FACULTY ACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)
LECTURER NAME PN. NURUL SYUHADAH GROUP NO No !
ASSESSMENT ASSES DASSIGNMENT UE DATE SUB MISSIOSMENT N DATE FORM REMARKS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH -on time/- late (MEM 603)
EMD
M
Name NINA AMALINA BT ABDUL MUTALIB
G#i$eline)
Le*el Sale
Poo+ "-&
!" St#$ent ID %"!&'%&!(&
Sati),ato+ (-0
Goo$ -'
A))e))ment C+ite+ia 2Re3o+t4 5ei67t 284 Int+o$#tion ( Content/ Dia6+am)/;i6#+e)/ Di)#))ion Di)#))ion an$ Conl#)ion Pa+t A- Ai$ent In*e)ti6ation &" Pa+t B- P+e*entati*e Ation %" Pa+t C - I$enti,iation %" ;o+mat< Lan6#a6e an$ O+6ani=ation !" Re,e+ene) an$ itation ( TOTAL !"">
Sale 24
Eellent 1-!"
Total9 8 :
REMARKS?
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank ALLAH !W!T! for "i#in" $e the o%%ortunit& to finish this %ro'e(t on ti$e! Without His )lessin", I would ne#er )e a)le to finish this task!
e(ondl&, it is a "enuine %leasure to e*%ress our dee% sense of thanks and "ratitude to $& le(turer +n! Nurul &uhada who "uide, tea(h and hel% $e to (o$%lete $& $ini %ro'e(t in O((u%ational afet& and Health ME-./01 whi(h $ake a re%ort for a((ident in#esti"ation and %re#ention a(tion!
Ne*t, it is $& %ri#ile"e to thank all friends for their kind hel% and (oo%eration throu"hout (o$%letion of this %ro'e(t!
Finall&, I would like to thank $& fa$il& for their understandin", en(oura"e$ent and su%%ort, towards the (o$%letion of $& %ro'e(t! Thank &ou so $u(h!
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank ALLAH !W!T! for "i#in" $e the o%%ortunit& to finish this %ro'e(t on ti$e! Without His )lessin", I would ne#er )e a)le to finish this task!
e(ondl&, it is a "enuine %leasure to e*%ress our dee% sense of thanks and "ratitude to $& le(turer +n! Nurul &uhada who "uide, tea(h and hel% $e to (o$%lete $& $ini %ro'e(t in O((u%ational afet& and Health ME-./01 whi(h $ake a re%ort for a((ident in#esti"ation and %re#ention a(tion!
Ne*t, it is $& %ri#ile"e to thank all friends for their kind hel% and (oo%eration throu"hout (o$%letion of this %ro'e(t!
Finall&, I would like to thank $& fa$il& for their understandin", en(oura"e$ent and su%%ort, towards the (o$%letion of $& %ro'e(t! Thank &ou so $u(h!
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A2T3A-T
The o)'e(ti#e of this %ro'e(t is to identif& ethi(al %rin(i%les and (o$$it to %rofessional ethi(s and res%onsi)ilities and nor$s of en"ineerin" %ra(ti(e! In order to (o$%lete this task, we are askin" to sele(t a %arti(ular -ase tud& as listed in A%%endi* 4! The ste% that should )e taken to (o$%lete this task listed )elow 56 4! I$a" I$a"in ine e &ou &ou are are safe safet& t& offi offi(e (er7 r7 &ou &ou re(e re(ei# i#ed ed the the info infor$ r$at atio ion n re"a re"ard rdin in" " the the a((ident as listed in A%%endi* 4! 8! +art +art A6 9o 9ou is re:uire re:uired d to e*%lain e*%lain ea(h ea(h ste% ste% in order order to (arr& out out the the a((id a((iden entt in#esti" in#esti"atio ation n with with %rofess %rofessiona ionall& ll& ethi(s, ethi(s, fill the suita)l suita)le e for$ and %re%are %re%are the a((ident re%ort! 0! +art +art 26 +ro# +ro#id ide e su"" su""es esti tion ons s for for %re# %re#en enti ti# #e a(tio (tion, n, es%e es%e(i (ial all& l& in ter ter$ of en"ineerin" (ontrol in order to a#oid si$ilar a((idents ha%%en in the (o$%an&! su%%orted with rele#ant %hoto;te(hni(al dia"ra$s;drawin"s; for$1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
+A3T A A--IDENT IN>ETIGATION AFET9 OFFI-E3 D?TIE +HAE 29 +HAE TO HEALTH AND AFET9 IN>ETIGATION • •
+A3T 2 HIE3A-H9 OF -ONT3OL •
ELIMINATION AND ?2TIT?TION
•
ENGINEE3ING -ONT3OL
•
•
ADMINIT3ATI>E -ONT3OL +E3ONAL +3OTE-TI>E E@?I+MENT AND -LOTHING
+A3T -AE T?D9 • •
DE-3I+TION ETHI-AL I?E
