NEMA SG4-2009

NEMA SG 4 ALTERNATING CURRENT HIGH-VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS

NEMA Standards Publication SG 4-2009 Alternating Current High-Voltage Circuit Breakers

Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 www.nema.org H

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Under license from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor New York, NY 10016-5997 USA www.ieee.org H

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© Copyright 2009 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved, including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. NEMA standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or seller’s products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.

SG 4-2009 Page i

Contents Page

Foreword .............................................................................................................................iii Section 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Section 2 2.1 Section 3 3.1 3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5 3.6 Section 4 4.1 4.2 4.3

Section 5 5.1

Section 6 6.1

GENERAL........................................................................................................................... 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 1 References.......................................................................................................................... 1 Definitions............................................................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 Applicable American National Standards............................................................... 3 RATING STANDARDS ....................................................................................................... 5 Applicable American National Standards ............................................................................ 5 FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND REQUIREMENTS ................................................... 6 Applicable American National Standards ............................................................................ 6 Operating Mechanisms For Outdoor Circuit Breakers ........................................................ 6 3.2.1 All Operating Mechanisms ..................................................................................... 6 3.2.2 For Pneumatic Mechanisms Only .......................................................................... 6 3.2.3 For Spring Charge Mechanisms ............................................................................ 6 3.2.4 For Hydraulic Mechanisms..................................................................................... 6 Requirements for Terminals and Connections.................................................................... 7 3.3.1 Threaded Terminals ............................................................................................... 7 3.3.2 Flat Terminals ........................................................................................................ 7 3.3.3 Ground Terminals .................................................................................................. 7 Instrument Current Transformers ....................................................................................... 7 3.4.1 Ratings ................................................................................................................... 9 3.4.2 Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 13 3.4.3 Test Procedures................................................................................................... 17 Undervoltage Trip Device.................................................................................................. 17 Secondary and Control Wi Wiring ring (Small Wiring) .................................................................. 18 TESTING STANDARDS ................................................................................................... 19 Applicable American National Standards Standards .......................................................................... 19 Radio Influence Voltage Tests as Applicable (Design (Design Test) ............................................. 19 Noise Requirements.......................................................................................................... 21 4.3.1 Terminology and Definitions................................................................................. 21 4.3.2 Noise Exposure Conditions.................................................................................. 21 4.3.3 Noise Level........................................................................................................... 21 4.3.4 Noise Measurement Equipment........................................................................... 22 4.3.5 Design Tests ........................................................................................................ 23 SPECIAL APPLICATION.................................................................................................. 24 Repetitive Duty Circuit Breakers for Arc Furnace Switching ............................................. 24 5.1.3 Operating Conditions ........................................................................................... 24 5.1.4 Conditions of the Circuit Breaker ......................................................................... 24 5.1.5 Minimum Operations Under Fault Conditions ...................................................... 24 RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................................. 26 General ............................................................................................................................. 26

Appendices A

BUSHING POTENTIAL DEVICES FOR TANK-TYPE OUTDOOR OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS....................................................................................................................... 27

B

TYPICAL CONNECTION FOR SECONDARY BURDENS ............................................... 32

© Copyright 2009 by IEEE.

SG 4-2009 Page ii

Tables Table 3-1 THREAD DIMENSIONS FOR THREADED TERMINAL STUDS ................................................. 7 Table 3-2 ACCURACY CLASS RATINGS FOR CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR OUTDOOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Table 3-3 PREFERRED CURRENT RATINGS AND SECONDARY TAP CONNECTIONS FOR MULTIRATIO CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ....................................................................................................... 12 Table 4-1 LIMITS OF RADIO INFLUENCE VOLTAGE............................................................................... 20 Table 4-2 SOUND LEVEL LIMITS .............................................................................................................. 22 Table 4-3 PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURE ........................................................................................... 23 Table 5-1 OPERATING CAPABILITIES...................................................................................................... 24

Figures Figure 3-1 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS........................................................................ 8 Figure 3-2 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS........................................................................ 8 Figure 3-3 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS........................................................................ 8 Figure 3-4 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS........................................................................ 8 Figure 3-5 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS........................................................................ 8 Figure 3-6 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF TWO BUSHING-TYPE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ON ONE POLE OF DEAD-TANK-TYPE CIRCUIT BREAKERS, SHOWING TAPS AND NUMBERING BOARD...................................................................................................... 14 SYSTEMS ON CONNECTION BOARD.................................................................................................... Figure 3-7 CURRENT TRANSFORMER AND LEAD IDENTIFICATION OF BUSHING-TYPE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR DEAD-T DEAD-TANK-TYPE ANK-TYPE CIRCUIT CIRCUIT BREAKERS......................................................... 15 Figure 3-8 CURRENT TRANSFORMER AND L LEAD EAD IDENTIFICATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR LIVE-TANK-TYPE CIRCUIT BREAKERS ........................................................... 16


SG 4-2009 Page iii

Foreword This is one of a series of NEMA standards publications covering the range of low- to high-voltage switchgear products. Such products are generally applied to utility and industrial uses with a portion going to commercial applications. User and general interest input played a significant part in the development of the product requirements carried by this publication. It, as well as other NEMA standards publications, is not intended to stand alone. Without exception: a. It adopts by reference the appropriate IEEE and American National Standards as the main body of this NEMA publication. b. It offers a vehicle for getting into print the proposed NEMA revisions of the pertinent C37 standards, until such time as those revisions can be evaluated, approved, and published as a revision of the particular American National Standard. c. It covers additional information about a product of specific interest to the manufacturing community, which the American National Standards Committee does not include in its scope. Within this NEMA publication, therefore, the main focus is on American National Standards and the consensus method of standards approval used by ANSI. This standard is a revision of NEMA SG 4-2000 and contains both substantive and editorial changes. Approximate metric conversion of U.S. dimensions has been included for reference. Sections 1 through 5 contain only minor changes from the 2000 edition of this standard. The information revisions in these sections has been offered to IEEE for re visions of ANSI/IEEE C37.04 and ANSI/IEEE C37.09. When these documents are suitably revised, this material will be deleted from SG 4. Until this information is reflected in the IEEE standards, it continues to be included in SG 4. Section 6 has essentially been eliminated. The material formerly in this section has been revised and incorporated in a separate guide, NEMA SG 11-2008 Guide for Handling and Maintenance of Alternating Current Outdoor High Voltage Circuit Breakers Breakers. These standards are periodically reviewed by the High-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Voting Classification of the Switchgear Section of NEMA for any revisions necessary to keep them up-to-date with advancing technology. Proposed or recommended revisions shall be submitted to: Vice President, Technical Services National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209 This standards publication was developed by the High-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Voting Classification of the Switchgear Section of NEMA. Section approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all members voted for its approval or participated in its development. At the time it was approved, the voting classification was composed of the following members: T. Olsen, Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution, Inc.—Chair J. Baskin, Federal Pacific R. Beard, Hubbell Power Systems A. Bonner, Cooper Power Systems E. Byron, Schneider Electric/Square D Company C. Kennedy, Schneider Electric/Square D Company R. W. Long, Eaton Electrical, Inc.


