MOVIMIENTO VIBRATORIO Autor: Luis Cordero Vélez Profesor de Física y Química I.E.S.O. San Ginés
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INTRODUCCIÓN Unidad dedicada a Física de 2º Bachillerato. Se trata de la primera de la unidades de esta asignatura, corresponde al bloque de vibraciones y ondas. En esta unidad trataremos las características del
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ÍNDICE •
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Movimiento periódico. Movimiento vibratorio. Movimiento armónico simple. Cinemática del movimiento armónico simple. Otras magnitudes de movimiento armónico simple.
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MOVIMIENTO PERIÓDICO
Se dice que un movimiento en es periódico cuando se repite a intervalos iguales de tiempo. Periodo, el tiempo empleado en repetir el movimiento, se representa por T, y se mide en segundos. Frecuencia, el número de vueltas completas o ciclos que realiza el móvil en la unidad de
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MOVIMIENTO VIBRATORIO
En estos movimientos el objeto oscila entre dos posiciones extremas sin pérdida de energía mecánica, porque suponemos que no hay rozamiento. Oscilación o vibración completa, movimiento realizado durante un periodo.
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MOVIMIENTO ARMÓNICO SIMPLE
Son los vibratorios más importantes de la naturaleza. Se llaman así porque se pueden expresar mediante funciones armónicas, como el seno o el coseno de una sola variable. Son producidos por fuerzas que en todo momentos son proporcionales al desplazamiento de la partícula que vibra y dirigida siempre hacía
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CINEMÁTICA DEL MAS
Ecuación del m.a.s. −x
= A sen (ωt+φ)
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OTRAS MAGNITUDES DEL M.A.S.
Periodo, es el tiempo que tarda el movimiento en repetirse. T= 2π/ω
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VELOCIDAD DEL M.A.S.
v= dx/dt = A ω cos (ωt+φ) También se puede expresar como:
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ACELERACIÓN DEL M.A.S
A = dv/dt = - Aω2 sen (ωt + φ) = -ω2x. La aceleración también es periódico.
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DINÁMICA DEL MOVIMIENTO ARMÓNICO SIMPLE
La fuerza que origina este movimiento tiende a llevar a la partícula a la posición de equilibrio.
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ENERGÍA DE UN OSCILADOR
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ENERGÍA DE UN OSCILADOR
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