NCERT Book - Sanskrit- Class IX

fo"k;kuqØef.kdk i`"BkÄïk%

iqjksoko~Q Hkwfedk

v

eÄõye~

1&1

1- HkkjrholUrxhfr%

ix

2&6

2- Lo.kZdkd%

7&16

3- lkseizHke~

17&25

4- dYir#%

26&31

5- lwfDrekSfDrde~

32&37

6- HkzkUrks cky%

38&44

7- izR;fHkKkue~

45&55

8- ykSgrqyk

56&62

9- fldrklsrq%

63&70

10- tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~

71&77

11- i;kZoj.ke~

78&84

12- okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~

85&90

f}rh;% ikB%

Lo.kZdkd% izLrqr ikB Jh in~e'kkL=kh }kjk jfpr ¶fo'odFkk'krde~¸ uked dFkklaxzg ls fy;k x;k gS] ftlesa fofHkUu ns'kksa dh lkS yksd dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA ;g oekZ ns'k dh ,d Js"B dFkk gS] ftlesa yksHk vkSj mlosQ nq"ifj.kke osQ lkFk&lkFk R;kx vkSj mlosQ lqifj.kke dk o.kZu] ,d lqugys ia[kksa okys dkSos osQ ekè;e ls fd;k x;k gSA

iqjk d¯Lef'pn~ xzkes ,dk fu/Zuk o`¼k L=kh U;olr~A rL;k'pSdk nqfgrk fouezk euksgjk pklhr~A ,dnk ekrk LFkkY;ka r.MqykfUuf{kI; iq=khekfnns'k & lw;kZris r.Mqyku~ [kxsH;ks j{kA fdf×pRdkyknuUrje~ ,dks fofp=k% dkd% leqîhó ; rkeqiktxkeA

8

'kseq"kh

uSrkn`'k% Lo.kZi{kks jtrp×pq% Lo.kZdkdLr;k iwo± n`"V%A ra r.Mqyku~ [kknUra glUr×p foyksD; ckfydk jksfnrqekjC/kA ra fuokj;Urh lk izkFkZ;r~&r.Mqyku~ ek Hk{k;A enh;k ekrk vrho fu/Zuk orZrAs Lo.kZi{k% dkd% izkos kp] ek 'kqp%A lw;ksnZ ;kRizkx~ xzkekn~cfg% fiIiyo`{keuq Ro;kxUrO;e~A vga rqH;a r.MqyewY;a nkL;kfeA izgf"kZrk ckfydk funzkefi u ysHksA lw;ksnZ ;kRiwoeZ os lk r=kksifLFkrkA o`{kL;ksifj foyksD; lk pk'p;Zpfdrk l×tkrk ;Ùk=k Lo.kZe;% izklknks orZrAs ;nk dkd% 'kf;Rok izc¼ q Lrnk rsu Lo.kZxok{kkRdfFkra gagks ckys! Roekxrk] fr"B] vga RoRÑrs lksikueorkj;kfe] rRdFk; Lo.kZe;a jtre;eqr rkeze;a ok\ dU;k izkokspr~ vga fuèkZuekrqnfZq grk¿fLeA rkezlksikusuoS vkxfe";kfeA ija Lo.kZlksikusu lk Lo.kZ& HkouekllknA fpjdkya Hkous fp=kfofp=koLrwfu lfTtrkfu n`"V~ok lk foLe;a xrkA JkUrka rka foyksD; dkd% izkg&iwo± y?kqikz rjk'k% fØ;rke~&on Roa Lo.kZLFkkY;ka Hkkstua dfj";fl ¯d ok jtrLFkkY;keqr rkezLFkkY;ke~\ ckfydk O;ktgkjrkezLFkkY;kesokga fuèkZuk Hkkstua dfj";kfeA rnk lk dU;k pk'p;Zpfdrk l×tkrk ;nk Lo.kZdkosQu Lo.kZLFkkY;ka Hkkstua i;Zofs "kre~A uSrkn`d~ Loknq Hkkstue|kof/ ckfydk [kkfnrorhA dkdks czrw &s ckfyosQ! vgfePNkfe ;Ùoa loZnk pk=kSo fr"B ija ro ekrk orZrs pSdkfduhA Roa 'kh?kzeos Lox`g` a xPNA bR;qDRok dkd% d{kkH;UrjkfÙkÏks e×tw"kk fuLlk;Z rka izR;onr~& ckfyosQ! ;FksPNa x`gk.k e×tw"kkesdke~A y?kqreka e×tw"kka izxá ` ckfyd;k dfFkrfe;nso enh;r.Mqykuka ewY;e~A

Lo.kZdkd%

9

x`gekxR; r;k e×tw"kk leqn?~ kkfVrk] rL;ka egkgkZf.k ghjdkf.k foyksD; lk izgf"kZrk rfíuk¼fudk p l×tkrkA

rfLeUuso xzkes ,dk¿ijk yqC/k o`¼k U;olr~A rL;k vfi ,dk iq=kh vklhr~A bZ";Z;k lk rL; Lo.kZdkdL; jgL;efHkKkrorhA lw;kZris r.MqykfUuf{kI; r;kfi Lolqrk j{kkFk± fu;qDrkA rFkSo Lo.kZi{k% dkd% r.Mqyku~ Hk{k;u~ rkefi r=kSokdkj;r~A izkrLr=k xRok lk dkoaQ fuHkZRlZ;Urh izkokspr~&Hkks uhpdkd! vgekxrk] eáa r.MqyewY;a iz;PNA dkoQks¿czohr~&vga RoRÑrs lksikueqÙkkj;kfeA rRdFk; Lo.kZe;a jtre;a rkeze;a okA xfoZr;k ckfyd;k izkDs re~&Lo.kZe;su lksikusukgekxPNkfe ija Lo.kZdkdLrRÑrs rkeze;a lksikueso izk;PNr~A Lo.kZdkdLrka Hkkstuefi rkezHkktus ádkj;r~A izfrfuo`fÙkdkys Lo.kZdkosQu d{kkH;UrjkfÙkÏks e×tw"kk% rRiqj% leqf{kIrk%A yksHkkfo"Vk lk c`gÙkeka e×tw"kka x`ghrorhA x`gekxR; lk rf"kZrk ;kon~ e×tw"kkeqn?~ kkV;fr rkoÙkL;ka Hkh"k.k% Ñ".kliksZ foyksfdr%A yqC/;k ckfyd;k yksHkL; iQya izkIre~A rnuUrja lk yksHka i;ZR;tr~A

10

'kseq"kh

'kCnkFkkZ% U;olr~ nqfgrk LFkkY;ke~ [kxsH;% leqM~Mh; miktxke Lo.kZi{k% jtrp×pq% r.Mqyku~ fuokj;Urh ek 'kqp% izksokp izgf"kZrk izklkn% xok{kkr~ lksikue~ vorkj;kfe vkllkn foyksD; izkg izkrjk'k% O;ktgkj i;Zosf"kre~ egkgkZf.k yqC/k fuHkZRlZ;Urh i;ZR;tr~

volr~ lqrk LFkkyhik=ks if{kH;% mRIyqR; lehie~ vkxroku~ Lo.kZe;% i{k% jtre;% p×pq% v{krku~ okj.ka oqQoZUrh 'kksda ek oqQ# vdFk;r~ izlUuk Hkoue~ okrk;ukr~ lksikue~ vorh.k± djksfe izkIuksr~ n`"V~ok mokp dY;orZ% vdFk;r~ i;Zos"k.ka Ñre~ cgqewY;kfu yksHko'khHkwrk HkRlZuka oqQoZUrh vR;tr~

jgrk Fkk@jgrh Fkh iq=kh Fkkyh esa if{k;ksa ls mM+dj ikl igq¡pk lksus dk ia[k pk¡nh dh pksap pkoyksa dks jksdrh gqbZ nq%[k er djks dgk [kq'k gqbZ egy f[kM+dh ls lh
11

Lo.kZdkd%

vH;kl% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) fu/Zuk;k% o`¼k;k% nqfgrk dhn`'kh vklhr~\ ([k) ckfyd;k iwo± ¯d u n`"Ve~ vklhr~\ (x) #nUrha ckfydka dkd% dFke~ vk'okl;r~\ (?k) ckfydk ¯d n`"V~ok vk'p;Zpfdrk tkrk\ (Ä) ckfydk osQu lksikusu Lo.kZHkoue~ vkllkn\ (p) lk rkezLFkkyha p;uk; ¯d ro±Q nnkfr\ (N) xfoZrk ckfydk dhn`'ka lksikue~ v;kpr~ dhn`'ka p vizkIuksrA

2- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka foykseina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr& -----------------------& (i) i'pkr~ -----------------------(ii) gflrqe~ & -----------------------(iii) v/% & -----------------------(iv) 'osr% & -----------------------& (v) lw;kZLr% -----------------------(vi) lqIr% & ([k) lfU/a oqQ#r& (i) fu $ volr~ (ii) lw;Z $ mn;% (iii) o`{kL; $ mifj (iv) fg $ vdkj;r~ (v) p $ ,dkfduh (vi) bfr $ mDRok (vii) izfr $ vonr~ (viii) iz $ mDre~ (ix) v=k $ ,o (x) r=k $ mifLFkrk (xi) ;Fkk $ bPNe~

& & & & & & & & & & &

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12

'kseq"kh

3-

LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) xzkes fu/Zuk L=kh volr~A ([k) Lo.kZdkoaQ fuokj;Urh ckfydk izkFkZ;r~A (x) lw;ksZn;kr~ iwoeZ so ckfydk r=kksifLFkrkA (?k) ckfydk fu/Zuekrq%nqfgrk vklhr~A (Ä) yqC/k o`¼k Lo.kZdkdL; jgL;efHkKkrorhA

4-

izÑfr&izR;;&la;ksxa oqQ#r (d) gl~ $ 'kr` ([k) Hk{k~ $ 'kr` (x) fo $ yksÑ $ Y;i~ (?k) fu $ f{ki~ $ Y;i~ (Ä) vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ (p) n`'k~ $ DRok (N) 'kh $ DRok (t) o`¼ $ Vki~ (>) lqr $ Vki~ (×k) y?kq $ rei~

5- izÑfrizR;;&foHkkxa oqQ#r& (d) glUre~ & ([k) jksfnrqe~ & (x) o`¼k & (?k) Hk{k;u~ & (Ä) n`"V~ok & (p) foyksD; & (N) fuf{kI; & (t) vkxR; & (>) 'kf;Rok & (×k) lqrk & (V) y?kqree~ &

(ikBkr~ fpRok ok fy[kr)& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& -----------------------& --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13

Lo.kZdkd% 6- v/ksfyf[krkfu dFkukfu d%@dk] da@dka p dFk;fr& dFkukfu d%@dk -----------------(d) iwo± izkrjk'k% fØ;krke~ -----------------([k) lw;kZris r.Mqyku~ [kxsH;ks j{k -----------------(x) r.Mqyku~ ek Hk{k; -----------------(?k) vga rqH;a r.MqyewY;a nkL;kfe (Ä) Hkks uhpdkd! vgekxrk] eáa r.MqyewY;a iz;PN -----------------7-

da@dke~ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq i×pehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& ;Fkk& ew"kd% fcykn~ cfg% fuxZPNfrA (fcy) (d) tu% ------------------- cfg% vkxPNfrA (xzke) ([k) u|% ------------------- fuLljfUrA (ioZr) (x) ------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k) (?k) ckyd% ------------------- foHksfrA (¯lg) (Ä) bZ'oj% ------------------- =kk;rsA (Dys'k) (p) izHkq% HkDra ------------------- fuokj;frA (iki)

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% ys[kd ifjp; & bl dFkk osQ ys[kd in~e 'kkL=kh gSaA ;s lkfgR;k;qosZnkpk;Z] dkO;rhFkZ] lkfgR;jRu] f'k{kk'kkL=kh vkSj jfl;u fMIyksek vkfn mikf/;ksa ls Hkwf"kr gSaA bUgsa fo|kHkw"k.k o vk'kqdfo ekun mikf/;k¡ Hkh izkIr gSaA bUgsa lksfo;r Hkwfe usg: iqjLdkj lfefr vkSj jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh }kjk Lo.kZind izkIr gSA budh vusd jpuk,¡ gSa] ftuesa oqQN izeq[k fuEufyf[kr gSa & 1- flusek'krde~ 2- LojkT;e~ [k.MdkO;e~ 3- ysfuuke`re~ egkdkO;e~ 4- enh;k lksfo;r ;k=kk 5- i|i×prU=ke~ 6- cÄy õ kns'kfot;% 7- yksdrU=kfot;% 8- fo'odFkk'krde~ 9- pk;'krde~ 10- egkohjpfjrke`re~

14

1-

2-

'kseq"kh Hkkf"kd&foLrkj & ¶fdlh Hkh dke dks djosQ¸ bl vFkZ esa ^DRok* izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;Fkk& ifBRok & iB~ $ DRok ¾ i<+dj xRok & xe~ $ DRok ¾ tkdj [kkfnRok & [kkn~ $ DRok ¾ [kkdj blh vFkZ esa vxj /krq (fØ;k) ls igys milxZ gksrk gS rks Y;i~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA /krq ls iwoZ milxZ gksus dh fLFkfr esa dHkh Hkh ^DRok* izR;; dk iz;ksx ugha gks ldrk vkSj milxZ u gksus dh fLFkfr esa dHkh Hkh Y;i~ izR;; ugha gks ldrk gSA ;Fkk& mi $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ mixE; le~ $ iwt~ $ Y;i~ ¾ lEiwT; fo $ yksÑ (yksd) $ Y;i~ ¾ foyksD; vk $ nk $ Y;i~ ¾ vknk; fuj~ $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ¾ fuxZR; iz'uokpd 'kCnksa dks vfu'p;okpd cukus osQ fy, fpr~ vkSj pu fuikrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s fuikr tc loZukeinksa osQ lkFk yxrs gSa rks loZuke in gksrs gSa vkSj tc vO;; inksa osQ lkFk iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks vO;; gksrs gSaA ;Fkk& d% ¾ dkSu d% $ pu ¾ d'pu ¾ dksbZ d% $ fpr~ ¾ df'pr~ ¾ dksbZ osQ $ pu ¾ osQpu dksbZ (cgqopu esa) osQ $ fpr~ ¾ osQfpr~ (cgqopu esa) dk $ pu ¾ dkpu (dksbZ L=kh) dk $ fpr~ ¾ dkfpr~ (dksbZ L=kh) dk% $ pu ¾ dk'pu (oqQN fL=k;k¡ cgqopu) dk% $ fpr~ ¾ dkf'pr~ (oqQN fL=k;k¡ cgqopu esa) fde~ 'kCn osQ lHkh opuksa] fyaxksa o lHkh foHkfDr;ksa esa fpr~ vkSj pu dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj mls vfu'p;okpd cuk;k tk ldrk gSA tSls & 1- fdf×pr~ izFkek esa 2- osQufpr~ r`rh;k esa 3- osQ"kkf×pr~ (osQ"kke~ $ fpr~) "k"Bh esa 4- dfLeaf'pr~ lIreh esa 5- dL;kf×pr~ lIreh (L=khfyÄõ es)a

15

Lo.kZdkd%

blh rjg fpr~ osQ LFkku ij pu dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA fpr~ vkSj pu tc vO;;inksa esa yx tkrs gSa rks os vO;; gks tkrs gSaA tSls & Dofpr~ Dopu dnkfpr~ dnkpu 3-

laLÑr esa ,d ls prqj (pkj) rd la[;kokph 'kCn iqafYyÄõ] L=khfyÄõ] rFkk uiqald fyÄõ esa vyx&vyx :iksa esa gksrs gSa ij i×p (ik¡p) ls mudk :i lHkh fyÄõksa esa ,d lk gksrk gSA iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ uiqaldfyÄõ ,d% ,dk ,de~ }kS }s }s =k;% frÏ% =khf.k pRokj% prÏ% pRokfj

4-

orZekudkfyd fØ;k osQ vFkZ esa /krq osQ lkFk 'kr` vkSj 'kkup~ izR;; dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA 'kr` izR;; ijLeSinh /krqvksa osQ lkFk o 'kkup~ izR;; vkReusinh /krqvksa osQ lkFk iz;qDRk gksrs gSaA ;Fkk& [kkn~ $ 'kr` & [kknu~@[kknr~ lso~ $ 'kkup~ & lsoeku% xe~ $ 'kr` & xPNu~@xPNr~ eqn~ $ 'kkup~ & eksneku% iB~ $ 'kr` & iBu~@iBr~ yHk~ $ 'kkup~ & yHkeku% gl~ $ 'kr` & glu~@glr~ czq $ 'kkup~ &czqok.k% buosQ :i bl izdkj pyrs gSa& ,dopu xPNu~ xPNUre~ xPNrk xPNrs xPNr% xPNr% xPNfr

iaqfYyÄõ f}opu xPNUrkS xPNUrkS xPNn~H;ke~ xPNn~H;ke~ xPNn~H;ke~ xPNrks% xPNrks%

cgqopu xPNUr% xPNr% xPNf‰% xPNn~H;% xPNn~H;% xPNrke~ xPNRlq

16

'kseq"kh L=khfyÄõ xPNUrh xPNUrhe~ xPNUR;k xPNUR;S xPNUR;k% xPNUR;k% xPNUR;ke~

xPNUR;kS xPNUR;kS xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUrhH;ke~ xPNUR;ks% xPNUR;ks%

xPNUR;% xPNUrh% xPNUrhfHk% xPNUrhH;% xPNUrhH;% xPNUrhuke~ xPNUrh"kq

uiqald fyÄõ esa xPNr~ xPNr~

xPNrh xPNrh

xPNfUr xPNfUr

'ks"k iaqfYyÄõor~ 5-

rji~ vkSj rie~ izR;;ksa esa rj vkSj re 'ks"k cprk gSA ;Fkk & cyor~ $ rji~ & cyoÙkj y?kq $ rei~ & y?kqre ;s rqyukokph izR;; gSA buosQ mnkgj.k ns[ksa & y?kq egr Js"B e/qj xq# rhoz fiz;

y?kqrj egÙkj Js"Brj e/qjrj xq#rj rhozrj fiz;rj

y?kqre egÙke Js"Bre e/qjre xq#re rhozre fiz;re

vè;srO;% xzUFk%& fo'odFkk'krde~ (Hkkx};e~] 1987] 1988 in~e 'kkL=kh] nsoukxj izdk'ku] t;iqj)

r`rh;% ikB%

lkseizHke~ izLrqr ikB izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh }kjk jfpr îzs{k.klIrde~* uked ukV~;&laxzg ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA ;gk¡ ngst izFkk osQ fuUnuh; :i dk mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA viuh ekrk dh j{kk osQ fy, ckfydk lkseizHkk }kjk fd;k x;k iz;kl fo'ks"k :i ls mYys[kuh; gSA

(rr% foeyk lkseizHkk foeyk

'oJw% foeyk

foeyk 'oJw% foeyk 'oJw%

foeyk 'oJw%

izfr'kfr djrykH;ka p{kq"kh ektZ;Urh i×po"kZn's kh;k ckfydk lkseizHkk) & v;s tkxfjrk! RojLo rkor~A ifjgh;rs fo|ky;xeuosykA & vEc! v| u xfe";kfe fo|ky;e~A & (gLrsu lkseizHkka x`ghRok) v;s fdesrr~ dFk;flA fo|ky;Lrq xUrO; ,o izfrfnue~A (lkseizHkk;k% izLFkkue~) & foeys! vf; nq"Vs! oqQ=k e`rkfl\ fd;r% dkykr~ 'kCnki;kfe\ & (ld#.ka fu'kE;) b;a ee 'oJw% lnSo eeZ?kkfrfHk% dVqopuSjkf{kifr eke~A (mPpS% Lojs.k) vEc! b;ekxPNkfeA ¯d dj.kh;e~\ (ifjØkefr)A (rr% izfo'kfr lkVksia dksia fu:i;Urh 'oJw%) & vEc! fdekfn'kfl\ & (foMEc;Urh) fdekfn'kfl\ fdfenkuhefi egknsO;k% izHkkrdkyks u l×tkr%\ & izkr%dkfyoaQ dk;Ztkreso lEikn;kfeA & izkr%dkfyoaQ dk;Ztkra lEikn;flA bnkuhefi pk;is;L; ukfLr dkfi dFkkA ro firk vkxR; lk/f;";fr ¯d pk;a --- ;su dkfd.kh vfi u nÙkk --& ee firìkne~ fdeFk± dnFkZ;fl vEc! ;fRdefi dFkuh;a eka izR;so dFk;A & (lHkzHw kÄaõ lHkqt{ksia p) (v;~ g;~) kÜ .` kqr vL;k% nq"Vk;k% v/jksÙkje~A ,rkokuso fiz;ks ;fn firk rfgZ r=kSo xRok dFka u e`rk firqxgZ` s ---\

