BY SIR JAMES W. REDHOUSE, K, C. M. G., LL. D., M. R. A. S., &c. &c. &c.
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1987
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И AV < I b J ^ ^ A J "
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A
TURKISH AND ENGLISH LEXICON SHEWING IN ENGLISH THE
SIGNIFICATIONS
OF
THE
TURKISH TERMS
BY SIR JAMES W . REDHOUSE, K . C. M. G., LL. Ü . , M. R. A. S., &c. &c. &c.
j^S^i^j 1 1П 3s>y
4-1»- SÜjUÜ «Ц-*^ -Ц- ГЛ J r - r J , ^ ipi?: Г'
J^aJjI 4I J J jxs^k j У л - ' СД^^п JjU»»
PRINTED FOR THE AMERICAN MISSION
BY A. H. BOYAJIAN
CONSTANTINOPLE 1890
PUBLISHER'S
NOTICE
The Turkish. Lexicon of Sir James Redhouse, which is now placed before the public, will speak for itself of the great acquirements and patient labors of its eminent author. A special statement on the part of the Committee of Publication is however due to the author, since the full fruit of his laborious preparation of manuscript for this Lexicon does not appear in the work as now published. A large amount of recondite and extremely interesting and valuable information concerning the History, Biography, Geography, and Religious practices of the peoples of Western Asia, was contained in the manuscript, which the Committee have been compelled to omit in publication. Limitations as to space imperatively demanded this regrettable sacrifice of material, which equals in the aggregate several hundred pages. The Lexicon has undoubtedly suffered by reason of the impossibility of rhe author's presence in Constantinople during the process of publication, since not only the excision of the parts referred to, but the verification of many idioms and technical expressions have been confided necessarily to the Committee. For aid in this and other parts of its onerous undertaking the Committee is under unusual obligations to H. H. Ahmed Yefiq Pasha. It should be noted here that the Publication Committee alone is responsible for the system of orthography of English words which is followed. The long delay which has attended the publication of this great work has been partly due to its inherent difficulties, and partly to outside causes which could not be foreseen. On behalf of the Publication Committee of the Mission of the American Board, / H E N R Y 0 . DwitHx
PREFACE l a the spring of 1855, the author of the present Turkish and English Lexicon published a "Vade-mecum of Ottoman Colloquial Language", iu the Preface of which he promised to prepare, "for the information of those who may wish afterwards to penetrate deeper into the arcana of this really beautiful tongue a series of more complete and scientific works". That book was written in the usual European characters only, as it was intended for the use of our army and navy, then cooperating with our ancient and most faithful ally the Sultan-Caliph of the Ottoman Empire, unjustly attacked by Russia. In the year 1856, Mr. Quaritch, of 15, Piccadilly, London, engaged me to prepare a dictionary of the two languages, English and Ottoman Turkish, in two parts, English-Turkish and Turkish-English, the Turkish to be shown in its native characters, with a transliteration explaining the pronunciation in English letters. This work was also designed chiefly for the use of our naval, military, and civil officers in the East. It was to be prepared as quickly as possible, and to contain a vocabulary of about ten thousand words in each part. If I remember rightly, it was written and published, complete, in about four or five mouths time. In 1879, Dr. Charles Wells, with my ready consent, and even urging, edited a second edition of this Dictionary, with such additions to the vocabulary as he and Mr. Quaritch arrranged between them. I here bear my testimony, with great pleasure, to the correctness and rapidity with which Dr. Wells achieved his task, for which, doubtless, many will be thankful to him. In the year I860, or earlier, an Anglo-Turkish Committee was formed in London for the purpose of assisting the American Missionaries resident in Turkey to prepare other works that should more especially facilitate to Turks, and other subjects of the Sultan, the acquisition of our language. An English-Turkish Lexicon from my pen, as complete as it could be made, was felt by the Missionaries to be one of the chief desiderata. Funds were being looked up for the purpose, when William Wheelwright, Esq., of Newburyport, Massachusetts, United States of America, then temporarily resident in London, most generously offered to bear the whole expense of that work, up to the sum of two thousand pounds. The compilation and printing of the Lexicon occupied about eight months of the most persevering labour, and the whole edition, with the copyright aud stereotype plates, was presented by Mr. Wheelwright, as his free gift, to the American Mission at Constantinople. The English-Turkish Lexicon contains a vocabulary of about 47,000 English words explained in Turkish in all their various uses and senses, as far as possible; together with the compound terms, and the more usual phrases connected with the leading vocables. It contains also a sketch of English grammar, written in Turkish. That Lexicon was an instalment of the author's promise, given in his Vade-mecum (of which a second edition was published in 1877 by Trübner & Co., of London), to prepare " a series of more complete and scientific works" for the public use. But England was never aroused to take any interest in the numerous improvements that had been initiated in Turkey. In fact, all such im-
xi
provements were ignored and systematically denied by public writers and speakers, in and out of parliament, in and out of office. Any call for a fellow volume to the Wheelwright Lexicon was never existent here, and nothing could be attempted in the way of publishing one. The Author had been sounding in various directions to see whether a Turkish-English Lexicon could not be launched, worthy to take place beside the Wheelwright gift; but no response was met with here. Hope had been laid aside, when a visit was made to the author, in the summer of 1878, by the Rev. Dr. E. E. Bliss, of the American Mission at Constantinople. To him was mentioned the utter want of success that had attended the proposal to publish such a work. Dr. Bliss saw the utility of the idea, mooted it to his brother Missionaries on his return home, and the result is now before the reader. To Dr. Bliss is the credit due of first welcoming the proposal; to the Committee of Publication of the American Mission at Constantinople belongs the satisfaction of having supported him, and of having trustfully undertaken to bring out the work. May it prove in their hands an instrument to effect as much good as the effort of one generation can look for. It was computed that the work would contain about 100,000 Turkish words of Turkish, Arabic, Persian, and European origin, iıı the Turkish character, with their pronunciation in European letters, their various significations, and as many usual compounds and phrases as could be collected. Four years sufficed for the preparation of the manuscript of about 93,000 words. In compiling the present work. I have taken the vocabularies of Bianchi, Zenker, and Vefiq as my guides, adding many a necessary word from other sources, and occasionally consulting Golius, Meninski, Freytag, and Lane, as well as the Calcutta Arabic Qamus, the Turkish Qamus, a Persian Qamus, a manuscript Sihah, the Persian Surah, Vanqulu, the SherefNama, Jihangiri, Burhan, Shu'uri, Reshidi, the Bahari-'Ajem, and the Giyasu-'l-lugat; not forgetting my own former compilation, entitled Muntakhabati-Lugati-Osmaniyya, written in 1838-41; a beautiful copy of which, in manuscript, paid for jointlv bv my friends Gen. Sir W.F.Williams,Bart. G. C. B. of Kars, Gen. Sir Collingwood Dickson, G. C. B., and Sir Patrick Colquhouu, Kt., Q. C., was presented in my name to H. I. M. Sultan Abdu-'l-Mejid in 1846, which was lithographed and published in Constantinople by Mr. A. Churchill, proprietor of the Jeride'i-Hawadis in 1853, and the holograph original of which was, in that year, in London, presented to H. R. H. the Late Prince Consort by his Equerry,General Sir W . Wylde, K. C. B., at the request of Sir W . F. Williams, and is preserved in the Private Library of his late Royal Highness at Buckingham Palace. This work has passed through many editions at Constantinople. It contains a selection of about 26,000 Arabic and Persian words, culled by me from Turkish authors, and many of which are not found in the lexicons. Zenker does not mention this work among his authorities. It was published anonymously at the recommendation of Ali Pasha, then Minister of Foreign affairs; and perhaps for this reason is passed over in silence. I can trace many of my additions and explanations in the excellent work of Zenker; and am quite sure that very meritorious writer would have mentioned me, had he known that this book was mine; as he frequently does, when quoting from my Quaritch volume. For this courtesy m y best thanks are due to him and are here cordially offered. The older European works above mentioned are too well known to require comment. Bianchi is almost entirely an abstract from Meninski, including even the gross blunder of the latter, by which misquoting d'Herbelot, lie makes ^ Ü l mean "a saviour", but whicj? is avoided by
XI1 Zenker. The work by this last-named author is rich in proofs of great pains-taking. He has done what I have long practised, and what has matte Vefiq's work all the more copious; namely, he has extracted from the Turkish Qamus, etc., numerous Turkish words, and has explained them by means of their Arabic equivalents. I have done my best after an absence from Turkey of more than thirty years, during the whole of which I have been engaged in lexicography, and can only hope my work will be found, taking it ail in all, not unequal to its predecessors. Its chief recommendation to English-speaking students is that it is explained in English. By all who consult it, I hope it will be found useful. London, November,
1890
J. W.
REDHOUSE
THE TRANSLITERATION OF OTTOMAN WORDS. The system of orthography used in this Lexicon in the transliteration of Ottoman words, is briefly explained as follows : L THE CONSONANTS No. Characters
Equivalent 1 . 1 » Iiem7.o, i b bu, 1>о, I po. V 1 1 t til, t f ' . t 1 s .su, s e , t İ^r . J Names
1
1
1. ^ *9 hboli£,„ i
2
/. з!
