NAME: -
ATIF JAMIL
REGISTRATION: REGISTRATION: -
2530-FMS/BBA/S09
PROGRAMME: -
BACHELORS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT: -
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION
FACULTY: -
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
BATCH: -
19 (A)
SEMISTER: -
5
SUBJECT: -
PAKISTAN STUDIES
FINAL PROJECT: -
DICTATORSHIP DICTATORSHIP IN PAKISTAN
TEACHER: -
SIR DR. GHULAM AHMED BEHLOL
TEACHERS REMARKS:-
th
TOPIC
DICTATORSHIP
IN
PAKISTAN
CONTANTS OF PRESENTATION Introduction Def inition
of Dictator What is Dictatorship? Periods of Military Dictatorship in Pakistan Era of Ayub Khan, 1958-1969 Era of Yahya Khan, 1969-1971 Era of ZIA UL-HAQ, 1977-1988 Era of Musharaf , 1999-2008 Timeline of Military Rule in Pakistan Conclusion
Introduction My name is AtifJamil and I am here to give presentation on ³DICTATORSHIP IN PAKISTAN´. In my presentation I will discuss the periods of dictators in Pakistan and the main events happened at the time of their rule and also the condition of Pakistan during their rule. The reason of selection is topic is that Much of Pakistan¶s history has been related with dictatorship. From self-proclaimed Field Marshall, General Ayub Khan to the so called Chief Executive, General Pervez Musharaf, the total span of military rule is more than 33 years.
Def inition
of Dictator
politicsPOWERFUL RULER : a leader who rules a country with absolute power, usually by force 1.
2. BOSSY PERSON: somebody who is regarded as behaving in an autocratic(A person with unlimited power or authority) or domineering(acting with or showing arrogance) way
3. Ancient history TEMPORARY ROMAN RULER : in ancient Rome, a temporary appointed leader with absolute power to deal with a crisis or an emergency
What
is Dictatorship?
A dictatorship is defined as an autocraticform of government in which the government is ruled by an individual, the dictator. It has following possible meanings:
1.A government controlled by one person, or a small
group of people. In this form of government the power rests entirely on the person or group of people, and can be obtained by force or by inheritance. The dictator(s) may also take away much of its peoples' freedom. 2.In contemporary usage, dictatorship refers to an autocratic form of absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, constitutions, or other social and political factors within the state.
Periods
of Military Dictatorship in Pakistan
There are three main Periods of dictatorship in Pakistan in which Four Military Dictator Ruled Pakistan For more than 33 Years which is a very long time. As Pakistan is a Democratic country in ruler is elected by the people of state in election through votes but unfortunately military dictator does not give much time to democracy in Pakistan that why Pakistan is in so much trouble now-a-days. Starting from the beginning the first dictator in Pakistan is:
1. 2. 3. 4.
GENERAL AYUB KHAN FROM 1958 TO 1969 GENERAL MUHAMMAD YAHYA KHAN FROM 1969 TO 1971 GENERAL MUHAMMAD ZIA-UL-HAQ FROM 1977 TO 1988 GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF FROM 1999 TO 200 8
Era
of Ayub Khan, 1958-
1969 MARTIAL LAW OF 1958 By implementing Martial Law in 1958,by General, Dreams
of Muslims of subcontinent were buried under their boots, and irreparable loss to this nation occurred by those power lusty Generals, The Details of which are as follows.
LOSS OF STATUS OF A DEMOCRATIC STATE Due to Implementation of Martial Law, Democratic rights of nation were lost, and Pakistan lost the status of a democratic nation, a right and status on the basis and principles of which Pakistan was created
LOSS OF STATUS OF A NONALIG NED NATION Due to Military Generals, Pakistan was gone completely in USA camp, against Soviet Union, while in fact there was no conflict between Pakistan and Soviet Union, and Soviet Union was our neighboring country and was having Huge Muslims populations in its Central Asian states, it was very convenient by using these factors for developing strong and durable friendship with soviet Union, as that of China we have developed. Due to wrong policies of Military Generals, Soviet Union became
enemy of Pakistan, and which later on proved very fatal.
