NEMA SM23-1991.pdf

Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service

Published by:

National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, VA 22209

O Copyright 2002 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the international and Pan American Copyright Conventions.

Copyright National Electrical Manufacturers Association Provided by IHS under license with NEMA No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991(R1997,R2002)

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed, Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or seller’s products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication.

O

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NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.


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NEMA SM 23



NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991 (R1997)

Steam Tuhines for Mechanical Dive Service

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ

Published by: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite i847 Rosslyn, VA 22209

Q Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other bnguages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions.

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STQ-NEMA

SM 23-ENGL 1991

6470247 0524297 714

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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............................................. .................... ..................................... ........................................... ....................................... .................................... CiassiñedbyExhaustcaiditiasis.............................. . -N Tiabmc .................................. CoadensingTUrbinc ................................... classified by Number of Stages and Coam1Valves .................... SingleValveSingieSEagC'Iirrbint ............................ Single Vaive MuuistegeMine ............................. Multi* sil@ stage m i n e ............................ Muitivaive Muitisiage'ïixòine ............................. C i a s s i ñ d b y ~ N e e d s................................ controlled (Alumtic) Exeraction Turbine ....................... NoncwtrolletiExtractiosi nlrbhw ............................ Noacontrolled Induction 'linbine ............................ CmmUed InQiCtim(Mixdnesslire) M e ..................... InductimExtractionTirrbine .............................. SteamIIiabinecctUl~ts.................................. Turbinecasmg ....................................... SteamInletEndseCtion ................................. ExhaustEI?dstction ................................... Irlemedia&sactiw ................................... Steam Chest (GOV~IIKN vahe Body) ............................ SteamRing ......................................... Nozzles ........................................... StatiomyReveEngBladcs ................................ StationaryRevczsingCham~ .............................. Diciphragm ......................................... sw.nlrbirbe ........................................ ImpuIseStage ...................................... ReactianStage ...................................... shaftseals ......................................... casingshaftseals ..................................... Intemagestlaftseals .................................. BearingHousing ...................................... Bearings ........................................... RacüaiBcarings ..................................... ThnistBearings ..................................... AntitÌiCtianBearings ................................... RotorAssembly ....................................... wheels@iscs) ......................................... Biades(Buckets) ........................................ Shroud ............................................. Handvalve@) ......................................... RotectiveDevice ....................................... COnmhgDevi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ExtemalcontrolDevice .................................... WamingDeVice ........................................ SCOPE REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEPlNlïïONS RefaencedSEancbrrds Definithm CONSTRUCTION 'I)pesofSteamT




PiSc i

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FOREwom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

plr

...................................

Sentinel W h g Valve soleplate(s) .......................................... Basephte ......................................... FeatmsandAccessan?es

...................................

BasicFeaMesaQd............................... OptiOnalFeaMesandAccessorics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c o n t r o n e d ~ ~ a n d c o n t r o l l ?Itrrbines e d ~ ................. Ncmwntroiled Exüacîh Turbhes

............................. Nonconp.olled InductiaiIlabines ............................. ?IiirbineRating......................................... power ............................................ speed ............................................ Ratedspeed ....................................... Maximum continwusspeed .............................. N d Power end Speed and Steam Caiditions ..................... Stcamconditiaas: ...................................... MinimwnSteam(hKiibS ............................... MaximumStcamconditions .............................. MinimumEnergystcamccmditions .......................... Inletsteampressure ................................... ExhaiistSteampressUre ................................. Extraction Steam Rressiire

................................

Induction Steam Pressure ................................ Inlet Steam Tempemure ..................................

............................... ..............................

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ ExhaustSteamT~ perame

Extiaction SteamTemperatrae LndpctimSteam Tempgatme Maximum Mowable Working PressuresandTeanptmtms

DualSteamconditions

.............................. .............. .................................

............................. .......................... Thermodynamic?Iienns .................................... SteamRateS ......................................... TheOretidSteamRate ................................. ActualsteamRates ................................... GuaranteedSteamRate .................................

VauiationsinSteamconditions Flow Limits for an Automatic Exaaction ? M i h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HowrjmitpforanInductionTurbine Units of Measurement for Absolute and Gauge Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . .

I

?Iiirbineconnectiais......................................

outputshaftExte~..................................

..................................... ................................... ...........................................

Steamcohus AuxiliaryconnectionS LlbiClUb

..................

NonpFessure?lSpeLubncation(Single stage lbbines) oil Lulnicztred sleeve Beanngs (HarizwEalTiirbines) G?ease or oillubricatadAntinictionBearings ..................... pressure?lslpeoilLu~ InProduction Oilnrmpr ........................................ oilReservoir

.................

............................... ....................................... ....................................... oilcooler ........................................ OilFdt~zs.........................................



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............................... ................................ .......................................... ............................... ...................... ..................................... ............................. vi’bration .......................................... Singlestageïùrbim .................................. M d t i s t a g e ï ù r b ~ ................................... clitwspeeds.L................................... NameplateData ....................................... CONTROLS .......................................... GoveaningSystem ....................................... SpeedGOmar ....................................... Multivariable Govexnor ................................... CoatmlMeChanism ..................................... GOvmorconmlled WVe(S) ............................... Servomom System ..................................... E x t e m a l C d D e v i w .................................. Speedcbangetlype ................................... RemoteSetPointQpe .................................. Valve Actuating.................................. speedchanger ....................................... Speed Govaning System classification ............................ SpeedRange ........................................ Maximums@Rise .................................... speedvariation ....................................... DeadBand ........................................ stability ......................................... Speed Regulation. Steady State .............................. steamPressurecaritrd .................................... PressureRegUlatingSysíea~................................ PressureRegUlatw ..................................... Control MechaniSn ..................................... nessUre Controlled Wves ................................. pressurechanger ...................................... SteadyStatePxess~mRe guûuion .............................. PressureReguiatioaiC . ............................ stability ........................................... pressure control perfamilmce ............................... Compensated coatrol System ................................. Electronic Governing System ................................. Basic Features ........................................ Accessones ......................................... Control Primiries ..................................... Control of inâuctimor Extracoon ............................ Missing Signai Detection Featrae ............................ SensorRedundancy ...................................

piping and Instnunentation nwisons for the Esrvin>nment Eaclosufe Exposwe to Nanrral Elements Exposure to Abnonnal Ahnœphedic conditioas GeneraiRequiremeats PltsSureandTempemmRanges


...................................... ........................................... Automatic S t a t Controls ................................... OverSpeeaTnp

Genexal



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STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 m b470247 0524300 039

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......................................... ......................................... ......................................... Overspeed'LtipSystem ................................... OverspeedScnsingD ................................. n i p speed .......................................... nipvalve .......................................... Combined 'Ltip and IhrottltValve ............................. overspeednipsystemsetting ............................... FACIDRYTESTING ..................................... 'Iiirbine ............................................. HydroTd .......................................... NoLoadRUnmngTesc ................................... SOUNDPñESSUREJEVELS ................................ Gtaeral ............................................. swnd€3essweLev& ..................................... soSmd~LevelMtasuremcntprocedme........................ Camction for BacLgrwnd Noise ............................... souadResolution ....................................... Instnuneats........................................... S d A ü e nd o n ....................................... PRapARATI0NFORS"TANDSTORAGE .................... PRûïECTiON BasicFeaûues UanUalTrip

S h i j l p i D g R e ...................................... ~ Shipneat ............................................ W i t and Storage of Equipmeat .............................. INSTALLAIION In-tion ........................................... SupervisionOfIaseallation

....................................... ................................... ........................................... Fouudation ......................................... steam Inlet and Exhaust Piping ............................... C i e a m n g o f ~ S t e a m P i p i n g............................. SteamPipingSystems ..................................... I n e t i o n .........................................


........................ ............................... .................................. ................................. .................... .......................................... ........................................... .................................... ...................................... Grwting ............................................ FlushingûiiSystem ...................................... OPERATONANDMAINTENANCE ............................ The Piping noblem as Applied to ?brbines FbmsDue to Stearn Pressure FbmsDue to Temperatwe FarcesDue to Dead Weight AuowaMe Fœces and Moments on Sttam Turbines DrainPiping IÆak-ofli Fuil-FiowReii&Device CoUptingAlignmcnt

seCtrOn9

In-tim

..........................................

operatioa ............................................ Noncondensin ' g 'hbine opetatianof aMultisragecondensia . g'Ihrbine .......... 'I)pical SEertmg Seqaence fima Steam nirbine ........................

..........................................

Maintlmance Intluduction

.........................................

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UitemalWaterWashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . steamhinty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INQUIRYGUIDE.. .....................................




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S T D * N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L

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Foreword Ilhis standard has been developed by the Steam "wbiine Section of NEMA. In its preparation andrevision,considaationbas been given to the work of other organizations. such as the American National Standards institute, the American Peuoleum institute, the AmericanBoiler Manufacturas Association, and the Amencan . SoCiety of Mechanical Engineers, striving toward the deveiopment ofstandards,anddtishaebygiventoaii whosesiandardsmayhavebeenh~~inthepreparatian of this publication. nK purpose of this standard f a singie stage and multistagemechanid drive steam turbines is to faciiitate the appiication of the.se turbines by engineers, users, aad conuactas, to promote ecwomieS m driving rotalhg mechanical equipment, and to assist in the proper seiection and app~ofthedifferingmechantcaldesigns of turbines. NEMA Standards P u b l i a SM 23-1991revises and SupeISedes the NEMA StandardsPubliCation Steam Turbinesfor Me~hanicalz)rive S e M e , SM 23-1985. User needs have been considertd throughout the development of this standard. Proposed M recommmdedrevisions should be submitted to: Vice Resident,Engineering Depamnent NationalEiecaicalManufacturersAssociation 2101 L S l E a Nw,suite 300 Washnigton,DC 20037 (202)457-8400


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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 2992

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Section 1 REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS

AmtriamNationolStandandsInstitute 1430Broadway NewYork,NY 10018 Spcjficprionfor Soundikwl Meters Spe@hations for Octave-Bad, Fractional Octaw-Band Anolog Md

S1.4-1983 s1.11-1%

DìgM Füms

ANSUASME B 16.1-1989 B16.5-1988 B1.20.1-1983 B31.1-1989

Can Iron Pipe Flanges mid Flanged Fìttings,Class25,125,250anàW piPC F b g e s and Flrurged F&gs General Purpose Pipe ThrecuFr (Inch) PowcrPìpìng

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ J h t Ililrinnfactprors Association 25 North Broadway -,NY 10591

The S t a d a d sf the IIqmsion Joìnt Matu#actmrs AssocirrtiOn (1980) (198s Addendum). Riuiont-An -t deviarian in SM caiceaoicityiodicattdbytheoatputofaprmimityprobc whichisduetovariatiaas in the electricalcondllctivjtyœ magnetiCpopertiesOfthtobsavedshaftsraface.

EntrrippedEwrgy-'Ibe~whichcemainsintk

volume of steam bappad betweem the turbine and a trip valve ur notmew Valve. FhibleShriPt-Ashaftwhichisintendedfmapera0ioa atspeedsgreaterthanthe firstlateral c r i h i speed. Hmting-Tñe oscillationof speed or other c011PD)led pamnmx above and below the mean vaiue. An MsEable

coaditioll. Hydno --A test fm leairs and mtegrity 0fthepn~smecontainingcompentsofthe turbinebypressip1pag with water. ïntemaiWaterW~g-Aproceduremwhichsteam having a high percentage of moisture is hjecteä into the tuhine forthepinpose of removhg water soiuble &posits from the tirrbine blades and aozzles.

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STDmNEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 O524305 bLO

Laterpl C r i h l Speeds-The speeds at Which the ~ITIplitude of die iaterai vibration of a machine rotar due to shaft rotation I.each their maximum due. Proximity Probe-A non-contacting device which eiecîronidy measures the position or displacement motion of an obsexveú surface relative to the probe position. Purge A i r 4 method of seaihg in which air (or ineat gas) is bid into the seal ar housing to maintain a slight positivep.essrireandthuspreventtheentranceofcoaruuninants.

ResiSEnace lkmperaîure Detector (RTD)-A device for d g temperature in which the eíwhicai resistance of tbe &vice changes with mperaiure. Respoase The-'ib time required to m v e r to the d y suue operatingvalue afterasudden change in bad. Service Factor-ïhe factor by which the maximum power capability of a device exceeds its rated m.

SpeeiTied Conditions-Specified conditiolls are aU customer d e f d power, speed and steam conditions at which the turbine must operate. Steam liirbine-A prime mover which converts the thermal energy of steam directly into mechanical energy of d o n . StiffShaft-A shaft which will not be operated during n o d circumstancesat speedsgreaterthan the nrst lareral

criticalspeed. Therm0coupl-A &vice for Sensing temperatures in which a pair of dissimilar conductors are pined at two pints so that an electromotive force is developed by thermoeiectric effects when the junctions are at merent temperature. NEMAStandard 130-91.




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SM 23-1991 Page 2

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STD*NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991

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Section 2 CONSTRUCTION 21 TYPES OF STEAM TURBINES

2.1.1

clsssified by Exhaust conditkns

2.1.1 .I NO"DPISING TURBINE A noncondengng turbine is a steam turbinedesigned to aperate with an exhaust steam pressureequal to ur greatex tbanatmospkricpressure. NEMA11-13-1969. 21.12 CONDENSING TURBINE Amturbine is a sream Wine designed to operatewithanexhauststeampressurebelowamia6p~c

P=-=

2.1 3.2 N O " T R 0 U D EXTRACTlûN TURBYSE A nonconmiied exnaction turbine is a steam trrranC which has an opening(s) in the turbine casing for thc extraction of steam but which does not have means f a cantrollingthe presswe of the extracted steam. NEMA SIPndard 6-21-1979.

2.1.3.3 NO"TR0LLED N ITuRBWE A I1oI1contTdled mduction turbine is a steam Mbine whichhas an opening(s) in the airbinecasingfainductioa of steam but which does not have means for CQltlDUiilie the pressureof the inducted steam. NEMA S W d d 11-14-1W.

NEMAStandard 1-30-91. 2.1 6 4

2 1 2 CWslfîedbyNunberofStegesand Cœlwvahrea STAGE TURBINE 2.1 2.1 SINGLE VALVE -LE A singie valve single stage turbine is a steam airbine which has one govmor conmiled valve and one stage.

m

D INWCTION

(m

PRESSURE) m B W E A controlled induction (mixed pressiire) turbine is a steam turbine which is povided with sepíirate inlccs far steam at two pressures and has an automatic device f a conb.olling the flow of steam to the turbine stages following the induction opening. NEMA stendprd 6-21-1979.

