Module-2 ARM instruction SET

M^J Akrtix J1 Dgstruatdkg Qits mgc Urk rmjjdg Urkf. Mjkhlm N Msst. Urkf. ODS,, Cmvmghiri. ODS

Xly Mssijnbir •

•

•

•

Jks Jkst dg dgcu cusstrdm trdmbb jd jdar arka kakg kgtr trkb kbbi birr usir usirss prkh prkhrrmj dg mssi mssijn jnby by bmgh bmghum umh hi Jmgy JA usirs wdbb akgtdgui tk prkhrmj dg Jmgy mppbdamtdkg riqudri tli iffdadigay kf mssijn mssijnby by bmghum bmghumhi hi Ygcirstmgcdgh tli mssijnby ivmb iv mbum umtd tdgh gh ld ldhl hl bi bivvib bmgh bmghum umhi hi..

9/>>/>5=<

Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

libps

dg

>

Kutbdgi •

Mssi Mssijn jnby by nmsd nmsdas as,, Dgs Dgstrua truatd tdkg kg

•

Bdsst mgc Bd mgc ci cisa sard rdpt ptdk dkg, g,

•

Ysif Ysifub ub dgstru dgstruatd atdkgs kgs,,

•

Mss Mssij ijnb nbyy mgc A bmghu mghum mhi Urkhrm hrmjj jjdg dgh h

9/>>/>5=<

Cipt. kf IAI, ODS ODS,, CVH

1

Dgtrkcuatdkg •

Dt fkaus kg tli vmrdkus dgstruatdkg sit kf AK^SI\ J1 mgc ixmjpbi fkr imal

9/>>/>5=<


3

Mssijnby Nmsdas •

•

Sli nmsda sygtmx slkubc ni abimrby ugcirstkkc nifkri wrdtdgh tli prkhrmjs Akjjkg sygtmx ds ‑

•

m i s kp kgm kr iviry gs gs rua kg ‑

•

•

•

Bmnib kpakci kpakci kpirmgc=, kpirmgc=, kpirmgc>,…… kpirmgc>,…… 0 akjjigts akjjigts Mccriss kf dgstruatdkg mri dcigtdfdic ny bmnib.

Kpakci Kpakci ‑ m ldhl ldhl biv bivib ib Ighbdsl Ighbdsl wkrc wkrc fkr usir usir mgc mgc jmaldgi bivib akci fkr akjputirs Gkrjmbby fdrst kpirmgc ds cistdgmtdkg mgc dt cipigcs kg dgstruatdkg. Gujnir kf kpirmgcs mri cipigcmgt kg dgstruatdkg.

9/>>/>5=<


9

Ixmjpbi jkvdgh m djjicdmti cmtm •

Jkv r5, #5x=> 0 mftir ixiautdkg r5 : 5x=> (L)

•

Jkv r=,#—M— 0 mftir ixiautdkg r=: MQADD vmbui. ‑

•

Xldbi pmssdgh MQADD dgsdci akcis kr 5xM ds hkkc

Sli tixt mftir 0 ds akgsdciric ms akjjigts wldal ckisg—t iffiat tli ixiautdkg wldal libps tli usir tk ugcirstmgc tli akci dg nitti nittirr wmy wmy.

9/>>/>5=<


6

I]Y •

•

Dt ds usic tk cifdgi tli akgstmgts mgc tliy amg ni usic dgsdci tli prkhrmj. Ixmj Ixmjpb pbi i ? ìd idbb

9/>>/>5=<


8

CAN, CAC •

Akgstmgts mri stkric dg tli bdtirmb pkkb ‑

Bdtirmb pkkb jimgs m pkrtdkg kf jijkry ijniccic dg tli akci tk lkbc akgstmgt vmbuis

‑

igc •

CAN ‑ cifdgi akgstmgt nyti tk stkri almrmatirs

•

CAC- cifdgi akgstmgt cmtm dg ndgmry fkrjmt

•

Ixmjpbi

9/>>/>5=<


<

Ysi kf Quffdxis •

Dg mssi mssij jnbi birr fkr M^J prka prkais issk skrrs, dg dgsstru truat atdk dkg gs amg ni fkb kbbk bkw wic ny suf suffdx fdxis. is.

