Oppenheimer Berkeley Civil Procedure Final Outline

^dca`ome





Xsdc 2"a/ ^ldof7 Pbc vvpck li mlpofc ~dca`ome vccjv pl hadamfc lm pbc lmc bam` pbc ~daompoii‟v ompcxcvp om hxomeome a `ov~spc hcilxc pbc appcmpolm li a flsxp uopb$ lm pbc lpbcx bam`$ pbc `cicm`amp‟v xoebp pl iaox mlpofc li pbc fdaokv aeaomvp bcx am` a vlfocpad ompcxcvp om flmvcxyome lsx dokopc` gs`ofoad xcvlsxfcv- Pblseb klxc dohcxad pbam pbc iafp+~dca`ome

xceokc pbap op vsffcc`c` mlpofc ~dca`ome mlmcpbcdcvv xcqsoxcv pbap flk~daompv kccp a fcxpaom pbxcvbld` om lx`cx pl vsxyoyc a klpolm pl `ovkovv- Kv- ^app‟v flk~daomp `lcv mlp xcafb pbov pbxcvbld` ubofb ov ub op vblsd` hc `ovkovvc`Dohcxad Vpam`ax` ^xl7  l Pbcxc axc lpbcx dcead kcfbamovkv om ~dafc pl flmvcxyc pbc yadsahdc xcvlsxfcv li pbc gs`ofoad vvpck$ omfds`ome klvp mlpahd dohcxad `ovflycx xsdcv a m` pbc klpolm ilx vskkax gs`ekcmp- Ic`- X- Foy- ^- 89+65 39- Pbcvc plldv bcd~ xcvldyc `ov~spc` ovvscv am` smflycx pbc ucajmcvvcv li mlm+kcxoplxolsv fdaokvI-X-F-^- Xsdc 2"a/7 xcqsoxc pbap a flk~daomp flmpaom –a vblxp am` ~daom vpapckcmp li pbc fdaok vbluome pbap pbc ~dca`cx ov cmpopdc` pl xcdoci-’ Ic`- X- Foy- ^- 2"a/7 vcc Flmdc yEohvlm "1?35/: Oqhad "8>>?/

 Xciomckcmpv l Flmdc y- Eohvlm "1?35/ A flk~daomp mcc` lmd –eoyc pbc `cicm`amp iaox mlpofc li ubap pbc ~daompoii%v  fdaok ov am` pbc exlsm`v s~lm ubofb op xcvpv’ l Vuocxjocuofw y- Vlxcka "8>>8/

A flsxp ksvp avvskc add iafpv ~dc` om a flk~daomp pl hc pxsc am` ksvp yocu pbc flk~daomp om `oc doebp klvp iaylxahdc pl pbc ~daompoiil Hcdd Apdampof y- Pulkhd "8>>5/ –dahcdv am` flmfdsvolmv’ lx a –ilxksdaof xcfopapolm li pbc cdckcmpv li a  fasvc li afpolm’ axc mlp vsiiofocmpPbov xsdc ZXsdc 2"a/[ `lcv mlp lhdoec a ~daompoii pl ~dca` –`cpaodc` iafpsad  addceapolmv-’ I-X-F-^- Xsdc ? Ixas`7 bcoebpcmc` ~dca`ome vpam`ax` "Pcddahv ^VDXA/ Klpolm pl @ovkovv Xsdc 18"h/"9/ A klpolm pl `ovkovv vblsd` hc exampc` ubcxc pbc ~daompoii iaodv pl vpapc a fdaok s~lm ubofb xcdoci fam hc exampc`- Ic`- X- Foy- ^- 1 8"h/"9/A flk~daomp ksvp vpapc vsiiofocmp iafpsad kappcx pbap oi affc~pc` av pxsc ulsd` xcm`cx  pbc fdaok ~dasvohdc lm opv iafc- Oqhad 

Crak Po~7 

A~~dome 18"h/"9/7 l Dcead vpam`ax` ; a * h * f l A~~d xsdc uopb lsx iafpv l Vcc oi pbc a~~dofapolm ov ~dasvohdc

^cxvlmad Gsxov`ofpolm

^ldof7  



Pbc I-X-F-^- `l mlp fxcapc gsxov`ofpolm lycx a `cicm`ampA flsxp ka mlp ok~lvc lhdoeapolmv l hdoeapolmv lx xcvpxofp pbc xoebpv li a ~axp lycx lyc x ublk op `lcv mlp bayc ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm uopblsp `c~xoyome pb ap ~axp li opv flmvpopspolmad xoebp pl `sc ~xlfcvv li dau- ^cmmlcx y- Mcii "1252/ Mcii "1252/: Ompcxmapolmad Vblc Fl- y- Uavbomeplm "1?03/: Vbaiicx y- Bcopmcx "1?55/Ompcxmapolmad Vblc Xsdc l Ecmcxad a~~xlafb7 Pbc vpam`ax` ov mcopbcx –kcfbamofad Zm[lx qsampopapoyc’ hsp omvpca` dlljv pl  pbc –qsadop am` mapsxc li pbc afpoyop om xcdapolm pl pbc iaox am` lx`cxd a`komovpxapolm li pbc dauvl Pul ~axp pcvp7 Ioxvp a `cicm`amp ksvp bayc cmeaec` om a vsiiofocmp dcycd li ompcmpolmad  ~sx~lvcisd flmpafp uopb pbc ilxsk vpapc- Hsxecx Jome Flx~- yXs`wcuofw "1?23/: Ompcxmapolmad Vblc "1?03/Ubcm a `cicm`amp –~sx~lvcisdd ayaodv opvcdi li pbc ~xoyodcec li  flm`sfpome afpoyopocv uopbom pbc ilxsk Vpapc$ pbsv omyljome pbc hcmciopv am` ~xlpcfpolmv li opv dauv$’ op cmeaecv om flmpafp vsiiofocmp pl vshgcfp opvcdi pl pbc gsxov`ofpolm li pbap vpapc- Bamvlm y- @cmfjda "1?32/Ioxvp$ Vfbaiicx‟v ok~afp uav pl ~xcfds`c am asplkapof iom`ome li   gsxov`ofpolm havc` lm ~xl~cxp uopbom a vpapc am` omvpca` xcqsoxc a isdd omqsox sm`cx pbc pcvp `cycdl~c` om Ompcxmapolmad Vblc yUavbomeplm ‐ a pcvp pbap xcqsoxcv hlpb vsiiofocmp v siiofocmp flmpafp uopb pbc ilxsk vpapc am` a iom`ome pbap gsxov`ofpolm ulsd` mlp hc smiaox- Vbaiicx Crak~dc7 ^xliopome ixlk vadc li vblcv om Uavbomeplm U avbomeplm uav vsiiofocmp flmpafpVcflm` pbc crcxfovc li ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm ksvp mlp —liicm` pxa`opolmad  mlpolmv li iaox ~da am` vshvpampoad gsvpofc-’ O`Hadamfome Iafplxv "Hsxecx Jome Flx~-/7 Hsx`cm lm pbc `cicm`amp  Ompcxcvp li pbc ilxsk vpapcv om a`gs`ofapome pbc pb c `ov~spc ^daompoii%v ompcxcvp om a flmycmocmp am` ciicfpoyc xcvl dspolm li pbc  favc  Ompcxcvp li pbc vcycxad vpapcv pl bayc am ciicfpoyc gs`ofoad xcvldspolm vvpck









Vak~dc Amvucx Damesaec7 l

Pbc xsdc axpofsdapc` om ^cmmlcx y- Mcii uav `ov~dafc` om pbc momcpccm+ilxpocv hcfasvc  gsxov`ofpolm uav cavod cya`c` h flx~lxapolmv cr~dlopome pcfbmofadopocv om am lycxd xoeo` ixakculxj- Ompcxmapolmad Vblc 689 S-V- ap 612+1?- Pbc ld` xsdc uav xc~dafc` h a klxc idcrohdc vpam`ax` ompcm`c` pl hcppcx xcidcfp pbc afpsad ciicfpv li ompcxvpapc pxamvafpolmv- O`- Pbc vpam`ax` ov mcopbcx –kcfbamofad Zm[lx qsam popapoyc’ hsp omvpca` dlljv pl pbc –qsadop am` mapsxc li pbc afpoyop om xcdapolm pl pbc iaox am` lx`cxd l x`cxd a`komovpxapolm li pbc dauv-’ O`- ap 61?-

Pbc fsxxcmp omqsox ompl ubcpbcx a flsxp bav ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm lycx a `cicm`amp `c icm`amp flk~xovcv pul ~axpv- Ioxvp a `cicm`amp ksvp bayc cmeaec` om a vsiiofocmp dcycd li  ompcmpolmad ~sx~lvcisd flmpafp uopb pbc ilxsk vpapc- Hsxecx Jome Flx~- y- Xs`wcuofw 051 S-V- 098 059+52 "1?23/: Ompcxmapolmad Vblc 689 S-V- ap 619- Vcflm` pbc crcxfovc li ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm ksvp mlp –liicm` pxa`opolmad mlpolmv li iaox ~da am` vshvpampoad  gsvpofc-’ O`- Pbcvc pul xcqsoxckcmpv ksvp hc vapovioc` vapovioc` om lx`cx ilx a flsxp pl bayc ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm lycx a `cicm`amp cycm oi pbc `cicm`amp lumv ~xl~cxp om pbc ilxsk vpapc- Vbaiicx 066 S-V- ap 818

Ompxl`sfpolm pl pbc Ic`cxad Xsdcv li Foyod ^xlfc`sxc "–IXF^’/ IXF^ Xsdcv 1 8 ) 6

l

 gsvp$ v~cc`$ v~cc`$ am` omcr~cmvoyc omcr~cmvoyc

l

lmd lmc ilxk li afpolm7 foyod afpolm

l

foyod afpolm flkkcmfc` h iodome a flk~daomp

^dca`ome 

 Mlpofc ^dca`ome ^dca`ome "advl jmlum av –Xsdc’ ^dca`ome/ ^dca`ome/ flk~axc` uopb uopb Iafp ^dca`ome ^dca`ome "advl jmlum jmlum av –Fl`c’ ^dca`ome/IXF^ Xsdcv 5 ) 2 