ｗｗｗ．ｂｚｆｘｗ．ｃｏｍ NEMA-

6-21-1979.

2.1 2.2 SINGLEVALVEMULTISTAGE TURBINE A single valve multistage turbine is a steam trirbine which has one govmorconaoued valve and two or more stagts,

NEMASEendard 6-21-1979.

2.1 9.3 MULTIVALVE SINGLE STAGE TURBINE A mdtidve Agie stage turbine, is a steam turbine wbich has two or m a t governorcontmkdvaives and one stage.

NEMA spnd9id 6-21-1979.

2.1 9.4 YULTIVALVE MuLTWTAOETURBPIE Amuitivaive muitistageturbine is asteamuxbine which has two ar more governar Caimlled valves and two OT -stages-

NEMAStandard6-21-1979.

215 C ~ b y P F o c e s S N e e b s 2.1 3.1

m

D ( A W W A C ) EXTRACTION

TURBINE

A controlled (automatic) extraction turbine is a steam turbme which has an opening(s) in the turbme casing for the extraction of steam and which is provided with means far directly reguiacing the flow of steam to the turbine stages following the extraction opening for the purpose of

mmiiingextraction pressure.

2.1.3.5 INDUCTION EXTRACT" TURBINE An induction exmtion Mbinc is one which combincs the fatum of extraction (controlled ar nanconmikd) with the featuresof induction. NEMA standerd 6-21-19B. 2.2 STEAM TURBINE COMPûNENTS 2 2 1 nirblnecaslng A turóine casing is the e n c l o m which sumomis tbc rotating element of the turbine and supports the s t a t i m steamparts.CasingsshallbeaxiallysplitJadiauysplifa a combination thereof. he turbine casing W be divideaintotwourmon sections as follows: NEMA Standard 6-21-19B. 2.2.1.1 STEAM INLR ENDSECTION The steam inletend section is that portion of the riffpinn which containsthe higher pressure steam. NEMAStandard 6-21-197W. 2.2.1.2 EXHAUST ENDSECTION The exhaust end section is that partion of the cssing which contains the exhaust connection and the steam at exhaust conditions.It shaü also contain the low pressnn stage(s) of a multistage turbine. NEMA Standard 6-12-1979.

NEMAStandaid 6-21-1979.

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H 6470247 0524307 493

SM 23-1991 page4

2.2.8.1.1 Aptsure impulse ur Rateau stage coLIsi8t8 d smionmy expnshx~nozzíe(s) and one row of rotatiag bkides. 2.2.8.1.2 A velocity-compoanded impuise or Curtis stageconsistsofstationaryexpansionnozzle(s)Imdtwoa more rows of rotating blades. 2.2.8.13 A v e l o c i t y ~ p u n i d e d i m p u i s e ~ ~ s i a g e umsists of Srationary expansion nozzie(s), am?IOW at

rotatiogbladesandoneormorereversingchambas. TbepressmdropacrossaRateanstageisreiativelybw inwmpoaisontothepssmdmpacmsaCmtis~. Authorized E n g W n g l t l h n a h6-21-1070.

2.2.8.2 R ~ C T I OSTAGE N A reaction stage consists of stationary expanSion nozzie(s)discharginghighvelocitysteamjetsaitherotat-

ingblades.Apressuredropoccursinboththesiatioaary and rotatingelements. NEMAStandardô-21-107B.

2.28.1 CASING SHAFT SEALS Casingshaftsealsminimizetheleakageofsteamoutof uie casing dong tbe shaft. For condensing turbines, seals are arranged to jxemt rhe entnuiceof airinto the casingdong the ShaR *yare aaraaged fur the admifipimi of steam at a canstant low pressmcand low mperalme.


NEMAStandard6-21-1979. INTERSTAQE SHAFT SEALS

Interstage shaft seals minimize the leakage of steam h g the shaft between stages m amuitisfage m r b h NEMAStandaid6-21-1979.

2.2.10 Beerlngtlouslng Abearing housing Coataias andsupputs abeariagfs)

andisequippedwithseaistopreventlcíücageofdaodttie entnince of m o h , dust,and foreign matmi&. NEMA-

6-21-1970.

2.2.11 ûmtln(Y 2.2.11.1 RADIAL BURINOS RaclialbearingsarebearingsWhich s u p p a r t t b e ~

elementinhorimtalshaftbirbines.Iheyareofihtsl~~, tilting pord mantifriction type. In verticat tmbrnes,these bearings tnri;sllv positiOn the mtar assembly. NEMAStandrurl6-21-1970.

2.2.11 9 T H R W BEARINGS

Thrust bearings rn m g s which trammitthe axid thrust of the rotatllig dement to the beaping bousmg and maintain the axial position of the mux assenibly m the



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casing. They m of the antifrictm, laad, ar scgmeniai tutuigpadtypt. NEMASWdaid6-21-1939.

2.2.113 ANTFRICTION BURIN08

2.2.18 ConadllngDeVice Acoatrolliagdevice is OM which manidly icaliy initiates action of a system which caaerols a(MnB1 apaationofthetiirame. NEMA-

11-13-1968.

Antiúictim bearings stmuid have a minimum rating life of3 yearsa25 o0Ohoursw h e n a p e r a t e d ~ ~ a t 2219 ExtemalcontrdDwlce maxgnumtblUStdradislloadsaodat~speed. An extanal control deviœ is an element which is EAuthorized Engheeiing Inkrmillion 6-21-1979. sponsive to signais other than turbine spaad, ie., flow, The rating life is tbe number of houisatcunstant speed presswe, -,and soforth,dacis toconirol the tbat9ûperctntofagroupofidcnticalbearhgswiiiopcratc fbw o f steam t o the turbiDe. shalt be pnemwidY* befcxe the fitaeviâe-nce of fatigue devebps. mecbanidy, hydraulically.or electricany actuated fiom kthomed E n g i i n g Inbnnaakn 6-21-1979. the signal sollfcc to position the governor vaive@). (Ref2.2.12 RotorA88etnbly mmœ Section 3.1.6.) NEMAStandard 6-21-19'19. "be r ~ oassembly t is the rotlltingelemnt of the turbine

u

whichinclubesaiîpartsattachedtotheshaft,excludiugthc caipling(S) unless coupling is integral Witb the shaft. NEMA-

621-1979.

2.2.13 W h 0 d s m ) wheels arediscs which are inmgrai witb,orñxcdto, the ~ieshaftandoawhichbladesaremounted,orinwwhich

bladesorbuclrmsaremachined.

NEMA-

6-21-1979.

2220 WamlngDeVlce A warning de* is one which,by visiõle or auáiblc means, or both, indicates that an abnomai apefatingumditionexiscs, NEMAStandard6-21-1879.

2.2.21 Sentlnel Wamlng Valve A sentiael waming valve is a pressure warning device whichopenswhaithesteampressurerisestoapredetermined1eveLThedeViceshaü dischge tothe atmosphere andshallbesolocatedasto be plainly visible& For condcaskig tl&K%% it shall be set at 5 psig 135 kFa(gauge)]. For noocondensing m n ie s the minimm seüing shall beeither 10 percent or 10psi (ïOLpa) above maximnm exhaust steam pftssuR, Whichever is greater. NEMA standard 6-21-1979.

A sentinci warning vaive is not recoaimended for the

following applications: a i n e s which utmd volatile gase^ locatiais where the discbarge of steam to the am+

-

2.2.16 H a n d W 0 ( S ) A hand vaive@) is the valve which isalates steam flow to a gmup afnozzle(s) to pennit e&cient apetriton at

redmtdpowerawithdualsteamconditionsHaudvalvalves can be either manuaily condied or arbomated and are used on singie valve turòines oniy. NEMA SiaKliUd6-21-1979.

2217 PmtecthreDeVice Apotective device is one which, alone oras p?* Qf a sy9iem,respondsinsomepredetemiinedmannerto,~sormalconditionsaoendllig theopewtion ofthe unitorsystem towhichit is connected. NEMA Standard6-21-1979.

sphaeisobjcctionable,hamdousorpmhibkdbyhw

- Mbineswhicbareanangedforauiomaticworunatmdedstart-up

hir these applicaliom, an alteniate wanimg device œ optionaitrip device is iecommended. Authorued Enginwing Information 1-91.

2.222 s o w w s ) A soleplate(s) is a machined fiat steel piate(s) or casting(~)for mounting of the equipment supports and far biting and grouting to the foundatiar. NEMAStandard 11-13-1689.

2.223 ûmapiate Abaseplate is a fabricated of cast continuwsstructure havingmachinedpads for mountingof the equipment and for bolting and grouting to the foundation. NEMASQndard 11-13-lQ69.

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S T D -NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL

2.3 FEATURESANDACCESSORIES

m 6470247 05243ûq 266

9. Insulation for the high tempemm section of tht Wine to limit exposed siirfaoe temperatme to 16pF (74OC) or other tempemture specified by the

.-P

ring, nrststage,dexhauststenimpressure. 11. Coupling between the turóine and driven machine (normaiiy fumhhed by the m8nufacturea of the dnven equipment). 12. coiipling guard SuppOIted frwi tbe baseglate oc adjacent bealing housmg(s). Tbe couplmg guard shouldbecasilyremovableandbe~ientlyrigid to withsiand deflection and plevent rubbing as a resuuofnaïmalt!odilycaitsctbypersonnel.Wbco continuauslylubaicatedcouplragsare~the coupiing guard œ housing should be fitted so that oil leaks will bepmted. 13. GlandleakageevacUatingappIiratuswhendiegland casngdesignrequiresitsuse. 14. Tachometer of the vibaatuig mai, machanical, ‘ a r e~type;iodicatiagspeedsfroniabovethcûip speed to M o w the minimum aperatiag speed. Thchometers shall be suitaóle for the specifmed eavi-

Ionment. 15. Supemhry instniments to monitor such as vibration, axial shaft movement,tempemtms, etc. 16. Shaftgroundingdevicetocarrytogromdanysíatic charge which might be developed on the hirane romandwhichmayotherwisebuildtoLevelswhich ddâamageturbhcbearings. 17. Rotor turning gear togeUier with driving maus, engagement and äisengagementfeaiures, and lube oil pressure interlocks to permit slow turning of the

mtorsystemonstatt-upandsbutdown. ..

18. AlbusSm trip valve which provides a means far quick and positive shutoíf of admjssion stcam f a emegencY tnppuig. 19. Nonretuni valve(s) for blocking ihe revme flow of steamfkom~intotheturbmethrough~ orextractioaopenings. 20. Redmiantoverspeedtrip. 21. Exhaustreliefvalveornrptriredisctopre~over piessrning of the exhaust end section (see Sectim 8.7).

22. Vacuumbreakertoadmitairiatotheexhau9tam nections d a condensing turbiue in cmk to reduce coastdowntime. Additbd items may be availsble. Authorized E n g i i t q ~ infamaiion 1-1.

2 s ControlledEXttadknandmled krdudknmrblnes Conwlleü exmaion, ccmtrolled indoction, and ummlled induction exmction turb8nes &ail include basic



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10. Steampresswegaugestoindi~inletsteam,~

SM 23-1991 page 7

features W i n items 1 thrwgh 6ofU.1, together Witti those lisied in 23.3.1 through 23.3.4. 2.33.1 Controlled extraction turbhm shall bave apre+ 8utt regdath8 SySteB for mtroiiing mt p s s m of the extracted ste9m by regulaiing the fbwof steam to the turbine stages fallowing the extracth opening(s). Anonreturn valve br the extraction apallng(s), which is also actpated by the ovaspetd tip system. is nquind far installationintheexoactimsteamline(s).

2.3.3.2 controlled mduction turbines Shan imve apesme regdating sysrem for cantrolling tticpm5urcof the imjucth steam toregulate t h e b w ofsteam tothe turbine --``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

stagesfoiìowingthein&ctionopening.Atripvaivewbi& isalsoactuatedby theoverspeedmpsystemisnquired fnrinstallaaon . intheinductionsttamk. NEMA-

190-1991.

233.3 Dependmg on the source of induction steam, the usashould consider the need for a steam ssainer in t i i s h e to protect the loweapressure stages of me turbine.

AumaiEed Engineering Infornietion 11-14-1985.

2.3.3.4

Controlled extraction turbines and controlledinduction turbines shall have a multivariablemiml system which provibes interconnectiOn die pressiut rCguiatingsystemaadthespeedgovemingsystem.

2.335 conarouedinductim ~rtractioatrabinesshall inchdethecombinationofthefcxegoingitems. NEMA-

11-14-1085.

23A ~ ~ E x t r a c t b n T i a M n e r Nonccmmiiedextnictionturbinessballincludetbbasc

242 speed 2.4.2.1 RATED SPW Ratcdspeedisthespeedcanesponduig * toratedpowa. It is measiaed at the output shaft of the turbíw, is expressed in rievdutioas per minute, and is quai to M less than m8ximm~ u o u speed. s NEMA standprd 6-21-1979.

2.4.2.2 W u u Com~uous SPEED Maxm i um conhinuous speed is the highest specifiad speed at whicb a turbine can be operatcd continwusly pwidedproperovaspeed~goverwr- a r e

iastalledand operatianal.

-

NEMA-

621-1979.

2 ~ 3NomralPower,SpeedandSteam

corabns

m

hJpower, and cooditionsaretbost caiditionsfwadmd~aadatwbichrhesteam ratcwillbeguafan~ NEMA-

6-21-1979.

U A Sî~Conditlons 2.4.4.1 WNuW STW C û t d m Mn im i um steam ~ t i ~ a thelowest r e inlet stcam pressure and tempemm and lowestexhaustprcssm to which theturbineissubjectedincontinuwSopaatiOa. NEMA stadard 6-21-1979. 2.4.4.2 M A # ~ ~ ~ ~ T E A ~ ~ ~ N ~ T K I N ~ Maximum steam CDnditiOIls am thehighest inlet steam pitssrrre and imperature and exhausspIesllm to Whicb the tiirbmeis subjectedincaltinuousopaation. NEMA-

621-1979.

feaaacsiistedinitemsl througIi60f2~.1,togctfrtr~ith mwisecmnvatve(s)far theextractionopening(s). 'he quan2.4.4.3 Wuuu E N m v Smw tity and lomion of nomearni valves are tobedetermhl MïniInm~geamconditi.Mlsiuetbe~inltt bythetrirbincman~basedonentrappedaiergy steam presswe and t e m m and the highest CxImust ~redimdaacypolicy. pmsm at which the turbine is requucd to produœ a NEMAStandard 130-1991. specinedpower~speed 2.3.5 N ~ l l e d k i $ u á k n n i i b l I l @ S 2.4.4.4 hLET STEAM PRESSüRE NoaiconmIIedinduction turbines shaü inchidethe basic uiietsteampressiireis the pressureof the steam supplied feahaeslistBdinit«nS1 tl1rough6of23.1,togetheswirb t o t k tUrbii.Jtis m«wredat the $tcf3minlet conncctim a trip vaive@)for the induction opening(s). of the airbine and is e x m a s a gauge piessure. NEMA-

11-14-1985.