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PART A ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Nowada&s, there are lot (ases of a((ident ha%%ened in Mala&sia in#ol#in" the safet& and health of workers at the work%la(e! 2ased on the definition, the word a((identB (an )e defined as an un%lanned e#ent that interru%ts the (o$%letion of an a(ti#it&, and that $a& or $a& not in(lude in'ur& or %ro%ert& da$a"e C4! Ideall&, the a((ident (an (ause $an& %ro)le$ in(ludin" in'uries, death, loss of e:ui%$ent, trau$a and others! The $ain %oint for a((ident in#esti"ation is to hel% the in#esti"ator identified the root (auses and haard of the a((ident! When the (auses are esta)lished, the ne*t ste% is identified the %re(autions and i$%le$ented to %re#ent a re(urren(e! As a ste%6 )&6ste% "uide, it will hel% all or"aniation, %arti(ularl& s$aller )usinesses, to (arr& out their own health and safet& in#esti"ations! In#esti"atin" a((idents and in(idents e*%lains wh& we need to (arr& out in#esti"ations and takes &ou throu"h ea(h ste% of the %ro(ess C<5
te% 45 Gatherin" the infor$ation te% 85 Anal&in" the infor$ation te% 05 Identif&in" risk (ontrol $easures te% <5 The a(tion %lan and its i$%le$entation
In#esti"ators $ust alwa&s kee% in $ind that effe(ti#e a((ident in#esti"ation $eans fa(t6 findin", not fault6findin" C8! 2ased on the findin" o)tained fro$ the in#esti"ation %ro(ess, it is easier to take ste%s (ontrol to $ini$ie or eli$inate the %ossi)le (auses of an a((ident! This %ra(ti(e (an hel% %re#ent si$ilar a((ident fro$ ha%%enin" in the future! 2elow is the (riteria of effe(ti#e in(ident in#esti"ation %ro"ra$ that listed )& OHA C0
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Effective Incident Investigation Programs
-learl& state eas& ‐to‐ follow written %ro(edures
+ro#ide for %ersonnel to )e trained on in(ident in#esti"ation and (o$%an&
%ro(edures
Offer (olla)oration )etween workers, worker re%resentati#es, and $ana"e$ent
Fo(us on identif&in" root (auses1, not on esta)lishin" fault
E$%hasie (orre(tin" root (auses1
I$%le$ent ti$el& (orre(ti#e a(tions )ased on in#esti"ation findin"s
+ro#ide for an annual %ro"ra$ re#iew to identif& and (orre(t %ro"ra$ defi(ien(ies and identif& in(ident trends
In "eneral, the in#esti"ation %ro(ess need to (ondu(t )& so$eone who has full& knowled"ea)le of the work %ro(esses, so$eone who has e*%erien(ed in a((ident (ausation and e*%erien(ed in in#esti"ati#e te(hni:ues! In $ost (ases, the su%er#isor should hel% in#esti"ate the e#ent C<! Other $e$)ers of the tea$ (an in(lude5 4! afet& offi(er 8! E$%lo&ees with knowled"e of the work 0! Health and safet& (o$$ittee
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!" Safet# officer A safet& offi(er is assi"n to $onitors work%la(e a(ti#ities in ensure that the
workers (o$%l& with (o$%an& %oli(ies and safet& re"ulation! The duties s(o%es for safet& offi(er are #ar&in" in(ludin" safet& ins%e(tion and a((ident in#esti"ation! Other s%e(ifi( res%onsi)ilities of safet& offi(er are5 4!
3es%onsi)le for $onitorin" and assessin" haardous and unsafe situations
8!
3es%onsi)le to (orre(t unsafe a(ts throu"h the re"ular line of authorit&
0!
3es%onsi)le to $aintain awareness of a(ti#e and de#elo%in" situations!
3es%onsi)le to ensure the ite afet& and Health +lan is %re%ared and i$%le$ented!
$" 3es%onsi)le to ensure there are safet& $essa"es in ea(h a((ident A(tion
+lan
Generall&, when (o$e to the a((ident in#esti"ation, onl& one safet& offi(er will )e assi"ned for ea(h site! The safet& offi(er $a& ha#e assistants if ne(essar& and that assistan(e $a& re%resent assistin" a"en(ies! o$e a(tion %lan for safet& offi(er when in#ol#es in a((ident in#esti"ation are5
4! Fro$ initial res%onse, the safet& offi(er needs to do(u$ent the haard anal&sis %ro(ess, identifi(ation of haard, e*%osure assess$ent and (ontrols! 8! afet& offi(er need to %arti(i%ate in %lannin" $eetin"s to identif& an& health 0!
and safet& (on(erns inherent in the o%erations dail& work %lan! afet& offi(er $ust re#iew the In(ident A(tion +lan for safet& i$%li(ations! E*er(ise e$er"en(& authorit& to %re#ent or sto% unsafe a(ts! In#esti"ate a((idents that ha#e o((urred within in(ident areas! Ensure %re%aration and i$%le$entation of ite afet& and Health +lan
H+1 ! Assi"n assistants and $ana"e the in(ident safet& or"aniation! ! 3e#iew and a%%ro#e the Medi(al +lan I- 8/.1!