"a/ ^dca`omevl

l

Lmd pbcvc ~dca`omev axc addluc`7 "1/ a flk~daomp: "8/ am amvucx pl a flk~daomp: "6/ am amvucx pl a flsmpcxfdaok `cvoemapc` av a flsmpcxfdaok: "0/ am amvucx pl a fxlvvfdaok: fxlvv fdaok: "3/ a pbox`+~axp flk~daomp: "9/ am amvucx pl a pbox`+~axp flk~daomp: am` "5/ oi pbc flsxp lx`cxv lmc a xc~d pl am amvucx"h/ Klpolmv am` Lpbcx ^a~cxv "1/ Om EcmcxadA xcqscvp ilx a flsxp lx`cx ksvp hc ka`c h klpolm- Pbc  klpolm ksvp7 "A/ hc om uxopome smdcvv ka`c `sxome `s xome a bcaxome lx pxoad:  "H/ vpapc uopb ~axpofsdaxop pbc exlsm`v ilx vccjome pbc  lx`cx: am` "F/ vpapc pbc xcdoci vlsebp 

l

"a/ Fdaokv ilx Xcdoci

A ~dca`ome pbap vpapcv a fdaok ilx xcdoci ksvp flmpaom7  "1/ a vblxp am` ~daom vpapckcmp li pbc exlsm`v ilx pbc flsxp‟v gsxov`ofpolm  "8/ a vblxp am` ~daom vpapckcmp li pbc fdaok vbluome pbap pbc ~dca`cx ov cmpopdc` pl xcdoci: am` "6/ a `ckam` ilx pbc xcdoci vlsebp ubofb ka omfds`c xcdoci   om pbc adpcxmapoyc lx `oiicxcmp p~cv li xcdoci-

l

"h/ @cicmvcv: A`kovvolmv am` @cmoadv-

Avvcxp opv `cicmvcv pl cafb fdaok om vblxp am` ~daom pcxkv Ksvp a`kop lx `cm cycx addceapolm Oi a ~axp ompcm`v pl `cm lmd a ~axp li addceapolm pbcm op ksvp a`kop pbc ~axp pbap ov pxsc am` `cm pbc xcvp Oi ls dafj jmludc`ec lx omil pl ilxk a hcdoci pbcm vpapc op am` a m` pbc vpapckcmp bav pbc ciicfp li `cmoadOi a ~axp `lcvm‟p a``xcvv am addceapolm am` op ov xcqsoxc`$ pbcm op ov a`koppc`- Oi op ov mlp xcqsoxc` pbcm op ov flmvo`cxc` `cmoc`"f/ Dovp li `cicmvcv ayaodahdc7 cvpl~~cd `sxcvv ixas` oddceadop xcv  gs`ofapa vpapspc li dokopapolmv uaoycx ` cicmvc adpcxmapoycd lx b~lpbcpofadd- Adpcxmapc "`/ Ka vcp lsp fdaok lx `cicmvc vpapckcmpv axc vsiiofocmp oi am lmc li l i pbck ov vsiiofocmp- Ka vpapc av kam vc~axapc fdaokv lx `cicmvcv av op bav xceax`dcvv li flmvovpcmf  





l

l





Favchllj ~~ 323+329 9>9+915 Vuocxjocuofw y- Vlxcka M-Al Flmdc y- Eohvlm l

Bcoebpcmc` ~dca`ome am` `oviaylxc` fdaokvIXF^ Xsdc ?"h/

l

Om addceome ixas` lx kovpajc a ~axp ksvp vpapc uopb ~axpofsdaxop pbc foxfskvpamfcv flmvpopspome ixas` lx kovpajc- Kadofc ompcmp jmludc`ec am` lpbcx flm`opolmv li a ~cxvlm%v kom` ka hc addcec` ecmcxadd-

Favchllj 900+99> Pcddahv l Ksvp addcec vpapc li kom` uopb ~axpofsdaxopMlpofc ~dca`ome xc+yovopc` ‖ Pulkhd ) Oqhad Favchllj 915+966 







l

l



Hcdd Apdampof Flx~- y- Pulkhd @l mlp mcc` –`cpaodc` iafpsad addceapolmv$’ hsp cmlseb –iafpsad kappcx’  pl vblu pbap am aexcckcmp uav ka`c " ampopxsvp/ lx pbap –`ovflycx uodd xcycad cyo`cmfc li oddcead aexcckcmp-’ ksvp hc –~dasvohdc’ –~dasvohdc’ lm opv iafc   ~dca`ome ksvp fdaokv ksvp fxlvv pbc domc ixlk –flmfcoyahdc pl ~dasvohdc’  fammlp hc –dahcdv am` flmfdsvolmv’ lx –a i lxksdaof xcfopapolm li pbc  cdckcmpv li a fasvc li afpolm’ Avbfxlip y- Oqhad Ucdd+ ~dca`c`  ~dca`c` iafpv ksvp ksvp el hclm` a –kcxc ~lvvohodop ~lvvohodop li kovflm`sfp’ kovflm`sfp’  @cpcxkomome ubcpbcx flk~daomp vpapcv a ~dasvohdc fdao k ov –flmpcrp+  v~cfoiof pavj’ Fammlp ~dca` –dcead flmfdsvolmv’ 

Cpbofad flmvpxaompv lm ~dca`ome IXF^ Xsdc 11 

l l l

l l

"a/ Cycx ~dca`ome klpolm lx lpbcx ~a~cx ksvp hc voemc` "h/ voemapsxc ov pxcapc` av fcxpoiome `lfskcmp bav f cxpaom appxohspcv "f/ pblvc appxohspcv axc Xcavlmahdc omycvpoeapolm  Pl pbc hcvp li voemcx‟v jmludc`ec$ omilxkapolm$ am` hcdoci pbc `lfskcmp  kccpv komoksk vpam`ax`v li iafpsad kcxop dcead kcxop am` dafj li  ok~xl~cx ~sx~lvc "`/ vamfpolmv Lmd daucx fam hc vamfpolmc` mlp pbc fdocmp

Favchllj 991+95> 952+920 KfFlxkofj y- Jl~kamm "1?3?/ l Omflmvovpcmp ~dca`omev axc yado` cycm oi kspsadd crfdsvoyc Klpolmv fbaddcmeome pbc flk~daomp IXF^ Xsdc 18 "h+i/ Klpolm pl `ovkovv 18"h/ l @oviaylxc` "8+3/  Dovp li `cicmvcv  "1/ dafj li vshgcfp+kappcx gsxov`ofpolm: "8/ dafj li ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm: "6/ ok~xl~cx ycmsc: "0/ omvsiiofocmp ~xlfcvv: "3/ omvsiiofocmp vcxyofc li ~xlfcvv: "9/ iaodsxc pl vpapc a fdaok s~lm ubofb xcdoci fam hc exampc`: am` "5/ iaodsxc pl glom a ~axp sm`cx Xsdc 1?1?Klpolm ilx a klxc `ciomopc vpapckcmp 18"c/ l Favchllj 920+923 @ovfsvvolm li `cicmvcv pbap @ fam xaovcl 







Vshgcfp Kappcx Gsxov`ofpolm

Flmvpopspolmad Aspblxop

Ic`cxad Qscvpolm Axp- OOO vcf- 8

Vpapsplx Aspblxop

82 S-V-F- 1661

Pcvp

+Fxcapolm pcvp7 ic`cxad vpapspc fxcapcv pbc xoebp li  afpolm "Bldkcv/: vcc Klppdc  +—kcamome am` a~~dofapolm pcvp‛7 vshvpampoad ic`cxad ovvsc "Fax`lwl/: vcc Exahdc

@oycxvop Axp- OOO vcf- 8

Vs~~dckcmpad Axp- OOO vcf- 87 Hxcmmam ompcx~xcpv —favc‛ pl kcam xcdapc` pl pbc vakc fdaok7 —flkklm msfdcsv li  l~cxapoyc iafp-‛ 82 S-V-F- 1668 82 S-V-F- 1695 ~avvc` om 1??>Flkhomc` ~cm`cmp am` amfoddax gsxov`ofpolm+~axpocv `oycxvc "`lkofodc‐ +IQG * —flkklm msfdcsv li  davp ~dafc li xcvo`cmfc l~cxapoyc iafp‛ ubcxc pbcxc uav ompcmp pl +@oycxvop * —flkklm msfdcsv li  xcpsxm: HSP fam advl dllj pl l~cxapoyc iafp‛ CRFC^P ubcm a ^ vcc oi pbcxc ov voemoiofamp  hxomev om ~axpocv sm`cx IXF^ 10 1? mcu vcppdckcmp8> am` 80 AM@ `lcvm‟p kccp 1668 Flx~lxapolmv7 ubcxc pbc xcqsoxckcmpvaxc omflx~lxapc` AM@ "xapolmadc7 ~xcycmpv ^ ixlk ~daome ~xomfo~dc ~dafc li  axlsm` uopb pbc vvpck am` vsome hsvomcvv‐mcxyc fcmpcx vlkclmc gsvp om lx`cx pl ecp pl pcvp7 pbc flx~lxapc vlkclmc cdvc-/ bca`qsaxpcxv lx blkc liiofc +Vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm ov ixlk ubofb opv afpoyopocv axc `ovfxcpolmax7 gs`ec `lcvm‟p bayc pl fllx`omapc`pajc op oi7 mlp ciiofocmp iaox am` Avvlfoapolmv7 ubcxcycx pbc flmycmocmp pl dopoeampv: pbc vpapc bayc kckhcxv-/ Kaeof `apc fdaokv ~xc`lkomapc: op ov a mlycd lx ilx `cpcxkomome `oycxvop7 flk~dcr ovvsc li vpapc dau: pbc pbc `apc li iodome vsopic`cxad fdaok ov `xl~~c`: lx lpbcx +aklsmp om flmpxlycxv = crfc~polmad foxfskvpamfcv$53>>> +flk~dcpc `oycxvop " Vpxauhxo`ec  Vpxauhxo`ec/ +aeexceapolm li fdaokv7 ^ ka ecmcxadd aeexceapc add fdaokv cycm oi smxcdapc` pl kccp $53>>> pbxcvbld`Ksdpo~dc ^v fam aeexceapc oi  pbc fdaokv axc mlp vcycxahdc LX oi ap dcavp lmc fdaok kccpv pbc vpam`ax`FAMMLP oi ml ^ bav a fdaok lycx pbc gsxov`ofpolmad aklsmp-

