PARTE (22)

CODEWEST API-570 PREP COURSE FINAL EXAM # 1

COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION

8.

A seamless NPS 14, ASTM A53 Grade B material, pipe operates operates at 775 psi and a maximum of 750°F. For only pressure design, what minimum thickness is required? a. b. c. d.

9.

0.50” 0.41” 0.43” 0.46”

An ASTM A135 A135 Grade A NPS 6 electric resistance resistance welded (ERW) (ERW) pipe is to be used in in a refinery for hydrocarbon hydrocarbon service. It operates at 300 psi and 125 degrees F. What joint factor, Ej. Would you use use in determining the thickness for pressure only. a. b. c. d.

0.60 0.80 0.85 1.00

10. An ASTM A-53 Grade B NPS 12 pipe operates at 700 psi and 750°F. A blank blank fabricated from ASTM A-285 Grade C plate is to be used used for testing and later for operations. operations. The blank is to be used with 600 pound class flanges. What thickness blank will be required? The corrosion allowance required is 0.10”. The I.D. of the gaskets is 12.75”. Round the answer to the nearest hundredth. a. b. c. d.

1.51” 1.23” 1.31” 1.43”

11. A NPS 14 pipe with a wall thickness of 1.25” has to have a section 3’ long cut out and replaced. The pipe material is ASTM A-53 Grade Grade B. What preheat you recommend recommend on the butt welds? a. b. c. d.

None. 100 degrees. 175 degrees 50 degrees.

12. A NPS 12 pipe with a wall thickness of 1.125” has to be shortened. A section is cutout cutout and the pipe rewarded. The pipe material is ASTM A-53 Grade B. The welder asks how far from the weld must must the preheat temperature be maintained? What would you tell the welder? a. b. c. d.

No preheat preheat is required for this thickness thickness carbon steel material. material. Maintain the preheat at least the width of the weld. Maintain the preheat at least 1” beyond each edge of the weld. Maintain the preheat at least 1’ beyond each edge of the weld.

13. A NPS 10 ASTM A335 Grade P9 pipe with a wall thickness of 0.625” has a section cut out of it for installation of weld neck flanges for a spool section. section. What temperature should be used for post weld heat treatment treatment of the butt welds? a. b. c. d.

1100-1200 degrees F. 1100-1325 degrees F. 1350-1450 degrees F. 1300-1400 degrees F.

14. When conducting MT, each piece of magnetizing equipment equipment used with an ammeter shall be calibrated at least _____________ or whenever the equipment equipment has been subjected to major major repair, overhaul or damage. a. b. c. d.

Monthly. Quarterly. Twice a year. Once a year.

CODEWEST API 570 PREP COURSE COPYRIGHT © 2008-J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST-ALL RIGHTS RESERVED-DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION

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15. What is the recommended minimum thickness of steel for which the radioactive isotope Iridium 192 should be used? a. b. c. d.

1.50” 0.65” 1.30” 0.25”

16. What is the recommended maximum thickness measurement inspection interval for Class 2 piping. a. b. c. d.

10 years. 8 years. 5 years. 3 years.

17. A NPS 6 piping system, reflux line system of a depropanizer tower, operates at 275 psi and 200°F. The pipe material is ASTM A53 Grade B. The pipe thickness when installed in 1980 was 0.375”. During an inspection in 1996 the thickness of the pipe measured 0.25”. What is the corrosion rate of the pipe in this system? a. b. c. d.

0.0075 in/yr. 0.078 in/yr. 0.0078 ft/yr 0.078 cm/yr.

18. A NPS 6 piping system, reflux line system of a depropanizer tower, operates at 275 psi and 200°F. The pipe material is ASTM A53 Grade B. The pipe thickness when installed in 1980 was 0.375”. During an inspection in 1990 the thickness of the pipe measured 0.30”. In 1996 the thickness was measured and found to be 0.25”. What is the value of the worst corrosion rate that should be used to calculate the remaining life of the pipe? a. b. c. d.

0.0083 in/yr. 0.0078 in/yr. 0.0830 in/yr. 0.0780 in/yr.

19. An owner wants to use a carbon steel pipe (ASTM A106 Grade B) in a piping system that now has ASTM A335 Grade P11 at 850 degrees F. The owner states that the product is not corrosive and that the pressure is low enough to prevent over stressing the system if it was carbon steel. Which of the reasons listed would you cite as allowing its use or not allowing its use? a. b. c. d.

Conversion of carbides to graphite may occur after prolonged exposure to temperatures over 800°F. For use under B31.3, radiography shall be performed on all welds after heat treatment. This material when used below 900 degrees F shall be impact tested if the carbon content is above 0.30% This steel may develop embrittlement after service at approximately 800 degrees F and higher temperatures.

20. Low strength bolts are made from material having not more than_____________________ ksi minimum yield strength. a. b. c. d.

3 30 3000 30000

21. A 2T whole diameter IQI is to be located on the source side of a 48” diameter pipe that has been welded. The wall thickness is 0.625”. Select the whole type designation and the whole diameter of the IQI. a. b. c. d.

17 & 0.013”. 20 & 0.040” 25 & 0.020” 30 & 0.040”


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22. Single film technique was used to make a radiograph using a cobalt 60 source. The minimum permitted density in the area of interest is: a. b. c. d.

1.8 2.0 2.8 3.0

23. A NPS 18 piping system operates at 550 psi and 400°F. The pipe is 0.5” wall made from ASTM A53 Grade B material. The pipe was installed in 1991. The allowable stress is 20000 psi. The pipe is seamless. The thickness measured in 1996 is 0.42”. The next planned inspection is Round answer to the nearest whole number. a. b. c. d.

756 psi. 933 psi. 578 psi. 650 psi.

24. An 8” diameter X 0.50 thick round lap patch is to be installed as a repair to a 16” diameter pipe. The small repair patch is to be installed over several isolated pits. What is the largest size electrode that can be used? a. b. c. d.

5/32”. 1/4" 5/16” 7/32”

25. What is the allowable stress for an ASTM A312 Grade TP304L that is to operate at a service temperature of 1275°F? a. b. c. d.

2600 psi. 2350 psi. 2100 psi. 1850 psi.

26. As a standard technique, the temperature of the penetrant and the surface of the part to be processed by PT shall not be below _____________ nor above ______________ throughout the examination period. a. b. c. d.

50°F, 125°F. 55°F, 100°F. 70°F, 150°F. 65°F, 135°F.

27. What is the hydrostatic test pressure of a ASTM A105 carbon steel class 400 forged flange? a. b. c. d.

1450 psi. 1485 psi. 1500 psi. 1510 psi.

28. Which of the following is an essential variable of a SMAW WPS? a. b. c. d.

Change in the F number. Change in the root spacing. Change in the diameter of the electrode. Change in the groove design.

