INDUSTRI AMONIA
1. Flowsheet Industri Amonia
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2. BLOK DIAGRAM PROSES INDUSTRI AMONIA
Udara = 3400 NM 3 REFORMING 85% CH4 +H2O CO+3H2 85% CO+H2O CO2+H2 100% CH4+2H2O CO2+4H2 100%
Gas Bumi (CH4) = 2000 kg
H2O /Steam = 5000 kg
H2 + 1/2O2
CH 4, O2, N2, H2O, CO, H2
H2O
N2, CO, CO2, H2, H2O H2O
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
N2, CO, CO2, H2, H2O
SINTESA UNIT 100% N2+3H 2NH3
H2
N2
PURIFIKASI 100 CO+H2O CO2+H2
CO2
CO2 STORAGE
H2O
H2, NH3, H 2O
PEMURNIAN
NH3
NH3 STORAGE
H2, H2O
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3. Data kuantitatif
a. Basis : 2 ton NH 3 - 85% yield H2
: 0,21 ton atau 2000 Nm 3
N 2
: 0,96 ton atau 1400 Nm 3
Katalis sintetis
: 0,2 Kg
Kekuatan
: 850 KWH
Bahan bakar gas untuk kompresor
: 3800 Kcal
Air dingin
: 12 ton
b. kapasitas : 100-1500 ton per hari amonia 4. Neraca Massa Industri Amonia 4.1 Neraca Massa pada Reforming
3
Udara = 3400 NM (O2, N2)
Gas Bumi (CH4) = 2000 kg
H2O /Steam = 5000 kg
Reforming 85% CH4 +H2O CO +3H2 85% CO+H2O CO2 + H2 100% CH4+2H2O CO2+4H2 100% H2 + 1/2O2 H2O
CH4, O2, N2, H2O, CO, H2
Diketahui:
CH4 =
2000 = 125 kmol. 16 ⁄.
H2O =
5000 = 277,778 kmol. 18 ⁄.
Udara = 3400 Nm3 O2
= 21 % × 3400 Nm 3 = 714 Nm 3 × 103 m3 × 1 L × 22,4 =15993,6 mol Nm3 103m3 = 15,9936 kmol × 32
N2
⁄ = 511,7952 kg
= 79 % × 3400 Nm 3 = 2686 Nm 3 × 103m3 × 1L × 22,4 = 60166,4mol Nm3 103m3 = 60,1664 kmol × 28
⁄ . = 1685,6592 kg
Reaksi 1
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CH4
+
85
H2O
%
CO
+
3 H2
Mula-mula :
125
277,778
-
Bereaksi
:
106,25
106,25
106,25
318,75
kmol
Sisa
:
18,75
171,528
106,25
318,75
kmol
Mr
:
16
28
2
2975
637,5
18
300
3087,504
-
kmol
kg/kmol kg
Reaksi 2
O2 = 511,7952 kg = 15,9936 kmol
CH 4, O2, N2, H2O, CO, H2
REFORMING
N2 = 1685,6592 kg= 60,2021 kmol CH4 = 300 kg = 18,75 kmol H2O = 3087,504 kg = 171,528 kmol CO = 2975 kg = 106,25 kmol H2 = 637,5 kg = 318,75 kmol
CO
+
H2O
85
%
CO2
H2
Mula-mula :
106,25
171,528
Bereaksi
:
90,3125
90,3125
90,3125
90,3125
kmol
Sisa
:
15,9375
81,2155
90,3125
90,3125
kmol
Mr
:
28 446,25
18
-
+
44
1461,879
3973,75
-
kmol
2 180,625
kg/kmol kg
Reaksi 3
O2 = 511,7952 kg = 15,9936 kmol N2 = 1685,6592 kg = 60,2021 kmol
O 2, N2, H2O, CO, H2, CO2
REFORMING
CH4 = 300 kg = 18,75 kmol H2O = 1461,879 kg = 81,2155 kmol CO2 = 3973,75 kg = 90,3125 kmol CO = 446,25 kg = 15,9375 kmol H2 = 818,125 kg = 409,0625 kmol
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CH4
+
100 %
2 H2O
Mula-mula : 18,75
81,2155
Bereaksi
: 18,75
Sisa Mr
CO2
+
4 H2
-
-
kmol
37,5
18,75
75
kmol
: 0
43,7155
18,75
75
kmol
: 16
18
44
2
kg/mol
786,879
825
150
0
kg
Reaksi 4
O2 = 511,7952 kg = 15,9936 kmol N2 = 1685,6592 kg= 60,2021 kmol
N 2, H2O, CO, H 2, CO2
REFORMING
H2O = 786,8799 kg = 43,7155 kmol CO2 = 4798,75 kg = 109,0625 kmol CO = 446,25 kg = 15,9375 kmol H2 = 968,125 kg = 484,0625 kmol
H2
+
1 O2 2
Mula-mula :
484,0625
15,9936
Bereaksi
:
31,9872
15,9936
Sisa
:
452,0753
Mr
:
2 904,1506
100 %
H2O -
kmol
31,9872
kmol
-
31,9872
kmol
32
18
-
575,7696
kg/kmol kg
Tabel 4.1.Neraca Massa pada Reforming
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KOMPONEN
