Pakistan Railways Project

Acknowledgement

In the name of Allah the praiseworthy, the passionate whose blessings made it possible for us to complete this complex task. It is a matter of great Pleasure and enthusiasm for us to complete our project. It is all because of Almighty Allah’s great guidance that made us do that. We are especially thankful to our respected Teacher Mr. Naseem Qaiser who provided us an opportunity to prepare this Project report and encouraged us. It was not possible without the guidance he provided to us, to complete this project. We are also thankful to the organization we have studied, studied, about Pakistan Pakistan Railway. Railway. As it was not possible possible without without their help too.

1 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

Table of Contents

Topics

Page Number

Acknowledgement

1

Table of Contents

2

History of Railways

3

Introduction of Railways

7

Vision and Mission

12

Software Details

12

Hardware Details

18

Network Structure

22

Database Backup Management

31

DataBase Services

33

Security Management

35

Online Presence

38

Conclusions & Recommendations Suggestions

39 40

History of Rail Transport: The history of rail transport dates back nearly 500 years and includes systems with man or horse power and rails of wood or stone. Modern rail transport systems first appeared in England in the 1820s. These systems, which made use of the steam locomotive, were the first practical forms of 2 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

mech me chan aniz ized ed land land tran transp spor ort, t, and and they they rema remain ined ed the the prim primar aryy form form of mechanized land transport for the next 100 years. As the colliery and quarry tram ways and wagon ways grew longer, the possibility of using the technology for the public conveyance of goods suggested itself. On 26 July 1803, Jessop opened the Surrey Iron Railway in south London - arguably, the world's first public railway, albeit a horsedrawn one. It was not a railway in the modern sense of the word, as it functione functioned d like a turnpike turnpike road. There There were no official official services, services, as anyone anyone could bring a vehicle on the railway by paying a toll. In 1812 Oliver Evans, an American engineer and inventor, published his vision of what steam railways could become, with cities and towns linked by a network of long distance railways plied by speedy locomotives, greatly reducing the time required for personal travel and for transport of goods. Evans specified that there should be separate sets of parallel tracks for trains going in different directions. Unfortunately, conditions in the infant United States did not enable his vision to take hold.


This vision had its counterpart in Britain, where it proved to be far more influential. William James, a rich and influential surveyor and land agent, was inspired by the development of the steam locomotive to suggest a national network of railways. It seems likely in 1808 James attended the demonstration running of Richard Trevithick’s steam locomotive Catch me who can in London; certainly at this time he began to consider the longterm term deve develo lopm pmen entt of this this me mean anss of tran transp spor ort. t. He was was resp respon onsi sibl blee for for pro propo posi sing ng a numb number er of proj projec ects ts that that late laterr came came to frui fruiti tion on,, and and he is cred credit ited ed with with carr carryi ying ng out out a surv survey ey of the the Live Liverp rpoo ooll and and Manc Manche hest ster er Railway. Unfortunately, he became bankrupt and his schemes were taken over by George Stephenson and others. However, he is credited by many historians with the title of "Father of the Railway". It was not until 1825 that the success of the Stockton and Darlington Railway proved that the railways could be made as useful to the general 4 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

shipping public as to the colliery owner. This railway broke new ground by using rails made of rolled wrought iron, produced at Bedlington Ironworks in Northumberland. Such rails were stronger. This railway linked the town of Darlington with the port of Stockton-on-Tees, and was intended to enable local collieries (which were connected to the line by short branches) to transport their coal to the docks. As this would constitute the bulk of the traffic, traffic, the company company took the important important step of offering offering to haul the colliery wagons wagons or chaldr chaldrons ons by locomo locomotiv tivee power, power, someth something ing that that requir required ed a scheduled or timetabled service of trains. However, the line also functioned as a toll railway, where private horse drawn wagons could be operated upon it. This curious hybrid of a system (which also included, at one stage, a horse drawn passenger wagon) could not last, and within a few years, traffic was restricted to timetabled trains. (However, the tradition of private owned wagons continued on railways in Britain until the 1960s.) The succes successs of the Stockt Stockton on and Darlin Darlingto gton n encour encourage aged d the rich rich investors of the rapidly industrializing North West of England to embark upon a project to link the rich cotton manufacturing town of Manchester with the thriving port of Liverpool. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first modern railway, in that both the goods and passenger traffic 5 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

