1 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM
INTRODUCTION Decades have marked the beginning of a fast changing world. It has become the time when when findin finding g a job gets gets toug toughe herr due due to the increa increasin sing g deman demands ds of employ employers ers,, growin growing g compe competen tence ce of job seeke seekers rs and and the sudd sudden en growth growth of the number number of other other quali qualifie fied d job job applicants. Being aware of these employment problems and other possible barriers, graduates and present job seekers would compile all the clippings from the classified ads of newspapers; go from office to office for resume. ome are surfing on the internet for job openings openings that would best fit their line of interest, e!pertise, desired salary or just settle with being under employed. "ducation is an important factor that contributes to nation#s growth where they produce comp compet eten entt peop people le who will will help help for for the the solu soluti tion on of one one of the the coun countr try y#s prob proble lems ms unemployment. $ %ertia %ertiary ry educati education on gained gained from universi universities ties and college colleges s especiall especially y has its paramount roles in developing the society, and for training the future elite. &niversities nowadays nowadays all over the country offer many courses for students to serve as a training ground for them to enhance their skills, abilities and to gain more knowledge about the degree degree that they are taking taking up. 'any courses courses may suit their their speciali speciali(ati (ations ons and skills skills as individuals so that they are able to become more confident with the course they are enrolled in. In the )hilippines, one university stands out in the Bicol region in providing quality education education and e!cellent graduates. graduates. %he Bicol &niversity *B&+ aims to produce graduates of any course to be ready to compete in the real world. In its thrust of becoming a university of e!cellence, Bicol &niversity offers a wide array of courses and programs that are competitive
2 locally and globally. %he university operates in campuses composed of $- colleges, offering $$ curricular programs and provides complete education from pre/school to graduate level. It has produced thousands of competent graduates, many of whom e!celled in various fields such as agriculture, fisheries, accountancy accountancy,, engineering, social work, nursing and communications to name a few. In the field of communications, one of the courses offered in Bicol &niversity is the Bachelor of 0rts in 1ournalism program. %he said course is designed to provide students with knowledge and skills in the different aspects of writing for newspapers, maga(ines, as well as in radio and television broadcasting. %he program aims to produce graduates who are ethical, competent competent and have a deep understanding understanding of media#s influence on the society as a whole. %he 0B in 1ournalism 1ournalism program program takes - years to complete. complete.
Bachelor of 0rts in 1ournalism aims to produce professional professional graduates in different different fields of print print media media and adverti advertising sing,, public public relation relations, s, governm government ent service service and non/gov non/governm ernment ent organi(ation. %he course provides students with necessary communication skills and technical competencies that will prepare them to be more productive in their chosen fields. It helps in devel develop oping ing critic critical al and and analy analytic tical al future future media media practi practitio tione ners rs with with a high high sense sense of social social responsibility responsibility who can contribute to the freedom of speech, of e!pression and of the press. %he said program also aims to generate knowledge relevant and responsive to the demands of communication and other types of media industries.
1ournalism is a form of writing that tells people about things that really happened and characteri(ed by direct presentation of facts or description of events without an attempt at interpretation, but that they might not have known about already. 2raduates of this course can work at newspapers, maga(ines, maga(ines, and websites or for %3 or radio stations. %he profession to be in the field of media is the another factor on where the idea of writing is being impart.
2 locally and globally. %he university operates in campuses composed of $- colleges, offering $$ curricular programs and provides complete education from pre/school to graduate level. It has produced thousands of competent graduates, many of whom e!celled in various fields such as agriculture, fisheries, accountancy accountancy,, engineering, social work, nursing and communications to name a few. In the field of communications, one of the courses offered in Bicol &niversity is the Bachelor of 0rts in 1ournalism program. %he said course is designed to provide students with knowledge and skills in the different aspects of writing for newspapers, maga(ines, as well as in radio and television broadcasting. %he program aims to produce graduates who are ethical, competent competent and have a deep understanding understanding of media#s influence on the society as a whole. %he 0B in 1ournalism 1ournalism program program takes - years to complete. complete.
Bachelor of 0rts in 1ournalism aims to produce professional professional graduates in different different fields of print print media media and adverti advertising sing,, public public relation relations, s, governm government ent service service and non/gov non/governm ernment ent organi(ation. %he course provides students with necessary communication skills and technical competencies that will prepare them to be more productive in their chosen fields. It helps in devel develop oping ing critic critical al and and analy analytic tical al future future media media practi practitio tione ners rs with with a high high sense sense of social social responsibility responsibility who can contribute to the freedom of speech, of e!pression and of the press. %he said program also aims to generate knowledge relevant and responsive to the demands of communication and other types of media industries.
1ournalism is a form of writing that tells people about things that really happened and characteri(ed by direct presentation of facts or description of events without an attempt at interpretation, but that they might not have known about already. 2raduates of this course can work at newspapers, maga(ines, maga(ines, and websites or for %3 or radio stations. %he profession to be in the field of media is the another factor on where the idea of writing is being impart.
3 0B 1ournalism is one of the courses of Bicol &niversity, 4ollege 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters. 5etters. It is designed to develop and harness students# potentials to become effective and relevant media practitioners in the future.
tudying 1ournalism is very important to people for them to understand the world around them, them, to be infor informed med of the the curre current nt even events ts and and issue issues s that that is happ happeni ening ng in their their societ society y. 0ccording to Bob 6ranklin, one of the authors of the 78ey 4oncepts in 1ournalism9, 1ournalism9, 1ournalism makes people slow down and crane their necks at the scene of a road accident :, which means people tend to be curious of the happenings in their surroundings. %hey are paying for some written articles about matter of which they were unaware. %his study also seek for the proposal of the 1ournalism programme for the secondary level of education which is in high school, for them to be ready for the future purposes of taking 1ournalism as a course that they will take in college or after graduating in high school. %his will be more e!posure to local events in the society as well as current events that may help them to become critical thinkers as well as become more socially linked in the society. 0B 1ournalism has a very high impact in life and career and has a variety of job opportunities after one graduates. Based on 1ournalism "ducation it seem as improving the quality of journalism by improv improving ing the quali quality ty of being being journa journalis lists. ts. 6or 6or them them to know know the the kind kind of educ educati ation on futur future e journalism receive matters because journalists matter among the many factors that taking up 1ournalism :. In the book 7%aking 1ournalism eriously9 by Barbie eli(er, 1ournalism refers to the actions that have come to be associated with news work. - %he profession covers gathering, handling of dissemination of information for the mass media. 0ccording to 5ee ". Isaacson and Duane Brown, in their book entitled 74areer Information 4ounselling and Development, careers are unique to each person and created by
4 what one chooses or does not choose.
>
In this matter, some of the graduates seek for the job not much
related to their course graduated because of financial matter. %he researchers decided to choose the 0B 1ournalism graduates belonging to batches ?$? to ?$. %his will enable them to see the trend or changes as well as the pattern in terms of job or profession that the 1ournalism graduates currently have now. @esearchers used an advanced approach for the study to get information as an output for the )rint and Broadcast 'edia Department#s reference. %he data will serve as a basis for future planning activities in improving the curriculum of the 0B 1ournalism program. %herefore, it is indeed significant to determine the status of the graduates as well as the relevance of knowledge and skills that they have gained in the course of their study to their current job or profession. %his study traced the employment status of the 0B 1ournalism graduates from batches ?$?/?$ ?$?/?$ to help the future graduates graduates of the said course to be ready ready for their possible jobs and profession and as well as to visuali(e themselves in the real world.