DAMAGE TO UNITY OF PAKISTAN As per constitution of 1956, Province will be represented or President of the country. this principle and ruled the about 10 years, this created East Pakistan, for which 100 responsible.
it was decided that each either by Prime Minister But General Ayub violated country as a dictator for sense of deprivation in % Military Generals were
ADVANTAGES TO INDIA: Military Dictator Ship in Pakistan and due to loss of status of a democratic state, these things were very favorable for India for damaging the Interest of subcontinent Muslims and Pakistan, and full advantage was taken by India of the foolish acts of Pakistani Generals. Being itself under Military Dictatorship, Pakistan
demand for right of self-determination for Kashmir was weakened. Although, Military Dictatorship in Pakistan was highly beneficial for India, India superficially showed as India is against dictatorship, to give impression to patriotic Pakistanis as Military Dictators were highly beneficial for Pakistan. By developing bad relationship with Pakistan, India kept at a distance its Muslims Population from developing any people to people contacts with Pakistan. By developing good relationship with Russia, India forced Afghanistan not to develop close relationship with Pakistan.
WAR OF 1965 Due to Military Dictator ship, India instead of giving right of self-determination to People of Kashmir, selected to take the advantage of non-democratic
government in Pakistan, therefore tried to use military force to solve that problem for ever, although desire of Kashmiri and Pakistani nation to liberate the Kashmir was very high, but due to military dictatorship in the country it was impossible for Pakistan to gain any thing by that conflict. India was a six times larger country than Pakistan, due to being only single huge nation for Hindus, it was quite clear that its Hindu population will be highly motivated and devoted for the defense and interest of India, therefore in such situation it was completely out of question to liberate Kashmir with any military operation, therefore decision of liberation of Kashmir by war in 1965 was completely against the wisdom and knowledge of warfare, by that war Pakistan economy was seriously damaged and useless loss of army personnel¶s and equipment was occurred .
INCAPABILITY OF DICTATORS In 1965 war when with the sacrifices of Pakistani soldiers Indian defense line was totally broken, and Kashmir valley was laying in front of Pakistani army, Dictators again failed to show their competitiveness and confidence and instead of moving forward they stopped the army forward movement. This resulted in the wastage of sacrifices of soldiers and Pakistani nation.
TRANSFER OF POWER 1968 General Ayub instead of handing over power to Speaker of National Assembly handed over power to another General by this he showed no respect for his oath for sacrificing his life for nation, as a compromise for his life he surrendered to other Generals.
Era
of Yahya Khan, 1969-
1971 Dictator Yahya Khan was well known as a loose character man, his era is full of highest victimization of Pakistani nation and Army, it is sometimes thought that government of Pakistan was handed over to this man just to punishedPakistani nation by Dictator Ayub, Because it is completely unpredictable that how this man was able to become the president of an Islamic nation, this is a mystery till today. Some blunders of Yahya Khan are as follows,
CONSTITUTION ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1970:In the presence of 1956 and 1962 constitutions and against the advice of intellectuals of the nation that it will be very difficult to develop a new constitution for the country, elections were hold by this dictator for new constitution which led the country to an unbendable crisis.
INABILITY TO HANDLE THE CRISIS AFTER ELECTIONS: After elections politicians of the country failed to reach on any consensus on new constitution as forecasted already by the intellectuals, Dictator Yahya Khan instead of persuading them to reach on some type
of consensus, tried to use the policy of divide and rule for continuing his own rule and for this he had to find some reasons for which he had not to wait so long.
INCAPABILITY OF UNDERSTANDING TO ENEMY Dictator Yahya totally failed to understand the policy of India based on from first day of creation of Pakistan that how to create disunity among Muslims. On the basis of this policy India kept Indian Muslims at a distance from Pakistan by treating Pakistan as an enemy country. India created bad relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. India created bad relations between Pakistan and Soviet Union so that Pakistan could not develop again their historical relations with central Asians Muslims. In 1970 elections Indian RAW was main instrument, which was mainly responsible for cultivation of hatred between West and East Pakistan, But Dictator Yahya failed to comprehend this policy of India.
