PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Plaintiff-Appellee Plaintiff-Appellee,, v. PHILIPPINE LEATHER CO. INC., ET AL.,Defendants-Appellants AL., Defendants-Appellants.. [G.R. No. L-10884. March 31, 1!."
#OCTRINE$ 1. PLEADING AND PRACTICE; SUMMARY JUDGMENT; WHEN MOVING PARTY ENTERED TO JUDGMENT; CASE AT BAR. — In thei !n"#e$ the %e&en%!nt" !%'it the ()!inti&&*" !+e'ent" e,-e(t" !" t the -e-tne"" & the !'/nt" %/e$ the -e-tne"" & #hi-h the0 #ee "ti)) -he-in2$ !n% & th!t e!"n )!-in2 "/&&i-ient n#)e%2e in&'!tin t &' ! 3e)ie& !" t the t/th !n% +e!-it0 & the !'/nt" %/e$ the0 %en0 the !'/nt" -)!i'e% 30 the ()!inti&& t 3e %/e the'. Hen-e$ ()!inti&& i" entit)e% t "/''!0 4/%2'ent.
%ACT& O% THE CA&E$ PNB !))e2e" th!t Phi)i((ine Le!the C.$ In-. !(()ie% !n% #!" !((+e% -''e-i!) )ette & -e%it" in the "/' & 516$716.78 in &!+ & the T/ne T!nnin2 M!-hine0 C. !n% 59$:7.:8 in &!+ & B!0 St!te Che'i-!) C. Bth %!&t" #ee %!#n !n% (e"ente% t the %e&en%!nt" #heein the0 &!i)e% !n% e&/"e% t (!0 the !'/nt & the %!&t" !n% the -h!2e" %/e theen.
In thei !n"#e$ %e&en%!nt" !%'it the ()!inti&&*" !+e'ent" e,-e(t !" t the -e-tne"" & the !'/nt" %/e n the t# %!&t"$ the -e-tne"" & #hi-h the0 #ee "ti)) -he-in2$ !n% & th!t e!"n )!-in2 "/&&i-ient n#)e%2e in&'!tin t &' ! 3e)ie& !" t the t/th !n% +e!-it0 & the !'/nt" %/e n the t# %!&t"$ the0 %en0 the !'/nt" -)!i'e% 30 the ()!inti&& t 3e %/e &' the'. P)!inti&& &i)e% ! 'tin & "/''!0 4/%2'ent 4/%2'ent n the 2/n% th!t "in-e the %e&en%!nt" h!" !%'itte% the '!tei!) !+e'ent" & it" -'()!int e,-e(t !" t the -e-tne"" & the !'/nt" %/e$ the %e&en%!nt"* !n"#e %i% nt ten%e ! 2en/ine i""/e. I&&'E$ I" PNB entit)e% t ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent< HEL# AN# RATIO$ (E&.
R/)e => (+i%e"? Se-tin 1. S/''!0 4/%2'ent & -)!i'!nt. — A (!t0 "eein2 t e-+e /(n ! -)!i'$ -/nte-)!i'$ -""-)!i' t 3t!in ! %e-)!!t0 e)ie& '!0$ !t !n0 ti'e !&te the ()e!%in2 in !n"#e theet h!" 3een "e+e%$ '+e #ith !&&i%!+it" & ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent in hi" &!+ /(n !)) !n0 (!t thee&.
SEC. =. Mtin !n% (-ee%in2" theen. @@The 'tin "h!)) 3e "e+e% !t )e!"t ten %!0" 3e&e the ti'e "(e-i&ie% & the he!in2. The !%+e"e (!t0 (i t the %!0 & he!in2 '!0 "e+e (("in2 !&&i%!+it". The 4/%2'ent "/2ht "/2ht "h!)) 3e en%ee% &th#ith &th#ith i& the ()e!%in2"$ ()e!%in2"$ %e("itin"$ %e("itin"$ !n% !%'i""in" &i)e$ t2ethe #ith the !&&i%!+it"$ "h# th!t$ e,-e(t !" t the !'/nt & %!'!2e"$ thee i" n 2en/ine i""/e !" t !n0 & the '!tei!) &!-t !n% th!t the '+in2 (!t0 i" entit)e% t ! 4/%2'ent !" ! '!tte '!tt e & )!#. SEC. :. ' & !&&i%!+it". — S/((tin2 !n% (("in2 !&&i%!+it" "h!)) 3e '!%e n (e"n!) n#)e%2e$ "h!)) "et &th "/-h &!-t" !" #/)% 3e !%'i""i3)e in e+i%en-e$ !n% "h!)) "h# !&&i'!ti+e)0 th!t the !&&i!nt i" -'(etent -'(ete nt t te"ti&0 t the '!tte" "t!te% theein. S#n -eti&ie% -(ie" & !)) (!(e" & (!t" thee& e&ee% t in !n !&&i%!+it "h!)) 3e !tt!-he% theet "e+e% thee#ith. The %e&en%!nt"* !n"#e th!t !" t the &i"t -!/"e !n% "e-n% -!/"e & !-tin -he-in2 n the +e!-it0 !n% -e-tne"" & the 3!)!n-e %e" nt ten%e ! 2en/ine i""/e. In &!-t the0 !%'it th!t the0 !e in%e3te% t the ()!inti&&. A" the !&&i%!+it "/3"-i3e% !n% "#n t 30 the M!n!2e & the S(e-i!) A""et" De(!t'ent & the ()!inti&&$ in -h!2e & !)) /t"t!n%in2 !--/nt" & it" %e3t"$ !tt!-he% t the 'tin & "/''!0 4/%2'ent$ &/ni"he" the C/t C/t #ith the (!0'ent" (!0'ent" '!%e 30 the %e&en%!nt" %e&en%!nt" n thei thei !--/nt !n% the the !'/nt %/e &' the'$ #hi-h the0 &!i)e% t (("e 30 -/nte !&&i%!+it"$ the ()!inti&& i" entit)e% t "/''!0 4/%2'ent. The 4/%2'ent 4/%2'ent !((e!)e% &' i" !&&i'e%$ !&&i'e%$ #ith -"t" !2!in"t !2!in"t the !((e))!nt". !((e))!nt".