On to% of that, the in#esti"ation also "i#es so$e )enefits for s%e(ifi( %erson, (o$$unit& and or"aniation! 2elow is the list of )enefits arisin" fro$ an in#esti"ation 76
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•
The %re#ention of further si$ilar ad#erse e#ents! If there is a serious a((ident, the re"ulator& authorities will take a fir$ line if &ou ha#e i"nored %re#ious warnin"s!
•
The %re#ention of )usiness losses due to disru%tion, sto%%a"e, lost orders and the (osts of (ri$inal and (i#il le"al a(tions!
•
An i$%ro#e$ent in e$%lo&ee $orale and attitude towards health and safet&! E$%lo&ees will )e $ore (oo%erati#e in i$%le$entin" new safet& %re(autions if the& were in#ol#ed in the de(ision and the& (an see that %ro)le$s are dealt with!
•
The de#elo%$ent of $ana"erial skills whi(h (an )e readil& a%%lied to other areas of the or"aniation!
P%ase &# P%ase to %ea't% and safet# investigations ()*"
Generall&, a((ident in#esti"ation %ro(ess (an )e di#ided in three $a'or %hases! The first %hases %la&s a (ru(ial role in %rote(t the e#iden(e ne(essar& to (ondu(t the in#esti"ation! The se(ond %hases $ore to (olle(tin" e#iden(e and "ather the infor$ation! A(tion and (orre(tion is the last %hase in a((ident in#esti"ation! A" P+ASE I
At the %hase 4, the role and res%onsi)ilities are $ore fo(used on the su%er#isor! The su%er#isor is the one who (an lead their worker durin" the e$er"en(& a((ident )efore safet& offi(er take a %la(e on in#esti"ation %ro(ess! There are se#en ste%s of in#esti"ation ena)le in %hase 45 !" Ta,e contro' of t%e accident scene
The su%er#isor %la&s a (ru(ial role in this ste% where he need to take (har"e and a(t fast when a((ident is ha%%ened! ?suall& %eo%le are tend to rea(t differentl&
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as the& are (urios and (onfused %ro)a)l& effe(t fro$ i$$ediate a((ident! u%er#isor is the one who should lead his worker durin" e$er"en(& situation! -" Provide first aid and ca'' for emergenc# services
The su%er#isor also needs to %ro#ide first aid and (all for e$er"en(& ser#i(es if ne(essar&! The a(t $ust de%end on the (urrent situation! ." Contro' /otentia' secondar# accidents
The su%er#isor $ust )e a)le to s%ot %otential %ro)le$ and warn other! There $i"ht )e another a((ident if the situations )e(o$e un(ontrolled! )" Identif# so0rces of evidence at t%e scene
At this ste%, the su%er#isor needs to identif& e#iden(e at the s(ene to ensure that the e#iden(e not )e re$o#ed durin" e$er"en(& res%onse! $" Preserve evidence from a'teration or remova'
The su%er#isor need to ensure the e#iden(e $ust )e %reser#ed! He need to infor$ his worker to kee% the e#iden(e not )ein" $o#ed fro$ the ori"inal %la(es! 1" Investigate to determine t%e 'oss /otentia'
The su%er#isor need to state how serious the a((ident and the %otential it is likel& to o((ur a"ain! The safet& offi(er (an then de(ide how in6de%th the in#esti"ation should )e! 2" Notif# a//ro/riate managers
The su%er#isor needs to notif& the a%%ro%riate $ana"er a)out the a((ident!