5 %he present study entitled 70 %racer %racer tudy on the "mployment "mployment tatus of 0B 1ournalism 2raduate 2raduates s of Bicol Bicol &niversit &niversity y 4ollege 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters from Batches Batches ?$?/?$ ?$?/?$ would would provide feedback to the )rint and Broadcast 'edia Department regarding the performance of 0B 1ournalism graduates. %he study aimed to e!tend the valuable information on what specific skills skills of 1ourna 1ournalis lism m majors majors e!cel e!cel in and and those those they they need need to improv improve e on. on. It showe showed d the demographic and employment profile of the graduates and determined the skills gained by the graduates graduates that were able utili(ed in their jobs. 6urthermore, the researchers pointed out that the 0B 1ournalism graduates graduates from batches ?$?/?$ ?$?/?$ use the skills acquired in school to their current job. =verall, the study provided significant feedback from the graduates that can be used towards revising the program#s curriculum and make it more responsive to the needs of the job market. Statement Statement of the Problem %his study focused on the status of employment of the 0B 1ournalism graduates of Bicol &niversi &niversity ty 4ollege 4ollege of 0rts 0rts and 5etters from batches batches ?$?/?$. ?$?/?$. It sought sought to answer answer the following questionsA $. hat is the demograph demographic ic profile profile of the 0B 1ournalis 1ournalism m 2raduates 2raduates from batches batches ??C/ ??C/ ?$A a. 0ge b. 2ender c. 4ivi 4ivill tat tatus d. "duca "ducatio tional nal 0ttain ttainmen mentt e. 'onth 'onthly ly Inco Income me0n 0nnu nual al Inco Income me . hat is the "mployment "mployment )rofile of of the graduates graduates in terms terms of the the followingA followingA a. Indus Industry try tha thatt they they belo belong ng in. in. b. "mpl "mploy oyme ment nt tat tatus us :. hat are are the skills gained gained by 1ourna 1ournalism lism gradua graduates tes that that they were able able to utili(e utili(e in their jobsE -. hat inform informatio ation n could be be generat generated ed to create create a databa databaseE seE
6 Scope an Del!m!tat!on %he present study focused on the "mployment tatus of 0B/1ournalism graduates of Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters *B&405+ from the batches ?$?/?$. It gave insights to 0B 1ournalism students of Bicol &niversity on what job they would get or on what companies or agencies they can apply in after they graduate. %his also served as a tracking tool to trace their status. %his study tracked down the jobs of the graduates in conjunction with the factors indicated in the statement of the problem such as, the demographic and employment profile of the graduates, which verifies their status of employment. %his study also focused on what job the 1ournalism graduates are in. %he study is limited to the graduates of 0B/1ournalism of the years ?$?/?$. It did not include other graduates from other years and other courses in the 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters. S!"n!f!cance of the St#$ %his research is significant to the followingA Pr!nt an Broaca%t Me!a Department& %his will help them determine the strengths and weaknesses of the 0B 1ournalism course based on the responses of the graduates. It will also help to determine what specific areas they should focus more and further enhance in order to make the program more responsive towards preparing the students for their future professions. AB 'o#rnal!%m St#ent%& %his will help them reali(e whether the knowledge and skills developed in the program would be useful to them in their future careers. It will also encourage them to appreciate and pursue their course.
7 (ra#ate% of AB 'o#rnal!%m& %his will help them to have insights about the present status of their batch mates and for them to keep in touch and to have updates to them through knowing their employment status. Colle"e of Art% an Letter%& %his will help the college track the 0B 1ournalism graduates with the use of the database. %his will also help the college in improving the course#s curriculum through the recommendation of the graduates. Re%earcher%. %his will teach them to value time, patience and hard work. %hey will also become more sensitive and knowledgeable about the profession they are studying. )#t#re re%earcher%. %his will serve as a guide or reference in their future studies on the subject matter. %his will also help them to continue tracer study in the future.
8 NOTES
$
0licia . Bustos, "d. D. and occoro4."spritu, )h. D., $CF<, )sychological, 0nthrophological and ociological 6oundations of "ducationA @evised "dition II,
@obert Giles, H$CC
Bob 6ranklin, 'artin ammer, 'ark anna, 'arrie 8insey and 1ohn ". @ichardson, ??<, 8ey 4oncepts in 1ournalism tudies, 02" )ublications Inc.p. $-/$> -
Barbie eli(er, ??-, %aking 1ournalism eriously; Gews of the 0cademy *age )ublications, Inc., , %housand =aks, 4alifornia+ <
5ee ". Isaacson and Duane Brown, 4areer Information, 4areer 4ounselling and 4areer Development - th "dition *0 3iadcom 4ompany, $CC>+.p.>/F
0driano 0. 0rcelo and Bikas B. anyal, $CF>"mployment and 4areer =pportunities after 2raduation, *%he )hilippine "!perience+.&G"4=.p.$/: >
&G"4= Bangkok, ?$, 2raduate "mployability in 0sia, &G"4= Bangkok 0sia and )acific @egional Bureau for "ducation. p.> httpAunesdoc.unesco.orgimages??$??$<>$<>?e.pdf , Date 0ccessedA $?F$:.
9 CHAPTER * RE+IE, O) RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
%his chapter presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in/depth search done by the researchers. It also includes the synthesis of the state of the art, theoretical and conceptual framework to fully understand the research and lastly, the definition of terms for better comprehension of the study.
Relate L!terat#re %racer study is a study to trace graduates of higher education institute urveys , 0lumni @esearches , 2raduate career tracking
or
.
2raduate
6ollow/up tudy are other term for
it.$%hrough a tracer study, an institution is able to evaluate the quality of education given to their graduates by knowing the graduates placements and positions in the society which later can be used as a benchmark in producing more qualified and competitive graduates. %here are books that can be used as a tool for studying different aspects of education and for studying the present topic which is a study on the employment status of 0B 1ournalism graduates of ?$?/ ?$. In the book, "mployment and 4areer =pportunities after 2raduation by 0rcelo and anyal, the e!istence of a huge number of educated unemployed can lead to a certain e!tent of political instability in a country, for they are being among
the educated class and
knowledgeable about the privileges society can offer, feel doubly deprived. In this matter, the analysis of the unemployment situation in the )hilippines shown that the young graduates is still in the job/hunting stage. %his book is concerned with the graduates of 0B 1ournalism that will be searching for jobs after they graduated. 0lso, when the trainings and learnings in the journalism program is used on the jobs suited for them.
10 In the "mployment and "mployability )rofile of a elect 2roup of 6ilipino 4ollege 2raduate by 0llan B. de 2u(man and Belinda 3. de 4astro, states that graduate need to develop a personal skills, qualities and e!periences that enable to them to compete in the labor market. : %he author wants these graduate create an empirical portrait that describes the aspects of employment of graduates of an e!cellence university in the )hilippines to identify policy into imperatives for a greater relevance of higher education curricula to industry needs and e!pectations. %he )hilippines may go beyond the standing of employment in the country, rights and importance should be understood. 0s specified in the book of 5abor "conomics by 4ristobal '. )agoso, it stated that in view of low literacy rates in rising unemployment in developing countries become imperative that greater educational opportunities should be provided for the great proportion of adult population as well as the large number of youth outside the formal school system to help them acquire further knowledge and skill thereby improve their livelihood and strengthen the country. =n the book 4ontemporary ocial )roblems and Issues, it stated that the educational levels and literacy rates of workers in the )hilippines are among the highest in 0sia, but technical, manual and managerial are poorly developed and in short supply. %here is an over/ abundance of college graduates that most especially in 'anila area were in the field of education, law and other professionals e!ceed in demand to find employment appropriate to his educational training.< %he authors wanted to show how the graduates of 0B journalism used their skills and trainings to gain and develop the technical, manual and managerial skills that 6ilipino workers lack of. %his is the reali(ation that even college graduates may find it difficult to be employed if they are not well/equipped of trainings and programs that their college had provided.
11 6eli!berto 'ercado in his study entitled, 0 %racer tudy of '"&6 2raduates intended to trace graduates from their school origin to their place of employment to obtain the needed information, the research used questionnaire, known as their survey instrument, in connection with this the present study do the same in gathering information#s. ith the same manner the present study intended also to trace graduates employment status "mployment is the capacity of an individual to showcase his talent and to use the trainings gathered in the course, %homas )owers in his book "ducating for 4areers stated the notion that marketable skills provided today#s crop of worker#s employment opportunities.