#OMINGO )ERGARA, &R., Petitioner , v. HON. *O&E T. &'ELTO, Pr+/ *+ o2 h+ M/ca5 Tra5 Cor / #avao C6, Bra/ch I), MANOLITO G'INOO, ROMEO MONTEBON a/ POR%ERIO CABA&E, Respondents. [G.R. No. L-747. #+c+9:+r ;1, 187."
Fac t s :Ver gar aal l egest hathei st heownerofac ommer c i al bui l di ngandt hatt hel es seest her eof def aul t edi nt hepay mentofr ent al s .Thushei ns t i t ut edanac t i onf orunl awf ul det ai ner .Def endant l e s se esan s we r e dd en y i n gh av i n gp ai dr e nt st oVe r g ar a .Th eya l s ose ta na ffir ma t i v ede f e ns eby c l ai mi ngt i t l eo vert hel and.Subs equent l y , Ver gar afi l edamo t i onf ors ummar yj udgment .Thet r i al c ou r t d en i edt hi smo t i ono nt hegr oundt h att heans wero fdef endant ssp ec i fi c al l yde ni edt hemat er i a l al l eg at i on si nt hecompl ai ntan dt h att he yev ense tupanaffir mat i v edef e ns e.Thus ,s uc han swe rdi d no tme r e l yco ns i s tofagene r al deni al bu tde fini t el yt ender e dage nu i nei s s uewhi c hc anno tbe r e s ol v e db yr e s or tt oas u mma r yj u dg me nt . I s s u e :WONt h es umma r yj u d gme nti sp r o pe r . Hel d:YES. Thedef endant s ’ ans werappear soni t sf ac et ot enderi s s ues .I tpur por t st odeal wi t heac hoft he mat er i al al l egat i onsoft hec ompl ai nt ,andei t hers pec i fi cal l ydeni es ,orpr of es sesl ac kofk nowl edge ori nf or mat i ont of or m abel i efast ot hem.I tal s os et supaffir mat i v edef ens es .Butt hei s s uest hus t e nd er e da r es h am,n otg en ui n e.
Summa r yj u dg me ntmu s tn otb ec on f u se dwi t hj u dg me nto nt h epl e ad i n gs .Th ee s se nt i a lq ue s t i o ni n d et er mi n i n gwh et he rasu mma r yj u dg me nti spr o pe ri sno twh et he rt h ea ns we rd oe sc on t r o v er tt h e mat er i al al l egat i onsoft hec ompl ai ntbutwhet hert hatcontroversion i sbona fdesand n otwh et h er t hea ns werdo est enderv al i di s s uesasbyse t t i ngf or t hs pec i fi cdeni al sand/ oraffir ma t i v edef e ns es b utwh et h erthe issues thus tendered are genuine, or fctitious, sham, characterized by bad aith.
Wher eanans wer“ f ai l st ot enderani s sue,orot her wi s eadmi t st hemat er i al al l egat i onoft headv er s e judgment on such pleading. par t y ’ spl eadi ng,t hec our tma y ,onmot i onoft hatpar t y ,di r ec t ”The ans werwoul df ai l t ot enderani s s ue,ofc our s e,i fi tdoesnotc ompl ywi t ht her equi r ement sf ora s pec i fi cdeni al andi twoul dadmi tt hemat er i al al l egat i onsoft headv er s epar t y ’ spl eadi ngsnotonl y wher ei tex pr es sl yc onf es sest het r ut hf ul nes st her eofbutal s oi fi tomi t st odeal wi t ht hem atal l . Thus ,i fana ns werdo esi nf a cts pe ci fi c al l yden yt hemat er i al a v er me nt so ft hec ompl a i ntand / o r as s er t saffir mat i v edef e ns es ,aj ud gmentont hepl eadi ng swou l dnat ur al l yno tbepr oper .
