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INTERFACE BETWEEN GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS AND TRADEMARKS
SYNOPSIS TO THE RESEARCH DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO AMITY INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH
IN PART FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS (LLM)
SUBMITTED BY NAMRATA KHURANA LLM (INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY) ENROLLMENT NUMBER - A03104410!! BATCH" !01-1#
SYNOPSIS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
TRADEMARK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDIACATION TRADE MARK - A trade mark is a mark which may be i the !"rm "! a w"rd# $hrase symb"% "r desi& "r c"mbiati" "! w"rds# $hrases "r symb"%s' GEOGRAPHICAL INDIACTION( - A &e"&ra$hica% idicati" is a si& )sed " $r"d)cts that ha*e a s$eci!ic &e"&ra$hica% "ri&i ad $"ssess +)a%ities "r a re$)tati" that are d)e t" that "ri&i' I "rder t" !)cti" as a GI# a si& m)st ideti!y a $r"d)ct as "ri&iati& i a &i*e $%ace' CHAPTER II TRADE MARK AND GEOGRAPOHICAL INDIACTION - ORIGIN$ DEVELOPMENT AND SCOPE
ORIGIN O, TRADE MARK( TPE( O, TRADEMARK( • • • •
(er*ice Mark C"%%ecti*e Mark Certi!icati" Mark Trade Dress
(ER.ICE MARK( - A ser*ice Mark is ay w"rd/ ame# symb"%# de*ice# "r ay c"mbiati" )sed "r iteded t" be )sed i c"mmerce t" ideti!y ad disti&)ish the ser*ices "! "e $r"*ider by "thers ad t" idicate the s")rce "! ser*ices' It is basica%%y )sed i disti&)ishi& marks "! "e ser*ice $r"*ider !r"m the "ther' COLLECTI.E MARK( - A c"%%ecti*e Mark is "e )sed by members "! a c""$erati*e ass"ciati"# )i" "r "ther c"%%ecti*e &r")$ "r "ther &r")$ "r "r&ai0ati" t" ideti!y s")rce the "! &""ds "r ser*ices' A c"%%ecti*e mark meas a mark which is )ti%i0ed !"r &""ds ad ser*ices with same characteristics which are t" be traded by "e "r m"re $ers" acti& 1"it%y "r %e&a% etity !"r di!!eretiati" with "ther &""ds "r ser*ices "! same kid'
CERTI,ICATION MARK( - a mark idicati& that the &""ds "r ser*ices i c"ecti" with which it is )sed are certi!ied by the $r"$riet"r "! the mark i res$ect "! "ri&i# materia%# ad m"de "! ma)!act)re "! &""ds "r $er!"rmace "! ser*ices# +)a%ity# acc)racy# "r "ther characteristics' TRADE DRE(( 2 Trade dress re!ers t" c"mbiati" "! e%emets that make )$ the %""k# !ee%# "r e*ir"met "! a $r"d)ct "r b)siess/ the term ca re!er t" idi*id)a% e%emets "! a $r"d)ct "r b)siess ima&e as we%% as t" the ima&e the c"mbiati" "! th"se e%emets creates as a wh"%e' CHAPTER III % OVERLAPPING OF TRADE MARK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS % INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PRESPECTIVE
3"th GIs ad trademarks4 •
Are si&s that ser*e the !)cti" "! de"ti& the s")rce ad +)a%ity "! a $r"d)ct#
•
disti&)ishi& them !r"m simi%ar $r"d)cts " the market/ Are !"rms "! $r"tecti" that seek t" e5c%)de )a)th"ri0ed $ers"s !r"m )si& the si&
•
ad $r"*ide remedies ad sacti"s a&aist )a)th"ri0ed )sers/ Are si&s that ca bec"me &eeric thr")&h mis)se# "-)se "r "*er)se by the $)b%ic' TMs !)cti"s disti&)ish a s$eci!ic $r"d)ct !r"m simi%ar $r"d)cts i the market $%ace
•
