Optomechanical Drawings: ISO 10110 Standard Anees Ahmad Raytheon Missile Systems Tucson, AZ Phone: 520/545-7870 Email:
[email protected]
Drawing Standards
Two commonly used standards – International Standards Organization (ISO) – American National Standards Institute (ANSI) z
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is now responsible for updating & maintaining these standards
These standards explain how to indicate/callout the desired features on a drawing for a finished product The values of these desired features are not specified by these standards ISO standards are fairly commonly used in optical industry and shops 2/20/2006
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Optical Drawing Standards
The two standards that are of greatest interest are: – ISO 10110-X-1996 (E) - Optics and optical Instruments - Preparation of optical drawings for optical elements and systems – ISO 9211 - Optical coatings
ISO 10110 is similar to ASME Y14.18M. There is no American standard equivalent to ISO 9211 ISO 10110 has 13 parts:
– Part 1 z
General
Covers the mechanical aspects of optical drawings that are specific to optics and not already covered in one of the other ISO drawing standards. 2/20/2006
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ISO 10110 Standard
Part 2 Part 3 Part 4
Material Imperfections - Stress birefringence Material Imperfections - Bubbles and Inclusions Material Imperfections - Inhomogeneity and striae
– Parts 2-4 cover material related parameters controlling the quality of glass
Part 5
Surface form tolerances
– Concerns figure measurement and differentiates between figure measured visually with a test plate or with a phase measuring interferometer
Part 6
Centering tolerances
– Deals with centering errors and allows either an entirely mechanical method of tolerancing or an optomechanical one.
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ISO 10110 Standard
Part 7
Surface imperfection tolerances
– This is equivalent to scratch and dig or surface beauty specification
Part 8
Surface texture
– Concerns ground and . polished surface texture and is unique to this standard
Part 9
Surface treatment and coating
– Tells how to indicate that a surface will be coated, but not what the specifications of the coating are which is covered in ISO 9211.
Part 10 10
Table representing data of a lens element
– Tells how to describe the parameters of an optical element in tabular form – It is the foundation of the effort to simplify transfer of data about optical elements electronically 2/20/2006
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ISO 10110 Standard
Part 11
Non- toleranced data
– Table of default tolerances on optical parameters – If a particular parameter is not specified, it should then be made to the tolerances given in this table
Part 12
Aspheric surfaces
– Defines how to describe an aspheric surface. – This method method has been coordinate coordinated d with the major major vendors of lens lens design software so the definitions are consistent
Part 13 13
Laser irradiation damage threshold
– Tells how to specify a laser power damage threshold on an optical component
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ISO Standard Drawing Table
2/20/2006
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Example of Lens Drawing
2/20/2006
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Advantages of ISO Standards
Offer guidance on suggested values of certain features Contain a listing of default tolerances t olerances Much more thorough in their treatment of drawing features Being integrated in optical design software Drawings created using ISO standards are virtually noteless Indications on drawings use alphanumeric symbols Drawing can be interpreted by persons having any language background background without having to translate it
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LE NS D R A W I N G •
—F or lens drawing a full section view is normally sufficient to dis displa play y all physical sizes of th the e lens. there re ore unusual unusual truncations the then n ext extra ra views If the may be added to display them. — Dim ens ion in accordance with standard drawing proctices. procti ces. — R AD IU S — ra radius dius should be dimensioned with an arrow coming from the .center of curvoture. If the radius is flat, th then en th the e ra radi dius us ma may y be morked as to whether it is con concav cave e or con convex vex.. Som Someti etimes mes the wiltt also be radius is provided in a table, then it wil labelled label led conv convex ex or concave. —Ma — Ma rki rking ng convex or concave con be done usin usingg short forms C V and C X . In som