Bute v eni ft hean swerd oe st enderi s s ue sandt he r ef or eaj udgme ntont hepl eadi ngsi sno tpr oper asummary judgment ma ys t i l l ber ender edont hepl ai nt i ff’ smot i oni fhec ans ho wt ot heCour t ’ s s at i s f ac t i ont ha t“ e x c ep tast ot heamou ntofd amages ,t h er ei snog enui nei s s ueast oan yma t er i al f ac t , ”t hati st os ay ,t hei s suest hust ender edar enotgenui ne,ar ei not herwor dssham,fi ct i t i ous , c ont r i v ed,s etupi nbadf ai t h,pat ent l yuns ubs t ant i al . Th ed et e r mi n at i onma ybema deb yt h eCo ur to nt h eb as i soft h ep l ea di n gs ,a ndt h ed epo s i t i o ns , a dmi s s i o nsan da ffid av i t st h att h emo v a ntma ys ub mi t ,a swe l l a st h os ewh i c ht h ed ef e nd an tma y pr es enti nhi st ur n. PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner , v. NOAH<& ARK &'GAR RE%INER(, ALBERTO T. LOO('KO, *IMM( T. =IL&ON T. GO, Respondents. [G.R. No. 107;43. &++9:+r 1, 13."
Fa ct soft heCas e:N!h*" A S/2! Re&ine0 i""/e% n "e+e!) %!te" #!eh/"e e-ei(t" /e%!n". S'e & the /e%!n" /"e% 30 F)et! !n% R!'" #ee /"e% !" "e-/it0 & )!n" 3t!ine% &' PNB in the !'/nt" & P9=.: 'i))in !n% P1:.> 'i))in$ e"(e-ti+e)0. The"e /e%!n" #ee in%"e% t the 3!n. Bth F)et! !n% R!'" &!i)e% t (!0 thei )!n" /(n '!t/it0 PNB #te t N!h*" A %e'!n%in2 %e)i+e0 & the "/2! -+ee% 30 the /e%!n" in%"e% t it 30 F)et! !n% R!'". N!h*" A e&/"e% t -'()0. The !n"#e & R"! N2 S0 !n% Tee"it! N2 #!" e""enti!))0 t the e&&e-t th!t the t!n"!-tin 3et#een the' !n% Ji''0 T. G -n-enin2 the /e%!n" !n% the "/2! thee30 -+ee% #!" 32/" !n% "i'/)!te% 3ein2 (!t & the )!tte*" -'()e, 3!nin2 "-he'e" !n% &in!n-i!) '!ne/+e"; th!t "i'/)!te% t!n"!-tin #!" 4/"t ! t))in2 "-he'e t !+i% VAT (!0'ent !n% the BIR !""e""'ent" -n"i%ein2 th!t !" . . . -n&i%enti!))0 inti'!te% 30 "!i% Ji''0 G . . . N!h*" A i" /n%e "e/e"t!tin 30 the PCGG$ !n% th!t the /e%!n" #ee in &!-t /"e% 30 N!h*" A E,e-/ti+e Die-t$ L/i" T. R!'"$ !n% ne Ce"en-i!n! . F)et! !" "e-/it0 & thei )!n" &' the 3!n . . . in the !22e2!te !'/nt & P=.1 'i))in (e"".
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
On J!n/!0 =1$ 11$ PNB &i)e% ! Mtin & S/''!0 J/%2'ent. It !""ete% th!t &' the ()e!%in2"$ %-/'ent"$ !n% !%'i""in" n &i)e$ thee i" n 2en/ine i""/e !" t ! '!tei!) &!-t ((e & ti!) !n% th!t ()!inti&& i" entit)e% !" ! '!tte & )!#$ . . . t ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent. It -nten%e% th!t the %e&en"e" "et /( 30 N!h*" A$ Et. A). in thei e"(n"i+e ()e!%in2 in+)+e (/e)0 /e"tin" & )!# — i.e.$ ! th!t the +en%ee" & the "/2! -+ee% 30 the /e%!n" in %i"(/te ne+e !-/ie% tit)e t the 2%" 3e-!/"e & thei &!i)/e t (!0 the "ti(/)!te% (/-h!"e (i-e !n% hen-e$ #ne"hi( +e the "/2! #!" et!ine% 30 N!h*" A$ Et. A).; !n% 3 PNB*" !-tin i" (e'!t/e "in-e !" ()e%2ee it &!i)e% t e,e-i"e the e'e%ie" (+i%e% in the -nt!-t & ()e%2e !n% the Ci+i) C%e. An% it "(e-i&ie% in n )itt)e %et!i) the !%'i""in" !n% %-/'ent" n e-% %e'n"t!tin2 the !3"en-e & !n0 2en/ine &!-t/!) i""/e. On the"e (e'i"e"$ it (!0e% th!t ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent 3e en%ee% & ()!inti&& !2!in"t the %e&en%!nt" & the e)ie&" (!0e% & in the -'()!int$ the"e e)ie&" 3ein2? ! t %e)i+e t PNB the "/2! "t-" -+ee% 30 the W!eh/"e Re-ei(t"K/e%!n" #hi-h !e n# in the )!tte*" (""e""in !" h)%e & +!)/e !n% in %/e -/"e; !)ten!ti+e)0$ t (!0 ()!inti&& !-t/!) %!'!2e" in the !'/nt & P=.1 Mi))in e,-)/"i+e & intee"t$ (en!)tie" !n% -h!2e"; !n%