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B" P+ASE II
At the se(ond %hase, the role are likel& fo(us on res%onsi)ilit& of safet& offi(er! afet& offi(er is the one who has the res%onsi)ilit& to (ondu(t a((ident in#esti"ation! He need to find the (auses of the a((ident in this %hase, then enterin" the last %hase whi(h is a(tion and i$%le$ent! This %hase has 0 ste%s as a "uidelines to (ondu(t the a((ident in#esti"ation su((essfull&5 STEP ! Infor$ation "atherin"
The first ste% when (o$e to a((ident in#esti"ation is "atherin" as $u(h as %ossi)le the re:uired infor$ation! The safet& offi(er need to find out what a(tuall& ha%%ened and what (onditions and a(tions influen(ed the a((ident! All the infor$ation rele#ant need to )e (olle(t in(ludin" o%inions, o)ser#ation, $easure$ent, %hoto"ra%h, sket(h, (he(k sheets, %er$it6to6work and detail of the en#iron$ental (onditions at the ti$e! This infor$ation $ust )e re(orded and ke%t in note for$ fro$ initial in#esti"ation until the in#esti"ation is (o$%lete! o$e "uideline what should )e done )& safet& offi(er are5 4! afet& offi(er and his assistan(e need to e*%lores all reasona)le lines of en:uir& 8! The& need to settin" out (learl& what is known, what is not known and re(ords the in#esti"ati#e %ro(ess 0! The ne*t ste% is :uestioned W 4H a)out the %ro)le$ in(ludin" where, when, what, who, wh& and how! For e*a$%le of rele#ant :uestion are5 Where and when did the ad#erse e#ent ha%%en Who was in'ured;suffered ill health or was otherwise in#ol#ed with the • •
•
ad#erse e#ent How did the ad#erse e#ent ha%%en Note an& e:ui%$ent in#ol#ed What a(ti#ities were )ein" (arried out at the ti$e Was there an&thin" unusual or different a)out the workin" (onditions Were there ade:uate safe workin" %ro(edures and were the&
•
followed What in'uries or ill health effe(ts, if an&, were (aused
• • •
STEP - Ana'#sis
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The ne*t ste% after "atherin" all the rele#ant infor$ation is )& doin" the anal&sis to find the (ause of the ad#erse e#ent! This anal&sis in#ol#es e*a$inin" the fa(t and deter$inin" what ha%%ened and wh&! The safet& offi(er need to ensure that all the infor$ation is e*a$ined thorou"hl& to a#oid $issin" infor$ation! In addition, the anal&sis $ust )e free fro$ )ias, so all the %ossi)le (ause is full& (onsidered! Durin" the anal&sis %ro(ess, the safet& offi(er need to identif& so$e of the issue in(ludin"5 4! The se:uen(e of e#ents and (onditions that led u% to the ad#erse e#ent ?nderstandin" the relationshi%s )etween fa(tors, root (auses and the o defined %ro)le$! 8! The i$$ediate (auses of the a((ident o Failure to warn the %otential haard! 0! The underl&in" (auses a(tions in the %ast that ha#e allowed or (aused undete(ted unsafe o %ra(ti(es )" The root (auses o or"aniational and $ana"e$ent health and safet& arran"e$ents o su%er#ision, $onitorin", trainin", resour(es allo(ated to health and safet& In a((ident in#esti"ation, there are so$e $ethods that are a%%li(a)le in anal&in" the infor$ation "athered to find i$$ediate, underl&in" and root (auses! One of the suita)le $ethods is5
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3%at %a//ened and 4%#5
Victim breaks his 5HY@ BECAUSE
5HY@
Victim is on ladder BECAUSE
5HY@
#alling d$e to
ictim !alls o" 5HY@
BECAUSE
5HY@
&ccess to the roo!
'he ladder sli(s BECAUSE 5HY@
'he ladder is not
Fro$ the dia"ra$ we (an see the hierar(h& of the %ro)le$ and its res%e(ti#e reasons! The )est %ra(ti(e in understandin" what ha%%ened and wh& is )& or"anie the infor$ation "athered! The (on(e%t is si$%le )& :uestioned Jwh& o#er and o#er until the answer is no lon"er $eanin"ful! Fro$ this e*a$%le we (an see that the startin" %oint is the Je#ent, e" Iat has )roken his le"! Followin" the line )elow, set out the reason wh& Iat has )roken his le"! This first line should identif& the #ulnera)le %erson, the haard and the (ir(u$stan(e that )rou"ht the$ to"ether! Then ask Jwh& for ea(h reason and (ontinue down askin" Jwh& until the answer is no lon"er $eanin"ful! Durin" this sta"e, do not (are on how $an& ti$es the :uestion JWh& is asked to the %ro)le$s )e(ause at the end the real (auses of the a((ident will )e found! 2& (olle(tin" the rele#ant infor$ation and deter$ine what ha%%ened and wh&, the in#esti"ator (an anal&ses the (ause of the a((ident s&ste$ati(all&!