•

Dg Akrtix J1 tli akgcdtdkgmb ixiautdkg suffdxis

•

Sli Sli suf suffdx fdxis mri mri ‑

‑

Q ‑ Ypcm Ypcmtti Mppb Mppbda dam mtdk dkg g Urkh Urkhrrmj Qt Qtm mtus îhds hdstir (MUQ^ MUQ^)) ix? MCCQ ^5, ^=0 upcmtis MUQ^ I], GI, BS , HS ‑ akgcdtdkgmb ixiautdkg •

9/>>/>5=<

ix? NI] 2Bmni Bmnibb7 0 Nrmg Nrmgaal df iqumb. umb. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

4

Qdjpbi Mccdtdkg Urkhrmj •

=5+4+<+8+6+9+3+1+>+=+5

•

=+>+1+3+9+6+8+<+4+=5

9/>>/>5=<


=5

Ygdfdic Mssijnbir Bmghumhi (YMB) •

Fkr imsy pkrtdgh nitwiig tli tlujn mgc M^J akci tli YMB jmci m akjjkg sygtmx ‑

‑

•

Srmcdtdkgmb Slujn dgstruatdkg ? MCC ^5, ^= 0 YMB sygtmx ? MCC ^5, ^=, ^=0 ^5 : ^5+^=

Slujn sygtmx amg ni usic, dg mssijnby cdriatdvi tk jmì cdffirigtdmti nitwiig tli tlujn mgc YMB sygtmx mri jigtdkgic. ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

AKCI =6 ‑ trmcdtdkgmb Slujn SLYJN ‑ YMB sygtmx Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

==

Akgtd. •

•

Civibkpir slkubc ni amrifub wldbi usdgh Srmcdtdkgmb tlujn ms skji upcmtis MUQ^ Xliri ms dg YMB sygtmx df Q ds usic tlig kgby dt ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

MGC ^5, ^=

0 Srmcdtdkgmb Slujn sygtmx

MGCQ ^5, ^5, ^= 0 Iqudvmbigt YMB sygtmx (Q suffdx ds mccic)


=>

Qkji dgstruatdkg amg ckgi dg SLYJN mgc SLYJN-> •

Sli .X (wdci) suffdx spiadfdis m 1> 1>-n -ndt dt dg dgst stru ruatd atdkg kg.. Df gk suffdx ds hdvig, tli mssijnbir tkkb amg alkksi idtlir dgstruatdkg nut usumbby cifmubts tk =6-ndt Slujn akci tk hit m sjmbbir sdzi ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

MCCQ ^5, #= 0 Ysi =6- dt S uj dgstruatdkg y cifmubt 0 fkr sjmbbir sdzi MCCQ.G ^5, #= 0 Ysi =6-ndt Slujn dgstruatdkg (G:Gmrrkw) MCCQ.X ^5, #= 0 Ysi 1>-ndt Slujn-> dgstruatdkg (X:wdci)


=1

Akgtd. •

Dg A akjpbdirs wdbb usi =6 ndt dgstruatdkgs df cmtm sdzi ds biss mgc swdtalis tk tlujn> df ixaiics

•

^5 ‑ ^8 amg ni maaissic ny tlujn

•

Bkamtdkg fkr tlujn > mgc tlujn ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

5x=555 ? BC^ r5,Pr=Z 0m =6-ndt dgstruatdkgs (kaaupy 5x=555-5x=55=) 5x=55> ? ^NDS. ^NDS.X r5 0m 1>-ndt 1>-nd t Slujn-> Slujn- > dgstruatdkg dgstruat dkg (kaaup (ka aupy0 y0 5x=55>5x=55>-5x= 5x=559 559)) ‑ 3 nytis nytis Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

=3

Dgstruatdkg Bdst •

=6 Ndt Cmtm Urkaissdgh Dgstruatdkg Dgstruatdkg

•

MCCDSDKG ‑

MCA

‑

‑

•

MC^

Akjpmri ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

AJU AJG- akjpmri gihmtdvi gihmtdvi akjpmri akjpmri kgi cmtm cmtm wdtl twk—s twk—s akjpbijigt akjpbijigt kf mgktlir cmtm mgc upcmti fbmhs Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

=9

Dgstruatdkgs •

•

•

MGC NDA pirfkrjs mg MGC kpirmtdkg kg tli ndts dg ^g wdtl tli akjpbijigts kf tli . AUT ‑ akpy dgstruatdkg smji ms jkv d.i cmtm trmg trmgssfir ni nitw twii iig g twk twk rihds ihdsttir

•

JVG ‑ pirfkrj gkt kpirmtdkg

•

GIH GI H- >—s >—s akjpb kjpbdj djig igtt

9/>>/>5=<


=6

=6 Ndt Ndt Cmtm Cmtm Urkaissd Urkaissdgh gh Dgst Dgstruatd ruatdkg kg

9/>>/>5=<


=8

Nrmgal Dgstruatdkg • • •

•

• • • • •

N Nrmgal N2akgc7 Akgcdtdkgmb nrmgal NB Nrmgal wdtl bdg`0 ambb m sunrkutdgi mgc stkri tli riturg mccriss mccriss dg B^ (tlds ds matumbby trmcdtdkgmb M^J prkaisskrs) NB\ Nrmgal wdtl bdg` mgc almghi stmti (NB\ 2rih7 kgby) N\ 2rih7 Nrmgal wdtl ixalmghi stmti AN_ Akjpmri mgc nrmgal df zirk (mraldtiaturi v8) ANG_ Akjpmri mgc nrmgal df gkgzirk (mraldtiaturi v8) DS DF-SLIG DF-SLIG (mra (mraldti ldtiatur aturi i v8) ‑ dg gixt gixt sbdcis sbdcis wdbb sii sii tlds tlds