2.4 TURBINE RATING 2A.i

Power

Rated power is the maximum specifiedpower output of the~ine.Itismeasuredattheoutpitshaftofthearrbine. NEMA Standard 6-21-1979.


2.4A.5 EXHAUST STEAM PRESSURE Exhaust steam pressure is the pressure of the steam system to which the turbine exhausts. It is measured at the exhaust connection of the turbine and is expressed as a

gauge pressure far- n ' airbineSandasanabsolute pressrrre for condensing tuhines. NEMAStandard6-21-1979.



STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1971 D b470247 0524311 9L4

2.4.4.6 ExtRAcT#))JSTEAM PRESSURE Extraction steam pmsm is the pressine of the steam extractedfrom the turbine. it is measuredat theextraction wnnecticm of the turbine, and is expressedas a gauge

P===

NEMA-6-21-1979.

2.4.4.7 hwCnON STEAM PRESSURE Inductionsteam~isthepIessureofthesecoadary steam supplied to the Wine.it is measureâatthe inductionconnectian of thetrirbineandis expressedasagauge p#rsiae.

NEMASEandaid6-21-1979.

2.4.4.13 DUAL Srrrun CûNMl"S Dual steam conditiansare two ofmmcombin8tons of iniet steam pressme, inlet steam tempenitine, or exhaust -pressure. NEMAStandard6-21-1979.

2.4.4.14 VARIAl"S IN STEAM CCXJüITlONS The Iatíng, capability, steam flow, speed re-, and pressme control shall be basedon operation at maximum stcam unuütions as defined m 2.4.42. Steam Mbiaes shall be capable of operating under the followingvariatioasininletpressureandm~but p e ? f ~ s h a l l n o t n e c e s s a r* yi lbem accardance with

thestandaadsestab~foroperatmgatmaximumsteam

2.4.4.8 INLET STEAM TEMPERATURE conditions.continuousopetatiaiatotherthanmaximum Inlet steam tempeniture is the total teInof the steam conditioI1s shaü require review by the turbiw mansteam supplied to the turbine. It is nreasiiredat thesteam ufacturer. inletcmnectionoftheturbineandisex~inde~ NEMAStandard6-21-1979. Fatireobeit~indegrces CeW. NEMAStandard6-21-1979. 2.4.4.14.1 VARUTKJNS FROU hhXUuUINLET STEAM

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2.4.4.9 EXHAUST STEAM TEMPERATURE luhapststeam temperameis the totai t e m m of the steam cxhartpted from the tinrbine. It is r n d at the cxhailst CoMectiOn of the tuxbine and is expresd m degrees Fahrenheit or in degrees Celsius. NEMAStanderd6-21-1979.

2.4.4.10 WRACl" STEAM TEMPERATURE Exaaction steam temperatureisthetotalteInperatureof the steam extracteü from the turbine. It is measuredat the exixmirn connection of the tintiineandis eJtpressedin äegreesFahrenheit or m degrees Celsius. NEMASEendaid6-21-1979.

244.11 1NDUCTK))II STEAM TENPERATURE Uiductioosteamtempenimreisthetotalm~of t h e ~ s t e a l n ~ W t o t Itislmasmtd h e ~ at the iiiductionconnectimof die turbine and is expressed in deFahrenheitorin Celsius.

PRESSURE

The turbine shali be capable of operating without damageat less than the guaranteedsteam flow tothe Mbine with average Wet pressure of 105 percent of maximum idet steam pressure. (This pemisible variation recognizesthe~inpressurewith~insteamflOW

encountered in operahion.) The inlet steam pxsure shall average not more than maximum pressiire over any 12 month opedug period, Theinlttsteamprwsureshailnotexceed110perccmd maximumpressurein maintainingtheseaverages,e;xcept during a b d COilClitioI1S. During abmnmal cosiditim,the steam paessare at the tiirbineinletconnection - shallbepermitredtoexdmaxh u m pressure briefly by as much as 2ûpesent, butîhe aggre@e drnation of such swings beyond 1M percent of maximumpssure shallnotexceed 12hwrsper 12mondi operatingpenod. NEMA-

NEMASEandaidô-21-1979.

6-21-19m.

2.4.4.14.2 VARIATIONS FROU WXiNUM INLET STHM mPERAlURE

Theinietsteamtempeniturestœüaveragenotmorethan maximum tempexatme over any 12 month operatmg pe riod. In maintaining this average, the tempemm shall not exceedmaximum tempemureby nme than 1fl(8oc) exceptduringabnnmalcoaditions.Duringabaonnalcooditions, the tempcratiae shall not exceed maximum ternperature by m m dian m ( 1 4 O c ) fwojmathgperiods



-

S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL L77L

~

~

H 6470247 0524312 850

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SM 23-1991 page9

-

h2-theenthalpyofsteamatwrhaustsLeam paeasiiredinitialenaopy. NEMA s&idard ô-21-197Q. 2.5.1.2 AcniAL STEAM RA26.1.2.1 TURBINE

-TE îùrbinesmunrateisthequaatityofrmctsteamnqairad by the tlirbioe per miit of power outpit, lneasmdattbt ouiputshaftofthe tmbme. Itisd y-e inpounds ofsteamperhorstpower-hour(orinkilogremsa€steem pa kilowatt-hour). 2.51 -2.2 TURBINE GEARSTEAM WlE

Whenagearisprovidedòytheturbineman~,tht turbine gear steam rate is the quantity of inlet weam required by the turbine gear set per unit of power outpiit, measured at the output shaft of the! gear. It is &y



STDeNEMA SM 23-ENGL 3993

M b470247 0524333 797

SM 23-1991 Page 10 eqxessed mpoundsof steam pet harsepower-hour (or in kil~0fsteampexkilowa#-hour.

intenial taper threads conforming to ANSI/ASME B 1.20.1-1983. NEMAStandard 11-14-1@8!5.

NEMAStendardô-21-1979.

2.5.1.3 GUARANTEED STEAM RATE' Theguarauteed steam rate is thesteam rate which will not be exceeded When the turbine isoperaredat w)rmal power, speed. and steam condkions. NEMAStenderd6-21-1979.

2.6 TURM"CO"ECTK)NS

N E M A W 11-14-1985.

2.6.1 2 When a tapered shaft extension with keyway(s) is speciüed,the taper, wupiing hub, andmupiingnut shaü be in accardancewirb Figure 2-1. NEMA taper diameteSS areavailablefarshaflextenshsfrwi2 inches m 5 inches. 11-14-1985.

2.6.1.3 if cyhdrical shaft Cxtension is specfied, it is ncommendedthat the cwpling-to-shaftfit be an inmfer-

ence fit 11-14-1985.

26.1.4 When a hydraulic fit coupling is specified,the mountiug method should be reviewed with the turbine lnallllfimmr.

11-14-1086.

ste(leWW)

2.7.1.1

OIL LUBRlCATEûSLEEVE BWüNûS (tiomzomL~~meB) a LU~~WOII Should be prended by oil l h ~Similar means. b. Beating housings should be large enough to peanit solidsor water m d e to the bottarn and should haw a dtain connection at the lowest point, oil fiil fittings, and an oil level indicam. g ne^C. . F ~ i l i h f o r c d i nshouldbeprovided~hcn essary to assure the proper oil temperahrre. nie cooling water should be supplied at a temperame not exceeding 90%(32Oc).

2.7.1.2

GREASE OR OIL LLJBíUCAEû A N i F H C " BEAWNGS

Gmse-lubricated autifriction bearings should be regreaseable ~die IIkid. Grease fittings should extendtotheoutsideoftheniachiaetopermitregreasingduringopemion. Means should be provided far venting grease lutNicated bearings to pment the buildup of pnssure within the housing. Faciütiesforcoolingshouldbeprovidedwbennecessary to assure the proper lubricant tempemme. The cooling water shouid be suppiied at a temperature not exceeding 909: (32Oc).

2.6.1.5 Recommended use of one and two keys and keyways is as shown in Tbble 2-1. Authœiæd Enginwring Intomiobon * 11-14-1986.

SteamComecUons 'Iiirbmeflangedsteam Connections shallbe facedand drilled for bolting to flanges which arem accordancewith ANSUASME B16.1 or B16.5. CastiNnlflaagecOM~nsshallbeflatfaced The thicknessof cast iron exhaust flanged connections under 1 0 m c h e s ( 2 s o m m ) i n d ~ b e n o t l e s s m Class 25û of ANSUASME B 16.1. Singie vaive single stage hariuwallYsplitcasinganbines shall have steam cannectionsm the bwexhaifdthe trnbiae. connections for making up topipenot0ver2 inches in diametex (So m m nominal diamtter) shall have

NûiìpressueTypekibrîcation(Singie

2.7.1

NEMAStandard 11-14-1985.

2&2

27.2

Pressum tLpe Oil Lubrlcatiûiì

2.7.2.1 ~ O D U C T I û N It is recognized that there is awidevariation in turbine Szesandapplicaths which makes it impracticai to have one recommended lubrication systcm ckign. However,

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fat

casingandsteamchest,casingsealingglandsandbeariqg h~~,cooling~,valve~l~~,and~fforih 2.7 LUBRICATKIN

26.1.1 Omput shaft cxtensionS shall be Spatable for a cyimdrical coupling bore and provided with a keyway(& tapaed ooupling bom with a keyway(s), tapered for a hydraulic fít, or ntted with an hie!@coupling hub.

NEMA-

AuxiliarycotlIlectiomthataredireadedshallconf~to e

ANSVASME B120.1-1983. W y , these are a d ring prtssure gauge - , drain CoNEMA-

u 1 o u t p u t s h a f f ~

NEMA-

-

ArorlllaryConneUtons

26.3


STD.NEMA

SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 H 6470247 0 5 2 4 3 1 4 623

SM 23-1991 Page 11

the foilowingdiouidservewagenaal design guide tothe oeafur~hisraquirements.

total cooling loadandshouidbearrangedandventedf? maintaining eitha cooler with the Wire in ojmation.

27292

2.7.2.5

OILPWPS

OIL FILTER(S)

Single or twin oil tilters may be used. Afiltafs) shoptd 272.2.1 A main oil pump drive^ from the turbine shaft be capable of nmving panicles iarger than 25 micmns. ar a seperately driven pump to provi& oil for lubrication When the film is clean, the pmsurc drop sbould not aadgovemingshouldbepm4de.d. exceed5 Pgi (35 kPa)atdesign t a n m a a d flow. Tiviu fílters should be piped in paraiicl witha confkw 272.2.2 Anauxiliaryoilpumpforuseduringthcstarttransfervalve to permit the transfa of oil fiom 011c filta u p ? s h p t - Q w n p e M d s h w l d b e ~ w h e n r e q ~ t o t h e o c h a w i t b u' tg~the oil flow. Each nUa by bic design ? whan qecihd. niiS pump should be should be sized fm the total oil flow end sbaild bc Upowaedbyadiffemismceofeaagythanthemainoil ranged aad vented for lminmining uthu filtawirh tbe pimp.AprrssurtsensingdeviceshouMbeprovidedfcx tiirbineinoperation.Acommontrsasfavalvemaybt~ aptomatically sfming the ruailiary oil pump when the oil fortheoilfílteIsaQdcoolas.m?íl~cartridgeshouldbe pmsmeintbcmainsystemdmpsbebwapredetermined camsion nesisauu. Filter cases should be suitable for valm opaationatapressurenotlesstbanthcreiidvahn~ For a Mbinedriven auxiliary oil pump, the turbine oftbepmitivedispiacementoilpumpsoratthemaximum 8bOdd d m to all of the @pli* pvisim of diese shut offdischarge pressiire of cenhifugal oil pump. sltmd&L

2.7.2.6 RPNûAND INSTRWEWTAT"

272.3 OILRESERVOIR A samate ail ~ ~ S U V O ~should T have

2.7.2.6.1 Pressure sensitive devices sboahl be prwidad forea&prtssurclevel(forwrampie,oiih&tokarings, discharge 6rom oil pumps, befase and afta fílta(s) and c ~ n h oil). ~ l Means should be pwidad fm BII ai-liee

a

a

main~asappropriaie.

c.

Authorired Engineering Inforniafion ll-lClOBs.

2.7.2.6.2 if bearing mctal thenwconples ot #Il)s arc not pviâcâ, tben thamometers should be povidad for oilwtlet fromcachbesring housing.Tbemiametasmay be provi&dbefore and after oil d e r @ ) . Thermowells should b e p v i d d in the piping f a t h e m ofthCr-

d t.

f.

m e t e r repiacemaitwhile oniine.Tbenmweiasshouki begaSfilledOrcrnrosion-resistantbimetalliCtypc. AuthorioedEngineeringIn-

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2.7204 oLcoolar(s) The oii coola should be capable of maimhhg the empuame oftbc oil supplied to the bcaringsatamaximimi d 120°F (49oc), with a maximum woling water tmrpaaaarcmx excealhg 90°F (32OC). It should have a f w l i n g f á C ~ o f O .on ~ lthe wataside fopcoaliag towel water anã afouling faaor asncommendcdby the manu-

2.7.2.6.3 An oil sight flow indicatm wbui spccifiaì shouldbe provided m the oil return from each öcaring housing where thedesign permis

Authofbd Engineering Infotmaütm 11-14-1985.

nicMafarothtrcoolingwate?sources.'Ibemo~sbould be suitable fora working pressmeof notkss than 75 psig [517 kPa (gauge)] m the w w side. Singkartwin~kmmaybeused.Eechcoolershould be capable of operatioa at a pressure quai to or peat ter tima the nlief valve setting of positive displacement oil pumps or ofth maxllnum shutoff dischargepressiae of ca~trifugaloil pumps. M coolets should be piped in paraüciwith acontintmusflow transfervalve topert., ,ithe traas6er of oil from one cooler to the ocher without interrupting the oil flow. Each cooler should be sized for the


11-14-1985.

2.7.2.6.4 A pressiire regulam or relief vaive should be providedto maintain the oil pressure level(s). A u t h o n z e d E n g t n e a r i n*g I ~ 11-14-10Bti.