29. Personnel performing visual examination (VT) shall have an annual vision test to assure natural or corrected near distance acuity such that they are capable or reading: a. b. c. d.

Standard U-1 letters on standard Hunter test type charts for near vision. Standard G-1 numerals on standard Jaeger test type charts for far vision. Standard J-1 letters on standard Jaeger test type charts for near vision. Standard T-1 letters on standard hunter test type charts for far vision.


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30. You are asked to set the inspection interval for a buried pipe line. The soil resistivity (ohm-cm) is checked and found to be 8300 ohm-cm. What would be the interval? a. b. c. d.

2 years. 5 years. 10 years. 15 years.

31. You are asked to check a NPS 6 piping system that is made from ASTM A-106 Grade B material. The system operates at 400 psi and 500 degrees F. The piping engineer has a note on the records that a thickness of 0.15” is required for structural reasons and a corrosion allowance of 0.125” must be maintained. What thickness of pipe would you use? Round to the nearest thousandth of an inch. a. b. c. d.

0.250” 0.275” 0.344” 0.355”

32. You have an E7018 electrode. What F number is it? a. b. c. d.

1 4 5 6

33. What marking is not required on a B16.5 flange? Note: The marking may be included, but if it is, the pressure rating shall be stamped next to it. a. b. c. d.

Size. Designation Temperature. Rating class.

34. A NPS 12 gate valve made from ASTM A216 Grade WCB material was rolled out for inspection. An area of tha valve body was found by the inspector to be thinning. The maximum operating pressure of the valve is 275 psi at 200 degrees F. The casting factor, EC, is 0.8. The owner-operator requires the inspector to maintain a 0.125” corrosion allowance. What is the minimum thickness for the valve body? Round answer off to the nearest hundredth. a. b. c. d.

0.15” 0.28” 0.24” 0.31”

35. Which of the following is a class of film permitted for industrial radiographic use? a. b. c. d.

Class AS Class I Class 200 Class III

36. Improper prowled and/or post weld heat treatment of low alloy steel welds (for example, 9 Chrome-1 Moly material) often results in: a. b. c. d.

Oxidation of the material and loss of strength. Excessive softening of the material and loss of strength. Cracks from excessive hardness. Graphitization of the material and loss of strength.


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37. If you have a threaded pipe joint that is leaking in-service, you should: a. b. c. d.

Not tighten it because of a possible crack in a thread root may lead to failure. Tightened it immediately to stop the leak. Note the leak for record purposes and have it repaired at the next shut-down. Hammer test it to make sure that it is not thin.

38. When you have a pipe in high-temperature service, i.e. temperatures above ______________ degrees F., you measure the outside diameter of the piping to check for creep. a. b. c. d.

700 600 800 500

39. Preheating t a temperature not less than _______________ may be considered an alternative to PWHT for alterations and repairs initially PWHT as a Code requirement. a. b. c. d.

500°F. 300°F. 600°F. 250°F.

40. Injection points should be checked downstream of the injection point: a. b. c. d.

To the first change in direction or 25’ beyond the injection point. To the third change in flow direction or 300’ beyond the second change inflow direction, whichever is less To the second change inflow direction or 25’ beyond the first change in flow direction, whichever is less To the second change in flow direction or 20’ beyond the first change in flow direction, whichever is less

41. A fluid service in which the potential for personnel exposure is judged to be significant and in which a single exposure to a very small quantity of a toxic fluid, caused by leakage, can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restorative measures are take is classified as _______________ Fluid Service. a. b. c. d.

Category D Category M Normal. High Pressure.

42. What is the “face of a weld”? a. b. c. d.

It It It It

is the cross section of a weld as it would appear if the weld was cut axially. is the cross section of a weld as seen if cut across the groove. is the exposed surface of a weld on the side opposite from which welding was done. is the exposed surface of a weld on the side from which welding was done.

43. What is classified as small-bore piping (SBP)? a. b. c. d.

Piping that is less than or equal to NPS2. Piping that s less than or equal to NPS 2.25. Piping that is less than or equal to NPS 2.5 Piping that is less than or equal to NPS 2.75

44. The loss of ductility and notch toughness in susceptible low-alloy steels, such as 1.25 Chrome and 2.25 Chrome, due to prolonged exposure to hi gh temperature service (700°F to 1070°F) is known as: a. b. c. d.

Hydrogen embrittlement. Temper embrittlement. Caustic embrittlement. 885 embrittlement.


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45. What is secondary process piping? a. b. c. d.

Small-bore (˂ to NPS ¾) p rocess piping downstream of any pump. Small-bore (˂ to NPS 1) sample piping on any process pipe. Small-bore (˂ to NPS 1.5) process piping past normally closed globe valves. Small-bore (˂ to NPS 2) process piping downstream of normally closed block valves.

46. A change in either or both the design temperature or the maximum allowable working pressure of a piping system is known as: a. b. c. d.

Rerating Renewal. Retrofitting Regurgitation.

47. Which of the below is NOT an authorized inspection agency? a. b. c. d.

The inspection organization of the jurisdiction in which the piping system is used. The inspection organization of an insurance company that writes insurance for piping. An inspection organization of ASME that follows piping systems. An independent inspection organization employed by the owner or user of piping.

48. Is the base metal thickness range in accordance with ASME Section IX? a. b. c. d.

Yes No, should be 1/16” – 1/2" No, should be 3/16” – 1” No, should be 3/16” to 1/2"

49. Is the shielding gas shown on the PQR in accordance with ASME Section IX? a. b. c. d.

No, the WPS should specify the mixture 75% Argon, 25% CO2 Yes No, the PQR did not use the gas proposed by the WPS. Yes, you are permitted to have different gases shown on the WPS and PQR.

50. Are the tensile tests shown on the PQR in accordance with ASME Section IX? a. b. c. d.

Yes. No, the number 1 specimen failed to meet the minimum specified tensile strength of the test coupon. No, both specimens failed. No.


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QW-482 SUGGESTED FORMAT FOR WELDNG PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION (WPS) (See QW-200, 1 Section IX, ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code)

Company Name: _____ Ace Fabricators, Inc. ______________________ By: Joe Quality_____

_________________ ______ Date: Welding Procedure Spec. No.: WPS 1003 4-17-97____ Supporting PQR No. (s): 1003__ ___ _ WPS Revision No.: Rev. 0____________________ Rev. Date: __ ________________________________ ____ Welding Process (s): GTAW___________ ___ Type (s): Manual___________ ___________________ _ __ (Automatic, Manual, Machine or Semi-Auto)

JOINTS (QW-402)

Details

Joint Design: Single V__________________________________ Backing: (Yes) X___________ (No) X______________ Backing Material: (Type): P-No. 8 backing and/or weld metal ____

1/8” root opening maximum

(Refer to both backing & retainers) X____ Metal ______ __ Non metalic

___ Non fusing Metal _______ Other

Sketches, Production Drawing, Weld Symbols or Written Description Should show the general arrangement of the parts to be welded. Where Applicable the root spacing and the details of weld groove may be specified. (At the option of the Mfgr. Sketches may be attached to illustrate joint Design, weld layers and the bead sequence, e.g. for notch toughness Procedures for multiple process procedure, etc.)