SG 4-2009 Page iv

J. Pauley, Schneider Electric/Square D Company C. Schneider, Schneider Electric/Square D Company D. Sigmon, ABB Inc. Low Voltage Products & Systems D. Stone, Cooper Power Systems T. Tobin, S&C Electric Company P. Walsh, Ferraz Shawmut H. Wilson, Mitsubishi Electric Power Products Inc. J. Wiseman, Schneider Electric/Square D Company R. Yanniello, Eaton Electrical, Inc. R. York, ABB Inc.


SG 4-2009 Page 1

Section 1 GENERAL 1.1

SCOPE

This standards publication encompasses: a. All ratings for outdoor circuit breakers above 1000 volts for alternating-current service. Circuit breakers for service in metal-enclosed or metal-clad enclosures and automatic circuit reclosers are excluded. b. Attachments for these circuit breakers, such as bushing current transformers, bushing potential devices, interlocks, undervoltage trip devices, shunt trips, overcurrent trips, and auxiliaries sold with the circuit breakers such as closing relays and structural steel supports. c. Renewal, modernizing, and spare parts for these circuit breakers and attachments. d. Recommended installation, operation, and maintenance procedures. 1.2

REFERENCES

The following publications are adopted in whole and in part as indicated herein as referenced in this standards publication: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 4-1995

Techniques for High-Voltage Testing

4a-2001

Amendment to IEEE Standard Techniques for High-Voltage Testing

C2-2007

National Electrical Safety Code

C37.04-1999

Rating Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers

C37.06-2000

Preferred Ratings and Related Required Capabilities for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis

C37.06.1-2000

High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis Designated “Definite Purpose for Fast Transient Recovery Voltage Rise Times”

C37.082-1982 (R 1988)

Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels of AC Power Circuit Breakers

C37.09-1999

Test Procedure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis

C37.11-1997

Requirements for Electrical Control for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis


SG 4-2009 Page 2 C37.12-1991

AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis—Specifications Guide

C37.010-1999

Application Guide for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis

C37.011-2005

Application Guide for Transient Recovery Voltage for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis

C37.012-2005

Application Guide for Capacitance Current Switching AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Rated on a Symmetrical Current Basis

C37.015-1993 (R1999)

Application Guide for Shunt Reactor Current Switching

C37.85-2002

Safety Requirements for X-Radiation Limits for AC High-Voltage Power Vacuum Interrupters

C37.100-1992

Definitions for Power Switchgear

C57.13-2008

Requirements for Instrument Transformers

C57.19.00-2004

General Requirements and Test Procedures for Outdoor Power Apparatus Bushings

C57.19.01-2000

Performance Characteristics and Dimensions for Outdoor Apparatus Bushings

C84.1-2006

Voltage Ratings for Electric Power Systems and Equipment (60 Hz)

S1.1-1994 (R2004)

Acoustical Terminology (Including Mechanical Shock and Vibration)

S1.4-1983 (R2001)

Specification for Sound Level Meters (including Supplement S1.4a-1985)

S1.13-2005

Methods for the Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels

Note—The latest NEMA approved revision for the referenced ANSI and IEEE standards will be in effect.

National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park, Box 9101 Quincy, MA 02269-9101 70B-2006

Electrical Equipment Maintenance

70E-2009

Electrical Safety Requirements for Employee Workplaces

American Society for Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Order Department 22 Law Drive, Box 2300 Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300 Material Specifications BPVC Section 8-2004

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section 8, Pressure Vessels


SG 4-2009 Page 3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 100 Barr Harbor Drive West Conshohocken, PA 19428 F855-04

Standard Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds to be used on De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 B1.1-2003

Unified Inch Screw Threads

IEC Central Office Customer Service Center 3, rue de Varembe P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland IEC publications are available for ordering either from IEC directly or from ANSI. Note—Refer to the listing of ANSI standards

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331 Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331 C50.13-2005

Cylindrical-Rotor 50 Hz and 60 Hz Synchronous Generators Rated 10 MVA and Above

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards Publications Office 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, VA 22209 CC 1-2005

Electric Power Connectors for Substations

107-1988 (R1993)

Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage (RIV) of HighVoltage Apparatus

Note—The latest NEMA approved revision for the referenced ANSI and IEEE standards will be in effect.

1.3

DEFINITIONS

1.3.1

Applicable American National Standards

ANSI/IEEE C37.100 has been approved by NEMA and, with the following additions, constitutes Section 1 of this publication. air system for operating mechanism: An assembly of parts and devices that provide compressed air for the operation of a circuit breaker or circuit breaker operating mechanism. It shall be permitted to include equipment external to the circuit breaker, equipment, or both, that is an integral part of the circuit breaker or circuit breaker mechanism.


SG 4-2009 Page 4 alarm pressure switch: A switch that initiates a signal when the operating pressure is above or below the desired range. blade tip: The contact-making end of a blade-shaped contact member. burden regulation: The deviation in ratio and phase angle of the secondary voltage as a function of burden variation over a specified range with a constant rated primary line-to-ground voltage. continuous noise: The noise produced by vibrations, fans, and blowers. free standing current transformer: A current transformer having a primary winding consisting of one or more turns mechanically encircling the core(s). The primary winding(s) and secondary winding(s) are insulated from each other and from the core(s) and are permanently assembled as an integral structure independent of the circuit breaker. hydraulic system for hydraulically operated mechanisms: An assembly of parts and devices that provides for the control of hydraulic energy for the operation of a circuit breaker or circuit breaker operating mechanism. impulse noise: operations.

The noise produced by a closing, opening, or combination of closing and opening

intermittent noise: The noise produced by periodic operation (occurring one or more times per week) of such devices as compressors, hydraulic pumps, compressor unloader exhausts, air regulator valves, and air drains. interrupter column: A movable or stationary insulating column that contains the interrupter element and the connecting pneumatic or mechanical devices necessary for the operation of the interrupter by the circuit breaker mechanism. interrupter for compressed air-blast circuit breakers: An assembly of pneumatic and mechanical parts operable to obtain interruption of current flow. interrupter head: The interrupter element within the interrupter column or pole unit where current interruption occurs. interrupter resistor and/or capacitor: A device used in conjunction with the interrupter to reduce short-circuit current or the rate of rise of recovery voltage across separable contacts at interruption, or both, or to equalize voltages across two or more separable contacts in series at and after interruption or to assist in controlling voltage surges on closing. lockout pressure switch: A switch that prevents the electrical operation of a circuit breaker if the operating pressure is below a predetermined value. pressure switch: A switch that closes or opens an electrical circuit in response to a predetermined value of pressure. stroke: The distance covered by the moving contacts between the fully closed and fully opened (at rest) position. For circuit breakers with pivoted contact blades, the stroke is the distance covered by the moving contact blade tip between the fully closed and fully opened positions. voltage regulation: The deviation in ratio and phase angle of the secondary voltage as a function of primary line-to-ground voltage variation over a specified range with a constant linear impedance burden.