some e cas cases es the use of + on d signs sig ns may be used, but the there re sho should uld refere erence nce gui guide de to interpret this on the be a ref drawing as thi this s can be confusing. — A flat polished surface should be marked as having a radius of INFINITY willll be defined by a — AS PH ER E or BINARY A S P H E R E wi note, not e, wit with h a refer reference ence note triang triangle le point pointing ing to th the e specific surface. — C YL IN D E R surface will specifically note that the surfac sur face e is cylindrical alo along ng wit with h the’ cylinder radius. — C LE A R A P E R T U R E — the clear apertu aperture re is th the e region of the pol polish ished ed polished surface through which the nor normal mal path of ‘light’ will travel. andd noted that it is th —this — this wilt be dimensioned an the e ‘clear aperture’ or ‘free diamet diameter’. er’. It ma may y also appear app ear in a table on the drawing drawing.. — D A TU M S — do tum s indicate the refer forr tolerancing reference ence surfaces fo wedge wed ge,, ond surf surface ace runo runouts uts relat relative ive to. They are twoo symbols: indicated by either of the fol follow lowing ing tw
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C H A MFERS DEFINITION — o chamfer is a ground surfoce cut at an angle, usually to pre preven ventt edge ch chip ips. s. It ma may y also be used fo forr mechanical m ounting or clearances If it IS to protect a gainst edge chip ch ips s it is ca call lled ed a P R O TE TE C T IO IO N C H A M F E R . -
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PROTECTION C H A M F E R — a protective chamfer shall be desc described ribed as a note ~n the the gen genera erall not notes es section, or on the drawing poi pointi nting ng to the specific surfaces to note e sha shallll give a maximum be chamfered Th e not forr the chamfer. The andd minimum dimension fo an values valu es repre represent sent the lenght of the chamfer across it’s face ‘face width’
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CHAMFER / B E V E L — no rm al ‘~hamfers and beve bevels ls s hould be dimension dime nsionsed sed with a dimension and on angle.
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SHARP EDGE twoo — pris ms often require a sharp edg edgee bet between ween tw polished surfaces. A sharp edge con be noted as follows:
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note e ma may y accompany A not this th is to indicate the maximum chip size permitted on the edge
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MATERIAL DEFINITION — Th Thee following information must be included on the drowing: — M A TE R IA L — to ler an ce on REFRACTI REFRACTIVE VE INDEX — to toler ler an ance ce on D I S P E R S I O N — Th Thee following information may be included on the drawing: — al alter ter na te materials andd INCLUSIONS — BU B B L E S an —HOMOGENEITY — ST R AI E anyy of several — Th is information can be located in an locations on a drawing. Th Thee information ma may y be included in th the e ‘MATERIAL’ blo block ck of the drawing title block, or in th the e ‘BILL OF MATERIAL’ block, notes. es. Pre Presen sentt practice at Elcon is to or in the not include it in the not notes, es, wit with h a reference to th the e note in the material block. S
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MATER IA L called led up by the manu manufactu facturers rers code — ma ter ia iall is cal or by the 6 digit code le: BK 7 (schott) 517642 or — the first 3 digits of th the e co code de represent the refraction index, while the los lostt 3 digits represent the dispe dispersio rsion n ie: 6K7 refractive index is 1. andd the 1.51 517 7 an dispersio disp ersion n is 64.2 so it’s 6 digit code is 517642 REFRACTIVE INDEX the e velocity of light in a vac vacuum uum to — Th e ratio of th the velocity of light in the refrc refrcict icting ing material. This defines how the lig light ht ‘bends’ going into the glo gloss. ss. — no rm all y de define fine d at wavelenght of 58 587 7 nm . — typic al format: Nd= 1.5168 ±0.0005 D I S P E R S I O N (Abbe number) —defines the ratio of refractive index fo forr different wavebands. A low value indicates more rainb rainbow ow through gh a prism effect on light throu — typic al format: Vd—64.2 ± 0.8%
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PART NOTES
TITLE BLOCK
BILL OF MATERIALS
A TYPICAL MATERIAL CALLOUT NOTE: NOTES: S
/~‘\MATERIAL:FK5 (schott) ~FC5 5 (hoya (hoya)) ALTERNATES: SFSL5 (ohara), ~FC Nd=1.4875 ±0.0005 Vd=70.41 ±0.2% MATERIAL IN A C C O R D A N C E WITH MIL — G— 174. AD E A, FINE A N N E A L L E D . CLASS- 1 , G R AD 2x 1 O E — 5 HOMOGENEITY:. ± BUBBLES: CLASS B3 (pe (perr scho schott tt defin definitio ition) n) -