*BASE METALS (QW-403) P-No. P-8________ Group No. _____________ to P-No. P-8__________ Group No. _____ OR Specification type and grade _________ _________________________________________________________ To Chem. Analysis and Mech. Prop. ______________________________________________________________

Thickness range: Base Metal: Pipe Dia. Range:

Groove: Groove:

1/16” to 1"_ _____ 2-7/8” minimum_ ____

Fillet: Fillet:

All____________ 1” minimum _____

*FILLER METAL (QW-404) Spec. No. (SFA): AWS No. (Class): Filler Metal F-No.: Chem. Comp. -A No.: Size of Filler Metals:

Weld Metal Thickness range:

Groove: Fillet: Electrode-Flux (Class): Flux Trade Name: Consumable Insert: Other:

5.9 _________ __________________ __ __________________ ER304 ___ F-6 _ _ _ __________________ A-1_ _________ __________________ 3/32” – 1/8” – 5/32”_ _______ _______

_ _____________ ________________ _ ________________ _ __________________ __________________

No single pass over 1/2" to be used.

1/2" max __ max to be welded__ _ ___ _ _________ None _ ____

__________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________

___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

*Each base metal-filler metal combination should be recorded individually

WQSET001DOC


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QW-482 (Back) WPS No.: 1003 .Rev.No. POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (QW-407) Temperature Range: Not for use with PWHT __ ____ Time Range: _ ____ ____ GAS (QW-408) Percent Composition:

POSITIONS (QW-405) Position(s) of Groove: All_______________ _______ Welding Progression: Up X____ Down ____X____ ____ _ Positions(s) of Fillet: Upward and downward___ PREHEAT (QW-406) Preheat Temp. Min.: 70°F__ ____________ _____ Interpass Temp. Max: 300°F___________________ Preheat Maint.: None required ______ _______ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ (Continuous or special heating where applicable should be recorded).

Gas(es) (Mixture) Shielding: __Argon__ welding grade Trailing: None used ________ __ Backing: None used ________ __

Flow Rate 15 – 25 cfh __ ___________ ___________

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (QW-409) Current AC or Dc: DC_________ Polarity: Straight _____ Amps Range : see below_____ Volts (Range): N/A _ __ (Amps and volts range should be recorded for each electrode size, Position and thickness, etc. This information may be listed in a Tabular form similar to that shown below).

Tungsten Electrode Size and Type _____2% Thoriated (EWTh-2) or Cesium Stabilized (EWCe-2)______________________ (Pure Tung stein, 2% Thoriated, etc.)

Mode of metal transfer for GMAW ______________________________________________________________________ (Spray arc, short circuiting arc, etc.)

Electrode Wire feed speed range _______________________________________________________________________ TECHNIQUE (QW-410) String or Weave Bead: All the option of the welder _______________________________________________ ________ Orifice or Gas Cup Size: ___ 3/8” through 3/4" diameter shielding gas cup size____________________________________ ________ Initial and Interpass Cleaning (Brushing, Grinding, etc.): Brushing, grinding, sanding or blasting-Note: Weld.________ Prep must be cleaned and prepared a least 1/2" back from Weld surfaces_______________________________________ _ Method of Back Gouging: Grinding or thermal methods allowed. _____________________________________ _____ _ Oscillation: _________________________________________________________________________________________ Contact Tube to Work Distance: ________________________________________________________________________ Multiple or Single Pass (per side): ______________________________________________________ __ _ Multiple or Single Electrodes: ________________________________________________________________ _ Travel Speed (Range): ______________________________________________________ _ Peening: None allowed_____________________________________________________________________ ___ _ Other: ___QW-404.50 No flux to be added to face of Weld _________________________________________________

Filler Metal

Current Other

Weld Layer (s) ALL ALL ALL

Process GTAW GTAW GTAW

Class

Dia.

Type Polar

ER304 ER304 ER304

1/16 3/32 1/8

DC - SP DC - SP DC - SP

Amp Range

Volt Range

Travel Speed Range

65 to 100 70 to 110 100 – 150

N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A

(e.g. Remarks, Comments, Hot Wire, Technique, TorchAngle, Etc.)


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QW-483 SUGGESTED FORMAT FOR PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORDS (PQR) (See QW-200.2, Section IX, ASME Boiler and Pressure vessel Code) Record Actual Conditions used to Weld Test Coupon Company Name: Ace Fabricators, Inc. __________________ _______________________________________________ Procedure Qualification Record No: PQR 1003______________________________ Date: 4-17-97____________ WPS No.: WPS003 ___________________________________________________________________________ Welding Process (s): ___ GTAW______________________________________________________________________ Types (Manual, Automatic, Semi-Auto): MANUAL________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________ JOINTS (QW-402)

Groove Design of Test Coupon (For combination qualifications, the deposited Weld metal thickness shall be recorded for each filler metal or process used.)

BASE METALS (QW-403) Material Spec: SA-240_____________ Type or Grade: Type 304___________ P-No. P-1______to P-No.: P-1__________ Thickness of Test Coupon: 1/4”______ __________ Diameter of Test Coupon: Plate____________ Other: ______________________________________ ____________________________________________

POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT (QW-407) Temperature: No. PWHT applied ___________ Time: _________________________ Other: ________ _______________________________ _ _______________________________

GAS (QW-408) FILLER METALS (QW-404) SFA Specification: 5.9______________________ AWS Classification: ER308 _________ _ Filler Metal F No.: F-4__________________ Weld metal Analysis No.: A-1_____________ ___ Size of Filler metal: N/A ______________ _ Other: _____________________________________ _______________________________________ _ __ Weld Metal Thickness: 1” ______________ ___ Note: _____________________________________ _ POSITION (QW-405) Position of Groove: 1G______________________ Weld Progression (Uphill, Downhill): N/A______ _ _ Other: __________________________________ __ _ ________________________________________ __ _ PREHEAT(QW-406) Preheat Temp.: 70°F ___________________ _ Interpass temp.: 125°F max _______ _________ Other: ______________________________________ ____________________________________________

Percent Composition Gas(es)

(Mixture)

Flow Rate

Shielding: Argon/ CO2 75/25% _ __15 – 25 ____ Tralling: _None Used ____________ ___________ Backing: _None Used_ ____________ ___________

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (QW-409) Current: ____________________________ Polarity: ______________________ _ Amps: _____ Volts: ___ _ Tungsten Electrode Size: _____________________ Other: _____________________________________ TECHNIQUE (QW-410) Travel Speed: ______5 IPM __________________ String or Weave Bead: ________________ Oscillation: ________________________________ _ Multipass or Single Pass (per side): ___Single______ Single or Multiple Electrodes: ___________________ Other: ____________________________________

WQSET001.DOC


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QW-483 (Back) PQR No. 1003

Specimen No.