SG 4-2009 Page 5

Section 2 RATING STANDARDS 2.1

APPLICABLE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

ANSI/IEEE C37.04, ANSI C37.06, and ANSI C37.06.1 have been approved by NEMA and constitute Section 2 of this publication.


SG 4-2009 Page 6

Section 3 FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND REQUIREMENTS 3.1


ANSI/IEEE C37.04, ANSI C37.06, ANSI C37.06.1, ANSI/IEEE C37.09, ANSI/IEEE C37.11, ANSI/IEEE C57.13, and ANSI/IEEE C57.19.00 have been approved by NEMA and, with the following additions, constitute Section 3 of this publication. 3.2

OPERATING MECHANISMS FOR OUTDOOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS

3.2.1

All Operating Mechanisms

The types of operating mechanisms used differ in the means used for obtaining the power required to operate a circuit breaker. The following general features apply to all types. a. The mechanism shall be trip-free as described in clause 6.9 of ANSI/IEEE C37.04 under operating mechanism requirements. b. Electrical control shall meet the requirements of ANSI/IEEE C37.11. c. The control voltages and their ranges for closing and tripping shall be in accordance with ANSI C37.06 and shall apply to all electrically operated devices involved in the operation of the mechanisms. Specified operating times are obtained with rated control voltage on the devices. d. The operating mechanism shall be mounted and enclosed in weatherproof housing with doors so arranged as to make accessible parts of the mechanism usually requiring inspection or maintenance. Each housing shall have a removabl removable e conduit plate or sufficient conduit knockouts for bringing in conduit. e. The wiring for all control devices shall be included and shall terminate on readily accessible terminal blocks adjacent to incoming conduit. f. To reduce condensation, each housing shall have a continuously operating heater, 120 or 240 volts alternating current. g. If required for maintenance of the circuit breaker, a means of manual operation during maintenance shall be provided. h. Means shall be provided to prevent automatic operation of the mechanism when maintenance work is being done. 3.2.2

For Pneumatic Mechanisms Only

The air tank shall conform to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section 8. A manually operated valve shall provide for draining the air-condensed moisture and oil from the lowest point of the air system. The air tank shall be equipped with a safety relief valve set at approximately 20 percent above the normal operating pressure. Pressure switches shall (1) give alarm indication when the pressure drops to a value approximately 10 percent above the minimum operating pressure of the mechanism and (2) prevent the mechanism from attempting a closing operation when the pressure is too low to complete an operation by opening up the closing control circuit. These features can be combined into one device. 3.2.3

For Spring Charge Mechanisms

For specific requirements for motor-operated spring-charged mechanisms, refer to ANSI/IEEE C37.04. 3.2.4

For Hydraulic Mechanisms

For hydraulic mechanisms, the mechanism, if specified, shall be so arranged that manual charging and manual release for maintenance closing is possible.


SG 4-2009 Page 7 The manual closing function shall not be used if the circuit breaker is energized, unless the stored energy indicator shows that minimum operating pressure for operation is available. The hydraulic system shall be equipped with a safety relief valve set at approximately 20 percent above the normal hydraulic operating pressure. An alarm pressure switch shall close when the hydraulic pressure drops to a value approximately 10 percent above the minimum operating pressure of the mechanism. A lockout pressure switch shall prevent the mechanism from attempting a closing operation when the hydraulic pressure is too low to complete the operation. (These functions shall be permitted to be combined into one device.) One manually operated valve shall provide for closing the circuit breaker hydraulically from the mechanism housing. 3.3

REQUIREMENTS FOR TERMINALS AND CONNECTIONS

3.3.1

Threaded Terminals

The thread dimensions for threaded terminal studs for circuit breakers shall be in accordance with Table 3-1.

Table 3-1 THREAD DIMENSIONS FOR THREADED TERMINAL STUDS

Stud diameter inches

Number of threads per inch

Thread class

3/4 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/2

16 12 12 12 12 12 12

UNF-2A UNF-2A UNF-2A UNF-2A UN-2A UN-2A UN-2A

3.3.2

Minimum length Length Usable of stud thread inches(mm) inches (mm) 2 2-1/2 2-1/2 2-1/2 2-1/2 3 3

(50) (63) (63) (63) (63) (76) (76)

1-1/2 2-1/8 2-1/8 2-1/8 2-1/8 2-1/2 2-1/2

(38) (53) (53) (53) (53) (63) (63)

Flat Terminals

The flat terminal requirements shall be in accordance with Figures 3-1 to 3-5. Bolt holes are 9/16 inch (14 mm) in diameter. Refer to NEMA CC 1 for detailed requirement. 3.3.3

Ground Terminals

The circuit breaker ground terminals shall be unpainted, copper faced steel or stainless steel pad, 2 inches by 3.5 inches (51 mm by 89 mm) minimum area for terminal connection. The terminal area shall be provided with two holes spaced on 1.75 inch (44 mm) centers. The holes shall either be 9/16 inch (14 mm) diameter through-holes, or, alternatively, shall be drilled and tapped for a 1/2 inch-13NC thread in accordance with ANSI B1.1-1989, and shall have a thread depth of 0.5 inch (13 mm). If through-holes are provided, the pad shall be at least 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) thick. 3.4

INSTRUMENT CURRENT TRANSFORMERS

This standard is a supplement to ANSI/IEEE C57.13 to cover those requirements peculiar to current transformers used on or with circuit breakers.


SG 4-2009 Page 8

Figure 3-1 BOLT HOLES FOR TERMINAL CONNECTORS





Notes— 1 All dimensions are in inches (mm for reference only). 2 Holes in Figures 3-1 through 3-5 are 9/16 inch (14 mm). 3 Material is from NEMA CC1.


SG 4-2009 Page 9 3.4.1

Ratings

The ratings of a current transformer used for AC high-voltage circuit breakers shall include those terms used in ANSI/IEEE C57.13 and the following additional terms: a. Maximum voltage b. Dielectric withstand c. Thermal short-time current capability 3.4.1.1 Ratings Applicable to all Types of Current Transformers 3.4.1.1.1 Continuous Thermal Current Capability The continuous thermal current capability of a current transformer shall be equal to the rated continuous current of the circuit breaker with which it is used when connected on a ratio having a primary current rating equal to or greater than the continuous current rating of the circuit breaker. Note—If connection is made on a lower ratio, the circuit breaker can carry a current equal to the primary current of that ratio including the thermal factor without causing overheating of the current transformer.

3.4.1.1.2 Mechanical Short-time Current Capability The mechanical short-time current capability of any tap of a single-ratio or multi-ratio current transformer shall be the lesser symmetrical current value of either (1) 120 times the rated primary current of the tap under consideration or (2) the closing and latching capability of the circuit breaker as defined in ANSI C37.06. Note—Where item (1) is the lower value, the effects of the power system parameters, secondary burden, and thermal short-time current capability shall be considered in the application of current transformers.

