UNIVERZITET U KRAGUJEVCU
TEHNIČKI FAKULTET - ČAČAK
UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC KRAGUJEVAC
TECHNICAL FACULTY - CACAK
Smer: Inženjerski menadžment menadžment Predmet: Tehnološki procesi
SEMINARSKI RAD
Tema: !RADA P"ASTIKE P"ASTIK E
Pro#esor:
St$denti:
Čačak, april 2011 2011.god. .god.
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Obrada Plastke
SADR%A&:
1. UVOD...................... UVOD.................................. ......................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ....................................3 ........................3 2. Karakteristike Karakteri stike plastičnih p lastičnih masa......................... masa...................................... ......................... .................................. ......................44 2.1 Podela plastičnih masa........................ masa..................................... ...................................................... ......................................... 3. Vrste Vrste plastičnih masa......................... masa...................................... .......................... ................................................ ...................................!! 3.1 Polimeri i n"iho#a podela........................... podela....................................... ......................... .......................... .......................! ..........! 3.1.1 Podela plimera prema porekl$.............................. porekl$............................................................ ..............................%% 3.1.2 Podela polimera prema hemi"skom sasta#$........................................% 3.1.3 Podela polimera prema pona&an"$ pri 'agre#an"$..............................% 3.1.4 Podela sintetičkih polimera(........................... polimera(....................................... ......................... .........................) ............) 4. Vrste i oso*ine termoreakti#nih plastičnih masa..........................................11 . Prerada plastičnih masa........................ masa..................................... .......................... ......................... ......................... ...................12 ......12 .1 Osno#ne opera+i"e prerade plastičnih masa............................................13 !. a#ari#an"e plastičnih masa......................... masa...................................... .......................... .......................... .......................1% ..........1% !.1 -pa"an"e -pa" an"e lepl"en"em............................. lepl"en"em.......................................... .................................................... .......................................1 1 !.2 O*rada plastičnih masa re'an"em................................... re'an"em............................................................1 .........................1 %. akl"$čak........................... akl"$čak........................................ ......................... ......................... .......................... .......................... .........................20 ............20 ). / /U........................ U.................................... ......................... .......................... .......................... ................................21 ...................21
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Obrada Plastke