was operated by scheduled or timetabled locomotive hauled trains. At the time of its construction, there was still a serious doubt that locomotives could could mainta maintain in a regula regularr servic servicee over over the distan distance ce involv involved. ed. A widely widely reported competition was held in 1829 called the Rain hill Trials, to find the most suitable steam engine to haul the trains. A number of locomotives were entered, including Novelty, Perseverance, and Sans Pareil. The winner was Step Stephe hens nson on's 's Rock Rocket et,, whic which h had had supe superi rior or stea steami ming ng qual qualit itie iess as a conseq consequen uence ce of the the instal installat lation ion of a multimulti-tub tubula ularr boiler boiler (sugge (suggeste sted d by Henry Booth, a director of the railway company). The promoters were mainly interested in goods traffic, but after the line opened on 15 September 1830, they found to their amazement that passenger traffic was just as remunerative. The success of the Liverpool and Manchester railway influenced the development of railways elsewhere in Britain and abroad. The company hosted many visiting deputations from other railway projects, and many railwaymen railwaymen received received their early training training and experience upon this line. It must be remembered that the Liverpool and Manchester line was still a short one (35 miles (56 km)), linking two towns within an English shire county. The world's first trunk line can be said to be the Grand Junction Railway, opening in 1837, and linking a mid point on the Liverpool 6 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

and Manchester Railway with Birmingham, by way of Crewe, Stafford, and Wolver Hampton.

Introduction of Railways in Subcontinent: The idea of a rail network was first thought of in 1847, with the possibility of Karachi becoming a major seaport. Sir Henry Edward Frere , who was appointed as the Commissionar of SindhS, sought permission from Lord Dalhousie to begin a survey for a Karachi Seaport and a survey for a railway line in 1858. The proposed railway line would be laid from Karachi (city) to Kotri. Kotri. A steamboat service steamboat service on the Indus and Chenab and Chenab rivers would connect Kotri to Multan and from there another railway line would be laid to Lahore to Lahore and beyond. On May 13th , 1861 the first railway line was opened to the public, betw betwee een n Kara Karach chii (cit (city) y) and and Kotr Kotri, i, with with a tota totall dist distan ance ce of 105 105 mile miless (169 km). By 1886, there were four railway companies operating in what would become become Pakistan. Pakistan. The Scinde Scinde ( Sindh Sindh ) Railways, Railways, Indian Flotilla Flotilla Company, Company, Punja Punjab b Railwa Railwayy and Delhi Delhi Railwa Railways. ys. These These were were amalga amalgamat mated ed into into the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railways Company and purchased by the Secretary of State for India in 1885, and in January 1886 formed the North Western


State Railways , which was later on renamed as North North Western Western Railway Railway (NWR). This would eventually become Pakistan Railways in 1947.

Another railway line between Karachi and Keamari and Keamari was opened on June 16th, 1889. In 1897, the line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled .

By 1898 as the network began to grow, another proposed railway line was in the works from Peshawar to Karachi. It closely followed the route taken by Alexander The Great and his army while marching through the Hindu Kush to the Arabian Sea. During the early 20th century, railway lines were also laid down between Peshawar and Rawalpindi and Rawalpindi to Lahore. Different sections on the existing main line from Peshawar and branch branch lines were constructed constructed in the last quarter of 19th century century and early 20th century.

In 1947, after Pakistan became an independent state, 1,947 route miles (3,133 km) of North Western Railways were transferred to Pakistan from British India.

In 1954, the railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada and Charsada , and in 195 1956 the the Jacobabad - Kashmore Kashmore 2 ft 6 in (762 (762 mm mm)) gauge line line was was converted into converted into broad gauge. gauge. In 1961, the Pakistani portion of North Western 8 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

Railways was renamed Pakistan Railways. The Kot The Kot AduAdu- Kashmore Kashmore line was constructed between 1969 and 1973 providing an alternative route from Karachi to northern Pakistan.

History of Pakistan Railways: Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of Transportation in the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer for Business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight.

The possibility of Karachi as a sea port was first noticed in the mid of 19th 19th cent centur uryy and and

Sir Sir Hen Henry ry Edwa Edward rd Frer Freree who who was was app appoi oint nted ed

Commissioner of Sind after its annexation with Bombay in 1847 sought per permi miss ssio ion n from from Lord Lord Dalh Dalhou ousi siee to begi begin n surv survey ey of sea sea port port.. He also also initia initiated ted the the survey survey for Railway Railway line in 1858 1858 .