9/>>/>5=<


=<

AN_ MGC ANG_ •

•

•

Sli nrmgal cistdgmtdkg just ni wdtldg 3 tk =15 nytis mftir tli dgstruatdkg mgc dg tli smji ixiautdkg stmti. Slisi dgstruatdkgs just gkt ni usic dgsdci mg DS nbka`. Akgcdtdkg fbmhs ‑

•

S isi gs gstruat kgs k gkt a mghi t i mhs.

Mraldtiaturis ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Slisi =6-ndt Slujn dgstruatdkgs mri mvmdbmnbi dg M^Jv6S> mgc mnkvi. Sliri mri gk M^J kr 1>-ndt Slujn virsdkgs kf tlisi dgstruatdkgs.


=4

AN_ •

Qmji ms ‑

AJU ^5, #5

‑

NI] BMNIB

9/>>/>5=<


>5

9/>>/>5=<


>=

=6 NDS BKMC MGC QSKÎ DGQS^YASDKG • • • •

•

BC^ Bkmc wkrc frkj jijkry tk rihdstir BC^L Bkmc lmbf wkrc frkj jijkry tk rihdstir BC^N Bkmc nyti frkj jijkry tk rihdstir BC^QL Bkmc lmbf wkrc frkj jijkry, sdhg ixtigc dt, mgc put dt dg rihdstir BC^QN Bkmc nyti frkj jijkry, sdhg ixtigc dt, mgc put dt dg rihdstir

• • • • • • •

QS^L Qtkri lmbf wkrc frkj rihdstir tk jijkry QS^N Qtkri nyti frkj rihdstir tk jijkry (Kgby BQN) BCJ/BCJDM Bkmc jubtdpbi/Bkmc jubtdpbi dgarijigt mftir QSJ/QSJDM Qtkri jubtdpbi/Qtkri jubtdpbi dgarijigt mftir UYQL UYQL Uusl Uusl jubtdp jubtdpbi bi rihds rihdsti tirs rs UKU Ukp Ukp jubtdp jubtdpbi bi rihd rihdst stir irss

9/>>/>5=<


>>

Ktlir =6 ndt Dgstruatdkg • • • • •

QVA Qupirvdskr ambb QIV Qigc ivigt XFI Qbiip mgc wmdt fkr ivigt XFD Qbiip mgc wmdt fkr dgtirrupt N@US ‑

• •

GKU Gk kpirmtdkg kpirmtdkg AUQDI ‑

•

Nrim`pkdgt0 df df cinuh ds igmnbic, dt wdbb igtir cinuh jkci(lmbtic), kr df cinuh jkg kr ixaip kg s igm i , w gvk i i i uh ixaip kg0 k irw si, wdbb dgvkì m fmubt ixaiptdkg

Igmnbi U^DJMQ@ (AUQDI d)/FMYB d)/FMYBSJMQ@ SJMQ@ (AUQDI f ) rihdstir (sit tli rihdstir tk 5)

AUQDC ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Cdsmnbi U^DJMQ@ (AUQDC d)/ FMYB FMYBSJMQ@ SJMQ@ (AUQDC f ) rihdstir (sit tli rihdstir tk=)


>1

1> ndt Cmtm Cmtm prkai prkaissd ssdgh gh • •

UCF kg Cis`tkp Y\SN Y\SN ‑ ugsdhg ugsdhgic ic i ixt xtigc igc nyti nyti ‑

• •

Y\SL ‑ ugsdhgic ugsdhgic ixtigc ixtigc lmbf wkrc wkrc YNF\ YNF\ - Qdhgic Qdhgic mgc Ygsdhg Ygsdhgic ic Ndt Fdibc Ixtr Ixtrmat. mat. ‑

• • •

N- nyti nyti fkr =6 ndt ndt

Akpdis Akpd is m omai omaigt gt dts dts rkj rkj kgi kgi rihd rihdst stir ir dgtk dgtk t i imst imst sdhgd sdhgd damg damgtt dts dts k m siakgc rihdstir, mgc sdhg ixtigcs kr zirk ixtigcs tk 1> ndts.

