Civil Procedure - Syllabus (1)

SAN BEDA COLLEGE COLLEGE OF LAW Mendiola, Manila

By: ATTY. PLARIDEL J. BOOL II P!o"e##o!

CO$RSE DESCRIPTION:  An in-depth study of the basic principles principles of jurisdiction and the the procedure to be observed observed in the conduct of civi civill case cases. s. It also also incl includ udes es a study study of the the juri jurisd sdic icti tion on of vari various ous cour courts ts of diff differ eren entt leve levels ls and and administrative or quasi-judicial agencies. The course is centered on the study of Rule 1 to 61 of the 1! Rules of "ivil #rocedure and its amendatory circulars and resolutions including the judicial interpretation and application of the rules.

PART. %. & R$LES OF CI'IL PROCED$RE I.

PRELIMINARIES(

a$ "oncept of Remedial %a& b$ Remedial %a& distinguished from 'ubstantive %a&. c$ #rospective (ffect of the Rules of "ourt. 1. )ermejo v. )arrios* +1 '"RA !6,* !!6 retroactivity. d$  Applicability to pending actions retroactivity. 1.

In the atter to /eclare in "ontempt of "ourt 0on. 'imeon /atumanong* ,! '"RA 66* 6+6-6+! 2. #"I %easing and 2inance* Inc. vs. 3o 4o* ,5, '"RA 56* 5 3. 3o vs. 'ubanon* 6, '"RA +6!* 2ebruary * 711. 4. 2irst Aqua Traders* Inc. vs. )an8 of the #hilippine Islands* 51, '"RA +* 6!

e$ 9hen procedural rules do not apply to pending action. f$

Rule ma8ing po&er of 'upreme "ourt 2.1. Art. :III* 'ec. 5 ;5$* "onstitution 2.. Art. :I* 'ec. +7 2.+. #o&er to amend the rules. 2.,. #o&er to suspend the Rules po&er to reverse itself. 2.,. %imitation on the rule-ma8ing po&er of the 'upreme "ourt.

g$ /istinguish "ivil Action* "riminal Action and 'pecial #roceedings.

II.

GENERAL PRO'ISIONS actions or proceedings - govern govern by the Rules of "ourt. (Sec. 2-3, Rule 1, Rules of a$  Applicable actions Court) applicable. (Sec. 4, Rule 1, Rules of Court) b$ In &hat cases Rules of "ourt is not applicable. (Sec. 1. 2. 3. 4.

 Atien
c$ "ommencement of action I.1 "ondition #recedent

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4atarungang #ambarangay 5.

%umbuan vs. Ronqullo* 3.R. >o.

155!1+* ay 5* 776

I.. #ayment of /oc8et 2ees. I.+. #ayment of 2iling 2ees. 6. Heirs Heirs of of Bert Bertuld uldo o Hinog Hinog vs. elico elicor  r * ,55 '"RA ,67 ;775$* reiterating Sun !nsur"nce #ffice, $td. vs. %suncion, 1!7 %suncion,  1!7 '"RA !, ;1$

d$ Rule on %iberal "onstruction purposes. (Sec. 6, Rule 1, Rules of Court) &. 2.A.T. 4ey "omputer 'ystem v. =nline >et&or8s International* Inc. 6,1 '"RA +7* ,7* 2ebruary * 711. '. "ity of /umaguete v. #hil #orts Authority* 3.R. >o. 16!+* Aug. ,* 711. .  Alcantara v. #hilippine "ommercial "ommercial and International )an8* 6+, '"RA ,* 5* =ctober 7* 717. /.1.(?tent and 'cope 'cope of the Rule on %iberal "onstruction. "onstruction. 1. "ommissio "ommissioner ner of Internal Internal Revenue Revenue v. igrant igrant #agbilao #agbilao "orporati "orporation* on* 57, '"RA ,,* ,6 11.  Abrenica v. %a& 2irm of Abrenica* Abrenica* Tungol and Tibayan* 57 '"RA '"RA 61,. 6. /..3eneral Rule on %iberal "onstructions

e?ception.

12. #ilapil v. 0eirs of )riones* 51, '"RA 1!* 11 13. )arangay /asmari@as v. "reative #lay "orner 'chool* 3.R. >o. 16,* an. ,* 711.

III. III.

ACTI ACTION ON,, CA$S CA$SES ES OF ACTI ACTION ON AND PA PARTIE RTIES S

a$ "ause of action ;'ecs. 1-$  /istinguished from right of action.

1.

:irra all Tenants Association* Inc. v. :irra all 3reenhills Association* Inc.* 3.R. >o. 17* =ctober 5* 711.

 A.1. /ifferent /ifferent 4inds of Action  A.. "lassification "lassification of =rdinary =rdinary "ivil Actions Actions

2.

Tamano v. =rti<* 1 '"RA 5,* 5

3.

>ational 'teel "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +7 '"RA 5* 5-5+7.

4.

(mergency %oan #a&nshop* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeal* +5+ '"RA * 1

5.

#ascual v. #ascual* !+ #hil. 561* 56

 A.+. /istinction /istinction bet&een a personal personal and real action.

 A.,. 9hen cause of action is required. required.

6.

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Turner v. %orenovember ,* 717.

4atarungang #ambarangay 5.

%umbuan vs. Ronqullo* 3.R. >o.

155!1+* ay 5* 776

I.. #ayment of /oc8et 2ees. I.+. #ayment of 2iling 2ees. 6. Heirs Heirs of of Bert Bertuld uldo o Hinog Hinog vs. elico elicor  r * ,55 '"RA ,67 ;775$* reiterating Sun !nsur"nce #ffice, $td. vs. %suncion, 1!7 %suncion,  1!7 '"RA !, ;1$

d$ Rule on %iberal "onstruction purposes. (Sec. 6, Rule 1, Rules of Court) &. 2.A.T. 4ey "omputer 'ystem v. =nline >et&or8s International* Inc. 6,1 '"RA +7* ,7* 2ebruary * 711. '. "ity of /umaguete v. #hil #orts Authority* 3.R. >o. 16!+* Aug. ,* 711. .  Alcantara v. #hilippine "ommercial "ommercial and International )an8* 6+, '"RA ,* 5* =ctober 7* 717. /.1.(?tent and 'cope 'cope of the Rule on %iberal "onstruction. "onstruction. 1. "ommissio "ommissioner ner of Internal Internal Revenue Revenue v. igrant igrant #agbilao #agbilao "orporati "orporation* on* 57, '"RA ,,* ,6 11.  Abrenica v. %a& 2irm of Abrenica* Abrenica* Tungol and Tibayan* 57 '"RA '"RA 61,. 6. /..3eneral Rule on %iberal "onstructions

e?ception.

12. #ilapil v. 0eirs of )riones* 51, '"RA 1!* 11 13. )arangay /asmari@as v. "reative #lay "orner 'chool* 3.R. >o. 16,* an. ,* 711.

III. III.

ACTI ACTION ON,, CA$S CA$SES ES OF ACTI ACTION ON AND PA PARTIE RTIES S

a$ "ause of action ;'ecs. 1-$  /istinguished from right of action.

1.

:irra all Tenants Association* Inc. v. :irra all 3reenhills Association* Inc.* 3.R. >o. 17* =ctober 5* 711.

 A.1. /ifferent /ifferent 4inds of Action  A.. "lassification "lassification of =rdinary =rdinary "ivil Actions Actions

2.

Tamano v. =rti<* 1 '"RA 5,* 5

3.

>ational 'teel "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +7 '"RA 5* 5-5+7.

4.

(mergency %oan #a&nshop* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeal* +5+ '"RA * 1

5.

#ascual v. #ascual* !+ #hil. 561* 56

 A.+. /istinction /istinction bet&een a personal personal and real action.

 A.,. 9hen cause of action is required. required.

6.

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Turner v. %orenovember ,* 717.

 A.5. (lements (lements of "ause of Action. Action.

&.

an
b$ 'plitting a cause of action ;'ecs. +-,$

'.

oseph vs. )autista* 1!7 '"RA 5,7 ;1$

.

/el Rosario vs 2ar (ast )an8 )an8 and Trust "ompany* 3.R. >o. >o. 1571+,* =ctober +1* 77!

1. #rogressive /evelopment "orp. vs. "A* +71 '"RA +6! ;1$ 11. "3R "orporation vs. Treyes* r.* 3.R. >o. 1!716* April !* 77! 12. (nrique< vs. Ramos* ! '"RA 65 ;16+$

).1. #rohibition against splitting a single cause of action.

13. ariscal v. "ourt of Appeals* +11 '"RA 51. 14. #rogressive /evelopment /evelopment "orporation Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals* Appeals* +71 '"RA 6+!* 65-65+.

).. (ffect of splitting a single cause of action.

).+. Test to ascertain &hether t&o suits relate to a single or common cause of action.

).+. Remedy against splitting a single cause of action.

c$ oinder of causes of action ;'ecs. 5-6$

15. *lores *lores vs. "ll"re-+i "ll"re-+illi llis s** 1,, '"RA !! ;16$

".1. oinder of "laims in 'mall "laim "ases.