It was propos proposed ed that a

railwa railwayy line line from from Karach Karachii City City to Kotri, Kotri, steam steam naviga navigatio tion n up the Indus /Chenab up to Multan and from there an other railway to Lahore and beyond be constructed.


It was on 13th May,1861 that first railway line was opened for public traffic between Karachi Karachi City and Kotri, Kotri, the distance of 105 miles. The line line between Karachi City and Keamari was opened on 16.6.1889.By 1897 the line from Keamari to Kotri was doubled. The railway line from Peshawar to Karachi Karachi closely closely follows follows Alexander Alexander’s ’s line of March through the HinduKush HinduKush to the sea.

Differ Different ent sectio sections ns on existing existing main main line from Peshaw Peshawar ar to

Lahore and Multan branch lines were constructed in the last quarter of 19th century and early years of 20th century.

The 4 sections i.e.Scinde railways, Indian Flotilla company Punjab railway and Delhi railways working in a single company were later on amalga amalgamat mated ed into into Scinde Scinde,, Punjab Punjab & Delhi Delhi railwa railways ys compan companyy and was purchased by the Secretary of State for India in 1885 and in January, 1886


it was named North Western State Railways which was later on renamed as North Western Railways. At the time of partition, North Western Railway’s 1847 1847 rout routee mile mile was was tran transf sfer erre red d to Indi India a leav leavin ing g rout routee mile miless 5048 5048 to Pakistan. In 1954 The railway line was extended to Mardan and Charsada section and in 1956 Jacababad-Kashmore 2’-6’’ line was converted into


broad

gauge.


Kot Kot AduAdu-Ka Kash shmo more re line line was was cons constr truc ucte ted d betw betwee een n 1969 1969 to 1973 1973 providing an alternate route from Karachi to up country.

Mission Statement: To prov provid idee a safe safe reli reliab able le,, mode modern rn,, effi effici cien entt and and cost cost effe effect ctiv ivee infrastructure to its customers: to contribute in building the economy of Pakistan and to look after the welfare of its employees.


Vission Statement:

•

Increasing share in freight and passenger market.

•

Restoring confidence of the passenger and trading community.

•

Development of human resource need base coupled with improvement and development of management, infrastructure and rolling stock.

•

Enc Encou oura rage ge priv privat atee sect sector or in publ public ic priv privat atee part partne ners rshi hip, p, both both for for development of infrastructure and train operations.

•

Diversify all its non-core activities to make them self-sustainable units.

Software: Programs consist of all the electronically encoded instructions that tell the computer hardware how to perform a task. Without software, hardware is useless.

These are of two types: 



System Software. Application Software.

What is System Software?


Systems software refers to the Operating System and utility programs (like (like Compil Compiler, er, Loader Loader,, Linke Linker, r, and Debugg Debugger) er) that that manage manage comput computer er reso resourc urces es at a low low leve level. l. Oper Operat atin ing g syst system ems, s, such such as GNU, GNU, Micr Micros osof oft t Windows, Mac OS X or Linux, are prominent examples of system software.

Syst System em soft softwa ware re is soft softwa ware re that that basi basica call llyy allo allows ws the the part partss of a comput computer er to work work togeth together. er. Withou Withoutt the system system softwa software re the comput computer er cannot operate as a single unit. In contrast to system software, software that allows you to do things like create text documents, play games, listen to music, or surf the web is called application software.

In general, application programs are software that enable the enduser to perform specific, productive tasks, such as word processing or image manipulation. System software performs tasks like transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display device.

System software is not generally what a user would buy a computer for, instead, it is usually the basics of a computer which come built-in. Application software is the programs on the computer when the user buys it. These programs may include word processors and web browsers.

System Software used in Pakistan Railways: 15 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

Most frequently used system software’s in Pakistan Railways are:



Microsoft Windows XP.