'( )*D Po"a Po"am m plas plasti tike ke se pr#i pr#i p$ p$tt $p $pot otre re*i *ioo po poče četk tkom om 1 15o 5ogg #eka #eka,, a i'mi i'misl slio io "$ "e le6ander Parkes 1)!0 god. Plastika "e postala pop$larna tek $ posledn"ih nekoliko de+eni"a i &iroko "e rasprostran"ena, a naročito $ o*lasti proi'#odn"e. Po'nato "e da posto"i #i&e hil"ada #rsta plastike. U pro&losti se $gla#nom koristila 'ato &to "e *ila "e7tina, ali danas ni"e tako i n"ena proi'#odn"a "e $ #elikom porast$. Plastika se odlik$"e s#o"om č#rsto8om, 7leksi*ilno&8$, lako8om i otporna "e na koro'i"$. ah#al"$"8$i o#im oso*inama plastika "e otporna i d$gotra"na pod ra'ličitim $slo#ima, tako9e "e *iora'gradi#a, t". pod $ti+a"em s$nče#e s#etlosti i #ode se ne raspada lako. Plastika se do*i"a preradom na7te. :og$ se pra#iti "ače, mek&e ili lak&e plastične 7orme, s#e $ 'a#isnosti kako se na7ta o*ra9$"e. Plastika "e polimer. Polimeri s$ d$gi lan+i mlek$la sasta#l"eni od man"ih pona#l"a"$8ih delo#a. Plastične mase s$ proi'#odi hemi"ske ind$stri"e, ko"i s#e #i&e da"$ o*ele;"e #remen$ $ kome ;i#imo. a man"e od "ednog #eka, na$ka "e st#orila mnogo no#ih materi"ala od ko"ih čo#ek pra#i predmete ko"ima se sl$;i, #i&e nego pre toga $ period$ od hil"ad$ godina. O#aka# ra'#o" proi'#odn"e i potro&n"e plastičnih masa pro$'roko#an "e, kako ra'#itkom tehn tehnol olog ogi" i"ee n"ih n"iho# o#ee proi proi'# '#od odn" n"ee i prer prerad ade, e, tako tako i pron pronal ala; a;en en"e "em m no no#i #ih, h, sa aspe aspekt ktaa ekonomskog gledi&ta, po#ol"nih siro#inskih i'#ora. :no&t#o proi'#oda od plastičnih masa, n"iho# ogroman *ro" i stalno tragan"e 'a no#im
r'i ra'#o" proi'#odn"e sintetičkih polimera i neprestano &iren"e n"iho#e $potre*e $ na"ra'ličlti"im podr$či"ima karakteristika s$ ra'#o"a ind$stri"e $ s#et$. a'log naglog &iren"a plastičnih masa tre*a tra;iti $ čin"eni+i da "e nemog$8e po#e8a#ati proi'#odn"$ prirodnih materi"ala tako *r'o kao &to raste potre*a 'a n"ima. Proi'#od od, ili sa #elikim $če&8em polimernih materi"ala "e "e7tini"i i ima *ol"e eksplata+ione eksplata+ione oso*ine nego kad "e siro#ina 'a n"ego#$ proi'#odn"$ prirodni materi"al. >e' proi'#oda od polimernih materi"ala te&ko "e 'amisliti 'amisliti slede8e slede8e o*lasti( o*lasti( elektroni elektronik$, k$, transportn transportnaa sredst#a, sredst#a, ind$stri"$ ind$stri"$ name&ta"a name&ta"a,, &irok$ &irok$ potro&n"$, #o"n$ ind$stri"$, ind$stri"$, am*ala;$, am*ala;$, itd. Plastične mase na&le s$, dakle, tak#$ primen$ da "e #e8 sada te&ko 'amisliti ;i#ot *e' n"ih, "er se $*otre*l"a#a"$ $*otre*l"a#a"$ skoro $ s#em$ &to "e #e'ano #e'ano 'a čo#eko# čo#eko# ;i#ot. :ada ne mog$ da 'amene s#e materi"ale, 'nača" plastičnih masa $ čo#eko#om ;i#ot$ s#akim dano "e s#e #e8i. *og toga ima"$ s#e #e8$ #rednost, tako da se stepenom n"iho#e proi'#odn"e počin"e da se meri stepen ;i#otnog standarda $ "edno" 'eml"i.
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Seminarski rad
Obrada Plastke
+( Karakteristike plasti,nih masa Plasti Plastične čne mase mase s$ mater materi"a i"ali li ko"i ko"i kao osn osno#n o#n$$ kompon komponent ent$$ sadr;e sadr;e polime polimerno rno "edin"en"e. Pod odre9enim $slo#ima i $ i'#esnim stadi"$mima proi'#odn"e, plastični materi"ali mog$ da se pod $ti+a"em do#edene toplote i pritiska o*lik$"$, a posle hla9en"a 'adr;a#a"$ do*i"eni o*lik. Plastične mase odlik$"$ se niskom toplotnom pro#odl"i#o&8$ i #isokom #redno&8$ koe7i+i"enta linearnog &iren"a <510 p$ta #e8i nego kod dr$gih konstr$k+ionih