>
%he
statement of )owers is relevant to the present study because he pointed out that education is very important in having the marketability and general skills needed in finding an appropriate job. In this study, it helps to develop such skills among the college graduates for them to find or to get an appropriate job. @obert . 'cIntosh on his book9 "mployee 'anagement tandards9 aimed to determine that the employee#s performance on the job and attitude about the job would depend on the degree to which the manager fulfils the needs. F %he author associated that to the employees that will look at the performance and attitude towards the job that will be strongly affected by the degree on where the superior may reach the fulfilment on the job desires. %he book, &nemployment and the Dual 5abor 'arket stressed that the unemployment is the outgrowth of a process of job search where workers have limited information about the labor market. =n the other hand, people who first begin looking for jobs lack basic information will help the graduates to disseminate the rejection of jobs to higher e!pectations. C %his book mainly wanted to view that job searching is a wide/process action where in job/seekers should gain more knowledge or information that will reach their satisfaction on what and where to find jobs that will bring out their profession.
12 'cIntosh, in his book )racticing Better uman @elations aimed to determine that the quality of a person#s work life should improve as more and more needed values are satisfy by that individuals job and career progression. $? %his aided that the employee must improve the quality of work life in determining the aspects of work situation for 0B 1ournalism graduates. 0lso, this will relate to how the graduates progress their career as graduates of the 0B 1ournalism program. )hilippine society nowadays has encountered so many problems in terms of labor or employment. 0s it is stated in the book, 5abor/ =nly 4ontracting in a 74abo9 "conomy that some economist would justify labor/ only contracting as our only weapon to remain competitive. $$ %herefore, some of the workers are seeking for better employment opportunities abroad for a high salary. In the case of the graduates nowadays, their first problem is seeking for a job after graduation. 8nowing that it is very hard to find a job suitably to their course right away after graduation that may cause to trigger them to work not aligned to the profession they graduate for their usual reason is the salary that they can get right away. ome go abroad to find their destiny or for some reason that they will get a high salary than to continue their profession as a 1ournalist if there is no salary increase. Relate St#!e% 4ampus, Guyda and Icaranom,7"mployment tatus of the "nglish 2raduates ??/ ??F9. %his study aimed to present a feedback mechanism for the department and college to come up with a more productive, competitive and effective program for the students.
$
%his study
presented the possible reasons on why there are graduates who are unemployed and employed. In the same manner with the study conducted, it leads to show the programs used in providing 0B 1ournalism graduates adequate skills to help them for professional careers, but the program must be open to changes that would effectively lead graduates to a better employment.
13 1arito 3erona, 70 %racer tudy of the "mployment tatus of )&)J4 0K ??-/??<9, determined the general profile and the present employment status of the respondents who are the graduates of )olytechnic &niversity of the )hilippines academic year ??-/??<. $:%his research tackles about a method which is primarily intended to locate graduates of academic institution, past recipient of scholarship grants, former participants and among other situation in order to collect data and update information about this type of students. %his kind of study is also a tool to generate or influence decision making and planning of a certain institution about the development of the curriculum. It is likewise regulating document efficiency and support on the demographic profile of a certain institution that can be measured through the quality of its graduates. %he research %racer tudy of the 2raduates of 4ertificate in %eaching )hysical "ducation *4)"+ from $CC< to ??<, a tracer study of the graduates of the faculties of 0gricultures and 0rts, &niversity of Gigeria, Gsukka, answered the profile of the 4)" graduates in terms of job position and the employment in terms of job encountered in the 4)". 'ajority of the 4)" graduates are males. Based on the findings of the study, most of the 4)" graduates are in the permanent status of employment. %hey are employ in the national government with the monthly salary of $?,??? )hp to $<,??? )hp a month. %he topmost encountered by the 4)" graduates in that they are not given equal opportunities like those of the education graduates.
$-
%his study may relate to similar study in terms of the employment standing or status of the graduates. It also focuses on the job position that is also one important factor in employing a job because as graduate of a particular course, the job should go along with the profession that they graduated. Bea, Daep, 6ungo, 5orilla, 'iraflor 1r., 'uni and =rdoLe(, 7"mployer#s @eview on 0B "nglish 2raduates of Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters K ??/??C9, the study showed that newly established private companies in 0lbay hire most of the 0B "nglish
14 graduates. "mployers of 0B "nglish graduates find their job performance and attitude to be very satisfactory, it is more appropriate to use communication skills and skills that should be imposed depends on the line of work one engages in. $< In this study, the researchers are interested to know if the 0B 1ournalism graduates will find their job performance, personally development, professionalism, office management and time management will be obtained as well. 0 job market offers job trainings to equip employers to develop work environment. Belen, 7"mployment )rospects for 0B "nglish 2raduates of ??C9/ aimed to determine the job opportunities available for 0B "nglish 2raduates of ??C, the research aims to know the qualifications require from the 0B "nglish graduates that would give them the edge in the job market in terms of academic skills and special skills. It is also about to assess the training needs required by the job market that awaits the 0B "nglish graduates. $ %he findings of the researchers will reflected the idea that to the generally skills be functional in the job great demands, special skills are required to enhance specific skills needed in work. o, graduates will enhance competitiveness and to develop one#s potential to be suitable for a particular job. 'adriaga and 5ucila, 71ob =pportunities for Broadcasting tudents9, discussed that job e!pectations of the nd and : rd year 0B Broadcasting students were almost inclined in the media industry and practice their field of e!pertise. $> %his will give an overview to the kind of job that will fit 0B 1ournalism graduates. @aquesa D. 'acaraub, 7"mployment 'otivation of elected 'edia )ractitioners in 5ega(pi 4ity9 showed that respondents were motivated to work because of good relationships with their officemates. 'edia practitioners are the lowest paid workers and are e!ploited; some are not receiving regular salary only allowance or talent fee; and are required to solicit advertisement for their salary. $F 0s shown in the study, some of the respondents claimed that they are satisfied with the work they are motivated with their officemates. 0lso, the monthly
15 income they receive and the kind of workplace reaches their satisfaction. It is significant to the present study since graduates will e!perience the types of satisfactory on motivation at work and providing good quality of relationship between co/workers. 0lcovendas and "spares, 7 0 %racer tudy of 0B "nglish onor 2raduates from $CF>/ ??C9
the study discussed that 0B "nglish honor graduates are gainfully employed have
sufficient annual income, have a tendency of staying long in the company, have moderate satisfaction in their present job, indicating a lack of sense of fulfilment in their capabilities, and a feeling of insufficiency in the returns they get for their hard work.
$C
%he study of 0lcovendas and
"spares is relevant because in the study conducted by the researchers the results shows that academic performances in school really affects the employment status of the graduates. %hrough the honors# that they acquire, it helps them to have higher positions compared to other graduates. %he researchers found out that when it comes to the level of job satisfaction, honor graduates are found to be satisfied with their present job. ith these, the graduates will improve learning and communication through e!periences. 6urthermore, graduate students e!pose to real, actual and practical situations such as seminars, workshops and conferences are strategies that may better prepare them for future employment. "mployers believed that applicants who have undergone job training are assumed to be more knowledgeable and production. 0ccording to Domingue( and @omero, 7"mployment tatus of 0B "nglish 2raduates of Bicol &niversity9 0B "nglish graduates are highly employable in both private and government sectors depending on the student#s interest. 0lso, they are competent enough in relation to the job for there are respondents who have problem with their co/workers in terms of their differences in terms of principles and ideas which are e!pected in an agency.?