SCO UNIX 5.0.5



Red Hat Linux 7.2 & Advance Server 2.1



Windows 98



Windows 2000 Professional



Window XP Professional 2003



Windows 2000 Advance Server



Windows 2003 Server



Windows XP



Windows NT 4.0



IBM AIX

Oracle Collaboration Suite: Pakistan Railways has installed the latest office management tools named OCS OCS ( Oracle Collabor Collaboration ation Suite Suite ) widely and extensi extensively vely used world wide, this software, which is based, will help the management by 16 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

exchangin exchanging g the data on LAN and WAN, WAN, helping helping them to schedule schedule the day long activities in an organized way. The focus area of OCS is email sharing, Calendar, Calendar, File Transfer, Transfer, Ultra Search, Search, Web messages. messages. At present present mail box capacity has been fixed as 20 MB for each user, Which may be enhanced depending upon the requirements.


What is Application Software? 18 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

Application software is computer software designed to help the user per perfo form rm a part partic icul ular ar task task.. Such Such prog progra rams ms are are also also call called ed soft softwa ware re applications, applications or apps. Typical examples are word processors, spreadsheets, media players and database applications.

Appli Applicat cation ion softwa software re should should be contra contraste sted d with with system system softwa software re (infrastructure) or middleware (computer services/ processes integrators), which which is involv involved ed in integr integrati ating ng a comput computer' er'ss variou variouss capabi capabilit lities ies,, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. A simple, if imperfect analogy in the world of hardware would be the relationship of an electric light bulb (an application) to an elec electr tric ic powe powerr gene genera rati tion on plan plantt (a syst system em). ). The The powe powerr plan plantt me mere rely ly gen gener erat ates es elec electr tric icit ity, y, not not itse itself lf of any any real real use use unti untill harn harnes esse sed d to an application like the electric light that performs a service that benefits the user.

Miscellaneous Software Applications:


Directorate of Information Technology has developed the software listed below.

1. Pens Pensio ion n Syst System em.. 2. Statistica Statisticall System System ( Passenger, Passenger, Goods, Goods, Opera Operations tions). ). 3. Track Track Manag Manageme ement nt syste system m for IBU. IBU. 4. Electrical Electrical Billing Billing system system for for Commercial Commercial and and Residentia Residential. l. 5. Railwa Railwayy Employ Employees ees Card Card Syste System. m. 6. Accountin Accounting g System System for Benevolent Benevolent Fund Fund Organiza Organization tion.. 7. Lega Legall Sys Syste tem. m. 8. Advisemen Advisementt Management Management System System for Public Public Relation Relation Departme Department. nt. 9. Mon Monthl thly

Fina Financ nciial Rep Reporti orting ng Sys System tem

for for

the the

gene enerati ration on of

Computerized Tickets which includes Sales Summery and Military Concessions. 10.File Management, Inventory Management and Personnel System for Vigilance Directorate. 11.Billboard System for Marketing Directorate. 12.Website Upgraded. 13.Passenger Revenue Reporting System on the website.

Hardware:


Hardware, in the computer world, refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. There are many, many different kinds of hardware that can be installed inside and connected to the outside of a computer. However, there are several standard pieces of hardware that can be found as part of nearly every computer:

All the

machinery and equipment in a computer system is known as hardware. Pakistan Railway possesses one of the latest computers Technology among the other stations of pakistan.

Following are the details of computer hardware used by Pakistan Railway:


Servers: Server is a computer in a network that holds collections of data (datab (database ases) s) and progra programs ms for connec connectin ting g PCs, PCs, workst workstati ations ons,, and other other devices. Servers enable many users to share equipment, programs, and data. Nearly, 50 servers for various purposes are installed in head office.

Each Station has its own server, which is connected through VPN, DXX or other technology to one of the core offices’ (Karachi, Lahore, Khanewal and Islamabad) servers.

Following are the specifications of WAN servers used in Pakistan Railways:



Acer.



Dell.

Following are the specifications of LAN servers used in Pakistan Railways:



Acer Desktop.



Dell Desktop.



Raffles Desktop. 22 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

Sun System Desktops.



PCs: Branded as well as non-branded P-III & P-IV PCs are being used in the Pakistan Pakistan Railways Railways operation operational al and administra administration tion offices offices with following following specifications:



Dell Systems and Monitors



Acer Systems.



Non Branded Systems.



View Sonic Monitors.



Samsung Monitors.



LG Monitors.



Philips Monitors

Printers: Printers are output devices that produce text and graphics on paper. Ink jet and laser printers printers are used in the offices offices for providing providing print facility to staff and for printing work in administration Offices.