Favcv

Exahdc ) Vlmv 7 kcamome am` a~~dofapolm pcvp- Vpapc dau ovvsc pbap —psxmv lm vshvpampoad qscvpolm li  ic`cxad dau-‛ Klppdc 7 fdaok fxcapc` h vpapc J dau "vl ml —fxcapolmovp-‛/ Om a ucdd + ~dca`c` flk~daomp pbcxc ulsd` bayc hccm ml ic`cxad vpapspc lx ovvsc hxlsebp s~ pbcxcilxc ml VKG- Ucdd+~dca`c` flk~daomp7 ls ecp ompl flsxp lm fdaokv ls hxome mlp lm ampofo~apc` `cicmvcv- VKG havc` lm fdaokv ^ ov hxomeome om pbc flk~daomp- Crfc~polm7 ic`cxad ~xcck~polm

Smopc` Komc Ulxjcxv li Akcxofa 7 —flkklm msfdcsv li l~cxapoyc iafp-‛ Lucm7 oi gsxov`ofpolm ov havc` lm `oycxvop adlmc fammlp a`` a vs~~dckcmpad fdaok aeaomvp a mcu @ pbap `cvpxlv `oycxvopCrrlm Klhod Flx~- 7 lmfc lmc ^ kccpv pbc $53>>> am` add ^v kccp  pbc `oycxvop xcqsoxckcmp ls fam a`` a``opolmad ^v-

Pbc vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm li pbc ic`cxad flsxpv7 –ic`cxad qscvpolm’ gsxov`ofpolm am` pbc –ucdd ~dca`c` flk~daomp’ xsdc- ‖ Klppdc IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"1/ "1/ dafj li vshgcfp+kappcx gsxov`ofpolm: 82 SVF ¥ 1661 –Pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv vbadd bayc lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm l i add foyod afpolmv l axovome sm`cx pbc Flmvpopspolm dauv lx pxcapocv li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv-’ –Axovome sm`cx’ om SVF 1661 y- Axpofdc OOO Favchllj 651+65? Dlsovyoddc ) Mavbyoddc XX- Fl- y- Klppdc "1?>2/ l Ucdd+~dca`c` flk~daomp xsdc7 ^daompoii `lcv mlp ecp ic`cxad   gsxov`ofpolm hcfasvc pbc hcdocyc @cicm`amp uodd svc a ic`cxad `cicmvcIc`cxad qscvpolm gsxov`ofpolm flmpomsc`- Fam a –vpapc+fxcapc` fdaok’ vpapc a ic`cxad qscvpolm pbsv cvpahdovbome ic`cxad vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm< ‖ Exahdc IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"1/ Dafj li Vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm l 82 SVF ¥ 1661 Favchllj 62?+6?5 Exahdc ) Vlmv Kcpad ^xl`sfpv Omf- y- @axsc Cmeomccxome am` l Kamsiafpsxome "8>>3/ 







Kav y- ^cxx 7 aklsmp om flmpxlycxv7 pbc fdaok —om ell` iaopb‛ ksvp hc ahlyc $53>>>- Mlp kcp lmd ubcxc pbc gs`ec flmfds`cv —pl a dcead fcxpaomp‛ pbap  pbc ~daompoii flsd` lmd hc auax`c` dcvv pbam pbc aklsmp om flmpxlycxv xcqsoxckcmp-







Ic`cxad Qscvpolm axovome lsp li a vpapc v papc dau fdaok- Ic`cxad flsxp fam lmd bayc gsxov`ofpolm lycx pbc vpapc dau da u fdaok oi xaovcv lx ok~docv vcxolsv ic`cxad ovvscv am` `lcv mlp vpc~ lm flmexcvvolmadd `ciomc` hlsm`axocv hcpuccm vpapc am` ic`cxad flsxp–@oycxvop’ gsxov`ofpolm- ‖ Kav y- ^cxx IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"1/7 dafj li Vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm 82 SVF ¥ 1668 "a+f/7 lycx 53J am` fopowcmv li `oiicxcmp vpapcv "a/ Pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv vbadd bayc lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm li add foyod afpolmv l ubcxc pbc kappcx om flmpxlycxv crfcc`v pbc vsk lx yadsc li $53>>> crfdsvoyc li ompcxcvp am` flvpv am` ov hcpuccm ‐  "1/ fopowcmv li `oiicxcmp Vpapcv:  "8/ fopowcmv li a Vpapc am` fopowcmv lx vshgcfpv li a ilxcoem vpapc: vp apc:  "6/ fopowcmv li `oiicxcmp Vpapcv am` om ubofb fopowcmv lx vshgcfpv li a  ilxcoem vpapc axc a``opolmad ~axpocv: am` "0/ a ilxcoem vpapc `ciomc` om vcfpolm 19>6 "a/ li pbov popdc av  ~daompoii am` fopowcmv li a Vpapc lx li l i `oiicxcmp VpapcvIlx pbc ~sx~lvcv li pbov vcfpolm vcfpolm 1663 am` vcfpolm 1001 am adocm l a`koppc` pl pbc Smopc` Vpapcv ilx ~cxkamcmp xcvo`cmfc vbadd hc `cckc` a fopowcm li pbc Vpapc om ubofb vsfb adocm ov `lkofodc`"h/ Crfc~p ubcm cr~xcvv ~xlyovolm pbcxcilx ov lpbcxuovc ka`c om a vpapspc l li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv ubcxc pbc ~daompoii ubl iodcv pbc favc lxoeomadd om pbc Ic`cxad flsxpv ov iomadd a`gs`ec` pl hc cmpopdc` pl xcflycx dcvv pbam pbc vsk lx yadsc li $53>>> flk~spc` uopblsp xceax` pl am vcplii lx flsmpcxfdaok pl ubofb pbc `cicm`amp ka hc a`gs`ec` pl hc cmpopdc` am` crfdsvoyc li ompcxcvp am` flvpv pbc `ovpxofp flsxp ka `cm flvpv pl pbc ~daompoii am` om a``opolm ka ok~lvc flvpv lm pbc ~daompoii"f/ Ilx pbc ~sx~lvcv li pbov vcfpolm am` vcfpolm 1001 li pbov popdc ‐  l "1/ a flx~lxapolm vbadd hc `cckc` pl hc a fopowcm li am Vpapc h  ubofb op bav hccm omflx~lxapc` am` li pbc Vpapc ubcxc op bav opv ~xomfo~ad ~dafc li hsvomcvv crfc~p pbap om am `oxcfp afpolm aeaomvp pbc omvsxcx li a ~ldof ~l dof lx flmpxafp li doahodop omvsxamfc ubcpbcx omflx~lxapc` lx smomflx~lxapc` pl ubofb afpolm pbc omvsxc` ov mlp glomc` av a ~axp+`cicm`amp vsfb omvsxcx vbadd hc `cckc` a fopowcm li pbc Vpapc li ubofb pbc omvsxc` ov a fopowcm av ucdd av li am Vpapc h ubofb pbc omvsxcx bav hccm omflx~lxapc` am` li pbc Vpapc ubcxc op bav opv ~xomfo~ad ~dafc li hsvomcvv: am` "8/ pbc dcead xc~xcvcmpapoyc li pbc cvpapc li a `cfc`cmp vbadd hc  `cckc` pl hc a fopowcm lmd li pbc vakc Vpapc av pbc `cfc`cmp am` pbc dcead xc~xcvcmpapoyc li am omiamp lx omflk~cpcmp vbadd hc 









`cckc` pl hc a fopowcm lmd li pbc vakc Vpapc av pbc omiamp lx omflk~cpcmpFavchllj 6?5+0>? Kav y- ^cxx "3pb Fox- 1?50/ l Ilx `oycxvop VKG add ^v‟ vpapc fopowcmvbo~v ksvp hc `oiicxcmp pbam  add @v‟ vpapc fopowcmvbo~v sm`cx 1668a/ Fopowcmvbo~ ov `ciomc` h ubcxc a ~axp ov7 ~cxkamcmpd `lkofodc` am`  bav pbc ompcmpolm li xcpsxmome ubcmcycx bc ov ahvcmp  pbcxcixlk h/ @lkofodc fbamec Pajome s~ xcvo`cmfc om a `oiicxcmp `lkofodc uopb  Pbc ompcmpolm pl xckaom om pbc mcu `lkofodc 

Pbc vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm li pbc ic`cxad flsxpv7 fls xpv7 ^cm`amp gsxov`ofpolm "gsxov`ofpolm lycx a vpapc dau fdaok havc` lm opv xcdapolmvbo~ pl a fdaok lycx ubofb pbc flsxp ov crcxfovome lxoeomad ic`cxad qscvpolm gsxov`ofpolm/- SKU y- Eohhv IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"1/7 Dafj li vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm Favchllj 0>?+08> SKU y- Eohhv Vpapc dau fdaokv fam hc appafbc` pl ic`cxad fdaokv oi pbc vbaxc pbc l vakc –flkklm msfdcsv li l~cxapoyc iafp’ A`ylfaf Crcxfovc 6 ov `sc pl`a- Lm hcbadi li ^daompoii ^asda ^app flk~dcpc pbc l~~lvopolm pl @cicm`amp‟v klpolm pl `ovkovv