materi"ala=. ?a"#e8i *ro" plastičnih masa "e otporan prema delo#an"$ #ode i #odenih rast#ora kiselina, *a'a i soli. :e9$tim, mnoge plastične mase se lako rast#ara"$ ili *$*re $ organskim rast#aračima. -taren"e predsta#l"a #rlo o'*il"an nedostatak mnogih plastičnih masa. Do n"ega n"ega dola' dola'ii tokom tokom #reme #remena na $sled $sled 'agre# 'agre#an" an"a, a, delo#a delo#an"a n"a s#etl s#etlost osti, i, kiseon kiseonika ika i dr$gih dr$gih 7aktor 7aktora.U a.U na"#e na"#e8em 8em *ro"$ *ro"$ sl$ča sl$ča"e# "e#aa plasti plastične čne mase mase se sasto" sasto"ee i' polime polimera ra
Plasti#ikatori s$ materi"e $ ko"ima se polimeri rast#ara"$ '*og čega dola'i do promene n"ih n"iho# o#ih ih meha mehani ničk čkih ih oso* oso*in inaa
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+(' Podela plasti,nih masa U 'a#isnosti od pona&an"a polastičnih materi"ala 'a #reme 'agre#an"a ra'lik$"$ se( ► ►
ermoplastični ermoplastični materi"ali
Termoplasti,ni Termoplasti,ni materijali pod de"st#om pritiska i temperat$re mog$ neograničeno men"ati s#o" o*lik. Oni pri 'agre#an"$ omek&a#a"$ i posta"$ plastični, a pri hlad"en"$ se #ra8a"$ $ pr#o*itno stan"e. ermoplasti ermoplasti se mog$ pod#rga#ati pod#rga#ati #i&estepenom 'agre#an"$, ali ne preko temperat$re rast#aran"a i hla9en"a *e' 'nača"nih promena korisnih oso*ina. ermoplstični materi"ali s$( poli#inili, polietileni, polistiroli, polikar*onati, polimetakrilati, poli7l$oretileni, plastične mase na *a'i +el$lo'e +el$lo'e <+el$lo'ni nitrati, a+etati a+etati i a+eto*$tirat=. Termoreakti/ni materijali ima"$ ograničen$ sposo*nost men"an"a o*lika pod de"st#om #i&ih temperat$ra i pritiska. O#i materi"ali kad se "ednom 'agre"$ do odre9ene temperat$re prela'e $ nerast#orl"i#o stan"e. U o#$ gr$p$ spada"$( 7enoplasti, aminoplasti, epoksidi, alkidi, silikoni, ne'asi8eni polistri i ka'einske plastmase. plastmase.
TERMP"ASTI
D)RP"ASTI
KA)1)K
Slika 1.- Podela plastičnih masa
Podela plastičnih masa se mo;e i'#r&iti prema mehaničkim oso*inama na( ► lastomere ► Plastomere
Elastomeri s$ sintetički materi"ali kod ko"ih "e molek$larna str$kt$ra tako9e me9$so*no po#e'ana, ali oni s$ p$no mekani"i $ $spored*i sa d$roplastima. ?a o#a" način omog$8eno "e da o#i materi"ali posed$"$ odre9en$ elastičnost, a to 'nači da nakon pri#remene de7orma+i"e pono#no mog$ poprimiti pr#o*itni i'gled. ?akon konačne o*rade
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Seminarski rad
Obrada Plastke
Plastomeri s$ sintet sintetičk ičkii polime polimeri ri či"i či"i s$ molek$ molek$li li d$g d$gi, i, linea linearni rni ili ra'gra ra'granat natii lan+i. lan+i. Plastomeri podle;$ 'natno 'natno man"em elastičnom elastičnom de7ormisan"$ de7ormisan"$ <0. A 200 @= A plastomeri. plastomeri. Osno#no Osno#no s#o"st#o s#o"st#o plastometra plastometra "e da 'agre#an"em omek&a"$, 'agre#an"em omek&a"$, a hla9en"em a hla9en"em oč#rsn$ oč#rsn$ a da ne promene s#o"a s#o"st#a. s#o"st#a. Mehaničke osobine plastomera: plastomera: iste'an"e, sa#i"an"e, otpornost na $dare, p$'an"e, t#rdo8a. Fizičke Fizičke osobine osobine plastom plastomera: era:
g$stina, g$stina, gori#ost, gori#ost, sk$p sk$pl"an"e l"an"e,, apsorp+i" apsorp+i"aa #ode #ode,, m$tno8a, m$tno8a,
prop$snost s#etla. s#etla. spe+i7ičn spe+i7ičnii toplotni toplotni kapa+itet kapa+itet
Termičke Termičke osobine plastomera: plastomera:
Električne Električne osobine plastomera plastomera:: dielektrična č#rsto8a, dielektrična konstanta, 7aktor snage.