".. Remedy in "ase of isjoinder of Actions.

e$ 9ho may be parties ;'ec. 1$

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f$

i.

>atural pe persons

ii.

uridical persons

iii. iii.

(ntiti (ntities es author authori
Real party in interest ;'ec. $

).1. %ac8 of personality to sue.

16. v"ngelist v"ngelist" " vs. S"nti"g S"nti"go o* ,!5 '"RA !,, ;775$ 1&. /o0ingo /o0ingo vs. vs. C"r"gu C"r"gue e* ,56 '"RA ,57 ;775$

B.2. Rule on B'tandingC as distinguished from concept of

real party in interest.

g$ Representative parties ;'ec. +$

1'. #os" vs. *"ctor"n *"ctor"n** , '"RA ! ;1+$ Indispensable parties ;'ec. !$ 1. /o0ingo /o0ingo vs. Sceer  Sceer * ,1 '"RA ,6 ;77,$ 2. 2.  vs. vs. C% C%* ,, '"RA 5+5 ;776$ 21. 'ustiguer v. Tamayo* 1!6 '"RA 5!* 57. 22. Dy v. "ourt of Appeals* +1, '"RA 6* !.

h$ 'pouses as parties. ;'ec. ,$

i$

 j$



 Art. 111* 2amily 2amily "ode



 Art. 17!* Art. Art. 116* "ivil "ivil "ode of the #hilippines. #hilippines.

inor or incompetent as parties ;'ec. 5$

#ermissive joinder of parties ;'ec. 6$

8$ Indispensable parties ;'ec. !$

23. 'pouses 3arcia v. 3arcia* 3.R. >o. 1615!* >ovember 1,* 711. 24. 'upulveda* 'r. v. #elae<* ,57 '"RA +7 25. 9'' v. "ourt of Appeals. ! '"RA !.

3.1./istinguished 3.1./istinguished from >ecessary parties.

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l$

>ecessary party or proper party ;'ecs. -$

26. $"er"l /evt. Cor. vs. C%* + '"RA 61

m$ Dn&illing co-plaintiff. ;'ec. 17$ n$ (ffects of misjoinder and non-joinder of parties. *;'ec. 11$ o$ "lass suits Requisites. ;'ec. 1$ 2&. "t" v. Consolid"ted B"n  rust Co., 5' SCR% 55, 5&1.

p$  Alternative defendant ;'ec. 1+$ 2'. Ri
q$ Dn8no&n defendant ;'ec. 1,$

r$

(ntity &ithout juridical personality as defendant ;'ec. 15$

s$ /eath of party duty of counsel ;'ecs. 16$ =.1. (ffect of non-substitution of a deceased pa rty. 2. Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog v. elicor * ,55 '"RA ,67 ;775$ 3. /e l" Cru v. 7o"8uin* ,6, '"RA 5!6 ;775$ 31. 2lorendo v. "oloma* 1 '"RA +7,.

t$ u$ v$ &$ ?$ y$ I'.

/eath or separation of party &ho is a public officer Incompetency or incapacity ;'ec. 1$ Transfer of interest ;'ec. 1$  Action on contractual claim ;'ec. 7.$ Indigent party ;'ec. 1$ >otice to 'olicitor 3eneral ;'ec. $

'en)e o" A*+ion# and J)!i#di*+ion I'.%. 'en)e

a$ :enue defined /istinguished from jurisdiction. b$ :enue of real actions ;'ec. 1$ c$ :enue of personal actions ;'ec. $ d$ :enue of actions against non-residents ;'ec. +$ e$ 9hen rule on venue not applicable ;'ec. ,$

1. /i" vs. %diong * 1 '"RA 6+1 ;1+$

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;'ec. 1!$

2. +il. B"ning Cor. vs. ensu"n*  '"RA +5 ;1+$

f$

9aiver of improper venue. 3. /"coco vs. !%C, 15 '"RA 6,1 ;1+$ 4. >ocum v. Tan* ,!7 '"RA 6+

g$ 'tipulations on venue. 5. Dniversal Robina "orp. v. %im* 5+5 '"RA 5* 

h$ /ismissal based on improper venue. I'.. J)!i#di*+ion a$ 3enerally i. subject matter 

ii. res or property iii. issues iv. parties b$ (stoppel to deny jurisdiction 6. Heirs of Bertuldo Hinog vs. elicor * ,55 '"RA ,67 ;775$ c$ urisdiction at time of filing of action &. +eole vs. C"9"ling * + '"RA 6! ;1$ d$ Test of urisdiction e$ /uty of "ourt to determine its urisdiction f$

(ffect of %ac8 of urisdiction

g$ Regular "ourts ;T"* RT"* "A* '"$  Art. :III* "onstitution )# 1 ;udiciary Reorganio. 7-,* in rel. to RA !61 '" "ircular >o. 1-* in rel. to RA !61 RA +6 ;2amily "ourts Act of 1!$ '" "ircular >o. 11-* in rel. to RA +6 h$ 'pecial "ourts 'andiganbayan #/ 1616* as am. by RA !!5 and RA , i$

Fuasi judicial bodies '(" ;'ec. 5.* RA !*'ecurities Regulation"ode$ "'" ;"g"le vs. CSC * 15 '"RA + ;1$$ 0%DR) ;S"ndov"l vs. C"ne:"* 17 '"RA !! ;11$

'.

PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS

'.%. PLEADINGS.

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 '.%.%. Gene!al P!in*i-le# on Pleadin#(

a$ #leadings defined. ;'ec. 1$

 A.1. >ature of #leadings.  A.. >ecessity and #urpose of #leadings  A.+. "onstruction of #leadings

b$ #leadings allo&ed by the Rules of "ourt.

'.%.. Pa!+# o" Pleadin#

a$ "aption of the #leading ;'ec. 1$

 A.1. Title of the action.

b$ )ody of the #leading ;'ec. $

).1. 0eadings designation of causes of action joined in one complaint.

).. Relief

1. #rince Transport Inc. v. 3arcia* 6+ '"RA +1* anuary 1* 711. 2. )anco 2ilipino 'avings and ortgage )an8 v. "ourt of Appeals* ++ '"RA ,1

c$ 'ignature and address. ;'ec. +$

3. 3arrucho v. "ourt of Appeals* ,, '"RA 165 4. Republic v. 4enric8 /evelopment "orporation ".1. (ffect of unsigned pleading

d$ :erification in a pleading ;'ec. ,$

/.1. 0o& a pleading is verified. ;A.. >o. 77--17* ay 1* 777$

5. :da. /e 2ormoso v. #>)* 657 '"RA +5* une 1* 711. /.. 'ignificance of :erification

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6. 'armiento v. Garatan* 51, '"RA ,6 /.+. (ffect of lac8 of verification &. "hua v. Torres* ,6 '"RA +5 '. #ampanga 'ugar /evelopment "ompany* Inc. v. >%R"* ! '"RA !+!

e$ "ertification against forum shopping ;'ec. 5$

.  Asia Dnited )an8 v. 3oodland "ompany Inc.* 6+! '"RA 61* /ec. * 717

(.1. Applicability to 'pecial "ivil Actions

(.. eaning of 2orum 'hopping

1. 0uibonhoa v. "oncepcion* ,! '"RA 56 (.+. 9ho e?ecutes the certification of against forum shopping Rule if there are several plaintiffs or petitioners e?ception. 11. /amasco v. >%R"* +,6 '"RA !1, 12. 0eirs of 2rancisco Retuya v. "ourt of Appeals* 3.R. >o. 16+7+* April 6* 711. (.,. 0o& to determine e?istence of forum shopping 13. ultinational v. "ourt of Appeals* 7+ '"RA 17, 14. Houng v. 'pouses 'y* 57+ '"RA 151* 166 (.5. (ffect of non-compliance &ith the rule on certification against forum 'hopping (?ceptions.

15. uaban v. (spina* 5, '"RA 5

'.. ALLEGATIONS

a$

anner of ma8ing allegations. ;Rule * 'ec. 1$ 1. "eroferr Realty "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +!6 '"RA 1,, 2. Tantuico* r. :. Republic* 7, '"RA ,

b$

"onditions precedent ;Rule * 'ec. +$ ).1. (ffect of failure to comply &ith condition precedent

c$

"apacity ;'ec. ,* Rule $

d$

#leading a udgments ;Rule * 'ec. 6$

e$

#leading an official document ;'ec. * Rule $

f$

2raud and mista8e* condition of mind ;Rule * 'ec.5$

g$

#leading alternative causes of actions or defenses ;'ec. * Rule $ 3. %a allorca v. "ourt of Appeals* 1! '"RA !+

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h$

 Actionable /ocument ;'ec. !* Rule $ 4.  Araneta Inc. v. %yric 2actor (?change* Inc. 5 #hil. !+6

i$

0o& to contest actionable document =ath required 9hen not required. ;'ec. * Rule $

 j$

'pecific /enial ;'ec. 17* Rule $ .1. (ffect of absence of a specific denial. ;'ec. 11* Rule $

5. Republic v. 'arabia* ,6 '"RA 1,* 157. .. #urpose of a 'pecific /enial.

6. #)"om v. 3o* 6, '"RA 6+* 2ebruary 1,* 711. .+. 4inds of 'pecific /enial.