!>.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
>
VİJ
Cj
•20. Ь 21. t 22. t
J
dal,
23. ch as in church 24. h 25. hh 26. d 27.
J
zül.
z
J
П, 1 sse. 1 zho 1 SIX1, l
c Г' t c
J
J 1.Г
\J"
a" 18. J" 19. J* 17.
No. Characters
cln m . i
ьа.
Jttaİ,
sum, 1 sut, I
r z zh s sh s z, rarely d t, in some words of Turkish origin only d
28.
>J 3 â û i!
29. J 30. f 31.
32. 33. 34.
0
3 &
ıS
Names 2 7Л. .I
ayn,
gûyıı
» fo
Equivalents
Z e
g , in some words of Turkish origin gh r
îıâf 9 'J k Jıâf kaf I fârsi g Jıâf, y in Turkish words onlv sâghlr n i n îi, İli Turk İSİİ words only 1 I lam, 1 m mim, 1 nuıı n wâw V, sometimes w 1 İye h I yo
У
A peculiarity in the transliteration of the consonant I in some Arabic words is as follows: An initial I of any Arabic word (or syllable) is essentially a consonantal hemze (•); that is, it is followed by a vowel in the same syllable. It is of two kinds, the one called the ^Wİl :>»» (the hemze of severance) and the other the (the hemze of junction). These two kinds of 1 differ in transliteration. (a) . In Arabic words beginning with this letter which are adopted into Turkish, the consonantal nature of the hemze ıs ignored, and its vowel alone is considered; so that in practice, the hemze as an initial to words used in Turkish may be treated as a vowel. Thus the words J->l, , and , are transliterated in this Lexicon as âsi. isiâm, and ûsûı; being divested of the sign which properly should represent the consonantal hemze. (b) J~»jJI:>4> . The name of this kind of hemze implies that the word of which it is the initial letter is joined to the one which precedes it. This junction is effected by making the last consonant of the preceding word form one syllable by means of its vowel with the consonant following the hemze of junction. This hemze is therefore elided m pronunciation. For example, in the name the first letter of the definite article JI is a hemze of junction. The preceding word -м> (*£ъл when standing alone) has to be pronounced ' â b a â . 'Аъа1. 'âbda, according to its grammatical construction, the first (nominative case) being the form commonly used by the Turks in pronouncing words of this class. Eliding in
xiv
pronunciation the hemze of junction, the full name is read "äbaü-'ı-qäair. The usual European orthography of such Arabic names, where the first elements are written Abdul or Abd-e!, is erroneous and ungrammatical. İn this Lexicon the apostrophe is used in such cases to transliterate the elided hemze of junction; (IS ıjljJ^ -M1 'atodû- r-rezssaçı, üt-Jl^vai » a s r û - ' d - d î n . The reason for the choice of q to represent the letter j , is the fact that q historically represents that letter. Comparing our alphabet with the Semitic alphabets of the J**-) order, they will be found to correspond in arrangement. corresponds witli a, b, c, d, when it is admitted that c is abnormal, representing in fact the Semitic (Comp. a, p, ү, 8). Examining the two words zJ^J^aiiu. of the J^I formula, we see that ^ is rejected, corresponds with o,
The Ottoman Turkish language possesses sixteen vowel sounds; eleven short, and five long. These are represented in transliteration in this Lexicon by the following sigus: â as in far I as in bird a as in war i as in machine » as in ashore I as i broad, (qirät) a as in pan o as in so a as in far, broad, (âsmân) i as iıı rule â as in war, broad, (nâfL) » as in French tu 0 as in met i as in fur 1 as in did k as in rude These various sounds are expressed in Turkish writing, though in a defective manner, by the use of the Arabic vowel points and letters of prolongation, and by certain other devices, as follows: (a) The Arabic
vowels.
The Arabic language has three short and three long vowels recognized and marked. The short vowels may be indicated by three special signs; viz. 1. (") fet-nâ ^ (an opening). This sign is called ustAn in Turkish. 2. ( J k e s r i . ^ Г (a breaking) called ^ e s e r i in Turkish; and 3. (>) ZUMMA (a folding to), called J J / J L A T U R I i n Turkish. These signs
XV
aı-e called (movements) by the Arabs, but by Europeans they are commonly called vowel points. The fetha and kesre signs have two values. With a soft consonant the fetha has the value of e, and with a hard consonant, that of â- With a soft consonant kesre has the value of i and with a hard consonant, that of Î. The zamma sign has the value of A. The Arabic long vowels are represented by the letters i , 3 , and ^ , which, when thus used are called letters of prolongation. These letters correspond respectively with the vowel points; thus in the Arabic word V1! laâto. the I is used in prolongation of the fetha of the initial consonant; in ifr Jînı the j prolongs the kesre of the initial ^ ; and in i>y »An the s prolongs the zamma of the initial ; . These three vowel letters can never be reduplicated. These letters of prolongation were naturally received and used in Persian and Turkish when the use of the Arabic characters was adopted for those languages. In Persian the Arabic rules have been more strictly adhered to, the letters of prolongation being used to indicate long vowels only, with two exceptions : (1) A short vowel at the beginning of a Persian word may be represented by \ , which is read a. e. i, or A. as the word requires. (2) The Persian pronoun / to. and numeral >>di are written with ^ although the vowel is short. In Turkish the letters of prolongation have been used with scant regard to the Arabic usage. On the adoption of the Arabic characters, the Turks already possessed books written in the Syriac character, in perpendicular columns after the Chinese fashion, and with the Syriac letters of prolohgation used as short vowels. It was natural therefore that when they began to use the Arabic characters they should carry out their old system of expressing nearly every vowel, by recourse to the Arabic lelters of prolongation. To this day, Turkish as written beyond the Oxus abounds in the three long vowel letters used to represent short vowels. Among the Western Turkish tribes, however, the Arabic rules had greater influence. Since it is doubtful whether a distinctly long vowel exists in any truly Turkish word, Turkish was written in Western Asia under Arabian influence without use of the letters of prolongation. The result of this was that in the old Ottoman documents, Turkish words very different in pronunciation and sense, are found written exactly alike, constituting an enormous difficulty to the reader. This difficulty was so evident that the system of Ottoman orthography was gradually changed. The " h a r d " and "'soft" pairs of consonants were resorted to as far as possible, in order to distinguish between words of similar sound; and the Arabic letters of prolongation were used as far as it was deemed absolutely necessary, to represent Turkish short vowels. Hence in Ottoman Turkish, these letters have become mere vowels, with no idea of prolongation about them, and they are put into a word or syllable, almost at the option of the writer, merely to assist the reader. (b) The letter ( Î ) The sign medd ( " ) was devised by the Arabian grammarians to be used over each of the letters of prolongation to show that they are not consonants, and especially to be placed over a vowel 1 when followed by a consonant hemze in the same word; as in Jffe qs'ii. It was next utilized to mark an \ made to do duty for a consonant hemze followed by a long vowel 1 ; as in the word mâ'âı. for J b . The sign was regarded by the Persians as equivalent to II, and was adopted to distinguish their long vowel \ as an initial from the short vowel 1, without regard to Arabian rules; as in etc. It thus passed into use among Ottoman writers to
xvi
designate the broad sound of I as an initial in Turkish words. words therefore T bas the value of a (5?) a (a?) L
In Turkish
(c) 3\ and (it Having the impression that T is the equivalent of the combination U, it was easy for Turkish writers to reason that the combinations jl and ^ could be used to express other broad vowel sounds. W e find then 3 \ in use, with the values o, i . i . u, and , witlı the values i (I) * (!). (d) The Letter » W h e n an Arabic word closes a seutence or stands alone, the case endings are omitted in pronunciation. In feminine nouns so placed and ending in the consonant A , not only the case ending that follows this final consonant, but the consonant itself is suppressed in the pronunciation. The short vowel of the consonant which precedes this final feminine *• is always fetha, and becomes in consequence of this suppression the final sound of such words. This explains how the short quasi vowel letter A arose in Arabic at first. It was adopted by the Persians as a real final short vowel having the sound of â or e. Since compound words abound in Persian, and since the first word often ends in the letter A final, the early Turkish writers found this letter placed in the middle of Persian words, and disregarding the rule by which it js a final only, they boldly used it as a short vowel whether medial or final. It is commonly used in Turkish as the soft vowel of which ' is the hard counterpart. In some cases however, the two are equivalent and interchangeable. In a few Persian words the final vowel a has the value of i; as a- s {. ^jti.etc. (e) The kesre of subjmiction In Persian, when a noun governs another noun, a kesre vowel is borne by the final letter in pronunciation, without being written. This kesre of subjunclion indicates that the first noun governs the second, either in virtual genitive as a substantive, or in apposition with itself, as an adjective. Wheu the governing word ends in vowel t or 3 a consonant ^ is added to it in order to support the kesre. When the governing word ends in vowel A a hemze is placed after it in order to support the kesre; thus - . If the governing word ends in a vowel ^ it is converted in pronunciation into a consonant
According to the law of vowel harmony, which rules all the languages of the Turkish family, if the dominant consonant be of the hard class, all the following consonants and all the vowels of the word must be either hard or neutral; and if the dominant is of the soft class, the other consonants and the vowels must be either soft or neutral. This law is also observed as far as possible in the inflection of Arabic and Persian words used in Turkish; so that when Turkish terminations are added to any such word, the consonants and vowels of the termination are dominated by the last consonant or the vowel of the last syllable of the word. The hard consonants are the following: J<>, -Ь, ü , ^ . The soft consonants are the following: j , J, i), » . The neutrals are 1, jr, 0, j ,
^чВГ J L . •J •
c
f
A LEXICON T U R K I S H AND E N G L I S H . Sbort -rowels Sar,
1 ! I
wâr,
ashore,
pan. met.