18

'kseq"kh

foeyk & l rq eka usreq kxr% Jko.ks foxrsA HkorhfHkjso --'oJw% & vf; nq"Vs! osruL; xoZenq o~ gfl\ vfrek=ka xfoZrkfl f=kpqrj% i.kdkutZf;Rok vku;lhR;srus A fu"Bhoua djksfe ro i.kosQ"kqA Fkq%! ¯d eU;ls Roe~ vtZf;Rok /ueku;fl\ ¯d ro /ua rr~\ ro firk ;koUra ;kSrdjkf'ka izfrKkroku~ rkorks¿/Zeos lefiZ a roku~A foeyk & vgks u`'kalrk ;q"ekde~A vgks yksyiq rk --'oJw% & v;s! ,rkokaLro lkgle~ Roa ekekf{kiflA us=ks n'kZ;fl eke~A ('olqj% izfo';) 'olqj% & ¯d tkre~\~ dks¿;a dygkMEcj% izkr% dkyknso\ izkr%dkfyoaQ pk;eihnkuha ;koUu yC/e~ --'oJw% & dk dFkk pk;ikuL;A =kksfVrkfu vu;k nq"V;k pk;HkktukfuA u e;k fdefi Hkf.kre~] rFkkfi vf/f{kifr ekfe;e~A o;a u`'kalk%] o;a yksyiq k%] o;a jk{klk%A 'olqj% & ,rRlo± dfFkreu;k\ foeyk & u e;Srr~ dfFkra fir%! 'oJw% & i';r i';r vL;k nkSjkRE;a nqHkZxk;k%A ¯d ¯d nq"ÑR;fe;a u djksfr\ lEeq[keso izR;qÙkjefi nnkfr] ftàka pky;rh;a eRle{ke~A 'olqj% & (lØks/e~) vgks vL;k nqLlkgle~! ('olqj% 'oJw'p rka u i';r% mHkkS lØkS;± lfgaÏHkkoa foeyka fuHkky;UrkS rkeqiliZr%A lkseizHkk izfo'; ,rr~ i';fr) foeyk & vEc! fir%! u e;k fdefi vijk¼a lR;su 'kikfeA fdfefr ;w;a ekesoa i';Fk\ ufg] ufg] u eka rkMf;rqegZfUr HkoUr% --- A (mHkkS ft?kkal;k cykn~ foeyka x`ghRok izèk"kZ;r%) lkseizHkk & (Hk;xzLrsukfreUnLojs.k) & vEc --- vEc --('olqjkS rkei';UrkS foeyka d"kZr%)

lkseizHke~

'oJw%

iq#"kfujh{kd% 'oJw%

19

& u;r ,uka egkule~ b;a r=kSo ToyrqA (lkseizHkk lglk iz/koUrh fu"ØkefrA foeyk vkRe=kk.kk; lizk.ki.ka iz;rrs] usiF;s xh;rs)

{k.ks {k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk [kyS& foZyksI;rs¿frfunZ;a p tUrqfHkeZu"q ;rkA foHkkftra txn~f}/k fugU;rs p ?kkroSQ& jrho nSU;ekxrkfLr lk/qrk euq";rkAA (foeyk;kLrhoz'phRdkj%A iq#"kfujh{kosQ.k lg lkseizHkk izfo'kfr) & (mil`R;) gs! ¯d fØ;rs] ¯d izpyR;=k\ eq×pr ,uke~A & (lEHkzee~) egkHkkx! u fdeI;R;kfgre~A b;eLekda lkèoh Luq"kk #X.kk orZrAs ,ukeqipjke%A

20

'kseq"kh

fujh{kd% & mipkj% fØ;rs! ;qo;ks#ipkjega dfj";sA loZega tkukfeA (lkseizHkka fufnZ';) lo± fuosfnreu;k ckfyd;kA ('oJw% 'olqj'p foeyka eq×pr%)

foeyk & (ld"Va lkseizHkkeqil`R;) & iqf=k! Roe~ --- dFka Rofeg --lkseizHkk & vEc! ee mikugkS =kqfVrkS] iqLrde×tw"kk p =kqfVrsfr vè;kfidk eka d{kk;k fu"dkflrorhA Ro;k mDreklhr~ & fo|ky;kn~ x` g es o vfoyEcekxUrO;e~A vrks¿ga x`gekxrk (jksfnfr) foeyk & ek jksnh% iqfË! loZeiq iUua Hkfo";frA lkseizHkk & v=kkxR; e;k n`"Va ;r~ firkeg% firkegh p Roka ekj;r%A vrks¿ga èkkoa èkkoa LFkkuoaQ xrkA iq#"k& fujh{kdk; e;k fuosfnre~ --foeyk & (lok"ia lxn~xna d.BekfyÄ~X; lkseizHkke~) Ro;k vga =kkrkA egr% lÄïVkr~ Roa ekeqn/ ~ r` orhA fiz;a Ñra Ro;k esA

21

lkseizHke~

'kCnkFkkZ% p{kq"kh ektZ;Urh RojLo ifjgh;rs 'oJw% 'olqj% 'kCnki;kfe vkf{kifr eeZ?kkfrfHk% lkVksie~ dksie~ dnFkZ;fl i.kdku~ fu"Bhoue~ ;kSrdjkf'ke~ u`'kalrk yksyqirk =kksfVrkfu Hkktukfu Hkf.kre~ nkSjkRE;e~ lØkS;Ze~ ft?kkal;k fuHkky;UrkS izèk"kZ;r% d"kZr% egkule~

us=ks ektZua oqQoZUrh 'kh?kzrka oqQ# foyEcks Hkofr

vkdkj;kfe vk{ksia djksfr eeZ gfUr bfr eeZ?kkrh rS% eeZ?kkfrfHk% xos.Z k lfgre~ Øks/e~ fuUn;fl FkwRÑre~ dU;k'kqYde~ funZ;rk yksHkizo`fÙk% Hkf×trkfu ik=kkf.k dfFkre~ nq"VkReRoe~ lu`'kalRoe~ gUrqe~ bPNk ft?kkalk r;k ft?kkal;k i';UrkS la?kêð;r% izlg~; u;r% ikd'kkyke~

nksuksa vk¡[ksa lkiQ djrh gqbZ 'kh?kzrk djks nsj gks jgh gS lkl 'olqj vkokt nsrh gw¡ @ nsrk gw¡ rkuk ns jgh gS eeZHksnh ('kCnksa ls) xoZ fn[kkrh gqbZ Øks/ dksA fuUnk djrh gks iSls Fkwduk ngst dh jkf'k funZ;rk yksHk dh izo`fÙk rksM+ Mkyk x;k ik=k ( crZu) dgk x;k nq"Vrk ozwQjrk osQ lkFk ekjus dh bPNk ls ns[krs gq, (nks) [khaprs gSa cyiwod Z ys tkrs gSa jlksbZ ?kj esa

22

[kyS% eq×pr vR;kfgre~ Luq"kk #X.kk mikugkS e×tw"kk miiUue~ firkeg% firkegh LFkkude~

'kseq"kh nq"VS% R;tr vfgre~ vdjoe~ iq=ko/w% vLoLFkk in=kk.ks fiVde~ mfpre~ fir`tud% fir`tuuh jf{kLFkkue~

nq"Vksa }kjk NksM+ks vfgr fd;k cgw chekj twrs (nks) isVh (cSx) lgh] Bhd&Bkd nknk nknh Fkkuk

vH;kl% 1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) vè;kfidk lkseizHkka d{kk;k% fdeFk± fu"dkflrorh\ ([k) fo|ky;kr~ x`ge~ vkxR; lk (lkseizHkk) fde~ vi';r~\ (x) foeyk;k% 'olqj% 'oJw% p rke~ oqQ=k fdeFkZ×p u;r%\ (?k) lkseizHkk dFke~ ekrq% =kk.ke~ vdjksr~\ (Ä) lkseizHkk;k% vk;q% dfr o"kkZf.k vklhr~\ (p) vfLeu~ ukVosQ iq#"kfujh{kdL; (vkjf{k.k%) drZO;ijk;.krk of.kZrk¿fLr Hkz"Vkpkjijk;.krk ok\ 2- fuEufyf[krL; 'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr& {k.ks&{k.ks izo/Zrs /uk; fgaÏrk[kyS& foZyksI;rs¿frfunZ;a p tUrqfHkeZuq";rkA foHkkftra txn~f}èkk fugU;rs p ?kkroSQ& jrho nSU;ekxrk¿fLr lk/qrk euq";rkAA 3- (d) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr& ---------------------------& (i) iq=ko/w ---------------------------(ii) in=kk.ks &

23

lkseizHke~ (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)

ikd'kkyke~ 'kh?kza oqQ# ik=kkf.k gUrqe~ bPNk

([k) lfU/a oqQ#r& (i) dyg $ vkMEcj% (ii) izpyfr $ vË (iii) u $ vfLr (iv) izfr $ ,o (v) e;k $ ,rr~ (vi) r=k $ ,o

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4- mnkgj.keuql`R; izÑfrizR;;la;ksxa ;Fkk& vk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ le~ $ iwt~ $ Y;i~ (d) vfHk $ xe~ $ Y;i~ ([k) fo $ gk $ Y;i~ (x) fuj~ $ xe~ $ Y;i~ (?k) fo $ gl~ $ Y;i~ (Ä) iz $ Dyì~ (Ñi~) $ Y;i~ (p) le~ $ cq/~ $ Y;i~

oqQ#r& & vkxR; & lEiwT; & ---------------------------& ---------------------------& ---------------------------& ---------------------------& ---------------------------& ----------------------------

5- v/ksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq milxZina fpuqr& (d) ifjgh;rs & ---------------------------(x) vf/f{kifr & ---------------------------(Ä) izo/Zrs & ---------------------------(N) mipjke% & ----------------------------

([k) (?k) (p) (t)

l×tkr% izR;qÙkje~ foyksI;rs mn~/`rorh

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24

'kseq"kh

6-

LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) v| fo|ky;e~ u xfe";kfeA ([k) vu;k nq"V;k pk;Hkktukfu =kksfVrkfuA (x) foeyk vkRe=kk.kk; iz;rrsA (?k) Roe~ lÄïVkr~ eke~ mn~èk`rorhA (Ä) Roe~ osruL; xoZe~ mn~ogflA

7-

?kVukØekuqlkja okD;kfu iqu% fy[kr & (d) lkseizHkk vkjf{k.k% lehie~ vxPNr~A ([k) foeyk;k% 'oJw% rke~ dVqopuS% vkf{kifrA (x) lk vkRe=kk.kk; iz;Rua djksfrA (?k) foeyk;k% 'oJw% 'olqj% p rke~ Tokyf;rqe~ egkula u;r%A (Ä) iq#"kfujh{kd% lkseizHk;k lg vkxPNfr rL;k% =kk.ka djksfrA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% ifjp;&vokZphu laLÑr lkfgR; esa vusd jpukdkj viuh jpukvksa osQ ekè;e ls lkekftd folaxfr;ksa dk mn~?kkVu djrs gq, vU;k;] 'kks"k.k vkSj neu osQ izfrdkj osQ fy, vkàku dj jgs gSaA fL=k;ksa ij gksus okys vR;kpkj vkSj ukjh LokrU=; osQ Hkko dk fp=k.k vfHkjkt jktsUnz feJ osQ ,dkadh ukVd ôS/s;foØee~* esa feyrk gS tks muosQ ,dkadh laxzg ^prq"iFkh;e~* esa izdkf'kr gSA gfjnÙk 'kekZ dk ,dkadh ô/wngue~* (f=kirkde~] 1987 esa ladfyr) Hkh blh leL;k ij osQfUnzr gSA jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh dh turkygjh] jksfVdkygjh vkfn dkO; rFkk izs{k.k& lIrde~ osQ vU; ,dkadh Hkh bl n`f"V ls iBuh; gSaA izks- jk/koYyHk f=kikBh dk tUe 15 iQjojh 1949 bZ- dks eè;izns'k osQ jktx<+ tuin esa gqvkA vki MkW- gjhflag xkSj fo'ofo|ky; osQ laLÑr foHkkx esa vkpk;Z ,oa foHkkxkè;{k gSaA vkèkqfud laLÑr lkfgR; esa vkidk eguh; ;ksxnku gSA

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% 'kCnki;kfe & ¶vkdkj;kfe¸ & cqykrk gw¡ & bl vFkZ esa 'kCnki;kfe 'kCn vk;k gSA fgUnh esa bldk cM+k vPNk iz;ksx gS & ^vkokt nsrk gw¡A* firìkne~ & ik /krq esa r`p~ izR;; tqM+us ls firk 'kCn cukA ikfr&j{kfr bfr firk vFkkZr~ tks j{kk djrk gS og firk gSA vknj osQ fy, ikne~ 'kCn tksM+dj firìkne~ 'kCn curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS iwT; firkthA

lkseizHke~

25

& u` $ 'kl~ $ v.k~ & u`'kal 'kCn cuk vkSj bldh Hkkookpd laKk u`'kalrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS funZ;rk & dBksjrk] ozwQjrkA vkRe=kk.kk; & vius =kk.k osQ fy, & vius cpko osQ fy,A =kS $ Dr vkSj ^r* dk [email protected] gksus ij =kk.ke~ 'kCn curk gSA vkReu% Ëk.kk; & ;gk¡ "k"Bh rRiq#"k lekl gSA fujh{kosQ.k & fuj~ $ bZ{k~ $ Y;qV~ esa ^v* djosQ fujh{kd 'kCn curk gS ftldk vFkZ gS ns[kus okyk] fopkj djus okyk] voyksdu djus okykA blesa r`rh;k foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksus ij fujh{kosQ.k 'kCn cukA lkèoh & lk/q 'kCn esa Ähi~ izR;; djosQ lkèoh 'kCn fu"iUu gksrk gSA bldk vFkZ gS&lrh L=kh ;k ifrozrk L=khA mipkj% & ^mi* milxZ iwoZd pj~ /krq ls ?k×k~ izR;; djus ij mipkj% 'kCn fu"iÂ gksrk gS ftldk vFkZ gS & lsok & 'kqJw"kk] lRdkj] fpfdRlk vkfnA fu"dkflrorh & ful~ milxZiwoZd ^dl~ /krq ls f.kp~ vkSj Drorq izR;; ls fu"dkflroku~ 'kCn cukA L=khfyÄõ esa ;gh fu"dkflrorh gks x;kA lkVksie~ & (lg vkVksius ) & ?keaM esa Hkjk gqvk ;k iQwyk gqvkA gsdM+h osQ lkFk] vdM+dj] bBykdj ;k jksc osQ lkFk tc vkMEcjiwod Z dksbZ ckr dgh tkrh gS rks mls lkVksi dFku dgrs gSAa 1- fuEuizdkj osQ mnkgj.k ns[ksa] le>sa o ;kn djsa& gUrqe~ bPNk ft?kaklk ikrqe~ bPNk fiiklk HkksDrqe~ bPNk cqHkq{kk Kkrqe~ bPNk ftKklk drqZe~ bPNk fpdh"kkZ Jksrqe~ bPNk 'kqJw"kk nz"Vqe~ bPNk fnn`{kk 2- fo'ks"k%& z LoHkk"kk;ka lekukFkZdiz;ksxEkfUo";r&ftàka pky;frA z pk;is;L; ukfLr dk¿fi dFkkA z fdfenkuha egknsO;k% izHkkrdkyks u l×tkr%A z vgks ,rkokaLro lkgl%A vè;srO;% xzUFk%& prq"iFkh;e~& vfHkjkt jktsUnzfeJ%] oSt;Ur izdk'ku] bykgkcknA u`'kalrk

prqFkZ% ikB%

dYir#% izLrqr ikB ôsrkyi×pfoa'kfr%* uked dFkk laxzg ls fy;k x;k gS] ftlesa euksj×td ,oe~ vk'p;Ztud ?kVukvksa osQ ekè;e ls thouewY;ksa dk fu:i.k fd;k x;k gSA bl dFkk esa thewrokgu vius iwoZtksa osQ dky ls x`gks|ku esa vkjksfir dYio`{k ls lkalkfjd nzO;ksa dks u ek¡xdj lalkj osQ izkf.k;ksa osQ nq%[kksa dks nwj djus dk ojnku ek¡xrk gS D;ksafd /u rks ikuh dh ygj osQ leku papy gS] osQoy ijksidkj gh bl lalkj dk loksZRÑ"V rFkk fpjLFkk;h rÙo gSA

vfLr fgeoku~ uke loZjRuHkwfeuZxUs nz%A rL; lkuks#ifj foHkkfr d×puiqja uke uxje~A r=k thewrosQrqfjfr Jheku~ fo|k/jifr% olfr LeA rL; x`gks|kus oqQyØekxr% dYir#% fLFkr%A l jktk thewrosQrq% ra dYir#e~ vkjkè; rRizlknkr~ p cksf/lRoka'klEHkoa thewrokgua uke iq=ka izkIuksrA~ l egku~ nkuohj% loZHkwrkuqdEih p vHkor~A rL; xq.kS% izlUu% LolfpoS'p izfs jr% jktk dkysu lEizkIr;kSoua ra ;kSojkT;s¿fHkf"kDroku~A ;kSojkT;s fLFkr% l thewrokgu% dnkfpr~ fgrSf"kfHk% firèfU=kfHk% mDr% & ¶;qojkt! ;ks¿;a loZdken% dYir#% roks|kus fr"Bfr l ro lnk iwT;%A vfLeu~ vuqoQw ys fLFkrs 'kØks¿fi ukLeku~ ckf/raq 'kDuq;kr~¸ bfrA vkd.;SrZ r~ thewrokgu% vUrjfpUr;r~ & ¶vgks cr! bZn'` keejiknia izkI;kfi iwo%ZS iq#"kSjLekda rkn`'ka iQya fdefi uklkfnra fdUrq osQoya oSQf'pnso Ñi.kS% df'pnfi vFkks¿Z fFkZr%A rngeLekr~ euksjFkeHkh"Va lk/;kfe¸ bfrA ,oekyksP; l firqjfUrdekxPNr~A vkxR; p lq[keklhua firjesdkUrs U;osn;r~& ¶rkr! Roa rq tkukfl ,o ;nfLeu~ lalkjlkxjs vk'kjhjfena lo± /ua ohfpoPp×pye~A ,d% ijksidkj ,okfLeu~ lalkjs¿u'oj% ;ks ;qxkUri;ZUra ;'k% izlrw As rnLekfHkjhn`'k% dYir#% fdeFk± j{;rs\ ;S'p iwojZS ;a êe ee* bfr vkxzg.s k jf{kr%] rs bnkuha oqQ=k xrk%\ rs"kka dL;k;e~\ vL; ok osQ rs\ rLekr~ ijksidkjSdiQyfl¼;s RonkK;k bea dYiiknie~ vkjk/;kfeA

dYir#%

27

vFk fi=kk ^rFkk* bfr vH;uqKkr% l thewrokgu% dYir#e~ mixE; mokp & ¶nso! Ro;k vLeRiwo"Zs kke~ vHkh"Vk% dkek% iwfjrk%] rUeeSda dkea iwj;A ;Fkk i`Fohenfjnzka i';kfe] rFkk djksrq nso** bfrA ,oaokfnfu thewrokgus ^^R;DrLRo;k ,"kks¿ga ;krks¿fLe¸ bfr oko~Q rLekr~ rjks#nHkwrA~

{k.ksu p l dYir#% fnoa leqRiR; Hkqfo rFkk olwfu vo"kZr~ ;Fkk u dks¿fi nqxrZ vklhr~A rrLrL; thewrokguL; loZthokuqdEi;k loZ=k ;'k% izfFkre~A

28

'kseq"kh

'kCnkFkkZ%

;kSojkT;s 'kØ% vfFkZr% vfUrde~ ohfpor~ vH;uqKkr% vfFkZus

nfjnzghuke~ fgeky;% ioZrjkt% f'k[kjL; oqQyØekn~ vkxr% oqQyijEij;k lEizkIr% ;qojktins bUnz% ;kfpr% lehie~ rjÄoõ r~ vuqer% ;kpdk;

fnoe~ olwfu mixE; nqxZr% loZthokuqdEi;k izfFkre~

LoxZe~ /ukfu lehia xRok nqxfZ re~ vkiUu% loZthosH;%Ñi;k izfl¼e~

vnfjnzke~ fgeoku~ uxsUnz% lkuks% oqQyØekxr%

nfjnzrk ls jfgr vFkkZr~ lEiUu fgeky; ioZrksa dk jktk f'k[kj osQ] pksVh osQ oqQy&ijEijk ls izkIr gqvk ;qojkt osQ in ij bUnz ek¡xk ikl esa rjÄõ dh rjg vuqefr ik;k gqvk ek¡xus okys osQ fy,] fHk[kkjh osQ fy, LoxZ /u Ikkl esa tkdj ihfM+r] fu/Zu lHkh thoksa osQ izfr Ñik ls izfl¼ gks x;k

vH;kl% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) d×puiqja uke uxja oqQ=k foHkkfr Le\ ([k) thewrosQrq% ¯d fopk;Z thewrokgua ;kSojkT;s vfHkf"kDroku~\ (x) dYirjks% oSf'k"V~;ekd.;Z thewrokgu% fde~ vfpUr;r~\ (?k) ikBkuqlkja lalkjs¿fLeu~ ¯d ¯d u'oje~ fd×p vu'oje~\ (Ä) thewrokguL; ;'k% loZ=k dFka izfFkre~\