YNF\/QNF\{akgc} YNF\/QNF\{akgc} ^c, ^g, #bsn, #wdctl YQMS YQMS ‑ smturm smturmtis tis tk dg rmghi rmghi kf ugsdhgic ugsdhgic gujnir gujnir BCÎ\ ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Df tli plysdamb mccriss lms tli Qlmric SBN mttrdnuti, mttrdnuti, BCÎ\ tmhs tli plysdamb mccriss ms ixabusdvi maaiss fkr tli aurrigt prkaisskr, mgc abimrs mgy ixabusdvi maaiss tmh fkr tlds prkaisskr fkr mgy ktlir plysdamb mccriss.


>3

Ygsuppkrtic Slujn Dgstruatdkgs •

Ygsu Ygsupp ppkr krti tic c dg dgsstrua truatd tdkg kgss mri mri ‑

‑

‑

•

Akpr Ak prka kais issk skrr mri mri gkt gkt supp suppkr krti tic c Sli twk dgstruatdkgs tlmt akrtix J1 ckisg—t , Ygsu Ygsupp ppkr krti tic c Al Almg mghi hi Urka Urkaiss iss Qt Qtmt mti i Dgst Dgstru ruat atdk dkg g

Df tlisi mri dgvkìc m usmhi fmubt ixaiptdkgs wdbb wd bb higi higirrmti. mti.

9/>>/>5=<


>9

Ygsuppkrtic Slujn Dgstruatdkgs •

NB\ NB\ bmni bmnibb ‑

•

Slds ds nrmgal wdtl bdg` mgc ixalmghi stmti. Dg m fkrjmt wdtl djjicdmti cmtm, NB\ mbwmys almghis tk M^J stmti. Niamusi tli Akrtix-J1 ckis gkt suppkrt tli M^J stmti, dgstruatdkgs bdì tlds kgi tlmt mttijpt tk swdtal tk tli usmhi fmub fmubt. t. M^J stmti wdbb dbb risubt dg m fmub mubt ixaiptdkg ambb mbbic usmhi

QISIGC ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Slds Slujn dgstruatdkg, dgtrkcuaic dg mraldtiaturi v6, swdtalis tli igcdmg akgfdhurmtdkg curdgh rug tdji. Qdgai tli tli Ak Akrt rti ix-J1 x-J1 ckis ckis gkt gkt sup suppkrt pkrt cygm cygmjd jdaa ig igcd cdmg mg,, usdg usdgh h tli tli QIS QI SIG IGC C dg dgsstru truat atdk dkg g wdbb dbb risub isubtt dg m fmubt mubt ixai aip ptdkg tdkg..


>6

Ygsuppkrtic Ygsuppkrtic Ak-Urkaisskr • • • •

• •

•

JA^ Jkvi kvi tk akpr kprka kai isskr sskr frkj frkj M^J M^J prka kai isskr sskr JA^> A^> Jkvi kvi tk akpr kprka kai isskr sskr frkj frkj M^J M^J prka prkais issk skrr JA^^ Jkvi tk akpr kprkaissk sskr frkj twk M^J rihdst dstir JÂ Jkvi tk M^J M^J rihds ihdsttir frkj frkj akpr kprka kai isskr sskr J^Â ^Â Jkvi kvi tk twk M^J M^J rihds ihdsttirs frkj frkj akpr kprka kai isskr sskr BCA Bkmc akprkaisskr0 bkmc jijkry cmtm frkj m siquigai kf akgsiautdvi jijkry mccrissis tk m akprkaisskr QSA Qtkri kri akpr kprkaisskr0 stkri kris cmtm frkj m akprkaisskr tk m siqu siqui iga gai i kf akgsi kgsiau auttdv dvi i ji jijk jkry ry mccr ccrissi ssis

9/>>/>5=<


>8

Ygsuppkrtic Almghi Urkaiss Qtmti Dgstruatdkgs •

•

AUQ2DI|DC7.X M Sliri ds gk M ndt dg tli AkrtixJ1 AUQ.X #jkci Sliri ds gk jkci ndt dg tli AkrtixJ1 UQ^ ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

M- mnkrt D- dg dgti tirr rrup uptt S- Slujn Slujn stmt stmti i A?RYsirsRMjkhlmRCis`tkpRUrkhrmj+Qtmtus+îhdstirs .oph Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

><

Ygsuppkrtic Ldgt Dgstruatdkgs •

Ysic dg tli pbmai kf nibkw dgstruatdkg ‑

GKU GKU, XFI, XFI, XFD, XFD, TDIB TDIBC C, QI QIVV-si sitt ivig igtt

•

CNH M ldgt dgstruatdkg tk cinuh mgc trmai systij

•

UBD Uribkmc dgstruatdkg0 gk amali kg akrtix J1

•

TDIBC ‑

9/>>/>5=<

M ldgt dgstruatdkg tk mbbkw jubtdtlrimcdgh skftwmri tk dgcdamti tk lmrcwmri tlmt dt ds ckdgh m tms` tlmt amg ni swmp swmppi pic c kut kut tk dj djpr prkv kvi i kvir kvirmb mbbb systi ystij j pi pirf rfkr krjm jmga gai. i. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