2 2 2
did, toird. so. r u l e , tu. (Frenob),
Long
1
fSr (äsmän), w a r (lıHfız). machine,
vowels
1
2
2
2 i
. 2 i.
fur.
~
(zır), î (qlrat). rude (usul). — n nasal. \
T. I eiif. First letter of the Turkish nically called letters of prolongation. When I is a medial letter, it always alphabet. Commonly called Ьөшге also; though this is not really correct has one of the first two sounds of a, in any word not originally Arabic. and is always long in words of AraAs an initial letter, it takes all bic or Persian origin; unless, in case the eleven vowel sounds, and, in of an Arabic word, it be then marked Turkish, is always a vowel, as it is with a hemze sign over it, I . It is also in Persian. In Arabic, on thethen a quiescent < consonant ending a contrary, it is, as an initial, always syllable; as, J t / t -teVii. In Arabic a consonant, being the sp-iritus lenis words, as a medial, a n 1 may be of the Greek, as its harsher fellow, marked by a sign of prolongation, I . is the spiritus asper of that tongue. It then begins a new syllable, and is For the first five vowel sounds, the equivalent to two letters l , j ) n e radinitial \ requires no addition to itself, ical, the other servile', as, ü ^ m a s i . unless when, in the first two only, it In words of Turkish origin, a medial I is made long. In this case, the sign is not always long. In fact, i t may of prolongation, , named m e d a , is be doubted or denied that real Turksometimes figured over it, T, in writ- ish words, of Turkish origin, ever ing and in printing. More frequently, have a long vowel. however, this sign is omitted. When As a final letter, S always has one the I is to be, as an initial, p r o - of the first two a sounds. In words nounced with either of the two sounds of Turkish origin, it is always, or genof i, it is sometimes followed b y a erally short, but is always long in vowel letter j , the two together ma- Persian words. In Arabic \words it king, in reality, but one letter. The may, as a final, be either long! or short, two are never to be considered a correctly ana grammatically; but in diphthong, that peculiarity being un- use, it is then always taken to be known in Turkish. When, again, the long in Turkish. The difference in Arinitial, is to be pronounced with abic is very great in the two cases any one of the four remaining vowel thus degraded into one in Turkish, sounds of o or it, it is sometimes fbln as in Persian. A grammatically short lowed by a vowel letter 3 , these two,, final I, in Arabic, is sometimes so then, making also one vowel 1еШг,1 written; as, I» mâ, b u t sometimes as far as pronunciation is concerned. it is figured as a letter j ; thus, These two following vowels are short j j b tubâ, h û s n â . Such Arabic in Turkish words; in Arabic and Per- words are, when used in Turkish or sian words they are long, beiogtech- Persian, generally written , ^ ,
*
( 2 )
1
S ashore, pan. 4 1 1did, 2b i r d1 f aI r , I-war, met. . so.1 r u l e2, t u (French), fзu r .
tk, (SsmSn), w a r (Hafız), machine, (zır) , î (qırat). гВве (usul). — ä nasal.
A. .-И EB. s. A father. ->•=- y V from father, from grandfather; i. e., ancestrally (received or descended in past time). N. B. W h e n this word governs another noun in an Arabic phrase, and is itself in the nominative, it is written and pronounced y} ; when itself in the genitive, j ) ; and when itself in the accusative, V ; thus AbS-Векг, of A b i - B o k r , JyV (I saw, etc.) А ъ в - в к г . Frequently, the i is then dropped; the compounds then become: >>. » , j., ; for •>< j}} accus. o f . whence the father of теаа, ваумм. A. къ,ргор. n. August (the month; taken from the Syriac). P. gb, s. 1. Water. 2. Liquid, fluid. 3. Artificially prepared or distilled water. 4. Rain. 5. A sea, lake, or great river. 6. A stream, brook, rivulet, streamlet, rill. 7. A spring, source, fount, fountain, fountain-head. 8. A well. 9. An artificially conducted stream of water, a conduit or aqueduct (sometimes subterranean); a mill-stream. 10. Sap (of plants). 11. Juice (of fruit, etc.). 12. A fluid (of the body), humour, serum, synovia, mucus, saliva, spittle; water (of the mouth). 13. Tears. 14. Sweat, perspiration. 15. Urine. 16. Seed, semen, sperm. 17. Gravy. 18. Broth. 19. Wine. 20. Fermented liquor. 21. Spirit, spirituous liquor. 22. A drinking bout. 23. A state of excitement, exhilaration, intoxication, drunkenness. 24. Freshness, vigour, luxuriousnes^ (of plants). 25. Healthy vigour (of the body). 26. Succulent freshness and suppleness (of youth); grace and elegance, beauty, charm (of any kind); cheerful and happy look, radiance, beam (of countenance); the open, dignified, consciously proud look (of an esteemed or estimable man). 27. A sense of honour. 28. A sense of shame or dishonour; a blush, flush, or sweat from uneasiness under shame or dishonour. 29 Moral honour, virtue. 30. Modesty, chastity, virtue (in woman) 31. Modesty, bashfulness, coyness (of youth or dependency). 32. Worth, worthiness. 33. Excellence, eminence, preeminence. Dignity,
honour, rank, power. 35. Lustre, glory, renown, reputation, fame. 36. Esteem, estimation. 37. Worth, value, price. 38. Prosperity, welfare, wellbeing, good fortune. 39. Flourishing condition (of growth or circumstances). 40. Health. 41. Wealth. 42. Promotion, rise, advancement in rank, wealth, or power. 43. Bounty, beneficence, favour, benefit. 44. Pity, compassion, sympathy; tears of these. 45. Brightness, splendour, radiance. sheen, effulgence (of a source of light). 46. Brightness, polish, burnish, shine, sheen (of metals). 47. Lustre, sparkle, gleam, glitter (of gems, crystal, glass, etc.) 48. Peculiar lustre, water, or brightness and purity (of a pearl . 49. Temper, polish, or damaskeening (of steel weapons). 50. Water (of a diamond). 51. A diamond. 52. A precious stone-. 53. A pearl. 54. Crystal. 55. Glass. 56. A steel weapon; a. sword, knife, dagger, etc. 57. Polish (of a mirror of metal or glass). 58. A mirror (of metal or glass). 59. Quicksilver, mercury, 60. The sustaining and invigorating force of-nature, the şap and soul of the universe, the all-informing and all-pervading intellect, the absolute and all-perfect mind, the revealer of the true. 61. An object of desire, a thing coveted. 62. Fruition, obtention of one's desire. 62. Equable, gliding motion. 63 Grace of a flowing outline, symmetry of form 64. A way, path, road. 65. A way. custom, fashion, mode, rule. 66. A way, custom, habit. 67. A way, quality, property, peculiarity. proVT 1. The humour that duces pregnancy, semen. 2. Rain. 3 Water of irrigation. Fire-coloured water » bom » H » tinged » "j » » complexioned Cfj S - \ » u » » shown)!? » » iiL-iîî » » mingled » » Fierv » » » lied » U jil » Fire-like » » » - touching » Red Judas-flower » » » »> »
jr ( 4 ) VT f a r , w a r , ashore, pan. m e t . did, b i r a . so. r i l e , t u (French), f u r . ^iiT ^Jf Water to drink, drinking water of life found and drunk of by water, potable water. him, so that he will never die; (see .jj^si J \ 1. Frozen water; ice, snow, • hail. 2. Jelly. 3. Crystal. A. Glass. 5. 1. Sleeping water, stagnant A sword, knife, or dagger; cold steel. water. 2. Congealed water; ice, snow, y\ wT The river A m u (ami) or Oxus, hail, hoarfrost. 3. Crystal. 4. Glass 5, A goblet or bottle. 6. Cold steel, a the J a y h u n (Jeylvun). («UM VT Graceful outline and flowing sword, etc., in its scabbard. symmetry of the figure; beauty. JijyWater to be drunk, DrinkVT 1. Grape-juice. 2. Must. 3. ing water, potable water. jJ^jyi. J \ 1. Light of the sun. 2. Wine. JÎ). (•У J \ \ . Beauty of the days or time. The fountain of life (see ^ OU'j J \ \ . Beauty of the teeth. 2. 2. Sunshine. 3. Moonshine. d ö . л J \ 1. Wine-coloured water. 2. Spittle. 3. A thing spit out. OUJ J t j Water of the mouth, saTears. » J liva. Obb J* ' • Water falling as rain, rain. .-V » 'I. Water from the eyes, 2. Rain-water. A:„I 1. Bound water, fettered tears. 2. A modest look or mien. fU U i VT Tears of the goblet, wine. water. 2. Ice; snow; hoarfrost; hail. J? Ja > Juice of the vine, of vines: 3. Crystal. 4. Glass. 5. Cold steel, OUJ » J wine. sword^ knife, dagger. J \A-Sj J \ The brook of Ruknäbsid, U VT 1. Water of permanency. 2. The legendary water, river, or foun- near s h i r â z , sung by n a ı l z . tain of life. 1. Coloured water. 2. Co1. Root or stump sap. 2. Drag- loured_Juice. 3. Wine. 4. Tears. ^T 1. Beauty, agreeable or maon's-blood (?) vJT Humour of the back or loins, jestic look of the countenance of an upright, honest, virtuous, or dutiful semen.