29

dYir#% 2-

v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq LFkwyinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu\ (d) rL; lkuks#ifj foHkkfr d×puiqja uke uxje~A ([k) jktk lEizkIr;kSoua ra ;kSojkT;s vfHkf"kDroku~\ (x) v;a ro lnk iwT;%A (?k) rkr! Roa rq tkukfl ;r~ /ua ohfpoPp×pye~A

3-

v/ksfyf[krkuka (d) ioZr% (x) bUnz% (Ä) bfPNre~ (N) /fj=khe~ (>) ok.kh

4-

inkuka i;kZ;ina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr & & -------------------------([k) Hkwifr% -------------------------& (?k) /ue~ -------------------------& (p) lehie~ -------------------------& (t) dY;k.ke~ -------------------------& (×k) o`{k%

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^d* LrEHks fo'ks"k.kkfu ^[k* LrEHks p fo'ks";kf.k nÙkkfuA rkfu leqfpra ;kst;r& ^d* LrEHk ^[k* LrEHk oqQyØekxr% ijksidkj% nkuohj% efU=kfHk% fgrSf"kfHk% thewrokgu% ohfpoPp×pye~ dYir#% vu'oj% /ue~

5- (d) ¶LofLr rqH;e~¸ LofLr 'kCnL; ;ksxs prqFkhZ foHkfDr% HkofrA bR;usu fu;esu v=k prqFkhZ foHkfDr% iz;qDrkA ,oeso (dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq) prqFkh± foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (i) LofLr ---------------------- (jktk) (ii) LofLr ---------------------- (iztk) (iii) LofLr ---------------------- (Nk=k) (iv) LofLr ---------------------- (loZtu) ([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq "k"Bha foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (i) rL; ------------- m|kus dYir#% vklhr~A (x`g) (ii) l% ------------- vfUrde~ vxPNr~A (fir`)

30

'kseq"kh (iii) ------------- loZ=k ;'k% izfFkre~ (thewrokgu) (iv) v;a ------------- r#%\ (fde~)

6- LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) rjks% Ñi;k l% iq=ke~ vizkIuksr~A ([k) l% dYirjos U;osn;r~A (x) /uo`"V~;k dks¿fi nfjnz% ukfr"Br~A (?k) dYir#% i`fFkO;ka /ukfu vo"kZr~A (Ä) thokuqdEi;k thewrokguL; ;'k% izkljr~A 7- (d) ;FkkLFkkua lekla foxzga p oqQ#r& (i) fo|k/jk.kka ifr% --------------------(ii) ---------------------------------- x`gks|kus (iii) uxkuke~ bUnz% -------------------------(iv) -------------------------------- ijksidkj% (v) thokuke~ vuqdEi;k ---------------([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; erqi~ ;Fkk& fge $ erqi~ Jh $ erqi~ (i) 'kfDr $ erqi~ (ii) /u $ erqi~ (iii) cqf¼ $ erqi~ (iv) /S;Z $ erqi~ (v) xq.k $ erqi~

(er~] ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

or~) izR;;iz;ksxa ÑRok inkfu jp;r& fgeoku~ Jheku~ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% (d) xzUFk ifjp; & ¶osrkyi×pfoa'kfrdk¸ iPphl dFkkvksa dk laxzg gSA bl uke dh nks jpuk,¡ ikbZ tkrh gSaA ,d f'konkl (13oha 'krkCnh) }kjk fyf[kr xzUFk gS ftlesa x| vkSj i| nksuksa fo/kvksa dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA nwljh tEHkynÙk dh jpuk gS tks osQoy x|e;h gSA bl dFkk esa dgk x;k gS fd jktk foØe dks izfro"kZ dksbZ rkaf=kd lksus dk ,d iQy

dYir#%

31

nsrk gSA mlh rkaf=kd osQ dgus ij jktk foØe 'e'kku ls 'ko ykrk gSA ftl ij lokj gksdj ,d osrky ekxZ esa jktk osQ euksj×tu osQ fy, dFkk lqukrk gSA dFkk lqurs le; jktk dks ekSu jgus dk funsZ'k nsrk gSA dgkuh osQ vUr esa osrky jktk ls dgkuh ij vkèkkfjr ,d iz'u iwNrk gSA jktk mldk lgh mÙkj nsrk gSA 'krZ osQ vuqlkj osrky iqu% 'e'kku igq¡p tkrk gSA bl rjg iPphl ckj ,slh gh ?kVukvksa dh vko`fÙk gksrh gS vkSj osrky jktk dks ,d&,d djosQ iPphl dFkk,¡ lqukrk gSA ;s dFkk,¡ vR;Ur jkspd] Hkkoiz/ku vkSj foosd dh ijh{kk ysus okyh gSaA ([k) Dr Drorq iz;ksx%& Dr & bl izR;; dk iz;ksx lkekU;r% deZokP; esa gksrk gSA Drorq & bl izR;; dk iz;ksx dr`ZokP; esa gksrk gSA Dr izR;;%& z thewrokgu% fgrSf"kfHk% efU=kfHk% mDRk%A z o`Qi.kS% df'pnfi vFkZ% vfFkZr%A z Ro;k vLeRdkek% iwfjrk%A z rL; ;'k% izfFkre~ (dr`ZokP; esa Dr) Drorq izR;;%& z lk iq=ka ;kSojkT;ins¿fHkf"kDroku~A~ z ,rnkd.;Z thewrokgu% fpfUrroku~A z l lq[kklhua firja fuosfnroku~A z thewrokgu% dYir#e~ mDroku~A (x) yksddY;k.k&dkeuk&fo"k;d dfri; 'yksd& z losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%] losZ lUrq fujke;k%A losZ Hknzkf.k i';Urq] ek df'pn~ nq%[kHkkXHkosr~AA z loZLrjrq nqxkZf.k] loksZ Hknzkf.k i';rqA loZ% dkekuokIuksrq] loZ% loZ=k uUnrqAA z u Roga dke;s jkT;a u Lox± u iquHkZoe~A dke;s nq%[krIrkuka izkf.kukekfrZuk'kue~AA vè;srO;% xzUFk% osrkyi×p¯o'kfrdFkk] vuqoknd] nkeksnj >k] pkS[kEHkk fo|kHkou] okjk.klh] 1968

i×pe% ikB%

lwfDrekSfDrde~ laLÑr lkfgR; esa uhfr&xzUFkksa dh le`¼ ijEijk gSA buesa lkjxfHkZr vkSj ljy :i esa uSfrd f'k{kk,¡ nh xbZ gSa] ftudk mi;ksx djosQ euq"; vius thou dks liQy vkSj le`¼ cuk ldrk gSA ,sls gh euksgkjh vkSj cgqewY; lqHkkf"kr ;gk¡ ladfyr gSa] ftuesa lnkpj.k dh egÙkk] fiz;ok.kh dh vko';drk] ijksidkjh iq#"k dk LoHkko] xq.kktZu dh izsj.kk] fe=krk dk Lo:i vkSj mÙke iq#"k osQ lEioZQ ls gksus okyh 'kksHkk dh iz'kalk vkSj lRlaxfr dh efgek vkfn fo"k;ksa dk izfriknu fd;k x;k gSA

o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{ksn~ foÙkesfr p ;kfr pA v{kh.kks foÙkr% {kh.kks o`ÙkrLrq grks gr%AA &euqLe`fr%

Jw;rka /eZloZLoa JqRok pSoko/k;Zrke~A vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~AA &fonqjuhfr%

fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A rLekn~ rnso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrkAA &pk.kD;uhfr%

ficfUr u|% Lo;eso ukEHk% Lo;a u [kknfUr iQykfu o`{kk%A uknfUr lL;a [kyq okfjokgk% ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwr;%AA &lqHkkf"krjRuHkk.Mkxkje~

33

lwfDrekSfDrde~

xq.ks"oso fg drZO;% iz;Ru% iq#"kS% lnkA xq.k;qDrks nfjnzk¿s fi us'ojSjxq.kS% le%AA &e`PNdfVde~

vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k y?oh iqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~A fnuL; iwokZ¼iZ jk¼ZfHkUuk Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~AA &uhfr'krde~

;=kkfi oqQ=kkfi xrk Hkos;&q g±lk eghe.Mye.Muk;A gkfuLrq rs"kka fg ljksojk.kka ;s"kka ejkyS% lg foiz;ksx%AA &Hkkfeuhfoykl%

xq.kk xq.kKs"kq xq.kk HkofUr rs fuxqZ.ka izkI; HkofUr nks"kk%A vkLok|rks;k% izogfUr u|% leqnez klk| HkoUR;is;k%AA &fgrksins'k%

'kCnkFkkZ% foÙke~ o`Ùke~ v{kh.k% /eZloZLoe~ izfrowQykfu rq";fUr oDrO;e~

/ue~ vkpj.ke~ u {kh.k%] lEiUu% drZO;lkj% foijhrkfu rks"ke~ vuqHkofUr dFkuh;e~

/u] ,s'o;Z vkpj.k] pfj=k u"V u gqvk /eZ (drZO;cks/) dk lc oqQN vuqowQy ugha lUrq"V gksrs gSa dguk pkfg,

34

'kseq"kh

[kylTtukuke~ eghe.Mye.Muk;

es?kk% le`¼;% xq.koku~] xq.klEiUu% xq.kjfgrS% vknkS nh?kkZ {k;'khyk o`f¼e~ mixrk iwokZ¼sZu ijk¼sZu p i`FkXHkwrk nqtZulqtukuke~ i`fFkohe.MykyÄ~dj.kk;

ejkyS% foiz;ksx% xq.kKs"kq vkLok|rks;k% vklk| vis;k%

galS% fo;ksx% xq.kKkr`"kq tus"kq Loknuh;tylEiÂk% izkI; u is;k%] u iku;ksX;k%

okfjokgk% foHkwr;% xq.k;qDr% vxq.kS% vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh o`f¼erh iwokZ¼Zijk¼ZfHkÂk

ty ogu djus okys ckny lEifÙk;k¡ xq.kksa ls ;qDr xq.kghuksa ls vkjEHk esa yEch ?kVrh LoHkko okyh yEch gksrh gqb]Z yEch gqbZ iwokZÊ vkSj vijkÊ (Nk;k) dh rjg vyx&vyx nq"Vksa vkSj lTtuksa dh i`Foh dks lq'kksfHkr djus osQ fy, galksa ls vyx gksuk xq.kksa dks tkuus okyksa esa Lokn;qDr ty okyh ikdj u ihus ;ksX;

vH;kl% 1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) ;Rusu ¯d j{ksr~ foÙka o`Ùka ok\ ([k) vLekfHk% (¯d u lekpjsr~) dhn`'ke~ vkpj.ka u dÙkZO;e~\ (x) tUro% osQu fof/uk rq";fUr\ (?k) iq#"kS% fdeFk± iz;Ru% dÙkZO;%\ (Ä) lTtukuka eS=kh dhn`'kh Hkofr\ (p) ljksojk.kka gkfu% dnk Hkofr\ (N) u|k% tya dnk vis;a Hkofr\

35

lwfDrekSfDrde~ 2-

^d* LrEHks fo'ks"k.kkfu ^[k* LrEHks p fo'ks";kf.k nÙkkfu] rkfu ;Fkksfpra ;kst;r& ^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk% (d) vkLok|rks;k% (1) [kykuka eS=kh ([k) xq.k;qDr% (2) lTtukuka eS=kh (x) fnuL; iwokZ¼ZfHkÂk (3) u|% (?k) fnuL; ijk¼ZfHkÂk (4) nfjnz%

3-

v/ksfyf[kr;ks% 'yksd};ks% vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr& (d) vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k y?oh iqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~A fnuL; iwokZ¼Zijk¼ZfHkUuk Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~AA ([k) fiz;okD;iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro%A rLekRrnso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrkAA

4-

v/ksfyf[krinsH;% fHkUuizÑfrda ina fpRok fy[kr& (d) oDrO;e~] dÙkZO;e~] loZLoe~] gUrO;e~A ([k) ;Rusu] opus] fiz;okD;iznkusu] ejkysuA (x) Jw;rke~] vo/k;Zrke~] /uorke~] {kE;rke~A (?k) tUro%] u|%] foHkwr;%] ifjr%A

5-

LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'uokD;fuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) o`Ùkr% {kh.k% gr% HkofrA ([k) /eZloZLoa JqRok vo/k;Zrke~A (x) o`{kk% iQya u [kknfUrA (?k) [kykuke~ eS=kh vkjEHkxqohZ HkofrA

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu yksV~ydkjs ifjorZ;r& ;Fkk& l% ikBa iBfrA & (d) u|% vkLok|rks;k% lfUrA & ([k) l% lnSo fiz;okD;a onfrA & (x) Roa ijs"kka izfrowQykfu u lekpjflA &

l% ikBa iBrqA -------------------------------------------------------------

36

'kseq"kh (?k) rs o`Ùka ;Rusu laj{kfUrA (Ä) vge~ ijksidkjk; dk;± djksfeA

7-

& &

-----------------------------------------

mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"BosQ"kq nRrs"kq 'kCns"kq mfprka foHkfDra iz;qT; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& ;Fkk& rs"kka ejkyS% lg foiz;ksx% HkofrA (ejky) (d) ------------------ lg Nk=k% 'kks/dk;± djksfrA (vè;kid) ([k) ------------------ lg iq=k% vki.ka xroku~A (fir`) (x) ¯d Roe~ ------------------ lg efUnja xPNfl\ (eqfu) (?k) cky% ------------------ lg [ksfyrqa xPNfrA (fe=ke~)

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~ (d) ijksidkjfo"k;da 'yksd};e~ vfUo"; Le`Rok p d{kk;ka lLoja iBA ([k) u|k% ,da lqUnja fp=ka fuekZ; ladyÕ; ok o.kZ;r ;r~ rL;k% rhjs euq";k% i'ko% [kxk'p fufoZ?ua tya ficfUrA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% laLÑr&lkfgR; esa lkjxfHkZr] ykSfdd ikjykSfdd ,oa uSfrdewY;ksa okys lqHkkf"krksa dh cgqyrk gS tkss ns[kus esa NksVs izrhr gksrs gSa fdUrq xEHkhj Hkko okys gksrs gSaA ekuo&thou esa budk vrho egÙo gSA

HkkofoLrkj% (d) vkLok|rks;k% izogfUr u|%A [kkjs leqnz esa feyus ij Lokfn"V tyokyh ufn;ksa dk ty vis; gks tkrk gSA blh HkkolkE; osQ vk/kj ij dgk x;k gS fd ¶lalxZtk% nks"kxq.kk% HkofUrA¸ ([k) Nk;so eS=kh [kylTtukuke~A nq"V O;fDRk fe=krk djrk gS vkSj lTtu O;fDr Hkh fe=krk djrk gSA ijUrq nksuksa dh eS=kh] fnu osQ iwokZ¼Z ,oa ijk¼Z dkyhu Nk;k dh Hkk¡fr gksrh gSA okLro esa nq"V O;fDr dh eS=kh osQ fy, 'yksd dk izFke pj.k ¶vkjEHkxqohZ {kf;.kh Øes.k¸ dgk x;k gS rFkk lTtu dh eS=kh osQ fy, f}rh; pj.k ^y?ohiqjk o`f¼erh p i'pkr~* dgk x;k gSA

37

lwfDrekSfDrde~

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% (1) foÙkr% & foÙk 'kCn ls rfly~ izR;; fd;k x;k gSA iapeh foHkfDr osQ vFkZ esa yxus okys rfly~ izR;; dk r% gh 'ks"k jgrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ& lkxj $ rfly~ ¾ lkxjr%] iz;kx $ rfly~ ¾ iz;kxr%] nsgyh $ rfly~ ¾ nsgyhr% vkfnA blh izdkj o`Ùkr% 'kCn esa Hkh rfly~ izR;; yxk djosQ o`Ùkr% 'kCn cuk;k x;k gSA lekpjsr~ & le~ $ vkÄ~ $ √ pj~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFkeiq#"k $ ,dopu rq";fUr & √ rq"k~ $ yV~ydkj $ izFkeiq#"k $ cgqopu laj{ksr~ & le~ $ √ j{k~ $ fof/fyÄ~ $ izFkeiq#"k $ ,dopu gr% & √ gu~ $ Dr izR;; (iqafYyÄõ iz-fo-,-o-) (2) milxZ & fØ;k osQ iwoZ tqM+us okys iz] ijk vkfn 'kCnksa dks milxZ dgk tkrk gSA bu milxksZa osQ tqM+us ls fØ;k osQ vFkZ esa ifjorZu vk tkrk gSA tSls& ^â* /krq ls milxks± dk ;ksx gksus ij fuEufyf[kr :i curs gSa iz $ â & izgjfr] izgkj (geyk djuk) fo $ â & fogjfr] fogkj (Hkze.k djuk) mi $ â & migjfr] migkj (HksaV nsuk) le~ $ â & lagjfr] lagkj (ekjuk) (3) 'kCnksa dks L=khfyÄõ esa ifjofrZr djus osQ fy, L=kh izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu izR;;ksa esa Vki~ o Ähi~ eq[; gSaA tSls& cky $ Vki~ & ckyk vè;kid $ Vki~ & vè;kfidk y?kq $ Ähi~ & y?oh xq# $ Ähi~ & xqohZ lk/q $ Ähi~ & lkèoh

"k"B% ikB%

HkzkUrks cky% izLrqr ikB ^laLÑr izkS
HkzkUr% d'pu cky% ikB'kkykxeuosyk;ka ØhfMrqa futZxkeA fdUrq rsu lg osQfyfHk% dkya {ksIrqa rnk dks¿fi u o;L;s"kq miyH;eku vklhr~A ;rLrs los¿Z fi iwofZ nuikBku~ Le`Rok fo|ky;xeuk; Rojek.kk cHkwo%q A rUnzkyqckZyks yTt;k rs"kka n`f"ViFkefi ifjgjUusdkdh fdeI;q|kua izfoos'kA l fpUr;kekl&fojeURosrs ojkdk% iqLrdnklk%A vga iqujkRekua fouksnf;";kfeA uuq Hkw;ks nz{;kfe ozQq ¼L; mikè;k;L; eq[ke~A lURosrs fu"oqQVokflu ,o izkf.kuks ee o;L;k bfrA vFk l iq"iks|kua oztUra e/qdja n`"V~ok ra ØhMkgsrksjkg~o;r~A l f}fL=kjL;kg~okueso u eku;keklA rrks Hkw;ks Hkw;% gBekpjfr ckys lks¿xk;r~&o;a fg e/qlxa gz O;xzk bfrA rnk l cky% ^Ñreusu feF;kxfoZrus dhVsu* bR;U;rks nÙkn`f"V'pVdesda p×Pok r`.k'kykdkfndeknnkuei';r~A mokp p&^^vf; pVdiksr! ekuq"kL; ee fe=ka Hkfo";flA ,fg ØhMko%A R;t 'kq"desrr~ r`.ke~ Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu rs nkL;kfe** bfrA l rq ûhM% dk;ksZ cVnz'q kk[kk;ka r|kfe dk;s.Z k* bR;qDRok LodeZO;xzks cHkwoA rnk f[kUuks ckyd% ,rs if{k.kks ekuq"ks"kq uksixPNfUrA rnUos"k;kE;ija ekuq"kksfpra fouksnf;rkjfefr ifjØE; iyk;ekua defi 'okueokyksd;r~A izhrks ckyLrfeRFka

39

HkzkUrkss cky%

lacksèk;kekl – js ekuq"kk.kka fe=k! ¯d i;ZVfl vfLeu~ funk?kfnols\ vkJ;Losna izPNk;'khrya r#ewye~A vgefi ØhMklgk;a Rokesokuq:ia i';kehfrA oqQDoqQj% izR;kg& ;ks eka iq=kizhR;k iks"k;fr Lokfeuks x`gs rL;A j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkUu e;k Hkz"VO;eh"knfiAA bfrA

loSZ jos a fuf"k¼% l ckyks fof?ureuksjFk% lu~&^dFkefLeu~ txfr izR;sda Lo&LoÑR;s fueXuks HkofrA u dks¿I;gfeo o`Fkk dky{ksia lgrsA ue ,rsH;% ;SeZs rUnzkyqrk;ka oqQRlk lekikfnrkA vFk Loksfpregefi djksfe bfr fopk;Z Rofjra ikB'kkykeqitxkeA rr% izHk`fr l fo|kO;luh HkwRok egrha oSn"q kha izFkka lEina p ysHksA

40

'kseq"kh

'kCnkFkkZ% HkzkUr% ØhfMrqe~ futZxke osQfyfHk% dkya {ksIrqe~ Rojek.kk% rUnzkyq% n`f"ViFke~ fpUr;kekl iqLrdnklk% mikè;k;L; fu"oqQVokflu% ØhMkgsrks% vkàkue~ gBekpjfr e/qlaxzgO;xzk% Hkw;ks Hkw;% feF;kxfoZrsu pVde~ p×Pok vknnkue~ Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu LodeZO;xz% vUos"k;kfe fouksnf;rkje~ iyk;ekue~