Width

1 2

0.765 0.758

Tensile Test (QW-150) Ultimate Total Load Thickness Area Lb. 0.225 0.215

0.172 0.163

13,590 12,550

Ultimate Unit Stress Psi

Type of Failure& Location

79,010 76,990

Base Metal Base Metal

Guided Bend Tests (QW-160) Type and Figure No. Side Bend per QW-462.2 Side Bend per QW-462.2 Side Bend per QW-462.2 Side Bend per QW-462.2

Result No defects One open defect0.085” Two open defects, one 3/32” one 1/16” One open defect 0.013”

Toughness Tests (QW-170) Impact Values Specimen No. N/A

Notch Location

Specimen Size

Test Temp.

Ft. Lbs.

% Shear

Mils

Drep Weight Break (Y/N)

Comments: _________________________________________________________________________________________

Weld Test (QW-180) Result --- Satisfactory: Yes____________ No ________Penetration Into Parent Metal: Yes _________ No ___________ Macro --- Results: ___________________________________________________________________________________

Other Test Type of Test: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Deposit Analysis: ___________________________________________________________________________________ Other: ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Welder’s Name: Guy Rod _______________________________Clock No.: 357 _Stamp No.: X ______ _ Tests conducted By: John Richardson ___________Laboratory Test No.: N/A __________ _ We certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the test welds were prepared welded and t ested in accordance with the requirements of Section IX of the ASME Code. Date:

4-17-97

Manufacturer: Ace Fabricators, Inc.______________ ______________________By: ____John Richardson __________________________


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CLOSED BOOK BEGINS HERE 51. On what does corrective action depend per RP API 577? a. b. c. d.

The nature of the non-conformance and its impact on the project. The nature of the non-conformance and its impact on the properties of the weldment. The seriousness of the non-conformance. The time required to correct the condition.

52. Other techniques for PMI may be used for qualitative tests. One of these is? a. b. c. d.

Portable x-ray fluorescence. Eddy current sorters. Chemical laboratory analysis. Portable optical emission spectrometry.

53. For a new piping system and piping systems for which service conditions are being changed. One may of determining the probable rate of corrosion is to measure the thickness of the pipe after no more than ________________ of service by using nondestructive thickness measurements of the piping system. a. b. c. d.

1 year 6 months. 3 months. 1 month.

54. Hydrofluoric, acid, anhydrous hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide (greater than 3 percent) are all in Class _____________ service. a. b. c. d.

1 2 3 4

55. A close-interval pipe-to-soil potential survey should be made on buried catholically protected piping to verify that the piping has a protective potential throughout its length. For poorly coated pipes where cathodic protection potentials are inconsistent, the survey may be conducted at _________________ intervals for verification of continuous corrosion control. a. b. c. d.

2-year 5-year 8-year 10-year.

56. When checking piping that has coatings or if coatings of underground piping are repaired, the integrity of the coating may be tested using a high -voltage holiday detector. a. b. c. d.

Set to the maximum in order to detect the smallest of defects. Adjusted to the appropriate value for the coating material thickness. Set to the minimum in order to not damage the coating. Adjusted to an average between the maximum and the minimum voltage.

57. Which of the following is an inspection/monitoring method for chloride stress corrosion cracking? a. b. c. d.

UT RT PT or phase analysis EC. AE.

58. Which of the listed items are NOT considered “piping” as defined by B31.3? a. b. c. d.

Pipe support bent. Pipe mixers. Relief valves off pipes. Gate valves. CODEWEST API 570 PREP COURSE

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59. Bolts should extend completely through their nuts. Any which fail to do so are considered acceptable engaged if the lack of complete engagement is not more than: a. b. c. d.

Two threads. 1/4” One thread. 1/2 the depth of the bolt.

60. An owner asks an inspector it insulated small vents, bleeders, etc. can be checked for thickness, thread contact, corrosion and weld quality while the systems are in operation and without stripping insulation. If you were the inspector, which of the methods listed below would you pick? a. b. c. d.

UT RT AE ET

61. You are sent to a process unit in a refinery with an ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument to take thickness readings on a piping system. After you get the proper Okays and reach the piping to be measured, you find that you can not place your hand on the piping; it is too hot. You go back and check with the operators and they tell you that the temperature of the line is 400 degrees F. Which of the following courses of action would you take? a. b. c. d.

Make sure your couplant works; take the readings and turn them in to the owner. Since the probe, when hot, reads low, estimate what this is and take the reading. Ask the operators to change the process and let the line cool off. Check to see if you have the correct probe and a temperature correction table for it.

62. The actual thickness of welded pipe used in refinery service may vary from its nominal thickness by a manufacturing tolerance of: a. b. c. d.

+0.01 inch. -0.01 inch. +0.01 inch. +0.01%

63. Which of the following piping systems are excluded or optional under the provisions of API 570? a. b. c. d.

Raw, intermediate and finished petroleum products piping. Piping carrying raw, intermediate and finished chemical products. Hydrogen, natural gas, fuel gas and flare system piping. Internal piping or tubing of fired heaters.

64. An owner has had a piping system recently designed, fabricated and installed according to ASME B31.3. The system has never been placed in service. The owner requests that you okay additional piping that is being added to the system before start up. What is your course of action as an inspector? a. b. c. d.

Agree to inspect and test the new piping as long as it complies with API 570.0 Agree to inspect and test the new piping as long as it complies with B31.3 Refuse to have anything to do with adding the piping. Refuse to have anything to do with the piping unless API 570 is used.

65. If a “pig” is used for cleaning a pipe or if an “intelligent pig” is used for checking for defects or thickness the pipe line must e free of restrictions and the bends should be __________ diameter formed bends rather than 90 degree weld ells for facilitation of the pigging operation. a. b. c. d.

Two. Three. Four. Five.


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66. Carbon, low-alloy and other ferritic steels may be susceptible to brittle failure at or below ambient temperatures. Brittle fracture usually is not a concern with: a. b. c. d.

Low alloy steels (specially 2.25 Chr-1 Mo) Thick-wall piping. Relatively thin-wall piping. Ferritic stainless steels.

67. Pressure tests on piping are normally required: a. b. c. d.

After the unit starts up. When the operator requests one. After alterations and major repairs. When the maintenance crew requests one.