&. "amitan v. "ourt of Appeals* 511 '"RA +6,

8$  Allegations not specifically denied deemed admitted ;'ec. 11* Rule $ 4.1. udicial Admission 4.. odes of /enial 4.+. 0o& (?press Admissions 9 ithdra&n

l$

'tri8ing out of pleading or matter contained therein. %.1. 9hen "ourt may =rder any #leading to be stric8en out %.. #leadings or atters to be 'tric8en out %.+. 2alse Allegations

'./. 0INDS OF PLEADINGS

a$ Co1-lain+ /efined and in general ;Rule 6* 'ec. +$

 A.1. 2iling of complaint  A. 'ignificance of 2iling of the "omplaint  A.+. #ayment of /oc8et 2ees and acquisition of  jurisdiction.

b$ An#2e!  ;'ec. ,* Rule 6$

).1. >ature of an Ans&er.

).. /efenses in Ans&er.

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).+. >egative #regnant

).,. Affirmative /efenses /efine. ;'ec. 5* Rule 6$

1.

#esane Animas ongao v. #ryce #roperties "orp.* ,6! '"RA 71* 1,

).5. #eriod to #lead ;'ec. 1-+* Rule 11$

c$ Co)n+e!*lai1 >ature of a "ounterclaim. ;'ec. 6-!$

".1. "ompulsory counterclaim tests

2.

3'I' v. 0eirs of "aballero* 3.R. >o. 1577* =ctober ,* 717.

".. #ermissive "ounterclaim

3.

Dniversal Robina "orp. v. %im* 5+5 '"RA 5* 

".+. /istinction bet&een a compulsory and permissive counterclaim. 4. 5. 6. &.

'anto Tomas Dniversity v. 'urla* , '"RA +* +-+ 3ojo v. 3oyola* +5 '"RA 55! ;ore" 
".,. Remedies 2or failure to raise compulsory counterclaim ;Rule * 'ec.  $ ".5. (ffect of dismissal of a complaint on the counterclaim already set-up. '.

+ing" v. Heirs of S"nti"go, 44 SCR% 33, 413.

".6. Ans&er to counterclaim period to plead ;'ec. ,* Rule 11$ ".!. =mitted counterclaim or cross-claim ;'ec. 17* Rule 11$

d$ CROSS&CLAIM ;'ec. * Rule 6$ /.1. /istinction bet&een a counterclaim and a cross-claim. /.. #eriod to ans&er a cross-claim ;'ec. ,* Rule 11$

e$ TIRD&PARTY COMPLAINT 3Se*. %%, R)le 45 (.1. /efined. (.. Remedies &hen denied

f$

 REPLY 3Se*. %6, R)le 45 2.1. /efined and in general ;Rule 6* 'ec. 17$ 2.. 9hen required ;Rule 6* 'ec.17$ 2.+. 2iling of reply* not mandatory.

g$ T7i!d8Fo)!+7 Pa!+y Co1-lain+

3.1. /efined ;Rule 6* 'ec. 11$

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3.. Remedies &hen denied

h$ An#2e! +o T7i!d8Fo)!+7 Pa!+y Co1-lain+

0.1. In general ;Rule 6* 'ec. 1+$ 0.. Time to plead ;Rule 11* 'ec. 5$

i$

 j$

E9+en#ion o" +i1e +o -lead 3R)le %%, Se*. %%5

J)di*ial A""idai+ R)le ;A.. 1---'"$

8$ E""i*ien+ $#e Pa-e! R)le ;A..11--,-'"$

'.;. FILING AND SER'ICE OF PLEADINGS, J$DGMENT AND OTER PAPERS IN CI'IL CASES.

a$ eaning of 2iling ;'ec. * Rule 1+$

 A.1. anner of filing ;'ec. +* Rule 1+$

i.

3'I' v. >%R"* 6+5 '"RA 51* 5!* >ovember 1!*  717.

 A.. 0o& to prove filing ;'ec.1* Rule 1+$

 A.+. #apers required to be filed and served. ;'ec. ,* Rule 1+$

b$ eaning of 'ervice ;'ec. * Rule 1+ $

).1. Dpon &hom service shall be made.

1.

#eople v. 3abriel* 517 '"RA 1!* 7

2.

/elos 'antos v. (li
).. 'ervice upon counsel representing several parties

).+. ode of service ;'ec. 5 to !* Rule 1+$

Page

11 of 43

3.

arinduque ining and Industrial "orporation v. "ourt of Appeals* 56! '"RA ,+* ,1-,

).,. 9hen personal service and service by mail deemed complete. ;'ec. 17* Rule 1+$

).5. 'ubstituted service 9hen is complete. ;'ec. * Rule 1+$

).6. 0o& to prove service ;'ec. 1+* Rule 1+$

c$ >otice of %is #endens /efined ;'ec. 1,* Rule 1+$

".1. #urpose of %is #endens

".. (ffect of %is #endens

".+. Actions &here notice of %is #endens Allo&ed

".,. "ancellation of %is #endens after udgment &ithout court order 

".5. #o&er of trial court to cancel notices of lis pendens

'.<. AMENDMENT OF PLEADINGS

a$ In general ;Rule 17* 'ec. 1$ b$ %iberality 1. B"rfel /evt. Cor. vs. C%* + '"RA 6 ;1+$ c$ d$ e$ f$ g$ h$

2orm ;Rule 17* 'ec. !$ (ffect ;Rule 17* 'ec. $ 4inds 2ormal amendments ;Rule 17* 'ec. ,$ 'ubstantial amendments atter of right ;Rule 17* 'ec. $ atter of discretion ;Rule 17* 'ec. +$ Amendment to conform to evidence ;Rule 17* 'ec. 5$ 2. S9"g0"n Hotels  r"vel, !nc. vs. C%, 3.R. >o. 1611+5* April * 775

i$ 'upplemental pleadings ;Rule 17* 'ec. 6$  j$ 2iling of Amended pleadings ;'ec. !* Rule 17$ 8$ (ffect of Amended pleadings 3. Soe0"rt, !nc. vs. C%* 17 '"RA 1 ;17$

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'.4. MOTIONS

a$ /efine otion ;'ec.1* Rule 15$ b$ "ontents of otions ;'ec. +* Rule 15$ c$ 0earing of the motion litigated and e< "rte 0otions (Sec. 4, Rule 15)

1.

'armiento v. Garatan* 51, '"RA ,6

d$ >otice of the motion ;'ec.,* Rule 15$ e$ #roof of service ;'ec. 6* Rule 15$ f$

otion day ;'ec. !* Rule 15$

g$ (ffect of failure to set the motion for hearing

2.

:ette Industrial 'ales "o. Inc. v. "heng* 57 '"RA 5+* 5,5

a$ otion for leave to file a motion ;'ec. * Rule 15$ b$ =mnibus otion ;'ec. * Rule 15$ c$

'I.

#rohibited motions ;'ummary #rocedure 9rit of Amparo 'mall "laim "ases (nvironmental "ases$

S$MMONS

a$ >ature of 'ummons ;Rule 1,$

1.

Republic of the #hilippines v. /omingo* 3.R. >o. 1!5* 'ept. 1,* 711

b$ Issuance of summons not discretionary c$ (ffect of 8no&ledge of the filing of action d$ #urpose of summons

2.

3ome< v. "ourt of Appeals* ,5 '"RA 

3.

:elayo-2ong v. :elayo* 517 '"RA +7* ++1

4.  Alba v. "ourt of Appeals* ,65 '"RA ,5 5.  Asiavest %imited v. "ourt of Appeals* 6 '"RA 5+ 6.

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13 of 43

#"I )an8 v. Alejandro* 5++ '"RA !+

e$ :oluntary appearance by defendant

&.

f$

anotoc v. "ourt of Appeals* , '"RA 1

9ho issues the summons 9hen summons is issued ;'ec. 1* Rule 1,$

g$ To &hom summons is directed "ontents of summons ;'ec. * Rule 1,$

h$ 9ho serves the summons ;'ec. +* Rule 1,$

i$

Return and proof of service ;'ec. ,* Rule 1,$

 j$

Issuance of alias summons ;'ec. 5* Rule 1,$

8$ Dniformity of the Rules on 'ummons

l$

'ervice upon entity &ithout a judicial personality ;'ec. * Rule 1,$

m$ 'ervice upon prisoner ;'ec. * Rule 1,$

n$ 'ervice upon a minor and an incompetent ;'ec. 17* Rule 1,$

o$ 'ervice upon a private domestic juridical entity ;'ec. 11* Rule 1,$

'.