Hkze;qDr% [ksfyrqe~ fu"ØkUr% ØhMkfHk% le;a ;kif;rqe~ Rojka oqQoZUr%] Roj;Ur% vyl%] vfØ;% n`f"Ve~ vfpUr;r~ iqLrdkuka nklk% vkpk;ZL; o`{kdksVjfuokflu% osQfyfufeÙke~ vkeU=k.ke~ vkxzgiwod Z a O;ogkja oqQoZfr lfr iq"ijlladyurRijk% iqu% iqu% O;FkkZgÄkï j;qDrsu i{kh p×pqiqVsu x`ÊUre~ Lokfn"Vkfu Hk{k.kh;xzklk% Lodh;dk;s"Z kq rRij% vUos"k.ka djksfe euksj×tudkfj.ke~ /koUre~

Hkzfer [ksyus osQ fy, fudy x;k [ksy }kjk le; fcrkus osQ fy, 'kh?kzrk djrs gq, vkylh fuxkg lkspk iqLrdksa osQ xqyke xq# osQ o`{k osQ dksVj esa jgus okys [ksyus osQ fufeÙk cqykok gB djus ij iq"i osQ jl osQ laxzg esa yxs gq, ckj&ckj >wBs xoZ okys fpfM+;k pksap ls xzg.k djrs gq, dks Lokn;qDr [kkus osQ fy, mi;qDr dkSj vius dk;ks± esa layXu [kkstrk gw¡ euksjatu djus okys dks Hkkxrs gq,

41

HkzkUrkss cky% voyksd;r~ cVnzq'kk[kk;ka lacks/;kekl funk?kfnols osQyhlgk;e~ vuq:ie~ oqQDoqQj% j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkr~ Hkz"VO;e~ bZ"knfi fuf"k¼% fof?ureuksjFk% dky{ksie~ rUnzkyqrk;ke~ oqQRlk fo|kO;luh izFkke~

vi';r~ oVo`{kL; 'kk[kk;ka lacksf/roku~ xzh"efnus ØhMklgk;de~ ;ksX;e~ 'ok lqj{kkdk;Zo'kkr~ ifrrO;e~ vYiek=kke~ vfi vLohÑr% [kf.Mrdke% le;L; ;kiue~ rUnzkyqtuL; Hkkos] vylRos ?k`.kk] HkRlZuk vè;;ujr% izflf¼e~

vH;kl% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) cky% dnk ØhfMrqa futZxke\ ([k) ckyL; fe=kkf.k fdeFk± Rojek.kk cHkwoq%\ (x) e/qdj% ckydL; vkàkua osQu dkj.ksu u veU;r\ (?k) ckyd% dhn`'ka pVde~ vi';r~\ (Ä) ckyd% pVdk; ØhMukFk± dhn`'ka yksHka nÙkoku~\ (p) f[kUu% ckyd% 'okua fde~ vdFk;r~\ (N) fof?ureuksjFk% cky% fde~ vfpUr;r~\

ns[kk cjxn osQ isM+ dh 'kk[kk ij lacksf/r fd;k xehZ osQ fnu esa [ksy esa lg;ksxh mi;qDr oqQÙkk j{kk osQ dk;Z esa yxs gksus ls gVuk pkfg, FkksM+k&lk Hkh euk fd;k x;k VwVh bPNkvksa okyk le; fcrkuk vkyL; esa ?k`.kkHkko fo|k esa jr jgus okyk [;kfr] izflf¼

42

'kseq"kh

2-

fuEufyf[krL; 'yksdL; HkkokFk± fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr& ;ks eka iq=kizhR;k iks"k;fr Lokfeuks x`gs rL;A j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkUu e;k Hkz"VO;eh"knfiAA

3-

¶HkzkUrks cky%¸ bfr dFkk;k% lkjka'ka fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[krA

4-

LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r & (d) Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu rs nkL;feA ([k) pVd% LodeZf.k O;xz% vklhr~A (x) oqQDoqQj% ekuq"kk.kka fe=ke~ vfLrA (?k) l egrha oSnq"kha yC/oku~A (Ä) j{kkfu;ksxdj.kkr~ e;k u Hkz"VO;e~ bfrA

5- ¶,rsH;% ue%¸ & bfr mnkgj.keuql`R; ue% bR;L; ;ksxs prqFkhZ foHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok i×pokD;kfu jp;rA 6-

^d* LrEHks leLrinkfu ^[k* LrEHks p rs"kka foxzg% nÙkkfu] rkfu ;Fkkle{ka fy[kr& ^d* LrEHk ^[k* LrEHk (d) n`f"ViFke~ (1) iq"ik.kke~ m|kue~ ([k) iqLrdnklk% (2) fo|k;k% O;luh (x) fo|kO;luh (3) n`"Vs% iUFkk% (?k) iq"iks|kue~ (4) iqLrdkuka nklk%

7- (d) v/ksfyf[krs"kq in;qXes"kq ,da fo'ks";ine~ vij×p fo'ks"k.kine~A fo'ks"k.kine~ fo'ks";ina p i`Fko~Q&i`Fko~Q fpRok fy[kr& fo'ks"k.ke~ fo'ks";e~ --------------------------------------& (i) f[kUu% cky% --------------------------------------& (ii) iyk;ekua 'okue~ --------------------------------------(iii) izhr% ckyd% & --------------------------------------(iv) Loknwfu Hk{;doykfu & --------------------------------------& (v) Rojek.kk% o;L;k%

43

HkzkUrkss cky% ([k) dks"Bdxrs"kq ins"kq lIrehfoHkDrs% iz;ksxa ÑRok fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r& (i) cky% ------------------------------ ØhfMrqa futZxkeA (ikB'kkykxeuosyk) (ii) ------------------------------ txfr izR;sda LoÑR;s fueXuks HkofrA (bne~) (iii) [kx% ------------------------------ uhMa djksfrA ('kk[kk) (iv) vfLeu~ ------------------------------ fdeFk± i;ZVfl\ (funk?kfnol) (v) ------------------------------ fgeky;% mPpre%A (ux) ifj;kstukdk;Ze~

(d) ,dfLeu~ LiQksjdiËs (chart-paper) ,dL; m|kuL; fp=ka fuekZ; ladyÕ; ok i×pokD;s"kq rL; o.kZua oqQ#rA ([k) ¶ifjJeL; egÙoe~¸ bfr fo"k;s fgUnh Hkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok i×p okD;kfu fy[krA

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% (1) fØ;k osQ fuEufyf[kr :iksa dks è;kuiwoZd ns[ksa le>sa o vH;kl djsa& iBfr (i<+rk@i<+rh gS) ikB;fr (i<+krk@i<+krh gS) ikB;kekl (i<+k;k) ;Fkk& l% iqLrda iBfrA f'k{kd% Nk=kku~ ikB;frA vkpk;Z% osnku~ ikB;keklA blh izdkj oqQN vU; :i Hkh izLrqr cks/fr cks/;fr djksfr dkj;fr fy[kfr ys[k;fr xPNfr xe;fr glfr gkl;fr Ük`.kksfr Jko;fr /kofr /ko;fr x`Êkfr xzkg;fr nnkfr nki;fr

gSa& cks/;kekl dkj;kekl ys[k;kekl xe;kekl gkl;kekl Jko;kekl /ko;kekl xzkg;kekl nki;kekl

44

'kseq"kh gjfr u;fr

gkj;fr uk;;fr

gkj;kekl uk;;kekl

(2) ;L; p Hkkosu Hkkoy{k.ke~&tgk¡ ,d fØ;k osQ gksus ls nwljh fØ;k osQ gksus dk Kku gks rks igyh fØ;k osQ dÙkkZ esa lIreh foHkfDr gksrh gSA bls ^lfr lIreh* ;k ^Hkkos lIreh* Hkh dgrs gSaA ;Fkk& mfnrs lforfj deya fodlfrA xtZfr es?ks e;wj% vu`R;r~A u`R;fr f'kos u`R;fUr f'kox.kk%A gBekpjfr ckys Hkzej% vxk;r~A mfnrs uS"k/s dkO;s Do ek?k% Do p Hkkjfo%A (3) vU;inkFkZ iz/kuks cgqozhfg%&ftl lekl esa iwoZ vkSj mÙkj inksa ls fHkUu fdlh vU; in osQ vFkZ dk izk/kU; gksrk gS og cgqozhfg lekl dgykrk gSA ;Fkk& ihrkEcj% & ihre~ vEcja ;L; l% (fo".kq%)A uhyd.B% & uhy% d.B% ;L; l% (f'ko%)A vuqfpfUrriwoZfnuikBk% & vuqfpfUrrk% iwoZfnuL; ikBk% ;S% rsA fof?ureuksjFk% & fof?ur% euksjFk% ;L; l%A nÙkn`f"V% & nÙkk n`f"V% ;su l%A

lIre% ikB%

izR;fHkKkue~ izLrqr ikB Hkkljfpr î×pjk=ke~* uked ukVd ls lEikfnr dj fy;k x;k gSA nq;ksZèku vkfn dkSjo ohjksa us jktk fojkV dh xk;ksa dk vigj.k dj fy;kA fojkV&iq=k mÙkj c`gUuyk (Nn~eos"kh vtquZ ) dks lkjFkh cukdj dkSjoksa ls ;q¼ djus tkrk gSA dkSjoksa dh vksj ls vfHkeU;q (vtquZ &iq=k) Hkh ;q¼ djrk gSA ;q¼ esa dkSjoksa dh ijkt; gksrh gSA blh chp fojkV dks lwpuk feyrh gS] oYyHk (Nn~eos"kh Hkhe) us j.kHkwfe esa vfHkeU;q dks idM+ fy;k gSA vfHkeU;q Hkhe rFkk vtquZ dks ugha igpku ikrk vkSj muls mxzrkiwoZd ckrphr djrk gSA nksuksa vfHkeU;q dks egkjkt fojkV osQ le{k izLrqr djrs gSaA vfHkeU;q mUgsa iz.kke ugha djrkA mlh le; jktoqQekj mÙkj ogk¡ igq¡prk gS ftlosQ jgL;ksn~?kkVu ls vtqZu rFkk Hkhe vkfn ik.Moksa osQ Nn~eos"k dk mn~?kkVu gks tkrk gSA

& t;rq egkjkt%A & viwoZ bo rs g"kksZ czfw g osQukfl fofLer%\ & vJ¼s;a fiz;a izkIra lkSHknzks xzg.ka xr%AA jktk & dFkfenkuha x`ghr%\ HkV% & jFkeklk| fu''kÄa ï ckgqH;keorkfjr%A (izdk'ke~) br br% oqQekj%A vfHkeU;q% & Hkks% dks uq [kYos"k%\ ;su Hkqtd S fu;fU=krks cykfèkosQukfi u ihfMr% vfLeA HkV% jktk HkV%

46

c`gUuyk vfHkeU;q% c`gUuyk Hkhelsu% vfHkeU;q% Hkhelsu% c`gUuyk vfHkeU;q%

'kseq"kh

& & & & & & & &

c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;q% & c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;q% & vfHkeU;q% & c`gUuyk &

vfHkeU;q% & c`gUuyk & vfHkeU;q% & jktk

&

br br% oqQekj%A v;s! v;eij% d% foHkkR;qekos"kfeokfJrks gj%A vk;Z] vfHkHkk"k.kdkSrgw ya es egr~A okpky& ;Rosuek;Z%A (viok;Z) ck
izR;fHkKkue~

47

c`gUuyk & br br% oqQekj%A ,"k egkjkt%A miliZrq oqQekj%A vfHkeU;q% & vk%A dL; egkjkt%\ jktk & ,ásfs g iq=k! dFka u ekefHkokn;fl\ (vkRexre~) vgks! mfRlDr% [kYo;a {kf=k;oqQekj%A vgeL; niZi'z keua djksfeA (izdk'ke~) vFk osQuk;a x`ghr%\ Hkhelsu% & egkjkt! e;kA vfHkeU;q% & v'kL=ks.ksR;fHk/h;rke~A Hkhelsu% & 'kkUra ikie~A /uqLrq nqcy Z %S ,o x`ársA ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A vfHkeU;q% & ek rkon~ Hkks%! ¯d Hkoku~ eè;e% rkr% ;% rL; ln`'ka op% onfrA Hkxoku~ & iq=k! dks¿;a eè;eks uke\ vfHkeU;q% & ;ksD=kf;Rok tjklU/a d.Bf'y"Vsu ckgqukA vláa deZ rr~ ÑRok uhr% Ñ".kks¿rngZrke~AA jktk & u rs {ksis.k #";kfe] #";rk Hkork jesA fdeqDRok ukijk¼ks¿ga] dFka fr"Bfr ;kfRofrAA vfHkeU;q% & ;|geuqxkz á% & ikn;ks% leqnkpkj% fØ;rka fuxzgksfpr%A ckgqH;kekâra Hkhe% ckgqH;keso us";frAA (rr% izfo'kR;qÙkj%) mÙkj% & rkr! vfHkokn;s! jktk & vk;q"eku~ Hko iq=kA iwftrk% ÑrdekZ.kks ;ks/iq#"kk%A mÙkj% & iwT;reL; fØ;rka iwtkA jktk & iq=k! dLeS\ mÙkj% & bgk=kHkors /u×t;k;A jktk & dFka /u×t;k;sfr\ mÙkj% & vFk fde~ 'e'kkuk¼uqjknk; rw.khjk{k;lk;osQA uìk Hkh"ekn;ks HkXuk o;a p ifjjf{krk%AA

48

jktk mÙkj%

'kseq"kh

& ,oesrr~A & O;iu;rq Hkok×NÄkï e~A v;eso vfLr /uq/jZ % èku×t;%A

c`gUuyk & ;|ga vtquZ % rfgZ v;a Hkhelsu% v;a p jktk ;qfèkf"Bj%A vfHkeU;q% & bgk=kHkoUrks es firj%A rsu [kyq --u #";fUr e;k f{kIrk glUr'p f{kifUr eke~A fn"V~;k xksxzg.ka LoUra firjks ;su nf'kZrk%AA (bfr Øes.k lokZu~ iz.kefr] losZ p re~ vkfyÄ~xfUrA)

49

izR;fHkKkue~

'kCnkFkkZ%

viwoZ% vJ¼s;e~ lkSHknz% vklk| fu''kÄïe~ HkqtSdfu;fU=kr%

iqu% Kkue~] laLdkj&tU;a Kkue~] iqu% Le`fr% vfo|eku~ iwo%Z u J¼s;e~ lqHknzk;k% iq=k%] vfHkeU;q% izkI; 'kÄï;k jfgre~ ,osQu ,o ckgquk la;r%

foHkkfr dkSrwgye~ viok;Z #";fr okpky;rq frjfLØ;rs firÒ;% voyksd;r% lkoKe~ okD'kkS.Mh;Ze~ inkfr% miliZrq ,fg mfRlDr% niZ&iz'keue~ x`ghr% izgj.ke~ ;ksD=kf;Rok {ksis.k √ je~) jes (√

'kksHkrs ftKklk nwjhÑR; ozqQ¼% Hkofr oDrqa izsj;rq mis{;rs firq%Hkzkrk i';r% viekusu lfgre~ okfpoaQ ohjRoe~ iknkH;ke~ vrfr lehia xPNrq vkxPN XkoksZ¼r%] vgÄïkjh xoZL; 'keue~ xzg.ks Ñr% 'kL=ke~ cn~èok fuUnkopusu izhrks Hkokfe

izR;fHkKkue~

igpku tks igys u gqvk gks J¼k osQ v;ksX; vfHkeU;q ikdj] igq¡pdj fcuk fdlh fgpd osQ ,d gh gkFk ls idM+k x;k lq'kksfHkr gksrk gS tkuus dh mRd.Bk gVkdj Øksf/r gksrk gS cksyus dks izsfjr djsa mis{kk dh tkrh gS pkpk ns[krs gSa (f}opu) mis{kk djrs gq, ok.kh dh ohjrk iSny pyus okyk ikl tkvks vkvks xoZ ls ;qDRk ?keaM dks 'kkUr djuk idM+k x;k gfFk;kj ck¡/dj fuUnk ls izlUu gksrk gw¡

50

'kseq"kh

;krq leqnkpkj% vuqxzká% fuxzgksfpre~ rw.khj O;iu;rq f{kIrk% fn"V~;k xksxzg.ke~ LoUre~ (lq + vUre~)

xPNrq f'k"Vkpkj% vuqxzgL; ;ksX;e~ cU/uksfpr ck.kdks'k% nwjhdjksrq O;Ä~X;su lEcksf/rk% HkkX;su /suwuke~ vigj.ke~ lq[kkUre~

tkvks lH; vkpj.k Ñik osQ ;ksX; mfpr n.M rjdl nwj djsa vk{ksi fd;s tkus ij HkkX; ls xk;ksa dk vigj.k lq[kkUr

vH;kl% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) HkV% dL; xzg.ke~ vdjksr~\ ([k) vfHkeU;q% dFka x`ghr% vklhr~\ (x) Hkhelsusu c`gUuy;k p i`"V% vfHkeU;q% fdeFkZe~ mÙkja u nnkfr\ (?k) vfHkeU;q% Loxzg.ks fdeFkZe~ of×pr% bo vuqHkofr\ (Ä) dLekr~ dkj.kkr~ vfHkeU;q% xksxzg.ka lq[kkUra eU;rs\

2-

v/ksfyf[krokD;s"kq izdfVrHkkoa fpuqr& (d) Hkks% dks uq [kYos"k%\ ;su HkqtSdfu;fU=krks cykf/osQukfi u ihfMr% vfLeA (foLe;%] Hk;e~] ftKklk) ([k) dFka dFka! vfHkeU;qukZekge~A (vkReiz'kalk] LokfHkeku%] nSU;e~) (x) dFka eka firònkØE; L=khxrka dFkka i`PNls\ (yTtk] Øks/%] izlUurk) (?k) /uqLrq nqcZyS% ,o x`árs ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A (vU/fo'okl%] 'kkS;Ze~] mRlkg%) (Ä) ckgqH;kekâra Hkhe% ckgqH;keso us";frA (vkRefo'okl%] fujk'kk] okDla;e%) (p) fn"V~;k xksxzg.ka LoUra firjks ;su nf'kZrk%A ({kek] g"kZ%] /S;Ze~)

3-

;FkkLFkkua fjDrLFkkuiwfr± oqQ#r& (d) [kyq $ ,"k% ¾ ---------------([k) cy $ $ vfi ¾

---------------cykf/osQukfi

51

izR;fHkKkue~ (x) (?k) (Ä) (p) (N) (t)

foHkkfr $ ------------------------------- $ ,ue~ #";fr $ ,"k Roeso $ ,ue~ ;krq $ ------------------------------- $ bfr

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

fcHkkR;qekos"ke~ okpky;Rosue~ #";R;s"k ---------------;kfRofr /u×t;k;sfr

4- v/ksfyf[krkfu opukfu d% da izfr dFk;fr& ;Fkk & d% vk;Z] vfHkHkk"k.kdkSrwgya es egr~ c`gUuyk --------------------(d) dFkfenkuha lkoKfeo eka gL;rs --------------------([k) v'kL=ks.ksR;fHk/h;rke~ --------------------(x) iwT;reL; fØ;rka iwtk --------------------(?k) iq=k! dks¿;a eè;eks uke --------------------(Ä) 'kkUra ikie~! /uqLrq nqcZyS% ,o x`árs

oaQ izfr Hkhelsue~ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5- v/ksfyf[krkfu LFkwykfu loZukeinkfu dLeS iz;qDrkfu& (d) okpky;rq ,ue~ vk;Z%A ([k) fdeFkZ rsu inkfruk x`ghr%A (x) dFka u eke~ vfHkokn;flA (?k) ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~A (Ä) viwoZ bo rs g"kksZ czwfg osQu fofLer%\ 6-

'yksdkuke~ viw.kZ% vUo;% v/ksnÙk%A ikBekèk`R; fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) ikFk± firje~ ekrqya -------------- p mfí'; ÑrkL=kL; r#.kL; -------------- ;qDr%A ([k) d.Bf'y"Vsu -------------- tjklUèka ;ksD=kf;Rok rr~ vláa -------------- ÑRok (Hkhesu) Ñ".k% vrngZrka uhr%A (x) #";rk -------------- jesA rs {ksis.k u #";kfe] ¯d -------------- vga ukijk¼%] dFka (Hkoku~) fr"Bfr] ;krq bfrA (?k) ikn;ks% fuxzgksfpr% leqnkpkj% -------------- A ckgqH;ke~ vkâre~ (eke~) -------------ckgqH;ke~ ,o us";frA