Pbc vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm li pbc ic`cxad flsxpv7 fls xpv7 Vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm "gsxov`ofpolm lycx a vpapc dau fdaok havc` lm opv xcdapolmvbo~ pl a fdaok lycx ubofb pbc flsxp ov crcxfovome lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm/- ‖ Crrlm Klhodc IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"1/7 dafj li vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm 82 SVF ¥ 1695 "a/ Crfc~p av ~xlyo`c` om vshvcfpolmv "h/ am` "f/ lx av cr~xcvvd ~xlyo`c` lpbcxuovc h Ic`cxad vpapspc om am foyod afpolm li ubofb pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv bayc lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv vbadd bayc vs~~dckcmpad  gsxov`ofpolm lycx add lpbcx fdaokv pbap axc vl xcdapc` pl fdaokv om pbc afpolm uopbom vsfb lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm pbap pbc ilxk ~axp li pbc vakc favc lx flmpxlycxv sm`cx Axpofdc OOO li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv Flmvpopspolm- Vsfb vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm vbadd omfds`c fdaokv pbap omyldyc pbc glom`cx lx ompcxycmpolm li a``opolmad ~axpocv"h/ Om am foyod afpolm li ubofb pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv bayc lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm ilsm`c` vldcd lm vcfpolm 1668 li pbov popdc pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv vbadd mlp bayc vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm sm`cx vshvcfpolm "a/ lycx fdaokv h ~daompoiiv aeaomvp ~cxvlmv ka`c ~axpocv sm`cx Xsdc 10 1? 8> lx 80 li pbc Ic`cxad Xsdcv li Foyod ^xlfc`sxc lx lycx fdaokv h ~cxvlmv ~xl~lvc` pl hc glomc` av ~daompoiiv sm`cx Xsdc 1? li vsfb vsf b xsdcv lx vccjome pl ompcxycmc av ~daompoiiv 



sm`cx Xsdc 80 li vsfb xsdcv ubcm crcxfovome vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm lycx vsfb fdaokv ulsd` hc omflmvovpcmp uopb pbc gsxov`ofpolmad xcqsoxckcmpv li  vcfpolm 1668"f/ Pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv ka `cfdomc pl crcxfovc vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm lycx a fdaok sm`cx vshvcfpolm "a/ oi   ‐  "1/ pbc fdaok xaovcv a mlycd lx flk~dcr ovvsc li Vpapc dau l l "8/ pbc fdaok vshvpampoadd ~xc`lkomapcv lycx pbc fdaok lx fdaokv lycx ubofb pbc `ovpxofp flsxp bav lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm "6/ pbc `ovpxofp flsxp bav `ovkovvc` add fdaokv lycx ubofb op bav lxoeomad l  gsxov`ofpolm lx "0/ om crfc~polmad foxfskvpamfcv pbcxc axc lpbcx flk~cddome xcavlmv l ilx `cfdomome gsxov`ofpolmFavchllj 08>+069 Crrlm Klhod Flx~- y- Adda~appab Vcxyofcv Omf- Zlmd mcc` lmc ^ pl kccp aklsmp om flmpxlycxv xcqsoxckcmpv[ Om a `oycxvop favc oi lmc ~daompoii kccpv pbc aklsmp om flmpxlycxv l xcqsoxckcmp "=53J/ pbcm lpbcx ~daompoiiv fam glom s m`cx xsdc 8>"a/"1/ cycm oi pbc `l mlp kccp pbc aklsmp om flmpxlycxv xcqsoxckcmp- Pbc  glomc` ~daompoiiv bayc vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm ixlk vs~~dckcmpad  gsxov`ofpolm flmicxxc` h 1695"a/ hcfasvc pbcox fdaokv axlvc ixlk pbc vakc favc lx flmpxlycxv



Pbc vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm li pbc ic`cxad flsxpv7 fls xpv7 Xcklyad gsxov`ofpolm ` cicm`amp"v/ pl "gsxov`ofpolm lycx a favc iodc` om vpapc flsxp ubcm –xcklyc`’ h pbc `cicm`amp"v/ ic`cxad flsxp/- ‖ Fapcx~oddax IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"1/7 dafj li vshgcfp kappcx gsxov`ofpolm 82 SVF ¥ 1001 "a/ Crfc~p av lpbcxuovc cr~xcvvd ~xlyo`c` h Afp li Flmexcvv am foyod afpolm hxlsebp om a Vpapc flsxp li ubofb pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv bayc lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm ka hc xcklyc` h pbc `cicm`amp lx pbc `cicm`ampv pl pbc `ovpxofp flsxp li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv ilx pbc `ovpxofp am` `oyovolm ckhxafome pbc ~dafc ubcxc vsfb afpolm ov ~cm`ome- Ilx ~sx~lvcv li  xcklyad sm`cx pbov fba~pcx pbc fopowcmvbo~ li `cicm`ampv vsc` sm`cx iofpopolsv makcv vbadd hc `ovxceax`c`"h/ Am foyod afpolm li ubofb pbc `ovpxofp flsxpv bayc lxoeomad gsxov`ofpolm ilsm`c` lm a fdaok lx xoebp axovome sm`cx pbc Flmvpopspolm pxcapocv lx dauv li  pbc Smopc` Vpapcv vbadd hc xcklyahdc uopblsp xceax` pl pbc fopowcmvbo~ lx xcvo`cmfc li pbc ~axpocv- Am lpbcx vsfb afpolm vbadd hc xcklyahdc lmd oi mlmc li pbc ~axpocv om ompcxcvp ~xl~cxd glomc` am` vcxyc` av `cicm`ampv ov a fopowcm li pbc Vpapc om ubofb vsfb afpolm ov hxlsebp"f/ Ubcmcycx a vc~axapc am` om`c~cm`cmp fdaok lx fasvc li afpolm uopbom pbc  gsxov`ofpolm flmicxxc` h vcfpolm 1661 li pbov popdc ov glomc` uopb lmc lx klxc lpbcxuovc mlm+xcklyahdc fdaokv lx fasvcv li afpolm pbc cmpoxc favc ka hc xcklyc` am` pbc `ovpxofp flsxp ka ka  `cpcxkomc add ovvscv pbcxcom lx om opv `ovfxcpolm ka xckam` add kappcxv om ubofb Vpapc dau ~xc`lkomapcvFavchllj 065+005 







Fapcx~oddax y- Uoddoakv "VFLPSV 1?25/ Xcklyad ov ~xl~cx lmd oi ~daompoii flsd` bayc iodc` pbc vsop om ic`cxad l flsxp om pbc ioxvp ~dafcl Ic`cxad `cicmvcv fammlp hc pbc havov ilx xcklyad- @cicm`ampv fam lmd xcklyc pl ic`cxad flsxp oi ~daompoii avvcxpv ic`cxad xoebpvUcdd+~dca`c` flk~daomp xsdc a~~docv pl xcklyad h `cicm`ampv  gsvp dojc op a~~docv pl omopoadd iodome iodome a fdaok h ~daompoiiv

^cxvlmad Gsxov`ofpolm ^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 ^cmmlcx y- Mcii am` pbc Flmvpopspolmad dokopv lm pbc xcafb li pbc vpapc flsxpvIXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/7 Dafj li ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm Favchllj 132+151 ^cmmlcx y- Mcii  A`ylfaf crcxfovc 0 ov `sc pl`a- Flk~dcpc pbc kckl om vs~~lxp li pbc klpolm h ^daompoii pl akcm` bcx flk~daomp pl a`` a vs~~dckcmpad vpapc dau fdaok sm`cx Fadoilxmoa dau ilx `ovfxokomapolm havc` lm kaxopad vpapsv

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 ^cmmlcx y- Mcii xcflmvo`cxc`$ Ompcxmapolmad Vblc y- UavbomeplmIXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 159+12? Ompcxmapolmad Vblc y- Uavbomeplm l Xcgcfpv mceapoyc bld`ome li ^cmmlcx ilx flx~lxapolmv ^cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm ayaodahdc oi7 l Komoksk flmpafpv Iaox am` vshvpampoad gsvpofc 

 

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 Ompcxmapolmad Vblc a~~doc`: Ulxd` +Uo`c Yldjvuaecm ) Ell`cax @smdl~ Poxcv y- Hxlum "S-V- Vs~xckc Flsxp favc 1>+59 `cfovolm ovvsc` Gsmc 85 8>11/ IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 12?+8>1: Ell`cax `cfovolm uodd hc ~lvpc` lm H+V~afcUlxd`+uo`c Yldjvuaecm ^sx~lvcisd ayaodkcmp pl pbc hcmciopv li pbc ilxsk vpapcl Bamvlm y- @cmfjda7 –ubcm a flx~lxapolm ayaodv opvcdi li pbc ~xoyodcec li   flm`sfpome hsvomcvv uopbom pbc ilxsk vpapc$’ op bav fdcax  mlpofc pbap op ov vshgcfp pl vsop pbcxc–smodapcxad afpoyop li pblvc ubl fdaok vlkc  xcdapolmvbo~ uopb pbc mlmxcvo`cmp `cicm`amp fammlp vapovi xcqsoxckcmp li flmpafp uopb pbc ilxsk vpapc’  Ulxd` uo`c `o` mlp vcdd faxv pl LJ fopowcmv vl op `o` mlp ~sx~lvcisdd ayaod opvcdi li pbc ~xoyodcecv li `lome hsvomcvv om pbap vpapc am` komoksk flmpafpv axc mlp 





vapovioc` h fsvplkcx pajome pbcox ~xl`sfp pl ilxsk vpapcIlxcvccahodop pbap pbc fax ulsd` pxaycd pbcxc ov mlp cmlseb ilx l komoksk flmpafpvEll`cax @smdl~ Poxcv y- Hxlum Vpxcak li flkkcxfc `lcv mlp flmicx v~cfoiof gsxov`ofpolm l l Kcxc ~sxfbavcv ap xcesdax ompcxyadv `lcv mlp flmicx ecmcxad  gsxov`ofpolm-

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 Ompcxmapolmad Vblc xcilxksdapc` O: Hsxecx Jome IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 8>?+883 Hsxecx Jome y- Xs`wocuofw 

l

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 Ompcxmapolmad Vblc xcilxksdapc` OO: Avabo ) crfcx~pv ixlk G- KfOmpxc Kafbomcx Dp` y- Mofavpxl "S-V- Vs~xckc Flsxp favc >?+ 1606 `cfovolm ovvsc` Gsmc 85 8>11/IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 883+808: Mofavpxl `cfovolm uodd hc ~lvpc` lm H+V~afcAvabo G- KfOmpxc Kafbomcx Dp` y- Mofavpxl  

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 ^cmmlcx xc +a~~doc`: Vbaiicx y- Bcopmcx IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 893+821 Vbaiicx y- Bcopmcx 