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C" P+ASE III
At the last %hase, it is essential to (o$e out with the solution of the %ro)le$ and i$%le$entation to (ontrol safet& and health! This %hase (an )e di#idin" into two ste%s in(ludin" risk (ontrol $easure and a(tion %lan fro$ o#erall a((ident in#esti"ation! STEP ! Identif#ing s0ita&'e ris, contro' meas0res
One need to identif& the risk (ontrol $easure and set out what need to )e done, when and )& who$! This %ra(ti(e is to ensure the ti$eta)le for i$%le$entation is $onitored! Ideall&, $easures that rel& on en"ineerin" risk (ontrol $easures are $ore relia)le than those that rel& on %eo%le! The role of safet& offi(er at this %hase in(ludin"5 4! Identif& the additional $easures needed to address the i$$ediate, underl&in" and root (auses! 8! Identif& and (o$%are the %ra(ti(e underlined as re:uired )& (odes of %ra(ti(e and "uidan(e! 0! +ro#ide $eanin"ful re(o$$endation that (an )e i$%le$ented at the work%la(e! In order to de(ide whi(h risk (ontrol $easure are $ore re(o$$end and $ore %riorit&, the followin" $easure need to )e identified5 4! Measures whi(h eli$inate the risk ?se inherentl& safe %rodu(ts, su(h as a water6)ased %rodu(t rather than a h&dro(ar)on6)ased sol#ent! 8! Measures whi(h (o$)at the risk at sour(e! +ro#ision of "uardin"! 0! Measures whi(h $ini$ise the risk )& rel&in" on hu$an )eha#ior afe workin" %ro(edures and the a%%ro%riate use of %ersonal %rote(ti#e e:ui%$ent!
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STEP - Action /'an and im/'ementation The ne*t ste% in %hase two after identif& risk (ontrol is a(tion %lan and i$%le$entation! This se(ond %ra(ti(e (an )e said as the desired out(o$e of a thorou"h in#esti"ation! The %oint that need to )e (onsider in a(tion %lan in(ludin" C5 41 +ro#ide an a(tion %lan with MA3T o)'e(ti#es 6%e(ifi( M6Measura)le, A6A"reed 363ealisti( T6Ti$es(ale 81 Ensure that the a(tion %lan deals effe(ti#el& with i$$ediate, underl&in" and root (auses! 01 Ensure the findin" and re(o$$endations are (orre(t, address the issues and realisti(! <1 in(lude lessons that $a& )e a%%lied to %re#ent other ad#erse e#ents, assess$ents of skill and trainin" in (o$%eten(ies $a& )e needed for other •
areas of the or"aniation7 1 hould )e fed )a(k into a re#iew of the risk assess$ent! The A%%ro#ed -ode of +ra(ti(e atta(hed to the Mana"e$ent of Health and •
afet& at Work 3e"ulations 4 re"ulation 0 %ara"ra%h 8.1, states that ad#erse e#ents should )e a tri""er for re#iewin" risk assess$ents17 C. .1 The result of the in#esti"ation and the a(tion %lan $ust to )e share with e#er&one who need to know! 26 In(lude arran"e$ents to ensure the a(tion %lan is i$%le$ented and %ro"ress $onitored!
STEP . REPORT OF FINDINGS It is a "ood %ra(ti(e to do(u$ent what &ou find fro$ &our risk assess$ent! This in(ludes notin" the haards, how %eo%le $i"ht )e har$ed )& the$, and whats alread& in %la(e to (ontrol the risk! This do(u$entation doesnt need to )e (o$%li(ated, )ut it (an hel% &ou (o$$uni(ate and $ana"e risks in &our work%la(e!
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A((ident In#esti"ation 3e%ort Date o, in*e)ti6ation
In#esti"ator
Date o, in#+
In'ured worker
+ro'e(t lo(ation
+ro'e(t u%er#isor
M!O!L! notified In'ured address5
No
9es
oint H -o$$ittee in %la(e
No
9es
workers
Nature of in'ur& re%orted in'ured )od& %art15
Fa(tors that led u% to a((ident5
+ro'e(t afet& 3e%resentati#e5 -o$$ents5
Na$es and addresses of witnesses and their (o$$ents %lease use )a(k for additional (o$$ents15
3e(o$$endations for (orre(ti#e $easures5
-orre(ti#e $easures taken
In#esti"ator i"nature
N;A
9es
To follow u% on
Date1
+resident
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A((ident In#esti"ation 3e%ort Em/'o#er
Na$e5
Address5
T&%e of )usiness5
In70red Em/'o#ee
Last na$e5
First na$e5
O((u%ation5
Address5 A"e5
E*%erien(e at work in#ol#ed5
Nature of in'ur&5
Accident 8 In70r#
First aider5
Medi(al treat$ent5
Na$e and address of do(tor5 Hos%ital5 Date and ti$e of a((ident5 +ro'e(t and lo(ation of a((ident5 Date and ti$e a((ident re%orted to su%er#isor5 Date and ti$e a((ident re%orted to MOL5 Na$e of MOL re%resentati#e who took the (all5 Date and ti$e a((ident re%orted to head offi(e5 Na$es and addresses of witnesses5
Bac,gro0nd
Who $ade the work assi"n$ent Dire(tions the e$%lo&ee re(ei#ed )efore startin" work5
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Were an& s%e(ifi( %ro(edures in#ol#ed
9es
No
N;A
Des(ri%tion of $a(hiner& or e:ui%$ent in#ol#ed5
Accident Descri/tion
E*%lain what ha%%ened what, where, when, who, how1!