^ xk- J \ 1. Boiled water, cooked wa- man. 2. Beauty of a young and ngreeable face. 3. Honour; glory; reter. 2." Broth. 3. Jelly. £ 1. Bitter water. 2. Wine. 3. nown; reputation; fame; celebrity. 4. Honour, esteem, respect, estimation. Tears". __ f>- VT 1. Humour of the liver. 2. 5. Honest pride. 6. Modesty, shame. j j J \ 1 Gold-water, gold-solution, Tears. ö^i-jKİ. ,_,T Humour of one whose liv- gold-leaf rubbed up with gum to an impalpable powder in water, and used er bleeds; tears of grief. \ . Humour from the eve; for gilding by artists and ornamental writers. 2. Golden-coloured wine. tears. 2. A modest look or mien. jjj J \ 1. Yellow water. 2. Bitter Unlawful juice; i. e. fertears of grief. mented juice, wine. jXj 1. Pure, clear, sweet fresh o T e a r s of yearning in abwater. 2. Crystal. 3. Glass. sence from a loved one. jjjXj The river z i n a r i d or z ™ . J I Water of life (a legendary i *, _L _L derud, at Ispahan (Ispahan). » ^ spring or river; see Ц^Т) j f a j VT ( The water of life (see jbt. » Vigour of intellect, beauty J^'J, » i vOof imagination. .j J Î '1. Water oozing from a fisoVj^- V* Liquor of ruins, liquor of sure. 2.__ Tears. wine-shops; i. e. wine. .jbj VT j . Gall-humour; bile. 2. ^ Autumnal rain (destructive Wine. 3. The light of dawn. of vegetation and health). V T1. Water concealed by straws, Ş\ 1. Dry water, dried-up water. 2. Crystal. 3. Glass. 4. A glass which flows unperceived. 2. Concealor crystal cup or goblet. 5. A bottle. ed or unacknowledged talent or merThe water, fountain, or riv- it. 3. An intriguer, a dissembling, er of Khizr (Elias the prophet), the mischievous hypocrite. 4. Intrigue;
JT
1 far
1 1
( 5)
^ J_ (Hafız), machine,
J\
X 2 2 i. J L - i. ~ (zır), S (qirat). rude; (usul). — ı ı nasal.
wherever it may be carried ; and the dissimulation. hypocrisy a n d misbirds eat up the locusts. chief. a ^ / S\ 1. Lustre of a pearl. 2 . öLLight water, i. e. soft and Cataract of the eye. easy of digestion. Ş\ 1. Red water. 2. Wine, f_,y> \ . Mary's water, spring, o r . u . » 1. Black water. 2 . Noah's well. 2. The purity, chastity, and deluge. 3. Wine. 4. Gutta sarma, the holiness of the Virgin Mary. 3. Grape disease known as amaurosis, which must. 4. Wine. produces blindness b y paralysis of the £* VT Locust-water; another name visual nerve, without discoloration of for J t , No. 3, q. v. the pupil. ^ 'I • Frozen w a t e r ; ice, snow, Peony water or juice. hail, hoarfrost. 2. Crystal. 3. Glass. {}>>a ^J 2. Wine. 3. Blood. 4. A crystal or glass goblet or bottle. J \ 1. Vermilion coloured water. 5. A sword, knife, or dagger. 2. Wine'. 3. Tears. wT 1. Wine-coloured fluid. 2 . j / " J \ i . Salt, brackish or hard Wine._3. Tears. water. 2. Tears. Ji V* The juice of fire; i. e. r e d j ^ i J \ 1. Water slightly sweetened wine. as a drink. 2 . A stream at Tustar. j b j l ' JT 1. Juice of wild pomegran^Jo v-Д The juice of exhilaration; ate. 2. Red wine. 3. Blood, 4. Tears. i. a. wine. Useful juice; i. c. wine. o V T The juice of enjoying life ; (Perhaps for A. ^Iı/ ^Л Father Useful; i. e. wine. 1. e. vinegar.) , J3 » Л Juice of unripe grapes- verCJVZ-Л Sap, juice, or luxuriance of juice. a plant. ,JT (for »Jj^jl «JÎ, J\ Humour of alacrity; i. e. Jb » Flourishing condition of a semen. matter;^ success, prosperity. jf\j 1. Water and fire. 2. CalmThe Azure water, t h e Chi- ness and anger. 3. Sedateness and vivacity of any kind. nese Sea, inhabited by mermaids. J \ The revolving crystal, the J \ 1. Light and heat. 2. Lustre sphere,^ firmament, sky, heavens. and sheen. -Jf I. Hot or warm water. 2. A 4'b j J 1, Water a n d grain (as hot or warm bath. 3. A hot or warm birds'food). 2 . Man's "daily bread". spring. ^ j J \ i . Sap and colour (of plants J Diluted water; i. e. poor, or flowers). 2. Freshness and beautiful complexion (of a pretty face). 3. weak wine. аС_И Fluid from the k u m a fish of Water a n d verdant beauty (of a the Indian Ocean, used medicinally fruitful land), 4. Beauty of style (in as a liniment for bruises a n d dislo- writings). 5. Paint, carmine, etc. used by^women and others for beauty. cations.^ Js j İ T i Water and clay ; i . e . the yf VT The river КаиШаг ОГ KLevser of paradise, flowing with wine terraqueous globe. 2. The mortal body, the fleshly tabernacle. or nectar. 1уь 5 The water and air, the natсЛ-f 1. Gravy of meat. 2. Broth ural climate (of a place). from boiled flesh. Ruby liquid; i. c. r e d <-«-!»: S-.T Rain of kindness ; i. e. bounwinev ty, beneficence, benevolence. £ J \ 1. Water from dissolving ice. j»1 J 1 Rubv-coloured liquid. 2. 2. Iced water. Wine.' 3. Tears." j l ^ -T 1, The water of birds. 2. A. Lî ÂBÎK, s. pi. of Л 1. Fathers. Name of a water near s n i r â z , used 2. Male ancestors. 3. The spheres, like the "Sweet Waters" of Constan- the nine heavens (of ancient astrontinople. 3. Name of a fabulous spring, omy). 4. The seven planets (incluwater from which attracts starlings, ding the sun and moon)
far, w a r ,
ashore, pan. met. did, bird. so. r a l e ,
tu (French),
fur.
JU»-1} lT Fathers and grandfathers, cultivated, flourishing (place). 2. ancestors, progenitors. Prosperous and flourishing (man), in The upper fathers, t h e good circumstances and condition of spheres, the planets. mind, body or estate. (Added to a ^ ° U Moral or spiritual fathers, name as a termination, this word pastors, teachers, spiritual guides. helps to form names of towns or T. U ÂBÂ, s., for Л. U 1 . Stout homesteads, like o u r syllables - ton, coarse native woollen cloth. 2. A -burgh,-wick, etc.; -Ü is the officloak o r coat made of that cloth. cial name of the Sultan's pavilion a t A. M ibâ, v. il. A refusing or neg- the "Sweet Waters" of Europe.) lecting to fulfil a command * M v. t. To build up, edify, i m П v. i. To refuse compliance, prove or restore (a place or person). not to comply, not to obey. p. ОЦТ übädän, a. As Л\ q. v. (But A. Аъаь, s. An enormous wave, not used in names.) a mountainous billow. .i.i ita i j. 2 1. A prosper1 m T. Ljlj ь U übSd5nlıq / • • A. J - ^ E B A B I ı , s. pl. 1 . Large flights •i n' ± z ± 1 OUS, flourishing P. o'-"' abadam 4 j-,/ o 0 of birds in the air. 2. The legendary • J condition ( of a bird-; that destroyed the army of Abplace or man). 2. A prosperous and raha, the Ethiopian general who flourishing, inhabited or cultivated threatened Mekka about t h e time Muhammed was born; held by some place, distinct from ruins, a desert, or to have been the alpine swift, cypsclus a wilderness. p. gbâai, s. A s Jbû N o . 1 . mdba. 'i. T. The birds called "the souls of the damned" that fly in flocks q. v. p. â b i d î , a. Related or belongswiftly up and down t h e Bosphorus ing to an edified place. without alighting. л ^ ^ЛТ s. jVbâdi paper, a kind of T. J.-U A bird of t h e kind beautiful yellowish glazed writing known as " t h e souls of the damned" paper, from Persia, India, or China; the Manx shearwater, procellaria yel- much valued. qowan, puffinus anglorum. A. jU 5ънг, s. pl. o f y ; Wells (for A. +U İbate, v. n. An act oflodging water). (one) for the night. p. j M âbâr, s. A kind of impure I л ! v. I. To lodge or house ''one) oxide _or calx of lead, litharge. for the night. a. j 11 ,'ъьзг. s. A maker or seller 1 1 . Va- of needles. (See . П ebu.jırf i s. pl. of А. A. îbür, S. Fertilization of female A. ebEjir^ rieties or sorts of evils and calamities. palm-flowers with a male spadix; or, A. A» U ibâhâ, u. n. An act of ma- a male spadix so used ; or, a male king, deeming, considering, or holding palm of which the spadix is so used. (a thing or act) to be lawful and A. J'T1 Î B Â R , s. pl. of V.' Needles; permissible. (See шиьзь). pins bodkins. \s.pl. of Water I , or t To hold (a thing) etc. with lawful. A. ASjM ebariqa ; ewers, jtl e b a n q i spouts and handA. A. LBÂK.BÂ, v. n. A n a c t o f e x les. tinguishing; also, of being extinguished; extinction. T. ljH âbaza. 1. An Abaza man. 2. 1 v. t. To extinguish, put out The Abaza country in the Caucasus» (a fire) aJjII 1 . T o g o t o t h e A b a z a A. AT abâd, s. pl. of Future e - country. 2. To abuse one's self, practernities. tise self-abuse, t o practise masturadv. For ever, to all eternity, bation. smculd seeculorum. A. ebâzîr. s. pl. of ->У (Seeds), p. JIT ä b i d , a. 1. Prosperous, in pl. of J>. (Seed). Seeds and herbs of good condition, not in ruins, n o t various kinds used in cookery for deserted and neglected; inhabited or giving flavours.