52

'kseq"kh

7- (d) v/ksfyf[krsH;% insH;% milxkZu~ fofpR; fy[kr& inkfu milxZ% ;Fkk&vklk| vk -------------------& (i) vorkfjr% -------------------(ii) foHkkfr & -------------------(iii) vfHkHkk"k; & -------------------(iv) mn~Hkwrk% & -------------------(v) frjfLØ;rs & -------------------(vi) izgjfUr & -------------------& (vii) miliZrq -------------------(viii) ifjjf{krk% & -------------------(ix) iz.kefr & ([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"BdnRrins"kq i×pehfoHkfDra iz;qT; okD;kfu iwj;r& ;Fkk& 'e'kkukn~ /uqjknk; vtqZu% vkxr%A ('e'kku) (i) ikBku~ ifBRok l% --------------------- vkxr%A (fo|ky;) (ii) --------------------- i=kkf.k irfUrA (o`{k) (iii) xÄkõ --------------------- fuxZPNfrA (fgeky;) (iv) {kek --------------------- iQykfu vku;frA (vki.ke~) (v) --------------------- cqf¼uk'kks HkofrA (Le`fruk'k)

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% dfo ifjp; laLÑr ukVddkjksa esa ^êgkdfo Hkkl** dk uke vxzx.; gSA Hkkl jfpr rsjg :id fuEufyf[kr gS&a nwrokD;e~] d.kZHkkje~] nwr?kVksRdpe~] m#HkÄõe~] eè;eO;k;ksx%] i×pjk=ke~] vfHk"ksdukVde~] ckypfjre~] vfoekjde~] izfrekukVde~] izfrKk;kSxU/jk;.ke~] LoIuoklonÙke~ rFkk pk#nÙke~A xzUFk ifjp; i×pjk=ke~ dh dFkkoLrq egkHkkjr osQ fojkV ioZ ij vk/kfjr gSA ik.Moksa osQ vKkrokl osQ le; nq;ksZ/u ,d ;K djrk gS vkSj ;K dh lekfIr ij vkpk;Z nzks.k dks xq#nf{k.kk nsuk pkgrk gSA nzks.k xq#nf{k.kk osQ :i esa ik.Moksa dk jkT;kf/dkj pkgrs gSaA nq;ksZ/u dgrk gS fd ;fn xq# nzks.kkpk;Z

53

izR;fHkKkue~

ik¡p jkrksa esa ik.Moksa dk irk yxk nsa rks mudh iSr`d lEifÙk dk Hkkx mUgsa fn;k tk ldrk gSA blh vk/kj ij bl ukVd dk uke î×pjk=ke~* gSA

HkkofoLrkj% r#.kL; ÑrkL=kL; ;qDrks ;q¼ijkt;% vKkrokl esa c`gUuyk osQ :i esa vtqZu dks cgqr le; osQ ckn iq=k&feyu dk volj izkIr gqvkA og vius iq=k ls ckr djuk pkgrk gS ijUrq (vius vigj.k ls) {kqC/ vfHkeU;q muosQ lkFk ckr djuk gh ugha pkgrkA rc vtqZu mls mÙksftr djus dh Hkkouk ls bl izdkj osQ O;Ä~X;kRed opu dgrs gSa& rqEgkjs firk vtqZu gSa] ekek Jh Ñ".k gSa rFkk rqe 'kL=kfo|k ls lEiUu gksus osQ lkFk gh lkFk r#.k Hkh gks] rqEgkjs fy, ;q¼ esa ijkLr gksuk mfpr gSA ee rq HkqtkS ,o izgj.ke~ vfHkeU;q {kqC/ gS fd mls /ks[ks ls 'kL=kfoghu Hkhe us fux`ghr fd;k gSA Hkhe bldk Li"Vhdj.k djrk gS fd vL=k&'kL=k rks nqcZy O;fDr;ksa }kjk xzg.k fd;s tkrs gSaA esjh rks Hkqtk gh esjk 'kL=k gSA vr% eq>s fdlh vU; vk;q/ dh vko';drk ughaA bl izdkj dk Hkko vU; ukVdksa esa Hkh miyC/ gS] tSls & (d) v;a rq nf{k.kks ckgqjk;q/a ln`'ka eeA (eè;eO;k;ksx%) ([k) HkheL;kuqdfj";kfe 'kL=ka ckgqHkZfo";frA (e`PNdfVde~) (x) o;efi p Hkqtk;q¼iz/kuk%A (vfoekjde~) uhr% Ñ".kks¿rngZrke~ Jh Ñ".k us tjklU/ osQ tkekrk (nkekn) dal dk o/ fd;k FkkA blls ozqQ¼ tjklU/ us ;nqoaf'k;ksa osQ fouk'k dh izfrKk dh FkhA blfy, mlus ckj&ckj eFkqjk ij vkØe.k Hkh fd;k FkkA mlus Jh Ñ".k dks dbZ ckj idM+k Hkh ijUrq fdlh u fdlh izdkj Jh Ñ".k ogk¡ ls fudy x;sA oLrqr% mfpr volj ikdj Jh Ñ".k tjklU/ dks ekjuk pkgrs Fks ijUrq Hkhe us tjklU/ dk o/ djosQ mudh ik=krk Lo;a ys yhA tks dk;Z Jh Ñ".k }kjk dj.kh; Fkk mls Hkhelsu us dj fn;k vkSj Jh Ñ".k dks tjklU/ osQ o/ dk volj gh ugha fn;kA dks¿;a eè;eks uke\ ;gk¡ eè;e 'kCn dk iz;ksx Hkkl }kjk Hkhe osQ fy, fd;k x;k gSA Hkkl osQ ukVdksa esa loZ=k Hkhe osQ fy, êè;e* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA mUgksaus êè;eO;k;ksx* :id dh jpuk dh ftlesa eè;e ik.Mo vFkkZr~ Hkhe dks uk;d cuk;k x;k gSA

54

'kseq"kh

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% (d) fu"ks/kFkZ esa vye~ osQ ;ksx esa r`rh;k foHkfDr iz;qDr gksrh gSA ;Fkk& vya LoPNUnizykisuA vya fooknsuA vya izeknsuA vya dksykgysuA ([k) î;kZIr* vFkZ esa vye~ dk iz;ksx gksus ij prqFkhZ foHkfDr gksrh gSA ;Fkk& Hkhe% nq;ksZ/uk; vye~A vtquZ % d.kkZ; vye~A jke% jko.kk; vye~A bna nqX/a eáe~ vye~A okP; osQ rhu Hksn gSa& (i) dr`ZokP; (ii) deZokP; (iii) HkkookP; dr`ZokP; osQ drkZ esa izFkek foHkfDr] deZ esa f}rh;k foHkfDr rFkk fØ;k dr`Zin osQ iq#"k vkSj opu osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA ;Fkk& jke% ikBa iBfrA deZokP; esa deZin izFkek esa gksrk gS] drkZ r`rh;k esa rFkk fØ;k deZ osQ iq#"k vkSj opu osQ vuqlkj gksrh gSA ;Fkk & jkes.k ikB% iB~;rsA HkkookP; vdeZd fØ;k ls gksrk gSA blesa drkZ r`rh;k esa gksrk gS rFkk fØ;k izFkeiq#"k ,dopu esa jgrh gSA ;Fkk & ckyS% gL;rsA dr`Z] deZ rFkk HkkookP; esa fØ;k:i dr`ZokP; deZokP;@HkkookP; iBfr iB~;rs fy[kfr fy[;rs [kknfr [kk|rs ficfr ih;rs xk;fr xh;rs Ük`.kksfr Jw;rs

55

izR;fHkKkue~

fo'ks"k & /krq ls ^;* izR;; yxkdj deZokP;@HkkookP; osQ :i ^lso~* (vkReusinh) /krq osQ leku cuk;s tkrs gSaA Dr@Drorq izR;; ^Dr* izR;; Ñr~ izR;; gSA ;g Hkwrdky dk |ksrd gSA bldk iz;ksx rhuksa fyÄõksa esa gksrk gSA bl izR;; ls cus 'kCn fo'ks"k.k osQ :i esa Hkh iz;qDr gksrs gSaA ;Fkk& èkkrq izR;; ewy 'kCn iaqL=kh- uiqaiB~ Dr ifBr ifBr% ifBrk ifBre~ xe~ Dr xr xr% xrk xre~ n`'k~ Dr n`"V n`"V% n`"Vk n`"Ve~ ^Drorq* Hkh Hkwrdkfyd izR;; gSA bldk iz;ksx lnSo dr`ZokP; esa gksrk gSA Drorq izR;;kUr 'kCn Hkh rhuksa fyÄõksa esa gksrs gSaA ;Fkk& iB~ $ Drorq ¾ ifBror~ iqL=khuiqa-

,dopu izfo- ifBroku~ izfo- ifBrorh izfo- ifBror~

okP;ifjorZue~ (d) ;su ;% ([k) Hkon~fHk% HkoUr% (x) osQu d%

firj% firù` ~ o;a vLeku~ v;a bea

f}opu ifBroUrkS ifBroR;kS ifBrorh

cgqopu ifBroUr% ifBroR;% ifBrofUr

nf'kZrk%A (deZokP;) nf'kZroku~A (drZòkP;) ifjjf{krk%A (deZokP;) ifjjf{kroUr%A (drZòkP;) x`ghr%\ (deZokP;) x`ghroku~\ (drZòkP;)

v"Ve% ikB%

ykSgrqyk izLrqr ikB fo".kq'kekZ }kjk jfpr î×prU=ke~* uked dFkkxzUFk osQ ^fe=kHksn* uked rU=k ls lÄïfyr gSA blesa fons'k ls ykSVdj th.kZèku uked O;kikjh viuh /jksgj (rjktw) dks lsB ls ek¡xrk gSA ^rjktw pwgs [kk x;s gSa* ,slk lqudj th.kZ/u mlosQ iq=k dks Luku osQ cgkus unh rV ij ys tkdj xqiQk esa fNik nsrk gSA lsB }kjk vius iq=k osQ fo"k; esa iwNus ij th.kZ/u dgrk gS fd îq=k dks ckt mBk ys x;k gSA* bl izdkj fookn djrs gq, nksuksa U;k;ky; igq¡prs gSa tgk¡ èkekZfèkdkjh mUgsa leqfpr U;k; iznku djrs gSaA

vklhr~ dfLaef'pn~ vf/"Bkus th.kZ/uks uke of.kDiq=k%A l p foHko{k;kís'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ O;fpUr;r~& ;=k ns'ks¿Fkok LFkkus Hkksxk HkqDrk% Looh;Zr%A rfLeu~ foHkoghuks ;ks olsr~ l iq#"kk/e%AA rL; p x`gs ykSg?kfVrk iwoiZ #q "kksikftZrk rqyklhr~A rka p dL;fpr~ Jsf"Buks x`gs fu{ksiHkwrka ÑRok ns'kkUrja izfLFkr%A rr% lqfpja dkya ns'kkUrja ;FksPN;k HkzkURok iqu% LoiqjekxR; ra Jsf"Bueqokp&^^Hkks% Jsf"Bu~! nh;rka es lk fu{ksirqykA** l vkg&^^Hkks%! ukfLr lk] Ronh;k rqyk ew"koSQHkZf{krk** bfrA th.kZ/u vkg&^^Hkks% Jsf"Bu~! ukfLr nks"kLrs] ;fn ew"koSQHkZf{krsfrA bZnx` os k;a lalkj%A u fdf×pn=k 'kk'orefLrA ijega u|ka LUkkukFk± xfe";kfeA rr~ RoekReh;a f'k'kqeus a èkunsoukekua e;k lg Lukuksidj.kgLra iz"s k;** bfrA l Js"Bh Loiq=keqokp&^ôRl! firÒ;ks¿;a ro] LukukFk± ;kL;fr] rn~ xE;rkeusu lk/Ze*~ * bfrA vFkklkS of.kfD'k'kq% Lukuksidj.keknk; izâ"Veuk% rsu vH;kxrsu lg izfLFkr%A rFkkuqf"Brs l of.ko~Q LukRok ra f'k'kqa fxfjxqgk;ka izf{kI;] rn~}kja c`gfPNy;kPNk| lÙoja x`gekxr%A

ykSgrqyk

57

i`"V'p rsu of.ktk&^^Hkks%! vH;kxr! dF;rka oqQ=k es f'k'kq;LZ Ro;k lg unha xr%**\ bfrA l vkg&^ûnhrVkRl ';suus âr%** bfrA Js"B~;kg & ^^feF;kokfnu~! ¯d Dofpr~ ';suks ckya grq± 'kDuksfr\ rr~ leiZ; es lqre~ vU;Fkk jktoqQys fuosnf;";kfeA** bfrA l vkg&^^Hkks% lR;okfnu~! ;Fkk ';suks ckya u u;fr] rFkk ew"kdk vfi ykSg?kfVrka rqyka u Hk{k;fUrA rniZ; es rqyke~] ;fn nkjosQ.k iz;kstue~A** bfrA ,oa foonekukS rkS }kofi jktoqQya xrkSA r=k Js"Bh rkjLojs.k izkos kp&¶Hkks%! vczã.;e~! vczã.;e~! ee f'k'kqjusu pkSj.s kkiâr%** bfrA vFk /ekZf/dkfj.kLrewp%q &^^Hkks%! leI;Zrka Jsf"Blqr%**A

l vkg&^^¯d djksfe\ i';rks es unhrVkPN~;us us viâr% f'k'kq%**A bfrA rPíªRq ok rs izkp s %q &Hkks%! u lR;efHkfgra Hkork&¯d ';su% f'k'kqa grq± leFkksZ Hkofr\

58

'kseq"kh

l vkg&Hkks% Hkks%! Jw;rka en~op%& rqyka ykSglgÏL; ;=k [kknfUr ew"kdk%A jktUr=k gjsPN~;us ks ckyda] uk=k la'k;%AA rs izkp s %q &^^dFkesrr~**A rr% l Js"Bh lH;kukexzs vkfnr% loZa o`ÙkkUra fuosn;keklA rrLrSfoZgL; }kofi rkS ijLija lacksè; rqyk&f'k'kq&iznkusu lUrksf"krkSA 'kCnkFkkZ% vf/"Bkus foHko{k;kr~ Looh;Zr% ykSg?kfVrk rqyk fu{ksi% HkzkURok Ronh;k bZn`d~ ,ue~

vkReh;e~ Lukuksidj.kgLre~

of.ktk ';su% vczã.;e~

LFkkus /ukHkkokr~ LoijkØes.k ykSgfufeZrk rqyk U;kl% Hkze.ka ÑRok (ns'kkVua ÑRok) ro] Hkonh;k ,rkn`'k% ,re~@,ue~ p iqafl f}rh;Sdopus mHks ,o :is Hkor%A vkRelEcfU/ Lukulkexzh gLrs ;L; l%] re~ O;kikfj.kk fgaldizo`fÙkd% if{kfo'ks"k% vU;k;:ie~ vuqfpre~

LFkku ij /u osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k vius ijkØe ls yksgs ls cuh gqbZ rjktw /jksgj i;ZVu djosQ rqEgkjh ,slk gh bls] ,rr~ 'kCn iqa- f}- fo,- o- esa ,rr~@,ue~ nksuksa gh :i gksrs gSaA viuk Luku dh lkexzh ls ;qDr gkFk okykA O;kikjh osQ }kjk ckt ?kksj vU;k;

59

ykSgrqyk leiZ; foonekukS rkjLojs.k Åpq% vfHkfgre~ e}p% vkfnr% fuosn;kekl fogL; lacksè;

nsfg dyga oqQoZUrkS mPpLojs.k vonu~ dfFkre~ ee opukfu izkjEHkr% fuosnuedjksr~ gflRok cksèkf;Rok

nks >xM+k djrs gq, tksj ls cksys dgk x;k esjh ckrsa vkjEHk ls fuosnu fd;k g¡ldj le>k cq>k dj

vH;kl% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) ns'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ of.kDiq=k% ¯d O;fpUr;r~\ ([k) Lorqyka ;kpekua th.kZ/ua Js"Bh fde~ vdFk;r~\ (x) th.kZ/u% fxfjxqgk}kja d;k vkPNk| x`gekxr%\ (?k) LukukuUrja iq=kfo"k;s i`"V% of.kDiq=k% Jsf"Bua fde~ mokp\ (Ä) /ekZf/dkfjfHk% th.kZ/uJsf"BukS dFka lUrksf"krkS\

2-

LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) th.kZ/u% foHko{k;kr~ ns'kkUrja xUrqfePNu~ O;fpUr;r~A ([k) Jsf"Bu% f'k'kq% Lukuksidj.keknk; vH;kxrsu lg izfLFkr%A (x) Js"Bh mPpLojs.k mokp&Hkks% vczãe.;e~ vczãe.;e~A (?k) lH;S% rkS ijLija lacksè; rqyk&f'k'kq&iznkusu lUrksf"krkSA

3-

v/ksfyf[krkuka 'yksdkuke~ viw.kksZ¿Uo;% iznÙk% ikBek/`R; re~ iwj;r& (d) ;=k ns'ks vFkok LFkkus ----------------- Hkksxk% HkqDrk ----------------- foHkoghu% ;% ------------l iq#"kk/e%A ([k) jktu~! ;=k ykSglgÏL; ----------------- ew"kdk% ----------------- r=k ';su% ----------------- gjsr~ v=k la'k;% uA

60

'kseq"kh

4-

rRina js[kkfÄïra oqQ#r ;=k& (d) Y;i~ izR;;% ukfLr fogL;] ykSglgÏL;] lacksè;] vknk; ([k) ;=k f}rh;k foHkfDr% ukfLr Jsf"Bue~] Lukuksidj.ke~] lÙoje~] dk;Zdkj.ke~ (x) ;=k "k"Bh foHkfDr% ukfLr i';r%] Looh;Zr%] Jsf"Bu% lH;kuke~

5-

lfUèkuk lfUèkfoPNsnsu ok fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) Js"B~;kg ¾ ----------------------- $ vkg ([k) ----------------------- ¾ (x) iq#"kksikftZrk ¾ (?k) ----------------------- ¾ (Ä) Lukuksidj.ke~ ¾ (p) ----------------------- ¾

}kS $ vfi iq#"k $ ----------------------;Fkk $ bPN;k ----------------------- $ midj.ke~ Luku $ vFkZe~

6- leLrina foxzga ok fy[kr& foxzg% (d) ([k) (x) (?k)

LukuL; midj.ke~ -------------- -------------/eZL; vf/dkjh -------------- --------------

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

leLrine~ ----------------------fxfjxqgk;ke~ ----------------------foHkoghuk%

7- ;Fkkis{ke~ v/ksfyf[krkuka 'kCnkuka lgk;r;k ^^ykSgrqyk** bfr dFkk;k% lkjka'k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& of.kDiq=k% LUkkukFkZe~ ykSgrqyk v;kpr~ o`ÙkkUra KkRok Jsf"Bua izR;kxr% xr% iznkue~

61

ykSgrqyk

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% xzUFk ifjp; egkdfo fo".kq'kekZ (200 bZ- ls 600 bZ- osQ eè;) us jktk vej'kfDr osQ iq=kksa dks jktuhfr esa ikjaxr djus osQ mís'; ls î×prU=ke~* uked lqifz l¼ dFkkxzUFk dh jpuk dh FkhA ;g xzUFk ik¡p Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr gSA bUgha Hkkxksa dks ^rU=k* dgk x;k gSA i×prU=k osQ ik¡p rU=k gSa&fe=kHksn%] fe=klaizkfIr%] dkdksywdh;e~] yCèkiz.kk'k% vkSj vijhf{krdkjde~A bl xzUFk esa vR;Ur ljy 'kCnksa esa y?kq dFkk,¡ nh x;h gSaA buosQ ekè;e ls gh ys[kd us uhfr osQ xw<+ rÙoksa dk izfriknu fd;k gSA

HkkofoLrkj% ^ykSgrqyk* uked dFkk esa nh x;h f'k{kk osQ lUnHkZ esa bu lwfÙkQ;ksa dks Hkh ns[kk tkuk pkfg,A 1- u df'pr~ dL;fpfUe=ka u df'pr~ dL;fpn~ fjiq%A O;ogkjs.k tk;Urs fe=kkf.k fjioLrFkkAA 2- vkReu% izfrowQykfu ijs"kka u lekpjsr~A

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% 1/krq%

Dr%

√ uh

uhr% i`"V% nÙk%

√ izPN~ √ nk

2-

Drorq iquhroku~ i`"Voku~ nÙkoku~

Drorq L=khuhrorh i`"Vorh nÙkorh

vuh;j~

rO;r~

;r~

Y;qV~

r`p~

× × nkuh;e~

usrO;e~ iz"VO;e~ nkrO;e~

us;e~ × ns;e~

u;ue~ usrk × iz"Vk nkue~ nkrk

.oqy~

rfly~ izR;;&i×peh fofHkDr osQ vFkZ esa rfly~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;Fkk& xzkekr~ & xzker% (xzke $ rfly~) vkns% & vkfnr% (vkfn $ rfly~) ;Fkk& Nk=k% fo|ky;kr~ vkxPNfrA Nk=k% fo|ky;r% vkxPNfrA

uk;d% × ×

62

'kseq"kh blh izdkj & x`g $ rfly~ & x`gr% & x`gkr~A rU=k $ rfly~ & rU=kr% & rU=kkr~A izFke $ rfly~ & izFker% & izFkekr~A vkjEHk $ rfly~ & vkjEHkr% & vkjEHkkr~A