M A T E R I A L DEFINITION N C L U S IO IO N S BUBBLES A N D I NC — bu bubb bb les are gas gaseou eous s bul bulk k material defects which occur in th the e gl glas ass s as a result of th the e manufacturing process. proce ss. Incl Inclusion usions s cove covers rs other ty types pes of loc local al defects. ie:crystals, sm small all stn stnes, es, san sand. d. callout out per —can — can be defined by the sup suppli pliers ers cla class ss call cOtolog, by IS O 10110 collout, or by MIL — G— 174 inclusion callout — su suppli pplier erss definition: total cross section of all bubbles andd inclusions per cubic vol an volume ume of material. This would be called out in the material note. Sample definitionSCHOTT total cross section of all Bubblee clas Bubbl classs bubbles/inclusions >0.05 mm in mm2 pe perr 10 100 0 cm 2 glass *~O.O3 BO >0.03 TO 0.10 BI B2 >0.10 TO 0.25 >0.25 TO 0.50 B3 — IS O callout tak takes es the form 1/ N x A where 1/ is a co code de to define the callout andd inclusions N is total number of bub bubble bles s an permitted A is th the e gr grad ade e number which is th the e sq squa uare re root of th the e ar area ea of the largest permitted bubble or inclusion (this is mor more e complex than it ap appe pear ars, s, as th the e spec sp ec al allo lows ws mor moree bub bubbl bles es if th they ey ar are e of a smaller size. See IS O 10110 part 3 if needed) —Fo — Fo rm of an IS O callout on dwg: S
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HOMOGENEITY AND STRAIE — Ho mo gen eity is the allowable dev deviat iation ion of the refractive index ~ithin a piece of glo gloss ss.. (do not confuse this with the toler tolerance ance on the refract refractive ive index index)) locally lly limited are areas as of inhomogeneity that —Str — Str aie are loca are optically visible- due to a different refractive index than the basic gloss ways ys on — Ho mo gen eity can -be called out several wa optical drawings. 1. as a note by specifying the act actual ual homogeneity permitted ie: HOMOGENEITY 5xlOE—5 2. a s a note by specifying the manufacturers class designation ie: HOMOGENEITY H 2 per SCHOTT DEFINITION 3 . b y the IS O callout on the drawi drawing ng taking the form 2/A;B where 2/ is a co code de to de defi fine ne th the e callout A is th the e homogeneity class B is th the e straie class — Str Straie aie ca n be called ou ways ys on optical outt in several wa drawings 1. in th the e material note by specifying the gra grade de in accordance with MIL—G--174 2. by the IS O cailout on the dra drawin wing g tak taking ing the form 2/A;B (see above) andd gra — (fo r details of cla class sses es an grades des of homogeneity -and straie see MIL — G— 174 parc 3.3.8, or -ISO 10110 part 4) —Fo — Fo rm of an an.. ISO collout on dwg: -
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SURFACE FORM 3 / S S DEFINITION — Su rfa ce form is the dev deviat iation ion between the optical andd the nomi surface under test, an nominal nal theoretical surface, surf ace, measu measured red per perpen pendicu dicular lar to th the e surface. MEASUREMENT S — Su rfa ce form deviation is mea measur sured ed in fringe spacing. One fr frin inge ge sp spac acin ing g is eq equa uall to a distance of 1/2 of the test wavelength. TYPES OF FORM E R R O R — ther e are 3 forms of error —Po — Po wer error — Irr eg egul ular ar ity — Ro ta tatio tio na nally lly symetric irregularity POWER E R R O R — also al so called spherical error or sagitta error caused sed by the test su surfa rface ce having — Th is is error cau a different radius then specified. It results in circula circ ularr frin fringe ge test pat pattern terns s IRREGULARITY — Th is error is cau caused sed by - a the surface deviating from sphericity. Examples -are cylindrical deviation, or saddle shaped deviation. ROTATIONAL ROTATI ONAL SYMETRIC IRREGULARITY —thes — thes e are local localized ized deviations, or ~stepped deviations. DRAWING CALL O U T — su surfa rfa ce fo form rm ca can n be ca call lled ed ou outt on a dra drawin wing g in on e of tw twoo ways. table le form format at labelled POW ER and — in a tab IRREGULARITY — by the ISO callout on the drawing, pointing withh th thee form at the surface of interest wit 3/A(B) or 3/A(B 3/A(B/C) /C) where 3/ is a co code de to de defi fine ne th the e callout A is th the e po powe werr error B is th the e irregularity error is th the e rotatio rotationally nally symetric irregularity. C rotation tionally ally sym symetri etric c erro errorr is rar the rota rarely ely used on drawings. its value cannot exceed the irregularity error.