68. What type gate valve should not be used as block valves associated with pressure relief devices? a. b. c. d.

Copious wedge gate valves. Magnum ported gate valves. Full ported wedge gate valves. Reduced port gate valves.

69. A welder has not welded in the last seven months. He is qualified for ________________ month(s). a. b. c. d.

3 0 12 9

70. The term NPS 10 indicates: a. b. c. d.

A pipe that has an inside diameter of 10” and an O.D. depending upon wall thickness. A pipe that has an outside diameter of 10” and an I.D. depending upon wall thickness. A pipe that has an outside diameter of 10.75” and a nominal inside diameter of 10”. A pipe that has an outside diameter of 10.625” and an inside diameter of 10”.

71. Who determines if a pressure test is required after a repair is made to a piping system? a. b. c. d.

Inspector. Owner-User. Maintenance Supervisor. Operator.

72. A pipe is to be hot tapped. The piping engineer has ASME B31.3 and designed the hot tap nozzle and the related welds. According to API 570 what other publication should be followed when making the weld to the in-service pipe? a. b. c. d.

API Publication 2201 API Standard 510 API Standard 653 API Publication 920

73. When an inspector knows or is advised that environmental cracking may be a problem in a particular piping circuit, what types of inspections would be most effective? a. b. c. d.

Hammer test, VT, EMAT. ET, VT, AE. WFMT, PT, UT (shear wave) Hydro test, UT (straight beam), Magnetic Flux Leakage.


15



74. The corrosiveness of the soils (considering buried piping) can be determined by a measurement of the soil: a. b. c. d.

Resistivity. Erosivity. Susceptibility. Impenetrability.

75. What is creep cracking dependent upon? a. b. c. d.

Time, temperature and stress. Pressure, intensity, newness. Relaxation, cycles, out of roundness. Fatigue, corrosion, parameters.

76. Which of the following is the maximum electrode size for a hot tap root pass on a 24 in. pipe less than 1/4 in thick? a. b. c. d.

1/4 in. 3/32 in. 5/32 in. None of the above.

77. In the equation a. b. c. d.

 

what does the term “S” stand for?

Strain value for a pipe under hoop stress. Unit efficacy in inches per inch. Elongation strain in inches per inch of a pipe under temperature strain. Allowable unit stress at the design temperature in pounds per square inch (psi).

78. Deviations from specifications or standards for materials, tolerances or workmanship in the repair, alteration and rerating of a pipi ng system: a. b. c. d.

Is not allowed. Should be done only after evaluations as to safety, strength, corrosion resistance and serviceability and the change are properly recorded. May be made if the owner-user approves and the change is properly recorded. Can be made if the maintenance and safety department allow.

79. Hot spots on pipe can be detected by several methods. Which of the methods listed below is NOT a method of detection. a. b. c. d.

Visually-see a red glow. Use of temperature indication crayons on suspected areas. Use of an ultrasonic testing instrument. Use an infrared temperature indicating instrument.

80. During periodic scheduled inspections of injection point circuit inspections, more extensive inspection a point in a 100 foot straight section of NPS 3 pipe is checked. The inspector checks an area ____________ upstream of the injection nozzle and he checks downstream for at least ___________________ a. b. c. d.

10 inches, 10 ft. 12 inches, 2.5 ft. 15 inches, 15 ft. 12 inches, 20 ft.

81. Chloride stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of austenitic stainless steels due to moisture and chlorides; polythionic acid SCC of sensitized austenitic alloy steels due to exposure to sulfide, moisture condensation or oxygen; Caustic SCC (caustic embrittlement); Amine SCC and Hydrogen induced cracking are all examples of: a. b. c. d.

Erosion and corrosion/erosion. Environmental cracking. Creep cracking. Prattle fracture.


16



82. Before starting inspection, inspection personnel should a. b. c. d.

Secure all the valves on the operating lines to be inspected. Procure TML’s the operating personnel. Go to the safety group for permission to work in the vicinity. Obtain permission to work in the vicinity from operating personnel.

83. If an insert patch (flush patch) with full-penetration grove welds is used as a permanent repair for a pipe in a class 1 or 2 piping system, what NDE procedure would you require? a. b. c. d.

Spot radiograph welds or UT welds 100%-NDE procedures approved by inspector. Radiograph welds 100% or UT welds 100%-NDE procedure approved by inspector. Random radiograph welds or MT welds 100%-NDE procedures approved by inspector. Radiograph welds at corners & at one horizontal & one vertical weld-inspector approve.

84. Discoloration of the soil, softening of paving asphalt, pool formation, bubbling water, puddles, freezing of the ground, odor are all: a. b. c. d.

Indications of soil impermeability in the area. Indications of a oil well that has not been capped. Indications of poor road or parking lot paving preparations. Indications of a leak in buried piping.

85. A welder shall be prequalified whenever a change is made in one or mare of the _______________ listed for each welding process. a. b. c. d.

Non-essential variables. Essential variables. Supplementary variables. Testing variables.

86. What is the minimum radius of the corners of a small square or rectangular repair welded patch used to make a temporary repair to a pipe? a. b. c. d.

1/2 inch. 1 inch. 1.5 inches. 2 inches.

87. A welding electrode that ends as follows, EXX16, or EXX18, are ______________ electrodes. a. b. c. d.

High-carbon Low-chloride. Low-hydrogen. High-silicon.

88. As an inspector you should inspect the connection between the stem and the disk of a gate valve to: a. b. c. d.

Ensure that the disk will not detach from the stem during operation. Affirm that the ball check is can operate successfully. Assure that free rotation of the wing gate can take place. Affirm that the plug can operate freely and that no obstruction is present.

89. Who establishes the piping inspection intervals of thickness measurements and external visual inspection and where applicable, for internal and supplemental inspections? a. b. c. d.

NBIC or ASME. Safety department or operations. Maintenance supervisor. Owner-user or the inspector.


17



90. Services that are flammable but do not significantly vaporize when they leak and are not located in high-activity areas are classified as: a. b. c. d.

Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Normal.

91. Most brittle fractures of carbon low-alloy or other ferritic steels occur: a. b. c. d.

When the operators start the system after it has been hydro tested. During the second hydro test or first year of service. After the steels have been in service for a long time. During the first hydro test or service overload.

92. Reclaimed pipe and other piping components may be used, provided they are: a. b. c. d.

Weld able carbon steel and meet the requirements of B31.3. Properly identified and otherwise meet the requirements of B31.3. Not threaded and they otherwise meet the requirements of API Publ. 2201. Weld able austenitic steel and meet the requirements of AISI 4140.

93. Inspection of secondary, auxiliary SBP associated with instruments and machinery is: a. b. c. d.

Optional. Required. Mandatory. Necessary.

94. An inspector in reviewing machinery that is subject to vibrations finds several threaded connections on small connections to compressors and pumps. What should he do? a. b. c. d.