2.7.2.6.5 Afterfabricafim,pipingshauldbecleanedd passivated by mechanical an4or chemical means. Authomed EngVieering I n h i i o n 6-21-1879,

2.8 PROVISIONS FOR THE ENVIRONhENT

Encksure Steam turbines shouíd pfembly be installed in enciosedareas.Thee?Fe!&tsofundseMceconditi~may

2.8.1



b470247 0524335 5bT

m

SM 23-1991 Paga 12

Authobd Engineefing Infonnetkn 11-14-1985.

2m E x p o r i u r e t o N a á i f a l ~ in general, d exposed surfaces should be potected againstrusting by apaotectivecoatiagor paint after instalhion of the unit. Enposed workiqg parts which affect aperation d the unit such as govexnor, govexnor ïinkage, fuiuum pomts, Valve stems.and imilw elements should b e ~ a g a i a s t ~ g i s t u i g the b yuseof comwionresistantmatenalS. Equipment having nonpressure lubricated bearings

sbouldbedcsignedtopvcntîhetnaruiceof dust, and fmign mamiais to the governing s

*

y x bearinghai9ngs. EqpipntnthaMig~l&iCaboihydrauEicgovaning systans,or both, shouldbepruwtedasbilowx

2.82.1 The lULnisystem 09 goveanar system, 09 both, should be protected againstthe entrance of water or foreign materials by proper seaiing devices. The points to beprotectedinchideallcofinectuwis - orapeningstotbeoil Eale€Voir, goveznor. gBromotor, bearing housings, and

sidarelements.Tbereservoirshouiáóeprovi&xiwirha ventwithanairñiîerandcarnectionstofacuitsteremovd of water. 2.8.2.2 In addition to the foregoingprotectivemeasum, tbe following should be included when ambient ttmpezgtrires will be less than 4û?F (4%) 1. Far use durhg down times,drains sbaild vi&d whe€e water can colkctforallsteam,d, and waterlines, the turbme casing and steam chest, and the oil aad water si& of the oil coolex. Pneumatic "blow down- may benectssary m someiostances. 2 Aheater for the ail mservoir.Ifaa electric heater is specineditmustbeofawifncicntlylowwaadeasity topmt coking of lkoilAn auxiliary pump may be reqiiired to eosure oil CircUlatBon for unitonn

heating. 3. An enclosure or bood witb venting to cover the govemùlg system may be provided, and heating shouklbesuppliedtoprevent icing. The amountand type of enclosure and heating wiii be governed by localconditions. 4. Protection against fieeziag for instnuaenBand dPi@& 5. m i n e manufacturer shouid identay those lines

~resuat-protectionoypa.asa.

Exposu~toAb110mialAtm0spheric oondltkns if possible, the turbine should be located away froin damaging fumaand vapars, or abrasive, magnetic ai metallic dust. If this is not pnictical, the atmospheric candirioas should be called to the aaention of the manufactufft. Suitable materialsor protective coatings may be 2.û.3

requiredtoansetthecomisiveeffectsofthefumes.When necessary, purge air connections on bearing housings, glaad cases,and govemm should be provided. Auth#ired EnQnWringInfonnaoion 11-14-1s.

2.9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

PmssureanâTemperaaireRanges Sieam turbines shouidbe designed and proportionedfar operationatmaximumsteamconditions.Genedpressnre and tempexatme ranges ¿utsíÍown in Figure 2-2. The ranges are general, accmding to tempeam&xsure cambinationsat which pomt material or design changes, OrbOth,~~berequired. 2.9.1

Authorlled EngineeringInformation6-21-1978.

Vlbratlon The vibmion of the turbine rotar (double ampïitude) within thespecifíedoperatingspeedrangeas measuredon thesprfacedtheshaftadjacenttotheradialbeaaingsshall be m accadancewith the foilowing: 2.9.2

2.9.2.1 SINGLE STAGETURBINES The maximum permissible w i o n shaü be not peatex than 2.0 mils for speeds 4ooo rpm and lower, or 1.5 mils for speeds 4001 rpm and higher. NEMAStandard 11-10-1985.

2.9.2.2 MULTISTAGE TüRBINES The maximum permissi'ble vibratian shall be inaccardaace with Figure 2-2. The absolute values for vibrath levels above 3ooo rpm can be derived from the following formule 1M Shaft mechanid and electrid runout sbaii be determined by slow rolling the rotor in its bearings while measming the Nwut witb a proximity probe. if it can be

demaisoatedthatmtcbanid&electncalnmoutis~ent, this shaü be added to the abwaòle vibration level op toamaximum 25 peacent of thedioweddoubleampiitude v i ¡ or 25 mils, whichever is greater. NEMAStendard 6-21-1978.

AuthobdEngineeMgInfomiehon 11-14-1985.



--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

be mi@ted by the use of one or moxe of the measmes bescribed in 2.82 and 2.83.


6470247 05243Lb 4Tb

SM 23-1991 Page 13 not have the specified margins betweem the apaating speadsand~speeds.ïnthiscasetheturbinedesigna should Catculanerotor response to unbalance. The prime caisiderationisseasitivitytom~ Authorired Enghming Inlonnation 6-21-1985.

-

2.9.4 NAMEPUTEDATA nie following minimum data tiabiae nameplale: 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

StlfJu

be given on the

Manufacainr'snameandbcatioa SaialnumW Ratedborsepower

Ratedspeed Maximuminletste9mpressure Maximmillletsteamtunpenitiite

8. Maximumexhauststeampressure 9. M a M m u m e x ~ ~ p r t s s u r e ( i f ~ blc) 10. Tripspeed 11. Maximum continuous speed (ifdifímnt fim rated rg6ed). 12 Fm i lataalcritical speed 13. purchaser's equipmeat item number (when speci-

fied).

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



NEMA standard 6-21-1979.

STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL

m

1993

6470247 0524337 332

m

L

I

I


CIE


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ft +'

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RPM. THOUSANDS

Figure 2-2 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SHAFT VIBRATION

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SM 23-1991 Page 16

(up to & including) 1-50 2 250 3 350 4

450 5 550 6 650 7 7.50 8

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Table 2-1 RECOMMENDED KEY FITS

40 50 65 75 90 100 115 125 140 150 165 180 190

rn

9

230

10

w)

Twokeys may be used in any c89e.

Table 24 GENERAL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE RANGES



S T D I N E M A SU 2 3 - E N G L 199L

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steam 00 cnmthe turbine. nie pilotvaivecoatroistbc flow of highpnssme fluid to the power cylink. This flow d highpressmfluidcausesthepistonmthepowcrcyinda to move in rcspaise to the signai h m thegovanœar conQo1mechasiism. NEMA-

612-1986.

81.6 Extemalcontrol-' Extanal calm1 devices shall be me of thne Eypcs

deaibedbebw: 3.1.6.1 SPEED CHANGER TYPE -mchangatypeisdirtcts,iaDothe governing system which in hun positions the g o m a r coatrolled vaivt(s). The govenoat shall be !Aaxcd to providethe9pecinedadjustaöiespecúrange.

3.1.6.2 ReuOlESET Popsr TYPE ?be remote set poiat type is mcorparated dinxtly mio

thegovanmgsystemwhichinmposi~tbegovam ancudfd valvc(S). Tbc gwawr shall be 8ekctcd to provide the specincd adjustableranges fœ aîi watroiüng patameta9

3.14 3 VALVE ACTlJAlWû TYPE Tbe valveacluating typeissepame h n l ttlegovanœ. 'ïñe extaaal signai acts to positiaa e i t k tbe gmaacr coamiied valve@) or a separate liac mounted valve In thiscase.tbe govemxacts oniy asa speeâhiting @e emergeacy)goveniar.

NEMA-

11-14-1985.

3.1.7 speed changer Thespeed changa is a device fwcbging the setting 0fthegoverningsy~withinthe~ifiedspeedrange while the turbineis in aperation. NEhkStrvidard 6-12-1885.

3.2

SPEU) GOVERNING SYSTEM

CLASSIFICATION SpeedgoYeaningsystemSs h a l l b e c ~ a s s h o w n m

Tablt 3-1. NEMA standatd 6-12-1985.

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STD.NEMA

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--

TWb 3-1 SPEED GOVERNING SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION

A

10

B C

6

0.75 0.50

4

0.25

D

0.50 ~

13* 7* 7*

7*

O Z ~~~~

calsteamrate. Agowrnor system in seMce which meets ali the foliow-

ingwnd.itionsshallbecapableofiimiîingspeedtoprevent --``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

overspeed trip when load is suddedy reduced from rateú to zero: a nie driven machine is synchronous perator. b. Thegovernorsystemisoperatinginamodeinwhich it m á s to demand for electrical power. c. niesteamturbinehasaninletpressureofatleast 150 psig i1035 kPa (gauge)]. d. Tbsteamturbineexîmuastoaccm&~. -Range Speed range, expressed as a percentage of rated speed, is the specined range of opeming speedsbeiow or above rated ,$xx!d, or both, for which the governor shall be d j d e when the tucbh is Operatmg nnder the control NEMAStanclard6-12-1985.

3.22 8bximunSpeedRlse The maxjrnum speed rise expressedasa percentage of ratedspeed,isthemaximummomentaryincxeaseinspeed which is obtaineü when the turbine is dcveiopmg rated power output atnited speed and the bad is suddenly and unnpletelyreducedtozeao. Maximum speed rise (%) =


32.3 speedvariation Speed variaiion, expressed as a percentage of rated speed, is the total magnitude of speed change or fluctuations h m the speed setting unäer the steady state caditiom given in 33.4. 'Lhe speed change is dehedas the difíemœ m speed variation between the governiag system in Operation and the goveZnmg system biocked tobe inoperative,withalloiherconditionswnstant,Sjmdvari&an includes dead band and sustained osciiiati~ Speed variation (+ a)=

~~

* niese Maximum speed Rise Percent values can be achievedunderthef~wi43conditians: a Govemor system is adjustedfop maximum sensitivity. b. Rotational inertia of the equipment is relatively iargeforthepowerrating. c. Steam mditionsproduce a relatively low theoreti-

of~~goveanor.

(SeeFigure3-1for agraphic repmentationof speed rise charactexisticsof a Class D govenior.)

2xratedspeed

(See Figure 3-2 for graphic npresenratiai of speed variation charactaisticsof a Class D governor.) 3.23 DEADBAND Deadband is the totaimagnia>dtofthechange in steady state speed within which thereis no &ring measiirable change in the position of the governor conmilexivaive@). It is a measure of the speed gweming system insensitivity and is expressed in percent of xated speed 9.232 SrMiUn Sîabiíity is theability of the speedgoveming system to position the goveniar conmlied valve@) so that a sustained osciliath of sped or of enezgy input to theturbine isnotproducedbythespeedgovemingsystemchniag

operation under sustaid load demand or following a change to a new sustainedload demand. 324 Speed Regulation, steady State Speed regdation, expnxsed as a percentage of rated speed,is the change in gli5t8ined speed when thepower output of the turbine is gradually changed fmn rated power oulput to zen, power outpit mider the following steady state conditions: 1. when the steam mditiom (inlet inlet temand exhaust pressrire) 8Ic set at rated valuesandheidconstant 2. When the speed changer is adjusted to give rated speed with rated power OUlpUL 3. When any exteanai conmldeviœisrenderedinoperative and blocked in the open positfon so as to offexnoresaictionstothefreefiowof steam tothe goveanar controlled valve(s).


S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL

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107%

100.0%

i I

I

I

I

w O

a w

I

tß

1

I

I I I

O

LOU)

Figure 3-1 SPEU) RISE NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR

259

t

Figure 3-2 SPEED VARIATION NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



J

'

100%

STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991

m

b470247 0524323 6 3 6

=

SM 23-1991 Page 20 --``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

P

O

I

1oOY

LOAD

flgure3-3 STEADY STATE SPEED REGULATION NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR ’

3.3.5

PmssunChanger

Thepressurechangerisadevicebymeansofwûichthe setting of the pressure regdating system maybe changed for the piirpose of aajusting the p m s m of the exhaust staun or ofthe extraction or mduction steam whiie the turbme is m @on. NEMA standard 6-12-1985.

3.3.6 SteaiyStatePressureRegulation Far controlid extraction or conmiled induction type turbines,the steady stare ~ ~ g u l a t i O n i s t h e C h a n g e in sustained extraction or induction pressure when, with identicalsettingsofall parrs of thespeedgoverningsysttm and of the presswe reguiating system(s), the exmxtmn ‘ a iaductian flow is gradually changed from rated flow Io zero flow. Fornoncondensmg ’ turbioesprovidedwithexhauscpressureregdatas,the steady s r a t e p r e s s u r e r e ~is the change in sustained exhaustpmsurewhen. with identical seüings of ail parts of the speed govemiag system and through tbe action ofthe p r t s m r r e m , the powa outputofthesteamtucbineispduaüyreduced6romrateú power output to zero power outpit. NEMAStandard6-12-1985.



STD-NEMA

SM 23-ENGL

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3.3.6.1 PRESSURE REGULA^ Rcssueregulationiscoasideredpositivewhcnprtssure iacreaseswith decrease in steani flow. NEMASEandard6-12-1985.

3.4 COMPENSATED CONTROLSYSTEM Acompcrisatedcontral system is one which is proviâd with intaconneciions between its conml mechanisms so that the action dthe speed governar or of the pressure qdator(s) also directly actuates the Othet control mechanism.

3.3.7 Stablltty Stabiîity is the capabiiity of the pessure regulating NEMASEandaid6-21-1979. system(s) to position the pressurt controlled vaIve(s) so that sustained oscillationsof the coaadled pressrno(s) ar 3.5 ELEC”K= GOVERNING SVSTEM theeaxzgy~puttothesteamturbincarenotproducedby 3.5.1 BaslcFeatures the pressrire regulating SY-m drnmg m m undfx An electronicgovanhg system shaüincludethe foilowmstaimîfiow demands or fauowing achange to another value of sustained flow dtmand. ingbasiccompooeprs: For Ihe pirpose of this standad ~ ~ i l . l a t i1 Sensorswhichmeasureanoperat8igparamctaof ~ the turbineai system, andpoduce ~bY~pressureregulatiagsysteniOfelectricsipah. pressurtar of encrgy inpt are definedas the dinaence b c t w c c n t h o s e e ~ w i t h t h e p r e s 9 u r e r e ~ s y s t e m 2 Agovamx which compares -(s) fnw dic seagor(s) witb the seiectcd set point(s) and padeces a in semicc and thme existing with thepressrinregularing Qgnal(s)fobthevalveactuator(s)tomaintainsystem system blocked or inaperstve. NEW-6-12-1985.