3.4.1.1.3 Thermal Short-time Current Capability The thermal short-time current capability of a single ratio transformer or any tap of a multi-ratio current transformer shall be the lesser symmetrical current value of either (1) 60 times the rated primary current of the tap under consideration for 1 second, (2) 42.5 times the rated primary current of the tap under consideration for 2 seconds, or (3) the short-time current-carrying capability of the circuit breaker as defined in ANSI C37.06. 3.4.1.1.4 Accuracy Class Ratings The accuracy class ratings of current transformers at standard burdens shall be as shown in Table 3-2.


SG 4-2009 Page 10

Table 3-2 ACCURACY CLASS RATINGS FOR CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR OUTDOOR CIRCUIT BREAKERS Circuit breaker ratings Maximum voltage, kV, rms

Continuous current 60 Hz, amperes, rms

15.5 through 48.3

72.5

123 and above

1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

Accuracy class ratings Relaying service

1

Metering service

Multi-ratio current 2 transformers

Accuracy voltages, 3 class

Single-ratio current 4 transformers

600 800 1200 2000 3000 4000 5000

600:5 1200:5 2000:5 3000:5 4000:5 5000:5

100 200 400 800

300:5 600:5 800:5 1200:5 1500:5 2000:5 3000:5

1200 2000

1200:5 2000:5 3000:5

400 800

1200 1600 2000 3000 4000

1200:5 2000:5 3000:5 4000:5 5000:5

800

Accuracy 5 class 0.6B--0.5 0.6B--0.5 0.6B--0.5 0.3B--0.5 0.3B--0.5 0.3B--0.5 0.3B--0.5

These values apply only when current transformers are used on 60 Hz circuits. These current transformers normally have a primary current rating that corresponds to the continuous current rating of the circuit breaker, except that circuit breakers rated 800 and 1600 amperes use current transformers rated 1200 and 2000 amperes, respectively. These secondary terminal voltage values for C or T classifications apply to the full winding as specified in ANSI/IEEE C57.1 C57.13 for 10 percent error. Minimum ratios shall not be less than 50 percent of the continuous current rating of the circuit breaker. These values apply only to those secondary windings specified for metering service.

3.4.1.1.5 Nameplates Bushing-type current transformers shall have nameplates that meet the requirements in ANSI/IEEE C37.04. Current transformer nameplates shall be provided that contain the following data, as applicable. The requirements of ANSI/IEEE C57.13 are included in these data. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l.

Manufacturer's name Manufacturer's type designation Manufacturer's serial number Year of manufacture Rated frequency Rated maximum voltage Rated impulse withstand voltage Rated power-frequency withstand voltage Rated switching-impulse withstand voltage Rated primary current Rated secondary current Rated continuous-thermal-current factor


SG 4-2009 Page 11 m. n. o. p. q. r.

Rated thermal short-time current Rated mechanical short-time current Weight of complete current transformer Gallons of oil or weight of gas per current transformer Instruction book number A connection diagram showing: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The primary terminal markings The position of each secondary core The terminal designation of each core The polarity markings of the primary and each core The turns ratio between each terminal The full winding ratio expressed, for example, as 3000:5 MR The accuracy class of each core and the ratio for which the accuracy is expressed

3.4.1.1.6 Excitation Characteristics The manufacturer shall be consulted for typical excitation characteristics. 3.4.1.2 Preferred Current Ratings for Multi-Ratio Bushing-Type Current Transformers The preferred primary and secondary current ratings and the preferred secondary tap connections for multi-ratio bushing-type current transformers shall be as shown in Table 3-3. 3.4.1.3 Ratings for Free-Standing Current Transformers 3.4.1.3.1 Rated Dielectric Withstand Insulation classes and dielectric tests shall be as shown in ANSI/IEEE C57.13. Note—If these current transformers are to be installed with circuit breakers, the manufacturer shall be consulted because the dielectric tests and test procedures are different.

Wet dielectric voltage tests and creepage distances shall be as shown in ANSI/IEEE C57.13. Switching-impulse withstand voltage tests for voltage ratings of 362 kV and above shall be as shown in ANSI C37.06.


SG 4-2009 Page 12 Table 3-3 PREFERRED CURRENT RATINGS AND SECONDARY TAP CONNECTIONS FOR MULTI-RATIO CURRENT TRANSFORMERS Current ratings, amperes

Turns ratios

Secondary taps

Current ratings, amperes

600:5 50:5 100:5 150:5 200:5 250:5 300:5 400:5 450:5 500:5 600:5

10:1 20:1 30:1 40:1 50:1 60:1 80:1 90:1 100:1 120:1

20:1 40:1 60:1 80:1 100:1 120:1 160:1 180:1 200:1 240:1

X2-X3 X1-X2 X1-X3 X4-X5 X3-X4 X2-X4 X1-X4 X3-X5 X2-X5 X1-X5

300:5 500:5 800:5 1000:5 1200:5 1500:5 2000:5 2200:5 2500:5 3000:5

60:1 80:1 100:1 160:1 220:1 240:1 300:1 320:1 400:1

60:1 100:1 160:1 200:1 240:1 300:1 400:1 440:1 500:1 600:1

X3-X4 X4-X5 X3-X5 X1-X2 X2-X3 X2-X4 X2-X5 X1-X3 X1-X4 X1-X5

4000:5 X2-X3 X1-X2 X1-X3 X4-X5 X3-X4 X2-X4 X1-X4 X3-X5 X2-X5 X1-X5

500:5 1000:5 1500:5 2000:5 2500:5 3000:5 3500:5 4000:5

2000:5 300:5 400:5 500:5 800:5 1100:5 1200:5 1500:5 1600:5 2000:5

Secondary taps

3000:5

1200:5 100:5 200:5 300:5 400:5 500:5 600:5 800:5 900:5 1000:5 1200:5

Turns ratios

100:1 200:1 300:1 400:1 500:1 600:1 700:1 800:1

X1-X2 X3-X4 X2-X3 X1-X3 X2-X4 X1-X4 X2-X5 X1-X5

5000:5 X3-X4 X1-X2 X4-X5 X2-X3 X2-X4 X1-X3 X1-X4 X2-X5 X1-X5

500:5 1000:5 1500:5 2000:5 2500:5 3000:5 3500:5 4000:5 5000:5


100:1 200:1 300:1 400:1 500:1 600:1 700:1 800:1 1000:1

X2-X3 X4-X5 X1-X2 X3-X4 X2-X4 X3-X5 X2-X5 X1-X4 X1-X5

SG 4-2009 Page 13 3.4.1.3.2 Rated Primary and Secondary Current The maximum rated primary current of a wound-type current transformer shall be at least equal to the rated continuous current and the load current carrying capability of the circuit breaker with which the current transformer is to be used. Current ratings for multi-ratio wound-type current transformers for relaying service shall be as shown in Table 3-3. The current ratings for single-ratio current transformers for metering service shall be 300:5, 600:5, 800:5, 1200:5, 1500:5, 2000:5, and 3000:5. 3.4.2

