b. If the supervi so sor has appro ve ved the stud reuested
NURSING RESEARCH Instruction: Choose the correct answer from the choices below. Erasure means means wrong 1. The major major reason reason for conducting conducting resear research ch is to: a. i mp mpro ve ve nursi ng ng care for c lilients c . promo te te th the gr grow th th of of th the nursing profession b. documen documentt the cost-e cost-eect ective ivenes ness s of care care d. ensure ensure accoun accountab tabilit ilit for nursing practice !. The plan plan for how a stud stud will be conducte conducted d is called: called: a. design b. data collection method c. hpothesis d. process
research
". To obtain the desired data data in a stud# which of the following tpes of de$nition is mot essential% a. theoretical b. conceptual c. dictionar d. operational &. Collecting Collecting data from from a sample to determine determine the character characteristics istics of a population population is the purpose of what tpe of research% a. correlational b. e'perimental c. surve d. historical (. )hich of the following following methods is appropriat appropriate e for the presentation presentation of research research $ndings a. narrative presentations c. tabular presentations b. graphical presentations d. all of the above *. )hat communicat communication ion medium is most li+el to reach reach the largest percenta percentage ge of nurses% a. dissertation defense c. journal article b. conf confer eren ence ce oral oral pres presen enta tati tion on d. post poster er pres presen enta tati tion on ,. communit communit health health nurse of a maternit maternit clinic decides decides to conduct conduct a stud to determine the number of clients seen during the previous ear who became anemic at some time during their pregnanc. The nurses research is cl assi$ed as which tpe of stud% a. naltic b. Cohort c. /escriptive d. E'perimental 0. gradu graduate ate nursing nursing student student is collect collecting ing data data for a resear research ch stud and approaches the assigned nurse for permission to see a patients chart. The nurses $rst most appropriate steps is to determine: a. if informed consent has been obtained c. the purpose of the stud
d.
the
speci $c $c
data
2. )hich statement about informed consent in nursing research research is true% a. 3nce participants have signed consent# the are e'pected to complete the stud b. 4articipants are informed of the sampling method used. c. 4articipa 4articipants nts receive a full e'planation e'planation of the stud# validit testing testing and hpotheses d. The consent form states the researchers names# addresses# and telephone number 15. The three essential elements are informed consent are: a. accountabilit# bene$cence# and paternalism b. con$dentialit# truthfulness# and advocac c. $nancial ris+# rule of utilit# and protection of privac d. information# comprehension# and freedom from coercion 11. )hen writing a grant grant proposal proposal for a domestic violence prevention prevention program# program# the author addresses characteristics of the target population that are related to: a. current health care need c. ri ris+ fa factors pr prevalent am among its members b. recent recent utili6 utili6ati ation on of health health care care servi services ces d. speci$c speci$c healt health h conditio conditions ns 1!. 7urveing 7urveing clients +nowledge +nowledge of resources# resources# identifing identifing resource resource eligibilit criteria# and comparing income levels with agenc fee structures are steps in which part of the grant proposal processes% a. 8udgeting b. Evaluation c. 9eeds assessment d. d. program design 1". The diabetes diabetes clinician designs a stud to e'amine e'amine how a consistent consistent and struct structur ured ed educat education ional al intera interactio ction n betwee between n diabet diabetes es educat educators ors and hospitali6ed diabetes patients would aect the patients an'iet levels. Two groups of patients# ages "5 to 05 ears# are studied. The $rst group receives dail visits from the same educator. The second group receives one visit of basic s+ills teaching. standardi6ed an'iet scale is administered to both groups on admission and again after at least " das of hospitali6ation. ort patients admitted between 7eptember 1 and 7eptember "5 serve as subject for the $rst group# and &5 admitted between 3ctober 1 and 3ctober "5 serve as subjects for the second group. )hat are the independent and dependent variables in this stud% a. Independent variable: dail interaction; /ependent variable; patient an'iet level b. Independent variable: one visit of basic s+ills teaching; /ependent variable; dail interaction
c. Independent variable; patient an'iet level; dependent variable; dail interaction d. Independent variable; patient an'iet level; dependent variable; visit of basic s+ills teaching 1&. In the discussion section of a research article# the author states that the lac+ of statistical signi$cance ma have been caused b the small sample si6e and suggests the need for replication of the stud with a large sample. In evaluating the authors statement# which statement is appropriate to consider% a. n e'act replication ma produce the same results b. If the stud was otherwise well designed# replication ma be advisable c. 7ample si6e is not related to statistical signi$cance# so the authors suggestion is illogical d. 7ample si6e is not important if the appropriate statistical techniues are applied. 1(. The primar consideration when evaluating a research sample is its: a. generali6abilit b. probabilit c. randomi6ation d. representativeness 1*.7tatistical sources for population age distributions# and socioeconomic characteristics include: a. c ensus data b. morbi dit data c . servic e uti li 6atio n data d. vi tal statistics 1,. The most eective wa to asses the health care needs of older persons in a communit is to: a. Conduct personal interviews with local health care professionals and social services sta. b.
