Origin and Growth of Indian Press
Ancient India
-
Education wasn’t wider spread
-
Meaning for communication was inadequate
-
Concentration on strengthening political system
-
Communication through imperial edict on copper plates, rocks, stone pillars
-
Daily news published in small pictures convey through painting
ible !ew testimony published in "#$% by &utenberg, he was the father of 'rinting (echnology (echnology))
Medieval India
-
*uranga+eb *uranga+e b pioneered the concept communication network
-
aquia !avis, specialist news writers who summaries the important events and incidents
-
Cofia !avis, secret spies to collect the news from public
-
!ews etters covers the local news and their leaders e.pedition
-
Calligraphy flourished during this period
New Era
-
Christian missionaries
-
During "% th century printing technology came to /ndia by Christians 0 group of 1athers were travel through coastal areas to convey news to
public
-
ooks, Dictionaries, ible translation)
-
2eptember "$ th, "$$% first printing machine set up in &oa, /ndia)
-
2eptember % th, "$$3 first book 4Doutrina Christ’ was published by 2t) 1rancis 5avier, they used Mental (ypeface (ypeface for printing)
-
/n "$36 4Doutrin a Christ’ was translated in (amil and it’s the first (amil (amil ook in /ndian anguage)
Printing Press in India
-
1irst printing press set up in &oa in "$$%, 2eptember "$ th 4Doutrina Christ’ was printed)
-
2econd printing press set up in Coramandal Coramandal Coast, 41los sancprum’ sancprum’ newsletter printed and it’s it’s the first (amil (amil !adu printing printing press)
-
(hird printing press in ombay, 4him7i 'arekh’ was printed)
-
1ourth printing press in 8erala, 4(a 4(amil mil 'ortuguese Dictionary’ was printed)
-
1ifth printing press in (han7ore district and it’s the second press in (a (amil mil !adu)
*nd ne.t "$years "$years many printing press were set up in /ndia)
-
/n "6 th century &rammar books were published in southern languages) languages)
-
/n "3"# first copy of !ew testimony in (amil was published
-
/n "339 (am (amil-English il-English Dictionary was published)
Newspapers in India - 18 th Centur
-
/n "36:, ;anuary <9 th first newspaper 4engal &a+ette’ by ;ames *ugustus =ickey and =ickey is known as the 1ather of ;ournalism)
-
/n "36:, !ovember second newspaper 4/ndia &a+ette’ by ernard Messnik and 'eter reed)
-
/n "36# third newspaper 4Calcutta &a+ette’ alias 4>riental *dvertiser’
-
/n "36$ "36$ fourth fourth newspaper newspaper 4engal 4engal ;ournal’ ;ournal’ by (homas (homas ;ones ;ones 0 published government advertisement at free free of cost ?above papers were
given postal concession for wide circulation@)
-
/n "36$ 4Madras Courier’ by Aichard ;ohnston
-
/n "369 4ombay =erald’
-
/n "39: 4ombay Courier’
-
/n "39" 4ombay &a+ette’
-
/n "396 4Madras &a+ette’ by Aobert Billiams)
-
/n "39$ 4/ndian =erald’ by =umphreys)
!engal Ga"ette
/t also known as 4Calcutta &eneral *dvertiser’, but it stays alive for two years only) *dvertising *dvertising was prominent the thickness of the paper is similar to hard board, hence the printing wasn’t so clear) /t has only two pages) Most of the news were taken from European newspapers, therefore isn’t attracted by /ndian readers) &overnment scandals were highlighted and it’s totally views against the government, hence to control the engal ga+ette, government of /ndia started 4/ndia &a+ette’)
India Ga"ette
/t was supported by the Calcutta government) 1ancy 7ournalism started in second newspaper itself) *im of the newspaper is to develop their business) /nitially there was fought between engal ga+ette and /ndia ga+ette, typefaces were supplied to both the newspapers but later it was stopped for engal ga+ette) (he si+e of the newspaper is "%.": inches it introduced the column news)
Calcutta Ga"ette alias Oriental Advertiser
/t’s a tabloid, it’s the first newspaper introduced tri language ?English, 'ersia and engali@ printing in single paper) &overnment supported the paper)
Newspapers in Madras
-
/n "36$, 4Madras Courier’ Courier’ the the first newspaper came to Madras, it’s it’s a four four pages pages newspaper newspaper two pages pages for news, third page for for reader’s