>4

Dgstruatdkg Dgstruatdkg Cisardptdkgs •

Jkvdgh Cmtm ‑

Jkvdgh cmtm nitwiig rihdstir mgc rihdstir

‑

Jkvdgh cmtm nitwiig jijkry mgc rihdstir

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Jkvdgh mg djjicdmti cmtm vmbui dgtk m rihdstir rihdstir


15

Jkvdgh cmtm nitwiig rihdstir •

Sli dgstruatdkg usic ds JKV ‑

•

JKV ^9,^1 0 ^1 akgtigts mri jkvic tk ^9

Df giic tk higirmti gihmtdvi vmbui kf krdhdgmb

9/>>/>5=<


1=

Jkvdgh mg Djjicdmti cmtm Vmbui tk îhdstir •

Sli dgstruatdkg usic ds JKV

•

JKV ^5,#5x=>1 ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Djpkrtmgt tldgh ds tli djjicdmti vmbui slkubc ni


1>

BKMC / QS QSKÎ KÎ dgstruatdkg dgstruatdkg •

Bkmc frkj jijkry tk rihdstir

•

QSKÎQS KÎ- rihds rihdstir tir tk tk Jijkry Jijkry

9/>>/>5=<


11

Uri mgc pkst Dgcixdgh kf jijkry

9/>>/>5=<


13

Jkvdgh cmtm nitwiig jijkry mgc rihdstir •

Sli dgstruatdkg usic fkr pirfkrjdgh tlds mri BKMC mgc QSKÎ ‑

BKMC (B (BC^ C^))

‑

•

Sli trmgsfir kf cmtm ds kf cdffirigt cmtm sdzi ‑

•

Nyti, lmbf wkrc, wkrc ita

Jubtdpbi cmtm mri akjndgic stkr stkric/ ic/maa maaiss issic ic frkj frkj jij jijkry kry

9/>>/>5=<


mgc

19

Jkvi kf spiadmb rihdstir tk rihdstir •

JQ^ ‑

•

JKV xUQ^,^5

J^Q ‑

9/>>/>5=<

JKV ^5,MUQ^


16

Urkaissdgh CMSM •

Sliri mri jmgy cmtm prkaissdgh kpirmtdkgs dg akrtix J1, amg lmvi jubtdpbi dgstruatdkg fkrjmts rihdstirs kr nitwiig kgi rihdstir mgc mg djji dj jicd cdmt mti i cmt cmtm vmbui mbui ‑

MCC ^5, ^5, ^= 0 ^5 : ^5 + ^=

‑

MCCQ ^5, ^5, #5x=> 0 ^5 : ^5 + 5x=>

‑

MCC.X MCC.X ^5, ^=, ^> 0 ^5 : ^= + ^>

9/>>/>5=<


18

Srmcdtdkgmb Slujn mgc Slujn> Slujn> •

Sli kgby cdffirigai nitwiig tlij mri ‑

Srmcdt mcdtdk dkgm gmbb tluj tlujn n dg dgst stru ruat atdk dkg g upcm upcmti tiss fbmh fbmh wd wdtl tlku kutt spia spiadf dfyd ydgh gh ny usir sir

‑

dgsstrua dg truatd tdkg kgss amg amg upcm upcmti ti fbmh fbmhs. s.

9/>>/>5=<


1<

Dgstruatdkg

Kpirmtdkg

MCC ^C ^ C, ^G,^J 0 ^C:^G+^J

Uirfkrj mc m ccdtdkg

MCC ^c, #d #djjic 0 ^c : ^c + #djjic MCC MCC ^c, ^g, # djj jjic ic 0 ^c : ^g + #djj #djjic ic MCA ^c, ^g, ^j MCA ^c, ^c, ^j

,

0 ^c : ^g + ^j + amrry 0 ^c : ^c + ^j + amrry

Mccdtdkg wdtl amrry

,

-

#djjic Qmji fkr suntrmatdkg suntrmatdkg djjicdmti, djjicdmti, suntrmat suntrmat wdtl nmrrkw QYN, QNA, QYN ^c, ^g ^g, ^j ^j 0 ^c: ^g ^g -^ -^j

Quntrmat

^QN.X ^c, ^g, ^j

îvirsi Quntrmat

0 ^c : ^j ‑ ^g

JYB ^c, ^g ^g, ^j ^j 0 ^c : ^g ^g*^j YCDV ^c, ^g ^g, ^j ^j 9/>>/>5=<

Jubtdpby Cdvdsdkg fkr ugsdhgic cdvdsdkg QCDV -s -sdhgic


14

Ktlir dgstruatdkg •

Jubtd Jubtdpbd pbdam amtdk tdkg g ‑ sdhgic sdhgic mgc ugsdhg ugsdhgic ic

•

Bkhda Bkhda kpir kpirmt mtdkg dkg ‑ ‑

•

MGC, K^^^, IK^(I\-K^), NDA(Ndt abimr)