Characteristics

3.4.2.1 Polarity and Lead Marking Polarity and lead marking shall be as shown in ANSI/IEEE C57.13 and in accordance with the following additional requirements. 3.4.2.1.1 Bushing-Type Current Transformers Polarity and lead marking for bushing-type current transformers shall be as shown in Figures 3-6 and 3-7. The two leads for single-ratio current transformers such as those used for metering service shall be marked X1 and X2. 3.4.2.1.2 Free-standing Current Transformers Polarity and lead markings for multi-ratio and single-ratio secondaries for current transformers shall be as shown in Figure 3-8. Single-ratio secondaries with two leads shall be marked with suitable prefix letters and suffix numbers. A fourth secondary with a single-ratio secondary for metering service shall use secondary terminal markings W1 and W2. If this fourth secondary is a multi-ratio secondary for relaying service, it shall use secondary terminal markings W1, W2, and W3. As shown in Figure 3-8, H1 shall be the marked primary terminal. This terminal shall be electrically and mechanically connected to the upper structure of the current transformer. The H2 terminal shall be electrically insulated from the upper structure and from H1, and it shall connect to the circuit breaker. 3.4.2.2 Secondary Leads and Terminations Secondary leads shall be brought out to accessible terminal boards with polarity, phase, and lead designations shown on suitable connection diagrams. Terminal boards shall be equipped with means for short circuiting individual secondaries. Where applicable, secondary leads shall be brought out through suitable oil- and gas-tight seals. 3.4.2.3 Primary Terminal Connection Mechanical Loading The maximum mechanical loading which may be applied to the primary terminal connection of a current transformer shall equal that required for a circuit breaker terminal connection as shown in ANSI/IEEE C37.04.


SG 4-2009 Page 14

Figure 3-6 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF TWO BUSHING-TYPE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS ON ONE POLE OF DEAD-TANK-TYPE CIRCUIT BREAKERS, SHOWING TAPS AND NUMBERING SYSTEMS ON CONNECTION BOARD NOTE—When intermediate taps are used, the tap numerically nearest X1 has the same polarity as X1.


SG 4-2009 Page 15

Figure 3-7 CURRENT TRANSFORMER AND LEAD IDENTIFICATION OF BUSHING-TYPE CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR DEAD-TANK-TYPE CIRCUIT BREAKERS Exact location of current transformers, leads, polarity marks, and terminal blocks shall be determined from the manufacturer’s connection diagram or instructions. When one current transformer per pole is used, current transformers are located on primary terminals 1-35 unless otherwise specified.


SG 4-2009 Page 16

Figure 3-8 CURRENT TRANSFORMER AND LEAD IDENTIFICATION OF CURRENT TRANSFORMERS FOR LIVE-TANK-TYPE CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Exact location of current transformers, leads, polarity marks, and terminal blocks shall be determined from the manufacturer’s connection diagram or instructions.


SG 4-2009 Page 17 3.4.2.4 Typical Connection for Secondary Burdens Typical connection for secondary burdens to bushing-type current transformers shall be as shown in Figures B-1 through B-4 in Appendix B. Similar connections shall be made for the various secondaries of free standing current transformers, except that all four secondaries shall be on the same side of the circuit breaker. 3.4.3

Test Procedures

The following design and production tests shall be made on instrument current transformers for use on or with circuit breakers. 3.4.3.1 Design Tests The design test requirements and procedures shall be as specified in ANSI/IEEE C57.13 and in accordance with the following additional requirements. 3.4.3.1.1 When rated dielectric strength is not demonstrated in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C57.13, the test requirements and procedures as specified in ANSI C37.06 and ANSI/IEEE C37.09 shall be used. 3.4.3.1.2 Wet dielectric tests shall be made with values in accordance with ANSI C37.06 and ANSI/IEEE C37.09. When the current transformer is part of the circuit breaker structure, the wet tests on the circuit breaker shall include the current transformer. When the current transformer is not part of the circuit breaker or when it can be set apart from the circuit breaker, the current transformer shall be tested separately. 3.4.3.1.3 Dielectric tests shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.09. Where current transformers are closely associated with the circuit breaker, that is mounted on the circuit breaker-supporting structure or on separate pedestals at the end of the pole units, the dielectric tests shall be made on the combined circuit breaker and current transformer, unless it can be established otherwise that there is no reduction of insulation withstand strength because of the adjacent apparatus. 3.4.3.1.4 Switching surge withstand voltage tests shall be made in accordance with ANSI C37.06 and ANSI/IEEE C37.09. 3.4.3.1.5 Production Tests Accuracy tests on bushing-type current transformers shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C57.13. All other tests shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.09. Accuracy tests on free-standing current transformers shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C57.13. All other tests shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.09. Free-standing current transformers shall be tested to meet the power-frequency withstand voltage test values required by ANSI C37.06. 3.5

UNDERVOLTAGE TRIP DEVICE

The dropout voltage range of an undervoltage trip device shall be 30 to 60 percent of its voltage rating for both DC and AC applications. An electrically-reset undervoltage trip device shall pick up, and a mechanically-reset undervoltage trip device shall seal in, at 85 percent or less of its rated voltage. Note—An undervoltage device trip is a device in which the coil is energized without an auxiliary switch. The armature may be released for tripping at any point in the closing stroke of the circuit breaker.


SG 4-2009 Page 18

3.6

SECONDARY AND CONTROL WIRING (SMALL WIRING)

Wire for instrument current transformer secondary leads shall not be smaller than 14 AWG. Wire for instrument potential transformer secondary leads and for control wiring shall be electrically coordinated with the inherent current requirements and voltage drop limitations of the circuit, and mechanically coordinated and designed for its intended application in the circuit breaker. Splices, when required, shall be brazed or made by permanently fitted pressure-type connectors.


SG 4-2009 Page 19

Section 4 TESTING STANDARDS 4.1


ANSI/IEEE C37.09 has been approved by NEMA and, with the following additions, constitutes Section 4 of this publication. 4.2

RADIO INFLUENCE VOLTAGE TESTS AS APPLICABLE (DESIGN TEST)

4.2.1 The equipment and general method used in making radio influence voltage tests shall be in accordance with the recommendations given in NEMA 107. 4.2.2 Tests at one selected radio frequency shall be made with the circuit breaker both in the closed and open position. 4.2.3 In the case of multipole circuit breakers, one pole or terminal or groups of the same shall be permitted to be used at a time. 4.2.4 The tanks of the circuit breakers shall be filled with the prescribed amount or pressure of insulating fluid. 4.2.5

The case, tank, frame, and other normally grounded parts shall be connected to ground.

4.2.6 When a test is made with the circuit breaker in the open position, the pole or group of poles not under the test shall be grounded and ungrounded, and the radio influence voltage shall be determined for each condition. 4.2.7 No other grounded or ungrounded object or structure (except mounting structure when required) shall be nearer any part of the circuit breaker or its terminals under test than three times the longest overall dimension of the test piece, with a minimum allowable spacing of 3 feet (0.9 m). 4.2.8 Where space requirements under test conditions do not permit the foregoing clearances to be maintained, the test will be considered satisfactory if the limits of radio influence voltage obtained are equal to or less than those specified in Table 4-1. In such cases, a record shall be made of the object, structures, and their distances from the device under test.