forum and last page for advertisements, government decided to give advertisement advertisements) s)
-
(o control the press, press, suddenly suddenly government government passed 4Censorship *ct’ in "39$ "39$ inMadras inMadras ?for particular newspapers@) *fter "399 the the
4Censorship *ct’ was implemented implemented to all newspapers in /ndia) !ew laws to press, before publishing the news proof sheets of the content should submit to the government) =ence 4engal &a+ette’ newspaper banned)
Newspapers in !o#$a
-
/n "369 4ombay =erald’, first newspaper in ombay and it’s a weekly)
-
/n "39: "39: 4ombay Courier’, second second newspaper in ombay and founded ukensh urner by by employees employees of east east /ndia /ndia
Company) ombay courier later renamed as 4ombay(imes’ and in "39", first newspaper published /ndian language advertisements advertisements in &u7arati)
-
1orm ombay (imes two newspapers newspapers were originated, /ndia (imes and ombay &a+ette) &a+ette) /n "39" "39" ombay &a+ette newspaper gave
import to etters to the Editor)
Newspapers in India - 1% th Centur ?eventful period of newspapers growth@
Christian missionaries started newspapers in /ndia and also development of ernacular newspapers started ?/ndian anguage newspapers@)
ord Bilson wants to control the growth of /ndian newspapers - news was against the government) and for 2unday newspapers, news should publish only after references, references, declaration ?imprint, about the newspaper details details and these these details filled filled in Magi state court@ should submit to the government, no military and political news, if press violates the rules then immediate penalty punishments) &overnment introduced concession deposit for newspapers)
-
ord Milton Milton gave gave liberty liberty to newspapers again 4engal &a+ette’ &a+ette’ newspaper came into into play in "6"%, "6"%, under under the ownership of &angadhar &angadhar
hattacharya first /ndian to own the newspapers - remembered as a pioneer of /ndian own newspaper)
-
2ame year, year, ;ames Micken+ie and ;ohn ;ohn ull started first 2unday 2unday newspaper newspaper 4>riental 4>riental star’ and government government banned it) ater ater they they got
permission from court court and started started the paper but court strictly strictly ordered the the paper’s employee employee not to work 2undays) 2undays) 2lowly the liberty liberty to press came into play)
-
/n "6"6, 2harapov missionaries started first newspaper newspaper 4Dig Darshan’ monthly, it space to historical historical data and political political news) Dr) Dr) cray cray was
the editor, after gone through the laws of press the monthly became weekly then changed the 4Dig Darshan’ in engali ?ernacular language@, it survived for four months) *fter four month it renamed as 42amachar Darpan’) "6"9 ;)C) Marshman took over as editor paper sold for one rupee and it becomes bilingual ?engali-=indi@ in "6<9)
-
/n "6"6, "6"6, second second newspaper newspaper 41riend of /ndia’) /ndia’) (he (he 2harapov 2harapov missionaries’ missionaries’ newspapers started to critic the =indu =indu religion religion values) values)
&a'a &a# Mohan &ai
=e was a social and religious reformer) 1ounder 1ounder of rahmo 2 ama7 ?an /ndian socio-religious reform movement@, he fought for women freedom and also abolished practice of sati) =e is the father of /ndian language 7ournalism, because his contribution to 7ournalism was in creditable)
-
/n "6<9 he started his first newspaper 4rahminical Maga+ine’ in engali)
-
Aenamed as 4rahminical 2evedhu’ in =indi-engali)
-
2econd 42amvad 8aumudi’ in engali)
-
4Mirat-ul-*khbar’ first newspaper in 'ersian language)
Aam’s newspaper propagated - freedom of press, /ndians in high ranks of service, and separation of the e.ecutive and 7udiciary 7udiciary,, political philosophy,, liberalism, individualism and philosophy and freedom for women) women)