INDIAN TACTICS: In the final stages of Indian policy to create disunity among Muslims, India used its agents for irritating(annoying) Dictator Yahya and Government of Pakistan, so that in response to such irritation9annaoying) ,Dictator like Yahya will do some highly irresponsible and uncharacteristic acts such as military actions or any other sever reaction ,which will be very fruitful for Indian design. To irritate(annoy)DictatorYahya following acts were done by Indians agents in East Pakistan. Burning of Pakistan Flags. Burning of Quaid-e-AzamEffigy
(Dummy).Killing of Urdu Speaking Muslim refugees from India. Killing of soldiers and investors of West Pakistan.
All these acts were being done by Indians agents to make the situation more and more worse; it was the responsibility of Yahya to understand the tactics of India.But instead of taking the help of Mr. Mujib, Dictator Yahya did the uncharacteristic act of Military Action, and by a military court Death Penalty was awarded to Mr. Mujib.
FALL FROM POWER Public anger over Pakistan's defeat by Bangladesh and the division of Pakistan into two parts boiled into street demonstrations throughout. Yahya became the highest-ranking casualty of the war: to forestall further unrest, on December 2 0, 1971 he handed over power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, age 43, the ambitious leader of West Pakistan's powerful People's Party. Shortly after Yahya stepped down, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto reversed Rahimuddin Khan's verdict, released Sheikh MujiburRahman and saw him off to London. Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, ordered the house arrest of his predecessor, Agha Mohammed Yahya Khan, the man who imprisoned Mujib in the first place. Both actions produced headlines round the world .
DEATH Yahya Khan died in August 1980, in Rawalpindi.
PERSONAL LIFE He was known as a heavy drinker, with a preference for whiskey. Khan's close close friend and mistress during his reign was AkleemAkhtar, otherwise known as General Rani (General's Queen)
Era
of ZIA UL-HAQ, 1977-1988
On 8 January 1977 a large number of opposition political parties grouped to form the Pakistan National Alliance(PNA). Bhutto called fresh elections, and PNA participated in those elections in full force. They managed to contest the elections jointly even though there were grave splits on opinions and views within the party. The PNA faced defeat but did not accept the results, alleging that the election was rigged. They proceeded to boycott the provincial elections. Despite this, there was high voter turnout in national elections; however, as provincial elections were held low voter turnout and an opposition boycott, the PNA declared the newly-elected Bhutto government as illegitimate. All the opposition leaders called for the overthrow of Bhutto's rule. Political and civil disorder becomes great, which led to more unrest. Bhutto imposed martial law in major cities including Karachi, Lahore and Hyderabad. However, a compromise agreement between Bhutto and opposition was ultimately reported. On 5 July 1977, before the announcement of
any agreement, Bhutto and members of his cabinet were arrested by troopsunder the order of General Zia.
POSTPONEMENT OF ELECTIONS AND CALL FOR ACCOUNTABILITY After assuming power as Chief Martial Law Administrator, General Zia promised to hold National and Provincial Assembly elections in the next 90 daysand to hand over power to the representatives of the nation. He also stated that the Constitution of Pakistan had not been abrogated whatsoever, but had been temporarily suspended. However, in October 1977, he announced the delay of the electoral plan and decided to start an accountability (responsibility) process for the politicians. Zia said that he changed his decision due to the strong public demand for the scrutiny of political leaders who had engaged in illegal practice in the past but there is no evidence to this claim. Thus the "retribution first, elections later" PNA policy was adopted. A Disqualification Tribunal was formed, and several individuals who had been Members of Parliament were charged with malpractice (illegal) and disqualified from participating in politics at any level for the next seven years. A white paper document was issued, incriminating (appear guilty) the deposed Bhutto government on several counts.