SG 4-2009 Page 20 Table 4-1 LIMITS OF RADIO INFLUENCE VOLTAGE Circuit breaker rated maximum voltage, kV

Test voltage, kV

Limit of radio influence voltage, microvolts at 1000 kHz

15.5 25.8 38.0 48.3 72.5 123 145 170 245 362 550 800

9.4 15.7 23 29 44 73 88 103 147 219 335 485

500 650 650 1250 1250 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500

a. Measurements shall be made with circuit breakers in the non-current-carrying or nonoperating condition. b. In the case of circuit breakers having voltage ratings not covered by this table, the test voltage shall be 10 percent above the line-to-neutral voltage corresponding to the maximum voltage of Range B as given in Table 1 of ANSI C84.1. c.

Circuit breakers having two voltage ratings shall be tested at the higher voltage rating.

4.2.9 Tests may be made under the conditions prevailing at the time and place of test. However, it is recommended that tests be avoided when the radio influence voltage of test equipment (including the influence voltage of irrelevant electrical devices) with the circuit breaker under test disconnected from the test equipment exceeds 25 percent of the radio influence voltage of the circuit breaker to be tested. 4.2.10 The frequency of the supply voltage shall be within 5 percent of the rated frequency of the circuit breaker. 4.2.11 Tests shall be conducted under the atmospheric conditions prevailing at the time and place of test. It is recommended that tests be avoided when the vapor pressure is below 0.2 in. (5 mm) or exceeds 0.6 in. (15 mm) of mercury. Since the effects of humidity and air density upon radio influence voltage are not definitely known, no correction factors are recommended for either at the present time. However, it is recommended that barometric pressure and dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometer readings be recorded so that suitable correction factors, if determined, can be applied to previous measurements. 4.2.12 It shall be permissible to connect conductors of the largest size intended for use with the test piece to each terminal. The length of the conductors, when used, shall be equal to or greater than the longest overall dimension of the test piece, except that the length need not exceed 6 feet (1.8 m). The free end of such conductors shall terminate in a sphere having a diameter of twice the diameter of the conductor, plus or minus 10 percent, or shall be shielded in some other suitable manner to eliminate the effect of the end of the conductor as a source of radio influence voltage.


SG 4-2009 Page 21 4.2.13 The test shall be made without removing any component part, and the test voltage shall be determined by the lowest rated voltage of any component part. The limiting radio influence voltage shall be identical with the highest value fixed for any of the component parts that determine the test voltage. 4.2.14 The following precautions shall be observed when making radio influence tests. 4.2.14.1 The circuit breaker shall be at approximately the same temperature as the room in which the test is made. 4.2.14.2 The circuit breaker shall be dry and clean. 4.2.14.3 The circuit breaker shall not be subjected to dielectric tests within 2 hours prior to the radio influence voltage test. 4.2.14.4 If the radio influence voltage falls off rapidly after the supply voltage has been applied for a short time, the circuit breaker may be pre-excited at normal operating voltage for a period not exceeding 5 minutes before proceeding with the tests. 4.3

NOISE REQUIREMENTS

The purpose of this standard is to establish guidelines to provide protection against excessive environmental disturbance from outdoor switchyard circuit breakers. This standard does not apply to circuit breakers used in gas-insulated substations and metal-enclosed equipment. Circuit breakers shall be designed to comply with the noise regulations that set forth measurements and practices with regard to noise levels that are deemed acceptable in occupational environments without personal protective equipment to reduce the noise level. 4.3.1

Terminology and Definitions

All terms and definitions not modified by this standard shall be in accordance with ANSI S1.1 and ANSI S1.13. 4.3.2

Noise Exposure Conditions

Noise exposure conditions cover the exposure under the following circumstances: a. Personnel at, or very close to, the circuit breaker during installation, maintenance, or inspection periods. b. Personnel at control stations. c. Persons in the proximity of the equipment as permitted by limiting boundaries. 4.3.3

Noise Level

The noise level shall not exceed those values given in Table 4-2 for the different equipment and noise classifications. Where intermittent noise recurs several times daily, with each noise level persisting for 1 second or as long as several hours per day, the accumulated intermittent noise shall be calculated as follows, using the permissible sound levels and times given in Table 4-3. When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of exposure to different sound levels, their combined effect shall be considered, rather than the individual effect of each. If the sum of the following fractions: C1/T1 + C2/T2 ... Cn/Tn exceeds unity, then the mixed exposure shall be considered to exceed the limit value. Cn indicates the total time of exposure at a specified sound level, and Tn indicates the total time of exposure permitted at that level. If the period between repeating (intermittent) noise is less than 1 second, the noise is considered to be continuous. Exposure to impulsive or impact noise shall not exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level.


SG 4-2009 Page 22 4.3.4

Noise Measurement Equipment

Noise measurements shall be made with a sound-level meter meeting the requirements of ANSI S1.4. The reference pressure for all measurements shall be 0.0002 microbars. ANSI S1.13 shall apply unless otherwise modified by this standard. Impulse noise limits shall be specified as peak values without weighting. The peak sound pressure level shall be measured with a sound-level meter in combination with either an impact noise analyzer or an octaveband noise analyzer using the all-pass range. Continuous and intermittent noise measurements shall be made with a sound level meter giving an rms response, using the A scale and a "slow" meter speed. Table 4-2 SOUND LEVEL LIMITS Equipment classification kV range

Impulse noise limit

Intermittent noise limit

Continuous noise limit Horizontal distance to measurement point, feet (m)

Maximum sound pressure level dB*

Horizontal distance to measurement point, feet (m)


Horizontal distance to measurement point, feet (m)


140

3† (1)

**

50† (15)

90

50†

(15)

140

3† (1) 2‡ (0.7)

**

100† (30)

90

100†

(30)

105 95

150† (50) 500† (150)

90 80

150† (50) 500† (150)

85 75

150† (50) 500† (150)

105 95

300† (100) 1000† (300)

90 80

300† (100) 1000† (300)

85 75

300† (100) 1000† (300)

General-purpose Outdoor Equipment 362 kV and Below Above 326 kV Definite-purpose outdoor equipment (The following limits are in addition to those required for general-purpose equipment.) 362 kV and Below Above 362 kV

* The sound level limits are based on no-load operation since personnel are not expected to stand adjacent to the circuit breaker when it is opening under fault conditions. Measurement shall be made 5 feet (1.5 m) above ground level. † Measured from perimeter of circuit breaker with cabinet doors closed. ‡ Measured at location of the control switch of the circuit breaker with the cabinet doors open. **See 4.3.3 for maximum allowable sound level. Note—It is considered that the routine operation of the switching station will not submit a person to continuous or intermittent exposure unless he/she is at least at or within the specified minimum distance from the noise, depending on the circuit breaker voltage rating.