16 In the study, 7"mployment tatus of 0B "nglish 2raduates of Bicol &niversity9 the researchers are interested on the trainings acquired in 0B 1ournalism program that they can easily adapt to the society specifically in their present job. %he proposed study also aimed established to be well equipped, improvement of interests, competency and developing working ability. Gelita '. 5alican, 7%racer urvey of 0griculture 2raduates9 where the 4ollege of 0griculture of &niversity of the )hilippines 5os BaMos traced its graduates, their aim also was to assess its curriculum and discuss the relevance of its productivity with the present condition. In the findings of the study found out that, employers prefer specialists rather than generalists and the employers find the graduates effective, efficient and cooperative. %hey also find the graduates knowledgeable, dependable and resourceful however, many employers describe &)5B graduates as academically inclined, having a know it/all attitude although with assertive personality.$
Theoret!cal )rame-or. %he researchers adapted the 2eneral ystemNs theory by "dward Deming *1. orine, $CC:+ to support this study. %he theory generally states that 7the success in any system requires more than best efforts and hard work from the administrators9. %he most serious observation is that majority of problems to Deming; roughly, C
17 materials, methods and equipment are the components that form a network in support of common characteristicsA purpose, input, process and output *1. orine, $CC:+ : )urpose determines the thrust and direction of a system input, on the other hand, is characteri(ed as the primary element that motivates an action of a system. 'eanwhile, processes are the sequences of work stages that transform inputs to outputs and output is what the system produces.
Belo- !% an !ll#%trat!on of Theoret!cal )rame-or.
18
nput
Process
!utput
"eed#ac
%$)!"#re 1& The Theoret!cal )rame-or.
Concept#al )rame-or. %he figure shows the conceptual framework of the study. &sing the illustration of the %heoretical 6ramework it can be asserted that a student gained many e!periences during his
19 stay in school. tudents cultivate themselves to become productive citi(ens of their community after graduation. 6ollowing this line of thought, if Bicol &niversity succeeds in properly educating the students who are enrolled in the different programs especially in 0B 1ournalism program it serves as an output they will be able to secure a high quality of education for these students, thus providing better chances for them to land a high paying job. 2raduates have e!perienced skills that develop hisher skills to become more productive like being enrolled in an internship program proposed by the department, showing off their talents and skills in the e!tracurricular activities inside and outside the premise of the school. By that, it serves as a process for their academic performance, for them to have a career that they wanted to become. 2ood performance of the graduates in their current job has become their self/evaluation for what have learned over all during their stay in school.
Belo- !% an !ll#%trat!on of the Concept#al )rame-or.&
20
nput
Process
!utput
' * ! S
+ c t a l a n r d a is n a e l n d r
' o $ r e
* iu a m ilr
i a g s
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r c ) E in r d n r p ia P c d e h r e u r a s u ia n lr t e d e n s , a o r s c
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o e n
r m + c a t n i c & ie t i e
)!"#re *& The Concept#al Para!"m of the St#$
S$nthe%!% of the State of the Art
21 In the @elated 5iterature, education is an investment made by students in order to enhance their capabilities in certain aspects in their lives. It is the responsibility of the school to facilitate students in deciding and planning what job they wanted to slot in. imilarly the related studies showed great relevance to this proposition. It supported the claim of being unique of all studies conducted, though it also agreed on employment and the factors that affects the graduates in choosing the job, their skills that they found least and most useful in their current job will really help the students to understand that there are lot of job opportunities in lined with their course after they graduated. (ap/br!"e b$ the St#$ %he researcher#s review of @elated 5iterature and tudies has been made, upon various researchers a gap is discerned that no study embarked upon the same researches in the 1ournalism Department. Based from related materials found no study has found out to the study on the same topic in the 1ournalism Department, e!cept for the books that cater to its parts many have studied about the employment status, job satisfaction, and the factors affecting the performance in their job. Go study traced the employment status of the 0B 1ournalism graduates of Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters specifically from batches ?$? to ?$. @esearchers also found out that the present study was the first who will create a database of the graduates, for students who will conduct the same study for them to easily trace and get information about the graduates. %his is the gap bridged by the present study.
Def!n!t!on of Term%
22 6or better understanding of the study, the researchers gave several terms that were defined conceptually and operationally as used in the study. AB 'o#rnal!%m. It is a course or degree which studies about writing news and other forms of mass media. In this study, it refers to the degree that the Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters offers to the students, in which people need to know that the course has various jobs that graduates could acquire after graduation. AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate%. In the study, it refers to the Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters batches ?$?/?$ who satisfactory completed the requirements of the four/year course, and they were used as the subject of the study. Databa%e. @efers to the data of the graduates that categori(e the followingA 6amily Game, 2iven Game, 'iddle Game, 2ender, )ermanent 0ddress, )resent "mployment tatus, 4ontact Gumbers and Game of 4ompany that be able to fill its alumni directory and can easily access information and contact the 0B 1ournalism graduates. Demo"raph!c Prof!le. In this study, it refers to the graduate#s personal profile in terms of age, gender, civil status, highest educational attainment. Emplo$e. =ne who presently working at a job including the part time workers. -%he respondents who found a job related to their course or has a job. Emplo$ment Prof!le. It considers personal qualities as important as academic background, professional skills and previous employment e!periences. < In this study, it refers to the information of the graduates of the 0B 1ournalism to know whether they were presently employed or for the researchers to know if they current employment status.
23 Emplo$ment Stat#%. @efers to the work upon which is or may be engage; occupation of trade chose by the graduates to work in the study, it refers to the state of the respondents when it comes to the employment whether they are employed, underemployed or unemployed. In#%tr$. It refers to the nature of the graduates whether they are employed to private offices, organi(ations or business or working in a government offices or agencies. 'ob. %his is a work of a definite e!tent of a character specially one done in the course of one#s profession or occupation. In the study job refers to the work that the 0B 1ournalism graduates will have as soon as they graduated in the university. S.!ll% "a!ne. It refers to the learning, ability or proficiencies of a graduate achieve in the college that can be a tool for them in to be employed in their respective target working place. Tracer St#$. It refers to the study to trace graduates of higher education institute. 2raduate urveys , 0lumni @esearches, 2raduate career tracking or 6ollow/up tudy are other term for it. > In this study, it refers to as a tool for data base for the graduates of 0B 1ournalism Batches ?$?/?$. Uneremplo$e. It refers to those who have worked not enough to do or not being used to have capacity in a job. FIn this study, it refers to the respondents who were hired not related to their fields of speciali(ation. Unemplo$e. @efers to those who are not currently working or the people who failed to look for a job, the graduates who were not able to find a job or those who decided not to work.
C
24 NOTES
$
araldchomburg,?$$, %ag <, ,httpAdokterphi.wordpress.comtagtracer/study
0rchivesA tracer
study 0
'ay
0driano 0. 0rcelo and Bikas 4. anyal, $CF>, "mployment and 4areer =pportunities after 2raduation, &nesco, p.$: :
0llan B. De 2u(man and Belinda 3. de 4astro, "mployment and "mployability profile of a select group of 6ilipino 4ollege graduate httpAcommerce.ust.edu.phinde!.phpresearch/ areafaculty/researchF>//employment/and/employability/profile/of/a/select/group/of/filipino/ college/graduates/??F -
4ristobal '. )agoso, $CF:, 5abor economics, , p. F
<
4ustodiosa 0. anches and 6e B. 0gpao, $CC>, 4ontemporary ocial )roblems and Issues %hird edition $CC>, Gew 2ala!y 5ithographic 0rts and )rinting )ress, , p.$C
4es 0(ucena, $CC$, %he )hilippine 5abor 4ode *with comments and cases+,8alayaan )ress 'arketing "nt., Inc., , 4hapter II, 0rticle ::. p. $$ >
%homas )owers, "ducating for 4areers,
F
@obert . 'cIntosh, $C$>, "mployee 'anagement tandards *%he 5.1. 'inor 6ood evice tandards eries+ 6ourth "dition; @obert . 'cIntosh @estaurant and Institutional 'anagement 'ichigan tate &niversity "ast 5ansing, 'ichigan. C
)eter B. Doeringer and 'ichael 1. )iore, $CF?, &nemployment and the Dual 5abor 'arket, @ichard D. Irwin Inc.,. $?