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
S,etc% 8 Diagram
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Immediate Ca0se
9nder'#ing Ca0ses
+o4 can t%e accident &e /revented from %a//ening again5
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
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3%at ste/s %ave &een ta,en to /revent a rec0rrence of t%e accident5
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Action B#
Re/ort Pre/ared B#
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A((ident 3e%ort In#+e$ 5o+e+) La)t Name
;i+)t Name
O#3ation
Loation 87e+e in#+/ai$ent o#++e$
;i+)t Ai$ P+o*i$e+
Ho)3ital o+ Clini Atten$e$ ,o+ Me$ial Ai$
T+eatin6 P7)iian) Name
Nat#+e o, In#+
P+oet Loation o, Ai$ent/In#+
Pe+)on 87o t+an)3o+te$ em3loee 5ill t7i) e a lo)t time in#+@
)o
*es
I) in#+ 8o+-+elate$@
5e+e an )#ont+ato+) in*ol*e$@
)o
*es
5a) t7e MOL alle$ !@
)o
*es
)o
*es
Injury Details
Date an$ Ho#+ o, In#+ Da
Mont7
Yea+
Date an$ Ho#+ Re3o+te$ to Em3loe+ Time
Da
Mont7
Yea+
Time
a.m. 3.m.
Date an$ Ho#+ La)t 5o+e$ Da
Mont7
Yea+
a.m. 3.m.
No+mal 5o+in6 Ho#+) Time a.m. 3.m.
,+om
to a.m. 3.m.
a.m. 3.m.
57o 8a) t7e in#+ +e3o+te$ to@ 57at a#)e$ t7e in#+@ De)+ie t7e in#+< t7e o$ 3a+t in*ol*e$ an$ )3ei, le,t o+ +i67t )i$e 2#)e a o, )7eet i, nee))a+4.
De)+ie t7e 8o+e+) ati*itie) at t7e time o, t7e in#+. Inl#$e $etail) o, eF#i3ment o+ mate+ial) #)e$ 2#)e a o, )7eet i, nee))a+4.
1
+easons to call the ,-./ !atalit% critical in$ries dened as an in$r% o! a serio$s nat$re that/ (laces li!e in eo(ard% (rod$ces $nconscio$sness res$lts in s$bstantial loss o! blood inoles the !ract$re o! a leg or arm inoles the am($tation o! a leg arm hand or !oot consists o! b$rns to a maor (ortion o! the bod% ca$ses the loss o! sight in an e%e re e(losion or haardo$s material release lost time in$ries or accident re$iring medical treatment occ$(ational illnesses an% orker ho has had their !all arrested an% (rescribed incident or (ro(ert% damage :;500<
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Di$ anone el)e 8itne)) t7e ai$ent o+ no8 mo+e ao#t t7e in#+@
PART B +IERAC+: OF CONTROLS O((u%ational safet& and health %rofessionals use the hierar(h& of (ontrol shown in the fi"ure )elow1 to deter$ine how to i$%le$ent feasi)le and effe(ti#e (ontrols! This a%%roa(h "rou%s a(tions )& their likel& effe(ti#eness in redu(in" or re$o#in" the fallin" haard!
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ELI;INATION AND S9BSTIT9TION
Eli$inate the haards (o$%letel& alwa&s (o$es to %riorit& as the first (hoi(e! Then, the su)stitution (o$es ne*t in#ol#es re%la(in" the $aterial or %ro(ess with a less haardous one! C There are :uestion needs to (onsider re"ardin" these o%tions in(ludin"5 4! Is there an& safer wa&s to %erfor$ the task o
If fallin" is a haard, eli$inate the risk )& storin" sto(k at lower hei"hts so workers dont ha#e to (li$) ladders to rea(h the "oods!
8! -an the task %erfor$ at another %la(e o
Dont do the 'o) at hei"ht if &ou (an do it on the "round!
0! -an workers use so$ethin" less har$ful o
If (onstru(tion6hea#& industrial e:ui%$ent are a haard, (onsider su)stitutin" with new or safer e:ui%$ent!
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ENGINEERING CONTROLS
If the haards (annot )e eli$inate or su)stitute, the )est o%tions is en"ineerin" (ontrol! These in#ol#e usin" work e:ui%$ent or other $eans to %re#ent workers fro$ )ein" e*%osed to a haard! En"ineerin" (ontrols are %h&si(al (han"es to the work%la(e and $a& in(lude e:ui%$ent "uardin", "uardrails, traffi( (ontrol lanes and )arriers )etween #ehi(les and %edestrians, and $an& other o%tions! For e*a$%le, while workin" at hei"hts (annot )e a#oided in (onstru(tion, "uardrails (an )e installed to %re#ent falls fro$ ha%%enin"! Guardrails are an e*a$%le of an en"ineerin" (ontrol! En"ineerin" (ontrols e*a$%les in(ludin"5 4! ?se %la(es that are alread& safe whi(h e:ui% with %er$anent or te$%orar& "uardrails and )uilt s(affold!