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 Vbaiicx xcflmvo`cxc`: Hsxmbak y- Vs~cxolx Flsxp IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 821+8?9 ^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 ^cmmlcx xca~~doc`: flmvcmp h flmpxafp IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 685+601 Faxmoyad Fxsovc Domcv Omf- y- Vbspc A`ylfaf crcxfovc 3 ov `sc pl`a- Flk~dcpc pbc kckl om vs~~lxp li pbc klpolm h @cicm`amp Faxd Flucm pl `ovkovv ilx dafj li ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm

^cxvlmad "–pcxxoplxoad’/ Gsxov`ofpolm7 ^cmmlcx flmfds`c`: ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm h uaoycx: dokopc` a~~caxamfc xsdc IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"8/ Favchllj 601+638 Omvsxamfc Flx~- li Oxcdam` Dp`- Y- Flk~aemoc @cv Hasropcv @c Esomcc "SV 1?28/ 

Ycmsc am` Pxamvicx Ycmsc am` pxamvicx li ycmsc IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"6/ 82 SVF ¥¥ 16?1 "a/ A foyod afpolm ubcxcom gsxov`ofpolm ov ilsm`c` lmd lm `oycxvop li  fopowcmvbo~ ka crfc~p av lpbcxuovc ~xlyo`c` h dau hc hxlsebp lmd om "1/ a gs`ofoad `ovpxofp ubcxc am `cicm`amp xcvo`cv$ oi add `cicm`ampv xcvo`c om pbc vakc Vpapc "8/ a gs`ofoad `ovpxofp om ubofb a vshvpampoad ~axp li pbc cycmpv lx lkovvolmv eoyome xovc pl pbc fdaok lffsxxc` lx a vshvpampoad ~axp li ~xl~cxp pbap ov pbc vshgcfp li pbc afpolm ov vopsapc` lx "6/ a gs`ofoad `ovpxofp om ubofb am `cicm`amp ov vshgcfp pl ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm ap pbc pokc pbc afpolm ov flkkcmfc` oi pbcxc ov ml `ovpxofp om ubofb pbc afpolm ka lpbcxuovc hc hxlsebp"h/ A foyod afpolm ubcxcom gsxov`ofpolm ov mlp ilsm`c` vldcd lm `oycxvop li fopowcmvbo~ fopowcmvb o~ ka crfc~p av lpbcxuovc ~xlyo`c` h dau hc hxlsebp lmd om "1/ a gs`ofoad `ovpxofp ubcxc am `cicm`amp xcvo`cv$ oi add `cicm`ampv xcvo`c om pbc vakc Vpapc "8/ a gs`ofoad `ovpxofp om ubofb a vshvpampoad ~axp li pbc cycmpv lx lkovvolmv eoyome xovc pl pbc fdaok lffsxxc` lx a vshvpampoad ~axp li ~xl~cxp pbap ov pbc vshgcfp li pbc afpolm ov vopsapc` lx "6/ a gs`ofoad `ovpxofp om ubofb am `cicm`amp ka hc ilsm`$ oi pbcxc ov ml `ovpxofp om ubofb pbc afpolm ka lpbcxuovc hc hxlsebp"f/ Ilx ~sx~lvcv li ycmsc sm`cx pbov fba~pcx a `cicm`amp pbap ov a flx~lxapolm vbadd hc `cckc` pl xcvo`c om am gs`ofoad `ovpxofp om ubofb op ov vshgcfp pl ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm ap pbc pokc pbc afpolm ov flkkcmfc`- Om a Vpapc ubofb bav klxc pbam lmc gs`ofoad `ovpxofp am` om ubofb a `cicm`amp pbap ov a flx~lxapolm ov vshgcfp pl ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm ap pbc pokc am afpolm ov flkkcmfc` vsfb flx~lxapolm vbadd hc `cckc` pl xcvo`c om am `ovpxofp om pbap Vpapc uopbom ubofb opv flmpafpv ulsd` hc vsiiofocmp vs iiofocmp pl vshgcfp op pl ~cxvlmad gsxov`ofpolm oi pbap `ovpxofp ucxc a vc~axapc Vpapc am` oi pbcxc ov ml vsfb `ovpxofp pbc flx~lxapolm vbadd hc `cckc` pl xcvo`c om pbc `ovpxofp uopbom ubofb op bav pbc klvp voemoiofamp flmpafpv"`/ Am adocm ka hc vsc` om am `ovpxofp82 SVF Vcfpolm10>0

"a/ Ilx pbc flmycmocmfc li ~axpocv am` uopmcvvcv om pbc ompcxcvp li gsvpofc a `ovpxofp flsxp ka pxamvicx am foyod afpolm pl am lpbcx `ovpxofp lx `oyovolm ubcxc op koebp bayc hccm hxlsebp"h/ S~lm klpolm flmvcmp lx vpo~sdapolm li add ~axpocv am afpolm vsop lx ~xlfcc`ome li a foyod mapsxc lx am klpolm lx bcaxome pbcxcli ka hc pxamvicxxc` om pbc `ovfxcpolm li pbc flsxp ixlk pbc `oyovolm om ubofb ~cm`ome pl am lpbcx `oyovolm om pbc vakc `ovpxofp- Pxamvicx li ~xlfcc`omev om xck hxlsebp h lx lm hcbadi li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv ka hc pxamvicxxc` sm`cx pbov vcfpolm uopblsp pbc flmvcmp li pbc Smopc` Vpapcv ubcxc add lpbcx ~axpocv xcqscvp pxamvicx"f/ A `ovpxofp flsxp ka lx`cx am foyod afpolm pl hc pxoc` ap am ~dafc ~da fc uopbom pbc `oyovolm om ubofb op ov ~cm`ome"`/ Av svc` om pbov vcfpolm$ pbc pcxk –`ovpxofp flsxp’ omfds`cv pbc @ovpxofp Flsxp li Esak$ pbc @ovpxofp Flsxp ilx pbc Mlxpbcxm Kaxoama Ovdam`v am` pbc @ovpxofp Flsxp li pbc Yoxeom Ovdam`v am` pbc pcxk –`ovpxofp’ omfds`cv pbc pcxxoplxoad gsxov`ofpolm li  cafb vsfb flsxpFavchllj 00?+058 Icxcmv y- Glbm @ccxc Fl- "1??>/ Fbamec li flsxpxllkv mlp xsdcv 



^daompoiiv fam svc fbamec li ycmsc gsvp dojc `cicm`ampv

Pbc flkklm dau adpcxmapoyc pl ¥ 10>0: ilxsk mlm flmycmocmv ‖ ^o~cx Aoxfxaip IXF^ Xsdc 18"h/"6/ Favchllj 058+029

Mlpofc am` ^xlfcvv Uc`mcv`a 1>,3 Mlpofc am` vcxyofc li ~xlfcvv ‖ Ksddamc IXF^ Xsdcv 18"h/"0/ am` 18"h/"3/ Favchllj 8?9+6>2 Ixo`a 1>,5 Mlpofc am` vcxyofc li ~xlfcvv ‖ Glmcv y- Idlucxv IXF^ Xsdcv 18"h/"0/ am` 18"h/"3/ Favchllj 6>2+685 Pscv`a 1>,11 Amvucxome pbc flk~daomp ‖ Wocdomvjo IXF^ Xsdcv 2"h/ am` 2Zf/ "h/ @cicmvcv: A`kovvolmv am` @cmoadv"1/ Om Ecmcxad- Om xcv~lm`ome pl a ~dca`ome a ~axp ksvp7 "A/ vpapc om vblxp am` ~daom pcxkv opv `cicmvcv pl cafb fdaok avvcxpc` aeaomvp op: am` "H/ a`kop lx `cm pbc addceapolmv avvcxpc` aeaomvp op h am l~~lvome ~axp"8/ @cmoadv ‐  Xcv~lm`ome pl pbc Vshvpamfc- A `cmoad ksvp iaoxd xcv~lm` pl pbc vshvpamfc li pbc addceapolm"6/ Ecmcxad am` V~cfoiof @cmoadv- A ~axp pbap ompcm`v om ell` iaopb pl `cm add pbc addceapolmv li  a ~dca`ome ‐ omfds`ome omfds`ome pbc gsxov`ofpolmad exlsm`v ‐ ka ka `l vl h a ecmcxad `cmoad- A ~axp pbap `lcv mlp ompcm` pl `cm add pbc addceapolmv ksvp copbcx v~cfoiofadd `cm `cvoemapc` addceapolmv lx ecmcxadd `cm add crfc~p pblvc v~cfoiofadd a`koppc`"0/ @cmome ^axp li am Addceapolm- A ~axp pbap ompcm`v om ell` iaopb pl `cm lmd ~axp li am addceapolm ksvp a`kop pbc ~axp pbap ov pxsc am` `cm pbc xcvp"3/ Dafjome Jmludc`ec lx Omilxkapolm- A ~axp pbap dafjv jmludc`ec lx omilxkapolm vsiiofocmp pl ilxk a hcdoci ahlsp pbc pxspb li am addceapolm ksvp vl vpapc am` pbc vpapckcmp bav pbc ciicfp li a `cmoad-

"9/ Ciicfp li Iaodome pl @cm- Am addceapolm ‐ lpbcx lpbcx pbam lmc xcdapome pl pbc aklsmp li `akaecv ‐   ‐  ov a`koppc` oi a xcv~lmvoyc ~dca`ome ov xcqsoxc` am` pbc addceapolm ov mlp `cmoc`- Oi a xcv~lmvoyc ~dca`ome ov mlp xcqsoxc` am addceapolm ov flmvo`cxc` `cmoc` lx aylo`c`"f/ Aiioxkapoyc @cicmvcv"1/ Om Ecmcxad- Om xcv~lm`ome pl a ~dca`ome a ~axp ksvp aiioxkapoycd vpapc am aylo`amfc lx aiioxkapoyc `cicmvc omfds`ome7 • afflx` am` vapoviafpolm:• axhopxapolm am` auax`:• avvsk~polm li xovj:• flmpxohsplx mcedoecmfc: cvpl~~cd: • iaodsxc li flmvo`cxapolm:• ixas`:• oddceadop:• omgsx h icddlu vcxyamp:• dafbcv:dofcmvc:• ~akcmp:• xcdcavc:• xcv gs`ofapa:• vpapspc li ixas`v:• vpapspc li dokopapolmv : am`• uaoycx-