Masuk (kg)
Keluar (kg)
KETERANGAN
CH4
2000
-
To Waste Heat
H2O
5000
1362,6486
Recovery
N2
1685,6592
1685,6592
O2
511,7952
-
CO2
-
4798,75
CO
-
446,25
H2
-
904,1506
TOTAL
9197,4544
9197,45
4.2 Neraca Massa pada Waste Heat Recover Penguapan air sebanyak 60%
N2 = 1685,6592 kg = 60,2021 kmol CO2 = 4798,75 kg = 108,8125 kmol CO = 446,25 kg = 15,9375 kmol H2 = 904,1506 kg = 452,0753 kmol H2O = 1362,6486 kg = 75,7027 kmol
H2O = 817,58916 kg
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY N2 = 1685,6592 kg = 60,2021 kmol CO2 = 4798,75 kg = 108,8125 kmol CO = 446,25 kg = 15,9375 kmol H2 = 904,1506 kg = 452,0753 kmol H2O = 545,05944 kg = 30,28108 kmol
Tabel4.2.Neraca Massa pada Waste Heat Recovery
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KOMPONEN
Masuk
Keluar
KETERANGAN
H2 O
1362,6486
545,05944
Ke Purifikasi
817,58916
Di recycle ke reforming
N2
1685,6592
1685,6592
Ke Purifikasi
CO2
4798,75
4798,75
Ke Purifikasi
CO
446,25
446,25
Ke Purifikasi
H2
904,1506
904,1506
Ke purifikasi
TOTAL
9197,4584
9197,4584
4.3 Neraca Massa pada Purifikasi
N2 = 1685,6592 kg = 60,2021 kmol CO2 = 4798,75 kg = 108,8125 kmol CO = 446,25 kg = 15,9375 kmol H2 = 904,1506 kg = 452,0753 kmol H2O = 545,05944 kg = 30,28108 kmol
CO, H2, H2O, N2
CO2 CO2 Storage
PURIFIKASI
Reaksi
CO
+
H 2O
100
%
CO2
+
Mula-mula
:15,9375
30,28108
Bereaksi
:15,9375
15,9375
15,9375
15,9375
K.mol
Sisa
:
0
14,34358
15,9375
15,9375
K.mol
Mr
:
28 0
18 258,18444
-
H2
44 701,25
-
K.mol
2 31,875
Kg/kmol Kg
Tabel 4.3.NeracaMassa pada Purifikasi
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KOMPONEN
Masuk
Keluar
KETERANGAN
H2O
545,05944
258,18444
Ke SintesaUnit
N2
1685,6592
1685,6592
Ke SintesaUnit
CO2
4798,75
5500
Ke CO2 Storage
CO
446,25
-
-
H2
904,1506
935,9381
Ke Sintesa Unit
TOTAL
8379,86924
8379,78174
4.4 Neraca Massa pada Sintesa Unit
N2 = 1685,6592 kg = 60,2021 kmol
SINTESA UNIT H2 = 935,9381 kg = 467,9690 kmol H2O = 258,18444 kg = 14,34358kmol H2 O H2 NH3
Reaksi
N2
+
3H2
100
%
2NH3
Mula-mula
:
60,2021
467,9690
-
kmol
Bereaksi
:
60,2021
180,6063
120,4042
kmol
Sisa
:
0
287,3627
120,4042
kmol
Mr
:
28
2
17
0
574,7254
2046,8714
kg/kmol kg
Tabel 4.4. NeracaMassa pada SintesaUnit
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KOMPONEN
Masuk (kg)
Keluar (kg)
KETERANGAN
H2
935,9381
574,7254
N2
1685,6592
-
ke
NH3
-
2046,8714
Pemurnian
H2 O
258,18444
258,18444
TOTAL
2879,78174
2879,78124
4.5 Neraca Massa pada Pemurnian
H2O = 258,18444 kg = 14,34358 kmol NH3 = 2046,8714 kg = 120,4042 kmol H2 = 574,7254 kg = 287,3625 kmol
H2O H2
NH3
PEMURNIAN
Tabel 4.5. NeracaMassa pada Pemurnian
KOMPONEN
Masuk
Keluar
H2
574,7254
574,7254
KETERANGAN Di Recycle ke Sintesa Unit
NH3
2046,8714
2046,8714
Ke NH3 Storage
H2 O
258,18444
258,18444
Di Recycle ke Sintesa Unit
TOTAL
2879,78124
2879,78124
4.6 Tabel Neraca Massa Total Proses Industri Amonia
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KOMPONEN
Masuk (kg)
Keluar (kg)
CH4
2000
-
H2O
5000
817,58916 (WHR) 258,18444
N2
1685,6592
-
O2
511,7952
0
CO2
-
5500 (CO2 storage)
CO
-
H2
-
574,7254
NH3
-
2046,8714
TOTAL
9197,4544
9197,3704
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