J^ П ) 1 1(asman), 1 J. (hafız), J2...2 1 (zır), i î 2 rııde t î t far war machine, ı (qırat). (jısul).
ÛÜ — n nasal.
p. JM Ahâsh, s. (for A. A tenth day of every month of that year. 3. Name of the genius of that mixed rabble, a mob. A. û b i s h â , s. A mixed crowd month and day. 4. Name of his festival, . t e n t h day of eighth month. of men, a mob. A. öU ibbân, s. The nick of time, A. -ЦТ âbât, s. pi. of iH Armpits. ^ЛИ J>lT Difficulties, complications the right moment. p. jU'l âb-ânbsr, в. A reservoir, of affairs. A. JJ>U <-bnth, s. pi. of Jbl Fal- tank for water. A. i b i n e t , v. n. 1. A seversities, vanities,* groundless things. A. JUSIJI ebâ'ia, a. pi. of More ing, parting, dividing (one from another). 2. Setting up (one's son) as or most distant (things). p. -LİLÎ sbaft, s. A strong coarse master of a separate house. 3. Sending away (one's daughter or sister) as a cloth or garment; or tattered do. A. Jtl E B B A Q , a. (A slave) much wife. 4 . A declaring or explaining distinctly. 5. A being or becoming given to running away. A. Ibiq, v. n. (A slave's) act any of these four. -i-^ v. I. 1. To sever. 2. To send of running away, absconding. A. jbl i b b 5 4 , a. pi. of j)A Fugitive, away. 3. To explain distinctly. p. jUM Hfo-endâz, s. An engineer runaway (slaves). A. JbT Â B 5 L , s. p i . of . Camel- for canals or aqueducts. Р. /»I I w I ub-endäm. (1. Graceful of herds, troops, droves or strings. A . JM E B B Â ı , s. A camel rearer, figure, as though flowing. T. (3'j-iU abandlrmoq, V. t, C. of seller, driver or tender. A. îbalöt, 4İÜ ibale, V. 11. 1. ji'H To make or let (a person) lean A being skilful in tending camels, forwards (over a person or thing). tending or rearing camels, or other T. Ji*U i i l i i t m m q . V. İ. To 1еа,П cattle. 2. An abstaining from one's one's head a n d body considerably wife or matrimony. 3. Being or be- forward J o v e r a person or thing). coming a monk. T. i f f $ abanos, S. for P. ^ j - } EbA. A—lo' î ebâlıse, s. pi. of^-iM Devils, ony. demons. P. Jbl i b â n i s. 1. Soup. 2. A ketA. I B Â I E , s. 1 . A faggot, bundle, tle of soup. truss, of wood, grass, hay, etc. 2. A A. ^ALİ ebShlm \ S. pi. of flf-L herd, flock, troop (of beasts or birds). A. ^AU «Vbähim \ Thumbs. 3. A troop or squad (of men), 4. An t . jU âb5yi, s. A kind of housing object of desire. 5. A parapet to a or horsecloth. well's mouth. p. jL wT âb-bâz, s. A performer in 4İU Jp 1. A wisp on a truss, the water, swimmer and diver, etc. added to a beast's load. 2. Evil that for show or amusement. comes on existing trouble. 3. ComP . LIJL; Â B - B A Z I , s. 1 . Swimming fort added to comforts. and diving in water as a performance p itoâie, s. A urinal; a privy; or amusement. 2. A swimmer's proa water-closet. fession. A . ^-»11;I E B I I R S , s. pi. of yJui Devp. âb-tâb, s. for LJ q. ils, demons. v. in Ş \ p. fU ebâm, s. 1. A debt. 2. A p. âbtâb, s. as 1. The loan received. sun. 2. Day light; day time. 3. Wine. p. flT âbâm, s. 1. A tower. 2. A 4. The soul; the universal soul. tower built for pigeons, so as to colp. Vol âbtâbe, s. \. A pot for lect manure. 3. A sign (of the zo- pouring w a t e r ; a e w e r ; a garden diac). watering pot. 2. A pot for heating p. l>\\ щьап, prop. n. \. Name of water, a kettle. the eighth solar month of the old A. ibtât, v. n. 1. A cutting Persian year, when the sun was in off or through, severing. 2. A makScorpio; October. 2. Name of t h eing (any act) final and definitive.
fâr,
4
a s h o r e , pan.
8 ) did, ъ 1 г Л .
A. j t * İbtâr, V. n. 1 Cutting off, severing. 2. Docking (a tail). 3. Rendering (a man) childless, h . Deciding, - cutting short (a matter). 5. Performing one's devotions when the sun is just above the east horizon. A . ^ . ı Ä ı I B T L U Â S , v. n. 1 . Searching for (a thing), rummaging. 2. Playing at hide and seek for (a thing buried or hidden). 3. Investigating, probing (a matter) ; investigation. A. I B T Î D Â , s. 1 . v. n. A beginning ; commencement. 2. The first prosodic foot of the second hemistich of a verse. I U~l v. i. To begin, commence. . .i , ! i )adv. A s a b e g i n I - ft": i ning, for a com-
rı
>lle>
(Frenclı),
fâr.
or coming between dawn and sunrise. 2. Conung to public worship in time for the sermon to commence. 3. Taking t h e first fruits. /,. Depucelating (a maid). 5. A bringing forth a firstborn. A. 5k i xbtxla, V. 91. 1. A proving (one) by trial or affliction. 2. A being proved, tried, afflicted, troubled; trial, affliction, trouble. 3. A being or becoming addicted (to a person or thing). A. ibtlıâ', v. n. A swallowing, swallowing down, swallowing up. |£_!Я'~1 s. t. To swallow, swallow down; to swallow up. A. J5bl ibtiiai, v. n. 1. A being or becoming wet or damp. 2. A becoming strong and vigorous. A. t i l i b t i n i , v. n. 1. A building A. itotxdSr, v. n. A setting constructing: construction. 2. A making (a man), setting (him) up. 3 . one's self to work (at a thing). I v. i. To set one's self to work Receiving one's bride and going in to her. (at doing something). f'bll ibtlnAan, adv. As founded A. IBTLDÄ', v. 11. 1 . An originating, inventing (a thing). 2. An(on a thing), by reason (of it). A. Ati etoxtte, S. pi. of Necesinnovating, setting up a new rite or saries ; provisions, furniture, tools; doctrine; innovation. A. JI-Ä-ı I B T I Z Â ı , v. n. A being or appliances, requisites. A. A~I Atote, s. Intense anger, fury, becoming in common continual use rage. as of no special value or account. A . £ Ц-"-;' xtotxlxaj, V. n. A B E I N G ОГ a e ^ j jJÜi! To fall from being held precious into common use and drudg- becoming rejoiced; joy. ery. A. ibtxixSi, v. n. A humbling A . JV! I B T I R , a. i (An animal) one's self in prayer. docked of its tail. 2. (A man) left A. »Ц1 Ibtiyä'» v. n . A buying, without a child or posterity. 3. (A purchasing (a thing). prosodical foot) reduced in a special I v. I. To buy, purchase. way from four syllables to two, c/Vk A. vijli.1 iibsäs, v. n. 1. A scattering, to k. Useless, unprofitable (man spreading. 2. A divulging, publishing, or thing); especially, a slave; a donkey. (a secret). 3. A confiding, imparting A . JLJVL (one's thoughts). elbteran, s. dual of Two v. t. \. To scatter. 2. To unprofitables, a slave, a donkey. divulge. 3. To confide. A. xbtlzaz, v. 11. A seizing and A . .UM ebj ar, S , carrying off by force. pi. of j* Evils, 1 jl>.l v. t. To seize (a thing) a n d calamities. carry it off by violence. A. LM itojâu v. 11. A contenting, A . FLJVL I B T I Z Â M , v. n. A spending, satisfying^ passing (a day, etc.). P . " aAÂ Â B J Â M E , s. A vessel for A. fUlt ibtxsam, V. 11. A slightly w a t e r ; a vase, pot, cup. etc. smiling A . J^I E B J E D , s. The Arabic alphal^LU v. i. To smile. bet arranged in its ancient form, and A. Uil xbtlga, v. n. A longing and as still used for notation and numeseeking after (a thing). ration, the letters of the present word ! übl v. i. To long (after a thing). being the first four of that alphabet. 'Җ\ îtotîkyâr, v. n. 1. A g o i n g , In this order, that of the old Pheni-
i 1 3 4 i l 2 1 I far. war, asbore, pan. met. did. bird. so. rule,
oa earth, provided b y God from geaeratioa to geaeratioa, to watch over, protect, guide aud further the "true faith of the heart. Out of them, aud separate from them, God provides four superiors, called j t y cardinals, two higher still, styled jUUl the two i m i m s , and ooe supreme chief entitled w-is the pole, the pole-star. These vicars are also called 1U budela, but in Turkish, the two words are vulgarly used in two very different senses, as singulars. All this theory is of mystical dervish invention, but is universally accepted as sacred.