338 Pressum~rolperformanee A Class D goveniOringsystem (see 3.2) shall exhibit the following characteristics when u t i h ú in a comconml system: w . 1 changeinsuseainedspeedshallbe196maximum for any sustamed change in flowwithin limits of 5%and 95%of maximum inductionorexmuionfbw guaranteed forthatload. NEMA-

11-14-1985.

3.3.8.2 Steady state plessare regdation shall be 0.5 psi (35kpa) maximmor496 of ratedexbaust, extrauion.n indmion plesule wtpressed m psig oc kPa (absolue); whichever is larger. N E W S U d d 11-14-1985.

3.3.8.3 sustained 0Scillat.i~of canttolled pressure, wiien aprating at C O I I S E B ~flow ~ demaad op foiiowing a change to another canstant flow, Shan notcxcetdoa psi (1.7 kPa) ar 2% of thecon~fledpnsnireexptssedin psi ob kPa (absolute); whichever is larger. NEMA-

11-14-1985.

Parametebs3. An actuam@)whicb positions the valve(s) directly or though a a m l nucbamm * inIespsetoh gov=SiEm. one or mon of followingparameters shallbecxxumlld bythegovemingsystem: a. speed b. Eachinduction/exaaction~ c. othersforspecificapplicatiom. NEMASE8ndard 11-14-1985.

332The following are accessories which may be selected, aependingonratingaod~ u . 1 CONTROLP~ES Asignal selectmmay be incorporated intbegOVUIIOrt0 aüowthegovenwrrtoreceivesignalsfromse.veralscnsus and tochoose the signal, which wiii result in thc piopa

-

valveopening. Any p aram m may be primary which the governing . . as constant during IK)iTmBI operation. SyAny panunetex could be secondary which is i g n d as lcQgasitisbelow the preset value.

334.4 s ~ o s c i l l a t i ~ o f e i a e r g y i n p u ~ w h e n o p3.599 CONTROLOF INDUCTION OR E X T R A m &gatconstant flow demand or foilowing achange to The governor may be designed to control the low presa n o r h e r ~ t f i o w , s h a U n o t e ~ 4ofratedpcwer. % surevahrt(s) daninductim urextlxtion mine in conjunctian wiíh the high pressure nive(~).in this case,the 338.5 The range of adjustment for ptsmre change(s) governar wnmls the flow to maintain the steam pressure shaü pennit adjustment of exhaust, extraction, or iaducat each controlled extraction or induction opening while tion pressure betweem f5 p i g (35 kPa) M f10% of the simuuaneously controlling speed when necessary for the coamlled pressure expressed in psi or kFa (absolute); appiication. whichever is iarger. NEMA11-14-1û8!j.



S T D m N E M A SM 23-ENGL L991

Agoveniar with h i s capability incorporatesfeatUtes to adjustaii the ccmtroiied valves in mponse to a change in any controlled parameters. NEMAStandard 1-1-1991.

3.5.23 MISSHG SIGNAL DRECllONFEAtLIRE nie missing signai &tecrion feature monitors all input signahandaetaminesifthey are in the cmect range. Any signai that is out of range shwld cause immediate action by the electmiic govexnor to enSure safe operation of the tmbine,and should cause an alami indication.

3.52.4 SENSOAREDUNDANCV 8.5.2.5 OVU1SPEEDTmP nie overspeed trip feature in the governor can be provided in addition to the primary trip.

3.5.26 other demonic governor accessories m a y be available.

6470247 0524325 409

theirassociafedWiringshouldbepro~fmnheat,weat and induced signais Local codes and area classifshould be conWhenmi~basedturbinecontrolsystemsIrre provided which interface with plant distributed control systems, there may be some overlap of control loops and confusionregardinginpuWoutputs.in these cases the pni chaser and the vendor should mutually agree upon scapt and responsibility spiiL Extemal selpointscan come íknn the piant DCS but the turbine control loop should be suppiieü by the Wine manufacturer. A typid eiec&onic governor schematic is shown m Figure 34. NEMAStandard 1-30-1991.

3.6 AUTOMATIC START CONTROLS Automatic start controls are avaiiabie for turbine and driven machine. nie Wine manufacturer should te msuited for recommendedequipment and pnicediires Auaionred~neeringInfonnabon * 6-12-1mS.

GENERAL Caw shouid be talren in each installation to provide for adequate wiring. in addition, elecmnic governors and

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

3.5.3

INPUTS

Figure 3 4 ELECTRONIC GOVERNOR FOR PUMP OR COMPRESSOR CONTROL



SM 23-1991

Page 23

Section 4 PROTECTION 41.6 Comblned mp and mmle mive Thecambineatrip,and throttle valve is separate fmm the govelnor controlled valve@) and is closed (tripped) m response to the action of the overspeed sensing &vicc, other safety &vices or manuai trip device. ?his vaive pennits manual ttirottling of steam to the turbine. NEMA standard 6-21-1978.

4 1 BASICFEATURES Thefollowmgfeaturesandaccessoriesarenecessaryfar the proper functioning of equipment and safety of opera-

tion: 11.1

Ananugill@

Each turbine shall be pvided with amanual tripping device to ciose h û i p valve or hip and throttic valve.

4.197

NEMASEandard612-1985.

4.12 ~ M p s y s t e m Theoverspeedtrip system shall besparkpioofandshall include the overspeed sensing &vice, linkage. and a (rip valveora combined trip and bottle valve sepatate from the spceü governor conmiled valve@). NEMA-

overspeed

m h g

The tnp speedseauigsshowninTable4-1shall be above the speedreacbeddue to the maximum speedrisecharacEeristic of the govetning system to avoid tripping the turbine on sudden loss of load. NEMA Standd 6-12-1985.

when design or application of driven equipment requires trip speeds other than thoseshown in Thble4-1, the trip speed should be specified.

11-14-1985.

A13 overspeedsensingDevlce The ovaspeed smsing device mc1Udes those elements which are direcily responsive to speed and which initiate action to close the trip valve at apmkammd -speed NEMA standard 621-1979.

Authohcl Engineering Infomiation6-21-1979.

Table 4-1 TRIP SPEED SEmNGS

mspeed Tbt trip speed is the speed at which the overspeed ansing device is set

41A

A B


41.5 TñpVahre "be hip vaive is separate from the goveanor conmiied vaive@)and isclosed (tripped) in responseto the action of

C D

theoverspbedscnsingdcvice,othasaf~&~orman-

*An vrluaueinpe
UaiIripdeVice. NEMA-

6-21-1079.

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115 110 110 110


~

~

S T D - N E M A SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 052i1327 281

Sectlon 5 FACTORY TESTING S.1 TURBiNE

1. Qiecknerieraloperatioa

6.1.1 1.

~ ~ i e x b a u s t ~ ~ h s t e a r n or hydro testcd at a minimum of25 pi [172 kPa 0 1 . NEMA-

11-14-1085.

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

2 Wa!exj&~ts, coils, or d e m shall be hyärottsted to 1.5 times thespecifiedcooluigwaœr~,but notkman115psip93kPa(gauge)]. NEMA SkldWd 6-21-1979.

m of 15 3. pressirre(s) shall be maintained for a millUteS.TbeteStShallbeamsidaed~ when no extemai leaLsfrom îbe item under test are observed, NEMA SEandard 6-21-1879.

5.12

No Lond Running Test


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~~

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Sedon 6 SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS occurring atratedpowerandspeedandmaximum steam amditions, are shown m ïàble 6.1.

TaMe 6-í Sound Pressure Levels

45-90 90-180 1-355 355-710 710-1400 1400-2800 2800-5600

MoO-llu10 OVeralldBA

63 125

98 94

250

91 89

500

lo00 2Ooo

4OOo 8Ooo

...

89 89 89 89 93

106

98 97 92

90 90 90 90 95

For arrbmemoimtedon asteeibasepiate.abdonea&iitioaaidecibeltotabul8tcdval~. Actnai swnd pre9sure levels may not equaî maximum t a b w valm for all fíequewy bands. o v d dBAis* therefore*less than the sum of individual values. Authorized Engiuieenng Infwmation&21-1979.

SOUND PRESSURE LEVU MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE Sound presswe levels shall be measiindin accordrmce with Ameaican N a t i d Standard S5.1. Section 7.0, as it i!Japplicable,Eammamd * asfallows: Acoilstical penamanCe is based on a sound prtssure level which is &pendent on acoustical c b & x i s t k s of the space m which the unit operam. AU m d soumi

6.3

levels are assumed to be in k ! d s p k- d netfleldar semi-revaberant field which has r00m m t iarge empgh so as to not significantiy ef?eztm ä pressum levebatîhcmeasiiriagpoint. A six decibel drop off in SOWICI pressure levei per distance douòling in each octave band of inmesr, as the microphoaeismoved~eachmeasurementlocationm aii direaionSamundthe machine.regardlessof distanCC, indicates approximate free fieid conditjolls.Corrections must be made f?environment whea the drop Onis less than su decibels. --``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---


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SM 23-1991 page 28

All ¡3Ound--readings shallbercaorded as sound pressme p l s in decibels at refereace pressure of two times 10' Newton per square meter. Ausoraid~readingsshallbemadewitbanoctave

baad meter set for slow respanserecordingvisualaverage of maclings. F l d g m i s e le* equal to arhigkdian plus oc minus 2dBAovetall shall be murded. 'Lbe~shallbeprottctednomexternaldistmbing mfluences (vibnitian,aircunents,alldelec~of magnetic fields) which may affectreadings. Miaophoae locations shall be approximately,but not less than, aae meter from any sound sotme being mead a n d a t a heigbt 1.5 meters above the fioor. Care shall be talrcn to avoid a poBitiai at the nodal point of standing wave. (hie set ofreadingsskould bed that is requaedif

find the noise output of one particular sou~cein a noisy envimment. However, noise measurements cannot be addedmsubsracted directly. Rather,measuremauscaube canbined wirb a coirection number.The CQzeCtioll numbers obtained from * i 6-1 and 6-2 areappoximate. However, the graphic results are East and sufficiently accurareformosteagineaiagapplications. The currection numbex is based on the dif6erence m amplitude of two sormds whether the sounds ale beiqg

-

addedoi~btracted.Wh~sonnds~~tbe~rion number is added to the higherlevel Far example, 80 SUBTRACTING BACKGROUND NOISE

tbemicrophoneissopositioaed.~seotenceis~--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

izedEnghe&gW¿xmation.)ThcpaBitionofthemicm phane fmmeesirringkkgmundambient sound and total swndshanbeidentical. NEMASEendard6-21-1979.

ô.4 CORRECTION FOR BACKGRWND NûlSE rvm!memats oftiirbiae sound plesSun levels should be WHWWI far ambient baclrgtouadm d press~relevels. Levels at each iocatim should exceed background levels by at least tea decibels in each octave band If the

dinereaceùetweenmeasuredsoundîevelandbacirground 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 soundkvelislessthanthree&cibelsingivenoctave-nd, DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOTAL SOUND vatid eqsound level in that bad cannotbe deterAND BACKGROUND NOISE (dB) mineb.when thc m-is -, t w a ~ ~ rection factor should be subtmcw fnwn the measured Figure bl sound levek CORRECTION FOR BACKGROUND NOISE Decibeloorrection~=

and 86 decibel sound levels diffa in amplitude by six

-33

4-5

6 - 2 loandover O 1

decibels.a dinerencethat yieiäsacxmctm * mlmkofl

Thus,totai sound level is 87 deciLòels. when~noiseissubtractedbromtiretotal ' numóerissubtractedals0.k cori9ideratonshould~begiiventoef6ectsof~ somid lcvek the Lxmwtmn example, a 90 decibel backgod noise and a 97 dezibel msonnd somes, such as piping anddrivenequipment, total sound level difíer m amplitude by seven decibels, a w e a m l ~ o r ~ e f m n v a i v e s a n d p i p i n gHow. dif€that yields acmectum numberoflfr0nif;igUr ever, swndlevels from these somcesmay be 80 clase to 6-2'Thnsthem~levelwithout theba&gmmd noiseis leveis from the turbine that a meaninghil meatmment %decibels. will be difncnlt or impossible unless s&ep are taken to Authomed E n g i i w Informatian 6-21-1979. isdatedietnrbine. Itmaybepossibletoaccomplishchis by inanlnting all Piping, using acoustic barners as appw 6.6 INSTRUMENTS pllate, and cowring some sound sources with lead blauSound pressure levels should be measundby meam of kets. a sound level meter which meets the requkments of Aumorired E n g M n g Infamalion6-21-1979. American Naticmal Standard S1.4. Afull-octave&andsoundanalyzex,rneetingtherequire6.5 SWNûRESOLUTION men& of Ameriwn Nationai Standard 51.11, should be Ikromeasuremeatsoftenmustbeaddedtodeîerminethe USed~conjimctionWiththesoumdlevel~teatOmeaSme cunbined mise level of s e v d sources or wibtracted to 2

frwn F-6-1.

SoUd



S T D - N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL 1991

6470247 0524330 87b

ADDING TWO SOUNDS

SM 23-1991 Page 29

Insfmments, including microphones, should receive an acoustic check an overaU calibration before and after every swnd pressure level test. Authorired Engineering Information621-1979.

6.7 SOUND AmNUATION It is recommended that acoustic81 treatmentfor turbines and similar machinery be applied after instailation of the equipment and ensuing piant operation. Facm which &ea sound levels are many and varied and may not be associated as closely with the machinery itself as with steam velocities in piping and other sound sources. After instailation and operaton has commenced, an ovexall piant sound levei can be establishedand corrective measures Ealren to isolate the major sound producing portions of the process. Authorized Engineering information6-21-1979.

O

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 9 1 0

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOUNDS (dB)

Flgure 6 2

SMIND RESûLUI"

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SM 23-1991 Page 31

Section 7 PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT AND STORAGE

At ttit timeof shipment,aiieqoscdnonmachinedsurfaces shall be protected widl OpLe coiitof shop paintaad coatingorcovaiagorboth Aiiexpastdmachincdsurk c s a n d oiiIiaparvoH.iateriorsshall be protected with a nist pvenmtive. All ojmlìngs shall be jllugged oc cov-

aad. llleinteIioroftheártbineshallbesaitablytFeaud toprcvcntnist Ocean freight or extended storage shall require aãditiooal protectionand packaging. NEMASEandard 11-14-1885.

Theppamionassumesthas~ewillbesoarrangd tbattheequipncntwillbeprotectedagainstloss,~on andwtathadamage. ki(h0rlled Engineering Infomiawn . 11-14-1985. 7.2 SHIPMENT The purchaser*since he has the most wmpîete knowledge of local conditions,should specify the delivery point rind provide infamiadon on the method of handtingtothe

The purchaser should advise the mandacturer of thc unladmg facilities available and whether skids will be newsaryformllinglargeassemblìesintopoStion. Authonred Engineering Infarmath 11-14-1985.