THE DOCTRINE OF NECESSITY Nusrat Bhutto, the wife of the deposed Prime Minister, filed a suit against General Zia's military rule, challenging the validity of the July 1977 military coup. The Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled, in what would later be known as the Doctrine of Necessity (not to be confused with the 1954 Doctrine of necessity) that, given the dangerously unstable political situation of the time, General Zia's overthrowing of the Bhutto government was legal on the grounds of
necessity. The judgment tightened the general's hold on the government.
THE TRIAL OF ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO On 4 April 1979, the former Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was hanged, after the Supreme Court upheld the death sentence as passed by the Lahore High Court. The Supreme Court ruled four to three in favour of execution. The High Court had given him the death sentence on charges of the murder of the father of Ahmed RazaKasuri. Despite many appeals from foreign leaders requesting Zia to revoke Bhutto's death sentence, Zia dismissed the appeals and upheld the death sentence. The hanging of an elected prime minister by a military man was condemned by the international community and by lawyers and jurists across Pakistan.
APPOINTMENT OF MARTIAL LAW GOVERNORS The Zia rule largely made use of installing highprofile military generals to provincial administration under martial law. Zia's Guides Comrade Lieutenant General FazleHaq was appointed Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Zia's tenure saw the influx (inlow) of heroin, sophisticated weaponry, and countless refugees in from neighboringAfghanistan. Lieutenant General S.M. Abbasi was appointed Governor of Sindh; his tenure too saw civil disorder amid student riots. By contrast, martial law governor General Jilani of Punjab made much headway in beautifying Lahore, extending infrastructure, and muting political opposition. The ascent of Nawaz Sharif to Chief Minister of Punjab was largely due to General Jilani's sponsorship.Perhaps most crucially, General Rahimuddin Khan's appointment to the post of martial law Governor of Baluchistan saw the disbanding(splitting) of the Baloch, as well as the
construction of nuclear test sites in the Chagai District.
FORMATION OF MAJLIS-E-SHOORA In the absence of a parliament, General Zia decided to set up an alternative system, Majlis-e-Shoora, in 1980. Most of the members of the Shoora were intellectuals, scholars, ulema, journalists, economists, and professionals belonging to different fields of life. The Shoora was to act as a board of advisor's to the President. All 2 84 members of the Shoora were to be nominated by the President, also known as a technocracy or government of technocrats (a bureaucrat who is intensively trained in engineering, economics, or a form of technology).
INVOLVEMENT IN T HE SOVIET-AF GHAN WAR T HE SOVIET INVASION OF AF GHANISTAN On 25 December 1979, the Soviet Union (USSR) invaded Afghanistan. General Zia, as President of neighboring Pakistan, was asked by several cabinet members to hold self-back from interfering in the war, owing to the vastly superior military power of the USSR. General Zia, however, was ideologically opposed to the idea of communism taking over a neighboring country, supported by the fear of Soviet advancement into Pakistan, particularly Baluchistan, in search of warm waters, and made no secret about his intentions of monetarily and militarily aiding the Afghan resistance (the Mujahideen) with major assistance from the United States.
ECONOMIC REFORM Under Zia, the previous ruler Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's nationalization policies were slowly reversedand gradual privatization took place. General Zia greatly favored equality and industrialization. Between 1977
and 1986, the country experienced an average annual growth in the GNP of 6.8%, one of the highest in the world at that time.
FIGH TING T HE WAR B Y PROXY Zia now found himself in a position to demand billions of dollars in aid for the Mujahideen from the Western states, famously dismissing a United States proposed $325 million aid package as "peanuts". Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and Special Service Group now became actively involved in the conflict, and in cooperation with the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States Army Special Forces supported the armed struggle against the Soviets. In 1981, Ronald Reagan succeeded Jimmy Carter as President of the United States. Reagan was completely against the Soviet Union and its Communist satellites, dubbing it "the evil empire". Reagan now increased financial aid heading for Pakistan. In 1981, the Reagan Administration sent the first of 4 0 F-16 jet fighters to the Pakistanis. But the Soviets kept control of the Afghan skies until the Mujahideen received Stinger missiles in 1986. From that moment on, the Mujahideen's strategic position steadily improved. The Soviets declared a policy of national reconciliation. In January they announced that a Soviet withdrawal was no longer linked to the makeup of the Afghan government remaining behind. Pakistan, with the massive extra-governmental and covert backing from the largest operation ever mounted by the CIA and financial support of Saudi Arabia, therefore, played a large part in the eventual withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan in 1988.