ospital and nursing school administrators are uestioning the commitment of professional nurses to their organi6ation. 9urse Carmencita was commissioned to co nduct research amid this nursing crisis. 10. )hich of the following will be the priorit action of 9urse Carmencita% a. ormulate and delimit the research problem b. ormulate research hpothesis c. /evelop a conceptual framewor+ of the stud d. Conduct literature search on the topic
12. basic characteristic of a research problem is that it is researchable# which means that: a. It can be investigated through the collection and analsis of data b. It can ma+e great topics for debate c. It deals with philosophical or ethical issues d. It has no practical signi$cance !5. fter the research problem and purpose increase in clarit and conciseness# 9urse Carmencita has greater direction in determining the feasibilit of the stud which include: a. 1#!#" 1. Time and mone commitment b. 1#!#& !. ? !(. )hen reading a journal article she $rst started reading the brief summar of the article placed at the beginning of the journal report. This is referred to as the: a. Introduction b. bac+ground c. abstract
!*. 7he noted that the researcher himself who conducted the stud wrote the journal article she is reading. This refers to the: a. 8ibliograph b. 7econdar source c. 4rimar source !,. )hich of the following research design is most appropriate for this stud% a. /escriptive b. >istorical c. Case 7tud d. 4henomenological !0. 9urse Carmencita plans to collect data from nurses b using a uestionnaire. 4rior to administering the uestionnaire# she should $rst determine the degree to which the test consistentl measures what it measures. This is called. a. @alidit b. normalit c. reliabilit d. sensitivit !2. 7he should also conduct a small-scale trial run of her research stud which is referred to as: a. awthorne studies d . pilot stud "5. 7he should also consider ethical considerations involved in all research studies that include: a. 1#! 1. 7ubjects should not be harmed in an wa b. 1#!#" !. Inform subjects concerning the nature of ris+ involved c. 1#!#& ". 7ubjects right to privac should be considered d. 1#!#"#& &.
"&. 7ampling criteria ma be used b 9urse Carmencita to develop the desired sample. Characteristics that must be present for a subject to be included in the sample is called: a. Inclusion criteria b. e'clusion criteria c. representativeness "(. rom a sampling theor point of view# each individual in the population should have an eual and independent chance of being selected for the sample. This is don through: a. 4urposive sampling b. uota sampling c. random sampling "*. 9urse Carmencita develops a sampling frame that involves random selection of provinces in the dierent regions of the countr and randoml selecting nurses in the selected provinces. This is an e'ample of which tpe of random sampling% a. 7imple random sampling b. strati$ed random sampling c. cluster sampling ",.)hen data of nurses in the sample are categori6ed into gender and emploment status# what level of measurement is used% a. 9ominal scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale d. ratio-scale "0. The nurses level of education in this stud is classi$ed in which level of measurement% a. 9ominal-scale b. ordinal scale c. interval scale d. ratio-scale "2. )hen 9ruse Carmencita organi6es her data using freuenc distributions and computation of means# she is using which approach to data analsis% a . / es cri pt iv e s tat is ti cs b . I nf ere nt ia l s tat is ti cs c. p ar am et ri c statistics &5. 9urse Carmencita is now done with anal6ing the data. >er challenge is to reach the $nal stage of the research process which is: a. Conduct post-surve b. )rite the $nal draft c. communicate results &1. The following are possible was b which 9urse Carmencitas stud could be shared to others for dissemination purposes# EACE4T: a. 3ral presentation at conferencesBconventions b. 4ublication in research journals c. iving poster presentation at conventions d. Deeping it in her personal journal
&!. The process of disseminating and using research-generated information to ma+e an impact on or change in the e'isting practices in nursing is called: a . D no wl edge m an age me nt b. + no wl ed ge u ti li 6at io n c . re se arc h critiue &". 9urse Carmencita is interested in conducting another stud. 7he was as+ed b her superior to submit a written plan identifing the major elements of the stud. This is referred to as: a. 4roposition b. 4ilot 7tud c. research proposal d. Thesis &&. well written plan would include the following# EACE4T a.