3 E 3 Trading "orporation v. "ourt of Appeals* 15 '"RA ,66

.  Aboiti< International 2or&arders* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals , '"RA , 1. #aramount Insurance "orp. v. A.". =rdo@e< "orp.* 561 '"RA +!

p$ 'ervice upon a foreign private juridical entity ;'ec. 1* Rule 1, amended by A.. >o. 11-+-6 >e& Rule on 'ervice of 'ummons$

q$ 'ervice upon public corporation ;'ec. 1+* Rule 1,$

r$

'ervice upon unincorporated government agency

11. Republic of the #hilippines v. /omingo* 3.R. >o. 1!5* 'ept. 1,* 711

Page

14 of 43

s$

'ervice in person on defendant ;'ec. 6* Rule 1,$

'.1. Tender of summons. 12. iranda v. "ourt of Appeals* +6 '"RA ! 13. 0amilton v. %evy* +,, '"RA 1

t$

'ubstituted service of summons ;'ec. !* Rule 1,$

14.  Afdal v. "arlos* 6+6 '"RA + 15. ose v. )oyon* ,1, '"RA 16

T.1. 0o& substituted service is made

16. 3uan
T.. (ffect if defendant does not actually receive the summons

1&. ontalban v. a?imo.  '"RA 17!7

T.+. 9hen defendant prevents service of summons

1'. Robinson v. iralles* 517 '"RA 6!

T.,. Requisite of valid substituted service

u$ 'ummons by publication ;'ec. 15* Rule 1,$

1. )anco do )rasil v. "ourt of Appeals* +++ '"RA 5,5 2. "ynthia Alaban v. "ourt of Appeals* ,!7 '"RA 6!

v$

'ervice upon defendants &hose identity or &hereabouts are un8no&n ;'ec. 1,* Rule 1,$

21. 'antos v. #>=" (?ploration "orp.* 566 '"RA !

&$ 'ervice upon a resident temporarily out of the #hilippines ;'ec. 16* Rule 1,$

Page

15 of 43

9.1. (?traterritorial 'ervice Requisites.

9.. Actions involved in e?traterritorial service of summons.

9.+. ode of e?traterritorial service.

22.  Asiavest %imited v. "ourt of Appeals* 6 '"RA 5+ 23. :almonte v. "ourt of Appeals* 5 '"RA 

?$ 'ummons &hen complaint is amended

24. :lason (nterprises v. "ourt of Appeals* +17 '"RA 6* 5!-5

'II.

PROCED$RE AFTER SER'ICE OF S$MMONS AND DISMISSAL OF ACTIONS

'II.%.De"a)l+ ;Rule * 'ec. +$ a$ >ature of /efault 1. >l"son nterrises Cor. vs. C%* +17 '"RA 6 ;1$ 2. on
4. Souses delos S"ntos v. C"rio, 51 SCR% 3  c$ (lements of valid declaration of default 5. S":l"s v. S":l"s, 526 SCR% 22  d$ (ffect of declaration of default ;'ec. + ;a$ Rule $ 6.

on"rc !nsur"nce v. Court of %e"ls, 333 SCR% &1

e$ (ffect of partial default ;'ec. + ;c$ Rule $ f$

Action of the court after the declarationorder of default ;'ec.+* Rule $

g$ Remedies of a defending party declared in default i. After notice and before judgment ;'ec. +* par. b.* Rule $ &. >ill"re"l v. Court of %e"ls, 25 SCR% 511 ii. After judgment and before such judgment becomes final and e?ecutory '. $in" v. Court of %e"ls, 135 SCR% 63&  iii. After judgment becomes final and e?ecutory

Page

16 of 43

.

$"us v. Court of %e"ls, =.R. ?o. 11256, "rc ', 13

h$ Implied lifting of the order of default 1. Reu:lic v. S"ndig"n:""n, 54 SCR% 431 i$  j$

(?tent of relief to be a&arded ;'ec. +* par. d* Rule $ "ases &hen a declarationorder of default cannot be made ;'ec. + par. e* Rule $

'II.. BILL OF PARTIC$LARS a$ )ill of particulars ;Rule 1$ b$ 9hen to file motion for bill of particulars ;'ec. 1* Rule 1$ c$

#urpose of the motion in civil cases in criminal cases 1. >ir"t" vs. S"ndig"n:""n* 1 '"RA 5 ;1+$

d$ Requirements for the motion. e$ Action of the court ;'ec. * Rule 1$ f$

Instances &hen )ill of #articulars Allo&ed 9hen it is improper.

g$ "ompliance &ith the =rder of the court granting motion for bill of particulars ;'ec. +* Rule 1$ (ffect of non-compliance ;'ec. ,* Rule 1$. h$ 'tay of period to file responsive pleadings ;'ec. 5* Rule 1$

'II./. MOTION TO DISMISS

a$ 3rounds ;'ec. 1* Rule 16$

b$ #eriod to file otion to /ismiss ;'ec. 1* Rule 16$

c$

9hen a motion to dismiss may be filed even after the ans&er has been served and filed

1.

Heirs of >"lientes v. R"0"s, 63' SCR% 444, /ece0:er 15, 21 

d$ %aches as a ground for motion to dismiss.

2.

+ined" v. Heirs of liseo =uev"rr", 515 SCR% 62&, 636 

e$ Res judicata as a ground for motion to dismiss

3.

*$S nerg !nc. v. +rovince of B"t"ng"s, 516 SCR% 1'6, 21

(.1. "oncepts of res judicata 4.

Page

17 of 43

o"cio v. B"nco *iliino S"vings "nd ortg"ge B"n, 635 SCR% 5 

(.. (lements of Res judicata (.+. Application of Res udicata to quasi judicial p roceedings 5.

Heirs of @encesl"o ":i" v. Court of %e"ls, 516 SCR% 431

(.,. >o res judicata in criminal proceedings

6. f$

rinid"d v. #ffice of te #0:uds0"n, 53 SCR% 415 

Remedy of the defendant if the motion is denied ;'ec. ,* Rule 16$

&.

/ouglas %u Hm v. 3ertrudes >abua* ,5 '"RA 

g$ Remedy of the plaintiff if the motion to dismiss is granted.

h$ 9hen complaint cannot be refiled ;'ec. 5* Rule 16$

i$

 j$

8$

(ffect of dismissal of complaint on counterclaim ;'ec. 6* nd par. Rule 16$

(ffect of 3ranting of motion to dismiss

0earing on the motion to dismiss ;'ec. * Rule 16$

'.

C"ir"l v. Ro:les, =.R. ?o. 1&362', ?ov. 16, 211

'II.. DISMISSAL BY TE PLAINTIFF

a$ /ismissal by mere notice of dismissal by plaintiff ;'ec.1* Rule 1!$

 A.1.T&o dismissal rule - /efined.

b$ /ismissal upon motion of plaintiff ;'ec.* Rule 1!$

).1. (ffect of dismissal upon a counterclaim already pleaded. ).. /ismissal &ithout prejudice

c$

/ismissal due to the fault of the plaintiff ;'ec. +* Rule 1!$

".1. 3rounds for /ismissal

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18 of 43

".1.1.2ailure to appear Test of 2ailure to #rosecute Dnreasonable length of time

1.

'mith )ell and "o. v. American #resident %ines %td.* , #hil. !

".1.. 2ailure to "omply &ith =rder of the "ourt

".1.+. /ismissal for failure to comply &ith discover procedure

".1.,. 2ailure to appear at #re-Trial

".+. (ffect of dismissal on the counterclaim

2.

#inga v. 0eirs of 'antiago* 3.R. >o. 1!7+5,* une +7* 776

d$ /ismissal of a class suit e$ /ismissal of counterclaim* cross-claim or third-party complaint ;'ec.,* Rule 1!$

'III. PRE&TRIAL AND MODES OF DISCO'ERY

'III.%. PRE&TRIAL

a$ "oncept* >ature and purpose of #re-Trial ;Rule 1$

1.

Interlining "orporation v. #hilippine Trust "ompany* +! '"RA 51

b$ (ffect of 2ailure to conduct pre-trial

2.

c$

>ational #o&er "orp. v. Adiong* A.. >o. RT-7!-767* uly !* 711

Referral to the #hilippine ediation "enter ;Adm. "ircular >o. 7-77* arch ,* 77  A.. >o. 7+-1-7-'"* uly 1+* 77,

d$ 0o& pre-trial is called filing of motion by plaintiff ;'ec.1* Rule 1$

e$ 9hen motion is filed by plaintiff ;Adm. "ircular >o. +-* an. 15* 1 A.. 7+-71-7-'"$

Page

19 of 43

f$

%ast pleading file - meaning

3.

'armiento v. uan* 17 '"RA ,7+* ,7

g$ >otice of pre-trial ;'ec. +* Rule 1$

4.  Agulto v. Tecson* ,!6 '"RA +5

h$ Appearance of parties and counsel in pre-trial ;'ec. ,* Rule 1$

5.

'enarlo v. udge #aderanga* 61! '"RA ,!

6.