T HE WAR LE GACY The war left deep scars to the Pakistani society with the menace of Kalashnikov (AK-4 7assault rifle) culture
spreading all over the country. It is estimated that there are currently 2 0 million firearms in Pakistan, which has a population of about 175 million(as of July 2010) i.e., almost every ninth person has a firearm, most likely an automatic one. The rise of the illicit drug trade and its spread through Pakistan to the rest of the world increased tremendously during the SovietAfghan war. Afghanistan's drug industry began to take off after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Desperate for cash with which to buy weapons, various elements in the anti-Communist resistance turned to the drug trade. This was tolerated if not condoned by their American sponsors such as the CIA. Two Afghan Mujahideen groups later morphed into Jihadist outfits in the shape of Taliban and Al-Qaeda in the early 1990s. The Pakistan and US trained Arab and Afghan fighters later in 2 001 initiated a 'Jihad' against US. The links of the spectacular and deadly events of September 11 were deeply rooted in the Soviet-Afghan war. Osama bin Laden invested his inherited money into the Soviet-Afghan war to fight the 'communist power' and was backed by CIA, ISI, US and Pakistani military establishments for over 10 years. To this day Pakistan is bearing the result of this strategy and has been dragged deeply into a war with no apparent end.
LAL MASJID OF ISLAMABAD The land of Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) was awarded to the resident by Zia ulHaq.Abdul Aziz Ghazi and Abdul Rashid Ghazi of JamiaHafsa had special relations with Zia ulHaq and those links were further enhanced by his son Muhammad Ijaz-ul-Haq during his term as a minister of religious affairs. The former head of Lal Masjid, Maulana Abdullah who was famous for speeches on Jihad (Holy war), is said to be very close to Zia ulHaq.
Era
of Musharaf , 1999-
2008 MUSHARRAF DICTATORSHIP After the Kargil war Musharaf is feared that he will dismissed from army, Therefore by violating the best interest of the nation when enemies of Pakistan were waiting for opportunities to overthrow Taliban rule in Afghanistan, and to destroy Kashmir liberation movement and to surgically remove nuclear arms of Pakistan, by having no care of the above mentioned interests of the nation ,this dictator staged the coup against a Prime Minister who was having two third majority in the parliament, at that time only a civilian government was in best position to solve all above challenges but foolish dictators were having no care of interests of the nation. K ASH MIR;
Due to Dictator Ship in Pakistan, liberation movement in Kashmir was seriously damaged; more dust was poured on that weakening movement by foolish suggestions of this dictator. This is the reason that even after giving so much sacrifices, still Kashmiris are waiting for freedom.
DAMAGE TO INTE GRITY OF PAK ISTAN: As the survival of any nation depends on the basic ideology of that nation, as Pakistan was created on the name of Islam and for the welfare of Muslim populations of Different areas, but this dictator was having no respect for the traditional, religious. Democratic and justice values of society, he was not in line with the mentality and thinking of the nation, nation was thinking in one direction and he was having mind of opposite direction, which caused serious damage to unity and integrity of Pakistani nation.