3 t (!0 ()!inti&& !ttne0*" &ee"$ )iti2!tin e,(en"e" !n% 4/%i-i!) -"t" e"ti'!te% !t n )e"" th!n P1 Mi))in; !n% "/-h the e)ie&" 4/"t !n% e/it!3)e /n%e the (e'i"e" An (("itin t the 'tin #!" (e"ente% 30 %e&en%!nt N!h*" A$ Et A).$ %!te% M!-h 6$ 11$ !""etin2 the e,i"ten-e & 2en/ine i""/e"$ t #it? #hethe nt the "!)e #!" e+e -n"/''!te% -n"i%ein2 th!t the -he-" i""/e% 30 the &i"t in%"ee" in (!0'ent & "!i% /e%!n" 3/n-e%$ !n% #hethe nt PNB !-/ie% #ne"hi( +e the /e%!n" -n"i%ein2 th!t it %i% nt %i"("e & "!i% /e%!n" /n%e At. 9119 & the Ci+i) C%e$ !" "(e-i&i-!))0 e&)e-te% in the -nt!-t & ()e%2e$ 3th -ntentin" !))e2e%)0 3ein2 '!tei!) &!-t" #hi-h h!" "i- t 3e "/((te% 30 e+i%en-e.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
The thi%@(!t0 %e&en%!nt" R"! N2 S0 !n% Tee"it! N2 !)" (("e% the 'tin & "/''!0 4/%2'ent in"&! !" -n-ene% thei -/nte-)!i' in e)!tin t the thi%@(!t0 -'()!int !""ete% !2!in"t the'. On M!0 9$ 11$ the Ti!) C/t i""/e% !n O%e %en0in2 the 'tin & "/''!0 4/%2'ent n the 2/n% th!t !n e,!'in!tin & the ()e!%in2" !n% the e-% e!%i)0 "h#" th!t thee e,i"t" "h!()0 -n&)i-tin2 -)!i'" !'n2 the (!tie" e)!ti+e t the #ne"hi( & the "/2! /e%!n" !" t #hethe nt the "/34e-t /e%!n" &!))" "i- "/!e)0 #ithin the -+e!2e & the W!eh/"e Re-ei(t" L!# !n% #hethe nt the t!n"!-tin 3et#een ()!inti&& !n% thi% (!t0 %e&en%!nt" i" 2+ene% 30 -nt!-t & ()e%2e th!t #/)% e/ie ()!inti&&*" -'()i!n-e #ith At. 9119$ Ci+i) C%e n ()e%2e !" e2!%" the %i"("itin & the "/34e-t /e%!n". PNB*" 'tin & e-n"i%e!tin #!" %enie% 30 O%e %!te% J/)0 6$ 11. PNB thee/(n &i)e% ! (etitin &
certiorari #ith
the C/t & A((e!)"$ #hi-h #!" %-ete% !"
[email protected]. SP
N. 9:=7. Thi" "(e-i!) -i+i) !-tin e+ent/!te% in ! De-i"in ('/)2!te% n De-e'3e 1=$ 11 30 the Si,th Di+i"in & th!t C/t$ 1 n/))i&0in2 !n% "ettin2 !"i%e the -h!))en2e% O%e" & M!0 9$ 11 !n% J/)0 6$ 11$ !n% -''!n%in2 th!t "/''!0 4/%2'ent 3e en%ee% &th#ith in &!+ & the PNB !2!in"t N!h*" A S/2! Re&ine0$ Et A).$ !" (!0e% & in (etitine*" Mtin & S/''!0 J/%2'ent. S!i% the A((e))!te C/t? 9 In i""/in2 the /e"tine% O%e"$ the e"(n%ent C/t /)e% th!t */e"tin" & )!# "h/)% 3e e")+e% !&te !n% nt 3e&e$ the /e"tin" & &!-t !e ((e)0 )iti2!te%.* A "-/tin0 & %e&en%!nt"* !&&i'!ti+e %e&en"e" %e" nt "h# '!tei!) /e"tin" & &!-t !" t the !))e2e% nn@(!0'ent & (/-h!"e (i-e 30 the +en%ee"&i"t in%"e"$ !n% #hi-h nn@(!0'ent i" nt %i"(/te% 30 PNB !" it %e" nt '!tei!))0 !&&e-t PNB*" tit)e t the "/2! "t- !" h)%e & the ne2ti!3)e /e%!n". Wh!t i" %ete'in!ti+e & the ((iet0 & "/''!0 4/%2'ent i" nt the e,i"ten-e & -n&)i-tin2 -)!i'" &' (i (!tie" 3/t #hethe &' !n e,!'in!tin & the ()e!%in2"$ %e("itin"$ !%'i""in" !n% %-/'ent" n &i)e$ the %e&en"e" !" t the '!in i""/e % nt ten%e '!tei!) /e"tin" & &!-t "ee G!-i! +. C/t & A((e!)"$ 1> SCRA 71: the i""/e" th/" ten%ee% !e in &!-t "h!'$ &i-titi/"$ -nti+e%$ "et /( in 3!% &!ith " /n"/3"t!nti!) !" nt t -n"tit/te 2en/ine i""/e" & ti!). See Ve2!! +. S/e)t$ Et A).$ 1:> SCRA :=; Me-!%$ Et. A). +. C/t & A((e!)"$ 1>9 SCRA :. The /e"tine% O%e" the'"e)+e" % nt "(e-i&0 #h!t '!tei!) &!-t" !e in i""/e. See Se-. 6$ R/)e =6$ R/)e" & C/t. T e/ie ! ti!) nt#ith"t!n%in2 (etinent !))e2!tin" & the ()e!%in2" !n% the &!-t" !((e!in2 n e-%$