!\j\ 2 s' tu (French), far.
„ . . . T j. i j. ) s. A ewer for P. abdestan, water> with P. Ü ^ A . l â b d e s t d â n . j w M c h a b l u _ tions are performed. P. Sbdest-kJıâne, S. 1 . A room fitted for t h e performance of caaoaical ablutions. 2. A water-closet, privy, necessary. t. abdestslz. a. 1. Not purified by a canonical ablution, in a state of canonical pollution. 2. A profligate. t . villi-Л" fkbdestilk, s. A light and plain kind of toilet coat or gown, easily tucked u p over the elbows, used in ablutions. T. JU1 abdal, S. FROM A . etadal, T. \ abdestli,-ln, a. Purified q. v. Ä kind of heedless, confiding, with a recent canonical ablution, and disinterested, kind, good-natured man, so ready to enter on divine worship. who takes no care for the morrow, A. e b d â ' , a. More, most, or and trusts entirely t o Providence. very wonderful and beautiful. j U I J j j The spurge-olive, daphne P. O^-* ' ebed-muddet, Whose duramezereon. tion is to^ e t e r n i t y ; eternal. A. J W I B D S ı , v. n. 1 . A substitutP. âb-dendun, S. 1 . A fool, ing (one thing in place of another), dupe, pigeon at play, easily gulled substitution, change, exchange. 2 . A and plucked, as water requires n o changing (a thing b y substitution); teeth to masticate it. 2. A kind, each, change; conversion. of delicious pear, pomegranate, and I JUl v. t. 1. To change, exchange, sweetmeat. substitute. 2. To change, convert. p. .-П âb-din, s. A giver of grace, T ı5-"'4' âbdâtsî, a. Somewhat beauty, and lustre, a n ornament (to heedless (man), who confides, t o a a thing)^ --- .J.T s. Ornament of the chief degree, in Providence. (See т. йЦ') A j U ) « B A I N , s. pl. of JJ. Bodies, seat in an assembly; esp. M u h a m m e d A. »лТ âbldö, s. fcm. \ . A wild anicorporeal bodies, frames (of man and beasts); especially, trunks (thereof, mal, s h y of man. 2. A strange or wild, unfamiliar word or expression. as distinct from limbs). p. jljbT âb-dan. s. 1. A vessel for 3. An evil, calamity. A. ^ ebedî, a. Eternal (for t h e water. 2. A pond or tank, a reservoir. 3. The bladder (of an auimal), future), never-ending. (See Jjl) A. öbealyyöt, (Eternalness, nevP. ^yt, ebed-peyvend, ft. ReachT. e b e d b i k , * вг-endingness. ing to eternity, eternal. P. .-П âbdest. âbdest, S. A CAp. f } e b r , s. A cloud; the clouds. nonical ablution of purification, per- 2. Cloudiness, an overclouded sky. formed in a prescribed manner, and y} s. A dead cloud, a dried-up accompanied throughout with pre- cloud ; i. e. a sponge. scribed pious ejaculations, (A ; but A. e b e r r , a. More, most, very see also J - i ) good, pious, just. v. i. To perform an abluA. j} i b e r , s. pl. of >j) Needles; tion m the ^proper manner. pins ; bodkins. ^ - . И v. i. To nullify a previous A. y i b r â . v. n. 1. A declaring ablution, b y easing nature either way. (another) free from debt or obligaFor (one's) previous ab- tion (to one's self, or to a third parlution t o become annulled, b y anty) ; an acquitting, absolving, releaseasement of nature either way, b y ing from claim. 2. (God's) restoring escape of wiud, pus, semen, etc. (one) t o health.
t î 21 1 îV f äУr (ismSn). w â r (hafix). machine, №r), i (qirat). r u d e (u
.
,
,
(
1
i y v. t. 1. To declare (another) eyed, open-eyed, so that the whole free from claim. 2. To restore to pupil is seen with white all round it. health. A. -j) ebred, a. More, most, or ^ д с ^ у A paper, document of dis- very cold, cool, ö r chilly. charge, acquittal, receipt. A. ö'l-У i b r e d u n , .?. dual of ij) The A. ТгУ e b r a j , S. pi. of Towers two coldest times of the day, early (ofold city walls, etc.). morn and late evening. a. iferah., v. n. 1. A pleasing, A . »-VJ I B R I A E , s. 1 . Coldness, chilliness causing 'pleasure or admiration. 2. An (of rain, etc.). 2. A cold, rheum, flux, admiring, finding good, pleasant or gleet, or gonorrhea in the urethra. A admirable. - Jrj} Bbrcsh, a. Speckled, fleaA. ıbrâd, V. n. 1. A C O O İ İ n g , bitten (horse). making cool or cold. 2 . An entering T. J^y abt-Mh, a. for A. ^yy} Lepon a cool state (of the day, weather, rous (man). food, etc.). 3. A sending (one) forth T. abrashlıq, \ S. for as a courier. t. etoj-esuiik, f Leprosy. A. Е Ь Г А Г , s. pi. of Righteous T . çZj} Î B R Î . S H I M , I s. S e e p . ^ j } *, m e n ; the good, righteous, just. т. jAj) ibrisiıîm, / also derivatives. a . ^ f ) ёbı-âs, a. Leprous. a . JV.1 i b r â r , v. n. I . A duly perA . öj} <-BRÂ\j) i b r â s h , a. for A. J»j} a n d openness of countenance, an honest I. (for j-j}) Speckled, fleabitten or proud look ; honour, honest pride. (horse). 2. Leprous (man). t. e b r ü t â n a , s. The plant A. ^ У ibräq, v. n. I. A flashing, artemisia abrolanum. gleaming (as lightning, a sword, etc.). p. -Ş3)) «Vbrtı-kД). and proper degree of firmness, makA. У 1ьгё, s., pi. j} , jü 1. A neeing (it) firm. 2. An insisting over- dle. 2. A pin. 3. A bodkin, h. A sting much (in a request or command), (of a bee or scorpion). 5. A sharp forcing. point (of horn, etc.). 6. A privy mem1 («У v. i. To insist, to be over-per- ber, penis. 7. The point of the elbow sistent (towards another). bone, the olecranon process of the P.
(
İ2
)
Car, w a r , ashore, p a n . m e t . did, b i r d . «o. ru.le, tâ. (French), f u r . T. »И utoere, s. A greater bustard, otis tarda, A. P. p. >_>T äb-riz, s. 1. A ewer, waterj u g , p i t c h e r ; watering-pot. 2 . A bucket. 3. A sink, sewer, or cesspool, 4. A p r i v y or urinal. 5. A chamberpot, chamber-utensil for urine (vulg. avriz). A. > IBRIZ, a. Quite pure, fine (gold): • A, И ITORÎZI, a. Quite pure, fine (gold). P, j^i^J eferîsheru, S. \ . Silk. 2. Doubly twisted silk thread, as used for sewing, tassels, etc. 3 . A silken cord (for a h a r p , lute, etc.).
C-\ r'.y)
> A silkworm.