Hewlett Packard Printers. 23 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad



Zerox Printers.

Scanners: Fla Flatb tbed ed as well well as jet jet scan scanne ners rs are are used used in the the offi office cess to scan scan Customers Pictures, forms, documents etc.



Hewlett Packard Scanners.

Key Board and Mouse: The most frequently used pointing input devices are keyboard and mouse. Both branded and non branded keyboards and mouse are used in the Pakistan Railway offices.


Network Structure:

Pakistan Railway comprises 8,775 route km, 781 stations and 42 trains halts. It has a fleet of 546 diesel electric locomotives, 25,815 wagons and 2,099 2,099 passen passenger ger coache coaches. s. Mainte Maintenan nance ce is provid provided ed by three three major major 25 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

locomotive workshops and thirty-five smaller workshops. Signaling facilities at important stations are track circulated within interlocking limits. Most rout routes es have have VHF VHF radi radio o cove covera rage ge for for comm commun unic icat atio ion n betw betwee een n trai train n dispatchers and trains. Telephone Communication is over wire lines and microw microwave ave.. Freigh Freightt traffi trafficc during during the past past five five years years has averag averaged ed 5-6 million tones per annum. It was 15 million tones per annum in the 1960 but trucking has steadily taken over the freight market. The volume of freight traffic in 1995/96 was approximately 5.1 billion-km. PR carried about 145 million passengers per annum in the 1970 but during the past five years, it has dropped to 70 million per annum. However the average distance per kilometre has increased from 80 km in the 70's to about 260 km today. Competition from the inter-city bus services is increasing and only an efficient rail service will be able to increase its clientele. Pakistan Railways is multi system and operates on three gauges, i.e. broad gauge, meter-gauge and narrow gauge. The gauge wise route length and track length of Pakistan Railways on 30th June, 1996 were as under: Type of Route Broad Gauge Meter Gauge Narrow Gauge Total

Route KM

Track KM

7,71 7, 718 8 445 611 8774

11 ,344 11,3 44 55 5 72 6 12625 26

Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

Currently Pakistan Railways functions under the guidance of Ministry of Rail Railwa ways ys.. The The Rail Railwa wayy Boar Board d comp compri rise sess the the Chai Chairm rman an and and four four Memb Member ers. s. The The Chai Chairm rman an of the the Boar Board d is ex-o ex-off ffic icio io Secr Secret etar aryy to the the Government of Pakistan. The four member of the board, namely Member Traffic, Member Mechanical Engineering, Member Civil Engineering and Member Finance are ex-officio Additional Secretary to the Government of Pakistan. The Railway Board functions as a policy, planning and review Board. In order to make Pakistan Railways a more efficient and viable organi organizat zation ion by follow following ing busine business ss led approa approach, ch, a setup setup of Pakist Pakistan an Railways has been developed and wide powers are vested in the Board of effectively supervise the running of the six functional units as follows: a. Railways Operational Units. b. Produc Productio tion n Unit-I Unit-I (Carri (Carriage age factor factory/I y/Isla slama mabad bad,, Automa Automatic tic Vehicl Vehiclee

Launching Bride Section, Steel Shops etc). c. Pro Produ duct ctio ion n

Unit Unit-I -III

(Loc (Locom omot otiv ivee

Fact Factor ory, y,

Risa Risalp lpur ur,,

Loco Locomo moti tive ve

Rehabilitation Project). d. Productio Production n Unit-III Unit-III (Concrete (Concrete Sleeper Sleeper Factories, Factories, Flash Flash butt Welding Welding

Plant, Sukkur, etc.) e. RAILCOP (Railway Construction Company, Pakistan Ltd.) 27 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

f. PRACS (Pakistan Railway Advisory and Constancy Services Ltd.)

The The Ge Gene nera rall Mana Manage gerr head headss the the Rail Railwa wayy Oper Operat atio ion n unit unit.. The The remaining five units are headed by the Managing Directors who have full autonomy for the running of their respective units. All Functional units are accountable to the Railway Board. A Task Force on Pakistan Railways was constituted by the Prime Minister in March 1997, and was required to make specific recommendations for the rest restru ruct ctur urin ing g and and refo reform rm of rail railwa ways ys for for the the bala balanc nced ed and and cons consis iste tent nt development

of

the

railroad

sector.

The

Task

Force

submitted

recommendations in April 1997.