7.3 RECEIPT AND STMIAGE OF EQUIPMENT Upon receipt,the purchaser should check ail equipment for darnagt which may have o c c d in transit. Any

damageorshortagcsshouidbereportedimmediatelytothe tninsportatioacompanyandacopyofthereporttothemanufactuta. AH material should be checked against the manufsctraer’s packiug liss and my discrepancies repoml immediately to themanufácturer. The equipment should at aü times be storedin a clean, noncorrosive atmosphere and protected against loss, weather,damage,and fareig0 materialssuch as dust, sand, a d so. forth . indoor starage where constant ternpawe ismauitained at a levei which wiil p v m t condcz1sBtiQ1 is preferred. The purchaser should seek the manufacturer’s advice if storage conditions are other than thc

above.

Specialattention and cureshouldbe given to thesmage ofpartshavmgexposedmachinedsurfaces. B e h --up, the oil orpnxemtive usedin the beari & d f y d l ~ s b i p m e r i t s b y m a r k i n g i n d i v i d u a ~ ~ ~ -ing housingshouldbeflushedoutandrepiacedwirhc~ lubricatmg oil of the recommended type. Grease lubriblies c r ~ p n tomshipment. cated bearings may require lubrication prior to start-up. Themanufacaurersshouldspccifythe~pfcpBretiOnandproteCtivecoatingSthatsbouldbeprwidedto Prior to start up, forced lubrication systems should be checkedforproperoperation. protact the equipment if die insisdehyed.

pointddelivery.

Thcmanufacairashouîduseshippmgmethodsandship p a r t s i n t h e s e q ~ r e q ~ f œ ~ y i n s t a l l- aar w m ln

Aulhonzed EngineerKig Infomiation 11-14-1885.


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7.1 SHPPING PREPARATION nit turbine and ail scparate parts shall be properly taggodandidentified

STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1791

b470247 0524332 6 4 9

SM 23-7997 Page 33

Sectlon 8 INSTALLATION

ai

INTRO DU^ TbetmbineshauMbeiilptnllulmaccardencewithrwF ommendationsandinsmictions * ispuedbydrcmanufacánt

The m f o m i a t i o n c o n ~ i nSection 8ispovided to asgist~prirchasaarhiscontractatintbepropahandliog gndinmiliahrn * 0fmtcbamcaldriveweamtiabmes.There &e m i y vatiabies mvohrcd mtheaquipnent funiished

methodofshiplaent,andtypcsofiir9rallntinn.uierefore,it is not feesi'ble to detail step-by-stepproCadurW. Auihairod Enginwring Infomath 11-13-1969.

82 SUPERVISION OFINSTAUATION It is f c c o m m a that the man-'S representative faqwise theia9iallationofthe tmbiac.The mstatltt-

tion procedure should be in accordance with recammndatiaisandiartnictim~bythemanufacturcrutham drawings arbyoibeameans. Sucb piocb dares are arranged and planned to obtain the most Lwiskmy iImauion and commissionmg of the eqwp ment.

pauyqualifiedlabor,incl~qpalinedsupervisim,is requiredfoapmpetirldhtm ' ,scastupand~m. -Engineering-

*

6-21-1079.

83 INsTALmnoN propermazallatiaa i s a e c t s p a r y f m ~ i r ; a yoperation.* nsershOuldprovidean adequate fauidation to maintain alignment and sbould installpiping to minimize txtanalf~andmomentsonmeMbiae. S f i k n t space andnecessary openings in the foundationsandkiuding !aluCtun shaildbe pwided for the insWahn of theequ'ipment Suitablcqmiqs should be puviäcd in the building to admit the quipmew me purchaser should provide sufncient space raound the quipmalt for savicmg, including the ripace formwing the rotor and setting down îhe upper half of the turôine

casing.

Authorized Engineersiq Infomiation 11-14-1985. ~

8.3.1

FOUndatlOn

Foundations should be sufficiently heavy and rigid to farm a permauentiy nonwarpmgsmictinie. The manufacturez should íiunisbdimensionaldrawings to enabíe the purchasez to design a suitable foundation of

Inlet Exhaust Induction

175 250 175

Extraction

250

53 76 53 76

175 450 175 250 -

53 137 53 76

ample~~andstrengthfortheequip~tspeci6ed. "he fwndation sûouldbe designed so that it WU absorb 8.3.3 Cleaning af Tutt~ne Steam pping to a large extent the vibrath of die unit installed on it. Asourceofcleansteam,free~foreignparticles,must nefouadabon shouldbeisolated~thebuildingstnic- be provided to the inlet of the turbine connecaons * .The hire by means of spacers (felt, coak,and so fortii) so that Station piping and the boiler system should be cleaned in outsi& vibrationwill notbetransmioed tothe foundation.

-

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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L991

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pieces of welding rod to work their way ttuuugh the pipelhesandsupeitieaterlllbes. calculationscanbe made to show how much flow and what drum pressure am necessary foranassumed temporary pìpe size to a c b a mass velocity head during cleaning quai to that attainedduring fuii loadoperatiai, basedMthe followinn: steambbwingisbestachievedbyrepeatedbeatingand coalingwhichwin~altwiateeiqiensaiandcoanaction 1. AS I nrst atten+, assume that tfie velocity at the intkpipingwhichwinhelpbasenpipe~.Itisforthis pipe exit to atmosphere during blowdown is sonic, and that the pressure, Ppjllstinsidlediepipattht ~thattheMowdownshouidbeatfullpns9ureand terrpwratiae for several minutes to allow the pipc to get as exit is u)psi. Tomake this assumpion, it is neccs~toope!xs&~~asyossible.niepIpingshould ssay that all ofthe flow ateas in &heSystem be equal beallowedtoco0lbef~stastuigthenextMowdown. to, 01larger than, the dischargeam. AminimumofthreebbWSShOUldbe~and~ 2 Estimate the steam conditions (piessiae, enthalpy) subsequentblowsshouldiiseapolishedstedwgetatdiecnd at the boiler outla expected during steam blowoftheMowdowniinetoactasanindicatiaiofckantmess down.Fnim tbecurve~inFigure8-2read~ma~~ ~shouldbepolishedonbodisi&stoobiaindoublie flow function,F3o. Calculate the massfl
wideopen. The following procedm should be used for sizing the

temporary Mow down line: Since the forcemaparticle is proportional tothe mass veiociry head of the fluid,it appears reasonable that the mass velocity head cieveiojxd during die Mowing cycle must be at leastequai to that developed during full &ad operation. 'ibis should rake care of most hose pieces. However,a time Eactor is involved; no one can be sure how long it takes pipe scale to loosen up, ar such things as

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-

~~

S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL

L99L

6470247 0524334 411

SM 23-1991 Page 35

( P v ~= pressure-specifÏÌ volume product during cleaning at boiler ouuet, ft3/in2 (P-)

= pressure at maximum load flow at

(Pc)

=

boiler outlet, psia presslire during cleaning at boiler

outlet, psia

O

1

2

3

4

%'

Figure û4 PRESSURE DISTRIBUTK)NNEAR M E END OF A PIPE DISCHARGING STEAM AT SONIC VELoclfv in applying Figure 8-3, assume as a ñrst hial thatL is dietotalequivalentIcngthofthetempararypiping,nicluding the equivalent length of elbows, tees, etc. in the temporary system. calculate the

5

anci aiter the curve in

F m 8-3 and thus calculateP, the ptsamat thc distance FL thewmpmry pipe is Lfran the exist. Note that if-& D more than 5, use a sharterL which wiü makc? equaî 5 andusecoxmpdm * g P/Pp to CalculatePat the shorts L . wtm+ is gnater tiun 5, the pressuredrop isa straight-

line frmction of L and can be caicuiaied by the conventional method. Then calculate, by conventional straight-line methods, the press~redrop due to friction in the piping from point Lfrom the exit to the boiler outlet, thus arriving at the boiler outlet prrssiire, Pc. 4. Next, caîcuiate the cleaning farce ratio at the boiler outlet, using the calculated Pc and the expected enthalpy. This mio compares the mass-velocity head during cleaning with dut developed c&uing nomial fuii-loadoperation. nie cleaningfacc ratio is expressed by:

where:

Qc Qmu

= calculatedflowdiiRngcltanllig,lb/hr

maximm load flow at boiler outlet, ft3/in2 5. Ifthisxatio,R,islessthan are andthe steam velocity inthesupeheatertubesislessthantwice theabwable, divi& the pnssure assumeû inside pipe exit, Pp,by thisratioand repeat the above process. Thus, therequired flow andgressuresfor equivalentcleaning forces can be deteamined. îhereby estabMing the required sizes for the temporary Mowpip. Note that for a discharge pressure different than 30 psi, the flow function is

The~ofthetemporarypipeisamostimportantfactor.

nie use d a iargerpipe wiU result in lesser flows and lesser pressure h e i s required for the same cleaning farce. The size effect is poportional to the ratio of diameters to the fourth pow.In no case, however, should the temporary pipe have a greater flow area than the permanent piping. Pressurereadings during blowdown should be taken at the inltt u)the stop valves andas close as possible to the MowclownPipedischarge. The lauer connectionshould be made ata convenientlocation,but not less than 20 diameters fran the discharge end of the blowpipe in order to obtain a stable pressure Feading. These readings will help substantiate the calculated boiler pressure and pipe Szes selected for the blowdown operation. A f d i size Mock valve, safeiy iocated, shouldbe used to perform die blow. Adequate pham communication between the boiler mom and the operaror at the blow down valve must be established This might also be backed up by a system of visuai communication, such as indicating lights, since phone communication may become difficult due to the high no& level at the blowdown valve. An anangrnent should also be made to record the pressure readings at the various siations simultaneously through proper communications. When performingthe blav, the blow down vaive should fystbe cracked so as to get a graduai warming of all the steam lines. When the lines are adequately warmed up, open the blow down valve all the way as fast as possible. When the boiler pressure has dropped to approximately 150 pSi [lo35 kpa (gauge)], close the blow Qwn valve ~~ysothattheboilerpressuredoesnotdropbelow 100 psi [69ûkPa (gauge)].

=maximumloIdflm,lb/hr



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( P V =~pssure-specific volume product at

STD-NEMA

SM 23-EWGL

L77L

Steam seal piping or any other lines that might bring steam to theanbinemustbebiowndown. Weldspatierand other foreign matenal that may becontained wiîhin the steam seal piping can cio appreciable damage to both the steam seal packing and the turbine shaft. Thetefare, it is prudent to direCr as much attention to the cieaning of this piping as has been stated for main steam lines.

It is imporiant that uie blowing apeiatiOn be conducted after ail of the field weiding is completed Allliough Mt the turbine manufacturer’s responsibility,it is a good pactiœ to have a service supervisorwitness at least the finai blow down. It is left to the customer’s discK&on to determine the most practical method of cleaning íktoiy prefabrid lines which may become conlmhaledin ihe field nKst

linesstiouldbecleanedandgivenseveralgoodbbwspr¡or to final assembly. FOI short runs which cannotbebiown down,mechanical cleaning may be adequate. Lintsidm g from the turbine to the customer’s steam lines sbould also be blown Out for the best interestsof the custame. Authonted Erigheerhrg Infomiation ll-14-lg85.

8.4 SMMPIPINGSYSTEMS 8.4.1 Intmductbn Reactions of piping systems connecteü to steam aubines, if of sufficient magnitude, will result m d i g n ment of the turbine sufñcient to cause rough operationand sarious mechanical damage. Steam turbines have been very Carefdy designed to provide for thermal expaeon and, at the same tllne, maintain close aügnmeat betwecn the tlubine rotating and stationary parts, and also the

~ineanddrivenequipnent.mpvisimfortlubii rbennai expansions by necessitylimits theallowable values of forcesand manen&applied tothe Qrrbine stnicture by the piping c o ~ ~ c t to e dit. It is the purpose here to briefiy discuss piping arrangements and recammendfiangeloedinglimitationsimposed on steam turbines by piping. This infonnatbn is presented as an aid to the user and is not intended as aselfcaitaid thesisonpíping. The recornrnendahns to be discussed h u i d provide aibwable d u e s of forces and momeats at the turbb connectionsforsteam iníet,exaaction,andexhaustpiping. It is not caisidered necessapy to supply values far auxiitarypiping such as steam íeakoff, hhkating o& and coolingwater,buteven so,thisadhrypiping sbaild also be designed such that tubine expansioSi is not restramad. Authorized bgimririg Infwmation6-21-1979.

8.4.2 ThePipingProblemssAppliedioWnes one of die firstcxmidediaas in designing any piping system isto keep the StreSJes in the pipe within the limits of ANSI/ASME B31.1 and/or any localcodes that may be appiicabîe. In generaì, the jipisdicaion d s u c h authanties

W 6470247 0524335 358 H

stops at the W i inlet and exhaustconnectioasuother apeningsal the machineto which externalpiping systems

connect. In ader to keep the strains due to faces aad bending

matnentsonthe~ineoonnections,iaciu~gtheweight ofthepipe,withinrecommenäe.dlimits,diepipingsystem desigashouldbe~hthatresoaintssindíitMomafmovement match momentsat the connectionsto the turbineand toveqîarge forcesat the turbine suppom. .. The faces in piping sys&mtauieroperatingcondutons can be giouped into three Classes: those due to stean l==-’temperatiireanddeadweight. -fngineerkigi-

6-21-1979.

8A3 FoiicesDueioOPressum niesealemOStcOmmanl~associatedWithbwprtssue andvacuum iineswhereexpansionjointsareof&nusedto provide flexibility. If an expansion pint is impmpedy used, it may cam a pipe reactjon greater dmn îhe one which it issupposed toeliminate. An uriffsalctedexpmSion pint will cause an axial uuust equal to tbe effective ana ofthe bellows times the intend pfesslm The magnitudeofthese forces may be geater than the limitsforme exhaust flange. In &to have the iowest reaction when it is found that expansionjoints ale required,die standad of the Expansion Joint Manufacturws Association should

becmsulled. The following figures and paragraphs represent typical

installauons - andareofferedonlyasguide& Figure 8-4showsanexpansionjointm apressure lint. Theaxialthnist~theexparisionpinttendsto~

Lhe~ineandtheelbaw.Topreventthis,dieelbowshould haveanahchortokeepitfnnnmoving.”ñt?turbineshaild atsoabsorbthisthrnstand,mdoingso,becanes8nasichor. m fœce al the Mbme may be greater tbaa can be allowed. In general,this mebiod shouldbediscouage& Figure84showsthe SamepipingarrangemmtasngiPe 8-4 except for the atkiition of tie rods on the expansian pint. nie tie rodspvent the elongation of the joint and taketheaUalcreatedbythein~pressunofdie expansionpintsoitis n o t m i t t e d & b aabiaeflange. The tie rods eliminate any axial flexibility,but tbewt is still fïexibie in shear; that is, the fianges may m parallelplanes.’IbebCatiOnOfthiS~Of~h~~ shwldbesuch~movememofdiepipingpiss~~

sionjointmsheainsteadoftensionocaimpessia Fii8-6isanarrang~~tfiequentlyiised,hawigtie

rods as indicated for 1yn1condeilsing aperation.This IIClangement should prevent ally duustdue to mtemalpessure of Ihe expansion pint 6rom being transnrtted * t o b exhaiistaangeandretairistheaxiztlflexibuitydditjaitIt may be used for either VBCUIIIII oc pnsure savicc (by

suitablearangementoftheIods).