@obert . 'cIntosh, $C$>, "mployee 'anagement tandards *%he 5.1. 'inor 6ood evice tandards eries+ 6ourth "dition; @obert . 'cIntosh @estaurant and Institutional 'anagement 'ichigan tate &niversity "ast 5ansing, 'ichigan. $$
@hodora 2. 8apunan and @od ). 8apunan, ??, 5abor/=nly 4ontracting in a 74abo9 "conomy, 4P" )ublishing Inc.. $
GiLa 1ane G. 4ampus, 'yra 2lor B. Guyda and 4hristina Irish 3. Icaranom, 'arch ?$$, "mployment tatus of the "nglish 2raduates ??/??F, B& 5ega(pi 4ity,. $:
5evy 1arito 3erona, 0K/??-/??<, 0 %racer tudy of the "mployment tatus of )&)J4 0K ??-/??<, httpAwww.scribd.comdoc?<$0/%racer/tudy/of/the/ "mployment/tatus/of/)&)J4/, Date accessedA ?>$-$:.
$-
2race 0kudo0nyanwu, ???, 2raduates# %ransition 6rom tudy to "mploymentA 0 tudy of the 0rts and 0griculture 2raduates of &niversity of Gigeria in the orld of ork,
25 Department of ome cience and Gutrition &niversity of Gigeria, Gsukka; ubmitted to 00& 1&G", httpArc.aau.orgfilesanyanwu.pdf , Date accessedA ?>$-$: $<
"laine B. Bea, tephanie 4risanda 3. Daep, 1irvanni 4. 6ungo, 0le!a 'ae '. 5orilla, 1esus 4. 'iraflor 1r., 4hristine 2. 'uni an 'ona 5i(a G. =rdoLe(, 'arch ?$, "mployer#s @eview on 0B "nglish 2raduates of Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters K ??/??C, B& 5ega(pi 4ity. $
1am 4harmaine '. Belen, )reciosa'ariss 4. Juiamno and 'ary 1une '. abucor, '0@4 ?$?, "mployment )rospects for 0B "nglish 2raduates of ??C, B& 5ega(pi 4ity. $>
@uth '. 'adriaga and 5enjoy G. 5ucila, 'arch ?$, 1ob =pportunities for Broadcasting tudents, B& 5ega(pi 4ity. $F
@aquesa D. 'acaraub, 'arch ?$, "mployment 'otivation of elected 'edia )ractitioners in 5ega(pi 4ity, bu5ega(pi 4ity. $C
@i(elle 4. 0lcovendas and 'a. 4hristine 1oy B. "spares, 'arch ?$:, 0 %racer tudy of 0B "nglish onor 2raduates from $CF>/??C, B& 5ega(ppi 4ity. ?
0ldrin 1ay 0. Domingue( and 1ayson 0. @omero, 'arch ??C, "mployment tatus of 0B "nglish 2raduates of Bicol &niversity, B& 5ega(pi 4ity. $ Gelita '. 5alican, %racer urvey of 0griculture 2raduates, "D0 hangri 5a otel, =ctober $/, ??> httpAwww.nscb.gov.phncs$?thG4papersinvitedO?papersips/ ?ips?/?$.pdf Date accessedA ?$$-$:
2illies, Dee 0nn, $CF, Gursing management a systems approach. )hiladelphiaA . B. aunders 4ompany, </>-. :
Ibid.
-
%he 'erriam ebster Dictionary, *'erriam ebster Incorporated pringfield 'assachussets, ??-+, )age : <
illiam 4ollins, ons, httpAdictionary.reference.combrowsete , ??C
4ollins
"nglish
Dictionary,
1onathan 5. 2oldman, ??<, %he Gew )hilipine 4omprehensive Dictionary.
>
araldchomburg, 'ay <, ?$$ %ag 0rchivesA tracer study0httpAdokterphi.wordpress.comtagtracer/study F %he 'erriam ebster Dictionary, *'erriam ebster Incorporated pringfield 'assachussets, ??-+, )age >F$ C
%he 'erriam ebster Dictionary, *'erriam ebster Incorporated pringfield 'assachussets, ??-+, )age >F:
CHAPTER
26 RESEARCH DESI(N AND METHODOLO(2
%his chapter contains the research and the study of the course undertaken and method that will give detailed information of the overall research method used. %he relevance of the study will be found also in this chapter wherein the data, respondents of the study and the gathering procedures used. Re%earch Metho %he researchers made use of the descriptive survey method. It is a way of finding out or getting information through asking questions or using a questionnaire. $%hrough this survey method of research were able to find out whether the 0B 1ournalism student graduates of the year ?$?/?$ used their graduated profession or career in their present job or if they are employed in connection to their line of business. It will be able to know the current employment status of the graduates and lastly, it will be seen the problems and the reasons of graduates in choosing the job, their benefits and salary that they get and the e!pectations to their job. So#rce% of Data %he 0B 1ournalism graduates are the primary sources of data where in the researchers send questionnaire for them answer the questions given. In addition, the secondary sources of information are the books, 1ournals, unpublished materials and any other reading resources containing the discussions related to the present study found in the library and by the use of the internet sources.
Data (ather!n" Proce#re
27 %he present study gathered data first in the library where the researchers were able to search for the different reading materials that will help the study to gather information. %he related literature and studies that were taken from the secondary sources were gathered in different websites and books that are available. %he researcher first requested the registrar for the information about the lists of the graduates of 0B 1ournalism batches ?$?/?$. %his helped to trace the graduates by the use of the directory. %he researchers also used the social media internet sites such as 6acebook and %witter. %his enabled them to easily contact target respondents. %he researchers also conducted a survey and gathered data through sending questionnaires with a cover letter. "/ mail was utili(ed for those respondents who are currently working and residing outside the province of 0lbay. owever, for those who live within 5ega(pi 4ity, the researchers gave the questionnaire personally. 0fter the survey, the researchers interpreted and analy(ed the data obtained from the 0B 1ournalism graduates for batches ?$?/?$. In%tr#mentat!on %his study used a survey questionnaire in the data gathering procedure. %he questionnaires were designed based on the statement of the problem that the researchers have formulated. %he questionnaire is composed of three sections. %he first division is composed of demographic profile and employment profile. %he second part is composed of the continuation of the employment profile. %he third part is composed of the factors that affect the choice of the job, the relevance of the 0B 1ournalism program to the job that they presently have. Juestions presented in the survey were based from the factors stated in the first chapter affecting the decision/making of the graduates. %he questions are tested if they are related and relevant in the success of the study. Re%ponent%
28 %he si!ty/seven respondents who were the primary sources of data were the respondents of Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters *B&405+ graduates from batches ?$?/?$. %he profile such as age, gender, civil status and educational attainment were primarily considered in the given questionnaire, as they will relate to the response, that will served as indicators provided in the instrument. %he researchers determined the sample si(e to get the number of the respondents of the study. %he sampling procedure was done through the use of lovin#s formula in determining the sample si(e, as followsA
N
n=
1 + N e
2
hereA nQ sample si(enumber of respondents GQ total populationtotal number of graduates eQ margin of error $Q constant value
hereinA
29 N
n=
1 + N e
2
2
0.01 ¿
1 + 186 ¿ n=
n=
n=
186
¿
186 1 + 1.86
186 2.86
n = 67
@andom sampling was used to determine the respondents of the study. %hrough this, each graduate had an equal chance of being drawn into the sample. %he following is the tabulation of the population of the graduates from ?$?/?$. 1ournalism graduates of Bicol &niversity 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters from year ?$?/ ?$ are the main respondents of this research study. =n batch ??C/?$? there are eleven male and thirty/nine female, having a total of fifty respondents. In batch ?$?/?$$, only $? males and fifty/three female and a total of si!ty/three respondents, and lastly in batch ?$$/ ?$ there are only twelve males and si!ty/one female, a total of seventy/three respondents. %he overall total is one hundred eighty/si!, through using the slovin#s formula by getting the $? O error, the researchers come up with a total of si!ty/seven respondents. Stat!%t!cal Treatment
30 %he researchers summari(ed the data though frequency counts and percentages to answer the problems $, and : of the study. %he data was analy(ed using descriptive statistics in order to get the percentage. %he percentage was used to determine the portion of the graduates of each year including on their status, along employment. %he formula to get the percentage is shown below. )ercentage Q f ! $?? Rf here
f Q frequency Rf Q summation of frequency $??Q constant
31
NOTES
1
BusinessDictionary.com research.html. Date accessedA $?-$:
httpAwww.businessdictionary.comdefinitionsurvey/
32
Chapter 3
A TRACER STUD2 ON THE EMPLO2MENT STATUS O) BICOL UNI+ERSIT2 COLLE(E O) ARTS AND LETTERS AB 'OURNALISM
%his chapter presents the Demographic )rofile of the 0B 1ournalism 2raduates Batches ?$?/?$, which includes the age, gender, civil status, and highest educational attainment of the graduates. %he "mployment )rofile of the 0B 1ournalism graduates Batches ?$?/?$, which also includes the "mployment tatus, Gature of "mployment, )resent "mployment tatus, 4lassification of 4urrent 1ob, @easons of &nemployment, %heir 6irs 1ob 0fter 2raduation, %heir 'onthly Income and %he 6actors %hat 0ffect the 4hoice of the 1ob. %his also includes %he kills @elevant in %heir 4ourse to their 1ob.