SG 4-2009 Page 23

Table 4-3 PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURE Duration per day, hours (Ti)

Sound level, dBA

8 6 4 3 2 1-1/2 1 1/2 1/4 or less

90 92 95 97 100 102 105 110 115

Care shall be taken so that measurements will not be influenced by noise reflection, focus, or amplification from walls, buildings, or other surfaces. 4.3.5

Design Tests

Design tests to determine the levels of impulse, continuous, and intermittent noise shall be made in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.082 under no-load conditions on a completely assembled circuit breaker. If a complete three-phase circuit breaker is not assembled at the place of manufacture, the tests shall be made at the installation site. Factors over which the manufacturer does not have control shall be considered when making noise measurements at installations. The tests shall be carried out at maximum rated operating conditions and corresponding operating speeds. If the circuit breaker is operated for test purposes without its normal interrupting fluid, the design tests shall be performed under this condition.


SG 4-2009 Page 24

Section 5 SPECIAL APPLICATION 5.1

REPETITIVE DUTY CIRCUIT BREAKERS FOR ARC FURNACE SWITCHING

Power operated circuit breakers particularly designed for arc furnace switching, when operating under usual service conditions, shall be capable of operating at least the required number of times given in Table 5-1. The operating conditions and the permissible effect upon the circuit breakers are given in the following paragraphs. For each column, all paragraphs listed shall be considered. 5.1.1

Servicing

Servicing shall consist of adjusting, cleaning, lubricating, and tightening, as recommended by the manufacturer. The operations listed are on the basis of servicing at intervals of 6 months or less. 5.1.2

Circuit Conditions

Each operation referred to in Table 5-1 consists of closing and opening of the circuit breaker under the specified load conditions. 5.1.3

Operating Conditions

The frequency of operation shall not exceed twenty in 10 minutes or thirty in 1 hour. Rectifiers, air systems, or other auxiliary devices may further limit the frequency of operations. Servicing shall be applied at intervals no greater than those shown in the third column of Table 5-1. 5.1.4

Conditions of the Circuit Breaker

After the operations shown in Table 5-1, the following shall have taken place: a. No parts shall have been replaced. b. The circuit breaker shall meet all of its current, voltage, and short-circuit current ratings. Table 5-1 OPERATING CAPABILITIES

Maximum number of operations

Circuit breaker rating

Number of operations

Rated maximum voltage, kV

Rated continuous current, amperes

Between servicing

No-load mechanical

Switching and interrupting

4.76 through 38

1200, 2000, 3000

250

20,000

See Schedule 1 through 5

5.1.5

Minimum Operations Under Fault Conditions

If a fault operation above 9,000 amperes occurs before the completion of the permissible operations, maintenance shall be performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.


SG 4-2009 Page 25 5.1.5.1 Schedule 1 10,000 operations interrupting no-load or load currents of less than 100 amperes, plus 5000 operations interrupting fault currents up to 350 amperes, plus one opening operation (O) at rated short-circuit current. 5.1.5.2 Schedule 2 2500 operations interrupting no-load or load currents less than 1200 amperes, plus 200 operations interrupting fault currents up to 3600 amperes, plus one opening operation (O) at rated short-circuit current. 5.1.5.3 Schedule 3 2000 operations interrupting no-load or load currents less than 2000 amperes, plus 200 operations interrupting fault currents up to 6000 amperes, plus one opening operation (O) at rated short-circuit current. 5.1.5.4 Schedule 4 1000 operations interrupting no-load or load currents less than 3000 amperes, plus 50 operations interrupting fault currents up to 9000 amperes, plus one opening operation (O) at rated short-circuit current. 5.1.5.5 Schedule 5 12,000 operations interrupting no-load or load currents less than circuit breaker continuous current rating, plus 3000 operations interrupting fault currents up to 4000 amperes, plus one opening operation (O) at rated short-circuit current.


SG 4-2009 Page 26

Section 6 RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

6.1

GENERAL

The content formerly in this section of this standard has been removed. Updated information is now published in a separate guide, NEMA SG 11-2008 Guide for Handling and Maintenance of Alternating Current Outdoor High Voltage Circuit Breakers.


SG 4-2009 Page 27

[The information in Appendices A and B was taken from the last revision of this standard. This information is not considered pertinent to the circuit breakers currently being manufactured. The information is considered valuable reference information for circuit breakers currently installed in power systems and has been moved to the appendix for reference.]

Appendix A BUSHING POTENTIAL DEVICES FOR TANK-TYPE OUTDOOR OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS

A.1

GENERAL

Tank-type outdoor oil circuit breakers rated 121 kV and higher shall have tapped bushings and mounting provisions suitable for connecting one bushing potential device to each high-voltage bushing. A.2

CHARACTERISTICS

A.2.1 The potential device network includes a potential transformer and suitable variable inductive and capacitive reactances that permit adjustment of the output voltage to be substantially in phase and proportional to the high-voltage line-to-ground voltage impressed on the high-voltage bushing to which the potential device is connected. A.2.2 The transformer protective gap shall be set at not less than twice the maximum continuous operating tap voltage of the potential device when oper operating ating at primary line-to-ground voltage, rated burden, and rated frequency. A.2.3 The transformer grounding switch for use in adjustment and maintenance shall be so arranged that, when closed, the point of connection of the potential device network to the high-voltage bushing is effectively grounded, thus reducing the operating tap voltage to zero, without interrupting the high-voltage line operation. The high-voltage bushing should not be continuously energized with the transformer grounding switch closed or with any potential device connections which will remove the voltage from the tapped portion of the bushing. Consult the manufacturer for details. A.2.4 The potential device shall have a tapped capacitor or other equivalent means in the secondary circuit to correct the power factor of the applied burden to a net power factor of unity on the potential device. The minimum values of power-factor correction to be provided shall be in accordance with Table A-1 in steps not greater than 3.75 volt-amperes.


SG 4-2009 Page 28 Table A-1 RATED VOLTAGE CLASSES, RATED BURDENS, AND SECONDARY VOLTAGES FOR BUSHING POTENTIAL DEVICES Nominal voltage class, rms*

Rated maximum voltage, kV*, rms

Rated primary line-to-ground voltage, KV*, rms

Rated burden watts**

Rated secondary voltage, volts

Minimum power factor correction (volt-amperes reactive)†

115 138 161 230‡ 345

123 145 170 245 362

70 84 98 140 210

25 35 45 80 125

123 or 70 123 or 70 123 or 70 123 or 70 123 or 70

20 28 36 64 75

*See A.3.1, A.3.2, and A.3.3. **When the potential device has extra secondary voltage windings or taps, the rated burden represents the total of the simultaneous burdens of all windings, taps, or both. The rated burden for each winding, tap, or both, shall be as shown on the nameplate. †See A.3.4. ‡This device shall be used with high-voltage bushings rated 230/196kV, and it shall have the same output and performance characteristics when energized at rated primary line-to-ground voltage of 119 kV.