Modernization Activities: The majo majorr em emph phas asis is of Paki akistan stan Rail ailways ways has has been een on the the replacement of overage assets. Due to resource constraint, however, it is now engaged in modernizing certain areas as best as it can. These include the following:i. To ensure more comfortable journey it has been decided to manufacture

only lower class air-conditioned coaches in future. ii. All second class coaches are being provided with cushioned seats. iii. Reservation work has been computerized on modern lines at Lahore and

Karachi

stations;

the

system's

two

major

reserv ervation

centres. 28


Comp Comput uter eriz izat atio ion n

of

rese reserv rvat atio ion n

offi office cess

of

Pesh Peshaw awar ar,,

Rawa Rawalp lpin indi di,,

Fais Faisal alab abad ad,, Mult Multan an and and Hy Hyde dera raba bad d is in prog progre ress ss and and is like likely ly to be commissioned shortly. The steps are now underway to link these stations with other major railway stations. iv. Closed Closed circui circuitt televi televisio sions ns have have been been introd introduce uced d at Lahore Lahore,, Karach Karachi, i,

Mult Multan an and and Fais Faisal alab abad ad rail railwa wayy stat statio ions ns.. This This ente entert rtai ainm nmen entt is bein being g extended to Sukkur, Rawalpindi and Peshawar stations in the next phase. Subak Kharam and Shalimar trains have also been provided with closed circuit televisions and this system is being provided in Subak Raftar also. v. Public address system is being provided in Subak Raftar, Subak Kharam,

Tezgam and Khyber Mail trains. vi. Mode Modern rniz izat atio ion n of Kara Karach chi, i, Quet Quetta ta,, Hy Hyde dera raba bad, d, Mult Multan an,, Laho Lahore re,,

Fais Faisal alab abad ad,, Rawa Rawalp lpin indi di and and Pesh Peshaw awar ar Rail Railwa wayy stat statio ions ns,, remo remova vall of hindrances on railway platforms and upgradation of approach roads are being carried out. vii. Private Sector is being encouraged to participate in the activities of the sys syste tem. m. As a firs firstt step step,, tick ticket et sell sellin ing g and and tick ticket et chec checki king ng on Laho Lahore re- Faisalabad and Lahore-Narowal-Sialkot Sections have been privatized. (viii). Feasibility study for a high-speed track is in hand.

Development Schemes: 29 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

The The Paki Pakist stan an Rail Railwa ways ys has has prop propos osed ed majo majorr repl replac acem emen entt and and rehabilitation schemes for the forthcoming five year plan. An amount of Rs. 40 billion has been allocated for ongoing and new works. The major physical components which would be completed during the Plan period includes: i. Doub Doubli ling ng of trac trackk from from Lodh Lodhra ran n to Pesh Peshaw awar ar (800 (800 Km) Km) to ensu ensure re

sustained improvement in the turn round time of rolling stock and motive power; ii. Manufacture of 51 locomotives; iii. Rehabilitation of 101 diesel electric locomotives; iv. Manufacture of 175 new design light-weight passenger coaches; v. Equipping 7000 wagons with roller bearing; vi. Revamping of 14 electric locomotives; vii. Procurement of 1400 high capacity wagons; viii. Procurement of 50 wagon movers; ix. Introduction of Management Information System; x. Improvement and Rehabilitation Rehabilitation of track to cater for high speeds; xi. Teleco Telecommu mmunic nicati ation on and Signal Signaling ing Networ Networkk on main main and import important ant

branch lines


Pakistan Railways (reporting mark PR) is a national state-owned rail transport service of Pakistan, head-quartered in Lahore. It is administered by the federal government under the Ministry of Railways. PR prov provid ides es an impo import rtan antt mode mode of tran transp spor orta tati tion on thro throug ugho hout ut Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line of the country", by aiding in large scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan. The current chairman is Sami-ul-Haq Khilji. .1.

An efficient efficient transport transportation ation system system plays plays a vital vital role in the economic economic

deve develo lopm pmen entt of a coun countr tryy Mass Massiv ivee inve invest stme ment nt and and deve develo lopm pmen entt of infrastructure is essential for sustainable economic growth. 2.