2( *rste plasti,nih masa eč plasti plastiča čann 'nači 'nači pog pogoda odann 'a model modelo#a o#an"e n"e i o*liko o*liko#an #an"e. "e. O# O#aa reč go# go#ori ori o sa#itl"i#osti i sposo*nosti da se neprestano men"a ili stalno preinača#a na odre9eni način *e' loml"en"a. sto#remeno o#a reč $ka'$"e i na sposo*nost 'adr;a#an"a do*i"enog o*lika. ?es$mn"i#o "e da s$ pr#e plastične plastične mase one ko"e ko"e s$ nastale $ prirodi. prirodi. Plastični materi"ali s$ #elika i ra'no#rsna gr$pa sintetičkih polimera ko"i se ra'nim pro+esima o*rade o*lik$"$ $ goto#e proi'#ode.
2(' Polimeri i njiho/a podela Polime Polimeri ri s$ slo;e slo;ene ne organs organske ke s$p s$psta stan+e n+e ko"i ko"i se do* do*i"a i"a"$ "$ hemi"s hemi"skom kom sinte' sinte'om om "ednosta#nih "edin"en"a 5 monomera. O#a #rsta hemi"ske sinte'e na'i#a se polimeri'a+i"a. Polimeri'a+i"a predsta#l"a reak+i"$ reak+i"$ do*i"an"a polimera i' odgo#ara"$8ih odgo#ara"$8ih monomera, monomera, tako da $ op&tem sl$ča"$ #a;i rela+i"a( n: C :n
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Seminarski rad
Obrada Plastke
t#rdo8om i č#rsto8om, #odoneprop$stl"i#o&8$ #odoneprop$stl"i#o&8$ i otporno&8$ otporno&8$ na ra'ličite hemi"ske hemi"ske reagense, reagense, ograničenom otporno&8$ na po#i&ene temterat$re, otporno&8$ na mra' itd. Polimeri se koriste 'a do*i"an"e plastičnih masa, hidro i termo i'ola+ionih materi"ala, materiala materiala poro'ne poro'ne str$kt$re str$kt$re
2('(' Podela polimera prema porekl$ Podela polimera prema porekl$( ► Prirodni polimeri ► Ve&tački polimeri ► -intetički polimeri
Prirodni polimeri A U prirodi ih nala'imo kao delo#e *il"aka ili ;i#otin"a, npr( +el$lo'a, skro*, *elanče#ine, ka$č$k, itd. *ešta,ki polimeri A Do*i"a"$ se hemi"skom preradom prirodnih polimera, npr( g$ma "e proi'#od #$lkani'a+i"e #$lkani'a+i"e prirodnog ka$č$ka. ka$č$ka. Sinteti,ki polimeri A Do*i"a"$ se sinte'om niskomolek$lskih "edin"en"a
2('(+ Podela polimera prema hemijskom sasta/$ Podela polimera prema hemi"skom sasta#$( ► Organske ► ?eorganske
r3anski polimeri s$ (
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Obrada Plastke
2('(4 Podela sinteti,kih polimera Podela sintetičkih polimera( '( Polipropilen +( Polietilen 2( Poli#inil hlorid PVB 4( Polikar*onat 5( Polistiren 6( Polietilen tera7talat
Poliprop Polipropilen ilen 7PP8 A "e po s#o s#o"o" "o" hemi"s hemi"sko" ko" prirod prirodii #isoko #isokomol molek ek$la $larni rni,, mlečno mlečno *eli, *eli, termoplastični materi"al *e' mirisa, ko"i se mo;e o*o"iti $ #i&e *o"a. Polipropilen imamal$ g$stin$, i'#anredn$ hemi"sk$ i termičk$ otpornost, ako i sposo*nost da se lako termički i mehanički o*a9$"e. Eedna od na"#a;ni"ih oso*ina propilena "e n"ego#a posto"anost pri #isokim temperat$rama. Vrlo "e posto"an prema #odi, neorganskim hemikali"ama, kao i prema kiselinama i *a'ama. *a'ama.