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Example of IS O collout
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CENTERING T O L E R A N C E 4/ DEFINITION the e tilt of — C en enter ter ing error or Wedge error is th a surface relative to it’s datums. Th e figure below illustrates this
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DRAWING CALLOUT — ce cente nte rin g error con be called out on a drawing twoo way wayss in on e of tw — in a table format provi providing ding the runout at th the e labell elled ed as edge between the two surfaces lab either runout, wedge, TIR, of FIM. (hR total indicator runout) full indiatbr movement) (FIM — by the IS O callout on the drawing pointing to the sur surfac face e of interest in the form 4/ X A,B where 4/ is a code 5 to define the callout X is the- cente centering ring error allowable A ,B (optional) are- the datums that the centering error is measured from. —
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Example of IS O coltout — we dg e ca n be cal called led out as the tilt ang angle le of andd relati ative ve to the other surface, an a surface rel the cylihder of th the e le lens ns.. — we dg e can also be coiled out as the chan change ge in edge thickness (runout) between th the e tw two o polished surfaces. -
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SURFACE imperfections imperfection s permi permitted tted Imperfections can include bubbles, sleeks, scuffs, blemishes. the IS O specification
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M IL SPECIFICATIONS —there are tw twoo military specifications commonly used to def define ine sur surfac face e quality. For visi visible ble optics MIL— PRF-— 13830 app applie lies. s. Th This is is usu usuall ally y specified in either the notes notes,, or in a table. It would be specified in the format
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S U R F A C E -QUALITY 60—40 P E R MIL—PRF—13830
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andd so it is complicated, an separate controls on blemishes blem ishes,, long It is -defined in outt ta ou take kes s th the e form LN” x A”
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—F or infrar infrared ed optic optics, s, or reflect reflecting ing optic optics s the surfac sur face e qua qualit lity y is defined by MIL—C—48497. This would also be specified in the notes or in a table. It would be specified in the, format
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S U R F A C E Q U A L IT IT Y F— F P E R MIL—C—48497
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— In I n both cases above the first value- defi defines nes the total scratch vol volume ume and the se secon cond d val value ue defines defines Thee corresponding specs the total dig volu volume. me. Th outline outli ne the interpretation of th thes ese e va valu lues es in mo more re detail.
the callout allowed sur surface face impe imperfect rfections ions of th the e surface area of the
for coating blemishes only. -
for long scratches for edge chips, an d A” chip chi p can be from the edge. without any of’ the groups. IS O designation -
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SURFACE T EXTURE DEFINITION large ge sc scale ale ‘ro ‘rough ughnes ness’ s’ — Su rfa ce texture is the lar of th the e surface. This ap appl plie ies s to bo both th th the e polished an d the gro ground und surfaces.
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—OTHER on ma many ny drowings the IS O or DIN spe specs cs are not cal called led out out.. In that case the there re ma may y be specifyin ifying g the surf surface ace rough roughness ness a note spec in uni units ts of (nm) or (angstroms). S
POLISHED — P E R IS O 10110 collout ut point pointing ing to th the e surface with a symbol a collo as follows: where R o gives R M S surfa surface ce rough roughness ness P as follows: follo ws: R at description Ra(nm) 0.5 very fine 1 fine medium 2 coarse 5 very coar coarse se 10 where P X (poli (polishing shing ~grad ~grade e designation) gives number of micr micro—def o—defects ects per 10mm 10m m of sam sampli pling ng length as follo follows:. ws:. Polish number of micro Grade defects pe perr 10 10mm mm <400 P1 P2 <80 P3 <16 <3 P4 ther th ere e ar are e other variations on this which can be found in IS O 10110, part 8
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— PER D IN
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surfac face e represents the surface a symbol on the sur roughness rough ness,, and micodefects similar to IS O 10110. The symbol is a diamond pattern, wit with h mor more e diamonds representing a finer polish. D IN 3140 correlates to IS O 10110 as foll follows: ows:
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G R O U N D S U R FA FA C E — P E R IS O 10110 collout ut poin pointing ting to thr~surface with a symbol a collo as follows: -
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—OTHER on~ many drawings the IS O or DIN spe specs cs are not cal called led out out.. In that case the there re may be a note specifying the surface roughness in un unit its s of (nm) or (ongstroms). It moy also be specified in other terms such us a grit size fo forr the gri grind nd compound: le: ‘grind 220 grit’