Real )an8 Inc.* v. 'amsung abuhay "orp. 6++ '"RA 1,

0.1. 0o& non-appearance is e?cused

&.

i$

/urban Apartments "orp. v. #ioneer Insurance and 'urety "orp. 6+ '"RA ,,1

(ffect of failure to appear ;'ec. 5* Rule 1$

I.1 )y the plaintiff 

'.

ondonedo v. "ourt of Appeals* 5 '"RA 

I. )y the defendant

.

angelen v. "ourt of Appeals 15 '"RA +7

1. #aredes v. :erano* 3.R. >o. 16,+!5* =ct. 1* 776

 j$

#re-Trial )rief 2iling and "ontents ;'ec. 6* Rule 1$

.1. Identification and mar8ings of evidence ;A.. >o. 7+-1-7-'"* uly 1+* 77,$

.. %egal effects of representations and statements in pre-trial brief

.+. (ffect of failure to file a pre-trial brief

11. Ramos v. 'pouses %avendia* 56 '"RA +

Page

20 of 43

.,. >o termination of pre-trial for failure to settle

.5. =ne day e?amination of &itnesses rule ost imporatnat &itness rule Fuestions are to be as8ed by the judge ;A.. >o. 7+-1-7 '"$

8$ Records of #re-Trial ;'ec. !* Rule 1$

4.1. #re-trial =rder "ontents ;Adm. "ircular >o. 1-$  9hen issued ;A.. >o. 7+-1- 7-'"$

1.

0eirs of "onahap v. Rega@a* , 5 '"RA !,1

4.. Implied issues are deemed included in the pre-trial order 

2.

l$

#hilippine (?port And 2oreign %oan 3uarantee "orp. v. Amalgamated anagement and /evelopment "orp.* 3.R. >o. 1!!!* 'eptember * 711

/istinction bet&een pre-trial in civil case and in criminal case

m$ #reliminary conference under the Revised Rules on 'ummary #rocedure n$ #reliminary conference in the "ourt of Appeals

'III.. MODES OF DISCO'ERY

a$ eaning of discovery b$ #urpose of discovery

3.

c$

ercader v. /)#* ++ '"RA 

 D)+y o" +7e *o)!+ in !ela+ion +o 1ode o" di#*oe!y

d$ odes of discovery under the Rules of "ourt

/.1. De-o#i+ion 3R)le# /&;5

 /.1.1. /eposition. /efined

/.1.+. /epositions pending action leave of court &hen required ;'ec.1* Rule +$

Page

21 of 43

/.1.,. /eposition of a prisoner ;'ec.1* Rule +$

/.1.5 )efore &hom ta8en ;'ec. 17* 11* 1+* 1,* Rule +$

/.1.6. (?amination of the deponent ;'ec. 15* Rule +$

/.1.!. Dse of depositions pending action ;'ec.,* Rule +$

/.1.. (ffect of substitution of parties ;'ec. 5* Rule +$

/.1.. (ffect of the ta8ing of deposition of a person ;'ec. !* Rule +$

/.1.17. (ffect of using the deposition of a person ;'ec. * Rule +$

/.1.11. =ral deposition ;'ec. 1!* 1* 7* 1* Rule +$

/.1.1. /eposition upon &ritten interrogatories ;'ec. 5* 6 Rule +$

/.1.1+. /eposition before action ;'ec. 1* Rule ,$

/.1.1,. #erpetuation of testimony before action ;'ec. +* ,* Rule ,$

/.1.15. /eposition pending appeal ;'ec. !* Rule ,$

/.. In+e!!oa+o!ie# +o Pa!+ie# 3R)le <5

/..1. #urposes of Interrogatories to parties ;'ec.1* Rule 5$

/... /istinguished interrogatories from a bill of particular from deposition

/..+. 0o& to avail #rocedure ;'ec..* +* ,* Rule 5$

/..,. (ffect of failure to serve &ritten interrogatories ;'ec. 6* Rule 5$

Page

22 of 43

/.+. Ad1i##ion =y Ade!#e Pa!+y 3R)le 45

/.+.1. #urpose of Admission by adverse party

/.+.. 9hen request is made

/.+.+. (ffect of not filing a &ritten request for admission ;'ec.5* Rule 6$

/.+.,. (ffect of failure to file and serve a s&orn statement of denial ;'ec. * Rule 6$

/.+.5. (ffect of admission ;'ec. +* Rule 6$

/.+.6. /eferment of compliance ;'ec. * par. * Rule 6$

/.+.!. 9ithdra&al of admission ;'ec.,* Rule 6$

/.,. P!od)*+ion o! In#-e*+ion o" Do*)1en+# o! T7in# 3R)le >5

/.,.1. #urpose ;'ec.1$

/.,.. 2iling of a motion order of the court

/.,.+. #rivileged /ocuments

1.  Air #hilippines "orp. v. #enns&ell* Inc.* 5,7 '"RA 15

/.5. P7y#i*al and Men+al E9a1ina+ion o" Pe!#on# 3R)le ?5

/.5.1. Applicability ;'ec.1* Rule $

/.5.. #rocedure ;'ec. * +* Rule $

/.5.+. 9aiver of #rivilege

/.6. Re")#al +o Co1-ly 2i+7 +7e Mode# o" Di#*oe!y 3R)le @5

Page

23 of 43

/.6.1. Refusal to ans&er any question upon oral e?amination ;'ec.1* Rule $

/.6.. Refusal to ans&er designated or particular questions or refusal to produce documents or things to submit to physical or mental e?amination ;'ec.+* Rule $

/.6.+. Refusal to be s&orn ;'ec. * Rule $

/.6.,. Refusal to Admit ;'ec. ,* Rule $

/.6.5. 2ailure to attend depositions or to serve ans&ers to &ritten interrogatories ;'ec.5* Rule $

2.

Gepeda v. "hina )an8ing "orp.* 3.R. >o. 1!1!5* =ct. * 776

e$ A%T(R>ATI:( /I'#DT( R('=%DTI=> ;Rep. Act. 5$

I.

INTER'ENTION 3R)le %@5

a$ 9ho may intervene ;'ec.1* Rule 1$

b$ "oncept* >ature and #urposes

c$ Requisites of Intervention 1.

%abrador v. "ourt of Appeals* 17 '"RA 66

d$ 9hen intervention disallo&ed

2.

3ibson v. Revilla*  '"RA 1 ;1!$

3.

%a
e$ (ffect of /enial of the otion to intervene Remedy from /enial

4.

Page

24 of 43

'a& v. "ourt of Appeals. 15 '"RA 1!7

f$

Time to Intervene ;'ec. * Rule 1$

g$ Intervention even after judgment

5.

/irector of %ands v. "ourt of Appeals* + '"RA +

h$ 0o& a person may intervene ;'ec.* Rule 1$

.

S$BPOENA

a$ 4inds of 'ubpoena ;'ec.1* Rule 1$

i.

'ubpoena ad testificandum

ii.

'ubpoena duces tecum

b$ )y &hom issued ;'ec. * Rule 1$

c$ 2orms and contents ;'ec. +* Rule 1$

1. 2.

Dniversal Rubber #roducts* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals*et.al.* 15 '"RA 5* 1 Roco v. "ontreras* 3.R. >o. 15!5* une * 775

d$ Fuashing a subpoena 3rounds ;'ec. ,* Rule 1$

e$ 'ubpoena for deposition ;'ec. 5* Rule 1$

f$

'ervice of a subpoena manner ;'ec. 6* Rule 1$

g$ "ompelling attendance ;'ec. * Rule 1$

h$ 2ailure to obey subpoena - contempt ;'ec. * Rule 1$

i$

I.

(?ceptions to 'ection  and  of Rule 1 ;'ec. 17* Rule 1$

TRIAL, DEM$RRER TO E'IDENCE AND J$DGMENT

.%. TRIAL

Page

25 of 43

a$ >ature of Trial 1.  Acosta v. #eople* 5 '"RA !!,

b$ Trial and hearing* distinguished.

2.

Trocio v. %abayo* 5+ '"RA !* 177

c$ 9hen case ready for trial

3.

#rincipe v. (ria* 7 #hil. 6,

d$ 9hen trial is unnecessary.

e$ >otice of Trial ;'ec. 1* Rule +7$

f$

"alendaring of "ases ;Rule 7$

(.1. #references ;'ec.1$ (.. Assignment of "ases ;'ec. $

g$ 'ession 0ours ;Adm. "ircular >o. +-+* anuary 15* 1$

h$ Adjournments and postponements ;'ec. * Rule +7$

3.1. %imitation on the authority to adjourn

4.

Republic v. 'andiganbayan* +71 '"RA +!* ,5

i$

#ostponement on the grounds of illness of party or counsel Requisites ;'ec. ,* Rule +7$

 j$

#ostponement on the grounds of absences of evidence Requisites ;'ec. +* Rule +7$

5.

il&au8ee Industries v. "ourt of Ta? Appeals* 6+6 '"RA !7* >ov. ,* 717.

8$ =rder of Trial* ;'ec. 5* Rule +7$

4.1. =rders in "hambers

4.. =rder of Trials maybe "hanged

Page

26 of 43

6.