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*



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li ANCHOR TURBINE

mgUr8 84

UNRESTRAINED EXPANSION JOINT (May Impose an unacceptable thrust forœ on the turbine.)

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Figure &5

////////) EXPANSION JOINT -. .

TIE RODS (Flexible in shear only)

-

Fígute 8-7 shows a suggested anangementfar a andensing~widlEin”iip”exhaust.Duetothelargecxhaust

-

piPeSiZen

Figure 8-7p v i h the necessary flexibility to take care of themial expansiai without impsing any UnIliifting force on the turbine. The expansion joint is in shear which is the preferred use. The reîatively smaü vertical expansion may compress one p i t and elongate the other whichcausesasmdireactionaalyandmaybe wellwithin the turbine fìange limits Authorized EngineeringInfomation 6-21-1979.


S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 W 6470247 0524337 1 2 0 sh4 23-1991

page 38

Figure 8-7 EXPANSION JOINT Wmi TIE RODS FOR CONDENSING OPERATIONWil" "UP" EXHAUST (Provlâes veitical flexibility without bnposlng thrust on the tu&lne.)

8AA Fo~cesDuetoTTemperature if a pipe is COMtected to some point as Am Figure 8-8, and hestheamfígurathshown by the soiid tine, it may assiimetheappmmak ' pOmtioashownbythedashline when heated to a higher temperature, pmviäing no restraint is offeredbypoint B. If both pomîs AandB are rigid points which may not wwc, the pipemay assumeashapesimuartothathwn by thedashbe mFigure 8-9 whai heated.



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Figure 8 4 EXPANSIONJOINT wmi TiE RODS FOR NONCONDENSING OPERATION (Proviaes awlel fiexlblllty without Imposing thnist on the tu*ine.)

~

S T D e N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L

6470247 0524338 Ob7

A

/////////// A

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m

STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL

L99L

6470247 0524339 TT3 W

Rigid supportsmay be usedto limit die movementofaihe to prevent excessive deflection at any point. A rigid sup-

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portisnotsatisfactoPywherethennalexpansionmaycause the pipe to move away from the support On the two types of rigid mpports shown in figue 8-12, the rise of the turbine CoNKctiOn due to temperatrire may lift the base elbow from the support so the tiabine would have to suppat the weight of the pipe. nie expansion of the vertical mn of pipe would relieve the pipe hanger of its ioad so the Mbine would again have to suppattheweightofthepipe.

Table 8-2 Temperature Rangesfor Forcesand Moments

Figure 8-12 DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT

'Ihe btrbine manufmurershonldbecoI1sulted toassure that the turbine car^ withstand forces and moments which wiU be imposed by Cdd-spning piping in the cald condih. Auihorired EngineeringInformation 6-21-1979.

8.4.5 FoicesDuetoDeadWeigM nie dead weight of the pipmg should be ea~tireiysup pmcdbypipehangersorsupports.Therearebasicallytwo -rigid and m g . Rigid supports types Of necesSay*=ted expansion joint is used


If an expansion joint with restraint ''ngtierodsisused, either a rigid pipe hanger or a bitse elbow with a siidhg oc rolling contact surface may be used as shown m fim 8-13. When the thrustdue toan expansionjointis less than the exhaust flange limits and no resminhg tie rods are used, the pipe shwld have an anchor as shown in Figure 8-14. Since this condition rarely exists, it is better to use the pn?fdarrange.mentsasshownin figure 8-13 andeliminate as mpch pipe reaction aspossiilerather rhanjustsiay withinthelimits. spnnghangersorsupportsare best suited to carry the dead weight when thereis thermai e x p s i o n to be considered. n i e movement of the pipe may change the spring tension or compression a smaü amount, and the banger loadings snaii amount, but may not remove the idfmm the banger. Pubiished manuals oc1 pipe design provide infonnatimon hangerspacingtogivepoper suppost Ia

additiontothis,itmaybefoundnecessarytoaddadditioaal


-

~


6470247 0524340 715

SM 23-1991 Page 41 Where:

Resuitant fme (pounds) at the CMnection. mis includes pessure forces Whereunreseauied ' expansion joinis are used except on vertical down exhausts Full vacuum load isallowedon Vertical down exhaust flanges. It is not included as part of the piping load frwn Figrire 8-15: FR=

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FR=-

Figure 8-13 DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT W i l H RESTRAINED

MR= Resultant moment (foot-pads) at Lhe connecth from Figure 8-15 MR=~ M ? + M ~ ~ + M ? De = Nominal pipe sizeof ihe conne~tionin inches ~p to eight inches in diameter. For sizes greater than this, use a vaiue of De = 3 VERTICAL

WPANSION JOINT

Fy

Figure &14 DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT WiTH UNRESTRAINED MPANSIONJOINT sqpnts or mweexisting supports ifresonant vibration appearsinthepiping. Aspring support should not be used to appose the titrust ofanexpansianjointWhcnthepnssureisnmovedh the line, the sping support may e x m a force the same as the expansionjoint ally m ihe opposite direction. wbigineemg-

8.4.6

'

6-21-1979.

AlkWable Fomes and Moments on Steam Turbines

'Ibefœcesandmantntsachgonstcamairbinesduem thesteam inlet,entraction,andexhaustconnectionsshould

be limited by the following: 8.4.6.1 nie totai resutmt force and totai resuitant moment imposedon thetucbimat any connection shwldnot exceed the values per Limit 1. 3FR + MR i;5oODe (Limit 1)


/

t

/

/'

/' ///

Il

1

z+

l I

Figure 8-15 COMPONENTS OF FORCES AND MOMENTS ON TURBINE CONSTRUCTION. POSiTiVE MoMENTS ROTATE COUNTERCLOCKWISE WHEN VIEWED LOOKING INTO POSITIVE FORCES 8.4.6.2 The combined iiesdtants of the fmes and moments of the inlet, extraction, and exhaust connections, resolved at the centerlines of the exhaust conndon should not exceed the vaiues per Limit 2.

a. These resultant should not exceed: 2 F c + hfc I=OD, Where:


(Limit 2)

STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1971 I6470247 0524343 b 5 L

tion,aaäexhaust~gsuptoamiue

of 9 inches in áiame€er. For values beyond this. use a value of Dcquai to:

~asde~byapplicabecodesaud~bad= ia. Authorized Engineering Infomiatkn 11-14-1985.

8.4.6.5 See Sample problems 8 4 ûB and 8C for examplesof how thesef m and momat limitationsareqplied toturbineinstallati0 -0s.

85 DRAINPIPING

IndividualdrainpipmgshOuldbe~withsbiiton valvesortraps. Authorired a nee ring Lnf#maEkn 11-14-1985.

8.ô LEAK-OFFS L e a k 4 should be piped dhxtly to an Opern iidn ventedtotheatmosphexew i b o u t v a h r e s o r a ~ to a combsue recway system. The pipe sixmid be adequately sized to avoid pmsure bdäup. AuthociredEngineeiinqInformatian . 11-14-1965.

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Combined resultant ofinlet,extraction, and exhaust fcuces, in poiincis. Combined resuIcBnt ofinlet,extract&, and exhaust momeum, and moments resulting 6rom fon!es, in poond-feet Diameser (in inches) of a circular opening equal tothe total aleas oftheinle&exlrac-

8.7 FULLFLOWREUEF VALVE Thetnrbinecasingaadmtanalpartsshdbcp.otected

a~texcesSivep.essinrebytheinstallaaon ' of afuü-fíow relief valve. The relief valve is connected into tht piping system between the aubiueexhaustconnectieo and the nrst shutd valve. niis relief valve should not be coafused with the sentbel warning valve whichwhcn sup pli& is maunteúon the Mbine casing. The full-flow relief device should be provided by the user aspart of the piping mstallationwhich iswrtanal to the tulbme. In COILdtLIsm * g appiicaoioar,a f an-flowdicf valve or nipun disc may be pm&d as plin of the c-œthttiirbiat. The size of the r n - hdevice diaildbe such that it willexhausttotheatm~the~mn
(as. bytheáabinemanufrictunr)whidi wiupassthroughthe~~withmaxmnimiinitial

steamconditions.

*

For condensrn * g sabines, the full-flow device should give full relief at no more than 10 psi POkni (¿3allge)l. Fot exlmtion Mbines ur back-tuhiDe& the fall-flow relief device shopldapen at 10psi om) Q 10 ~t(whichcvcrisgrtaoa)abovetbemaxmiunwrtasction~armaxmiumexhaastpresnnie.Therew device shalt give full relief atm mae thsn 10 pacent abovethe"start-to-open" pcwsure. ïfthehigh-~-pessweorhighextractimorIiriminnirn ~tripisfirmishedthereucfdevicepiesarresshopld braised 5 ppi 135 &(gaugc)l a n d t h C b i @ - ~ j ~ ~ + s r ~ etrip should be set at the above sure.



S T D a N E f l A SM 23-ENGL L991

m

b470247 0524342 5 9 8

m SM 23-1991 page 43

2

2 3 3 4

4 4 4 4 4 4

4 4 6 6

6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 16

6 8 6 8 8 10

12 16 18 20

24 30 36 12 16 18 20 2A

30 36 12 16 18 20

24 30 36 48 12 16 18 20 2r)

30 36 48 18 20

2.4 U)

36 48

24 30 36 48

316 412 335 427 447 480 511 575 607 640 706

791 1031 839 1068 1118 1199 1277 1437 1518 1600 1764 2011 2259 1309 1462

804

.904 524 585

in1

616 648 712 810 908

1620 1781 2025

mi

540

1351 495 1571 1648 1804

5981 628 659

722 817 915

2044

2287 2n8 1401 1536 1608 1682 1833

1111

560 614 643 673 733 827 923 1117 661 689 747 839 932 1125 781 867

2068

2307 2793 1651 1722 1868 2096 2331 2812 1952 2167 2391 2858

957

1143

632 825 671 854 894

959 1022 1150 1215 1280 1411 1609 1807 1047 1170 1232 1296 1425 1620 1817

1M1 11% 1257 1318 1443 1635 1829

2222 1121 1229 1286 1345 1467 1654 1845 2234 1321 1377 1494 167î 1865 2249

1561 1733 1913 2287

1581 2062

1677 2136 2236 2398 2554

2874 3037 3200 3528 4022 4518 2618 2924

3081 3240 3562 4050 4541 2702 2991 3141 3295

3608 4087 4573 5555 2802

3072 3216 3363 3667 4135 4614 5586 3303 3444 3736 4193 4662 5623 3904 4333 4783 5716

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---



791 1031 839 1068 1118 1199 1277 1437 1518 1600 1764 2011 2259 1309 1462 1541 16u) 1781

791 1031 839 1068 1118 1199 1277 1437 1518 1600 1764 m11 2259

1309 1462 1541 1620 1781

A125

2Q25

2271 1351 1495 1571 1648

2271 1351 14% 1571 1648 1804 2044

1804

2044 2287 2778 1401 1536 1608 1682 1833 2068

23û7 2793 1651 1722 1868 20% 2331 2812 1952 2167 2391 2858

2287

2718 1401 1536 1608 1682 1833 u168 2307 2793 1651 1722 1868 2096

2331 2812 1952 2167 2391 2858

STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL L99L

bY70247 0524343 4 2 4 IFI

SM 23-1991 Page 44

~shauldbenoairpocketsinthegrout.Aftertbegront is dry, connect the piping, fúlly tighten the foundatim bolts,and recheck me aiignment. Amixtureof cement and h e sand isnormaüy usedas grout, 'ihm are other mateaals availabie which bave proven tmxcssM. Care mustbeexcrciseüin tbe used matajals whicb expami while setting, as they may OVQ expaad and prescrit mare of a problem tban mven~onai materials such as cement and sand,which have atendency to shtmk d&hdy. 8-16 a d 8-17 -t typicai i l s a a h s d a r e ~ t e d o n l as y guide&) Aulhailled Engineering- 1 11-14-1oe5.

aio FLUSHING OIL SYSTEM prior to the initial start-up in accordance with the man~srecommendations. Authorized Engimefing Infomatiori 11-14-1985.

8.10.1 mushing oil shoold be compatiile with the finai airbiae oil.

aios oil should be circulatedtbmgh the entiresystem as long as necessary to remove or to flush parrialate matter back tothe oil reservoir. Aperiodic checkof theoil filtas or temporary screens should m e as a guide to detenninewtienmeoil isclean. Authorized Engineemg Inforniath 11-14-1985.



--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

When a foxwd-feed lubrication system is provided, flushing of the iubricatbn system should be perfarmed


= 6470247 0524344 360 SM 23-1991 Page 45

c

r

I

3

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1

Support Foot Mounting Pad Baseplate Anchor Bolt Anchor Nut Shims Foundation

Figm8-16 BASEPLATE MOUNTED TURBINE AND DRIVEN EWIPMENT



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7

S T D I N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L

H 6470247 05243q5 2T7

SM 23-1991 Page46,

/

1.

Support Foot

2. Soieplate 3. Hold-down Bolt Anchor Bolt 5. Anchor Nut

4.

6. Shims --``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

7. Foundation

Figure 8-17 SOLEPLATE MOUNTED TURBINE AND DRIVEN EQUIPMENT



-

STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1791

6470247 0524346 133

m SM 23-1991 Page 47

(31027)+ 680 5 (soo)(8) 1661S4ooois true so forces aadmom«itsoa the inlet flangeare within acœptablelimits f a exhaust &&

2 Check combined R E S U . M f o r aaad moment ON THE ?'U..ZNE Limit 2, Parap& 8.4.62.a.

Fx= 40-110= -7Olb -100 - 250 = -350 Ib

Fy

Fz= - 70 + 180 t +110 lb

I&=

200+500=+700Ib-ft

M y s 150+300=+450bft

ExhaustFíange & = -11Olb Fy= -25olb &= +180lb I&=+XI0 lbft My= +ux) lbft &= +350lb-ft check to see if these farces and moma@are w i t h NEMAguidclinea 1. ~ R E S U L T A N T f ~ d m o m c aONINDIts VIDUAL FLANGES against Limit 1. paragrriph 8.4.6.1.