(a#es )il* !uc*ingha# pioneered the letters to the editor column and write news with human interesting stories) =e believes 7ournalism dispels ignorance and also fought for the freedom of press, hence is called as 4champion of freedom of press’)
-
/n "6"6 4Calcutta ;ournal’- eight pages paper and twice a weekly)
*fter "6<3 /ndian /ndian press divided divided into two parts parts 0 /ndian press press ?support by by /ndian freedom freedom fighters@ *nglo-/ndian *nglo-/ndian press press ?support by by ritish@)
+ueen ,ictoria gave ,ictoria gave liberty to press) /n "6$6, separate rooms for editors, reporters were given for first time given) 2he invited the local people to take part in the administration)
/n mid of "9 th century 4(he =indu’, 4Madras Mail’, /n ombay 4(imes of /ndia’, /n Calcutta 4(elegraph’ 4(elegraph’ and in *llahabad 4'ioneer’ were started)
-
/n "6##, "6##, telegraph lines were introduced, information pass through the telegraphic lines to the press press office)
-
/n "6%" "6%" 4(imes 4(imes of /ndia’ was born from already already three e.isting e.isting newspapers ombay (imes, (imes, ombay ombay 2tandard 2tandard and (e (elegraph legraph and the the
Courier)
-
Aeuters was the first news agency all over over the world - (imes of of /ndia and engali engali newspaper newspaper subscribe news from from them)
-
/n "63$ Aobert 8night takes off off the 41riend of /ndia’ newspaper and also also started started 42tatesman’) 42tatesman’) ater he combined combined the both the the papers) papers)
-
/n "63% ord ytton ytton iceroy iceroy of /ndia, /ndia, he fought 0 press and government government weren’t weren’t in good good relationship, relationship, hence hence he wants to make them close)
-
Aobert 8night and ord ytton started the special press bureau ?now its press information bureau@)
-
/n "636, ernacular *ct was brought by ritish, to control control the growth press press in /ndia) /ndia) (he *ct say, say, if press violates violates the the rules the sentence sentence
would be, for the first time - apology, second time 0 postal concession and license will be cancelled and third 0 personal properties will affected)
indu
-
/n "636 4=indu’ monthly started by si. people - &) 2ubramania *iyer , M) eeraraghavachariar, ()() Aangachariar, ')) Aangachariar, D)
8esava Aao 'ant and !) 2ubba Aao 'antulu)
-
/n "66 =indu published as (ri-weekly ?Monday, Bednesday and 1riday evening@)
-
/n "66$ "66$ the /ndian !ational Congress was born born ?*)>) =ume, founder founder of /!C@, the =indu supported supported the government government activities and wide
coverage ?/!C first session increase the national news significance@ then
-
/n "669 the =indu published as daily) daily) F*chievements, F*chievements, in "9#: - first to introduce introduce colour, colour, "9% 0 aircraft for distribution, distribution, "96:"96:- 1irst to use
computer aided photo composing, "99$ 0 first paper to go online and "999 0 becomes national newspaperG)
/n "669 >fficial secret act imposed only on military news, later in "9: it e.tended to other news) ast quarter of "9
century, the newspapers -
th
covers public speech, discussions in the council, debates and price of paper were less) 2tream engine printing came into play) Bire services were introduced)
Newspapers in India - ./ th Centur
News Agencies
-
'aul Aeuter, Aeuter, &erman founded founded 4Aeuter’ news agency) agency) /n ondon, news agency agency 4Central 4Central press press news news agency’ agency’ distributed news to local
newspapers) 2o 'aul changed his views to give news to international agencies)
-
4ombay (imes’, 4engali’ newspapers in /ndia for first time used Aeuter agency)
-
Due to competition H2*, started 4*ssociated 'ress’ news agency) agency) *' started started its limb in /ndia, /ndia, 4*ssociated 4*ssociated 'ress of /ndia’ in "9":) ut that
doesn’t concentrated concentrated on /ndian base news hence public didn’t welcome it)
-
/n "9":’s "9":’s Congress split into two ?due to changes changes in the capital capital of the nation@ nation@ -liberals -liberals and nationalist) iberals supported the change change but
!ationalist opposed it)
-