WAR AGAINST AF GHANISTAN: After 9/11 When he was waiting for help of USA for strengthening his dictatorship, he helped those enemies of Pakistan who were having desire to overthrow Islamic Government of Afghanistan, while in fact that was a golden opportunity for convincing to USA and world that solution to the problem of extremism in Afghanistan should be left to both governments of Afghanistan and Pakistan, and at other hand it was a convenient opportunity for creating a union between Pakistan and Afghanistan for countering terrorism for the purpose of avoiding the war in the region. but due to his dictatorship these goals were not possible, especially when India the main enemy of Muslim unity in South Asia pressurized Pakistan, by giving unnatural offer of Air bases in India to USA for aggression against Afghanistan while in fact by this offer it was not possible for USA to attack Afghanistan, by this offer, India just aim was to force Pakistan to become an ally
of USA against Afghanistan, so that a hatred may be created between Pakistan and Afghanistan, This foolish General was unable to comprehend this policy of India, due to which so much civilian atrocities are going on in this region even today and this region has become the most destabilized region of the world. War against Afghanistan was opposed by civilian, military intellectuals, Corps Commanders and people of Pakistan, but dictator was having no care about that. And was interested in his personnel interest War against Afghanistan has caused a huge destruction in Afghanistan and large number of Pakistani civilians and military personnel¶s have been killed.
DESTRUCTION OF PAK ISTAN War against a neighbor Muslim country, has seriously damaged Pakistan Islamic Ideology, and it is simple that without adherence to ideology, no country in the world can survive, this is the reason that now Pakistan is facing serious problem in each and every sphere of life, Institutions of Government and Military, Parliament and Judiciary are now facing serious problems as all these pillars of state have been seriously damaged by dictatorial policies.
DAMAGE TO ARMY : Due to operations against its own population, Pakistan Army has lost all support of people, this is the reason that due to policies of this dictator, daily so many soldiers and Police personnel¶s are loosing their lives, Instead of protecting and helping to each other, Army and people of Pakistan are cutting throats of each other, Due to operation in FATA, Balouchistan, and operation of Lal Mosque, serious damage to image of army has occurred. This dictator did not know that only relation and link between different areas and sections of people of Pakistan is that of Islam, All energy and
motivation of Pakistani nation comes from Islam, without that even survival of Pakistan is simply impossible, but this dictator was having no care of that, This is the reason that army and security forces have lost all motivation, and anti-social elements are committing freely their crimes.
DAMAGE TO JUDICIAL SYSTEM: This under graduate General has caused serious damage to Judicial system of Pakistan, He was not knowing that in history when a dictator throw away any judge on street due to fair practices of justice then that Judge becomes the greatest judge of history, In Karachi on 12-05-2007,so many civilians were killed just to damage and abuse the Judicial system of Pakistan.
DAMAGE TO PARLIAMENT : This dictator for the lust of power in 1999 removed a prime minister who was having Two Third majority in Parliament and a fake referendum was held to validate his dictatorship in which he showed that he was having support of 98 % of people, while in fact in history even in a single constituency of Pakistan it is simply not possible for any candidate to win so much support. He re-elected himself as a president for next five years, being a government employee wearing Military Uniform, while as per Pakistan constitution it is not allowed to compete elections being in job of Government, moreover from a parliament which already has elected him president once, and was going to complete its life just in next few months.
ECONOMY In 1999, under Nawaz Sharif, Revenue generation of around Rs.308 billion could not meet the growing expenditure requirements; with only an average of Rs. 80 billion being spent on Public sector development programs (PSDP) annually. From this Rs.3 08 billion
around 65% was being utilized for debt servicing. In 1988 Pakistan¶s foreign debt was $ 18 billion, but at the end of 1999 it had accumulated to become $3 8 billion. Public and external debt exceeded 3 00% of foreign exchange earnings. y
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Pakistan¶s economy grew by 100% ² to become $ 160 billion Revenue grew by 100% ² to become $ 11.4 billion Per Capita income grew by 100% ² to become $ 925 Foreign Reserves grew by 500% ² to become $ 17 billion Exports grew by 100% ² to become $ 18.5 billion Textile exports grew by 100% ² to become $ 11.2 billion Karachi Stock Exchange grew by 500% ² to become $ 75 billion Foreign Direct Investment grew by 500% ² to become $ 8.4 billion Annual Debt servicing decreased by 3 5% ² to become 26% Poverty decreased by 10% ² to become 24% Literacy ratio grew by 10% ² to become 54% Public development Funds grew by 100% ² to become Rs 520 billion
Pakistan came out of the list of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) while setting it on path of prosperity, growth and economic reforms. World Bank, IMF, and ADB praised Pakistan for its reforms, fiscal policies and macro-economic achievements.