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where R a gives R M S surf surface ace rough roughness ness ~
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description very fine 1 fine medium coarse 5 very coarse 10 where G represents groun ground d surf surface ace NOTE: uni units ts of rou roughn ghness ess are different from polished -symbols there are other variations on this which can be there found fou nd in IS O 10110, part 8
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— P E R D IN 3140 a symbol on the surface represents the surface roughness, similar to IS O 10110. Thee symbol is a chevron pattern, wit Th with h mor more e chevrons representing a finer grind. D IN 3140 correlates to IS O 10110 as follows:
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coarse, R a 40 to 20 urn medium, R a 6 to 4 urn fine, R a 3 to 2 urn fine fi nest st,, R a < 2 urn
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COATING a nd PAINTING COATING — a coating is a thin film of vario various us chem chemicals icals opplied an y of the following to an optical sur surface face to do any functions: —control —c ontrol reflections S
—provide —prov ide environmental protection —block particular wavebands
— pro vid videe a reflective or partially reflective surface CALLOUT — o coating is normally cal called led out wit with h a note, an d referenci rencing ng note triang triangle le poin pointing ting to the specific a refe surface on the drawi drawing. ng. — se e below: -
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INDICATED CATED SUR FACE A S FOLLO W S /~\COATINDI
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PAINTING — su surfa rfa ce cess of optical elements are often painted black outsid out side e the use useful ful optical reg region ion to cut down on stray light, an d to provide an aesthetically pleasing appearance. CALLOUT — a painted sur surfac face e is normally called out with a note, an d a referencing note triangle to indicate which Thee type surfac sur faces es are to be painted on 5 the drawi drawing. ng. Th of paint used will be shown in the Bill of Mat Materi erials als sectio sec tion n of the drawing. -
APAINT -
INDICATED S U R F A C E S USING ITE M 1
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DOUBLETS DOUBLET — o doublet is tw twoo optical elements ‘bonded’ together. S
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DRAWING INFORMATION following wing — Th e drawing will provide the follo information
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supplied in th the e — BO ND MATERIAL bill bi ll of mdterials —ALIGNMENT TOLERANCE the wedge or runo ru nout ut of th the e ‘floating’ el elem emen entt to th the e primary element’s datums Wedge is the an angl gle e of th the e ‘floating’ surfac sur face e rel relati ative ve to the primary datums. It ca can n be measured as an an angl gle, e, or a runout parallel to th the e optical axis sometimes the — O V E R A LL THICKNESS doublets doubl ets are matched to a final overall thickness that is tighter than the individual indiv idual elem element ent on large production runs. — .
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is wh what at is being refered to as the floating sur surface face
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D E S C R IP T iO N P R O DU DU C T iO iO N R E LE LE A S E
DATE APPROVED 98—06—22 ~tt i&.d~
NOTES:
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1 . I N TE TE R P R E T M E C H A Ni Ni C AL AL DIMENSIONS AN D TOLERANCES PE R ASME Y14.5M
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PRISMS some e rul rules es and — Pr Prism ism Drawings follow the som practices as lens element drawings. The only additional info informat rmation ion tha thatt is unu unusua suall to prisms is PYRAMIDAL E R R O R . This is defined as ‘a la lack ck of parallelism between the edges formed by th the e fa face ces s of a prism. This is usu usuall ally y covered by d note stating that pyramidal error cann cannot ot exceed a certain tolerance -value. -
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SAMPLE LENS DRAWING i i~’~r~
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REViSIONS
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DATE
PRODUCTiON RELEASE
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APPROVED
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I. INTERPRET MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AN D T O LE LE R A N CE CE S P E R ASME Yl 4.5M OPTICALL TOLERANCES PER 2. INTERPRET OPTICA IS O 10110 L~MATERIAL:S—FSL5(ohoro) ALTERNATES: FSL5 (ohara), FK 5 (schott), 1C5 (hoya), A8770 (corning france) Nd — 1.48749 ±0.0001 Vd — 70.2 *0.8% —MATERiAL ABSORPTION T O BE L E S S THAN O R EQUAL T O M O S T R E C E N T MANUFACTURER 555 C ATALO G VALUES OVER WAVEBAND 400-700nm. —H OM OG EN EIT Y: ± 2 x 1OE—05 (PER R SCHOTT DEFINITION) —B U BB LE S: C L A S S B3 (PE /~CO ATI N DI DI C AT AT E D
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