#/)% -n"tit/te ! #!"te & ti'e !n% !n in4/"ti-e t the PNB #h"e i2ht" t e)ie& t #hi-h it i" ()!in)0 entit)e% #/)% 3e &/the %e)!0e% t it" (e4/%i-e. In i""/in2 the /e"tine% O%e"$ We &in% the e"(n%ent C/t t h!+e !-te% in 2!+e !3/"e & %i"-etin #hi-h 4/"ti&0 h)%in2 n/)) !n% +i% !n% "ettin2 !"i%e the O%e" %!te% M!0 9 !n% J/)0 6$ 18 & e"(n%ent C/t$ !n% th!t ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent 3e en%ee% &th#ith in &!+ & the PNB$ !2!in"t N!h*" A S/2! Re&ine0$ Et A).$ !" (!0e% & in (etitine*" Mtin & S/''!0 J/%2'ent. SO ORDERED.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
N!h*" A$ Et. A). '+e% & e-n"i%e!tin$ 3/t thei 'tin #!" %enie% 30 the A((e))!te Ti3/n!)*" Re")/tin %!te% M!-h >$ 11. The 4/%2'ent 3e-!'e &in!). Ent0 & J/%2'ent #!" '!%e n M!0 9>$ 19. Thee!&te the -!"e #!" e'!n%e% t the C/t & i2in. On J/ne 17$ 19$ the Re2in!) Ti!) C/t en%ee% 4/%2'ent$ 3/t nt in !--%!n-e #ith the !&e"!i% %e-i"in & the C/t & A((e!)". A" "t!te% in the (enin2 (!!2!(h & thi" (inin$ in"te!% & ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent in &!+ & the PNB !2!in"t N!h*" A S/2! Re&ine0$ Et A).$ !" (!0e% & in . . . PNB*" Mtin & S/''!0 J/%2'ent$ the Ti!) C/t*" +e%i-t %e-ee% the %i"'i""!) & ()!inti&&*" -'()!int !2!in"t %e&en%!nt" N!h*" A S/2! Re&ine0$ A)3et T. L0/$ Ji''0 G !n% Wi)"n T. G . . . & )!- & -!/"e & !-tin; !n% %i"'i""!) !" #e)) & the -/nte-)!i' ()e!%e% 30 the )!tte !2!in"t PNB$ !n% & the thi%@ (!t0 -'()!int$ !n% the thi%@(!t0 %e&en%!nt"* -/nte-)!i'. The Ti!) C/t %e-)!e% th!t i& the n)0 '!tei!) &!-t" e"t!3)i"he% n the 3!"i" & the ()e!%in2"$ %-/'ent!0 e+i%en-e n e-%$ !%'i""in" !n% "ti(/)!tin" %/in2 the he!in2 n PNB*" !(()i-!tin & ! #it & (e)i'in!0 !tt!-h'ent$ !e the &!-t" !" !))e2e% 30 ()!inti&& !n% !--e(te% !" e"t!3)i"he% 30 the C/t & A((e!)"$ thi" C/t #i)) h!+e n %i&&i-/)t0 in &in%in2 & ()!inti&& !" (!0e% & in it" 'tin & "/''!0 4/%2'ent. B/t !e the &!-t" !))e2e% 30 ()!inti&& the n)0 '!tei!) &!-t" e"t!3)i"he% n the 3!"i" & the ()e!%in2"$ %-/'ent!0 e+i%en-e n e-%$ "ti(/)!tin" !n% !%'i""in" %/in2 the (-ee%in2" n the !(()i-!tin & ! #it & (e)i'in!0 !tt!-h'ent< T thi" /e"tin the Ti!) C/t 2!+e ! ne2!ti+e !n"#e$ it 3ein2 it" +ie# th!t the &!-t"$ !" !))e2e% 30 %e&en%!nt" . . . !n% nt %i"(/te% 30 PNB$ h!+e 3een )ie#i"e e"t!3)i"he%.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
The Ti!) C/t )!te %enie% PNB*" 'tin & e-n"i%e!tin 30 O%e %!te% Se(te'3e 6$ 19$ e+i%ent)0 &in%in2 'eit in the !2/'ent & N!h*" A$ Et A).$ theein /te%$ th!t Certiorari !" ! '%e & !((e!) in+)+e" the e+ie# & 4/%2'ent$ !#!% & ! &in!) %e n the 'eit"$ #hi)e the i2in!) !-tin &
certiorari !n%
!" ! "(e-i!) -i+i) !-tin i" 2ene!))0 %ie-te% !2!in"t !n inte)-/t0 %e & the C/t$
(i t !n !((e!) &' the 4/%2'ent & the '!in -!"e #hi-h in the -!"e !t 3! i" "(e-i&i- (e&'!n-e . . .