A.2.5 The potential device shall have a lead-in cable consisting of an insulated conductor with equivalent fittings for connection between the voltage tap of the bushing and the potential device network. A.3

CLASS AND RATINGS

A.3.1 Potential devices for use with high-voltage bushings rated 121 kV and above shall be Class A (inphase) devices. A.3.2 The ratings for bushing potential devices shall be in accordance with Table A-1. These ratings and the performance characteristics given in A.4 apply to potential devices used on systems operating at 60 Hz and at the rated primary line-to-ground voltages given in Table A-1. The ratings and performance characteristics, when the potential devices are used on systems operating at other frequencies and voltages, shall be in accordance with A.3 and A.4. A.3.3 When the operating voltage of the circuit on which the circuit breaker is specified for use is the next rated circuit voltage class lower than the usual rated circuit voltage corresponding to the voltage class of the high-voltage bushing, the rated burden, in watts, shall be 80 percent of the value specified in Table A-1, and the design shall be such that accuracy will be maintained at rated secondary voltage as shown in A.4. Where potential devices are required on systems having operating voltages below the above specified values, consult the manufacturer. A.3.4 When the system frequency of the circuit on which the circuit breaker is specified for use is 50 Hz, the rated burden, in watts, shall be 80 percent of the value specified in Table A-1, and accuracy shall be maintained at rated secondary voltage as shown in A.4. (When potential devices are required on systems having frequencies other than 60 or 50 Hz, the manufacturer should be consulted.)


SG 4-2009 Page 29 A.4

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

The performance characteristics are given in terms of the voltage regulation and the burden regulation when the device operates at the ratings specified in A.3.2, A.3.3, and A.3.4. A.4.1

The voltage regulation shall be not greater than the following: Variation in primary voltage*, percent

Ratio, percent (plus or minus)

Phase angle, degrees (plus or minus)

100 25 5

1 3 5

1 3 5

*When devices are initially adjusted within these limits at rated burden, their performance will be substantially within the same limits between 90 percent and 110 percent of rated primary voltage. A.4.2

The burden regulation shall be not greater than the following: Variation in rated burden*, percent

Ratio, percent (plus or minus)

Phase angle, degrees (plus or minus)

100 50 5

1 6 12

1 4 8

*The device shall be initially adjusted within thes these e limits at rated primary line-to-ground voltage. A.5

ADJUSTMENT

The maximum range over which adjustment shall be required and the maximum steps of adjustment of the potential devices shall be in accordance with the following: Maximum range of adjustment required (plus or minus)

Maximum steps of adjustment

Ratio, percent

Phase angle, degrees

Ratio, percent

Phase angle, degrees

5

5

1

1


SG 4-2009 Page 30 A.6

POLARITY

The relative instantaneous polarity of the primary and secondary terminals of potential devices shall be clearly indicated. Permanent markings shall be so made that they cannot be easily obliterated. A.7

NAMEPLATES

Potential devices shall be provided with nameplates that include the following minimum information: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. A.8

Manufacturer’s name or the equivalent Identification number Type and form designation or the equivalent Nominal voltage class Rated primary line-to-ground voltage Secondary voltage ratings Rated burden of each secondary voltage winding and total simultaneous burden Rated frequency Device class Instruction book number Weight BUSHING POTENTIAL DEVICE TEST (PRODUCTION TEST)

Bushing potential devices shall be given both a dielectric and electrical test. The dielectric tests shall consist of the following power-frequency 1-minute tests. The primary windings of the potential device network transformer, lead-in cable, the shunt or auxiliary capacitor (when used), and other equipment in the tap circuit, exclusive of the protective gap, shall be given a power-frequency test having a value of four times the maximum operating tap voltage at rated voltage, burden, and frequency. The protective gap shall withstand a 60 Hz flashover test within the limits of its setting as specified in A.2.2. The power-factor-correction capacitor, phase angle capacitor (if used), and other equipment in the secondary circuit of the potential device network shall be given a power-frequency test having a value of four times the maximum operating voltage impressed between terminals on the respective component parts when the potential device is operated at rated voltage, burden, and frequency. The secondary circuits and associated windings shall also be given a power-frequency test of 2500 volts between the terminals on the adjusting panel and ground. The electrical tests shall consist of the necessary electrical measurements on the potential device network, or its component parts, to ensure proper operation of the potential device. Measurements of the electrical constants of the component parts of the potential network, such as resistances, inductive and capacitive reactances, turn ratios, and tap locations, shall be made at the adjusting panel, insofar as practical, to ensure that the parts are correctly connected in accordance with the connection diagram. A.9

OIL SAMPLING

The container used in sampling oil shall be cleaned, dried, and free from moisture before it is used. The sample of oil for dielectric tests shall be at least 1 pint (16 ounces) (0.5 liters) and, if a number of tests are to be made, 1 quart (32 ounces) (1 liter).


SG 4-2009 Page 31 Test samples shall be taken only after the oil has settled for some time, varying from 8 hours for a barrel to several days for a large oil circuit breaker tank. Cold oil is much slower in settling. Oil samples from large oil circuit breakers shall be taken from the valve at the bottom of the tank. Oil samples from small oil circuit breakers, which have no valves, and from barrels, shall be taken from the bottom. A brass or glass "thief" can be conveniently used for this purpose. The same method shall be used for cleaning the thief as is used for cleaning the oil sample container. When drawing samples from the bottom of a large oil circuit breaker or a large tank, sufficient oil shall first be drawn off to make sure that the sample will be composed of oil from the bottom of the tank and not from the oil stored in the sampling pipe. A glass receptacle is desired so that water, if present, may be readily observed. If moisture is found, an investigation of the cause shall be made and a remedy applied. If water is not present in sufficient quantity to settle out, the oil may still contain considerable moisture in a suspended state and shall be tested for dielectric withstand. A.10

PREFERRED MOUNTING FLANGE DIMENSIONS FOR BUSHINGS TO BE USED WITH OILFILLED APPARATUS

Refer to C57.19.01-2000 for the preferred dimensions.


SG 4-2009 Page 32

Appendix B TYPICAL CONNECTION FOR SECONDARY BURDENS

Figure B-1 TYPICAL CONNECTION OF SECONDARY BURDENS ONE CURRENT TRANSFORMER PER CIRCUIT BREAKER POLE

Figure B-2 TYPICAL CONNECTION OF SECONDARY BURDENS TWO CURRENT TRANSFORMERS PER CIRCUIT BREAKER POLE CONNECT INDEPENDENTLY NOTE—It is recommended that instruments be operated on a separate current transformer.


SG 4-2009 Page 33

Figure B-3 CONNECTION OF SECONDARY BURDENS TWO CURRENT TRANSFORMERS PER CIRCUIT BREAKER POLE CONNECTION IN SERI SERIES ES USED WHEN BURDENS ARE LARGE

Figure B-4 CONNECTION OF SECONDARY BURDENS FOUR CURRENT TRANSFORMERS PER CIRCUIT BREAKER POLE TWO PER TERMINAL CONNECTED INDEPENDENTLY AND TWO PER TERMINAL CONNECTED IN SERIES


NEMA SG4-2009

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