a. E'perimental
b. surve
c. ualitative
d. uantitative
(5. In which of the following tpe of research does a researcher control the independent variable but has no wa of assigning subjects to treatment conditions in a random manner% a. E'perimental c. e'plorator b. uasi-e'perimental d. Correlational (1. )hich of the following is T
c. an'iet level
(&. In causal relationships# the variable that is manipulated b the researcher is the: a. Independent variable b. dependent variable c. active variable ((. The hpothesis that is used for statistical testing and interpreting statistical outcomes in research is referred to as: a.
a. Independent variables e'traneous variable
b. /ependent variable
c.
(0. Characteristics or attitudes of the subjects that are collected to describe the sample li+e age# educational level# gender# income# etc are referred to as: a. Environmental variables b. confounding variables c. demographic variables Fnder < 21," 7ection !0e# one of the duties of a nurse is research. 8ecause nursing is a profession# nurses should contribute to the generation of nursing. 4rofessional nurses therefore should be euipped with +nowledge of the research process and be able to appl it. (2. )hich of the following is the correct seuence of steps in doing uantitative research% a. 1#!#"#&#( 1. ormulating research problem and purpose b. 1#&# (# !#" !. /evel opi ng plan for data co llecti on and anal si s c . 1#&# "# (#! ". o rmulati ng researc h uesti ons and hpothesi s d. 1#"#&#(#! &.
b. /ependent variable must be manipulated b the e'perimenter c. 7ubjects must be randoml assigned to groups d. control group must be incorporated within the design *(.)hich of the following is an e'ample of manipulation of variables in e'perimental research: a. ssigning subjects in a random manner b. iving the control group a standard treatment as basis for comparison c. Creating more groups d. 8 assigning subjects to varied conditions# giving intervention to one group and withholding it from another group. **. In e'perimental studies# the researcher should control biases. The bias that occurs when subjects +now that the are being involved in a stud is called: a. >awthorne eect b. >awthorne studies c. >alo eect *,. descriptive stud design that e'amines changes in the same subjects over an e'tended period of time is called: a. Cross-sectional design b. ?ongitudinal design c. Trend design *0. )hich of the following studies that e'amine relationships between variables do not establish causalit% a. E'perimental b. uasi-e'perimental c. Correlational *2. In e'perimental studies where two or more independent variables# with independent groups of subjects randoml assigned to various combination of levels of the two variables# the design is called a. 4retest-posttest control group design c. actorial design b. 4osttest-onl design ,5. )hen an e'periment lac+s randomi6ation or comparison groups it becomes which of the following: a. True e'perimental c. uasi-e'perimental b. 4seudo-e'perimental d. descriptive correlational ,1.)hich of the following is not true about sample si6e determination in research% a. The larger the sample# the more representative it is li+el to be b. The more representative a sample is# the more generali6able the results would be. c. ?arge samples can lead to erroneous results when not well selected d. The more generali6able the sample is# the more representative will be the results
,!. In a population of !#555 nurses in the list of professional nurses in the region# ou plan to have 05 as the desired sample si6e. Fsing sstematic sampling techniue# what will be our Dth factor% a. !5 b. 1( c. ( d. !&
01. )hich of the following tpes of research ma+es use of past events to answer a problem% a. E'post-facto analsis c. Case stud b. ield e'periment d. >istorical
,". )hat does this statement refer to% The level of educational attainment of the mothers is not correlated with their degree of compliance to the treatment regimen. a. ?imitation of the stud b. hpothesis c. assumptions
0!. )hich of the following actions of a researcher ensures anonmit% a. 3btain informed consent b. 4rovide eual treatment to all the subjects of the stud c.
,&.)hen a subject of a research verbali6es her intention to withdraw her participation in the stud# which is considered an ethical action on the part of the research% a. dvise him to put it in writing c. llow him to withdraw antime b.
c.