Hu v. apayo* ,, '"RA 16+

4.+. #resentation of Additional (vidence

l$

Agreed statement of facts >o proof required ;'ec. 6* Rule +7$

m$ 'tatement of judgment ;'ec. !* Rule +7$

n$ 'uspension of Actions ;'ec. * Rule +7$

o$ udge to receive evidence delegation to cler8 of court - Requisites ;'ec. * Rule +7$

J.1.1. Con#olida+ion o! See!an*e

a$ /efine ;'ec. 1* Rule +1$

b$ Three &ays of "onsolidation

&. '.

'ala
12. Republic v. "ourt of Appeals* 116 '"RA 575

d$ 9hen consolidation mandatory

13. #hilippine 'avings )an8 v. a@alac* 3.R. >o. 1,5,,1* April 6* 775 e$ 'eparate trials ;'ec.* Rule +1$

J.1.. TRIAL BY COMMISSIONER

a$ "ommissioner /efined.

b$ "onsent of all parties necessary. Reference &ithout consent void. ;'ec. 1* Rule +$

Page

27 of 43

14. #hilippine 'avings )an8 v. a@alac* 3.R. >o. 1,5,,1* April 6* 775 c$ Reference ordered on motion ;'ec. * Rule +$

".1. 'ituation &hen reference may be made. ".. #ractice of /elegation to "ler8 of "ourt

15.  Apurillo v. 3arciano*  '"RA 175, d$ =rder of reference po&er of commissioners ;'ec. +* Rule +$

e$ =ath of "ommissioner. ;'ec. ,* Rule +$

16. #erlas v. (hrman* 5+ #hil. 67!

f$

Refusal of &itness ;'ec. !* Rule +$

g$ "ommissioner shall avoid delay ;'ec. * Rule +$ h$ >otice to parties of the filing of report &hen to file objections (ffect of failure to object ;'ec. 17* Rule +$ i$

0earing upon request 2ailure to set the commissionerBs report for hearing. ;'ec. 11* Rule +$

 j$

'tipulations as to findings. ;'ec. 1* Rule +$

8$ "ompensation of commissioners ;'ec. 1+* Rule +$

.. DEM$RRER TO E'IDENCE 3R)le //5

a$ "oncept and Rationale of Rule.

1&. "elino v. 0eirs of Alejo and Teresita 'antiago* ,+5 'cra 67 1'. 'iyangco v. "ostibolo* ! '"RA !* b$ /emurrer to (vidence distinguished from otion to /ismiss in Rule 16.

1.

c$

Page

e "nil" B"ning Cor. vs. niversit of B"guio, !nc.* 3.R.>o. 151* 2ebruary 1* 77!

'tage of the proceedings &hen demurrer to evidence is availed of ;'ec.1* Rule ++$

28 of 43

d$ 3rounds for /emurrer to (vidence 2. Republic v. Tuvera* 516 '"RA 11+ e$ (ffect of /enial of /emurrer to evidence

21. >orth&est Airlines* Inc. v. "ourt of Appeals* , '"RA ,16 22. 4atigba8 v. 'andiganbayan* ,75 '"RA 55 23. 3ementi
(ffect of 3ranting of the /emurrer to (vidence

24. Radio&ealth 2inance "orp. v. /el Rosario* ++5 '"RA  25. "onsolidated )an8 and Trust "orporation v. /el onte otor 9or8s* Inc.* ,65 '"RA 11! g$ /emurrer in a civil case as distinguished from demurrer in criminal case

./. J$DGMENT

a$ eaning of udgment

26. acahilig v. 0eirs of agalit* +,, '"RA +* , 2&. 'ocial ustice 'ociety v. Atien
1.  Acosta v. "=(%("* + '"RA 5! 2. #ablo-3ualberto v. 3ualberto :* ,61 '"RA ,57 3. >aguiat v. >%R"* 6 '"RA 56, 4. iguel v. "T 3roup* Inc. ,5+ '"RA 5 5. 3uevarra v. 'andiganbayan* ,5, '"RA +! c$

"onflict bet&een the dispositive portion and body of the decision

6.

orales v. "ourt of Appeals* ,61 '"RA +,

&.

'o v. 2ood 2est %and Inc.* 6, '"RA 5* 2ebruary * 711

d$ Ambiguity in the judgment clarificatory judgment

e$ Interlocutory =rders. /efine.

'.

Rudecon angament "orp. v. 'ingson* ,5, '"RA 61

(.1. Fuestioning Interlocutory =rders

Page

29 of 43

.

f$

'ilverio v. 2ilipino )usiness "onsultants* ,66 '"RA 5,

emorandum /ecisions /efine.

1. =ng "hia 4&an v. "ourt of Appeals* +,5 '"RA 56

g$ Rendition of udgment. eaning. ;Rule +6$

11. "astro v. ala
h$ #eriod to render decision. ;Art. :III* 'ec. 15* "onstitution of the #hilippines

12. #lata v. Torres* 5!7 '"RA 1

0.1. (?tension of period to render judgment

13.  Arap v. ustafa* +! '"RA 1

i$

Rule on 'tare /ecisis

14. 0ortencia v. "uenca* ,56 '"RA +77

 j$

=biter /ictum

15.  Ayala "orp. v. Rosa-/iana Realty* +,6 '"RA 66+

8$ 9hen judgment becomes final ;'ec. 1* Rule +$

4.1. 2inal judgment versus interlocutory order ;'ec.* Rule +6$

16. #hilippine )usiness )an8 v. "hua* 6+, '"RA 6+5

l$

"onclusiveness of udgment ;Immutability of udgment$

1&.  Arra Realty "orp. v. #aces International "orp.* 6+6 '"RA ++

%.1. Reasons for the rule on conclusiveness of judgment

Page

30 of 43

%.. T&o-fold purposes of immutability of judgment

%.+. (?ceptions to the rule on immutability of judgments

m$ Rules on Amendment of udgment

i.

)efore finality

ii.

After finality

.1. /ifference bet&een an Amended udgment and a 'upplemental udgment

1'.  A
n$ Res judicata effect of final judgment or final order

>.1. T&o aspects of Res udicata

o$ (ffect of :oid udgments ;the doctrine of total nullity$

1. 9'' v. 'ison* 1, '"RA +,

p$ 'everal udgment ;'ec. ,* Rule +6$

2. 2ernando v. 'antamaria* ,,6 '"RA 1+6

q$ 'eparate udgment ;'ec. 5* Rule +6$

r$

"onditional udgment* meaning.

21. "u-Dnjieng v. abalacat 'ugar "o.* !7 #hil. +,

s$ udgment 'in #erjuicio* meaning.

22. /irector of %ands v. 'an<* ,5 #hil. 11!

t$

Page

udgment nunc pro tunc ;literally Cno& for thenC$* define.

31 of 43

23. )riones-:asque< v. "ourt of Apeals* ,57 '"RA ,

u$ udgment upon compromise* define.

24. /iamond )uilders "onglomeration v. "ountry )an8ers "orp.* 5,7 '"RA 1, 25. #hilippine ournalist* Inc. v. >%R"* 571 '"RA !5

v$

udgment upon a confession ;"ognovit Actionem$

&$ udgment against entity &ithout juridical personality ;'ec. 6* Rule +6$

?$

(ntry of udgment date thereof ;'ec. * Rule +6$

J.1. Relevance of 8no&ing the date of (ntry of udgment.

y$

J)d1en+ on +7e -leadin#

H.1. >ature otion Required ;'ec.1* Rule +,$

H.. 3rounds for judgment on the pleadings

H.+. "ases &here judgment on the pleadings &ill not apply

<$

S)11a!y J)d1en+ G.1. >ature of summary judgment ;'ec. 1* Rule +5$ G.. 'ummary judgment* &hen rendered. G.+. /istinctionsK i.

2rom judgment on the pleadings

26. >arra Intergrated "orp. v. "ourt of Appeals* +,, '"RA !1

ii.

2rom a motion to dismiss

G.,. :alidity of 'ummary udgment ;'ec. +* Rule +,$

G.5. 'ummary udgment 9hen not granted.

Page

32 of 43

2&. Roque v. (ncarnacion* 5 #hil. 6,+ 2'. 3atchalian v. #avilin* et.al. 6 '"RA 57

II.

POST J$DGMENT REMEDIES

II.%. BEFORE J$DGMENT BECOMES FINAL

A. MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION 3R$LE />5

a$ =bject of the motion. b$ 9hen to file ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$ >o e?tension ;'ec. * Rule ,7* 'ec. +* Rule ,1$

c$

1.

/elos 'antos v. (li
2.

0eirs of endo
(ffect of filing of the motion on the period to appeal ;'ec. * Rule ,7 'ec. +* Rule ,1$

d$ 3rounds for otion for Reconsideration ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$

e$ (ffect &hen motion is denied =rder of /enial not appealable. ;'ec. * Rule +!$

f$

(ffect of granting a motion for reconsideration ;'ec. +* Rule +!$

3.