&e - l m + 350 = +230 lbft F&70)z+(-350)z+(110)2-= 373 lb F~~(700)z+(450)2+(230)2 = 863 lb-ft Nominai inlet Flange Area = = 1257 ir? 4 Nominai~Fl8ngcArea.: = 50.27 Si2 4 Totai Fiange Area = 1257 + 50.27 = 6284 in2 Dc= = 8.%in.(Nocozrectiori x ntedtdbwvalues 9 m.aad Smaller.)

m2

m2

~=~(40)2+(-100)2+(-70)z= 128 lb

Allowpbk Foroes and Moments

Fx= 50&= 447lb F y = 125&= 11181b Fz=loO&s 8Wlb & = 250&=2236bft My 125 Dc = 1118 lû-ft &= 125Dc=1118lû-ft

Magnitu~oftheactualforcesandmomentscaicuiateù in Part 2 of this problem are lower than the allowable

ExbaustFiange F~=~(-110)~+(-250)~+(180)'=

327 ib

magnitudescalculatedabove.Therefaile.thecornponen~~ of rhe combined farce and moments on the turbine are WithinNEMAgUidelines. Resultsfrompipts 1,2,&3 of this problem show that forces and moments imposed by the piping system are WithinallNEMAgUidelines.



--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

mleproMem8A ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTSON STEAM TURBINES

STD.NEMA

S I 23-ENGL

L97L

6470247 0524347 07T

SM 23-1991 Page 48

Sample Problem88 ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON STEAM TURBINES A condensing turbine has a 6 inch side inlet and an 36 inch down exhaust. Analysis of the steam piping system pqxsed for the turbine has determined that the components dthe forces and moments imposed on the iniet and exhaustflanges(cxcludingfarceontheexhaust~~due IoprrssureforcesinttKumesaained * expansionjointinthe exhaust line.) will be 8s tabulated below. Inlet Fiange Fr= +901b Fy= -1zolb Fz= + m l b Mx= -350 lb-ft My= +200 lb-ft Mz= +150 Ib-ft

De =

(16+36)=17.33 inches

3

(3)(2!50)

+ O 500 (17.33)

750 S8665istniesoforcesandmomentsoathecxhaustfiangearewithinNEMAguidelines. 2 Checkcombined RESJLTANTfacesandm~meat ON THE TURBINE against Limit 2, Pamgmph 8.4.6.2.a Fx= W+O= 901b Fy = -150 - w ) = 400 Ib Fz= 200+0=200lb Mx = -350 + O = -350 lb-ft My= 2OO+O=ux)lb-ft I&= 150+0=15OIb-ft F&O)2+(400)z+(2Ml)2 =456 Ib &d(-350)2+(200)2+(1S0)2= 430 îb-fi . Nominai inlet Fiange Area = = 28.3 in2

ExhaustFlange Fx= O F y = -250lb FE= O Mx= O My= O &= O 4 Bellows area far the expansionjoint (obtained from NominalExhaust expansionjoint manufacturer) is 1030 square inches. Fiange Area =zQ&hJ2 = 1017.9 in2 Resure f m &vel@ by full vacuum in the expan4 sionpintis: Total Flange Area = 23.3 + 1017.9 = 1046.2 ia (1030 = 15,141 Ib (14.7 This is additional force in the -Ydirection. Check to see if thest forces and moments are within NEMAguidelines. 1. ~ k ~ U L T ~ f ~ ~ d r n ~ e n t s 0 N ~ ~ I Dc = 3 -i = 18.166 in. VIDUAL FLANGES against Limit 1, Paragraph 3 8.4.4 1. 2Fc+Mc525oDc Limit2 (2) (456) +4301250(18.166) inlet Flange 1342s4542 is me so the resultant forces and F~=~(!W)2+(-1S0)2+(200)'= 266 lb moments are within NEMA guiWines. M~=d(-350)~+(+C200)~+(150)~ =430 lb-ft 3. Check the COMPONENTS of the cunbined foi.ces and moments ON THE lU..LVE against values & = 6 inches (No correction needed for flanges 8" and smaller.) calculated per Paragraph 8.4.6.2.b. 3FR+mS500& Limit1 From calculations in part 2,i k = 18.166 in. (3)(266) + 430 5 (500)(6) 1228S3ûûû is true so facesand momentson the inlet flange are within NEMA guidelines. AUowable Forces and Momenis Fx= 50Dc= 908lb Mx= w)Dc=4541Ib-ft Fy=125Dc=2271lb My= 125Dc=2271lb-ft ExhaustFìange Fz= 100Dc= 18171b &= 125&=2271bft FR excludingpressweforce = Magnicudesoftheactuaifonwaad~cntscalailated d(0)2+(-250)2+(O)2 = 250 lb in Part 2 of this problem are lower than the dowable MR= d(0)2+(o,2+(O)2'=O ib magnitudes calculated above. 'brefore, the cum-

m2

in3

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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL

1971

b470247 0524348 TOb 9

SM 23-1991 Page 49 of Ik canbined fotces and Inomem on the turbine are

Total force on the exhaust fhnge is the vector total

WilhinNEhwgindClimes 4. aiecktoralforœmthetiabineexhaustfìange against h e limit pes jtaragrapb 8.4.6.3. paragraph 8.4.6.3 statts that fame on the exhaust flangc should not exceed 15-112 times the nominai

of pressme farce from iheexparrsionjoint and the facescaicukd with force excluded. Total farce = -15,141- w)=-15391Ib Results from parts 1.2.3 and4 ofthispmblm show that forces and moments imposed by the piping system are within ail NEMA guideiines.

Cxhaustarea (1017.9in5 = i s m ~b

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

(i5-w)




M 6470247 0524347 742

Sample Problem8C ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR A TURBINE WITH FOUR EXTRACTION OPENINGS Ara of opeahlp

Strofoprneei

ms
(UI 11 -

Inlet 14 EXamiQn#l 10

153.94 78.54

Extraction#2 8 50.26 Extraction#3 16 201.06 ExtracrionM 30 706.86 E;xhaust 148 17203.40 Fmd the diameter ofa circular opening equal to the total 8ceB

Equivalent Diameter = 4I133.W78.54+50.26+20 1.W7ûó.86+1'1203.40)

Equivalent Diameter = 153.04 Eiches Equivalent Dhmem must be corrected when value exceeds9inches . Dc = = 57.01 inches * 3

Calculate maximum allowable forces and moments

Fx = 50(57.01) = 2851 lb Fy= 125(57.01)= 71261b Fz= 100 (57.01)= 5701 lb

Mx = 250 (57.01)= 14253 lb-ft

My = 125 (57.01)= 7126lb-ft Mz = 125 (57.01)= 7126 lb-ft

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It



S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991

b470247 0524350 bb4

SM 23-1991 Page 51

-Section9 OPERATION AND MNNTENANCE

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9.1 INTRODUCTION To ensure thatthe turbine receivestbe caeand artention necessary and dfor this type of equipment, specific

iastnictionswithrespecttostartingup,shuaingdown,and routine operation shouid be provided by the mufacturet in the instruction manual fumisbed with the airbine. Authtnized Engineeringk\fom\rmon . 11-14-1985.

9s opmnoN The following should be @vencareful consideration by hopaator: 1. The steam supplied to the turbine should be free of debris. To ensure maximum protection, steam lines shouid be blown prior to Starting. 2. l h e steam turbine operator shouldbe aware of the hazards associated with ccmtaminatioa of the p m cess steam with agents which p r o m o t e stress

sim Cracking. 3. Avoid slugs of water and unduly wet steam. 4. Avoid great or sudden fluctuationsin pressure and temperamre of steam supply. 5. proMbeanadequatesuppiyofcleanwaterfreef?om acid or scale forming impurities for oil mlers,air cooïexs and the gïand ccmdensing system. 6. Provide lubricating oil of proper quality and characwtics, including initial flushing change. 7. Maintain a log of aperating conditions, including steam inia pressures and t e m m stage pressures, oii pressures, exhaust pres~ures,whition, and 50 fimdi. This is m i -t in predicting and scheduling inspection outages. 8. Check trip valves or trip and throttle valve for Operation. ----9. c h e c k o v e a s p e e d t r i p a t ~ intervals. 10. Check auxiliary oil pumps. e

Aurhwued EngineeringIníurmebjon 11-14-1985.

9.3

NONCONDENSINGTURBINE OPERA..N OF A MULTlsTAGECONDENSING TURBINE Noncondensing operation of a multistage condensing turbine is not recommended unies approved by the manufiumnx. High exhaust pressme and temperanne can cause last stage blade flutter,Casing distortion and damage and misalignment with driven machines. An mcrease m exhaust temperature and pressure may also af€ect pipiig farces. (Seepiping f o a calcuiationS given in Section 8.) Authorized Engineering Information 11-14-1985.

TYPICAL STARTING SEQUENCE FOR A STEAM TURBINE 1. Open exhaust shut off valve. 2. Sfartcoolingwater. 3. Startlubri&onoilsyStem. 4. Startsteamsealsystem. 5. Opmcasedrains. 6. S& or m e t aip valve. 7. crack open isolating valve. 8. Aüowcasingtoheatup. 9. Slowly upen isolating valve und governor Eakts control (observe manufacturer’s instructions re nard inn critical^. 10. h y &en isoladng ;alve. 11. Adjust governor speed. 12. closecasingdrains. 13. Monitor turbine operation untii stable operation is achieved

9.4

~

Authorized Engineering Information 11-14-1985.

9.5 MAINTENANCE 9.5.1 Introduction inspection and &ce should follow manuf~auw’s ioseuCtions. Frequency of inspection and degree of thoroughnessmay vary a n d a have tobe determhed by the mainteamce personnel: The foilowing is a typical maintenance program:

Daily 1. V i y inspect turbine for extemai damage and leaks. 2 Check oil level in resewoirand governor. 3. Check for unusual vibration and noise levels. 4. Check oil temperatureand press&. weekly 1. Check operation of auxiliary oil pump, if applicable. 2. Check operation of ail shut down devices. 3. Check that shafts are fite of oil or grease. 4. Exmise the tnp valve. Monthly 1. Check overspeed governor. 2 Check foundation bolts for tighmess. 3. Checkoiìandñlter. AMU~IY Shut down the turbine and perfom the following: 1. Remove and clean steam strainer. 2. Check shaft seals f a wear.

3. Check thrust bearing end piay. 4. Remove sentinel warning valve and check for

proper operation.



S T D a N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L

b b470247 0524353 5T0 9

SM 23-1991 Paga 52 5. 6. 7.

8.

9.

berter to prevent tbe bu&i up of sotids than to bave to removedepositsaf'tertheybavefonnexL AuihorizedEngineehgInfomiabon . 11-14-1985. 9.7 STEAMPURITY Steam nub& users should be a m ob the hazards associated with contamination of tbe steam by agents which migûtproniote stms cQnDGLos1 crackiag. solids baiM up. e€osirm, and corroaioa. conmmiaan@wichris sodium, bydroxicks. chIodes, sulfates. copper.Itab and sjlicacesmayresult inshoateaedturbineiifeandfaihaed iutunalpar&s of the turbine. Since it is not possible to prescnbc the &grce of coathatsteamniróine~cantoleratem order to achieve the iong life expected of intemalturbine canponcnts,onlyg~gui&lin~caIlbeoffd Farsmalllow~applications,~mayaperate taisfactorily on steam havingpnity.limitssetby the . A m e & m l 3 o i l e r ~see~=le~ 9-1. Auhized~neeringinfomiaiiar . 11-14-1985.



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. .

-

_

-


~

_

6470247 0524352 437 W

SM 23-1991 Page 53

Table 9-1 WATERTUBE BOILERS RECOMMENDED BOILER WATER UMil'S AND ASSOCIATED STMM PURITY AT STEADY WATE FULL LOAD OPERATION DRUM TYPE BOILERS

0-300 3014% 451-600 601-79 751-900 901-1Ooo

0-2068 2069-3103 3104-4137 4138-5171 5172-6206 6207-6895

700-3500 600-uxx) 5002500

140-700 12O-600 1CNMM

#)(11OOO

40-m

150- 750 125- 625

30-150 25-125

15 10 8 3 2 1

-

0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.1 - 0 5 0.1 - 0 5 0.1 05

-

Table 9-2 SEAM PURITY- LIMITS

conductivity-

Micn>mhoslcm at Z 0 C Dnun

0.3

ûnce dirough

0.2

SiO, ppb. max Fe,ppb, m a Cu, max

1.o 0.5 50 50 10

20 20 3

e,

Na+K,ppb,Up to 800 psi [5516kPa (gauge)] 801 to 1450 psi 15517 to 9998 kPa(gauge)] 1451 to 2400 psi [9999 to 16548 kPa(gauge)] Over 24Oû psi [over 16548 kPa(gauge)]

20

20 10 5

10 5 3

3

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标准分享网 www.bzfxw.com 免费下载

S T D g N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1791 I 6470247 0524353 373

SM23-1991 pases

Section 10 INQUIRY GUIDE (Authorized Engineering Information) Job No. Item No. inquiry order No. pinrchase Chder No. Revisim

Sk. savice ManuEacMa

No. Required: Driven Equip.

GearYesJNo

Model

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Previous page is blank. Licensee=Defense Contract Mgmt Command/5935922100 Not for Resale, 09/18/2006 02:36:51 MDT

sM23-1991

Page 56

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mut Mamifactunr'sstandard



S T D * N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL 1991

6470247 0524355 L 4 b

SM23-1991 Page 57

Factory Tests

Hydo test No-load running test DynamiCbalancerotor

site utilities cooling w8t#: coding wata: Electrid supply:

Conml(s)

Motaro

NOM

other

Brackish

Fresh Tempcracure-

d d c

volts volts

Air Supply Maximm

Minimm

--``,`,``,,``,```,``,`,`,,,``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Site Environment Ambient tempexatwe Elevation

Hz Hz

phase phase pressiire

Environment Rdection at Site (Sor i ) Enclosed SheltfXd

outdooa

other

For monthss!crragepriortowartup S = Storage I = Installation

Remarks

Drawings and Data to be Supplied certifiedoutlinedrawings

Recommendedspanpamlist Instnicdonbooks other


No.


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MA



NEMA SM23-1991.pdf

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