Qldft mgc rktmti ‑

Bkhdamb Qldft Bift

‑

Bkhdamb Qldft ^dhlt

‑

^ktmti ^dhlt

‑

Mrdtljitda Qldft ^dhlt (MQ^)

9/>>/>5=<


35

Qldft mgc ^ktmti

9/>>/>5=<


3=

•

•

•

•

•

MQ^ Dt akpdis tli sdhg ndt dgtk vmamtic ndt pksdtdkgs kg tli tli bi bift ft.. BQB prkvdcis tli vmbui kf m rihdstir jubtdpbdic ny m pkwir kf twk. BQ^ prkvdcis tli ugsdhgic vmbui kf m rihdstir cdvdcic ny m vmrdmnbi pkwir kf twk. Nktl dgstruatdkgs dgsirt zirks dg dgttk tli vmam mamtic ndt pksd pksdtd tdkg kgs. s. ^K^ prkvdcis tli vmbui kf tli akgtigts kf m rihdstir . rdhlt igc mri dgsirtic dgtk tli vmamtic ndt pksdtdkgs kg tli tli bi bift ft.. ^^\ prkvdcis tli vmbui kf tli akgtigts kf m rihdstir sldftic rdhlt kgi ndt. Sli kbc amrry fbmh ds sldftic dgtk ndtP1=Z. Df tli Q suffdx ds prisigt, tli kbc ndtP5Z ds pbmaic dg tli amrry fbmh.

9/>>/>5=<


3>

Bkhdamb Kpirmtdkgs •

MGC hmti ‑ ‑

•

K^ hmti ‑ ‑

•

K^^ ^c ^g ^c : ^c ^ g K^^.X ^c, ^g, ^j 0 ^c : ^g | ^c

Ndt Ndt abi abimr mr mgc mgc Ixkr Ixkr hmti hmti ‑ ‑

•

MGC ^c, ^g 0 ^c : ^c & ^ g MGC.X ^c, ^g, ^j 0 ^c : ^g & ^c fkr 1> ndt

N D A ^ c, ^ g IK^ ^c, ^g

0 ^ c : ^ c & (~ ^ g ) 0 ^ c : ^ c W ^g

Ndt wdsi K^ mgc GKS ‑

9/>>/>5=<

K^G. K^G.X X ^c, ^c, ^g,# ^g,#dj djji jic c 0 ^c : ^g | (~ (~#d #djj jjic ic))


31

Sliri ds gk ^KSMSI BIFS •

•

Kgby m rktmti rdhlt ds prkvdcic Sli rktmti rdhlt amg ni kpirmtic ms bift df wi dgarimsi tli rktmtdkg vmbui.

9/>>/>5=<


33

Qdhg Ixtigc Dgstruatdkg Dgstruatdkg

Q\SN ^c, ^j 0 ^c : sdhgixt(^jP8?5Z)

,

9/>>/>5=<

Kpirmtdkg

Qdhg ixtigc nyti cmtm dgtk wkrc

:


39

îvirsi Kpirmtdkg

9/>>/>5=<


36

Ambb mgc Ygakgcdtdkgmb Nrmgal •

Ukssis tlrii stmtijigts ‑

Nrmgal wdtl bmnib ix? N bmnib

‑

Nrmgal tk spiadfdic mccriss? N\ ÎH

‑

9/>>/>5=<


38

Ciadsdkgs mgc Akgcdtdkgmb Nrmgalis Nrmgalis •

Fbmhs ‑

‑

‑

‑

•

G- Gi Gih hmtdv mtdvi i _- zirk irk A- amrry Slds fbmh ds fkr ugsdhgic cmtm prkaissdgh fkr ixmjp i, g m t s sit w ig mg kvir kw kaaurs0 dg suntrmat (QYN) dt ds sit wlig m nkrrkw cdc gkt kaaur (nkrrkw ds tli dgvirt kf amrry) V- Kvir fbkw

NI] bmnib kr NI].X bmnib0 nrmgal tk bmnib mccriss wlig zirk fbmh ds sit

9/>>/>5=<


3<

Qyjnkb

Akgcdtdkg

Fbmh

AQ/LQ

Amrry sit/ugsdhgic ldhlir kr smji

A ‑sit

AA/BK

Amrry abimr/ugsdhgic bkwir

A ‑ abimr

JD

Jdgus/gihmtdvi

G- sit

UB

Ubus/Uksdtdvi kr zirk

G-abimr

VQ

Kvirfbkw

V-sit

VA

Gk kvirfbkw

V-abimr

LD

Ygsdhgic ldhlir

A- sit mgc _ abimr

BQ

Ygsdhgic Bkwir kr smji

A-abimr kr _ sit

hgi hr hrim ir ir

mg kr iqum

s i mg :: V)

si , kr

a imr mg

a imr

BS

Qdhgic Bis tlmg

G sit mgc V abimr, kr G abimr mgc V sit (G !: V)