"8/ Kovpajcm @cvoemapolm- Oi a ~axp kovpajcmd `cvoemapcv a `cicmvc av a flsmpcxfdaok lx a flsmpcxfdaok av a `cicmvc pbc flsxp ksvp oi gsvpofc xcqsoxcv pxcap pbc ~dca`ome av pblseb op ucxc flxxcfpd `cvoemapc` am` ka ok~lvc pcxkv ilx `lome vlFavchllj 929+9?0 Wocdomvjo y- ^boda`cd~boa ^ocxv Omf @ `cmoc` add fdaokv hsp lmd uampc` pl `cm 8,6- Oi ls svc a ecmcxad `cmoad pbcm ls fammlp fbamec op dapcx oi ls jmcu pbap lmc li pbc pbxcc pb xcc ucxc pxsc- Lpbcxuovc flsxp uodd ok~lvc vamfpolmv dojc doahodop ilx cqso~kcmp iaodsxc pbap ls `o` mlp lum hsp kcxcd l~cxapc` am` kaompaomc`Uc`mcv`a 1>,18 Akcm`ome pbc ~dca`omev ‖ Ulxpbomeplm IXF^ Xsdc 13 –xcdapolm hafj’ Favchllj 9?0+5>9 Jxs~vjo y- Flvpa Fxlfocxc 16> V- Fp- 8023 "`cfo`c` Gsmc 5 8>1>/ Am c`opc` ycxvolm li pbov `cfovolm uodd hc ilsm` lm H+V~afc-

Glom`cx ^axpocv,Fdaokv$ Ok~dca`cx$ Ompcxycmpolm Glom`cx li fdaokv IXF^ Xsdcv 12"a/$ 16"a/$ 16"h/ am` 16"e/ Xsdc 12"a/ Glom`cx li Fdaokv  A ~axp avvcxpome a fdaok flsmpcxfdaok fxlvvfdaok lx pbox`+~axp l fdaok ka glom av om`c~cm`cmp lx adpcxmapoyc fdaokv av kam fdaokv av op bav aeaomvp am l~~lvome ~axpOi ls bayc a ~xl~cx fdaok ubofb axovcv ixlk vakc pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc pbcm ls fam a`` om`c~cm`cmp fdaokv "av dlme av pbc bayc vc~axapc gsxov`ofpolm vs~~lxp/Xsdc 16"a/ Flk~sdvlx Flsmpcxfdaok  A ~dca`ome ksvp vpapc av a flsmpcxfdaok am fdaok pbap ‐ ap pbc pokc l li opv vcxyofc ‐ pbc ~dca`cx bav aeaomvp am l~~lvome ~axp oi pbc fdaok7 





"A/ axovcv lsp li pbc pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc pbap ov pbc vshgcfp kappcx li pbc l~~lvome ~axp%v fdaok: am` "H/ `lcv mlp xcqsoxc a``ome amlpbcx ~axp lycx ublk pbc flsxp fammlp afqsoxc gsxov`ofpolm-

Favchllj 5>5+582 Glmcv y- Ilx` Klplx Fxc`op Flk~am "8` Fox- 8>>0/ l Iafpv7 Glmcv hlsebp Ilx` ycbofdcv uopb Ilx`‟v fxc`op iomamfome ~damAddcec` `ovfxokomapolm aeaomvp Aixofam+Akcxofamv sm`cx ic`cxad dauIlx` Fxc`op `cmoc` `ovfxokomapolm am` flsmpcxfdaokc` sm`cx vpapc dau ilx pbc aklsmpv li pbcox sm~ao` dlamvBld`ome7 ^cxkovvoyc flsmpcxfdaokv advl bayc vs~~dckcmpad l  gsxov`ofpolml Xcavlmome7 Vakc —pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc‛ "xsdc 16"h/ damesaec/ ov maxxlucx pbam‛ vakc favc lx flmpxlycxv‛,vakc flmvpopspolmad favc "Eohhv,1695 vs~~dckcmpad gsxov`ofpolm,Axpofdc OOO damesaec/FMLLI ov hxla`cx pbam vakc pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc- Uc uamp pl eoyc @v klxc dccua om `cfo`ome ubcpbcx pbc uamp pl hxome flsmpcxfdaokv vl uc xc`sfc pbc aklsmp li favcv xcqsoxc` sm`cx 16"a/ am` crpcm` gsxov`ofpolm pl 16"h/ pbap `l mlp bayc om`c~cm`cmp  gsxov`ofpolm 



Iaoxyocu ^axj Crfayapome Fl- y- Ad Klmwl Flmvpxsfpolm Fll Iafpv7 Iaoxyocu vscv Ad Klmwl am` Plumvbo~ av glomc` `cicm`ampv

l

sm`cx `oycxvop gsxov`ofpolm ilx mlp ~aome op- Ad klmw l fxlvvfdaokv aeaomvp Plumvbo~- Plumvbo~ flsmpcxfdaokv- Plumvbo~ klycv ilx `ovkovvad li Iaoxyocuv fdaokv am` uomv vl op ov lmd xcdapc` hcfasvc li  fxlvv fdaok am` flsmpcxfdaok pl Ad Klmwl- Dlucx flsxp gs`ec `cfo`cv pbap hcfasvc pbc fdaok ubofb flmicxxc` gsxov`ofpolm bav hccm vcppdc` pbc fxlvv fdaok dafjv gsxov`ofpolm- Boebcx flsxp xcycxvcvBld`ome7 A fxlvvfdaok xcpaomv vs~~dckcmpad gsxv`ofpolm cycm oi pbc ~xokax fdaok bav hccm `ovkovvc` lm pbc kcxopvOi pbc ~xokax fdaok uav `ovkovvc` lm gsxov`ofpolm exlsm`v pbcm pbc vs~~dckcmpad fdaokv ulsd` hc `ovkovvc` av ucddXcavlmome7 Oi uc ecp xo` li fxlvvfdaokv cycx pokc pbc ~xokax fdaok ov `ovkovvc` lm mlm+gsxov`ofpolmad exlsm`v pbcm uc `cvpxl ~xl~cxd kaompaomahdc fdaokv h ua li vs~~dckcmpax gsxvo`ofpolm- Op ov am cdckcmpax ~xomfo~dc pbap – gsxov`ofpolm ubofb bav lmfc appafbc` ov mlp dlvp h vshvcqscmp cycmpv-’ 

l



Oi gsxov`ofpolm uav mcycx ~xl~cx pbcm op vblsd` hc xcklyc` hsp pbap ov mlp pbc favc bcxc-

IXF^ Xsdc 8>"a/ ^cxkovvoyc glom`cx li ~axpocv 

^cxvlmv Ubl Ka Glom lx Hc Glomc`l ^daompoiiv^cxvlmv ka glom om lmc afpolm av ~daompoiiv oi7 





pbc avvcxp am xoebp pl xcdoci glompd vcycxadd lx om pbc adpcxmapoyc uopb xcv~cfp pl lx axovome lsp li pbc vakc pxamvafpolm$ lffsxxcmfc$ lx vcxocv li pxamvafpolmv lx lffsxxcmfcv: am` am qscvpolm li dau lx iafp flkklm pl add ~daompoiiv uodd axovc om pbc afpolm-

@cicm`ampv^cxvlmv ‐ av ucdd av a ycvvcd faxel lx lpbcx ~xl~cxp vshgcfp pl a`koxadp ~xlfcvv om xck ‐ ka hc glomc` om lmc afpolm av `cicm`ampv oi7  am xoebp pl xcdoci ov avvcxpc` aeaomvp pbck glompd vcycxadd lx om pbc adpcxmapoyc uopb xcv~cfp pl lx axovome lsp li pbc vakc pxamvafpolm$ lffsxxcmfc$ lx vcxocv li  pxamvafpolmv lx lffsxxcmfcv: am`  am qscvpolm li dau lx iafp flkklm pl add `cicm`ampv uodd axovc om pbc afpolmFavchllj 582+506 Jc`xa y- Fop li ^boda`cd~boa "C-@- ^cmm- 1?52/ l Iafpv7 ^ldofc yoldcmpd baxavv ~daompoiiv lycx a ~cxol` li 10 pl 13 klmpbv- @oiicxcmp ~ldofc liiofcxv flkkoppc` yaxolsv fxokcv ap yaxolsv pokcv mcycx add liiofcxv ap lmfc hsp ~ldofc fboci jmcu ahlsp appafjv^daompoiiv hxome vsop sm`cx ic`cxad dau "Vcfpolm 1?26 Foyod Xoebpv dau/^daompoiiv px pl glom `cicm`ampv ompl lmc ~axp ~ axp sm`cx Xsdc 8>"a/"8/@cicm`ampv axesc pbap pbcxc uav ml vakc pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc hcpuccm pbc yaxolsv ~ldofc liiofcxv hcfasvc pbc afpv ucmp lm ilx klmpbvBld`ome7 Klmpbv li baxavvkcmp am` ahsvc fam flsmp av vakc l pxamvafpolm lx vcxocv li pxamvafpolmv lx lffsxxcmfcvl Xcavlmome7 Vakc pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc vblsd` hc ompcx~xcpc` dohcxaddl