C/ 1
p. j^.j} e b r i s b e m i s. A dealer i n r a w or spun silk. T. jp-i/l ibrishim, S. for P. 4• Vjijyî A silkworm (commonly T. ITORLSHLMJI, s. A maker or seller of silk thread. A - i3'.j) i b r i q , S.,pl. , ASjU A tall vessel with a handle a n d long spout, used for pouring out w a t e r in ablutions, etc., of metal or earthenware ; a e w e r ; teapot, coffeepot; kettle, etc. t. Ji^ Itoriq, s. A brig, brigantine. A. j*>J etozar, S. pi. of j>_ , pi pi. 1 Л JV Seeds and herbs of various kinds used for flavouring i n cookery. P. etozardän, S. A kind of spice-box for culinary seeds. p. 0>T âbzân, s. A portable bath, a slipper or sarcophagus b a t h ; used for medical purposes. p. °y} âhzlh, s. A little rill or driblet from a side spring that trickles into a brook or stream. A. J L J Itosâı, v. n. 1. A preventing or forbidding. 2 . A giving in pledge or pawn. 3. A giving i n exchange. k. A delivering, consigning (to punishment, destruction, etc.). p. âbsâıân, s. A garden, park, wood, pleasure-grounds. p. âbist, a. Poetical contraction for J î J Î , q. v. p. jii-Л âblstiıı, a. Poetical elongation of do.
p. оЦТ âbistân, a. P r e g n a n t (female), in the family w a y , b i g with child or young. j l j i л } оЦТ 1. The groaning pregnant one. 2 . The sighing harp o r lute. p. .Kjs-Л âbistângyâh, s. i. A w o m b or vagina, the seat of pregnancv. 2 . The w o i j d . (See .KALT) p. ji-Л i b i s t a n î , s. Pregnancy. P. abeste, a. (Land) prepared for sowing. P. âbiste, a. Pregnant, with child, w i t h y o u n ^ . p. о Ь Ь - •-Л ab^uwaran, s. pi. Bubbles floating on water or wine. p. ^T â b - s i y r , a. Easy-paced, easy-going (saddle-beast). p. jli-Л âb-sbSr, s. A waterfall, cascade, cataract. a . _,bl itoshâr, v. n. 1. A causing joy, g i v i n g joy. 2 . A feeling joy, rejoicing. 3 . (The earth's) putting forth its v e r d u r e . p.
ätoishtengyäh,
S.
A
place of concealment and privacy. 2 . A privy, necessary, watercloset. (See also P. âtoishfchir, s. 1. A watering place, d r i n k i n g place (for men or beasts). 2 . A drinking-vessel. 3 . (Man's, etc.) daily bread, food. 4. A short halt or stay for refreshment. (See jyfiT) __ P. U-Ui Л âb-shinâs, s. 1. One w h o knows w h e r e water is t o be found. 2. One who k n o w s and distinguishes the qualities of watei's. 3. A pilot, one who knows the shallows and channels in water. 4 . One who knows t h e rules, ways, and customs. A. JL»J1 e h s â r , s. pi. of Sights, senses of sight. \ A. j U itosar, V. n. 1. A looking. 2. A seeing, perceiving. A. JwJ ibt, s.,pl -ЦТ An armpit. A. Uwl itota. v. n. Being or moving with slowness; being slow, tardy, dilatory or late ; slowness, tardiness, dilatoriness, lateness. A. (JU»H ebtâı, s. pi. of JJa; Heroes, brave men. A. J U J ibtâı, v. n. A rendering null and void, annulling. I JUaıl V. t. To annul.
I tav
t I (äfmän),
2 war
( 13)
2 9 1 1 2 2 2 i 21 ~ (h3fxz). macMne, (zîr), ı (qırSt). rüde (usfll). - n nasal.
or letting (a thing) reach (a destination), sending or delivering ( i t ) ; delivery. 2 . A reaching, arriving ; arrival. ' v. I. To send, deliver, or communicate. A. ebelet, S. 1. Heaviness, unwholesomeness, ındigestibility (of food). 2 . A blight, blast, injury, mischief. 3. A fault, vice, defect. 4. Enmity, rancour. A. .1-1.1 ibiet, s. Enmity, hostility. A. ilbuilet, s. A (man's) kin, kindred, family, tribe, clan, sept. A. E B I E J , a. 1 . W i d e and clear of hair between his two eyebrows. 2. Bright, open, cheerful (of countenance). A. дЫ ebled, a. 1. As , q. v. 2. Big, clumsy, coarse of make and figure. 3. More, most, very stupid. A. iM eblâg, №. More or most, verv much up to the mark, perfect, complete, full (in any respect desired).
^
2 я tu (French), fur.
J"'b'> iriM Satan's claw, i. e. t h e perfume known as onycha. ( A . ^ J ^ ' J U T L ) T. f) e b e m , fol' f
A. j } i b n , s.,pl.
, q. V. İ n
, V") 1 . A s o n
(fem. w i ) . 2 . A man (pertaining t o some special thing, or of a specified age in months or years). 3. A t h i n g (specially pertaining). a) A man of war, a veteran warrior. JjA traveller. &.J° ^ 1. A traveller. 2. A man in a certain public career ; especially, in an order of dervishes as a devotee. 3. A robber, highwayman. 0--.Ы1 j ) The son of clay; i. e. Adam. J J l a.' The son of the n i g h t ; i. e. A nightly depredator, thief, or robber. A. 1-) E B N A , S. pl. of j ) 1 . Sons. 2. Men, people (specially pertaining to a certain thing). ^ Ы \ . Fellow men, brethren in flesh and blood. 2. Creatures of A. J U 4 B I Â Q , vıılg. Ä B I A Q , a. i . P i e - the same kind. bald (horse), black and white. 2 . т. jUj ^ Ы People of the time, men of (abitU) Ha.ndsome. ^ - ^ j U Day and the present age. night, time; fortune, good and bad. Js.<- ifbl Travellers, wayfarers. t . jjLI ibiiq, 3Ы , s. A capon. A. Ы i b n i , v. n. A causing or lett. abii'i, s. The gaff-balancer rope ting (a building) be built. of a trysail. 1 11 v. t. To have or let (a house, p. e b i ü j , s. Fine white loaf- etc.) be built. sugar, or white sugar-candy. i>.' аъмйк. a . I. W a t e r y , wet. T. a b i a , s. See T "W 2. Juicy ^ sappy. ғ . Л^л äbioQa, s. Blockade (of a P. (_гУ-) a b n ö s , VUİg. abanös, S. place). I ASJIT v. t. To blockade Ebony. A. -İH ebleh, a Heedless, stupid, т. j f y - } âbânosji, s. A seller or imbecile, silly, foolish (man). worker of ebony. p p. 4.1.T ablie, s. J. A pustule, pim- is*r} äbnisi, a. 1. Of ebony, ple. 2. A little blister, bleb. 3. A ebony. 2 . Like ebony, ebon, black. bubble (on water or wine). li^i^-jiLT 3. A seller or worker of ebony. A star. it ^ у Л 1. An ebonv flute or P. «Cl^y e b l e h a n e , Ü. Foolish, stupid, I flageolet. 2. A dark reed flute. silly (act, etc.). A. AA I B N E , s. 1. (fem. of j ^ ; ) , p l . p. e b l e h i , s. Foolishness, folly, o t A daughter. 2. (as 1.) A female stupidity, (human, brute, or inanimate) speciт. J.T âbii, s. See т. ally pertaining (to a certain thing). 0 liv*- o J ^ 1 • To let slip (by care- 3. (for i b n e , No. 6, q. v.) An invetlessness) t h e gaff-balancer. 2. To erate catamite, who craves, from lose one's moderation, to commit an disease or habit, t o be consorted excess; to become dazed. with. A (j-Д»! ibiis, s. 1. iblis, Satan, A. A-1 u b n e , S. A knot in WOOd Lucifer, the devil. 2. pl. y J U , 2. A node in a stem or branch. 3 A devil, demon, imp. 3. A bad or A defect, flaw, vice. 4. A hitch, very crafty man. misunderstanding, ill-will ill-blood
(16) fiâr, war. ssbore, pan. met. did, bird. so. rule,
Jbt tu (French), fur.