CORRUPTION ISSUES When Musharraf came to power in 1999, he claimed that the corruption in the government bureaucracy would be cleaned up.[ In 2001, according to a survey conducted by Transparency International, Pakistan was ranked as the world's 11th most corrupt nation. However, by 2 002
Pakistan's rating had improved 13 places within the year, to be ranked 24th. By 2007, Pakistan was ranked 138th out of 179 countries, placing it as the 4 1st most corrupt country in 2 007. Overall, under Musharraf's regime, Pakistan's rating improved by 3 0 places.
SUSPENSION AND REINSTATEMENT OF T HE CHIEF JUSTICE On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, pressing corruption charges against him and filed a reference against the Chief Justice. He replaced him with ally Acting Chief Justice JavedIqbal. His removal of Chaudry was deemed politically motivated by the public. Musharraf's moves sparked protests among Pakistani lawyers. On 12 March 2007, lawyers started a campaign called Judicial Activism across Pakistan and began boycotting all court procedures in protest against the suspension. In Islamabad, as well as other cities such as Lahore, Karachi and Quetta, hundreds of lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies, condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. Slowly the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice gathered momentum and by May, protesters and opposition parties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts. On 20 July, the Supreme Court reinstated Chaudhry. PPP Co-chairman Asif Ali Zardari also has reportedly refused to reinstate the sacked chief justice of Pakistan (CJP) Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, apparently due to the fear that the latter, if reinstated, might reopen for adjudication cases on the National Reconciliation Order. During a meeting of leaders of the ruling coalition in Lahore on 23 July 2 008, Zardari repeatedly insisted on not reinstating Chaudhry, reported the Daily Times.
LAL MASJID
Lal Masjid had a religious school for women and the JamiaHafsa madrassa, which was attached to the mosque. A male madrassa was only a few minutes¶ drive away. The mosque often attended by prominent politicians including prime ministers, army chiefs, and presidents. The Lal Masjid administration had been in an escalating conflict with government authorities since January 2007. Government officials accused the mosque leadership of organizing a vigilante "vice-squad" which conducted raids against brothels, kidnappings of corrupt police officers, and suspected prostitutes. In April 2007, the mosque administration set up its own Islamic court in violation of government sanctions. In July 2007, a confrontation occurred when government authorities sent officers for demolition of the mosque under the pretense that it was created illegally. This development led to a standoff between police forces and students (mostly female). Mosque leaders and students refused to leave the mosque and the children's library. They remained within the mosque to prevent the demolition. The situation was only defused after the authorities backed down and offered talks. But government forces did not back down. Pakistani
troops stormed the building which led to a bloody war that ended with the deaths of more than 100 people.
Timeline
of Military Rule in Pakistan
Much of Pakistan¶s history has been related with dictatorship. From self-proclaimed Field Marshall, General Ayub Khan to the so called Chief Executive, General Pervez Musharaf, the total span of military rule is more than 33 years. The chart below summarizes the democratic and military span of our history. The most significant event of each dictatorial rule is also highlighted which reveals a very interesting pattern. It is not surprising to note that each military rule leaves behind a legacy of destruction the scars of which are carried by 160 million souls in Pakistan to this day.
Conclusion It is true the economy of Pakistan is grow in the rule of dictatorship but this boom in economy growth during these dictator¶s rules is due to the aid from the us and other country but beside these growth due to that aid we also give path to many trouble to come into our country the benefits from this economy growth is much much less than the problem we face after the end of the rules of these Dictators
From all above analysis it is clear that running of the country should be done by those who are specially trained for that purpose otherwise Military Generals, who are trained just to kill or destroy the enemy, when they come to the power they do the same thing with their nation and they are very fond of wars and very interested in show of power with guns, such type of people may be very dangerous for the nation, army and world at large. It is also t he responsibility
of Army as an institution to clarify that why so much easier it becomes obedient to such dishonest dictators.