-!)!#
+it/!1!#)i3!0
Hen-e$ thi" !((e!). In
[email protected]. SP N. 9:=7 !3+e 'entine%$ !&te !n e,ten"i+e e+ie# & the entie e-% & the -!"e 3e&e
the Re2in!) Ti!) C/t in-)/%in2 the !%'i""in" & N!h*" A$ Et. A). !n% the (!tie"* "ti(/)!tin" & &!-t$ !" #e)) !" the ()e!%in2" &i)e% 30 the (!tie" 3e&e it$ the C/t & A((e!)" !i+e% !t the -n-)/"in th!t ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent #!" ((e "in-e thee #!" n "/3"t!nti!) -nt+e"0 n !n0 '!tei!) &!-t$ the n)0 i""/e" & the C/t*" %ete'in!tin . . . 3ein2 (/e)0 . . . /e"tin" & )!#$ !" &))#"?
-h!n31e"+it/!)1!#)i3!0
1 Whethe nt the nn@(!0'ent & the (/-h!"e (i-e & the "/2! "t- e+i%en-e% 30 the /e%!n"$ 30 the i2in!) %e("it"+en%ee" RNS Me-h!n%i"in2 !n% St. Thee"e Me-h!n%i"in2 en%ee% in+!)i% the ne2ti!tin & "!i% /e%!n" 30 +en%ee"&i"t in%"e" t in%"e" R!'" !n% F)et! !n% the "/3"e/ent ne2ti!tin & R!'" !n% F)et! t PNB. 9 Whethe nt PNB !" in%"ee()e%2ee & /e%!n" #!" entit)e% t %e)i+e0 & "/2! "t-" &' the #!eh/"e'!n$ N!h*" A.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
The"e )e2!) /e"tin" #ee %i"("e% & 30 the A((e))!te C/t !" &))#"?
42-?-h!n3)e".'.(h
The +!)i%it0 & the ne2ti!tin 30 RNS Me-h!n%i"in2 !n% St. Thee"e Me-h!n%i"in2 t R!'" !n% F)et!$ !n% 30 the )!tte t PNB t "e-/e ! )!n -!nnt 3e i'(!ie% 30 the &!-t th!t the ne2ti!tin 3et#een N!h*" A !n% RNS Me-h!n%i"in2 !n% St. Thee"e Me-h!n%i"in2 #!" '!%e in 3e!-h & &!ith n the (!t & the 'e-h!n%i"in2 &i'" 30 the &!-t th!t the #ne N!h*" A #!" %e(i+e% & the (""e""in & the "!'e 30 &!/%$ 'i"t!e -n+e"in & the (e"n t #h' the #!eh/"e e-ei(t/e%!n #!" "/3"e/ent)0 ne2ti!te% i& PNB (!i% +!)/e thee& in 2% &!ith #ith/t nti-e & "/-h 3e!-h & %/t0$ &!/%$ 'i"t!e -n+e"in. See Ati-)e 1:17$ Ne# Ci+i) C%e. An% the -e%it PNB #h"e %e3t #!" the #ne & the ne2ti!3)e %-/'ent & tit)e #!eh/"e e-ei(t "h!)) 3e entit)e% t "/-h !i% &' the -/t & !(((i!te 4/i"%i-tin in !tt!-hin2 "/-h %-/'ent in "!ti"&0in2 the -)!i' 30 'e!n" !" i" !))#e% 30 )!# in e/it0 in e2!% t ((et0 #hi-h -!nnt 3e e!%i)0 !tt!-he% )e+ie% /(n 30 %in!0 (-e"". See At. 1:98$ Ne# Ci+i) C%e. I& the /e%!n" #ee ne2ti!3)e in &' !n% %/)0 in%"e% t PNB the -e%it$ the %e)i+e0 & the /e%!n" t PNB '!e" the PNB the #ne & the ((et0 -+ee% 30 "!i% /e%!n" !n% n %e("it #ith N!h*" A$ the #!eh/"e'!n. See S0 Cn2 Bien2 C. +" Hn2n2 Sh!n2h!i B!n C(.$ :> Phi). :7. In the -!"e !t 3!$ We &/n% th!t the &!-t/!) 3!"e" /n%e)0in2 the %e&en%!nt"* !&&i'!ti+e %e&en"e" /(n #hi-h PNB h!" '+e% & "/''!0 4/%2'ent !e nt %i"(/te% !n% h!+e 3een "ti(/)!te% 30 the (!tie" !n% thee&e % nt e/ie (e"ent!tin & e+i%en-e. PNB*" i2ht t en&-e the 3)i2!tin & N!h*" A !" ! #!eh/"e'!n$ t %e)i+e the "/2! "t- t PNB !" h)%e & the /e%!n"$ %e" nt %e(en% n the /t-'e & the thi%@(!t0 -'()!int 3e-!/"e the +!)i%it0 & the ne2ti!tin t!n"&ein2 tit)e t the 2%" t PNB !" h)%e & the /e%!n" i" nt !&&e-te% 30 !n0 !-t & RNS Me-h!n%i"in2 !n% St. Thee"e Me-h!n%i"in2$ in 3e!-h & t/"t$ &!/% -n+e"in !2!in"t N!h*" A.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