(squivel v. Alegre* 1! '"RA +15

g$ #artial Reconsideration ;'ec. !* Rule +!$

h$ 'ingle motion rule ;'ec. 5* Rule +!$

i$

otion for reconsideration in summary procedure ;'ec. 1 LcM* I:* 11 Revised Rules on 'ummary #rocedure and 'mall "laims ;'ec. 1, LcM$

B. MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL 3R$LE />5

a$ >ature of ne& trial.

Page

33 of 43

b$ 9hen to file ;'ec.1* Rule +!$

c$

(ffect of filing of the motion on the period to appeal ;'ec. * Rule ,7 'ec. +* Rule ,1$

d$ 2orm of a motion for ne& trial. ;'ec. * Rule +!$

e$ 3rounds for a motion for ne& trial. ;'ec. 1* Rule +!$

i.

2RAD/* A""I/(>T* I'TA4(* (J"D'A)%( >(3%I3(>"( ;2A($

ii.

>e&ly discover evidence

ii.1. RequisitesK

4.

f$

Hbiernas v. Tanco-3abaldon* 3.R. >o. 1!5* une 1* 711

Affidavit of erit 3ross >egligence of counsel not a ground.

5.

Dy v. 2irst etro Integrated 'teel "orp.*57+ '"RA !1

g$ Resolution of the motion ;'ec. ,* Rule +!$

h$ /enial of the motion fresh period rule =rder of denial not appealable ;'ec. * Rule +!$

6.

i$

 j$

>eypes v. "ourt of Appeals* ,6 '"RA 6++

Remedy &hen motion is denied

(ffect of granting the motion for ne& trial ;'ec. 6* Rule +!$

8$

#artial >e& Trial ;'ec. !* Rule +! 'ec. * Rule +!$

l$

'econd motion for ne& trial ;'ec. 5* Rule +!$

m$ otion for ne& trial in summary procedure ;'ec. 1 NcO I:* 11 Revised Rules on 'ummary #rocedures and 'mall "laims ;'ec. 1, NcO$

Page

34 of 43

C. APPEALS

a$ 3eneral principles on appeal

&.

'tolt >ielsen v. >%R"* ,!! '"RA 516

'.

"anton v. "ity of "ebu* 515 '"RA ,,1

.  Association of Integrated 'ecurity 2orce of )islig-A%D v. "ourt of Appeals* ,6! '"RA ,+

b$ udgments or orders not appealable ;'ec. 1* Rule ,1$

).1. Remedy in case the judgment or final order is not appealable ;'ec. * Rule +!$

c$ Issues that may be raised on appeal

1. "ommissioner of Internal Revenue v. igrant #agbilao "orp.* 57, '"RA ,,

d$ 9hen errors not raised on appeal may be considered

11. /y vs. >%R"* 1,5 '"RA 11 12. "omilang v. )urcena* , '"RA +,

e$ #ayment of doc8et fee

13. Regalado v. 3o* 51, '"RA 616 14. )uenaflor v. "ourt of Appeals* +,6 '"RA 56+

f$

Record on appeal >otice of Appeal ;'ec. NaO* Rule ,1$

15. Roman "atholic Archbishop of anila v. "ourt of Appeals* 5 '"RA 16

g$ /ismissal of Appeal "ourt of Appeals ;'ec.1* Rule 57$ 'upreme "ourt ;'ec.5* Rule 56$

16. The 3overnment of the 4ingdom of )elgium v. "ourt of Appeals* 551 '"RA + 1&. )eatingo v. 3asis* 6, '"RA 5+

A--eal "!o1 M)ni*i-al T!ial Co)!+ +o +7e Reional T!ial Co)!+ 3R)le ;65

Page

35 of 43

a$ b$ c$ d$ e$ f$ g$

9here to appeal ;'ec. 1$ 9hen to appeal ;'ec. $ 0o& to appeal ;'ec. +$ #erfection of appeal ;'ec. ,$ 'ee Rule ,1* 'ec.  Appellate court and other la&ful fees ;'ec. 5$ 'ame as Rule ,1* 'ec. , #rocedure in RT" ;'ec. !$ Appeal from T" order dismissing case i. &ithout trial on the merits ;'ec. * par. 1$ ii. &ith trial on the merits ;'ec. . par. $ 1'. +rovost vs. C%, 3.R. >o. 167,76* une 6* 776 1. nc"rn"cion vs. %0igo, 3.R. >o. 16!+* 'eptember 15* 776

A--eal "!o1 Reional T!ial Co)!+ +o +7e Co)!+ o" A--eal# 3R)le ;%5 a$ 'ubject of appeal ;'ec. 1$ b$ >on-appealable ordersA.. >o. 7!-!-1-'" ;dated /ecember ,* 77! P too8 effect on /ecember !* 77!$ P Amendments to Rules ,1* ,5* 5 and 65 c$ odes of appeal ;'ec. $ d$ #eriod of ordinary appeal ;'ec. +$ e$ Interrupted by timely >T or R f$

>o motion for e?tension of time to file >T or R

g$ R filed on last day of 15-day period 2. "nil" e0ori"l +"r vs. C%* +,, '"RA !6 ;771$

h$ >e& rule on appeal after denial of R or >T 21. ?ees vs. C%* ,6 '"RA 6++ ;775$ i$

9hen appeal allo&ed even if period to appealhas e?pired 22. r"ns !ntern"tion"l vs. C%* 5 '"RA , ;1$

 j$

RT" cannot dismiss appeal on ground that only questions of la& involved 23. ;o vs. C"0"co* 7, '"RA 157 ;11$

8$ Appellee &ho has not appealed may not obtain affirmative relief from appellate court 24. Custodio vs. C%* 5+ '"RA ,+ ;16$ l$

(?ception P &hen there is solidarity in obligations 25. Cittrust B"ning Cor. vs. C%* 16 '"RA 55+ ;11$

m$ #erfection of appeal ;'ec. * 1st and nd pars.$

n$ %oss of jurisdiction ;'ec. * +rd and ,th pars.$ o$ Residual po&ers ;'ec. * 5th par.$ p$ /ismissal of appeal ;'ec. 1+$ a. late fiiing

Page

36 of 43

b. non-payment of doc8et and other la&ful fees

ORDINARY APPEALED CASES 3R$LE ;;5 a$ 'cope and title of cases "ases appealed to the "ourt of Appeals under Rule ,1. b$ AppellantBs brief ;'ec. !* Rule ,1$ ).1. 9hen to file c$ AppelleeBs brief ;'ec. * Rule ,1$ ".1. 9hen to file d$ "ontents of AppellantBs )rief;'ec. 1+* Rule ,1$ AppelleeBs )rief ;'ec. 1,* Rule ,1$ e$ Fuestions that may be raised on appeal (?ceptions ;'ec. 15* Rule ,1$

Pe+i+ion "o! Reie2 "!o1 Reional T!ial Co)!+ +o +7e Co)!+ o" A--eal# 3R)le ;5 . a$ Appeal from RT" decision rendered in the e?ercise of its appellate jurisdiction 26. Ross Ric" S"les Center, !nc. vs. #ng, =.R. ?o. 1321&, %ugust 16, 25  b$ #ure questions of la& may be raised ;'ec. $ 2&. "c"9i9ili =old ining "nd /evt. Co, !nc .vs. C%* ! '"RA 67 ;1$ c$

(ffect of failure to comply &ith requirements ;'ec. +$

d$ Action by court ;'ec. ,$ a. Require filing of comment or  b. /ismiss petition outright e$ 9hen petition given due course ;'ec. 6$ 2'. /itcing vs. C%* 6+ '"RA +,+ ;16$ f$ #erfection of appeal ;'ec. * 1st par.$ g$ %oss of jurisdiction ;'ec. * nd par.$ h$ Residual po&ers ;'ec. * +rd par.$ i$

(ffect of appeal ;'ec. * ,th par.$ 3eneral ruleK shall 'TAH judgment or final order  (?ceptionsK a. civil cases decided under the Rule on 'ummary #rocedure b. &hen "A* la& or Rules of "ourt provide other&ise

APPEALS FROM TE CO$RT OF TA APPEALS AND $ASI&J$DICIAL AGENCIES TO TE CO$RT OF APPEALS 3R$LE ;/5 a$ 'cope ;'ec.1$ 2. *":i"n vs. /esierto* 5 '"RA ,,7 ;1$ b$ =mbudsman criminal cases P 'upreme "ourt via Rule 65 3. ="rci"-Rued" vs. +"sc"sio* ! '"RA 6 ;1!$ c$ "ases not covered ;'ec. $ 31. St. "rtin *uner"l Ho0e vs. ?$RC, 5 '"RA ,, ;1$ d$ /ecisions of 'ecretary of %abor and /irector of )ureau of %abor Relations P petition for certiorari to "A under Rule 65