He should review records and assess the piping for possible renewal with a thicker wall or for up-grading to welded components. He should immediately write work orders to have the threaded piping renewed with welded components. He should inspect the piping as normal and renew or replace any piping where he finds problems and make a record of his actions. He should check the piping using dye penetrant to find any possible cracks and increase the frequency of inspection of the piping.

95. An external inspection for process piping, which of the following is NOT an item you would check for vibration problems? a. b. c. d.

Excessive overhung weight. Soil-to-air interface. Threaded connections. Inadequate support.

96. For first time CUI inspections on Class 1 systems, the examination should include at least ______________ percent of all suspect areas and ________________ percent of all areas of damaged insulation. a. b. c. d.

100, 100 50, 100 10, 100 50, 75

97. To achieve the most accurate projection for the next inspection of TML’s: a. b. c. d.

Only the thickness measurements of the earliest renewal date piping in needed. A representative number of thickness measurements must be obtained. The maximum number of thickness measurements should be obtained. A representative minimum readings of the earliest renewal date piping is needed.


18



98. Piping systems that are known to have a remaining life of ___________ years or that are protected against e xternal corrosion need not have insulation removed for the periodic external inspection. The condition of the insulating system or the outer jacketing should be observed periodically by operating or other personnel. a. b. c. d.

20 15 10 8

99. During a pressure test of a piping system, the new test pump continues to pump over a long period of time with a very slow increase in pressure in the system being pressured. What would you diagnose as the possible problem? a. b. c. d.

A smaller pump should be used because of the possible high pressure. The pump is undersized and a larger pump should be obtained. A leak in the system exists or too much air may be trapped in the system. Blinds in the system are bulging and preventing the pressure from rising.

100. What is the axis of a weld? a. b. c. d.

A line through the center of the weld, parallel with the sides of the weld. A line drawn parallel with the base of the material. A line through the center of the weld, perpendicular with the weld. A line drawn from the base to the cap of a weld.

101. Primary process piping is n ormally greater than: a. b. c. d.

NPS 2 NPS 2.5 NSP 3 NPS 3.5

102. The API 570, Table 6-1, recommended maximum thickness measurement inspection interval is 3 years. What Class piping (or other) is this interval for? a. b. c. d.

Class 1 Class 2 Injection points. Class 3

103. A piping system installed in a cold box in which the atmosphere is purged with and insert gas would probably have a remaining life of over _______________ years. a. b. c. d.

50 10 25 15

104. When all t he air is expelled from a system that is being pressured for a hydro-test the: a. b. c. d.

The pressure will rise slowly. The equipment may be subjected to shock. The pressure will rise rapidly. The system is dangerous and the test should be stopped.

105. What thickness technique would you recommend for measuring thickness of NPS 3/4 pipe? a. b. c. d.

UT RT ET Mechanical.


19



106. More TML’s are normally selected for piping systems with all but one of the following characteristics. Which characteristic does not belong? a. b. c. d.

Higher potential for creating a safety or environmental emergency is a failure occurs. Long straight-run piping systems. Higher expected or experienced corrosion rates. Higher potential for localized corrosion.

107. A rectangular plaque with small holes made of material radio graphically similar to that of the object being radio graphed or a set of small diameter wires, also made of material radio graphically similar to that of the object being radio graphed that is used to check the image quality of the radiograph are known as. a. b. c. d.

Semblance location markers (SLM’s). Figure storage systems (FSS’s). Image quality indicators (IQI’s). Icon optional shims (IOS’s).

108. Thickness measurements may be obtained when the piping system is in out of operation and they are obta ined by: a. b. c. d.

An Engineer or Technician. A Contractor or Pipe Fitter. The inspector or Examiner. An Operator or Safety Man.

109. Examples of piping that internal visual inspections are made on are: a. b. c. d.

Lines smaller than NPS 12. Transfer lines between exchanger & process towers, also between heaters & towers. Large-diameter lines, ducts, catalyst lines, etc. Under ground gas piping, steam lines, fuel gas lines, etc.

110. Which of the listed is not a type of inspection or surveillance covered by an API 570 Inspector? a. b. c. d.

Internal and external visual inspection. Replication inspection for SCC. Thickness measurement inspection. Vibrating piping and supplemental inspection.

111. Thickness measurements using ultrasonic thickness instruments are usually used on pi ping that is larger than: a. b. c. d.

NPS 1/4 NPS 1/2 NPS 3/4 NPS 1

112. When an inspector checks downstream of control valves, especially when flashing is occurring, downstream of orifices, downstream of pump discharges, at any point of flow direction change, he is checking for: a. b. c. d.

Erosion and corrosion/erosion. Environmental cracking. Fatigue cracking. Creep cracking.

113. A welder that welds a circumferential groove butt weld on a pipe with its axis inclined at 45 d egrees to the horizontal and welds without rotating the pipe is welding in the _____________ position. a. b. c. d.

1G. 6G. 2G. 5G.


20



114. What Standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, tolerances, marking, testing and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings? a. b. c. d.

API 570 ASME B16.5 API 574 ASME B31.3

115. Appropriate _______ ______________ shall be taken before any piping system is opened and before some types of external inspection are performed. a. b. c. d.

Equipment checks. Review procedures. Safety precautions. Operation procedures.

116. Which of the items listed below is not considered qualifications for an API Authorized Piping Inspector? a. b. c. d.

Batchelor of Science Degree in Engineering plus 1 or experience in supervision or performance of inspection activities. Two year degree plus 2 ors experience design, inspection, repair or operation of piping systems. High school education plus 3 yrs experience design, inspection of piping systems. Five yrs experience maintaining (repair/constr) and operating in –service piping systems.

117. A welder may be performance qualified by visual and mechanically examining welds made in test coupons or by radiography of the weld test coupons. Alternately a welder may be performance qualified for a process or mode of arc transfer by: a. b. c. d.

Radio graphing a 6 inch length of the welders first production weld. Visual examination and ultrasonic testing of the weld test coupons. Magnetic particle testing and ultrasonic testing of the weld test coupons. Eddy current testing and visual inspection of the first production weld.

118. A flanged j oint is put together by: a. b. c. d.

An inspector. A fabricator. An assembler. An activator.

119. At temperatures in the creep range, what could happen if the flange bolts and gaskets gradually relax? a. b. c. d.

The bolt loads will increase & possible failure may result. The flanges may bend because of the temperature. The bolt loads will reduce & leakage could occur. The bolt loads will increase, causing the gasket to be crushed.

120. The corrosion rate in dead legs can vary significantly from adjacent active piping. The inspector should monitor wall thickness on selected dead legs, including: a. b. c. d.