8! +ut on ed"e %rote(tion, "uardrails and s(reens )efore ere(tin" a stru(ture!
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0!
3edu(e the nu$)er of %ersonnel that ha#e to "o near the ed"e and the nu$)er of ti$es the& ha#e to "o!
+ut u% de)ris nettin" to (at(h an& fallin" o)'e(ts! A lot of the risk in#ol#ed in workin" at hei"hts (an )e de6 si"ned out! Often &ou (an $ake stru(tural (han"es to the work s&ste$s or work en#iron$ent that would %re#ent falls and $ake for a safer work%la(e!
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3isk $ana"e$ent6 workin" at hei"ht
STEP !? Dete+mine +e)3on)iilitie) in mana in ,allin +e*ention
STEP %? I$enti, all )it#ation 87e+e )omeone mi 7t ,all ,+om 7ei 7t.
STEP ? Un$e+tae a +i) a))e))ment on t7o)e )it#ation i$enti,ie$
STEP &? Con)i$e+ 87at )a,et mea)#+e) a+e nee$e$ to eliminate
STEP (? Im3lement )a,et mea)#+e
STEP ? C7e )a,et mea)#+e) a+e a$e #ate.
STEP 0? En)#+e eme+6en 3+oe$#+e) a+e in 3lae in a)e o, a ,all.
STEP '? En)#+e all 3lant an$ )a,et mea)#+e) a+e a$eF#atel $e)i6ne$ an$ maintaine$.
STEP 1? C7e +i) a))e))ment an$
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AD;INISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Ad$inistrati#e (ontrols in#ol#e identif&in" and i$%le$entin" safe work %ro(edures so &our workers (an %erfor$ their 'o) duties safel&! The findin"s of &our risk assess$ent will for$ the )asis of these safe work %ro(edures! E*a$%les of ad$inistrati#e (ontrols in(lude 4!
I$%le$entin" %erson6(he(k %ro(edures and %rohi)itin" the use of $o)ile %hones while workers are dri#in"!
8!
-reate an e*(lusion one to restri(t a((ess to areas where there is work takin" %la(e a)o#e!
0!
+ut u% (lear si"na"e to warn %eo%le of fall areas, o%en %its and unsafe (onditions!
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Gi#e e$%lo&ees infor$ation and trainin" on the standard %ro(edures and safet& %oli(ies!
!
3e"ularl& undertake and re(ord $aintenan(e, ins%e(tion and testin" of s&ste$s and e:ui%$ent to ensure it is suita)le as well as suffi(ient!
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE E<9IP;ENT AND CLOT+ING
?sin" %ersonal %rote(ti#e e:ui%$ent ++E1 is another i$%ortant (ontrol to %rote(t workers! ++E should )e in "ood (ondition and )e used )& trained workers! 4!
Footwear that is suita)le to %re#ent sli%s!
8!
un"lasses to $ake sure that an e$%lo&ee at hei"ht is not at risk due to "lare or refle(tion!
0!
afet& hel$ets that will re$ain in %la(e in the e#ent of a fall!
Wear safet& harnesses as se(ondar& fall %rote(tion!
!
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PART C CASE ST9D: Identif& the ethi(al %rin(i%les and %rofessional ethi(s e*ist; %otential to ha%%en to the (ase stud& that &ou ha#e (hosen!
E*a$%le5 (onstru(tion industr& = ethi(al issues5
(orru%tion, $aterials used are out of s%e(ifi(ation et(!
CASE ST9D:
DESCRIPTION
CASE
Died fallin" fro$ hei"ht Lo(ation
PLACE
Ta%ak )ina, ohor
ACCIDENT
The #i(ti$ fell fro$ the roof as the roof installation works is )ein" (arried out
IN=9RIES
Fatal erious )odil& in'ur&
;AIN CA9SE
No safe work %ro(edure
3oofin" is "enerall& (onsidered as (onstru(tion a(ti#it& and so the fa(tors affe(tin" roofin" and how these (an )e stru(tured are lar"el& si$ilar to those for the (onstru(tion industr& as a whole!
Do$esti(
as well as industrial
roofin",
and
new
(onstru(tion
as
well
as
re%air;$aintenan(e were (o#ered in the worksho% in(ludin" the followin" a(ti#ities5 Q
LATING AND TILING7 in(ludin" (la&, (on(rete, natural and $an6$ade slate, steel, )itu$in and wooden shin"les and shakes!
Q
HEETING AND -LADDING7 in(ludin" %rofiled self6su%%ortin" fi)er (e$ent, steel, alu$iniu$ and full& su%%orted $etals with fillers, sealants, fi*in"s and fasteners and roof li"hts!