Demo"raph!c Prof!le of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate%
18
Male
"emale
82
33 )!"#re 1 (ener Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41* =f the > respondents, << graduates or eighty/two percent *FO+ are female while $ respondents or eighteen percent *$FO+ are male. %he graph shows that the population of the female graduates of the 0B 1ournalism Department is higher compared to male graduates. In this contemporary time male are usually dominant than female in terms of population si(e where in as to an update of G=#s *Gational tatistics =ffice+ 'ost @equested e!/ disaggregated tatistics of the second quarter of ?$:. %he population si(e of male is -C,?<$,<? or a total of O.
$
But in
terms of employment rate females are more dominant than males where in C:.- O of the female are employed while the total percentage of male employed were only C.< O. 4lose enough but this means that female are more reliable in terms of job than men. In this study, in terms of employability, females have the most high number of employed where in, the batch ?$?/?$ in the $?O margin of error -: out of << of females are employed while there are only $? out of $ employed in the male. %his signifies that the few number of males that are graduates of 0B 1ournalism the low percentage in terms of employability rate.
A"e of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41* Table1 N567 A(E
*414
*411
*41*
TOTAL
*4 *1
/ /
/ /
$:
* 1
**
/
$<
F
*
*
C
F
:
*4
*3
>
/
/
7
*8
/
/
*
34
Total9
1:
*
*6
567
%he table shows that the respondents are mostly at the age of because as to retrieval of the questionnaires, most of the respondents were from the academic year ?$$. =f the > respondents, these respondents with the age of ?/ were already permanent in their jobs because of the fact that they are still fresh in college, mostly they are in the batch of ?$ and they are usually in the field of 1ournalism. In the age of : where in the total respondents are in this age bracket are mostly in the batch of ?$?/?$$. %hey already have an e!perience in terms of job but usually they are not in the field of 1ournalism because most of them are in the field of customer service or working in the office. In the age bracket of -/<, the respondents in this age are all in the batch of ?$?, wherein they are more matured in terms of employability because out of all the graduates of the batch ?$? of the $F respondents, $ are employed and only are unemployed in this age bracket. C!;!l Stat#% of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
7
93
Single
Married
)!"#re * C!;!l Stat#% Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
35 =ut the si!ty/seven *>+ graduates, si!ty/two *+ respondents or ninety/three percent *C:O+ are single while < respondents or seven percent *>O+ are married and surveyed no widow. %he graph shows the percentage of the respondents# civil status. In this study, most of the married graduates are in the age of $/-, wherein they are already in the marrying age and all of them are female. %he legal age of getting married under the )hilippine laws is $F years old. owever, any person getting married at the age of $F/$ years old should present a written parental consent from his her parents or legal guardians, before being allowed by the )hilippine government to get married. 6urthermore, for individuals getting married at the age of $/< years old, it is necessary to present a parental advice containing information that his her parents are allowing their marriage. :
H!"he%t E#cat!onal Atta!nment of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
3
/accalaureate ith Masters unit
97
)!"#re H!"he%t E#cat!onal Atta!nment Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
36 %he graph shows that of the retrieved > questionnaires, < respondents or C> percent of the total respondents have attained a Bachelors degree. =nly respondents or a total : percent pursued their study and gained units in a 'asters degree. %his suggests that only few of the graduates are interested to pursue graduate studies. %hey are mostly single and teachers by profession. %his implies that those graduates who took up 'asters &nit focus more on improving career first because it is a requirement on their work as teacher.
Emplo$ment Prof!le of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate%
1 1 5 14
Emploed nemploed nder Emploed Sel, emploed Student 79
)!"#re 3 Emplo$ment Stat#% Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
%he figure above shows that of the > respondents of the study, fifty/three *<:+ respondents or seventy/nine percent *>CO+ are employed, nine *C+ respondents or fourteen
37 percent *$-O+ are unemployed, three *:+ respondents or five percent *>O+ of the graduates who are employed work in private offices as customer service representatives and writers. =nly ten *$?+ respondents or eighteen percent *$FO+ are working in government offices. Nat#re of Emplo$ment of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
5
18 )o&ernment Pri&ate Sel,emploed
77
)!"#re 8 Nat#re of Emplo$ment Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
38 =f the > respondents, <: of the graduates or seventy/nine percent *>CO+ are employed. =nly $? respondents or eighteen percent *$FO+ are employed on government offices and agencies, -: respondents or seventy/seven percent *>>O+ are employed on private offices, organi(ations or businesses and only : graduates or five percent *
23 egular%Permanent .asual%*emporar 52
13
Pro#ationar .ontractual
13
)!"#re 6 Percenta"e of the T$pe of Pre%ent Emplo$ment of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/ *41*
39 =ut of the > respondents, fifty/two percent *<O+ or twenty/seven *>+ of the respondents are in a regular status of employment. 'ost of the respondents in a regular basis were employed in private companies because of high salaries. 'oreover, the twenty/three percent *:O+ of the graduates are contractual while the 4asual%emporary and )robationary both have the same percentage of twelve point five percent *$.