Slika 2.- PP Polipropilen
Slika 3. – Dečije flašice ira!ene od polipropilena
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Slika ".- P# Polietilen
Obrada Plastke
Slika $.– %eer&oar a &od' ira!en od polietilena
Poli/inil hlorid 7P*98 A se do*i"a post$pkom polimeri'a+i"e #inil hlorid monomera. ma #isok$ ;ila#ost, elastičnost, otpornost na kidan"e i ha*an"e, a mal$ g$stin$. Otporan "e na delo#an"e hemikali"a, organskih i neorganskih kiselina, alkali"a, idr. PVB "e na"#i&e kori&8eni plastični materi"al. a'lik$"emo( ► #rdi neplasti7i+irani poli#inil hlorid
Slika (. – P)* Poli&inil hlorid
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Seminarski rad
Obrada Plastke
elektrotehni+i. :ehaničke oso*ine s$ im slične metalima. ma"$ "ako do*r$ otpornost na kli'an"e i #isok pritisak.
Slika 0. – Polikarbonat
Slika1 . – erasa ira!ena od polikarbonata
Polistiren A "e polime polimerr stiren stirena. a. Polist Polistire irenn "e kop kopoli olime merr ko kodd ko ko"eg "eg s$ polime polimerni rni lan+i lan+i kopoli kop olime mera ra #e'an #e'anii na gla#ni gla#ni lana+ lana+ dr$gog dr$gog kop kopoli olime mera ra ko""i ko""i ima dr$ga dr$gači" či"$$ hemi"s hemi"sk$ k$ str$kt$r$. On "e pro#idan, *e'*o"ni plastomer ko"i se mo;e *o"iti $ ra'ličite *o"e. Otporan "e na #od$, ali počin"e da ;$ti i posta"e krt pod $ti+a"em $ltra#iolentnog 'račen"a, pase ne prepor$č$"e 'a $potre*$ $potre*$ na ot#orenom ot#orenom prostor$. ?a tr;i&t$ se "a#l"a"$ $ tri osno#ne #ari"ante( #ari"ante( ► ?ormalni polistiren ► :odi7i+irani polistiren
Slika 11. – Polistiren
Slika 12. – potreba polistirena pri iolaciji
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Slika 13.- Polietilen teraftalat P#4
Obrada Plastke
Slika 1". – P# ambalaa a &od'
4( *rste i oso-ine termoreakti/nih plasti,nih masa Vrste Vrste termoreakti#nih plastičnih masa( ► Fenoplasti ► Poliestri ► -ilikoni
;enoplasti A s$ do*ili ime po siro#ini ko"a se koristi 'a n"iho#o do*i"an"e A 7enol$. Dr$ga siro#ina ko"a se koristi 'a i'rad$ 7enoplasta "e 7ormalde5hid, to "e "edin"en"e do*i"eno i' mra#l"e kiseline. Otporni s$ prema #e8ini rast#arača i sla*i"ih kiselina. ?edostatak im "e &to tamne pri d$;o" i'lo;enosti s$nče#o" s#etlosti, pa se '*og toga proi'#ode $ tamni"im *o+ama. Primen"$"$ Primen"$"$ se i $ elektrotehni+i. elektrotehni+i.
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Slika 1+ . – Poliesterska smola
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Slika 1/. – 6ro& i7ra!en od poliesterse smole
Sili Siliko koni ni A s$ sintetičke plastične mase sa osno#nim karakteristikama( -ta*ilnost prema toploti, otpornost prema oksida+i"i, otpornost prema #odi. Osno#ni pro+es do*i"an"a silikona "e de"st#o hlorida na sili+i"$m. Do*ri s$ i'olatori i'olatori električne energi"e energi"e i termički s$ pro#idni+i. pro#idni+i.