Ok~dca`cx IXF^ Xsdc 10

"a/ Ubcm a @cicm`ome ^axp Ka Hxome om a Pbox` ^axp"1/ Pokome li pbc Vskklmv am` Flk~daomp- A `cicm`ome ~axp ka av pbox`+~axp ~daompoii vcxyc a vskklmv am` flk~daomp lm a mlm~axp ubl ov lx ka hc doahdc pl op ilx add lx ~axp li pbc fdaok aeaomvp op- Hsp pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii ksvp h klpolm lhpaom pbc flsxp%v dcayc oi op iodcv pbc pbox`+~axp flk~daomp klxc pbam 10 `av aipcx vcxyome v cxyome opv lxoeomad amvucx"8/ Pbox`+^axp @cicm`amp%v Fdaokv am` @cicmvcv- Pbc ~cxvlm vcxyc` uopb pbc vskklmv am`  ‐pbc –pbox`+ ~axp  ~axp `cicm`amp’7 pbox`+~axp flk~daomp ‐pbc "A/ ksvp avvcxp am `cicmvc aeaomvp pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii%v fdaok sm`cx Xsdc 18: 18: "H/ ksvp avvcxp am flsmpcxfdaok aeaomvp pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii sm`cx Xsdc 16a 16a am` ka avvcxp am flsmpcxfdaok aeaomvp pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii sm`cx Xsdc 16"h/ lx am fxlvvfdaok aeaomvp amlpbcx pbox`+~axp `cicm`amp sm`cx Xsdc 16"e/: 16"e/: "F/ ka avvcxp aeaomvp pbc ~daompoii am `cicmvc `c icmvc pbap pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii bav pl pbc ~daompoii%v fdaok: am` "@/ ka advl avvcxp aeaomvp pbc ~daompoii am fdaok axovome lsp li pbc pxamvafpolm pxamva fpolm lx lffsxxcmfc pbap ov pbc vshgcfp kappcx li pbc ~daompoii%v fdaok aeaomvp pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii"6/ ^daompoii%v Fdaokv Aeaomvp a Pbox`+^axp @cicm`amp- Pbc ~daompoii ka avvcxp aeaomvp pbc pbox`+ ~axp `cicm`amp am fdaok axovome lsp li pbc pxamvafpolm lx lffsxxcmfc pbap ov pbc vshgcfp kappcx li  pbc ~daompoii%v fdaok aeaomvp pbc pbox`+~axp ~daompoii- Pbc pbox`+~axp `cicm`amp ksvp pbcm avvcxp am `cicmvc sm`cx Xsdc 18 am` am flsmpcxfdaok sm`cx Xsdc 16"a/ 16"a/ am` ka avvcxp am flsmpcxfdaok sm`cx Xsdc 16"h/ lx am fxlvvfdaok sm`cx Xsdc 16"e/16"e/"0/ Klpolm pl Vpxojc$ Vcycx$ lx Px Vc~axapcd- Am ~axp ka klyc pl vpxojc pbc pbox`+~axp fdaok pl vcycx op lx pl px op vc~axapcd"3/ Pbox`+^axp @cicm`amp%v Fdaok Aeaomvp a Mlm~axp- A pbox`+~axp `cicm`amp ka ~xlfcc` sm`cx pbov xsdc aeaomvp a mlm~axp ubl ov lx ka hc h c doahdc pl pbc pbox`+~axp `cicm`amp ilx add lx ~axp li am fdaok aeaomvp op"9/ Pbox`+^axp Flk~daomp Om Xck- Oi op ov uopbom pbc a`koxadp lx kaxopokc gsxov`ofpolm a pbox`+  ~axp flk~daomp ka hc om xck- Om pbap cycmp$ a xcicxcmfc om pbov xsdc pl pbc –vskklmv’ omfds`cv pbc uaxxamp li axxcvp am` a xcicxcmfc pl pbc `cicm`amp lx pbox`+~axp ~daompoii omfds`cv ubcm a~~xl~xoapc a ~cxvlm ubl avvcxpv a xoebp sm`cx Vs~~dckcmpad Xsdc F"9/"a/"o/ om pbc ~xl~cxp axxcvpc`"h/ Ubcm a ^daompoii Ka Hxome om a Pbox` ^axp^ axp- Ubcm a fdaok ov avvcxpc` aeaomvp a ~daompoii pbc ~daompoii ka hxome om a pbox` ~axp oi pbov xsdc ul sd` addlu a `cicm`amp pl `l vl-

Favchllj 533+593 Hamjv y- Fop li Ckcxyoddc  Iafpv7  Bld`ome7 Xcavlmome7 

Ompcxycmpolm h mlm+~axpocv IXF^ Xsdc 80 Favchllj 593+599 559+526

@ovflycx @ovflycx O ++ @ovflycx kcpbl`v IXF^ Xsdcv 89 6> 68 66 60 63 am` 65 Favchllj 228+22? ?>1+?>5 Lhvcxyc `c~lvopolm li ^asda ^app @ovflycx OO ‖ @ovflycx ~xlpcfpoyc lx`cxv klpolmv pl flk~cd am` vamfpolmv IXF^ Xsdcv 89"f/ 65 Favchllj ?09+?32 ?59+?5? @ovflycx OOO ‖ @ovflycx ^xoyodcecv am` Okksmopocv IXF^ Xsdc 89"h/"6 am` 3/

Fdavv Afpolm Fdavv afpolm lycxyocu IXF^ Xsdc 86 Favchllj 5?0+216 Fdavv afpolmv ‖ Uad+Kaxp am` hclm` Favchllj 281+280 29>+296 Uad+Kaxp Vplxcv Omf- y- @sjcv "S-V- Vs~xckc Flsxp Ml- 1>+855 `cfo`c` Gsmc 8> 8>11/ "lm H+V~afc/

Vskkax Gs`ekcmp Vskkax Gs`ekcmp O ‖ A`ofjcv: Fcdlpcr IXF^ Xsdc 39 Klpolm ilx Vskkax Gs`ekcmp lx ^axpoad Vskkax Gs`ekcmp- A ~axp ka klyc ilx vskkax  gs`ekcmp o`cmpoiome cafb fdaok lx `cicmvc ‐ lx pbc ~axp li cafb fdaok lx `cicmvc ‐ lm ubofb vskkax gs`ekcmp ov vlsebp- Pbc flsxp vbadd examp vskkax gs`ekcmp oi pbc klyamp vbluv

pbap pbcxc ov ml ecmsomc `ov~spc ` ov~spc av pl am kapcxoad iafp am` pbc klyamp ov cmpopdc` pl  gs`ekcmp av a kappcx li dau- Pbc flsxp vblsd` vpapc lm pbc xcflx` pbc xcavlmv ilx exampome lx

`cmome pbc klpolm"h/ Pokc pl Iodc a Klpolm- Smdcvv a `oiicxcmp pokc ov vcp h dlfad xsdc lx pbc flsxp lx`cxv lpbcxuovc a ~axp ka iodc a klpolm ilx vskkax gs`ekcmp ap am pokc smpod sm pod 6> `av aipcx pbc fdlvc li add `ovflycx"f/ ^xlfc`sxcv"1/ Vs~~lxpome Iafpsad ^lvopolmv- A ~axp avvcxpome pbap a iafp fammlp hc lx ov ecmsomcd `ov~spc` ksvp vs~~lxp pbc avvcxpolm h7 "A/ fopome pl ~axpofsdax ~axpv li kapcxoadv om pbc xcflx`$ xcflx` $ omfds`ome `c~lvopolmv$ `lfskcmpv$ cdcfpxlmofadd vplxc` omilxkapolm$ aiio`ayopv lx `cfdaxapolmv$ vpo~sdapolmv "omfds`ome pblvc ka`c ilx ~sx~lvcv li pbc klpolm lmd/$ a`kovvolmv$ ompcxxleaplx amvucxv$ lx lpbcx kapcxoadv: lx "H/ vbluome pbap pbc kapcxoadv fopc` `l mlp cvpahdovb pbc ahvcmfc ah vcmfc lx ~xcvcmfc li a ecmsomc `ov~spc$ lx pbap am a`ycxvc ~axp fammlp ~xl`sfc a`kovvohdc cyo`cmfc pl vs~~lxp pbc iafp-

"8/ Lhgcfpolm Pbap a Iafp Ov Mlp Vs~~lxpc` h A`kovvohdc Cyo`cmfc- A ~axp ka lhgcfp pbap pbc kapcxoad fopc` pl vs~~lxp lx `ov~spc a iafp fammlp hc ~xcvcmpc` om a ilxk pbap ulsd` hc a`kovvohdc om cyo`cmfc"6/ Kapcxoadv Mlp Fopc`- Pbc flsxp mcc` flmvo`cx lmd pbc fopc` kapcxoadv hsp op ka flmvo`cx lpbcx kapcxoadv om pbc xcflx`"0/ Aiio`ayopv lx @cfdaxapolmv- Am aiio`ayop lx `cfdaxapolm svc` pl vs~~lxp lx l~~lvc a klpolm ksvp hc ka`c lm ~cxvlmad jmludc`ec vcp lsp iafpv pbap ulsd` hc a`kovvohdc om cyo`cmfc am` vblu pbap pbc aiioamp lx `cfdaxamp ov flk~cpcmp pl pcvpoi lm pbc kappcxv vpapc`"`/ Ubcm Iafpv Axc Smayaodahdc pl pbc Mlmklyamp- Oi a mlmklyamp vbluv h aiio`ayop lx `cfdaxapolm pbap ilx v~cfoioc` xcavlmv op fammlp ~xcvcmp iafpv cvvcmpoad pl gsvpoi opv l~~lvopolm pbc flsxp ka7 "1/ `cicx flmvo`cxome pbc klpolm lx `cm op: "8/ addlu pokc pl lhpaom aiio`ayopv lx `cfdaxapolmv l x pl pajc `ovflycx: lx "6/ ovvsc am lpbcx a~~xl~xoapc lx`cx"c/ Iaodome pl ^xl~cxd Vs~~lxp lx A``xcvv a Iafp- Oi a ~axp iaodv pl ~xl~cxd vs~~lxp am avvcxpolm li iafp lx iaodv pl ~xl~cxd a``xcvv amlpbcx ~axp‟v avvcxpolm li iafp av xcqsoxc` h  Xsdc 39"f/ 39"f/ pbc flsxp ka7

"1/ eoyc am l~~lxpsmop pl ~xl~cxd vs~~lxp lx a``xcvv pbc iafp: "8/ flmvo`cx pbc iafp sm`ov~spc` ilx ~sx~lvcv li pbc klpolm: "6/ examp vskkax gs`ekcmp oi pbc klpolm am` vs~~lxpome kapcxoadv ‐ omfds`ome pbc iafpv flmvo`cxc` sm`ov~spc` ‐ vblu pbap pbc klyamp ov cmpopdc` pl op: lx "0/ ovvsc am lpbcx a~~xl~xoapc lx`cx"i/ Gs`ekcmp Om`c~cm`cmp li pbc Klpolm- Aipcx eoyome mlpofc am` a xcavlmahdc pokc pl xcv~lm` pbc flsxp ka7 "1/ examp vskkax gs`ekcmp ilx a mlmklyamp: "8/ examp pbc klpolm lm exlsm`v mlp xaovc` h a ~axp:lx "6/ flmvo`cx vskkax gs`ekcmp lm opv lum aipcx o`cmpoiome ilx pbc ~axpocv kapcxoad iafpv pbap ka mlp hc ecmsomcd om `ov~spc Favchllj ?2>+1>>9 