Paki Pakist stan an has has a natu natura rall geogeo-st stra rate tegi gicc loc locatio ation n at the the perip eriphe herral of

South Asia and Central Asia. In the south, the Arabian Sea forms a gateway to the vast Eurasia hinterland and makes Pakistan a shortest route for transit trade to the Central Asian Republics (CARs). Indian trade to the region region,, in an econom economica ical/c l/conv onveni enient ent manner manner,, is also also depend dependent ent on the availability of passage through Pakistan. 3.

Pakist Pakistan’ an’ss prim primary ary traffi trafficc move movers rs Rail Railway wayss as as well well as Road Road are are

concentrated along the South North Corridor linking the Central and the Northern part of the country with Ports and commercial hubs in the south. 31 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

4 .

In a rap rapid idly ly gro growi wing ng eco econo nomy my lik likee Paki Pakist stan an,, the the need need for for a rel relia iabl blee

integrated transport is acutely felt. The raison d’etre of railways primarily exists for mass transport; where it can be economically viable to survive as a competitive business. Pakistan Railways (PR) has a definite edge over Roads for long haul and Mass Traffic movement both for passengers and freight in addition to a safe, economical and environmental friendly mode of transport. 5.

PR is a Public Public Sector Sector Organizat Organization ion and provides provides service service through through an

obligation (PSO) relying on the back up support of the Government. A long beginning since 1861 it once occupied a principal position in land transport in the past. 6 .

Pakistan’s transportation network, albeit not as modern and efficient

as that of developed developed countries, countries, is considerab considerably ly more efficient efficient than it was a deca decade de ago ago and and the the grow growth th in dema demand nd for for tran transp spor orta tati tion on serv servic ices es is considerably higher than the GDP. PR is the only enterprise which provides rail services in the country yet much is required of the planners enabling rail transport to catch up with time. 7.

The scale of PR historic historic debts, exorbitant exorbitant escalating escalating fuel prices, pay

& pens pensio ion n hike hikess and and loss loss maki making ng pass passen enge gerr serv servic ices es are are sign signif ific ican ant t


constraint constraintss limiting limiting scope of investmen investmentt for infrastruc infrastructural tural and services services development. 8.

The total road infrastructure stretches 260,000 km of which 60% is

paved. Road density is 0.32 km/km. An increase of 15.4% has been achieved since 1996-97. 9.

The main arteries along the corridor are the 1819 km long N-5 which

serves 80% of Pakistan’s urban population and carries 65% of intercity traffic and the Indus Highway (N-55) an access free, 4 lanes divided facility with a capacity of 66,000 Passenger Car Units (PCUs) per day. 10.

During 1990-2005 railways share in the freight sector declined from

14% to 4.2%. It did register a recovery in 2000-01 when its freight traffic grew by over 20% as against an average decline of 4.4% in 1990’s. 11.

Road transport system makes up 90 percent of passenger and 96

percent of freight movement. National Highways and Motorways network. (10,849 (10,849 km) constitute constitute 4.2% of the road network network and carries carries 90 percent of Pakistan’s total traffic.


Database and Backup Management: Organizational data such as customers, financial records and other sensitive information is critical to the operation of a business. Ensuring that your information is protected and running as efficiently as possible is a difficult task for most IT departments. Pakistan Railways has experienced engineers that are required to ensure that the mission-critical information stored in databases is readily available regardless of any situation.

Automatic database backup: 34 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

A database may become unusable unusable due to a wide variety variety of hardware hardware or software failures. Automatic database backup simplifies database backup management tasks for the DBA by always ensuring that a recent full backup of the database is performed as needed. It determines the need to perform a backup operation based on one or more of the following measures: •

You have never completed a full database backup.

•

The time elapsed since the last full backup is more than a specified number of hours.

•

The transaction log space consumed since the last backup is more than a specified number of 4 KB pages (in archive logging mode only).

•

Protect your data by planning and implementing a disaster recovery str strat ateg egyy for for your your syst system em.. If suit suitab able le to your your need needs, s, you you may may incorporate the automatic database backup feature as part of your backup and recovery strategy.

•

If the database is enabled for roll-forward recovery (archive logging), then automatic database backup can be enabled for either online or offline backup. Otherwise, only offline backup is available.