Page

37 of 43

e$ /ecisions of /= 'ecretary in petitions for revie& prosecutorsQ resolutions P petition for certiorari to "A under Rule 65

f$

32. S"ntos vs. =o* ,!+ '"RA +57 ;775$ >ot applicable &here there is error of jurisdiction 33. *ortic vs. Coron"*  '"RA 6, ;1$

g$ 9here to appeal ;'ec. +$ h$ #ure questions of la& may be raised i$

#eriod of appeal ;'ec. ,$

 j$

0o& appeal ta8en ;'ec. 5$

8$ 2orm and contents ;'ec. 6$ l$

(ffect of failure to comply &ith requirements ;'ec. !$ - sufficient ground for dismissal

m$ Action by court ;'ec. $ a. Require fiing of comment or  b. /ismiss petition outright n$ 9hen petition given due course ;'ec. 17$ o$ (ffect of appeal ;'ec.1$ 3eneral ruleK shall >=T 'TAH a&ard* judgment* final order or resolution (?ceptionsK a. &hen "A directs other&ise b. &hen the la& directs other&ise ;additional e?ception$ 34. $"id vs. C%* ++, '"RA !+ ;777 APPEAL BY CERTIORARI TO TE S$PREME CO$RT 3R)le ;<5 a$ Application of Rule ,5

35. 2ive 'tar ar8eting "o.*Inc. v. )ooc* 5+5 '"RA 

b$ >ot a matter of right ;'ec. 6* Rule ,5$

36. #eople v. 2lores* ,1 '"RA ,51

c$ Fuestions of la& Fuestions of fact

3&. "o v. :argas* 3.R. >o. 1516!* >ov. 16* 711 3'. 0eirs of 2eraren v. "ourt of Appeals* 3.R. >o. 15+* =ct. 5* 711 3. Republic v. alabanan* 3.R. >o. 1676!* =ct. 6* 717

d$ 2indings of facts not ordinarily revie&ed

4. Tayco v. 0eirs of Tayco-2lores* 6+! '"RA !, 41. eneses v. :enturoo. 1!16* =ct. 1* 711

Page

38 of 43

e$ 9hen questions of facts may be passed upon in a Rule ,5 petition

42. >atividad v. TR")* 5,7 '"RA 1,* 1+5

f$

9hen to appeal ;'ec. * Rule ,5$

g$ 0o& to Appeal ;'ec. 1* Rule ,5$

II.%. BEFORE J$DGMENT BECOMES FINAL

A.

Pe+i+ion "o! Relie" "!o1 J)d1en+#, O!de!# o! O+7e! P!o*eedin# 3R$LE /?5 a$ b$ c$ d$ e$ f$ g$ h$ i$  j$ 8$ l$ m$ n$ o$ p$ q$ r$ s$ t$ u$

3rounds and nature ;'ecs. 1* $ Requires final judgment or loss of appeal "an this remedy be availed of in the "ourt of Appeals Time for filing ;'ec. +$ 'trictly follo&ed 1. scuet" vs. $i0* 3.R. >o. 1+!16* anuary ,* 77! "ontents Affidavit of merit ;'ec. +$ 9hen motion for reconsideration considered as petitionfor relief  Action of court before ans&er  #o&er to deny ;'ec. ,$ #reliminary injunction pending proceedinsg ;'ec. 5$ =rder to file ans&er ;'ec. ,$ #rocedure Availability of preliminary injunction ;'ec. 5$ #roceedings after ans&er is filed ;'ec. 6$ 9here denial of appeal is set aside ;'ec. !$ Action of court after giving due course 3rant of petition for relief ;'ec. !$ /enial of petition for relief ;Rule ,1* 'ec. 1 ;b$$ Remedies after petition for relief e?pires Reopening not allo&ed 2. %lvendi" vs. !%C * 11 '"RA 

B. Ann)l1en+ o" J)d1en+ 3R$LE ;>5 a$ 9hen remedy available b$ 9here applicable 3. +eole vs. Bit"ng"* 3.R. >o. 15* une 6* 77! 4. *r"gin"l vs. +"r"n"l * 3.R. >o. 1577!* 2ebruary * 77! 5. =r"nde vs. niversit of te +iliines* 3.R. >=. 1,,56* 'eptember 15* 776 c$ 3rounds ;'ec. $ 6. Cos0ic $u0:er Cor. vs. C%* 65 '"RA 166 ;16$ d$ 9here petition filed ;'ecs. 1* 17$ e$ #eriod for filing ;'ec. +$ f$

%aches &. "rcelino vs. C%* 17 '"RA ,,, ;1$

g$ #arties and contents ;'ec. ,$

Page

39 of 43

h$ ay be filed by a non-party to the judgment i$

Available even if judgment has been e?ecuted ;'ec. $ '. !sl"0ic /"A@" Council of te +ils. vs. C%* 1! '"RA 1!;1$

 j$

Action by the court ;'ec. 5$

8$ #rocedure ;'ec. 6$ l$

(ffect of judgment ;'ec. !$ m$ 'uspension of prescriptive period ;'ec. $

III.

EEC$TION AND SATISFACTION OF J$DGMEN+ a$ udgment or final order ;'ec. 1$ b$ %osing party must first receive notice of the judgment before the court or its personnel can e?ecute the udgment 1. #ffice of te Court %d0inistr"tor vs. Coru * ,1 '"RA 1

;77+$

c$ 4inds of e?ecution i. According to nature a. atter of right ;'ec. 1$ - enforceable by mandamus b. /iscretionary ;'ec. $ ii.

According to mode of enforcement a. )y motion ;'ec. 6* first sentence$ b. )y independent action ;'ec. 6* nd sentence$

d$ udgments &hich are immediately e?ecutor 

e$ /iscretionary e?ecution ;e?ecution pending appeal$ ;'ecs.* +* 5$

i.

9hen and &here to file motion

a. )efore appeal perfected P &ith trial court b.

ii.

f$

After appeal perfected P &ith appellate court

Trial court can grant motion for e?ecution pendingappeal even after perfection of appeal ;'ec. * last par.$

3rounds of motion for e?ecution pending appeal ;'ec. ;a$*last par.$

g$ (?ecution pending appeal applies to election cases. 2. B"l"ond" vs. C#$C * 3.R. >o. 1667+* 2ebruary * 775 h$ 'tay of e?ecution pending appeal ;'ec. +$

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40 of 43

)onds in e?ecution a.

)ond filed by judgment debtor to stay e?ecution pending appeal P supersedeas bond ;'ec. +$

b.

)ond of judgment obligor to enable sheriff to continueholding levied property after affidavit of third party claimfiled &ith him ;'ec. 16$

i$

(ffect of reversal of e?ecuted judgment on appeal ;'ec. 5$

 j$

odes of e?ecution ;'ec. 6$ i. ii.

)y motion &ithin 5 years from date of entry of judgment )y independent action called Srevival of judgment after 5 years and before it is barred by statute of limitations

8$ (?ecution in case of death of party

l$

%ifetime of &rit of e?ecution ;'ec. 1,$ 3. 7"l"ndoni vs. +?B* 17 '"RA 17 ;11$

m$ (?ecution of judgments for money* ho& enforced ;'ec. $ i. ii.

Immediate payment on demand 'atisfaction by levy

n$ eaning of levy

4. *iest"n vs. C%* 15 '"RA !51 ;17$

o$ (?ecution of money judgments under Rule +* 'ec.  P promissory note not allo&ed.

5. /"gooc vs. rlin", %.. ?o. +-4-1'5& (for0erl #C% !.+.!. "rc 16, 25  p$ (ffect of levy on e?ecution as to third persons ;'ec. 1$

6. C"0illo vs. C%* 1 '"RA 51+ ;1,$

n$ 3arnishment of debts and credits >.1. eaning of garnishment &. "nil" Re0n"nt Co., !nc. vs. C%* +1 '"RA 1 ;1,$ >.. 3arnishment of ban8 deposits - does not violate ban8 secrecy la& ;RA 1,75$ >.+. 3arnishment of public funds o$ Third party claim ;'ec. 16$ i.

Page

0o& made

41 of 43

?o. 2-142-+),

ii.

9ho acts on the claim

p$ If disapproved* remedies of third party claimant - file separate action to determine title or right of possession - file complaint for damages against bond filed by judgment creditor  q$ 'ale on e?ecution ;'ec. 15$

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

r$

Real property #ersonal property In all cases "onveyance of property sold to highest bidder* ho& made ;'ecs. +* ,* 5* 6$

Redemption ;'ecs. !* $

i.

Right of redemption a. #ersonal property b. Real property

ii.

9ho may redeem ;'ec. !$

iii.

udgment obligor or his successor in interest

iv.

"reditor &ho is a redemptioner 

v.

Page

vi.

Time and manner of* and amounts payable on* successive redemption* etc. ;'ec. $

vii.

udgment debtor ;or his successor in interest$* if e?ercising redemption ahead of mere redemptioner P &ithin 1 year from date of registration of sheriffQs certificate of sale ;&ith Register of /eeds$

viii.

Redemptioner e?ercising redemption ahead ofjudgment debtor ;or his successor in interest$ P &ithin 1 year from date of registration of certificate of sale

i?.

Redemptioner redeeming from another redemptioner P &ithin 67 days after the last redemption

?.

/eed and possession after e?piration of redemption period

?i.

;'ec. ++$ #urchaser or last redemptioner entitled toK

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