0". fter the analsis of the data# which of the following steps will the researcher do ne't% a. Interpret the data b. )rite the conclusion and recommendation c. 3rgani6e the data using freuenc distributions d. /isseminate the results of the stud 0&. If variable A increases as variable increase in a speci$ed population# this reJects which of the % a. 4redic ts a po sitive rel atio nshi p c. 4redicts no rel atio nship b. 4redicts a negative relationship 0(. )hen a researcher would li+e to stud the lived e'periences of patients with prostate cancer con$ned in their homes# most li+el the tpe of research that he will design is: a. True e'perimental b. ethnographic c. phenomenological 0*. The sampling techniue used in this +ind of stud would be a. Cluster sampling b. uota sampling c. sampling
purposive
0,. The tpe of setting that is appropriate for this +ind of stud would be: a. 9atural setting b. clinical setting c. controlled setting @ital
05. E'tending the implications of the $ndings from the sample studies to a larger population is called: a. enerali6ation b. Conclusion c. ?imitation
00. The outcome that the investigator is interested in understanding e'plaining# or predicting is described as: a. /ependent variable b. independent variable c. e'traneous variable 02. In a certain stud# the researcher was as+ed to consider the variable pain. 4ain is classi$ed in what scale o f measurement% a. 9ominal b. 3rdinal c. Interval d.
25. )hat part of the research report contains the bac+ground of the problem% a. Introduction b. ?iterature
cluster
2(. Identif the tpe of stud in the following research purpose: To e'amine the health practices of Ibanag woman and the impact of these practices to their families. a. 4henomenological b. ethnographic c. historical 2*. Identif the independent variable in the following e'ample of hpothesis. 3'gen inhalation b nasal cannula of up to * litersBminute does not aect oral temperature measurement with an electronic thermometer. a. 3'gen inhalation b cannula c. Electronic thermometer b. 3ral temperature measurement d. * liters per minutes 2,. special tpe of observation where researchers immerse themselves in the setting so the can e'perience the realit as the participants do is: a. 9atural observation b. participant-as-observer c. observer-asparticipant 20. Two nurse practitioners are as+ed to combine their researcher $ndings with those of some colleagues who are studing the same group of patients. The nurse practitioners response is to: a. agree because combining the $ndings will ma+e for some statisticall relevant research
b. agree on condition that proper credit is given to the institution where it was conducted c. refuse because of incongruence between stud purposes d. refuse because the did not obtain the proper patient consent to share their $ndings 22. fter reading a research article that describes a tool for measuring parental an'iet# a pediatric clinical nurse specialist uses the tool in a replication stud on the unit. The repealed uses of the tool provide inconsistent and inaccurate results. In critiuing the tool# the clinical specialist concludes that it is : a. not reliable and not li+el to be valid c. reliable but not valid b. reliable but not consistent d. valid but not reliable 155.The subjects of a research project have been informed that onl summar group data will be released. Two sta members reuest their patients test results. The principal investigators response is to: a. E'plain wh onl aggregate results can be shared b. =eet with the sta members individuall to determine wh the need the information c. 7et up a meeting to discuss the stud d. Tell the sta members that onl data projections are available on their patients
33/ ?FCD 9/ 3/ 8?E77L 9F<7I9 Purpose of Nursing Research: nswer if its 8asic
e. E'planator
b. c. d. e.
/issemination 4hase Implementation 4hase /esign 4hase nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
M nalsis and Interpretation 4hase MM0. Evaluating the data a. Conceptual 4hase b. /issemination 4hase c. Implementation 4hase d. /esign 4hase e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase M nalsis and Interpretation 4hase MM2. nal6ing the data a. Conceptual 4hase b. /issemination 4hase c. Implementation 4hase d. /esign 4hase e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase M /issemination 4hase MM15. Fsing research $ndings a. Conceptual 4hase b. /issemination 4hase c. Implementation 4hase d. /esign 4hase e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase /issemination 4hase MM11. f. g. h. i.
Communicating the $ndings Conceptual 4hase /issemination 4hase Implementation 4hase /esign 4hase nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
M /esign 4hase MM1!. Conducting a pilot stud a. Conceptual 4hase b. /issemination 4hase c. Implementation 4hase d. /esign 4hase e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase M Implementation 4hase MM1". /eveloping a budget and see+ing fund a. Conceptual 4hase b. /issemination 4hase c. Implementation 4hase d. /esign 4hase e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
M Conceptual 4hase MM1&. a. b. c. d. e.
Ethical considerations Conceptual 4hase /issemination 4hase Implementation 4hase /esign 4hase nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
M /esign 4hase MM1(. /etermining sampling plan a. Conceptual 4hase b. /issemination 4hase c. Implementation 4hase d. /esign 4hase e. nalsis and Interpretation 4hase M Conceptual 4hase MM1*. a. b. c. d. e.