•

Automatic database backup supports disk, tape, Tivoli(R) Storage Manager (TSM), and vendor DLL media types. 35 Federal Urdu University of Arts,Science and Technology Islamabad

•

Through the Configure Automatic Maintenance wizard in the Control Center or Health Center, you can configure: 1. The requeste requested d time or number number of log pages pages between between backups backups.. 2. The The bac backu kup p med media ia.. 3. Whether Whether it will will be an online online or or offline offline backup backup.. If If back backup up to disk disk is sele select cted ed,, the the auto automa mati ticc back backup up feat featur uree will will

regularly delete backup images from the directory specified in the Configure Autom Automati aticc Mainte Maintenan nance ce wizard wizard.. Only Only the most most recent recent backup backup image image is guaranteed to be available at any given time. It is recommended that this directory be kept exclusively for the automatic backup feature and not be used to store other backup images.


The automatic database backup feature can be enabled or disabled by usin using g

the the

auto auto_d _db_ b_ba back ckup up and and

auto auto_m _mai aint nt data databa base se conf config igur urat atio ion n

parameters. In a partitioned database environment, the automatic database backup backup runs runs on each each databa database se partit partition ion if the databa database se config configura uratio tion n parameters are enabled on that database partition.

Database Services: Database backup strategy design •

Disaster recovery planning

•

Accidental data-loss recovery

Database Maintenance and Performance Analysis •

Query Performance Optimization

•

Database Schema Performance Optimization

•

Database De-Fragmenting

•

Growing, Shrinking or Purging Databases

•

Moving Databases


Database Migrations: •

Migrate databases to a new server

•

Migr Migra ate any data databa base se to or from rom any any of thes hese popu popula lar r databases

•

My SQL

•

Microsoft SQL Server

•

Oracle

•

DB/2

•

Progress 38


Security of Data: Security is a balance between maintaining the ease of use of resources in the organi organizat zation ion and contro controlli lling ng access access to those those resour resources ces.. Puttin Putting g together a security program that restricts both users and attacks can be time consuming and costly. A security program that pushes the balance too far toward toward contro controll may disgru disgruntl ntlee users users with with polici policies es that that limit limit them them from from


effectively doing their work. Following are some methods adopted by BUL in this context:



Authentication of servers.




Hardware Firewall is used.




Software firewall is used.






Backup Persons can only take backups. Online Backup.




Tapes and DVD’s are kept under heavy security.

Online Presence:




Online Online Ticketing Ticketing and Reserva Reservation tion system system for Passenge Passengers rs 24

hours. 

Online booking system.



Online Cargo Service.


Conclusion & Recommendations: Recommendations:

A mana manage geme ment nt info inform rmat atio ion n syst system em is a syst system em or proc proces esss that that provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively. MIS and the information it generates are generally considered essential components of prudent and reasonable business decisions. This This repo report rt disc discus usss

all all the the acti activi viti ties es that that the the Mana Manage geme ment nt

Inf Infor orma mati tion on Syst System em perf perfor orm m in our our sele select cted ed orga organi niza zati tion on “Pak “Pakis ista tan n Railways”. The The repo report rt star startt with with the the whol wholee histor historyy of Rail Rail transp transport ort,, introduction of Rail transport in Subcontinent and the Background of the Beginning Rail transport in Pakistan. The details of Hardware and Software used at Pakistan Railways are also also disc discus usse sed d in the the repo report rt of us. us. Paki Pakist stan an Rail Railwa ways ys have have thei theirr own own National base website for their customers.


Suggestions: •

T he he Rail services should be improved and must be provided to the

Passenger in time. •

The salaries of the employees should should be reasonable. reasonable.

•

There should be screening of employees because the no. of employees working is more than required.

•

Overal Overalll system system should should be comput computeri erized zed to save save time, time, money money and reso resour urce cess of the the Orga Organi niza zati tion on.. Paki Pakist stan an Rail Railwa ways ys must must have have to introduce automation in its processes and improve MIS system.

•

The The HR depa depart rtme ment nt of the the Paki Pakist stan an Rail Railwa ways ys is not not play playin ing g an effective role. Proper arrangement should be made for professionals by issu issuin ing g deta detail iled ed job job desc descri ript ptio ion n and and job job spec specif ific icat atio ion n to get get maximum profit from them.

•

Pakist Pakistan an Railwa Railways ys should should decrea decrease se its Servic Servicee rent rent becaus becausee in present

environment

Organization

can

retain

its

Passengers(Customers) through this strategy.


Pakistan Railways Project

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