Downstream of the dead leg at least 2 feet or the first change of direction. Upstream of the dead leg at least 2 feet or the first upstream change of direction. Blind flange or valve that blocks off the dead leg. Both the stagnant end & the connection to and active line.

121. In the equation a. b. c. d.

 

, what does the term “D” stand for?

Outside diameter of the pipe, in inches (millimeters). Inside diameter of the pipe, in inches (millimeters). Inside diameter of the gasket for a raised or flat face flange in inches (millimeters). Average diameter of the pipe in inches (millimeters).


21



122. The definition of defect is: a. b. c. d.

A change in shape or dimensions. An interruption of the typical strectur4e of a material. A discontinuity that bye nature or accumulated effect render a part of product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards. None of the above.

123. What are F nu mber groupings based on? a. b. c. d.

Chemistry. Usability characteristics. Mechanical properties. Weld ability.

124. Flanged joints using low strength carbon steel bolts shall not be used above _________________ degrees F or below -20 degrees F. a. b. c. d.

300 500 200 400

125. Why do you control the raising of the hydro-test pressure in a piping system hydro-test? a. b. c. d.

Slowly rising pressure gives the inspector time to look the system over. You do not want to over tax the pump being used in the pressure test. A sudden rise in pressure may cause shock, resulting failure of equipment. Controlling the pressure rise allows a uniform recording of the test to be made.

126. Low strength bolts shall only be used in class _______________ and class _______________ joints. a. b. c. d.

125, 150 150, 300 300, 400 400, 600

127. In service-specific corrosion, when you have a sulfur content of greater than 0.5% by weight and high temperatures of say, 650°F. What ASTM grade of carbon steel pipe may corrode at higher rates? a. b. c. d.

A-106 Grade B. A-53 Grade A. A-556 Grade B2. A-210 Grade A-1.

128. A flanged joint is composed of three separate and independent, although interrelated components. What are these components? a. b. c. d.

Flange face, bolt holes and hub. Flange, gasket and bolts. Raised face, ring joint and lapped joint. Slip-on, fillet welds and hub.

129. A new piping system normally requires a hydro-static test after completion of construction. This test is to: a. b. c. d.

Satisfy the owner’s requirements. Stress the system to insure structural integrity. Insure tightness. Cover any thing that might have been missed during construction.


22



130. For spot radiography of girth and miter wields, NPS 2.5 and less requires: a. b. c. d.

A single elliptical, exposure encompassing the entire weld. The lesser of 25% of the inside circumference or 6 inches. The minimum of 6 inches of weld length. The lesser of 10% of the inside circumference or 4 inches.

131. If piping is being installed with “cold spring” designed into it, and the maintenance people start to heat it to fit it up, what would you do as the inspector on the job? a. b. c. d.

Stop the work-heating must not b used to close gaps of piping with cold spring. Allow the work to continue-heating to close the gap will do no harm. Ask the construction foreman to sign a statement that he Okayed the heating. If you find nothing in the job specs, allow the work to continue.

132. When making a hardness test on piping welds, the hardness limit applies to: a. b. c. d.

The heat affected zone only. The weld only. The weld and to the heat affect zone. The pipe at least 1” from the weld.

133. An injection point inspection circuit includes a recommended upstream limit from the injection point, the greater of _____________ inches or ________________ pipe diameters and a recommended downstream limit of the _____________ change of flow direction past the injection point or ___________ feet beyond the __________ change in flow direction, whichever is less. a. b. c. d.

15, 4 First, 20, third. 10, 3 Second, 30, First. 12, 2, Third, 25, Second. 12, 3 Second, 25, First.

134. If buried piping is uncoated, the inspector should check at the soil-to-air interface. He should call for excavating ____________ __________ ___________ deep to assess the potential for hidden damage.

a. b. c. d.

3” to 9” 6” to 8” 6” to 12” 4” to 10”

135. When water or other aqueous solutions in a piping system freeze, what may happen: a. b. c. d.

The pipe may fail because of the expansion of the material when it freezes. Nothing, the materials will occupy less space when it freezes. Piping should be designed to take the stresses; hence nothing should happen. System should be flexible enough to with stand freezing, nothing will happen.

136. Corrosion under insulation (CUI) that is dependent upon climate is more apt to occur: a. b. c. d.

Cooler drier, mid-continent locations. In warmer, marine locations. Extremely cold northern locations. Hot, dry, very low humidity locations.

137. What are the only pipe components that use fillet welds for primary welds? a. b. c. d.

Expanded components and ring joint flanges. Threaded components and weld neck flanges. Socket welding components and slip-on flanges. Flared components and miter bends.


23



138. Cast iron shall not be used above ground within process unit limits in hydrocarbon or other flammable fluid service at temperatures above _______________ degrees F nor at gage pressures above ____________ psi. a. b. c. d.

500, 300 400, 200 300, 150 200, 400

139. Hammer testing of piping, valves and fittings is a method of extending the scope of measurement to detect the presence of unexpected thin sections. Which of the listed items may safely be Hammer tested? a. b. c. d.

Cast iron and stress-relieved lines in caustic and corrosive service. Carbon steel lines in low or non-corrosive service. Copper tubing, brass piping or other piping made from soft materials. Glass, cement or other internally coated (lined) pipe.

140. Pipe flanges and flanged fittings of ASME B16.5 are obtainable in classes 150, 300, 400, 600 ____________ 1500 and 2500. a. b. c. d.

800 1000 700 900

141. Per API 570 Service-specific corrosion may occur in carbon steel piping when the sulfur content in the oil is greater than 0.5% by weight and the temperature is _______________ or higher. a. b. c. d.

350°F. 450°F. 250°F. 500°F.

142. If you have vibrations, hydraulic Hammer, pressure fluctuations and frequent thermal changes, piping may suffer from: a. b. c. d.

Environmental cracking. Creep cracking. Fatigue cracking. Erosion cracking.

143. Fatigue cracking can typically be first detected at points of high-stress intensification such as: a. b. c. d.

Horizontal straight runs of piping. Branch connections or sharp changes of direction. Vertical straight runs of piping. Properly designed expansion loops.

144. The maximum internal pressure permitted i n the piping system for continued operation at the most severe condition of the coincident internal or external pressure and temperature (minimum or maximum) expected during service is known as: a. b. c. d.

Maximum relief valve pressure (MRVP). Maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP). Maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP). Maximum jurisdictional pressure allowed (MJPA).

145. If a backing ring is used in a weld joint where the resulting crevice is detrimental (e.g. subject to corrosion, vibration or severe cyclic conditions): a. b. c. d.

Mechanical or other interlocks shall be provided to prevent separation. It should have a maximum tensile stress of at least 10% higher than the weld metal. The joint should be radio graphed to insure full penetration. It should be removed and the internal joint face ground smooth.