excellent. (Second title of an ex-Grand T. J\ âp, a. Quite, very. (Imitative Vezir, styled ^V) corroborant used before a few words.) A. ifl ЕМХЁГ, s. The aorta (ascendj=-T J \ Quite open, wide open, ing and descending) ; also, the carotid c l J*_Quite white, all white. a r t e r y ; also, the brachial artery. ±STj\, WJT Quite unexpectA. J^l ötoiıĞı, s. Juniper berries. edly, quite without warning. t . cii 4.İ etoiiifc, s. 1. The profession, T. ._>! ip, s. for ^„1 q. v. (Also for art, or act of a midwife. 2. A sub- derivatives). stitute for a regular midwife. 3. A T. ä p a r m a q , V. t. 1. To bring midwife's fee. or fetch (a thing). 2. To take away, liilUl v. i. To be and officiate a s a carry away,^lead away. midwife, t o act as a midwife. £ Let b e : let the water A. oblıöm, a. Dumb (beast), not carry th.ee away. endowed with speech. t. ^ up-arisiz, adv. Quite A. ЁЪ1, s . genit. of in construc- unexpectedly, without warning. tion. Öf the father (of.....). (Sometimes T. jltT APAIIQ, a. Plump, fat, chubused as a nominative in Turkish.) by (child). ^ T. o^1. _âp-ân.sîz, adv. Erroneo. (i c Ah, the son of the father ous of yS'\ WJI , q. v. öf Talib '( of ^.nwл1). T. , J i \ l ipratmaq, ) V. t. To fray A. J} АЬГ, a. Who refuses compliT. i p r a m a q , i (a thing) OUt ancy will not do or take .... . î>. jT âbi, a. 1. Pertaining to water, (by wear or friction). (As aqueous, aquatic. 2. Light blue, very T. i p r a n m a q , V.İ. To ЬеСОШв light blue (in colour), sky-blue. p. jИ u b i s. 1. A quince. 2. A frayed (by wear or friction). T. j\ i p r a t m e f c , V. t. See variety of grape. T- ti'}) aparmäq, V. t. S e e A. OL- \ i b y â t , s. pi. of C* \ . Houses; P. X L y} eprendäblı, £_>-Vv Cortents; rooms, chambers ; huts ; etc. 2. Distichs (of poetry), pairs of verses. dovan leather, morocco. p. J-Л âb-yâr, s. A waterer or ir- T. oUjH ipranmet, v. i . See CXt ' ' T. C Ac j \ 'eprimek, V. İ. To Speak rigator. p. isAi abyari, s. The occupation through the nose. T. i p r i m e k , V. İ. See or act of an irrigator; irrigation, T. ipsid, s. A felloe, felly (of watering. A. -I-1 etold, a. (An eternity) of e- a coach or cart-wheel). t . > И ipsiz. a. S e e ternal duration. t . jtji âpish, s. 1. The fork between -H 'î. A never-ending eternity. the two legs of the body. 2. A stride, 2. adv. To all eternity, distance between the two feet when p. efeiz, s. A spark of fire. set a-straddle. A. e b y a z , a. White. j^S j i J To open one's legs asunA. 'ЦЛ ötoyl'â, s. pi. of 1. Sellers. der, sit or stand a-straddle. 2. Buyers. 3. Bargainers. T. JIIJT I P I S H A Q , a. ( A m a n , e t c . ) T. IBIK, s. 1. A comb (on a whose legs are naturally much afowl's head). 2. A crest. J~} 1 • A cock's comb. 2 A straddle, w h o naturally stands or walks a-straddle ; straddle legged. cock's-comb (flower). A. J-l e bil» a. A Christian monk, t . jüLijÎ apishaqiıq, s. The quality friar, priest, or elder. of being straddle-legged; straddleC^.^Jr.' The elder of Christian el- leggedness^ ders; i. e. Jesus, the Messiah. T- (j^J^^O aplslxdirmaq, V. t. To A. o*! ebyen, a. More, most, or make or let (one) open his legs a very plain, clear, distinct. part andjstand, etc. a-straddle. p. s?) ebîv. a. Sky-blue, light-blue, T. JIIT ÄPISHIQ, a. A-straddle, azure-coloured, (standing)^ with the legs a-straddle. p. ёьуАп, üjJl s. Opium. t . Jl-.LT Apisniiq, s. A thing spe-
.
ı J. _î_ fâr (asman),
(
1 7 )
5 2. -2 2 i i. î Z J_ wu.r (tıufiz). maclıme, (sır)» x (qirt*®). rude
7X (usul). — n nasal.
Cj\ 1. A horse-market. 2. cial to the fork of the legs ; especially, a gore or gusset in drawers or Name of a ward in Constantinople. jJ'b The horse fish; i. e. t h e trowsers_at the fork of the legs. y> , in > J ) T. (З^чТ ap İslı matı, V. i. To Open hippopotamus. (See To dismount, to get down, the legs apart, and stand, sit, etc. clrl get off a horse. a-straddle. T. apisnû q > ) ^ S-t- ^ A horse-fly, gad-fly. p o r T T. eJrH' apıslııq. f ^ " ' jjT Horse-galbanum ; i. e. T. eU Ipek, s. For Сл-И q. v. (Also sagapenum. derivatives.) For a horse to race (with t. ipilk, s. For û^-J q. v. (Also others) ; for horses to race together. derivatives.) сЛ \ . A horse's tail. 2. The T. oU^il iplilclinmoK, V. I. Seeplant mare's-tail, kippvris vulgaris. j r j i j / \ To put to the horses (of T. i p i â , JH İpil, a. See ^ , a carriage). cJ\ A circus or hippodrome ; T. İpmlu, S. An iron point to the Hippodrome at Constantinople. a ploughshare. 1. To mount, get on a horse. T 2. To ride a horse. - J-^^apäsn, s. See j^} lUrl jW" J\ To groom a, horse. T. a p u « h m â q , V. i . S e e cJ\ A grey horse, light-grey F. äpiqö, a. A-peak (ship or horse. anchor). A saddle-horse, horse used JMJJJİ-) To be or remain with the for riding. anchor apeak. Л if J A Turkoman horse. p. J}?) e p y i n , s. Opium. ^u-'"r I A horse of a good race, T. ^ i ' e t . s. 1. Flesh. 2. Flesh-meat, cA t j y I of good blood; a bloodmeat. 3. The lean (of meat), k. Pulp, horse. sarcocarp (of fruit). JT^^p An Arabian horse. ^ l t i î . ^ . 1 The clingstone peach. Jj A carriage-horse. 1. Broth of meat. 2. Gravy. J j ^ ' i 3 A racehorse. L.I Flyblow, maggot in meat. cJ\ ->л._ A led-horse. ^ A certain Christian festival; T. ^И ît, s. For VL-И , q. v. Bulgars slaughter pigs. r. in ätä, s. A (person's) father. jr^ The cutting off the use of m e a t ; the Christian feast of carnival Jin Ancestors. A. H otk, itâ, s. 1. Increase, prodbefore Lent. uce, yield, revenue (from land, etc.) ; ısP ЗЬуУ The hams. J l j i b 1. Flesh offish. 2. A muscle, fruits. 2. Twigs and leaves fallen into water. fleshy muscle of the body. T. d. In âti-ъоу, s. A Prince-Father; li" (>:.•> The gums of the teeth, i. e. a Lord-Protector to a minor, ol IJ A fleshy part of the body. сЛ A muscle of the body ; es- invalid, or incapable sovereign; esthe title taken by certain pecially, a brawny muscle of the up- pecially, bygone usurping sovereigns in parts per arm. ol >J Flesh, lean of meat; a fillet. of Persia. t. ätäiıq, s. 1. Fatherhood, Jl 1. Venison, flesh of deer. 2. The plump flesh of a young nubile paternity. 2. A (minor's) guardian, girL ^ ^ tutor, or male dry-nurse, who acts CX.jf л-'l Cif For a young girl to as or for a father. 3. An old or elbecome plump and nubile, to enter derly man. on her_ venison years. F. UH i t i i y ä . prop. n. See UbJ T. ^ S. F. jUsr' itiiyân» a. See K. ^UH I. A horse, 2. A stallion. A. Cj'jW itiUat, S. pl. of •ji»"' 1. z>\ 1. To make or let a horse prance.of 2. To make a 3. horse at a Taxes, dues, customs, contributions. show horsemanship. To act exult.
.>"1
( İ8 )
3 I I far, war, ashore, pan. met. did, bird. so. rule,
5 Я tu (French), fur.
2. Presents, bribes, honoraria, fees. A. ittİhâdiyye, s. pl. A sect A. уИ itâve, s. pl. , Jjfc-I 1. A of s â r i mystic o r gnostic devotees tax, due, contribution. 2. A present, who hold the doctrine of the union bribe, honorarium, fee. of a saint's soul with God. A. ^ j W ETAVÂ, s. pl. o f See O ^ I , A. j u ' l ithâf, v. n.IA making (one) A. îttihâf, v . n . f a , rare present, ; A. jjW ötâvi, s. 1. pl. , fem. * _> ij"L presenting (him) with a rarity, 1. A stranger guest, visitor; or, im- presenting (a rarity to a person). migrant. 2. A streamlet of water of İvildi v. t. To give, offer, present irrigation brought to one's land b y (a rarity to a person). digging. A. il»^ ITTIKHUZ, v. n. A taking (a A. £_lr"l etba', S. pl. of ЛГ Followers, thing) to one's self, either by making, attendants, servants. or procuring, or seizing it. ^iıı» A set or class of servants. i iüîl v. t. To t a k e ; to procure; to A. ITHA', v. n. 1 . A making seize ; to adopt. or letting (one) follow (another). 2. 1 ilül To take or seize an opA following after (another). 3 . A portunity . succession of similar soundingO words,' I j \ j jfcl To take, come to, adopt a resolution. as tag-rag, fiddle-faddle, etc., which, T. ı V j ^ a t d i r m ä q , V. t. \. To make separately, may o r not be in use or have meaning* (a form of speech or or let (a thing) be thrown. 2. To rhetorical figure much used in Arabic, make or let (cotton wool, etc.) be Persian a n d Turkish); as J'j?- carded w i t h a bow. 3. To effect or women and children, and the like. I n allow (a functionary) t o be thrown, conversation, every Turkish word, out of office. 4. To make or let (a substantive, adjective, or verb, can thing) become white, bright, or faded be repeated with a letter m for itsin colour. (See t . j t ' î ) T. dUj-vTİ etdirmeK, V. t. For initial. This second word is for o u r and so on, and such like. Thus, 1-» q. V. A. etrüb, s. pl. of v / Children IİU Pasha i or pashas and such like; or y o u n g people of about t h e same horses and so on. A. i t t i b ä ' , v. n. 1. A following age w i t h one another. A. ^гУ etrâs, S. pl. of Shields, (after another). 2. A following, conforming, obeying, imitating, copying bucklers. A. И / 1 i t r â ' , v. n. A filling (a vessel).
( 19 ) T U \ I f JL 1 1 S i I i i far (â^ınut), w a r Ota(iiiJ> m e e b m e , Ш)> »