7pecifing assumption and limitation Conceptual 4hase /issemination 4hase Implementation 4hase /esign 4hase nalsis and Interpretation 4hase
M Conceptual 4hase MM1,. a. b. c. d. e.
ormulating
Variables: nswers are Independent# Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH and dependent variables M dependent MM10. presumed eect Goutput or outcomeH a. Independent b. Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH c. dependent variables M intervening MM12. a. b. c.
Hypothesis: nswers the . with 9 ull hpothesis# /irectional hpothesis# lternative hpothesis# 9on /irectional hpothesis M 9ondirectional MM!1. merel states the presence or absence of a relationship a. 9ull hpothesis b. /irectional hpothesis c. lternative hpothesis d. 9on /irectional hpothesis M /irectional MM!!. NComatose patients placed on an air bed will have a lower incidence of s+in brea+down than those who are not.O a. 9ull hpothesis b. /irectional hpothesis c. lternative hpothesis d. 9on /irectional hpothesis M 9ull MM!". NThere is no dierence in incidence of s+in brea+down between patients who are and who are not placed on air bed.O a. 9ull hpothesis b. /irectional hpothesis c. lternative hpothesis d. 9on /irectional hpothesis M lternative MM!&. NThere is a dierence in incidence of s+in brea+down between patients who are and who are not placed on air bed.O a. 9ull hpothesis b. /irectional hpothesis c. lternative hpothesis d. 9on /irectional hpothesis
clouds the internal and e'ternal validit of the stud Independent Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH dependent variables 4?7. =TC>
M independent MM!5. antecedent a. Independent b. Intervening Ge'traneous or confoundingH c. dependent variables
Criteria to assess the quality of a stuy M > M!(. The e'tent to which results can be applied to other groups M M!*. /istorting or clouding inJuence that ma come from research participants# subjective inJuences of researcher# sample and sampling techniue# fault data collection and design. 8iases are controlled. M IM!,. The e'tent to which $ndings can be transferred to other settings. M E M!0. Con$dence in truth and interpretations GbelievabilitH of the data M / M!2. 3bjectivit M M"5. Fse of multiple sources for conclusions M 8 M"1. The soundness of the evidence# measuring what it intends to measure M M"!. The accurac and consistenc of information obtained in the stud M C M"". Consistenc and stabilit of evidence over time and over conditions
b. 7trati$ed . M4urposive MM"2. a+a Qudgmental 7ampling enerali6abilit a. Convenience 7ampling I. b. 7nowballing 7ampling Transferabilit c. uota 7ampling d. 4urposive 7ampling
Probability Sa!pling:nswers are 7imple
MConvenience MM&5. a+a ccidental 7ampling a. Convenience 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling c. uota 7ampling d. 4urposive 7ampling MuotaMM&1. researcher identi$es population strata GsubpopulationH and determines how man participants are needed from each stratum a. Convenience 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling c. uota 7ampling d. 4urposive 7ampling M4urposiveMM&!. researcher decides to purposel select subjects who are judged to be tpical of the population or particularl +nowledgeable about the issues under stud a. Convenience 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling c. uota 7ampling d. 4urposive 7ampling M7nowballingMM&". ever sample identi$es and refers other persons who meet the inclusion GeligibilitH criteria a. Convenience 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling c. uota 7ampling d. 4urposive 7ampling
MConvenienceMM&&. using most convenientl available people as participants a. Convenience 7ampling b. 7nowballing 7ampling c. uota 7ampling d. 4urposive 7ampling Collection of "ata: )rite GH for uestionnaire# G8H for Interview# GCH 3bservation G/H
Ethical Principles in Research: nswer G1H for 8ene$cence# G!H for Qustice and G"H for uman /ignit uman /ignit &2. uman /ignit 8ene$cence (5. protection of participants from e'ploitation a. for 8ene$cence b. for Qustice
c. for uman /ignit "escripti#e Research Approach: ou ma answer G1H 7urve# G!H nalsis 7tud# G"H Causal Comparative# G&H .
C. Causal Comparative /.
A#antages of E$peri!ental "esign%Research an Non&e$peri!ental "esign%Research : )rite N if it is an advantage of 9on-e'perimental
G 9 H,5. Translation of $ndings is more acceptable to consumers of research. a' N if it i s an advantage of 9on-e'perimental