 A`ofjcv y- V-B- Jxcvv ) Fl- "1?5>/

@ ksvp ~lvopoycd ~xlyc pbap ^ bav bldcv om opv pbclxFcdlpcr Flx~- y- Fapxcpp "1?29/ ^ljome bldcv om ^‟v pbclx ov cmlseb- ^ mcc`v pl vblu klxc pbam kcxc l ~dca`omev pbap op bav pbc cyo`cmfc pl ~xlyc opv favcl



Vskkax Gs`ekcmp OO ‖ Vflpp y- Baxxov IXF^ Xsdc 39 Favchllj 1>11+1>6>

Xoebp pl a Gsx Flmvpopspolmad Xoebp pl Foyod Gsx ‖ Hcaflm Pbcapcxv: @aox Qsccm Smopc` Vpapcv Flmvpopspolm Akcm`kcmp YOO Favchllj 1>35+1>93 1>9?+1>28 Oi pul fdaokv axovc lsp li `ov~spc pbcm px pbc dcead lmc ioxvp pl ~xcvcxyc xoebp  pl a gsx am` pbcm pbc cqsop `ov~spc- Pl `cpcxkomc ubcpbcx fdaok ov dcead lx cqsopahdc dllj pl vokodax afpolmv om flkklm dau li 15?1- Dllj pl xckc`ocv pbap axc hcome xcqscvpc`- Oddsvlx ~dca`ome fammlp bo`c sm`cxdome mapsxc li  xcqscvpGsx vcdcfpolm am` omvpxsfpolm ‖ C`klmvlm IXF^ Xsdc 31 1181+1188 1169+1109 1153+115?  C`klm`vlm y- Dccvyoddc Flmfxcpc Fl- "1??1/ ~-1169

l

^cxck~plx fbaddcmecv fam hc ilx ml fasvc hsp pbc fammlp hc ilx ha` fasvc "c-e- xafc/-

 ‖ –@oxcfpc` Ycx`ofp am` GMLY’ Gs`ekcmp av a Kappcx li Dau "GKD/ O ‖ –@oxcfpc` IXF^ Xsdc 3> Favchllj 1198+1151 Vpam`ax` li GKLD hcilxc ycx`ofp vakc av aipcx ycx`ofp7 vskkax gs`ekcmp7 dafj li vshvpampoad cyo`cmfc c yo`cmfc ~xlyo`c` h ~daompoii om  vs~~lxp li cafb cdckcmp li pbcox favc:  ‖ –GMLY am` Mcu Pxoad’ Gs`ekcmp av a Kappcx li Dau "GKD/ OO ‖ –GMLY IXF^ Xsdc 3> Favchllj 115?+1121 112?+11?9 GMLY vpam`ax`7  vskkax gs`ekcmp7 dafj li vshvpampoad cyo`cmfc ~xlyo`c` h ~daompoii om vs~~lxp li cafb cdckcmp li pbcox favc: Mcu pxoad  Gs`ec ka lx`cx mcu pxoad vsa v~lmpc uopblsp xcqscvp ixlk copbcx ~axp Ucoeb pbc cyo`cmfc- Oi excap ucoebp li pbc cyo`cmfc "klxc pbam ~xc~lm`cxamfc/ ov aeaomvp pbc ycx`ofp pbcm lx`cx a mcu pxoad-

Mcu Pxoad am` Flm`opolmad Mcu Pxoad Favchllj 11?0+11?9 "xc+xca`/ 11?9+18>3  Flm`opolmad mcu pxoad Xckoppopsx "xc`sfpolm li auax` lx dlvc/ l

^xcfdsvolm7 Xcv Gs`ofapa am` Flddapcxad Cvpl~~cd ^xcfdsvolm O Favchllj 1886+1808



^xcfdsvolm OO Flddapcxad Cvpl~~cd7 A gs`ekcmp om a ~xolx ~xlfcc`ome haxv a ~axp am` opv ~xoyocv ixlk xcdopoeapome am ovvsc oi hsp (lmd oi7( pbc ovvscv om hlpb ~xlfcc`omev axc o`cmpofad l pbc ovvsc om pbc ~xolx ~xlfcc`ome uav afpsadd dopoeapc` am` afpsadd l `cfo`c` –afpsadd dopoeapc`’7  a/ pbc ~axpocv axc ecmsomcd a`ycxvc lm pbov ovvsc am` h/ pbap cyo`cmfc lm pbc ovvsc uav ~xcvcmpc` pl pbc flsxpf/ Oi a ~axp flmfc`cv am ovvsc pbcm op bav mlp hccm dopoeapc`"Pxlspp y- Fldlxa`l Ucvpcxm Omvsxamfc Fl-: vpapc‟v iom`ome 



uav havc` lm a`kovvolm li doahodop h @ ubofb `lcv mlp ~xcfds`c pbc ovvsc/ –afpsadd `cfo`c`’7 a/ Flk~xlkovcv vlkcpokcv `l mlp hax xcdopoeapolm hcfasvc pbc axc mlp pbc xcvsdp li ampaelmovpof ~axpocvpbcxc uav isdd am` iaox l~~lxpsmop pl dopoeapc om pbc ~xolx ~xlfcc`ome am` l pbc ovvsc ~xcyolsvd dopoeapc` uav mcfcvvax pl vs~~lxp a yado` am` iomad l  gs`ekcmp lm pbc kcxopv^sx~lvcv7 ciiofocmf "ml mcc` pl uavpc flsxp xcvlsxfcv puofc/ am` flmvovpcmf "flsxpv,gsxocv ulm‟p ovvsc flmidofpome xsdomev lm pbc vakc ovvsc/

^xcfdsvolm OOO ‖ ^axjdamc Favchllj 185?+18?9

Fblofc li Dau am` Cxoc @lfpxomc Fblofc li Dau O ‖ Vuoip y- Pvlm Xsdcv li @cfovolm Afp "X@A/ ++ 82 SVF ¥ 1938 Xsdcv Cmahdome Afp "XCA/ ‖ 82 SVF ¥ 8>58 Favchllj 025+0?6 Fblofc li Dau OO ‖ Cxoc Xsdcv Cmahdome Afp "XCA/ ‖ 82 SVF ¥ 8>58 Favchllj 0?6+3>6 Cxoc X-X- y- Plk~jomv Pxcv~avvcx fammlp xcflycx sm`cx ^boda`cd~boa flkklm dau hsp fam l xcflycx sm`cx ic`cxad flkklm dau- Fxcapcv ilxsk vbl~~ome hcpuccm ic`cxad flsxpv am` vpapc flsxpv ilx vshvpampoyc dau ubofb ov smpcmahdcPbc ic`cxad flsxpv uodd svc pbc vshvpampoyc dau li pbc vpapc ubcxc pbc l flsxp ov ~dafc`l @lfpxomc7 Pbc vakc pxamvafpolm h a mlm+xcvo`cmp dopoeamp om a ic`cxad flsxp omvpca` li om a vpapc flsxp a hdlfj aua vblsd` mlp dca` pl a vshvpampoadd `oiicxcmp xcvsdpCrak~dc7 Hsx`cm li ~xlli om `oycxvop favcv ilddluv vpapc dau "Fopocv Vcxyofc Lod Fl- y- @smda~/ Fblofc li Dau OOO ‖ Esaxamp Pxsvp Favchllj 3>6+311 Esaxamp Pxsvp Fl- y- _lxj "SV 1?03/ –Lspflkc `cpcxkomapoyc’ pcvp l @lcv op voemoiofampd aiicfp pbc xcvsdp li pbc dopoeapolm ilx a ic`cxad flsxp pl `ovxceax` a dau li a Vpapc pbap ulsd` hc flmpxlddome om am afpolm s~lm pbc vakc fdaok h pbc vakc ~axpocv om a Vpapc flsxp< 







Fblofc li Dau OY ‖ Bamma

Xsdcv Cmahdome Afp "XCA/ ‖ 82 SVF ¥ 8>58 Favchllj 315+38? Bamma y- ^dskcx l Ovvsc7 Om a `oycxvop favc vblsd` vcxyofc li ~xlfcvv hc ka`c afflx`ome pl vpapc dau lx IXF^ Xsdc 0"`/"1/< Vsh+ovvsc7 @l uc kcfbamofadd a~~d lspflkc `cpcxkomapoyc pcvp< Ml uc ksvp advl dllj pl pbc aok li pbc Cxoc @lfpxomc7  `ovflsxaeome ilxsk vbl~~ome hcpuccm vpapc flsxpv am` ic`cxad flsxpv ubofb yoldapc` cqsad ~xlpcfpolm li om vpapc am` lsp li vpapc fopowcmvA~~dofapolm7 Addluome lx mlp addluome ic`cxad   ~xlfc`sxc ulsd` mlp bayc aiicfpc` ~daompoii‟v fblofc li  ilxsk- Pbc ulsd` bayc gsvp ilddluc` pbc lpbcx ilxk li  vcxyofcl IXF^ flmpxldv kappcxv uopbom pbcox vfl~c cycm ubcm vpapc ~xlfc`sxad xsdcv ulsd` oi a~~dofahdc xcqsoxc vlkcpbome `oiicxcmp- "X@A Vcfpolm 1938/IXF^ xsdc 0"`/"1/ flmidofpv uopb Kavv- vcxyofc xsdcv hsp xsdc 0 flmpxldv





Adpcxmapoyc @ov~spc Xcvldspolm Adpcxmapoycv pl dopoeapolm av a kcamv li `ov~spc xcvldspolm "–A@X’/ ‖ Vcppdckcmp am` Kc`oapolm Favchllj 1>6>+1>06 Axhopxapolm Adpcxmapoycv pl dopoeapolm av a kcamv li `ov~spc xcvldspolm "–A@X’/ ‖ Axhopxapolm AP)P Klhodop DDF y- Flmfc~folm "Vs~xckc Flsxp >?+2?6 `cfo`c` A~xod 85 8>11/ Favchllj 1>06+1>39