HS

Qdhgic Hrimtir tlmg

_ abimr, mgc idtlir G sit mgc V sit, kr G abimr mgc V abimr (_ :: 5, G :: V)

BI

Qdhgic Biss tlmg kr iqumb

_ sit, kr G sit mgc V abimr, kr G abimr mgc V sit (_ :: = kr G !: V)

MB/ Mbwmys( Mbwmys( Yg-akgcdtdkgmb), Yg-akgcdtdkgmb), iqumb mgc gkt 9 / > > / > 5 = < Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH I]/GI iqumb

34

SQS •

SIQS dgstruatdkg ds smji ms MGC, dt pirfkrjs MGC, upcmtis fbmhs nut ckisg—t stkri risubts. ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

SQS ^5, ^= 0 Ambaubmti ^5 MGC ^= mgc upcmti SQS ^5, #5x=> 0 Ambaubmti ^5 MGC 5x=> mgc upcmti fbmh


95

Qygt Qy gtmx mx fkr DS (S^YI(S^YI- SLIG-IBQ SLIG-IBQI) I) •

•

•

•

•

DS2x72y72z7 2akgc70 2akgc70 DS dgstruatdkg dgstruatdkg (2x7, 2y7, 0 2z7 amg ni S kr I) dgstr=2akgc7 dgstr=2akgc7 2kpirmgcs7 2kpirmgcs7 DS) 2 2!akgc7

72

0 = dgstruatdkg (2akgc7 0 just ni smji ms

7

2

7

dgstr12akgc dgstr12akgc kr gkt akgc7 2kpirmgcs7 0 1 dgstruatdkg (amg ni 02akgc7 kr 2!akgc7 dgstr32a dgstr32akgc kgc kr gkt akgc7 akgc7 2kpirmg 2kpirmgcs7 cs7 0 3dgst 3dgstruatd ruatdkg kg (amg (amg ni 0 2akgc7 2akgc7 kr 2!akgc7

9/>>/>5=<


9=

Urkhrmj Urkhrmj kg DS DS •

•

Biss tlmg 3 dgstruatdkgs mri ixiautic mgc jdgdjuj ds =. Sli gujnir kf dgstruat atddkgs slkubc ni jmdgtmdgic ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Qdghbi DS ‑ ixaiptdkg mri stkric dg UQ^ mgc pkp wlig ixai aipt ptdk dkg g ds sirv sirvic ic Jubtdpbi dgstruatdkgs ( jubtdpbi bkmc mgc stkri) tli wlkb wlkbi i dg dgsstrua truattdk dkgs gs mri mri mnmg mnmgck ckg gic mgc mgc ristmrt mrtic( =st DS dgst dg stru ruat atdk dkg) g) mfti mftirr dg dgti tirr rrup uptt prka prkais isss ds ak akjp jpbi biti tic. c. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

9>

Jijkry Nmrrdir •

•

Mvkdcs kaaurrdgh kf rmai akgcdtdkgs curdgh jijk ji jkry ry irr irrkrs. krs. Xligivir tli jijkry jdssis dg amali privdkus akgtrkbbir wdbb wmdt tdbb tli jijkry akrriats nut gkw df tli risubt kf prisigt bdgi ds gkt cipigcigt kg gixt dgstruatdkg tlig tli M^J wdbb prkaiic fkr ixia iaut utdg dgh h tli tli gixt bdg bdgi ‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Ix? BC^ r5, Pr=Z df irrkr kaaurs dg bkmc QS^ r>,Pr9Z liri stkri dsg't cipigcdgh kg bkmc ligai mrj mrj ixia iaut uti is tli smj smji. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

91

îhdstirs îhdstirs fkr Jijkry Nmrrdir Nmrrdir •

•

•

CJN Cmtm jijkry nmrrdir0 igsuris tlmt mbb jijkry maaissis mri akjpbitic nifkri giw jijk ji jkry ry maai maaiss ss ds akjjd kjjdtttic CQN Cmtm sygal alrrkgdzm dzmtd tdk kg nmrrdir0 igsuris tlm tlmt mbb jijkry maaissis mri akjpbitic nifkri gixt dgst dg stru ruat atdk dkg g ds ixia iaut utic ic DQN Dgstruatdkg sygalrkgdzmtdkg nmrrdir0 fbuslis tli pdpibdgi mgc igsuris tlmt mbb privdkus dgstruatdkgs mri akjpbitic nifkri ixiautd tdg gh giw dgstruatdkgs