ad idicate a $r"d)cts trade "ri&i Ordiary trademarks may be tras!erred ad "wed by se*era% di!!eret $r"$riet"rs
•
with")t e5tera% restricti" "r re&)%ati"s GIs $"it c"s)mers t" the &e"&ra$hica% area "! the $r"d)ct6s "ri&i ad7"r s$eci!ic
•
!eat)res "! the $r"d)ct attrib)tab%e t" the "ri&i' 8der certai %aws# a GI ca"t be tras!erred by "e $r"$riet"r i# !"r e5am$%e# the 8(A t" a"ther# !"r e5am$%e# i Ita%y as it is "t the e5c%)si*e $r"$erty "! the $r"d)cer "r &r")$ "! $r"d)cers etit%ed t" its )se&
CHAPTER IV % OVERLAPPING OF TRADE MARK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS" INDIAN PRESPECTIVE
•
TMs !)cti" disti&)ish a s$eci!ic $r"d)ct !r"m simi%ar $r"d)cts i the market $%ace a d
•
idicate $r"d)ct6s trade "ri&i' Ordiary trademarks may be tras!erred ad "wed by se*era% di!!eret $r"$riet"rs
•
with")t e5tera% restricti" "r re&)%ati"' GIs $"it c"s)mers t" the &e"&ra$hica% area "! the $r"d)ct6s "ri&i ad7"r s$eci!ic
•
!eat)res "! the $r"d)ct attrib)tab%e t" the "ri&i' 8der certai %aws# a GI ca"t be tras!erred by "e $r"$riet"r i# !"r e5am$%e# the 8(A t" a"ther# !"r e5am$%e# i Ita%y as it is "t the e5c%)si*e $r"$erty "! the $r"d)cer "r &r")$ "! $r"d)cers etit%ed t" its )se' GIs ha*e m"re i c"mm" with c"%%ecti*e "r
•
certi!icati" trademarks tha with "rdiary trademarks' ("me c")tries 9the 8ited (tates# Caada ad A)stra%ia:# "!!er $r"tecti" !"r GIs thr")&h the trademark system as c"%%ecti*e "r certi!icati" marks'
CHAPTER V % CASE STUDY
;' DARELLING TEA" T" $r"tect Dar1ee%i& tea !r"m mis%eadi& ad mis)si& Idia !ee%s the eed t" $r"tect it )der the &e"&ra$hica% idicati" !"r istace 2 Assam# Keya Ne$a% is a%s" $r"d)ci& tea ad has "!te bee $assed "!! )der the w"r%d ame "! Dar1ee%i& tea' 3aaras br"cades ad saris6 sec)red re&istrati" )der the GI Act i (e$tember =??@# with the a$$%icati" !i%ed by ie "r&aisati"s *i0' 3aaras 3)kar (amiti# H)ma
9wh"%esa%e dea%ers:# master wea*ers ad "ther wea*ers'
3ar$)1ari# "$'cit':' I the $reset day# m)&a si%k c"stit)tes the state6s m"st $"$)%ar e5$"rt $r"d)ct a!ter Assam tea' The Patet I!"rmati" Cetre "! the Assam (ciece Tech"%"&y ad E*ir"met C")ci% 9A(TEC: sec)red re&istrati" !"r m)&a i =??# which is icideta%%y the !irst re&istered GI !r"m the "rth-easter re&i"'
Idia' Pe$$er is )sed as a s$ice ad it has a%s" &"t medicia% $r"$erties' Ma%abar $e$$er is c)%ti*ated i the &e"&ra$hic re&i"s c"m$rised i the Ma%abar re&i" "! the erstwhi%e Madras Presidecy' N"w these areas c"m$rise i the states "! Kera%a# Karataka ad Tami% Nad)' Ma%abar $e$$er acc")ts !"r ar")d = $er cet "! the etire w"r%d6s s)$$%y "! $e$$er' This $e$$er is )i+)e !"r its shar$# h"t ad biti& taste' Hi&h%y ar"matic# with a disticti*e !r)ity b")+)et# it has the $er!ect c"mbiati" "! !%a*"r ad ar"ma' I "rder t" $r"tect the brad *a%)e "! Ma%abar $e$$er# the ($ices 3"ard a$$%ied !"r a GI re&istrati" ad a!ter c"m$%eti& the !"rma%ities the re&istrati" was &rated' As $e$$er is e5$"rted i h)&e +)atities# there was a !ee%i& that the GI ta& w")%d &i*e better %e&a% $r"tecti" a&aist c")ter!eit $r"d)cts# m"re *isibi%ity t" the brad etc' N"e "! the res$"dets iter*iewed by TERI researchers were aware "! ay i!ri&emet acti" iitiated a&aist ay "! the c")ter!eit $r"d)cers' There was a%s" a &eera% !ee%i& that it is the traders wh" rea$ bee!it ")t "! the GI ta& ad "t the !armers' The &eera% re!rai was that !armers d" "t &et ay e5tra bee!it !r"m the GI ta which is a%s" c"rr"b"rated by !idi&s !r"m the TERI s)r*ey disc)ssed %ater' The &eera% m""d i the sect"r at the time "! !ie%d *isit was a w"rry "*er the dec%ii& $rice i $e$$er' There were demads that there sh")%d be a c"m$%ete ba " !)t)re trades i $e$$er' ' VA'HAKULAM PINEAPPLE 2 There was c"siderab%e iterest sh"w am"& the academia ad $ractici& %awyers ab")t the GI ta& !"r .a0hak)%am Piea$$%e' ("me iter*iews were c"d)cted by TERI researchers as a res)%t "! this' Piea$$%e is $r"d)ced as a c"mmercia% !r)it cr"$ i Idia' The mai $iea$$%e $r"d)ci& states are Kera%a#
disticti*e taste "! the $iea$$%e t" the s"i% i the re&i"' The mai demad !"r .a0akk)%am $iea$$%e c"mes !r"m the state "! Kera%a "%y' The e5$"rt market is mai%y the G)%! c")tries' As the !r)it has t" be c"s)med withi - days "! har*esti e5$"rti& d"es "t make m)ch "! c"mmercia% sese' I "rder t" $r"tect the brad ame# GI a$$%icati" was 1"it%y !i%ed by the Piea$$%e ,armers Ass"ciati"# Nad)kkara A&r" Pr"cessi& C"m$ay Ltd' 9NAPCL:# ad the Kera%a A&ric)%t)ra% 8i*ersity' The Piea$$%e ,armers Ass"ciati" is a re&istered s"ciety )der the Charitab%e ("cieties Act' It was !"rmed i ;@@? mai%y t" address the marketi& iss)es' M"re tha ?? $iea$$%e !armers are members "! this Ass"ciati"' The mai "b1ecti*es "! the ass"ciati" are4 t" )ite ad stre&the the $iea$$%e !armers/ t" create awareess " !armi& ad marketi& iss)es/ t" $r"*ide assistace i seeki& !iacia% ad techica% he%$ !r"m *ari")s &"*ermet ad "-&"*ermet a&ecies/ ad t" e&a&e i $r"m"ti" acti*ities' The Nad)kkara A&r" Pr"cessi& C"m$ay Ltd' is a $)b%ic %imited c"m$ay with a shareh"%di& $atter "! B? $er cet he%d by !armers ad ? $er cet by the state "! Kera%a' NAPCL is i*"%*ed i the $r"d)cti" "! may $iea$$%e based $r"d)cts %ike $iea$$%e 1)ice# $iea$$%e !r)it cadies am"& "thers' The Kera%a A&ric)%t)ra% 8i*ersity was istr)meta% i $r"*idi& the scieti!ic detai%s eeded !"r the GI re&istrati" ad is i*"%*ed as the is$ecti" b"dy t" re&)%ate the +)a%ity stadard $arameters' The $)r$"se "! &"i& !"r a GI re&istrati" was !"r brad *a%)e' N" case "! i!ri&emet has c"me t" the "tice s" !ar' The "!!ice bearers "! the !armers6 ass"ciati" were *ery cadid i e5$%aii& that the ma1"r bee!it "! the GI re&istrati" was the &reater *isibi%ity "! the brad' M"st "! the !armers are bi& !armers wh" ha*e take %ad !"r %ease' The %ease %ad mai%y c"mes !r"m the r)bber $%atati"s# d)ri& their re$%atati" time' I the !irst 2 years "! re$%atati"# $iea$$%e is c)%ti*ated as a iter cr"$' These $%atati"s w")%d stretch !r"m ? 2 ;?? acres' It is c)%ti*ated as a itercr"$ i c"c")t !arms t""' There are !armers wh" ha*e res"rted t" $iea$$%e c)%ti*ati" as the mai cr"$' There was a !ee%i& am"& the re$resetati*es "! the !armers6 ass"ciati" that as GI is iteded t" he%$ the marketi& "! the $r"d)ct as it bri&s i m"re brad *isibi%ity# the !armers are "t direct%y bee!itted' The &eera% !ee%i& t" be &athered a!ter iteracti" was that direct bee!it !"r !armers was "t see as the $)r$"se "! GI ta&' CHAPTER VII % CONCLUSION