3-

vfHkr% ifjr% mHk;r%] loZr%] le;k] fud"kk] ^gk* vkSj izfr osQ ;ksx esa f}rh;k foHkfDr dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA ;Fkk& x`ge~ vfHkr% o`{kk% lfUrA fo|ky;e~ ifjr% nzqek% lfUrA xzkee~ mHk;r% u|kS izogr%A gk nqjkpkfj.ke~A ØhMk{ks=ke~ fud"kk rj.krkye~ vfLrA ckyd% fo|ky;e~ izfr xPNfrA uxje~ le;k vkS"k/ky;% fo|rsA xzkee~ loZr% xkspkj.kHkwfe% vfLrA

uoe% ikB%

fldrklsr%q izLrqr ukV~;ka'k lksensojfpr dFkklfjRlkxj osQ lIre yEcd (vè;k;) ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;gk¡ rikscy ls fo|k ikus osQ fy, iz;Ru'khy riksnRr uked ,d ckyd dh dFkk dk o.kZu gSA mlosQ leqfpr ekxZn'kZu osQ fy, os"k cnydj banz mlosQ ikl vkrs gSa vkSj ikl gh xaxk esa ckyw ls lsrqfuekZ.k osQ dk;Z esa yx tkrs gSaA mUgsa oSlk djrs ns[k riksnRr mudk migkl djrk gqvk dgrk gS&^vjs! fdlfy, xaxk osQ ty esa O;FkZ gh ckyw ls iqy cukus dk iz;Ru dj jgs gks\* banz mUgsa mRrj nsrs gSa&;fn i<+us] lquus vkSj v{kjksa dh fyfi osQ vH;kl osQ fcuk rqe fo|k ik ldrs gks rks ckyw ls iqy cukuk Hkh laHko gSA banz osQ vfHkizk; dks tkudj riksnRr riL;k djuk NksM+dj xq#tuksa osQ ekxZn'kZu esa fo|k dk Bhd&Bhd vH;kl djus osQ fy, xq#oqQy pyk tkrk gSA

(rr% izfo'kfr riL;kjr% riksnÙk%) riksnÙk% & vgefLe riksnÙk%A ckY;s fir`pj.kS% Dys';ekuks¿fi fo|ka uk¿èkhrokufLeA rLekr~ loS%Z oqQVqfEcfHk% fe=kS% KkfrtuS'p xfgZrks¿Hkoe~A (Åèo± fu%'oL;) gk fo/s! fdfenEe;k o`Qre~\ dhn`'kh nqcfZq ¼jklhÙknk! ,rnfi u fpfUrra ;r~& ifj/kuSjyÄïkjSHkwZf"krks¿fi u 'kksHkrsA ujks fueZf.kHkksxho lHkk;ka ;fn ok x`gAs A1AA (fdf×pn~ foe`';) Hkorq] fdesrus \ fnols ekxZHkzkUr% lUè;ka ;kon~ ;fn x`geqifS r rnfi oje~A uk¿lkS HkzkUrks eU;rsA ,"k bnkuha ri'p;Z;k fo|keokIrqa izoÙ` kks¿fLeA (tyksPNyuèofu% Jw;rs)

64

'kseq"kh

v;s oqQrks¿;a dYyksyksPNyuèofu%\ egkeRL;ks edjks ok HkosrA~ i';kfe rkor~A (iq#"kesda fldrkfHk% lsrfq uekZ.k&iz;kla oqQokZ.ka n`"V~ok lgkle~)

gUr! ukLR;Hkkoks txfr ew[kkZ.kke~! rhozioz kgk;ka u|ka ew
65

fldrklsrq%

& HkksLrifLou~! dFka ekeqi#.kfRlA iz;Rusu ¯d u fl¼a Hkofr\ dko';drk f'kykuke~\ fldrkfHkjso lsraq dfj";kfe LoladYin`
'kCnkFkkZ% fldrk lsrq% riL;kjr%

ckyqdk tycU/% ri%oqQoZu~

jsr iqy riL;k esa yhu

66

'kseq"kh

fir`pj.kS% Dys';eku% v/hroku~ oqQVqfEcfHk% KkfrtuS% xfgZr% fu%'oL; nqcqZf¼% ifj/kuS% ekxZHkzkUr% miSfr ri'p;Z;k tyksPNyuèofu% dYyksyksPNyuèofu% oqQokZ.ke~ lgkle~ lksRizkle~

rkriknS% larkI;eku% vè;;ua o`Qroku~ ifjokjtuS% cU/qckU/oS% fufUnr% nh?kZ'okla x`ghRok nqefZ r% oL=kS% iFkHkz"V% izkIuksfr] lehia xPNfr rilk tyksèoZxrs% 'kCn% rjÄkõ sPNyuL; 'kCn% oqQoZUre~ gkliwoZde~ migkliwoZde~

lkV~Vgkle~ vV~Ve~ vf/jks
vV~VgkliwoZde~ vV~Vkfydke~ mifj xUrqe~ vojks/a djksf"k guqeUre~ fopkjlfgre~ lyTte~ ikf.MR;e~ mn~?kkfVre~

firkth osQ }kjk O;koqQy fd;k tkrk gqvk i<+k oqQVqfEc;ksa }kjk cU/q&ckU/oksa }kjk viekfur yEch lk¡l ysdj nq"V cqf¼okyk diM+ksa ls] igukoksa ls jkg ls HkVdk gqvk tkrk gS] lehi tkrk gS riL;k osQ }kjk ikuh osQ mNyus dh vkokt rjaxksa osQ mNyus dh èofu djrs gq, g¡lrs gq, f[kYyh mM+krs gq,] pqVdh ysrs gq, tksj ls g¡ldj vVkjh dks p<+us osQ fy, jksdrs gks v×tfuiq=k guqeku~ dks lksp&fopkj dj yTtkiwod Z fo}Rrk [kksy nh

67

fldrklsrq%

vH;kl% 1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) vu/hr% riksnÙk% oSQ% xfgZrks¿Hkor~\ ([k) riksnÙk% osQu izdkjs.k fo|keokIrqa izoÙ` kks¿Hkor~\ (x) riksnÙk% iq#"kL; dka ps"Vka n`"V~ok vglr~\ (?k) riksek=ks.k fo|ka izkIrqa rL; iz;kl% dhn`'k% dfFkr%\ (Ä) vUrs riksnÙk% fo|kxzg.kk; oqQ=k xr%\ 2- fHkUuoxhZ;a ina fpuqr& ;Fkk& vf/jks
de~ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

68

'kseq"kh (x) (?k) (Ä) (p)

iq#"k% u|ka fldrkfHk% lsrqa fuekZrqa iz;rrsA riksnÙk% v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";eokIrqe~ vfHky"kfrA riksnÙk% fo|kè;;uk; xq#oqQye~ vxPNr~A xq#x`ga xRoSo fo|kH;kl% dj.kh;%A

5- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krfoxzginkuka leLrinkfu fy[kr& foxzginkfu leLrinkfu ;Fkk& ladYiL; lkrR;su ladYilkrR;su -----------------------------(d) v{kjk.kka Kkue~ -----------------------------([k) fldrk;k% lsrq% -----------------------------(x) firq% pj.kS% -----------------------------(?k) xqjks% x`ge~ -----------------------------(Ä) fo|k;k% vH;kl% 6- mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkuka foxzga oqQ#r& leLrinkfu foxzg% ;Fkk& u;u;qxye~ u;u;ks% ;qxye~ -----------------------------(d) tyizokgs -----------------------------([k) ri'p;Z;k -----------------------------(x) tyksPNyuèofu% -----------------------------(?k) lsrqfuekZ.kiz;kl% 7- mnkgj.keuql`R; dks"Bdkr~ ine~ (d) ;Fkk& vya (i) ------------------------(ii) -------------------------

vknk; uwrua okD;};a jp;r& fpUr;kA (^vye~* ;ksxs r`rh;k) ------------------------(Hk;) ------------------------(dksykgy) ([k) ;Fkk& eke~ vuq l xPNfrA (^vuq* ;ksxs f}rh;k) (x`g) (i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------(ioZr) (ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

69

fldrklsrq% (x) ;Fkk& v{kjKkua fouSo oSnq";a izkIrqefHky"kflA (i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------(?k) ;Fkk& lUè;ka ;kor~ x`geqiSfrA (i) ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------(ii) ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------

(^fouk* ;ksxs f}rh;k) (ifjJe) (vH;kl) (^;kor~* ;ksxs f}rh;k) (ekl) (o"kZ)

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% (d) dfo ifjp; & dFkklfjRlkxj osQ jpf;rk d'ehj fuoklh Jh lksenso HkV~V gSaA ;s d'ehj osQ jktk Jh vuUrnso osQ lHkkif.Mr FksA dfo us jkuh lw;Zerh osQ euks&fouksn osQ fy, dFkklfjRlkxj uked xzUFk dh jpuk dhA bl xzUFk dk ewy egkdfo xq.kk<~; dh c`gRdFkk (izkÑr xzUFk) gSA ([k) xzUFk ifjp; & dFkklfjRlkxj vusd dFkkvksa dk egkleqnz gSA bl xzUFk esa vBkjg yEcd gSaA ewydFkk dh iqf"V osQ fy, vusd midFkk,¡ of.kZr dh xbZ gSaA izLrqr dFkk jRuizHkk uked yEcd ls lÄfï yr dh xbZ gSA Kku&izkfIr osQoy riL;k ls ugha] cfYd xq# osQ lehi tkdj vè;;ukfn dk;ks± osQ djus ls gksrh gSA ;gh bl dFkk dk lkj gSA (x) i;kZ;okfpu% 'kCnk%& bnkuhe~ & v/quk] lkEizre~] lEizfrA tye~ & okfj] mnde~] lfyye~A unh & lfjr~] rfVuh] rjfÄ.õ khA iq#"kkFkZ% & m|ksx%] m|e%] ifjJe%A (?k) foykse'kCnk%& nqcqZf¼% & lqcqf¼% xfgZr% & iz'kaflr% izo`Ùk% & fuo`Ùk% vH;kl% & vuH;kl% lR;e~ & vlR;e~

70

'kseq"kh

(Ä) rqequ~&izR;;&iz;ksx%& (^rqequ~* izR;; esa ^rqe~* 'ks"k cprk gSA ^rqequ~* bR;srL; ^rqe~* bR;so Hkkxks¿of'k";rs) ;Fkk& O √ Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ drqe Z ~ O √ xe~ $ rqequ~ ¾ xUrqe~ O vf/ $ √ #g~ $ rqequ~ ¾ vf/jks) vk×tus;e~ & v×tuk osQ iq=k gksus osQ dkj.k guqeku~ dks vk×tus; dgk tkrk gSA guqeku~ mNydj dgha Hkh tkus esa leFkZ FksA blfy, bUnz osQ ;g dgus ij fd eSa lh<+h ls tkus esa fo'okl ugha djrk gw¡ vfirq mNydj gh tkus esa leFkZ gw¡] riksnÙk fiQj ls migkl djrs gq, dgrk gS fd igys vkius iqy fuekZ.k esa jke dks yk¡?k fy;k vkSj vc mNyus esa guqeku~ dks Hkh yk¡?kus dh bPNk dj jgs gSaA (×k) v{kjKkuL; ekgkRE;e~& (i) fo|k/ua loZ/uiz/kue~A (ii) ¯d ¯d u lk/;fr dYiyrso fo|kA (iii) ;% iBfr fy[kfr i';fr ifji`PNfr if.MrkuqikJ;rsA rL; fnokdjfdj.kS% ufyuhnyfeo fodkL;rs cqf¼%AA vè;srO;% xzUFk%& dFkklfjRlkxj (laf{kIr fgUnh :ikUrj) jk/koYyHk f=kikBh] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA

izFke% ikB%

HkkjrholUrxhfr% izLrqr xhr vk/qfud laLÑr&lkfgR; osQ iz[;kr dfo ia- tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh dh jpuk ^dkdyh* uked xhrlaxgz ls ladfyr gSA blesa ljLorh dh oUnuk djrs gq, dkeuk dh xbZ gS fd gs ljLorh! ,slh oh.kk ctkvks] ftlls e/qj e×tfj;ksa ls ihr iafDrokys vke osQ o`{k] dks;y dk owQtu] ok;q dk /hjs&/hjs cguk] vejkb;ksa esa dkys Hkzejksa dk xq×tkj vkSj ufn;ksa dk (yhyk osQ lkFk cgrk gqvk) ty] olUr Írq esa eksgd gks mBsA Lok/hurk laxzke dh i`"BHkwfe esa fy[kh x;h ;g xhfrdk ,d uohu psruk dk vkokgu djrh gS rFkk ,sls oh.kkLoj dh ifjdYiuk djrh gS tks Lok/hurk izkfIr osQ fy, tuleqnk; dks izsfjr djsA

fuukn; uohuke;s okf.k! oh.kke~ e`naq xk; xhfra yfyr&uhfr&yhuke~ A e/qj&e×tjh&fi×tjh&Hkwr&ekyk% olUrs ylUrhg ljlk jlkyk% dykik% yfyr&dksfdyk&dkdyhuke~ AA1AA fuukn;---AA ogfr eUneUna luhjs lehjs dfyUnkRetk;kLlokuhjrhjs] urka ifƒekyksD; e/qek/ohuke~ AA2AA fuukn;---AA yfyr&iYyos iknis iq"iiq×ts ey;ek#rksPpqfEcrs e×tqoQq ×ts] LouUrhUrfrEiz{s ; efyukeyhuke~ AA3AA fuukn;---AA

3

HkkjrholUrxhfr%

yrkuka furkUra lqea 'kkfUr'khye~ pysnPq NysRdkUrlfyya lyhye~] rokd.;Z oh.kkenhuka unhuke~ AA4AA fuukn;---AA 'kCnkFkkZ% fuukn; e`nqa yfyruhfryhuke~ e×tjh fi×tjhHkwrekyk% ylfUr bg ljlk% jlkyk% dykik% dkdyh luhjs lehjs dfyUnkRetk;k% lokuhjrhjs urke~ e/qek/ohuke~ yfyriYyos iq"iiq×ts ey;ek#rksPpqfEcrs

furjka okn; pk#] e/qja lqUnjuhfrlayXuke~ vkezoqQlqee~ ihriÄ~Dr;% 'kksHkUrs v=k jliw.kkZ% vkezk% lewgk% dksfdykuka èofu% ltys ok;kS ;equk;k% osrl;qDrs rVs ufrizkIrke~ e/qek/ohyrkuke~ euksgjiYyos iq"ilewgs ey;kfuylaLi`"Vs

e×tqoqQ×ts LouUrha rfra isz{;

'kksHkuyrkforkus èofua oqQoZUrhe~ ifƒe~ n`"V~ok

xqaftr djks@ctkvks dksey lqUnj uhfr esa yhu vkeziq"i ihys o.kZ ls ;qDr iafDr;k¡ lq'kksfHkr gks jgh gSa ;gk¡ e/qj vke osQ isM+ lewg dks;y dh vkokt ty ls iw.kZ gok esa ;equk unh osQ csar dh yrk ls ;qDr rV ij >qdh gqbZ e/qj ekyrh yrkvksa dk eu dks vkdf"kZr djus okys iÙks iq"iksa osQ lewg ij pUnu o`{k dh lqxfU/r ok;q ls Li'kZ fd;s x;s lqUnj yrkvksa ls vkPNkfnr LFkku èofu djrh gqbZ lewg dks ns[kdj

4

'kseq"kh

efyuke~ vyhuke~ lqee~ 'kkfUr'khye~ mPNysr~ dkUrlfyye~ lyhye~ vkd.;Z

Ñ".ko.kkZe~ Hkzejk.kke~ oqQlqee~ 'kkfUr;qDre~ mQèo± xPNsr~ euksgjtye~ ØhMklfgre~ JqRok

efyu Hkzejksa osQ iq"i dks 'kkfUr ls ;qDr mPNfyr gks mBs LoPN ty [ksy&[ksy osQ lkFk lqudj

vH;kl% 1-

v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqRrjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) dfo% oh.kkikf.ka ¯d dFk;fr\ ([k) olUrs ¯d Hkofr\ (x) ljLoR;k% oh.kka JqRok ¯d ifjorZua Hkorq bfr dos% bPNka fy[krA (?k) dfo% Hkxorha Hkkjrha dL;k% u|k% rVs (oqQ=k) e/qek/ohuka urka ifƒe~ voyksD; oh.kka oknf;rqa dFk;fr\

2-

^d* LrEHks inkfu] ^[k* LrEHks rs"kka i;kZ;inkfu nÙkkfuA rkfu fpRok inkuka le{ks fy[kr& ^d* LrEHk% ^[k* LrEHk% (d) ljLorh (1) rhjs ([k) vkeze~ (2) vyhuke~ (x) iou% (3) lehj% (?k) rVs (4) ok.kh (Ä) Hkzejk.kke~ (5) jlky%

3- v/ksfyf[krkfu inkfu iz;qT; laLÑrHkk"k;k okD;jpuka oqQ#r& (d) fuukn; ([k) eUneUne~ (x) ek#r% (?k) lfyye~ (Ä) lqeu%

5

HkkjrholUrxhfr% 4-

izFke'yksdL; vk'k;a fgUnhHkk"k;k vkÄ~XyHkk"k;k ok fy[kr&

5-

v/ksfyf[krinkuka (d) dBksje~ ([k) dVq (x) 'kh?kze~ (?k) izkphue~ (Ä) uhjl%

foykseinkfu fy[kr& ----------------------& ----------------------& ----------------------& ----------------------& ----------------------&

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~ ikBs¿fLeu~ oh.kk;k% ppkZ vfLrA vU;s"kka i×pok|;U=kk.kka fp=ka jpf;Rok ladyÕ; ok rs"kka ukekfu fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% vUo; vkSj fgUnh HkkokFkZ v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A yfyruhfryhuka xhfra e`nqa xk;A gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvks] lqUnj uhfr;ksa ls ifjiw.kZ xhr dk e/qj xku djksA bg olUrs e/qje×tjhfi×tjhHkwrekyk% ljlk% jlkyk% ylfUrA yfyr&dksfdykdkdyhuka dykik% (foylfUr)A v;s okf.k ! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A bl olUr esa e/qj e×tfj;ksa ls ihyh gks x;h ljl vke osQ o`{kksa dh ekyk lq'kksfHkr gks jgh gSA euksgj dkdyh (cksyh] owQd) okyh dksfdyksa osQ lewg lqUnj yx jgs gSaA gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA dfyUnkRetk;k% lokuhjrhjs luhjs lehjs eUneUna ogfr (lfr) ekèkqekèkohuka urka ifÄ~Dre~ voyksD;A v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A ;equk osQ osrl yrkvksa ls f?kjs rV ij ty fcUnqvksa ls iwfjr ok;q osQ eUn eUn cgus ij iwQyksa ls >qdh gqbZ e/qek/oh yrk dks ns[kdj] gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA yfyriYyos iknis iq"iiq×ts e×tqoQq ×ts ey;&ek#rksPpqfEcrs LouUrhe~ vyhuka efyuka rfra izs{; v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A ey;iou ls Li`"V yfyr iYyoksa okys o`{kksa] iq"iiq×tksa rFkk lqUnj oqQ×tksa ij dkys HkkSajksa dh xq×tkj djrh gqbZ iafDr dks ns[kdj] gs ok.kh uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA

6

'kseq"kh

ro vnhuka oh.kke~ vkd.;Z yrkuka furkUra 'kkfUr'khya lqea pysr~ unhuka dkUrlfyya lyhye~ mPNysr~A v;s okf.k! uohuka oh.kka fuukn;A rqEgkjh vkstfLouh oh.kk dks lqudj yrkvksa osQ furkUr 'kkUr lqeu fgy mBsa] ufn;ksa dk euksgj ty ØhMk djrk gqvk mNy iM+sA gs ok.kh! uohu oh.kk dks ctkvksA izLrqr xhr osQ lekukUrj xhr& oh.kkokfnfu oj nsA fiz; LorU=k jo ve`r eU=k uo] Hkkjr esa Hkj nsA oh.kkokfnfu oj ns fgUnh osQ izfl¼ dfo ia- lw;ZdkUr f=kikBh fujkyk osQ xhr dh oqQN iafDr;k¡ ;gk¡ nh xbZ gSa] ftuesa ljLorh ls Hkkjr osQ mRd"kZ osQ fy;s izkFkZuk dh xbZ gSA jk"Vªdfo eSfFkyh'kj.kxqIr dh jpuk ¶Hkkjro"kZ esa xw¡ts gekjh Hkkjrh¸ Hkh ,sls gh Hkkoksa ls vksrizksr gSA

ia- tkudhoYyHk 'kkL=kh ia- tkudh oYyHk 'kkL=kh fgUnh osQ Nk;koknh ;qx osQ dfo osQ :i esa izfl¼ gSaA ;s laLÑr osQ jpukdkj ,oa mRÑ"V vè;srk jgsA ckY;dky esa gh 'kkL=kh th dh dkO; jpuk esa izo`fÙk cu xbZ FkhA viuh fd'kksjkoLFkk esa gh bUgsa laLÑr dfo osQ :i esa ekU;rk izkIr gks pqdh FkhA mUuhl o"kZ dh mez esa budh laLÑr dforkvksa dk laxzg ^dkdyh* dk izdk'ku gqvkA 'kkL=kh th us laLÑr lkfgR; esa vk/qfud fo/k dh jpukvksa dk izkjaHk fd;kA buosQ }kjk xhr] xty] 'yksd] vkfn fo/kvksa esa fy[kh xbZ laLÑr dfork,¡ cgqr yksdfiz; gqb±A budh laLÑr dforkvksa esa laxhrkRedrk vkSj y; dh fo'ks"krk us yksxksa ij vizfre izHkko MkykA

n'ke% ikB%

tVk;ks% 'kkS;eZ ~ izLrqr ikB~;ka'k vkfndfo okYehfd&iz.khr jkek;.ke~ osQ vj.;dk.M ls m¼`r fd;k x;k gS ftlesa tVk;q vkSj jko.k osQ ;q¼ dk o.kZu gSA iapoVh dkuu esa lhrk dk d#.k foyki lqudj if{kJs"B tVk;q mudh j{kk osQ fy, nkSM+sA os jko.k dks ijnkjkfHke'kZu:i fuU| ,oa nq"deZ ls fojr gksus osQ fy, dgrs gSaA jko.k dh vifjofrZr eukso`fÙk dks ns[k os ml ij Hk;kog vkØe.k djrs gSaA egkcyh tVk;q vius rh[ks u[kksa rFkk i×tksa ls jko.k osQ 'kjhj esa vusd ?kko dj nsrs gSa rFkk i×tksa osQ izgkj ls mlosQ fo'kky èkuq"k dks [kafMr dj nsrs gSaA VwVs èkuq"k] ekjs x;s v'oksa vkSj lkjFkh okyk jko.k fojFk gksdj i`Foh ij fxj iM+rk gSA oqQN gh {k.kksa ckn Øks/ka/ jko.k tVk;q ij izk.k?kkrd izgkj djrk gS ijarq if{kJs"B tVk;q mlls viuk cpko dj ml ij p×pq&izgkj djrs gSa] mlosQ ck;sa Hkkx dh n'kksa Hkqtkvksa dks {kr&fo{kr dj nsrs gSaA

lk rnk d#.kk okpks foyiUrh lqn%q f[krkA ouLifrxra x`/za nn'kkZ;rykspuk AA1AA tVk;ks i'; ekek;Z fß;ek.kkeukFkor~ A vusu jk{klsUnzs.k d#.ka ikideZ.kk AA2AA ra 'kCneolqIrLrq tVk;qjFk 'kqJqosA fujh{; jko.ka f{kiza oSnsgha p nn'kZ l% AA3AA rr% ioZ r 'k` Ä õ k HkLrh{.krq . M% [kxks Ù ke%A ouLifrxr% JhekUO;ktgkj 'kqHkka fxje~ AA4AA fuorZ; efra uhpka ijnkjkfHke'kZukr~A u rRlekpjs¼hjks ;Rijks¿L; foxgZ;rs ~ AA5AA

72

'kseq"kh

o`¼ks¿ga Roa ;qok /Uoh ljFk% doph 'kjhA u pkI;knk; dq'kyh oSnsgha es xfe";fl AA6AA rL; rh{.ku[kkH;ka rq pj.kkH;ka egkcy%A pdkj cgq/k xk=ks oz.kkUirxlÙke% AA7AA

rrks¿L; l'kja pkia eqDrkef.kfoHkwf"kre~A pj.kkH;ka egkrstk cHk×TkkL; eg¼uq% AA8AA l HkXu/Uok fojFkks grk'oks grlkjfFk%A vÄusï knk; oSngs ha iikr Hkqfo jko.k% AA9AA

73

tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~

laifj"oT; oSnsgha okesukÄuïs jko.k%A rysukfHkt?kkuk'kq tVk;qa Øks/ewfPZNr% AA10AA tVk;qLrefrØE; rq.MsukL; [kxkf/i%A okeckgwUn'k rnk O;ikgjnfjUne% AA11AA 'kCnkFkkZ% fß;ek.kke~ jk{klsUnzs.k ijnkjkfHke'kZukr~ foxgZ;sr~ /Uoh doph 'kjh O;ktgkj fuorZ; O;ikgjr~ oSnsghe~ oz.kku~ cHk×t irxs'oj% fo/w; HkXu/Uok grk'o% vknk; vfHkt?kku vk'kq rq.Msu [kxkf/i% vfjUne%

uh;ekuke~ nkuoifruk ijL=khLi'kkZr~ fuU|kr~ /uq/Zj% dop/kjh ck.k/j% vdFk;r~ okj.ka oqQ# mR[kkroku~ lhrke~ izgkjtfurLiQksVku~ HkXua Ñroku~ tVk;q% vilk;Z HkXua /uq% ;L; l% grk% v'ok% ;L; l% x`ghRok groku~ 'kh?kze~ eq[ksu] p×Pok if{kjkt% 'k=kqneu%] 'k=kquk'kd%

ys tkbZ [email protected] dh tkrh gqbZ jk{klksa osQ jktk }kjk ijkbZ L=kh osQ Li'kZ ls fuUnk djuh pkfg, /uq/Zj dop /kj.k fd, gq, ck.k dks fy, gq, dgk euk djks] jksdks m[kkM+ fn;k lhrk dks izgkj (pksV) ls gksus okys ?kkoksa dks rksM+ fn;k tVk;q (if{kjkt) nwj gVkdj VwVs gq, /uq"k okyk ekjs x, ?kksM+ksa okyk ysdj ekj Mkyk 'kh?kz gh pksap osQ }kjk if{k;ksa dk jktk 'k=kqvksa dks u"V djus okyk

74

'kseq"kh

vH;kl% 1- v/ksfyf[krkuka iz'ukuke~ mÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) ¶tVk;ks! i';¸ bfr dk onfr\ ([k) tVk;q% jko.ka fda dFk;fr\ (x) Øks/o'kkr~ jko.k% fda drqZe~ m|r% vHkor~\ (?k) irxs'oj% jko.kL; dhn`'ka pkia l'kja cHk×t\ (Ä) grk'oks grlkjfFk% jko.k% dq=k virr~\ 2- mnkgj.keuql`R; ;Fkk& xq.k $ nku $ (d) dop $ ([k) 'kj $ (x) oqQ'ky $ (?k) /u $ (Ä) n.M $

f.kfu&izR;;iz;ksxa f.kfu & f.kfu & f.kfu & f.kfu & f.kfu & f.kfu & f.kfu &

ÑRok inkfu jp;r& xqf.ku~ (xq.kh) nkfuu~ (nkuh) ------------------------------------------------------------------

3- jko.kL; tVk;ks'p fo'ks"k.kkfu lfEefyr:is.k fyf[krkfu rkfu i`Fkd~&i`Fko~Q ÑRok fy[kr& ;qok] l'kj%] o`¼%] grk'o%] egkcy%] irxlÙke%] HkXu/Uok] egkx`èkz%] [kxkf/i%] Øks/ewfPZNr%] irxs'oj%] ljFk%] doph] 'kjh ;Fkk& jko.k% ;qok -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tVk;q% o`¼% -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

75

tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~ 4- lfU/a@lfU/foPNsna ;Fkk& p $ (d) gr $ ([k) rq.Msu $ -------------(x) $ -------------(?k) $ -------------(Ä) $

ok oqQ#r& vknk; v'o% vL; ----------------------------------------

¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾

pknk; --------------------------cHk×tkL; vÄïsuknk; [kxkf/i%

5- ^d* LrEHks fyf[krkuka inkuka i;kZ;k% ^[k* LrEHks fyf[krk%A rku~ ;Fkkle{ka ;kst;r& d [k doph virr~ vk'kq if{kJs"B% fojFk% i`fFkO;ke~ iikr dop/kjh Hkqfo 'kh?kze~ irxlÙke% jFkfoghu% 6- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka@foykseinkfu e×tw"kk;ka nÙks"kq ins"kq fpRok ;Fkkle{ka fy[kr& eUne~ iznk; (d) ([k) (x) (?k) (Ä) (p) (N) (t) (>) (×k)

inkfu foyiUrh vk;Z jk{klsUnzs.k ikideZ.kk f{kize~ foxgZ;sr~ o`¼% vknk; okesu vfrØE;

iq.;deZ.kk nsosUnzs.k

glUrh iz'kalsr~ foykse'kCnk% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

vuk;Z nf{k.ksu

vufrØE; ;qok

76

'kseq"kh

7- (d) v/ksfyf[krkfu fo'ks"k.kinkfu iz;qT; laLÑrokD;kfu jp;r& (i) 'kqHkke~ ----------------- (iv) [kxkf/i% ----------------(ii) grlkjfFk% ----------------(v) okesu ----------------(iii) doph ----------------([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; leLra ina jp;r& ;Fkk& =k;k.kka yksdkuka lekgkj% & (i) i×pkuka oVkuka lekgkj% & (ii) lIRkkuka inkuka lekgkj% & (iii) v"Vkuka Hkqtkuka lekgkj% & (iv) prq.kk± eq[kkuka lekgkj% &

f=kyksdh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% (d) dfo ifjp; egf"kZ okYehfd vkfndkO; jkek;.k osQ jpf;rk gaSA dgk tkrk gS fd okYehfd dk ân;] ,d O;k/ }kjk ØhMkjr ØkS×p;qxy (if{k;ksa osQ tksM+s) esa ls ,d osQ ekj fn;s tkus ij mldh lgpjh osQ foyki dks lqudj nzfor gks x;k rFkk muosQ eq[k ls 'kki osQ :i esa tks ok.kh fudyh og 'yksd osQ :i esa FkhA ogh 'yksd ykSfdd laLÑr dk vkfn'yksd ekuk tkrk gS& ek fu"kkn izfr"Bka Roexe% 'kk'orh% lek%A ;RØkS×pfeFkquknsdeo/h% dkeeksfgre~AA ([k) Hkko foLrkj tVk;q&lw;Z osQ lkjFkh v#.k osQ nks iq=k Fks&lEikrh vkSj tVk;qA tVk;q i×poVh ou osQ if{k;ksa dk jktk Fkk tgk¡ vius ijkØe ,oa cqf¼dkS'ky ls 'kklu djrk FkkA i×poVh esa jko.k }kjk vigj.k dh x;h lhrk osQ foyki dks lqudj tVk;q us lhrk dh j{kk osQ fy, jko.k osQ lkFk ;q¼ fd;k vkSj ohjxfr ikbZA bl izdkj jkt&/eZ dh j{kk esa vius izk.kksa dk mRlxZ djus okys tVk;q dks Hkkjrh; laLÑfr dk egku~ uk;d ekuk tkrk gSA (x) lhrk fo"k;d lwpuk nsrs gq, tVk;q us jke ls tks opu dgs os bl izdkj gSa& ;keks " k/hfeok;q " eÂUos " kfl egkous A lk p nsoh ee izk.kk% jko.ksuksHk;a âre~AA

77

tVk;ks% 'kkS;Ze~

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% (?k) okD; iz;ksx z fxje~ z irxs'oj% z 'kjh z fo/w; z oz.kku~ z iikr z rq.Msu z O;ikgjr~ z vk'kq z vfHkt?kku

& & & & & & & & & &

Nk=k% e/qjka fxje~ mokpA if{kjkt% tVk;q% irxs'oj% vfi dF;rsA 'kjh jko.k% fu%'kL=ks.k tVk;quk vkØkUr%A ohj% 'k=kqizgkjku~ fo/w; vxzs vxPNr~A fpfdRld% vkS"k/su oz.kku~ fojksfirku~ vdjksr~A o`{k% dqBkjs.k fNUu% lu~ HkwekS iikrA 'kqdk% rq.Msu r.Mqyku~ [kknfUrA tVk;q% jko.kL; ckgwu~ O;ikgjr~A Lodk;Ze~ vk'kq lEikn;A jke% ous vusdku~ jk{klku~ vfHkt?kkuA

(Ä) L=khizR;;& Vki~ izR;;&d#.kk] nqf[krk] 'kqHkk] fuEuk] j{k.kh;k Ähi~ izR;;&foyiUrh] ;'kfLouh] oSnsgh] deyi=kk{kh fr izR;;&;qofr% iafq YyÄõ 'kCnksa ls L=khfyÄõ in fuekZ.k esa Vki~&Ähi~&fr izR;; iz;qDr gksrs gSaA Vki~ izR;; dk ^vk* rFkk Ähi~ izR;; dk ^bZ* 'ks"k jgrk gSA ;Fkk& z ew"kd $ Vki~ ¾ ewf"kdk z ckyd $ Vki~ ¾ ckfydk z v'o $ Vki~ ¾ v'ok z oRl $ Vki~ ¾ oRlk z glu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ glUrh z ekuq"k% $ Ähi~ ¾ ekuq"kh z ekfuu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ ekfuuh z jktu~ $ Ähi~ ¾ jkKh

,dkn'k% ikB%

i;kZoj.ke~ izLrqr ikB~;ka'k i;kZoj.k dks è;ku esa j[kdj fy[kk x;k ,d y?kq fucUèk gSA orZeku ;qx esa iznwf"kr okrkoj.k ekuo&thou osQ fy, Hk;Äjï vfHk'kki cu x;k gSA ufn;ksa dk ty dyqf"kr gks jgk gS] ou o`{kksa ls jfgr gks jgs gSa] feV~Vh dk dVko c<+us ls ck<+ dh leL;k,¡ c<+rh tk jgh gSaA dy&dkj[kkuksa vkSj okguksa osQ /q,¡ ls ok;q fo"kSyh gks jgh gSA oU;&izkf.k;ksa dh tkfr;k¡ Hkh u"V gks jgh gSaA oSKkfudksa osQ vuqlkj o`{kksa ,oa ouLifr;ksa osQ vHkko esa euq";ksa osQ fy, thfor jguk vlEHko izrhr gksrk gSA i=k] iq"i] iQy] dk"B] Nk;k ,oa vkS"kf/ iznku djus okys ikniksa ,oa o`{kksa dh mi;ksfxrk orZeku le; esa iwokZis{k;k vf/d gSA ,slh ifjfLFkfr esa gekjk drZO; gS fd ge i;kZoj.k osQ laj{k.kkFkZ mik; djsaA o`{kksa osQ jksi.k] unh&ty dh LoPNrk] mQtkZ osQ laj{k.k] okih] owQi] rM+kx] m|ku vkfn osQ fuekZ.k vkSj mudks LoPN j[kus esa iz;Ru'khy gksa rkfd thou lq[ke; ,oa minzo jfgr gks losQA

izÑfr% les"kka izkf.kuka laj{k.kk; ;rrsA b;a lokZu~ iq".kkfr fofoèkS%S izdkjS%] riZ;fr p lq[klk/uS%A i`fFkoh] tya] rstks] ok;q%] vkdk'k'pkL;k% ize[q kkfu rÙokfuA rkU;so fefyRok i`FkDr;k ok¿Lekda i;kZoj.ka jp;fUrA vkfoz;rs ifjr% leUrkr~ yksdks¿usus fs r i;kZoj.ke~A ;Fkk¿tkrf''k'kq% ekr`xHksZ lqjf{krfLr"Bfr rFkSo ekuo% i;kZoj.koqQ{kkSA ifj"Ñra izn"w k.kjfgra p i;kZoj.keLeH;a lkalkfjoaQ thoulq[ka] lf}pkja] lR;lÄYï ia ekÄfõ ydlkexzh×p iznnkfrA izÑfrdksi%S vkrfÄïrks tu% fda drq± izHkofr\ tyIykouS%] vfXuHk;S%] HkwdEiS%] okR;kpozQS %] mYdkikrkfnfHk'p lUrIrL; ekuoL; Do eÄõye~\ vr,o izÑfrjLekfHk% j{k.kh;kA rsu p i;kZoj.ka jf{kra Hkfo";frA izkphudkys yksdeÄõyk'kaflu Í"k;ks ous fuolfUr LeA ;rks fg ous ,o lqjf{kra i;kZoj.keqiyH;rs LeA fofo/k fogxk% dyowQftrSLr=k Jks=kjlk;ua nnfrA

i;kZoj.ke~

79

lfjrks fxfjfu>Zjk'p ve`rLoknq fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA o`{kk yrk'p iQykfu iq"ikf.k bU/udk"Bkfu p ckgqY;su leqigjfUrA 'khryeUnlqxU/ouiouk vkS"kèkdYia izk.kok;aq forjfUrA

ijUrq LokFkkZU/ks ekuoLrnso i;kZoj.ke| uk'k;frA LoYiykHkk; tuk cgqeYw ;kfu oLrwfu uk'k;fUrA ;U=kkxkjk.kka fo"kkDra tya u|ka fuikR;rs ;su eRL;knhuka typjk.kka p {k.ksuoS uk'kks tk;rsA unhtyefi rRloZFkk¿is;a tk;rsA ouo`{kk fufoZod s a fN|Urs O;kikjoèkZuk;] ;su vo`f"V% izo/Zr]s oui'ko'p 'kj.kjfgrk xzkes"kq minzoa fon/frA 'kq¼ok;qjfi o`{kdrZukr~ lÄïVkiUuks tkr%A ,oa fg LokFkkZU/ekuoSfoZÑfreqixrk izÑfrjso rs"kka fouk'kd=khZ l×tkrkA i;kZoj.ks foÑfreqixrs tk;Urs fofo/k jksxk Hkh"k.kleL;k'pA rRloZfenkuha fpUruh;a izfrHkkfrA /eksZ j{kfr jf{kr% bR;k"kZopue~A i;kZoj.kj{k.kefi èkeZL;SokÄõfefr Í"k;% izfrikfnroUr%A rr ,o okihowQirMkxkfnfuekZ.ka nsok;rufoJkex`gkfnLFkkiu×p

80

'kseq"kh

èkeZfl¼s% Ïksrks:is.kkÄhõ Ñre~A oqQDoqQjlwdjliZuoqQykfnLFkypjk] eRL;dPNiedjizHk`r;ks typjk'pkfi j{k.kh;k%] ;rLrs LFkyeykiuksfnuks tyeykigkfj.k'pA izÑfrj{k;So lEHkofr yksdj{ksfr u la'k;%A 'kCnkFkkZ% iq".kkfr vtkr% f'k'kq% oqQ{kkS tyIykouS% okR;kpoSzQ% yksdeÄõyk'kaflu% Jks=kjlk;ue~ fxfjfu>Zjk% ;U=kkxkjk.kke~ vis;e~ o`{kdrZukr~ nsok;rue~ LFkyeykiuksfnu%

iks"k.ka djksfr vuqRiUutkrd% xHksZ tykS?kS% okrpoSQz % lektdY;k.kdkek% d.kkZe`re~ ioZrkuka izikrk% ;U=kky;kuke~ ikrqe~ v;ksX;e~ o`{kk.kke~ mPNsnkr~ nsoky;%] efUnje~ Hkwfeeykilkfj.k%

iq"V djrk gS vtUek f'k'kq xHkZ esa ck<+ ls vk¡/h] coaMj turk osQ dY;k.k dks pkgus okys dku dks vPNk yxus okyk igkM+ksa ls fudyus okys >jus dkj[kkuksa osQ u ihus ;ksX; isM+ksa osQ dkVus ls efUnj Hkwfe dh xUnxh dks nwj djus okys

vH;kl% 1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLd`rHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) izd`rs% izeq[krÙokfu dkfu lfUr\ ([k) LokFkkZU/% ekuo% ¯d djksfr\ (x) i;kZoj.ks fod`rs tkrs ¯d Hkofr\ (?k) vLekfHk% i;kZoj.kL; j{kk dFka dj.kh;k\ (Ä) yksdj{kk dFka laHkofr\ (p) ifj"o`Qra i;kZoj.ke~ vLeH;a ¯d ¯d nnkfr\

81

i;kZoj.ke~ 2-

LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r& (d) ouo`{kk% fufoZosda fN|UrsA ([k) o`{kdrZukr~ 'kq¼ok;q% u izkI;rsA (x) izd`fr% thoulq[ka iznnkfrA (?k) vtkrf''k'kq% ekr`xHksZ lqjf{kr% fr"BfrA (Ä) i;kZoj.kj{k.ka /eZL; vÄõe~ vfLrA

3-

mnkgj.keuql`R; injpuka oqQ#r& (d) ;Fkk& tys pjfUr bfr & LFkys pjfUr bfr & fu'kk;ka pjfUr bfr & O;ksfEu pjfUr bfr & fxjkS pjfUr bfr & HkwekS pjfUr bfr & ([k) ;Fkk& u is;e~ bfr & u o`f"V bfr & u lq[ke~ bfr & u Hkko% bfr & u iw.kZ% bfr &

4-

typjk% --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vis;e~ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mnkgj.keuql`R; infuekZ.ka oqQ#r& ;Fkk&fo $ o`Q $ fDru~ ¾ foÑfr% (d) iz $ xe~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------([k) n`'k~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(x) xe~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(?k) eu~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(Ä) 'ke~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(p) Hkh $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(N) tu~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(t) Hkt~ $ fDru~ ¾ ----------------------(>) uh $ fDru~ ¾ -----------------------