<
herein some respondents who are working as a contractual
employee are only hired to work for a specific period of time on an hourly basis or a contracted amount. %his includes part/time, seasonal, temporary, faculty, students, staff and administrative employees. Cla%%!f!cat!on of 'ob% of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
.ustomer Ser&ice 4 5
riter
10 23
Secretarial +d&ertising
7
Pu#lishing .ompan
10 10
20 11
eporter +nnouncer +rts Editor
40 )!"#re 7 Cla%%!f!cat!on of 'ob% a% to Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41* %he figure implies that most of the graduates are engaged in 4ustomer ervice wherein it has twenty/five percent *O+ of the graduates are using their @eporting skills in their jobs. %his means that only few graduates are in line with the media industry. In addition, only five percent *
41
Rea%on% of Unemplo$ment of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
10 20
40
"amil .oncern ac$ o, or$ E-perience "urther Studies ac$ o, !pportunit
30
)!"#re : Rea%on% of Unemplo$ment a% to Percenta"e of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
=ut of all the reasons of unemployment, 6amily 4oncern is the most common reason with -?O of the graduates. %his is their reason because some of the graduates are married that is why they are being attached into household work as a parent and let their husbands do the job for their living. ome of the graduates are legally responsible to take care of their parents and some of them are physically sick or there are some family problems. %hirty percent of the respondents :?O said that their lack of work e!perience hindered them from getting employed. %hree *:+ out of the twenty/si! *+ graduates of the batch ?$ mentioned this reason because as fresh graduates they are finding it difficult to look for a job
42 that are suitable for them because of the required work e!perience as a primary qualification. 'oreover, some of them do not have enough training e!perience during their college years. )ursuing further graduate studies is another reason why some of the 0B 1ournalism graduates are not yet employed. %his was the reason of respondents out of the $? unemployed or a total of twenty percent *?O+. 4ollege graduates opt to take another degree or specifically a 'asters Degree because they believe that it will give them more chances of finding a good job. 5astly, lack of opportunity is another reason that graduates are unemployed wherein *$?O+ of the respondents are mostly graduates of batch ?$. %hey are obviously fresh graduates because of the reason of having a hard time looking for a suitable job for them. 'oreover, some of the graduates are getting a hard time because of the low demand of jobs that are suitable for their skills. Rele;ance of the 'ob of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
30 es
:o 70
)!"#re < Rele;ance of the 'ob Percenta"e of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
43 %he figure presented shows that a total of seventy percent *>?O+ or that thirty/ nine *:C+ respondents employment status or job is related to the 0B 1ournalism Degree. ence, thirty percent *:?O+ or seventeen *$>+ of the respondents# current job were not related to their graduated course. %his implies that most of the graduates of 1ournalism batches ?$?/?$ are in line with the media industry or in the field of 1ournalism. ome of the respondents use their 1ournalistic skills in their jobs like writing and advertising, whereas it will be discussed in the following table.
S.!ll% Rele;ant !n the!r Co#r%e to C#rrent 'ob Table * kills @elevant in their 4ourse to 4urrent 1ob @ank $ riting kills 0dvertising 4opy @eading : Broadcasting Investigative < 5ay/outing Gews casting 4ommunication > )hoto 1ournalism @esearcher F )ublic @elation
S.!ll%
riting skills ranked first on the skills related in their course to their job, because journalism as a course offers different subjects or strategies to improve written communication skills of students. 6urthermore, writing is a medium of communication that presents language through the inscription of signs and symbols. 0s human societies emerged, the development of writing was driven by practical applications such as e!changing information, maintaining financial accounts, codifying laws and recording history. > 2raduates were employed mostly as riters lots of offices and publication needed writers because it is easy to look for this job. 6or a reason that only, few students have an interest in pursuing a career related o communication.
44 0dvertising and 4opy @eading are other skills that are related in their course to their job. 0B 1ournalism practice advertising as a part of the curriculum. It has a certain unit of study for the students to learn the principles and practices of advertising and even copy reading, graduates could easily find a job on advertising agencies and printing industries or newspaper publication because they have the knowledge and the learning#s from it. %hey know e!actly what to do because it has been a part of their life during their college days. Investigative reporting is another skill graduates said that is related to their job, of the graduates choose a job that entails investigative reporting, because some of them have interest in writing investigative reports that gas been enhanced during their stay in the college. 4urriculum of journalism avail investigative journalism as part of the course. Broadcasting is another skill that the college enables the students to learn as part of the course. In the internship of students, they practice broadcasting in some radio stations for them to learn how to properly broadcast on the radio.
)!r%t 'ob after (ra#at!on Table )!r%t 'ob After (ra#at!on Ran. 1obs 1 4ustomer ervice * riter 4orrespondent 0dmin 'anagement 3 'arketing 0ssistant ecretarial 6inancial Industry "ditor 8 "ducation @elated 4orporate 4ommunication 0ssistant )roof @eader 4onference )roducer 6ront =ffice )ersonnel 4hildren 4oordinator ales @elated
)ercentage :CO :O
45
%he graph presented shows that most of the graduates of 0B 1ournalism Batches ?$?/ ?$ were in line with the 4ustomer ervice wherein it garnered thirty/nine percent *:CO+ or twenty *?+ out of fifty/two *<+ respondents. %his implies that most of the graduates land customer service as their first job after graduation as stepping stone for a desired job. %he ne!t in line of job is riter with the total of twelve *$+ respondents or twenty/three percent *:O+, wherein it is the closest job relevance to their course. %hird in line of job are the 4orrespondent and the 0dmin 'anagement with the total number of three *:+ respondents each or a percentage of five percent *
46
7
6
21 elated Moderate Poor%ea$ nrelated
66
)!"#re 14 Rele;ance of the Co#r%e to 'ob Rate of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41* %hirty/seven *:>+ respondents or si!ty/si! percent *O+ said that their job#s rate is moderate, it includes; writing skills, advertising, copy reading and broadcasting as the top four *-+ relevant skills used in their current job, twelve *$+ or twenty/one percent *$O+ is related to the current job as perceive in their skills used in the employment. In connection to the skills relevant in their course to current job, most of the respondents were able practice writing skills in their current job. herein public relation has the least skills used in their work. 6our *-+ respondents or seven percent *>O+ said that the rate of their current job is poor, and the other three *:+ respondents rate their current job as unrelated. It is the reason behind the chances that the graduates should have. ome of the graduates were under employed all skills gained in the journalism program will be mainly wasted because of the different agenda they are applying in their chosen jobs. 'ore often, resulting to the data that have gathered by the researchers, these four *-+ skills should not be omitted from the curriculum that the college may imply. It will serve as the main tool of the other graduating students to be liable with the jobs they may encounter when they already on the outside world; the world of working.
47 Monthl$ Income of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41*
5 27
38
/elo 5000 Php 500010000 Php 1000015000 Php +#o&e 15 000 Php
30
)!"#re 11 Monthl$ Income of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% *414/*41* =f the > respondents, <: were employed and since most of the graduates were employed private offices, the amount of payment varies depending on the type of job. %he graph shows that : respondents or < percent are earning <,??? )hp below, $< respondents or > percent are earning <,??? to $?,??? )hp which also comprises the average of the minimum wage, $> graduates or :?O are earning $?,??? to $<,??? )hp and $ respondents are earning $<,??? )hp and above. %he salaries differ because of the different classifications of the jobs of the graduates, their position and where they are based. "mployed
48 respondents differ also in their salaries because of their location in either the urban or the rural area.
)actor% that Affect the Cho!ce of 'ob of the (ra#ate% %he table shows how it greatly or at least influenced them in choosing their current jobs. %he factors did not clearly show the connection of the current jobs of the graduates but it shows how it affects their decision making for the job that they have right now. %he respondents may choose more than one factor because their choice of job may be affected by one or more factors that are presented in the questionnaires. )actor% that Affect the Cho!ce of 'ob Table 3 )actor% that Affect the Cho!ce of 'ob Ran. 1
6actors Gature and Gurture
*
'onetary 4ompensation
"ducational 0ttainment
3
"conomy
8
tepping tone for desired "mployment
6
'oderni(ation and %echnology
7
4onvenience for 6urther "ducation %he nature and nurture ranked first because of the culture of 6ilipino#s close family ties.
If the family is mostly teachers for e!ample it would be a great impact for a person that heshe is e!pected to be a teacher or somewhat related to teaching and educating is what nature is all about. 6or nurture, we referred it to what the graduate#s environment taught himher. It can be about what they want their child or their child can freely choose that job is heshe really wants. But nature and nurture comes hand in hand making the graduates decide not for himher but for the betterment of all. It will take many considerations regarding this matter. %he bottom line is that, 6ilipinos are very strong believers and followers. %he 6ilipino basic unit is the family which
49 contributes and maintains the 6ilipino values. %he content of the 6ilipino social unit is the family groups and community life while the structure is the lineage, marriage decent, neighbourhood, peer group and villages.