5( Prerada plasti,nih masa Pod Pod prer prerad adom om plas plasti tičn čnih ih masa masa po podr dra' a'$m $me# e#a" a"$$ se s#i s#i po post st$p $p+i +i ko ko"im "imaa se od polimeraAsiro#ine do*i"a"$ pol$7a*rikati ili goto#i proi'#odi. Posto"e d#a osno#na post$pka prerade( ► Prer Prerad adaa *e' *e' $pot $poter ere* e*ee prit pritis iska ka
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tempe temperat$ rat$re re pri prerad preradii d$ropl d$roplast astaa dola' dola'ii do sni;en sni;en"a "a #isko' #isko'nos nosti, ti, ali pri odre9enim temperat$rama dola'i do reak+i"e $mno;a#an"a, #isko'nost naglo raste i nasta"e plastičnost
Slika 10a. Slik lika
10b.
Slika 10c.
5(' sno/ne operacije prerade plasti,nih masa Osno#ne opera+i"e prerade plastičnih masa s$( ► ► ►
Kalandro#an"e Preso#an"e
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1. e'er#oar 2. adni #al"+i 3. Kalem 4. Pomo8ni kalem Slika 2. – 8ematski prika kalandro&anja
Preso/anje plasti,nih masa se #r&i $ kal$pima 'a preso#an"e ko"i ima"$ "edno ili nekoliko pro7ilisanih $d$*l"en"a sa kont$rom ko"a odgo#ara o*lik$ dela. Ud$*l"en"a alata se isp$n"a#a"$ plastičnom masom $ č#rstom ili rastopl"enom stan"$ i pod de"st#om toplote i pritiska i'#odi se o*liko#an"e dela. Osno#ni post$p+i i'rade delo#a od plastičnih masa $ alatiama 'a preso#an"e s$( ► ► ►
O*ično
Pr# Pr#a d#a način čina pre preso#a so#ann"a se pre prete;n te;noo prim rimen"$"$ "$"$ kod i'ra i'radde delo delo#a #a termoreakti#nih plastičnih masa, dok se li#en"em pod pritiskom na"če&8e i'rad"$"$ delo#i od termoplastičnih masa.
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Slika 22. – Posredno preso&anje ododo9 a4p'njenje: b4preso&anje: c4ibaci&anje
Slika 23. – ,lat sa ibaci&ačkom i baci&ačkom pločom – ot&orena poicija a inekciono preslika&anje4 preslika&anje4
Ekstr$diranje "e ko kont ntin in$i $ira rann po post st$p $pak ak prer prerad adee plas plasti tičn čnih ih masa masa.. -iro -iro#i #ina na ko ko"a "a se neprekidno do#odi i' re'er#oara <1=, omek&a#a se $ 'agr"anom +ilindr$ <2=. Kontin$alnim kretan"em p$;nog prenosnika <3= dola'i do isto#remenog me&an"a mase i n"enog transporta ka i'la'$ i' +ilindra. :asa se dal"e $#odi $ pro7ilisani ot#or matri+e <= gde se dodatno 'agr 'agre# e#aa $ man" man"em em +ili +ilind ndr$ r$.. ?a i'la i'la'$ '$ i' matr matri+ i+ee proi proi'# '#od od ko kont ntin in$i $ira rano no oč#r oč#r&8 &8a# a#aa 'adr;a 'adr;a#a #a"$8 "$8ii dati dati presek presek.. :etoda :etoda se prime primen"$ n"$"e "e 'a proi'# proi'#odn odn"$ "$ pro7ila pro7ila od polist polistire irena, na, polietilena, poli#inil hlorida, hlorida, polimetakrilata, +el$loida +el$loida i dr.