82

'kseq"kh

5-

funsZ'kkuqlkja ifjorZ;r& ;Fkk&LokFkkZU/ks ekuo% v| i;kZoj.ka uk'k;fr (cgqopus)A LokFkkZU/k% ekuok% v| i;kZoj.ka uk'k;fUrA (d) lUrIrL; ekuoL; eÄõya oqQr%\ (cgqopus) ([k) ekuok% i;kZoj.koqQ{kkS lqjf{krk% HkofUrA (,dopus) (x) ouo`{kk% fufoZosda fN|UrsA (,dopus) (?k) fxfjfu>Zjk% fueZya tya iz;PNfUrA (f}opus) (Ä) lfjr~ fueZya tya iz;PNfrA (cgqopus)

6-

i;kZoj.kj{k.kk; HkoUr% fda dfj";fUr bfr fo"k;s i×p okD;kfu fy[krA ;Fkk& vga fo"kkDre~ vodja unh"kq u ikrf;";kfeA (d) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------([k) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(x) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(?k) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(Ä) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7- (d) mnkgj.keuql`R; milxkZu~ i`FkDÑRok fy[kr& ;Fkk& laj{k.kk; & le~ ---------------------(i) izHkofr & (ii) miyH;rs

&

----------------------

(iii) fuolfUr

&

----------------------

(iv) leqigjfUr

&

----------------------

(v) forjfUr

&

----------------------

(vi) iz;PNfUr

&

----------------------

(vii) mixrk

&

----------------------

(viii) izfrHkkfr

&

----------------------

83

i;kZoj.ke~ ([k) mnkgj.keuql`R; v/ksfyf[krkuka leLrinkukaa foxzga fy[kr& ;Fkk& rstksok;q% & rst% ok;q% pA fxfjfu>ZZjk% & fxj;% fu>Zjk% pA ---------------------& (i) i=kiq"is ---------------------& (ii) yrko`{kkS ---------------------& (iii) i'kqi{kh ---------------------& (iv) dhVirÄkõ S

ifj;kstukdk;Ze~ (d) fo|ky;izkÄõ.ks fLFkrL; m|kuL; o`{kk% iknik'p dFka lqjf{krk% L;q% rnFk± iz;Ru% dj.kh;% bfr lIrokD;s"kq fy[krA ([k) vfHkHkkodL; f'k{kdL; ok lg;ksxsu ,dL; o`{kL; vkjksi.ka dj.kh;e~A (;fn LFkkue~ vfLrA) rfgZ fo|ky;&izkÄõ.ks] ukfLr psr~ LofLeu~ izfros'ks] x`gs okA) Ñra lo± nSufUnU;ka fyf[kRok f'k{koaQ n'kZ;rA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% (d) fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx & vHkwrrn~Hkkos fPo & tks oLrq igys u gks mlosQ gks tkus esa fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA fPo izR;; dk iz;ksx osQoy Hkw rFkk o`Q /krqvksa osQ lkFk gksrk gSA 'kCn osQ vfUre Loj dk ^bZ* gks tkrk gSA ;Fkk& vÄhõ Ñre~ & vuÄLõ ; (vLoho`QrL;) vÄaõ Ñre~ vÄhõ o`Qre~ (Loho`Qre~) Ñ".khfØ;rs & vÑ".kL; Ñ".k% fØ;rs czãhHkofr & vczã.k% czã Hkofr nzohfØ;rs & vnzoL; nzo% fØ;rs ([k) fuEufyf[kr 'kCn;qXeksa osQ Hksn ns[kus ;ksX; gSa& lÄïYi% & lRlÄïYi% vkpkj% & lnkpkj% tu% & lTtu% lÄõfr% & lRlÄõfr% efr% & lUefr%

84

'kseq"kh (x) vk"kZopu & ½f"k osQ }kjk dgk x;k opu ^vk"kZopu* dgykrk gSA (?k) i×prÙo & i`Foh] ty] vfXu] ok;q vkSj vkdk'kA bu ik¡p rÙoksa ls gh ;g 'kjhj curk gSA

lekukUrj 'yksd o lwfDr;k¡ i;kZoj.k ls lEcfU/r fuEu mfDr;k¡ ,oa 'yksd i<+us ;ksX; rFkk ;kn djus ;ksX; gSa& z gekjh laLÑfr esa o`{k oUnuh; gSa blfy, o`{kksa dks dkVuk] m[kkM+uk oftZr gSA n'kowQilek okih n'kokihleks ßn%A n'kßnle% iq=kks n'kiq=kleks nzqe%AA (eRL;iqjk.ke~) z

rqylh dk ikS/k Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk ,d egRo iw.kZ vÄõ gSA u osQoy èkkfeZd vfirq fpfdRlk dh n`f"V ls Hkh ;g j{kk djus ;ksX; gSA blhfy, ?kj osQ vk¡xu esa blosQ jksi.k dk egÙo gSA iqjk.k vkSj oS|d xzUFkksa osQ vuqlkj rqylh dk ikSèkk ok;qiznw"k.k dks nwj djrk gSA dgk x;k gS& ^rqylh* dkuus pSo x`gs ;L;kofr"BrsA rn~x`ga rhFkZfeR;kgq% uk;kfUr ;efdÄïjk%AA rqylhxU/eknk; ;=k xPNfr ek#r%A fn'kks n'k iqukR;k'kq Hkwrxzkeka'prqfoZ/ku~AA

z

rqylh dk jl rhozToj dks u"V djrk gSA dgk x;k gS& ihrks ejhfppw.ksZu rqylhi=ktks jl%A nzks.kiq"ijlksI;soa fugfUr fo"kea Toje~AA

z

(i|ksÙkj[k.Me~)

o`{kkjksi.k dk egÙo& rkj;sn~ o`{kjksih rq rLekn~ o`{kku~ izjksi;sr~A rL; iq=kk HkoUR;so iknik uk=k 'kal;%AA

('kkÄ~xZ/j)

}kn'k% ikB%

okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ izLrqr ikB NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ osQ NBs vè;k; osQ i×pe [k.M ij vkèkkfjr gSA blesa eu] izk.k rFkk oko~Q (ok.kh) osQ lanHkZ esa jkspd fooj.k izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA mifu"kn~ osQ xw<+ izlax dks cksèkxE; cukus osQ mís'; ls bls vk#f.k ,oa 'osrosQrq osQ laokn:i esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA vk"kZ&ijaijk esa Kku&izkfIr osQ rhu mik; crk, x, gSa ftuesa ifjiz'u Hkh ,d gSA ;gk¡ xq#lsokijk;.k f'k"; ok.kh] eu rFkk izk.k osQ fo"k; esa iz'u iwNrk gS vkSj vkpk;Z mu iz'uksa osQ mÙkj nsrs gSaA

'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! 'osrosQrqjga oUnsA vk#f.k% & oRl! fpj×thoA 'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! fdf×pRiz"VqfePNkfeA vk#f.k% & oRl! fde| Ro;k iz"VO;efLr\ 'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! iz"VqfePNkfe fdfena eu%\ vk#f.k% & oRl! vf'krL;kUuL; ;ks¿f.k"B% rUeu%A 'osrosQrq% & d'p izk.k%\ vk#f.k% & ihrkuke~ vika ;ks¿f.k"B% l izk.k%A 'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! osQ;a oko~Q\

86

'kseq"kh

vk#f.k% & oRl! vf'krL; rstlk ;ks¿f.k"B% lk okd~A lkSE;! eu% vUue;a] izk.k% vkikse;% oko~Q p rstkse;h Hkofr bR;I;o/k;Ze~A 'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! Hkw; ,o eka foKki;rqA vk#f.k% & lkSE;! lko/kua Ük`.kqA eF;ekuL; nèu% ;ks¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA rRlfiZ% HkofrA 'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! O;k[;kra Hkork ?k`rksRifÙkjgL;e~A Hkw;ks¿fi JksrqfePNkfeA vk#f.k% & ,oeso lkSE;! v';ekuL; vUuL; ;ks¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA rUeuks HkofrA voxra u ok\ 'osrosQrq% & lE;xoxra Hkxou~! vk#f.k% & oRl! ih;ekukuke~ vika ;ks¿f.kek l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfr l ,o izk.kks HkofrA 'osrosQrq% & Hkxou~! okpefi foKki;rqA vk#f.k% & lkSE;! v';ekuL; rstlks ;kss¿f.kek] l mQèoZ% leqnh"kfrA lk [kyq okXHkofrA oRl! mins'kkUrs Hkw;ks¿fi Roka foKkif;rqfePNkfe ;nUue;a Hkofr eu%] vkikse;ks Hkofr izk.kkLrstkse;h p Hkofr okfxfrA fd×p ;kn`'keUukfnda x`Êkfr ekuoLrkn`'keso rL; fpÙkkfnda Hkorhfr enqins'klkj%A oRl! ,rRlo± ân;su vo/kj;A 'osrosQrq% & ;nkKki;fr Hkxou~A ,"k iz.kekfeA vk#f.k% & oRl! fpj×thoA rstfLo ukS v/hre~ vLrqA 'kCnkFkkZ% iz"Vqe~ iz"VO;e~ vf'krL; vf.k"B% vUue;e~

iz'ua drqZe~ iz"Vqa ;ksX;e~ Hkf{krL; yf?k"B%] y?kqre% vUufodkjHkwre~

iz'u djus@iwNus osQ fy, iwNus ;ksX; [kk;s gq, dk vR;Ur y?kq vFkok lokZf/d y?kq vUu ls fufeZr

87

okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ vkikse;% rstkse;% vo/k;Ze~ foKki;rq Hkw;ks¿fi leqnh"kfr lfiZ% v';ekuL; mins'kkUrs rstfLo ukS v/hre~

tye;% vfXue;% voxUrO;e~ izcks/;r iqujfi leqfÙk"Bfr] leq|kfr] leqPNyfr ?k`re~] vkT;e~ Hk{;ek.kL;] fuxh;Zek.kL; izopukUrs rstks;qDre~ vko;ks%ifBre~

ty esa ifj.kr vfXu dk ifj.kkeHkwr le>us ;ksX; le>kb;s ,d ckj vkSj mQij mBrk gS ?kh [kk;s tkrs gq, dk O;k[;ku osQ vUr esa rstfLork ls ;qDr ge nksuksa }kjk i
vH;kl% 1- vèkksfyf[krkuka iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k laLÑrHkk"k;k fy[kr& (d) 'osrosQrq% loZizFkee~ vk#f.ka dL; Lo:iL; fo"k;s i`PNfr\ ([k) vk#f.k% izk.kLo:ia dFka fu:i;fr\ (x) ekuokuka psrkafl dhn`'kkfu HkofUr\ (?k) lfiZ% ¯d Hkofr\ (Ä) vk#.ks% erkuqlkja eu% dhn`'kaa Hkofr\ 2- (d) ^v* LrEHkL; inkfu ^c* LrEHksu nRrS% inS% lg ;Fkk;ksX;a ;kst;r& v c eu% vUue;e~ izk.k% rstkse;h oko~Q vkikse;% ([k) v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka foykseina ikBkr~ fpRok fy[kr& ---------------------------(i) xfj"B% ---------------------------(ii) v/% ---------------------------(iii) ,dokje~

88

'kseq"kh (iv) vuo/hre~ (v) fdf×pr~

-------------------------------------------------------

3- mnkgj.keuql`R; fuEufyf[krs"kq fØ;kinss"kq ;Fkk& izPN~ $ rqequ~ ¾ (d) Ükzq $ rqequ~ ¾ ([k) oUn~ $ rqequ~ ¾ (x) iB~ $ rqequ~ ¾ (?k) Ñ $ rqequ~ ¾ (Ä) fo $ Kk $ rqequ~ ¾ (p) fo $ vk $ [;k $ rqequ~ ¾

^rqequ~* izR;;a ;kstf;Rok infuekZ.ka oqQ#r& iz"Vqe~ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4- funsZ'kkuqlkja fjDrLFkkukfu iwj;r& (d) vga fdf×pr~ iz"Vqe~ -----------------A (bPN~ & yV~ydkjs) ([k) eu% vUue;a -----------------------A (Hkw & yV~ydkjs) (x) lko/kua -----------------A (Jq & yksV~ydkjs) (?k) rstfLouko/hre~ -----------------A (vl~ & yksV~ydkjs) (Ä) 'osrosQrq% vk#.ks% f'k";% -----------------A (vl~ & yÄ~ydkjs) 5- mnkgj.keuql`R; okD;kfu jp;r& ;Fkk& vga Lons'ka lsforqe~ bPNkfeA (d) ----------------------------------------- mifn'kkfeA ([k) ----------------------------------------- iz.kekfeA (x) ----------------------------------------- vkKki;kfeA (?k) ----------------------------------------- i`PNkfeA (Ä) ----------------------------------------- voxPNkfeA 6- (d) lfU/a oqQ#r& ¾ --------------------------(i) vf'krL; $ vÂL; ¾ --------------------------(ii) bfr $ vfi $ vo/k;Ze~ (iii) dk $ b;e~ ¾ --------------------------(iv) ukS $ v/hre~ ¾ --------------------------¾ --------------------------(v) Hkofr $ bfr

89

okÄ~eu%izk.kLo:ie~ ([k) LFkwyinkU;f/ÑR; iz'ufuekZ.ka dq#r& (i) eF;ekuL; nèu% vf.kek mQ?o± leqnh"kfrA (ii) Hkork ?k`rksRifÙkjgL;a O;k[;kre~A (iii) vk#f.ke~~ mixE; 'osrosQrq% vfHkokn;frA (iv) 'osrosQrq% okfXo"k;s i`PNfrA 7- ikBL; lkjka'ka i×pokD;S% fy[krA

;ksX;rkfoLrkj% xzUFk ifjp;& NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ mifu"kRlkfgR; dk izkphu ,oa izfl¼ xzUFk gSA ;g lkeosn osQ mifu"kn~ czkã.k dk eq[; Hkkx gSA bldh o.kZu i¼fr vR;f/d oSKkfud vkSj ;qfDrlaxr gSA blesa vkReKku osQ lkFk&lkFk mi;ksxh dk;ks± vkSj miklukvksa dk lE;o~Q o.kZu gqvk gSA NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ vkB vè;k;ksa esa foHkDr gSA blosQ NBs vè;k; esa ^rÙoefl* dk foLrkj ls foospu izkIr gksrk gSA

HkkofoLrkj% vk#f.k vius iq=k 'osrosQrq dks mins'k nsrs gSa fd [kk;k gqvk vUu rhu izdkj dk gksrk gSA mldk fLFkjre Hkkx ey gksrk gS] eè;e ekal gksrk gS] vkSj lcls y?kqre eu gksrk gSA fi;k gqvk ty Hkh rhu izdkj dk gksrk gS& mldk LFkfo"B Hkkx ew=k gksrk gS] eè;Hkkx yksfgr (jDr) gksrk gS vkSj vf.k"B Hkkx izk.k gksrk gSA Hkkstu ls izkIr rst Hkh rhu rjg dk gksrk gS & mldk LFkfo"B Hkkx vfLFk gksrk gS] eè;e Hkkx eTtk (pchZ) gksrh gS vkSj tks y?kqre Hkkx gS og ok.kh gksrh gSA tks [kk;k tkrk gS og vUu gSA vUu gh fuf'pr :i ls eu gSA U;k; vkSj lR; ls vftZr fd;k gqvk vUu lkfRod gksrk gSA mls [kkus ls eu Hkh lkfRod gksrk gSA nwf"kr Hkkouk vkSj vU;k; ls vftZr vUu rkel gksrk gSA dF; dk lkjka'k ;g gS fd lkfRod Hkkstu ls eu lkfRod gksrk gSA jktlh Hkkstu ls eu jktl gksrk gS vkSj rkel Hkkstu ls eu dh izof` Ùk Hkh rkelh gks tkrh gSA bl lalkj esa ty gh thou gS] vkSj izk.k tye; gksrk gSA rSy (rsy)] ?k`r vkfn osQ Hk{k.k ls ok.kh fo'kn gksrh gS vkSj Hkk"k.kkfn dk;ks± esa lkeF;Z dh o`f¼ djrh gSA blfy, ok.kh dks rstkse;h dgk tkrk gSA NkUnksX;ksifu"kn~ osQ vuqlkj eu vUue; gS] izk.k tye; gS vkSj ok.kh rstkse;h gSA

90

'kseq"kh

Hkkf"kdfoLrkj% 1-

e;V~ izR;; izkpq;Z osQ vFkZ esa iz;qDr gksrk gSA ;Fkk& iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ 'kkfUr $ e;V~ 'kkfUre;% 'kkfUre;h vkuUn $ e;V~ vkuUne;% vkuUne;h lq[k $ e;V~ lq[ke;% lq[ke;h rst% $ e;V~ rstkse;% rstkse;h

2-

e;V~ izR;; dk iz;ksx fodkj vFkZ esa Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA ;Fkk& iqafYyÄõ L=khfyÄõ e`r~ $ e;V~ e`.e;% e`.e;h Lo.kZ $ e;V~ Lo.kZe;% Lo.kZe;h ykSg $ e;V~ ykSge;% ykSge;h ty dks thou dgk x;k gSA ^^tho;fr yksdku~ tye~** ;g i×pHkwrksa osQ vUrxZr Hkwrfo'ks"k gSA blosQ i;kZ;okph 'kCn gSa& okfj] ikuh;e~] mnde~] mne~] lfyye~] rks;e~] uhje~] vEcq] vEHkl~] i;l~ vkfnA ty dh mi;ksfxrk osQ fo"k; esa fuEufyf[kr 'yksd nz"VO; gS& ikuh;a izkf.kuka izk.kLrnk;Roaa fg thoue~A rks;kHkkos fiiklkrZ% {k.kkr~ izk.kS% foeqqP;rsAA eul~ (uiqald fyÄ)õ 'kCn dk :i izeu% eulh eukafl f} ** ** ** rèulk euksH;ke~ euksfHk% peuls ** euksH;% iaeul% ** ** "k** eulks% eulke~ leufl ** euLlq lEcks/u gs eu%! gs eulh! gs eukafl! z vEHkl~] i;l~] ;'kl~] rstl~] uHkl~] vkfn 'kCnksa osQ :i Hkh eul~ dh rjg gksrs gSaA vè;srO;% xzUFk%& mifu"knksa dh dgkfu;k¡& MkW- Hkxoku¯lg] us'kuy cqd VªLV] ubZ fnYyhA

3-

4-

eÄy õ e~ ;L;ka leqnz mr flU/qjkiks ;L;keUua Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%A ;L;kfEkna ftUofr izk.knstr~ lk uks Hkwfe% iwoZis;s n/krq AA1AA ;L;k'prÏ% izfn'k% i`fFkO;k ;L;keUua Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%A ;k fcHkfrZ cgq/k izk.knstr~ lk uks Hkwfexks"Z oI;Uus n/krq AA2AA tua fcHkzrh cgq/k fookpla ukuk/ekZ.ka i`fFkoh ;FkkSdle~A lgÏaa /kjk nzfo.kL; es nqgka /zoq os /sujq uiLiqQjUrh AA3AA 1-

ftl (Hkwfe) esa egklkxj] ufn;k¡ vkSj tyk'k; (>hy] ljksoj vkfn) fo|eku gSa] ftlesa vusd izdkj osQ HkksT; inkFkZ mitrs gSa rFkk Ñf"k] O;kikj vkfn djus okys yksx lkekftd laxBu cuk dj jgrs gSa (Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%)] ftl (Hkwfe) esa ;s lk¡l ysrs (izk.kr~) izk.kh pyrs&fiQjrs gSa_ og ekr`Hkwfe gesa izFke HkksT; inkFkZ ([kk|&is;) iznku djs AA1AA

2-

ftl Hkwfe esa pkj fn'kk,¡ rFkk mifn'kk,¡ vusd izdkj osQ HkksT; inkFkZ (iQy] 'kkd vkfn) mitkrh gSa_ tgk¡ Ñf"k&dk;Z djus okys lkekftd laxBu cukdj jgrs gSa (Ñ"V;% la cHkwoq%)_ tks (Hkwfe) vusd izdkj osQ izkf.k;ksa (lk¡l ysus okyksa rFkk pyus&fiQjus okys thoksa) dks /kj.k djrh gS] og ekr`Hkwfe gesa xkS&vkfn ykHkizn i'kqvksa rFkk [kk| inkFkks± osQ fo"k; esa lEiUu cuk ns AA2AA

3-

vusd izdkj ls fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa dks cksyus okys rFkk vusd èkeks± dks ekuus okys tu&leqnk; dks] ,d gh ?kj esa jgus okys yksxksa osQ leku] /kj.k djus okyh rFkk dHkh u"V u gksus nsus okyh (vuiLiqQjUrh) fLFkj&tSlh ;g i`Foh gekjs fy, /u dh lgÏksa /kjkvksa dk mlh izdkj nksgu djs tSls dksbZ xk; fcuk fdlh ck/k osQ nw/ nsrh gks AA3AA

NCERT Book - Sanskrit- Class IX

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