F
0s to the monetary compensation as a factor it is very evident that without earning money they cannot sustain what they need. %his generation values money because money is life itself/ nothing in this world is free anymore; for every people need to survive and only the weakest will lost in this battle of survival. 0s a student, it is naturally set to find a job that monetary compensation is big or fair enough to help them for a living. "ducational 0ttainment is a part of 6ilipino culture and status. 6ilipinos must attain a certain distinction or a degree that they can be proud of because nowadays, people are more likely to be civili(ed specially women in this generation. %hey are more competitive to become more stable in life by the degree that they have acquired. It certifies that the more they are educated the more they have chance for high job opportunities. 6ilipinos give importance in attaining the highest possible degree in education, for them life is about surviving and meeting the e!pectations of the society especially the people who e!pects a lot to them. "conomy is another factor that graduates consider in choosing a job. %he economy right now is not stable because of poverty and scarcity. %he economy plays an important role for every graduates to choose their jobs, because if what jobs is in the trend of the improving the economy absolutely, it will also help the applicant or graduate to choose wisely on what to apply for. "conomic change affects the monetary compensation of a particular job. %his may set the starting salary of an employee regarding to what the economy achieves. If the economy is bad everyone is affected; no one is safe when the economy is going to fall apart. But if the economy is stabili(ing and advances, the need for more educated person increase making the number of employment increasing and decreasing the number of unemployment especially poverty.
50 tepping stone for desired employment, graduates sometimes choose a job not because he or she really want that job. )eople tend to work harder for what they really want to achieve in their life. %hey sometimes started at the bottom position for himher to e!pand hisher knowledge, to gain e!periences that heshe needed to enhance hisher skills and abilities. e human, we work hard to be promoted in our work, for our desired position, and for our desired salary per month. umans do not necessary have contentment, if they want higher positions they strive for it even if they face challenges and difficulties. 2adgets and machines are very popular nowadays because of moderni(ation and technology. It is the product of advance technology and modernity in this ? th century because it is about living into a new world that is very important from what we have before. It also plays a vital role in education because of its advancements that it can almost answer all problems of humankind/ it makes our life easier and makes our everyday activity faster and convenient. 'oderni(ation and technology gives access to each individual the success of professional jobs that correspond to the need of modernity and technology. %he last factor is convenience for further education in a way that this graduate wanted to share her learning has gained during her knowledge life. )ractically speaking, another factor why pursuing education should be imposed because of the high range of salary that a teacher is having benefits with the profession.
51
Note%
$
Gational tatistics =ffice, 2ender Juick tat, 0n &pdate o G=#s 'ost @equested
e!/disaggregated
tatistics,
econd
Juarter
?$:,
httpAwww.census.gov.phcontentemployment/rate/july/?$/estimated/C:?/percent
Ibid.
:
4hristian )hilippines, philippines -
6ilipina, =ctober $Fth ?$, 2etting a 'arriage 5icense in the ,httpsAwww.christianfilipina.comresearchgetting/a/marriage/license/in/the/
%he 5aw on @egular and 4asual "mployment, 0 )ublic ervice of the en. 1ovito @. alonga4enter for 5aw and Development, H??
Ibid.
52
httpAwww.smcm.eduhr@documents)ayrollpayrollSdocuments4ontractual)ayrollInstructio ns.pdf , December F ?$:. >
riting, 4ontent is httpAen.m.wikipedia.orgwikiwriting , $??<$:
available
under 44
BK/0
:.?,
F
H??< enkotiros Incorporated. 0ll @ight @eserved, httpAwww.senkotiros.org)hilippinesphilippineSculture.html , Date 0ccessedA $?F$:
CHAPTER 8 SUMMAR2 O) )INDIN(S0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS %his chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations of this study.
)!n!n"% %his study presented the employment status of the 0B 1ournalism graduates from batches ?$?/?$. %his research is the primary method to distinguish the employment status
53 of the graduates and identifying whether the skills gained in the college is used or not. ith this matter, it will help the researchers to modify the subjects and other activities that were least relevant to the field of work; and continue to improve the subjects, school activities or seminars that are significant to their job. 0 sample si(e of > respondents was taken from the total number of $F 0B 1ournalism graduates from batches ??C/?$. %he following are the vital findings of the studyA Demo"raph!c Prof!le of AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% a+ 0s to the age range of the > respondents, : respondents are years old, ? respondents are : years old, $: respondents are $ years old, > respondents are - years old, respondents are ? years old and also respondents are < years old. b+ 6or the gender, out of > respondents, F percent are female while $F percent male. c+ 6or the civil status of the respondents, C: percent are single while > percent are married. d+ =f the total numbers of respondents, C> percent have earned a Baccalaureate degree while : percent pursued master#s unit. e+ In terms of the monthly salary, :F percent are earning $<,??? )hp and above, :? percent are earning $?,??? )hp to $<,??? )hp monthly. 0nother, > percent are earning <,??? )hp to $?,??? )hp and lastly < percent are earning <,??? )hp and below. %his is because of the different categori(ations of jobs that they have. Emplo$ment Prof!le of the AB 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% Batche% *414/*41* f+ In terms of industry that they belong in, of the > respondents, >> percent of the respondents are working in private offices, organi(ations or businesses, $F percent are employed in the government offices and agencies, and only < percent are having their own business.
54 g+ 0s of the "mployment tatus of the 0B 1ournalism 2raduates, out of > respondents >C percent are employed, $- percent are unemployed, < percent are self/employed, $ percent is underemployed and also $ percent is still a student. 0s of the %ypes of )resent "mployment of the 0B 1ournalism graduates, out of the > respondents < percent are in a regular status of employment. : percent of the graduates are contractual. 0nd lastly, $.< percent of graduates are casualtemporary and probationary. In terms of @easons of &nemployment of 0B 1ournalism 2raduates, out of > respondents -? percent are family concern is the most common reasoning, :? percent are lack of work e!perience, ? percent are further studies and the remaining $? percent are lack of opportunities. S.!ll% (a!ne b$ the 'o#rnal!%m (ra#ate% h+ 0s to the skills gained in their jobs presented to the respondents, :C of the respondents uses writing skills as the preferred skill in their work. 6ollowed by advertising and copy reading which balance the same number with $: people out of > respondents. It has a certain unit of study for the students to learn the principles and practices of advertising and even copy reading. Ge!t is broadcasting which gained $ respondents. %hey practice broadcasting to use in the radio stations as profession. $$ respondents of the graduates choose investigative because of their interests in writing investigative reports or article. 0lso, lay/outing and news casting with $? respondents used the skills having a connection on computer and newspaper management as they able to practice to e!pertise programs. 4ommunication with respondents that allow graduates to understand the skills imposed to journalism program that will practice in their chosen jobs. respondents chose public relation as less used in the job and lastly, photojournalism and researcher with $ respondent out of >. Databa%e
55 %he researchers made use of 'icrosoft "!cel to sort and categori(e the list of graduates into the followingA 6amily Game, 2iven Game, 'iddle Game, 2ender, )ermanent 0ddress, )resent "mployment tatus, 4ontact Gumbers and Game of 4ompany%hrough this database, the 4ollege of 0rts and 5etters will be able to populate its alumni directory and thus, easily access information and contact the 0B 1ournalism graduates. .*)lease refer to 0ppendi! " for the database of the 0B 1ournalism graduates.+
Concl#%!on9 %he following are the conclusions drawn from the study.
In the demographic profile of the 0B 1ournalism graduates from Batches ?$? T ?$, majority of the respondents are aged , single, female and earned a baccalaureate degree. In terms of the respondent#s employment profile, it can be concluded that a high number of the respondents at >CO are employed with an added respondents. :C of them use this skill in their professions and considered it as the most relevant. 5astly, the database generated from the respondents will provide sufficient information to easily contact these 0B 1ournalism graduates and serve as reference for the department and the college#s alumni directory.
Recommenat!on%9 %he following are the recommendations suggested by the researchers and respondents of this study. $. 4ontinue conducting tracer studies and develop a database system to be able to have a regular update on the alumni of the college and of the )rint and Broadcast 'edia Department. . "!pose the journalism graduates to e!perience the real work in a newsroom. :. @einforce teaching methods and activities that would further improve the writing editing skills of