24



146. When will the p erformance qualification of a welder or welding operator for a process expire? a. b. c. d.

When When When When

he has he has he has he has

not welded not welded not welded not welded

with a process with a process with a process with a process

during during during during

a period of 3 months or more. a period of 6 months or more. a period of 1 month or more. a period of 12 moths are more.

147. ASME Standard B16.5 covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, tolerances, marking, testing and methods of designating openings for flanges and flanged fittings NPS ______________ through NPS _______________ a. b. c. d.

1/4, 30 1/2, 24 3/4, 28 1/8, 26

148. Piping in a refinery that in normal active service cannot be valved off or if it were valved off, would significantly affect unit operability is known as: a. b. c. d.

Secondary operating piping. Primary process piping. Secondary process piping. Large-bore piping.

149. Al repair and alteration work must be authorized by the _______________ prior to its commencement: a. b. c. d.

Operators. Jurisdiction. Owner-user. Inspector.

150. A permanent repair of a defect in a pipe can be made by: a. b. c. d.

Fastening an expanded split sleeve over the defect, bolting a lap patch over the defect or clamping a weld cap over the problem area. Installing a properly designed and fabricated bolted leak clamp over the defect or use a commercial leak sealing company to fabricate a device to seal off the defect. Affixing a full circumferential welded split sleeve over the defect a lap patch less than 1/2 the diameter of the pipe over the defect, or a weld cap over the corroded area. Remove the defect by preparing a welded grove that removes the defect, restore the corroded area with weld metal or cut out a cylindrical section and replacing.


25



ANSWER KEY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

d, a, c, c, c, b, a, b, c, d, c, a, d, d, d, a, a, a, a, b, b, b, c, a, b, a, c, a, c, c, c, b, c, b, b, c, a, c, b, c, b, d, a, b, d, a, c, b, c, a, b, b, c, a, b, b, c, a, c, b,

B16.5, 5.3.5(c) B31.3, Table A-1 570, Table 7-1 Section V, T-952 570, 7.1.1 B31.3 Table A-1 B16.5, Table F2-1.5 B31.3, 304.1.2 B31.3, Table A-1B B31.3, 304.5.3 B31.3, Table 330.1.1 B31.3, 330.1.4 B31.3, 331.1.1 Section V, T-761.1 577, 9.8.4 570, Table 6-1 570, 7.1.1 570, 7.1.1 B31.3, Table A-1 B16.5, 5.3.4 Section V, Table T-276 Section V, T-282.1 570, Table 7-1 570, Appendix C.2 B31.3, Table A-1 Section V, T-652 B16.5, Table F2-11.1 Section IX, QW-253 Section V, T-923 570, 9.2.6 B31.3, 304.1.2 Section IX, QW-432 B16.5, 4.2.5 574, 11.2 577, 9.8.3 574, 10.2.1.5.2 574, 10.2.1.5.3 574, 10.2.1.8 570, 8.2.2.1 570, 5.3.1 B31.3, 300.2 B31.3, 300.2 570, 3.41 570, 3.44 570, 3.40 570, 3.3 570, 3.4 Section IX, QW-451.1 Section IX, QW-408.2 Section IX, QW-451.1 577, 4.5 578, 5.2.4.3 570, 7.1.2 570, 6.2.1 570, 9.2.2 570, 9.3.1 571, 4.5.1.7(b) B31.3, 300.2 B31.3, 335.2.3 574 10.1.2.2


26



61. d, 62. b, 63. d, 64. b, 65. d, 66. c, 67. c, 68. d, 69. b, 70. c, 71. a, 72. a, 73. c, 74. a, 75. a, 76. b, 77. d, 78. b, 79. c, 80. b, 81. b, 82. d, 83. b, 84. d, 85. b, 86. b, 87. c, 88. a, 89. d, 90. a, 91. d, 92. b, 93. a, 94. a, 95. b, 96. d, 97. c, 98. c, 99. c, 100. a, 101. a, 102. c, 103. b, 104. c, 105. b, 106. b, 107. c, 108. c, 109. c, 110. b, 111. d, 112. a, 113. b, 114. b, 115. c, 116. d, 117. a, 118. c, 119. c, 120. d, 121. a, 122. c, 123. b,

574, 10.1.2.1 574, 4.1.1 570, 1.2.2(b) 570, 1.1.3 570, 9.1.6 570, 5.3.11 570, 8.2.6 574, 4.3.2 Section IX, QW-422.1 574, Table 1 570, 8.2.6 570, 8.2 570, 5.3.7 570, 9.1.4 570, 5.3.10 577, 11.2.3 574, 11.1 574, 10.4.3 574, 10.1.1.7 570, 5.3.1 570, 5.3.7 570, 5.2 570, 8.1.3.2 570, 9.1.1 Section IX, QW-351 570, Fig. C-2 570, Appendix C, C-1 574, 10.2.1.4 570, 6.3 570, 6.2.3 570, 5.3.11 B31.3, 323.1.4 570, 6.6.2 570, 6.6.3 570, Appendix D 570 Table 6-2 570, 5.5.2 570, 6.4 574, 10.2.3 Sec. IX, QW-461 570, 3.34 570, Table 6-1 570, 6.4 574, 10.2.3 570, 5.6 570, 5.5.3 Sec. V, T-233.1 570, 5.4.2 570, 5.4.1 570, 5.4 570, 5.6 570, 5.3.6 Sec. IX, QW-461.4 B16.5, 1.1 570, 5.2 570, Appendix A Sec. IX, QW-304.1 B16.5, 2.2 B16.5, 2.5.2 570, 5.3.2 574, 11.1 577, 3.16 Sec. IX, QW-431


27



124. d, B16.5, 5.3.4 125. c, 574, 10.2.3 126. b, B16.5, 5.3.4 127. b, 570, 5.3.5(f) 128. b, B16.5, 2.2 129. c, B31.3, 345.1 130. a, B31.3, 344.5.2(c) 131. a, B31.3, 335.1(b) 132. c, B31.3, 331.1.7 133. d, 570, 5.3.1 134. c, 570, 5.3.4 135. a, 570, 5.3.12 136. b, 570, 5.3.3 137. c, B31.3, 311.2.5 138. c, B31.3, 323.4.2(b) 139. b, 574, 10.2.4 140. d, B16.5, 1.1(a)(1) 141. b, 570, 5.3.5(f) 142. c, 570, 5.3.9 143. b 570 5.3.9 144. c, 570, 3.21 145. d, B31.3, 311.2.3 146. b, Sec. IX, QW-322.1 147. b, B16.5, 1.1(a)(2) 148. b, 570, 3.34 149. d, 570, 8.1.1 150. d, 570, 8.1.3.2


28



ANSWER KEY Problem #2

   

Problem#3

             

Problem#5

                   

                        Problem #8

            Problem #10

       √    √ 


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