(he !ewspapers !ewspapers in /ndia was also split into into two, new rule rule of laws introduced introduced to suppress suppress the the growth growth of press)
-
/n "9"$, 41ree press press of /ndia’ /ndia’ it was the first news agency agency founded founded by /ndians) /t’s fully fully concentrated concentrated on /ndian news, news, hence newspaper
subscribe news from them)
-
ritish government government implemented implemented strict strict laws to control control the newspaper growth) Due to the law, 41ree press press of /ndia’ changed as newspaper newspaper in
an overnight) ut it wasn’t welcome by other newspapers in /ndia)
-
/n "9:, other newspapers 7oined hands together and started 4Hnited press of /ndia’ /ndia’
-
*fter independenc independence e 1'/ and H'/ gone down, again again si. newspapers 7oined together and started started 4'ress (rust (rust of /ndia’) Due to competition
'(/, working 7ournalist started 4Hnited !ews of /ndia’ in "9%") ater many news agencies came into play today we have more than news agencies in /ndia)
Annie !esant
-
/n "9"%, "9"%, =ome Aule eague eague established established by *nnie *nnie esant esant and and al &angadhar (ilak, she used used print print medium a propaganda propaganda vehicle) 2he
started 4Madras 2tandard’ and renamed as 4!ew /ndia’)
-
!ew /ndia came with full page page editorial editorial news news reflected reflected the nation and freedom freedom struggle) struggle) =er =er writing and ideas ideas of editorial were appreciated appreciated
she involved herself in print medium)
-
/n "9"9 "9"9 government government introduce introduce Aowlatt *ct *ct ?government ?government had had the power to arrest people people without trial trial they suspect with the charge of
terrorism@) =ence she fought for freedom of press through her writing)
-
/n "9<:, "9<:, *nnie *nnie started started !ational !ational Hniversity Hniversity to bring discipline in 7ournalism) 7ournalism) Diploma in 7ournalism course was started, started, internship internship for student student
in !ew /ndia) (hus she called as 4(orch 4(orch earer of /ndian iberty’ and 4'ioneer of ;ournalism’)
-
Due to the first Borld war there was a setback setback in the newspaper newspaper industry, industry, hence printing printing cost cost were increased on side and subscriber subscriber of the
newspapers were decreased on other side)
Gandhi
-
/n "9"$ &andhi returns returns from 2outh *frica) *frica) =e started a chain of newspaper, 4Ioung /ndia’ and 4!avegiean’ 4!avegiean’ weekly in &u7arati) =is =is writing
styles were simple and clear to the readers, hence unity and liberty spread among /ndians)
-
&andhi’s disciples started the same same newspapers newspapers in other languages languages in /ndia, and then he he took part in in freedom freedom struggle) struggle)
-
/n "9<" "9<" worldwide campaign on poverty, poverty, women rights, rights, ending ending untouched untouched ability and and so on) /n "9:, Dandi 2alt March ?protesting ?protesting ritish-
imposed salt ta.@ was given wide publicity by the newspapers)
-
/ndian !ational Congress government later reduced the press laws hence the /!C and press becomes closer)
-
/n "96, 4!ational =erald’ newspaper was started by /!C it’s it’s fully supported the /!C activities) activities)
-
/n "9#", "9#", 4Dina (handi’ (am (amilil newspaper newspaper daily daily was founded by 2ri) 'a) *ditanar, *ditanar, with its first edition edition from from Madurai)
-
/n "9#", "9#", first *dvertisement Company 4!ational 2ervices Company’ started inombay) 1rom "9#" "9#" to "9$: was was the only service service company company
for advertisements)
-
/n "9#:’s "9#:’s /ndian Eastern !ewspaper !ewspaper 2ociety, 2ociety, now it’s /ndian /ndian !ewspaper !ewspaper 2ociety, 2ociety, it acts as a bridge between newspaper newspaper organi+ation organi+ation and
the government) !ews prints were allotted by the government according to the requirement of newspapers)
-
ernacular press came into into play to develop develop the the /ndian /ndian languages) languages) 1rom 1rom "36:-"9#3, "36:-"9#3, of print print revolution revolution in newspaper industry)