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Q
FLAT 3OOFING7 in(ludin" )uilt u% felt roofin", sin"le %l&, $asti( as%halt, li:uid a%%lied water%roofin" and dr& seal!
3oofers as a trade are those who ha#e )een trained to undertake s%e(ialist roof work! This is distin(t fro$ %eo%le who ha%%en to work on roofs, for e*a$%le, 'oiners! It was sus%e(ted that $an& of the latter (ases will )e (lassed as roofers in a((ident statisti(s e#en thou"h te(hni(all& the& are not! E#en within the roofin" trade there are different le#els of :ualifi(ation!
Q
The &oun"er and older workers are at $ost risk of falls fro$ hei"ht due to la(k of awareness in the for$er (ase and (o$%la(en(& in the latter D<1!
Q
Fati"ue a$on" roofers, for e*a$%le throu"h al(ohol or ha#in" $ore than one 'o), $a& )e a si"nifi(ant fa(tor whi(h in so$e (ases warrants $ore attention D1!
Q
The %ro#ision of infor$ation ; ad#i(e D1 to roofers is an area where i$%ro#e$ents are needed! The $ain issue a%%ears to )e that infor$ation is not %it(hed at the le#el that workers need, either )ein" too (o$%li(ated or too "eneri(!
Q
The e&esi"ht of the workfor(e is a health area that has )een o#erlooked and needs further in#esti"ation D.1!
Q
-o$%lian(e in the industr& was thou"ht to )e %oor with e#en skilled %eo%le takin" unne(essar& risks D1! This see$s to )e in"rained in the (ulture, and %eo%le are allowed to "et awa& with safet& #iolations too often!
Q
Man& a((idents ha#e )een seen whi(h are due to the weather and %erha%s $ore (ontrol is needed in this area D441!
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Q
Trainin" was seen as indis%ensa)le for an& roofin" work D41! A $a'or %ro)le$ area is that the self6e$%lo&ed are unlikel& to ha#e an& for$al trainin" O81!
Q
In(ident $ana"e$ent and feed)a(k O1 is an area that has the %otential to raise awareness of the haards in#ol#ed in work at hei"ht! -o$%anies are doin" nothin" in this res%e(t, and it is )ein" left to the NF3- to dri#e this area!
Q
u%er#ision O.1 was identified as a ke& area for i$%ro#in" safet& in work at hei"ht! u%er#ision at the $o$ent does not (arr& enou"h safet& res%onsi)ilit&
Q
HE ha#e an i$%ortant role to %la& in i$%ro#in" safet& in the industr& E81! The ke& a(ti#ities were thou"ht to )e $ore site #isits and warnin"s alon" with disse$ination of infor$ation in order to raise awareness! It was re(o"nied that HE are under resour(ed at %resent, and this li$its how $u(h the& (an do in these areas!
Et%ica' Iss0e
There are to% fi#e (ate"ories of fatalities in the (onstru(tion industr& na$el& falls, ele(tro(utions, #ehi(le rollo#er, %ersonnel run o#er )& #ehi(le and e*(a#ation (a#eins C! A((ident is not ha%%ened without an& reason, there should )e (aused )& unsafe a(t, unsafe (ondition or )oth! The (auses of a((idents in Ta%ak 2ina ohor were found are failure of workers to o)e& work %ro(edures, work at hi"h ele#ation, %oor site $ana"e$ent and %oor workers attitude a)out safet&! In the (onstru(tion %ro'e(t, $one& is a)solutel& the i$%ortant thin"! To "et the su((ess %ro'e(t, we $ust (onsider on :ualit&, ti$e and (ost! All these three $ain o)'e(ti#e are related with safet&! A((ident will )e ha%%en an&ti$e if worker and the
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(o$%an& did not follow the safet& re"ulation! If safet& is ne"li"i)le, it $a& affe(t the ti$e of (o$%letin" the %ro'e(t, and also (an in(reasin" the (ost! Trainin" should %ro#ide workers with the ne(essar& knowled"e, skills and hands6 on work e*%erien(e to (arr& out their work effi(ientl& and safel&! The fa(t that so$eone has )een doin" the sa$e 'o) for a lon" ti$e does not ne(essaril& $ean that the& ha#e the ne(essar& skills or e*%erien(e to do it safel&!
o$e of the ethi(al %ro)le$s that $i"ht arise at Ta%ak 2ina ohor follow5 4! La(k of instru(tion and trainin" $a& $ean that tasks are not done %ro%erl&7 8! Misunderstandin"s, whi(h arise $ore easil& when e$%lo&ees la(k understandin" of the usual routines and %ro(edures in the or"aniation7 0! A la(k of res%e(t for the risks in#ol#ed, due to i"noran(e of the %otential (onse:uen(es7
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