The C/t -n"i%e" the A((e))!te C/t*" -n-)/"in" & &!-t !n% )!# t 3e -e-t. The Ti!) J/%2e*" !2/'ent th!t the A((e))!te C/t*" %e-i"in &!i)e% t t!e !--/nt & the '!tei!) &!-t" e"t!3)i"he% n the 3!"i" & the ()e!%in2"$ %-/'ent!0 e+i%en-e n e-%$ "ti(/)!tin" !n% !%'i""in" %/in2 the (-ee%in2" n the !(()i-!tin & ! #it & (e)i'in!0 !tt!-h'ent$ i" /ite t!n"(!ent)0 "(e-i/". the '!tte" -ite% 30 Hi" Hn$ !" !))e2e%)0 nt e,!'ine% 30 the C/t & A((e!)"$ #ee in &!-t
%/)0 -n"i%ee% 30 the )!tte — i.e.$ th!t the +!i/" ("t%!te% -he-" i""/e% 30 the 3/0e" RNS Me-h!n%i"in2 !n% St. Thee"e Me-h!n%i"in2 in &!+ & N!h*" A #ee %i"hne% #hen (e"ente% & (!0'ent . . . !n% hen-e the 3/0e" ne+e !-/ie% tit)e t the "/2! e+i%en-e% 30 the /e%!n"$ = !n% th!t PNB %i% nt &))# the (-e%/e "t!te% in Ati-)e 9119 & the Ci+i) C%e. 6 In it" %e-i"in$ !" 4/"t (inte% /t$ the C/t & A((e!)" e,()i-it)0 /)e% th!t the +!)i%it0 & the ne2ti!tin & the /e%!n" t PNB -!nnt 3e i'(!ie% 30 the &!-t th!t the ne2ti!tin 3et#een N!h*" A !n% RNS Me-h!n%i"in2 !n% St. Thee"e Me-h!n%i"in2 #!" '!%e in 3e!-h & &!ith n the (!t & the 'e-h!n%i"in2 &i'" 30 the &!-t th!t the #ne N!h*" A #!" %e(i+e% & the (""e""in & the "!'e 30 &!/%$ 'i"t!e -n+e"in . . . : It !)" /)e% th!t the /e%!n" #ee ne2ti!3)e %-/'ent" !n% h!% 3een %/)0 ne2ti!te% t the PNB #hi-h thee30 !-/ie% the i2ht" "et /t in Ati-)e 1:1= & the Ci+i) C%e$ > +i.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
1 S/-h tit)e t the 2%" !" the (e"n ne2ti!tin2 the %-/'ent t hi' h!% h!% !3i)it0 t -n+e0 t ! (/-h!"e in 2% &!ith & +!)/e !n% !)" "/-h tit)e t the 2%" !" the (e"n t #h"e %e the 2%" #ee t 3e %e)i+ee% 30 the te'" & the %-/'ent h!% h!% !3i)it0 t -n+e0 t ! (/-h!"e in 2% &!ith & +!)/e; !n% 9 The %ie-t 3)i2!tin & the 3!i)ee i""/in2 the %-/'ent t h)% (""e""in & the 2%" & hi' !--%in2 t the te'" & the %-/'ent !" &/))0 !" i& "/-h 3!i)ee h!% -nt!-te% %ie-t)0 #ith hi'.
-!)!#+it/!1!#)i3!0
The C/t & A((e!)" &/n% -e-t)0 th!t the in%i-!tin" in the ()e!%in2" t the -nt!0 nt#ith"t!n%in2$ n "/3"t!nti!) ti!3)e i""/e & &!-t !-t/!))0 e,i"te%$ !n% th!t -et!in i""/e" !i"e% in !n"#e$ e+en i& t!en !" e"t!3)i"he%$ #/)% nt '!tei!))0 -h!n2e the /)ti'!te &in%in2" e)!ti+e t the '!in -)!i'. It" %e-i"in i" entie)0 in !--% #ith thi" C/t*" /)in2" e2!%in2 the ((iet0 & "/''!0 4/%2'ent" in+e% 30 the A((e))!te Ti3/n!)$ i.e.$ Ve2!!$ S. +. S/e)t$ 7 !n% Me-!% +. C/t & A((e!)". A--%in2 t Ve2!!$ & in"t!n-e$ e+en i& the !n"#e %e" ten%e i""/e" — !n% thee&e ! 4/%2'ent n the ()e!%in2" i" nt ((e — ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent '!0 "ti)) 3e en%ee% n the ()!inti&&*" 'tin i& he -!n "h# t the C/t*" "!ti"&!-tin th!t e,-e(t !" t the !'/nt & %!'!2e"$ thee i" n 2en/ine i""/e !" t !n0 '!tei!) &!-t$* 18 th!t i" t "!0$ the i""/e" th/" ten%ee% !e nt 2en/ine$ !e in the #%" "h!'$ &i-titi/"$ -nti+e%$ "et /( in 3!% &!ith$ (!tent)0 /n"/3"t!nti!). 11 The %ete'in!tin '!0 3e '!%e 30 the C/t n the 3!"i" & the ()e!%in2"$ !n% the %e("itin"$ !%'i""in" !n% !&&i%!