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Seminarski rad
Obrada Plastke
1. p$; 2. +ilind +ilindar ar 3. spo"ni+a spo"ni+a 'a spa"an"e spa"an"e sa alatom alatom 4. #oden #odenoo hla9ena $la'na $la'na 'ona . le#a le#ak k !. pogo pogonn ekstr$d ekstr$dera era %. temperiran temperiran"e "e p$;a p$;a ). sistem tem 'a temperiran"e i hla9en"e p$;a . gre" gre"ni ni elem elemen enti ti 'a gre" gre"an an"e "e +ilindra Slika 2$. – Skica jednop'no7 ekstr'dera
Ve8ina 8ina plasti plastični čnihh 7oli"a 7oli"a proi'# proi'#odi odi se dan danas as pomo8 pomo8$$ pro+e pro+esa sa ekstr ekstr$di $diran ran"a "a 7oli"a 7oli"a d$#an"em #a'd$ha. Posto"i #i&e #rsta ekstr$diran"a 7oli"a d$#an"em #a'd$ha( ► ► ►
hori'ontalna ekstr$'i"a #ertikalna ekstr$'i"a prema dole #ertikalna ekstr$'i"a prema gore
O#im post$pkom rastopl"ena plastična masa ekstr$dira kro' prstenasti alat i 7ormira +e#i odred"enog prečnika i odred"ene de*l"ine 'ida. De*l"ina 7oli"a 'a#isi od istisn$te mase,
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Obrada Plastke
osno#nih karakteristika plastične mase. ermo7ormiran"e "e tehnika prerade 7oli"e kod ko"e se one 'agre#a"$ do #isokog elastičnog stana" i onda o*lik$"$. ?a"#e8e promene o*lika posti;$ se i'nad temperat$re omek&a#an"a. omek&a#an"a. Posto"e d#a osno#na post$pka termo7ormiran"a( sa#i"an"e i pro#lačen"e t". #$čen"e
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Slik Slikaa 2/. 2/. Prib Priboor i pom pomo;ni o;ni ala alat
Obrada Plastke
Slik Slikaa 20. 20. )o!ica ica sa 7rejače jačem m a do&o do&odd topl toplo7 o7 7as 7asa
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Obrada Plastke
Slika 33. -
Os#a"an"e i'rade, $sa#r&a#an"e i primena plastičnih masa 'ahte#ala "e i ra'#o" i os#a"an"e odgo#ara"$8ih post$paka spa"an"a topl"en"em, odnosno n"iho#og 'a#ari#an"a. U
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Obrada Plastke
6(+ -rada plasti,nih masa re.anjem Plastične mase ko"e s$ na o*ično" temperat$ri t#rde mog$ da se o*rad"$"$ pomo8$ s#ih tehnika rada ko"e s$ $o*iča"ene pri o*radi metala. a o*rad$ plastičnih masa o*ično se $potre*l"a#a"$ ma&ine 'a o*rad$ dr#eta ili lakih metala, t". ma&ine sa #elikom *r'inom re'an re'an"a, "a, a hla9en hla9en"e "e se i'#odi i'#odi #od #odom om,, em$l' em$l'i"om i"om ili '*i"en '*i"enim im #a'd$ #a'd$hom hom.. >e' tak#og tak#og hlad"en"a kod termoplasta dola'i do plasti7ika+i"e i lepl"en"a, a kod d$roplasta do raspadan r aspadan"a. "a. Kod o*rade plastičnih masa #rlo "e #a9an re'ni $gao alata, pomak i *r'ina re'an"a. Pri str$gan"$ ima"$ prednost no;e#i sa 'ao*l"enim #rhom, dok pri glodan"$ samo spiralno o'$*l"ena glodala. e'an"e na#o"a tre*a i'*ega#ati, ali ako se mora"$ nare'ati tre*a raditi sa #e8im $sponom i 'aokr$;enom osno#om. Pore Poredd na#e na#ede deni nihh meha mehani ni8k 8kih ih op oper era+ a+i"a i"a term termoa oakt kti# i#ne ne mase mase mog$ mog$ se *r$s *r$sit itii kar*idnim to+ilima, *r$snim papirom ili mehani8ki. Poliran"e se mo9e i'#esti polirnim pastama ili 7lanelom na rota+ionim ma&inama. ma&inama.
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Obrada Plastke
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Seminarski rad
Obrada Plastke
>( "ITERAT)RA
hnički 7ak$ltet, Čačak , 1). god.