+it" th!t the '+!nt '!0 "/3'it$ !" #e)) !" th"e #hi-h the %e&en%!nt '!0 (e"ent in t/n. 19 In !n0 e+ent$ the -n-)/"in" & &!-t !n% )!# "et /t in the A((e))!te C/t*" %e-i"in !e /n%eni!3)0 3in%in2 n !)) the (!tie" t the -!"e$ the e"(n%ent Re2in!) Ti!) J/%2e in-)/%e%. H!+in2 3een en%ee% 30 ! -'(etent -/t #ithin it" 4/i"%i-tin$ !n% h!+in2 3e-'e &in!) !n% e,e-/t0$ the %e-i"in n# (e!te" !" the i''/t!3)e )!# !'n2 the (!tie"$ the e"(n%ent Ti!) J/%2e in-)/%e%; it h!" 3e-'e the )!# & the -!"e !n% '!0 n )n2e$ in "/3"e/ent (-ee%in2"$ 3e !)tee% '%i&ie% in !n0 #!0$ '/-h )e"" e+e"e% "et !t n!/2ht$ 30 the )!tte$ !n0 the 4/%2e$ nt e+en 30 the S/(e'e C/t; it i" !n /n!)te!3)e %ete'in!tin & the ((iet0 & ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent in the !-tin in /e"tin$ !n% /(n !)) the i""/e" theein !i"e% #hi-h -/)% h!+e 3een !i"e% e)!ti+e t the 'eit" & "!i% !-tin. 1= The Ti!) J/%2e '!0 nt e+!%e -'()i!n-e #ith the &in!) 4/%2'ent & the C/t & A((e!)" n the the0 th!t the )!tte h!% !-te% n)0 n ! 'ee inte)-/t0 %e the %e %en0in2 PNB*" 'tin & "/''!0 4/%2'ent$ #hi)e he h!% "/3"e/ent)0 !%4/%2e% the !-tin & "(e-i&i- (e&'!n-e n the 'eit". K/ite
3+i/" i" th!t the C/t & A((e!)" h!% %e-i%e% th!t ! "/''!0 4/%2'ent #!" ((e in "!i% !-tin & "(e-i&i- (e&'!n-e$ th!t thi" #!" in t/th ! %ete'in!tin & the 'eit" & the "/it$ th!t %e-i"in h!% 3e-'e &in!) !n% e,e-/t0$ !n% th!t the %e-i"in e,(e"")0 -''!n%e% Hi" Hn t en%e "/-h ! 4/%2'ent. Un%e the -i-/'"t!n-e"$ the )!tte*" %/t0 #!" -)e! !n% ine"-!(!3)e. It #!" nt #ithin the Ti!) J/%2e*" -'(eten-e %i"-etin t t!e e,-e(tin t$ '/-h )e"" +et/n$ !n0 & the &!-t/!) )e2!) -n-)/"in" )!i% %#n 30 the C/t & A((e!)" in it" +e%i-t. He #!" !" '/-h 3/n% thee30 !" the (i+!te (!tie" the'"e)+e". Hi" n)0 &/n-tin #!" t i'()e'ent !n% -!0 /t the A((e))!te Ti3/n!)*" 4/%2'ent. It #!" !n !-t & "/(ee2!tin$ & (e"/'(t//"ne""$ n Hi" Hn*" (!t t %i"e2!% the C/t*" -)e! !n% -!te2i-!) -''!n%$ !n% t %i"("e & the -!"e in ! '!nne %i!'eti-!))0 (("e% theet. In %in2 "$ the Ti!) J/%2e -''itte% 2!+e e #hi-h '/"t &th#ith 3e -e-te%. WHEREORE$ the Ti!) J/%2e*" De-i"in in Ci+i) C!"e N. 8@:=89= %!te% J/ne 17$ 19 i" REVERSED !n% SET ASIDE !n% ! ne# ne en%ee% -n&'!3)0 #ith the &in!) !n% e,e-/t0 De-i"in & the C/t & A((e!)" in
[email protected]. SP N. 9:=7$ %ein2 the (i+!te e"(n%ent"$ N!h*" A S/2! Re&ine0$ A)3et T. L0/$ Ji''0 T. G !n% Wi))i!' T. G$ 4int)0 !n% "e+e!))0?
-h!n31e"+it/!)1!#)i3!0
! t %e)i+e t the (etitine Phi)i((ine N!tin!) B!n$ the "/2! "t-" -+ee% 30 the W!eh/"e Re-ei(t"K/e%!n" #hi-h !e n# in the )!tte*" (""e""in !" h)%e & +!)/e !n% in %/e -/"e; !)ten!ti+e)0$ t (!0 "!i% ()!inti&& !-t/!) %!'!2e" in the !'/nt & P=.1 Mi))in$ #ith )e2!) intee"t theen &' the &i)in2 & the -'()!int /nti) &/)) (!0'ent; !n% 3 t (!0 ()!inti&& Phi)i((ine N!tin!) B!n !ttne0*" &ee"$ )iti2!tin e,(en"e" !n% 4/%i-i!) -"t" hee30 &i,e% !t the !'/nt & ne h/n%e% &i&t0 th/"!n% (e"" P1:8$888.88$ !" #e)) !" the -"t". SO ORDERED. P!%i))!$ Re2!)!%$ N-n !n% P/n$ JJ.$ -n-/.