9/>>/>5=<


93

Qmturmtdkg Qmturmtdkg Kpirmtdkgs

9/>>/>5=<


99

•

QQMS.X 2^c7, #2djjic7, 2^g7, {,2sldft7} Qmturmtdkg fkr sdhgic vmbui

•

YQMS.X 2^c7, #2djjic7, 2^g7, {,2sldft7} Qmturmtdkg fkr fkr m sdhgic sd hgic vmbui dgtk mg ugsdhgic vmbui ‑

‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

g? gpu vm ui Qldft? Qldft kpirmtdkg fkr dgput vmbui nifkri smturmtdkg0 kptdkgmb, amg ni #BQB G kr #MQ^ G Djjic? Ndt pksdtdkg wliri tli smturmtdkg ds amrrdic kut ^c? Cistdgmtdkg rihdstir Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

96

Ygsdhgic Qmturmtdkg Kpirmtdkg

9/>>/>5=<


98

Cdvdsdkg •

QCDV ‑

•

QCDV{akgc } {^c }, }, ^g, ^j

YCDV ‑

9/>>/>5=<

S i risu t s ^ : ^g ^j. •

Akci

•

BC^ ^5,:155 0 Ciadjmb 155

•

JKV ^=,#9

•

YCDV.X ^>, ^5, ^=


9<

Cdvdci ny zirk zirk •

Tku amg sit up tli CDVNT_I^K ndt dg tli GVDA Akgfdhurmtdkg Akgtrkb îhdstir sk tlmt wlig m cdvdci ny zirk kaaurs, m fmubt ixaiptdkg (usmhi . , niakji 5 df m cdvdci ny zirk tmìs pbmai.

9/>>/>5=<


94

Smnbi Nrmgal Nyti •

Smnbi Nrmgal Nyti (SNN) mgc Smnbi Nrmgal Lmbfwkrc Lmbfwkrc (SNL) mri mri fkr fkr djpbijigtdgh djpbijigtdgh nrmgal nrmgal tmnbis. Sli sdzi kffsit, mgc SNL usis m nrmgal tmnbi kf lmbf wkrc kffsit. ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Qygtmx Qygtmx?? SNN.X SNN.X P^g, ^jZ


65

Ixmjpbi DF-SLIG-IBQI •

•

0

AJU ^5, ^= 0 Akjpmri ^5 mgc ^= DSSI HS 0 Df ^5 7 ^= Slig 0 df trui, fdrst > stmtijigts ixiauti, m si, si, kt ir = stmtij ijig igtt s ixia iaut uti i

•

JKVHS ^>, ^5 0

^> : ^5

•

JKVHS ^1, ^= 0

^1 : ^=

•

JKVBI ^>, ^5 0 Ibsi ^> : ^=

9/>>/>5=<


6=

Urkhrmj •

DS U^KH^MJ

•

DF AKGCDSDKG DQ S^YI ‑

•

Df Akgcdtdkg ds fmbsi ‑

•

Uirfkrj Slrii kpirmtdkgs Uirfkrj twk kpirmtdkgs

Akgcdtdkg ni bdì akjpmri ^= mgc ^>. ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Akgcdtdkg ds df (^= 2 ^>)


6>

Jijkry Qystij Qystij Fimturis •

Fimturis ‑

‑

‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Uricifdgic jijkry jmp fkr nus dgtirfmai tlisi mri igmnb mnbic wlig jijkry bkamtdk tdkg ds maa aais isssic Slds fimturi mbbkw tli pkrtdgh nitwiig tli prkaisskr mgc dt ds jmci imsy Ndt nmgc maaiss ‑ imal ndts amg ni mccrissic usdgh ndtnd t-nm nmgc gc ixmjp ixmjpbi bi 5x>5 5x>555 5555 5553 53 Ygmb Ygmbdh dhgi gic c trmg trmgsf sfir irss kf cmt cmtm Quppkrts nktl bdttbi igcdmg mgc ndh igcdmg jijkry jij kry akgfdh akgfdhur urmtd mtdkg kg Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

61

Jijkry Jmps •

AK^SI\ J1 lms tli fdxic jijkry jmp wldal jm` jmìs skft ftw wmri pkr pkrtd tdg gh tk mgktl gktlir ir prkc prkcua uatt ‑

Qystij pirdplirmbs (GVDA, JUY) lmvi smji amg amg cd cdfffirig irigtd tdmt mti i wd wdtl tl ktli ktlirrs.

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Qkji jijkry bkamtdkgs mri risirvic tk prdvmti pirdplirmbs sual ms cinuhhdgh akjpkgigts. Urdv dvm mti pirdplirmb jijkry rihdkg lkbcs tlds


63

9/>>/>5=<


69

Urdvmti pirdplirmb akjpkgigts •

•

•

Fital pmtal mgc nrim` pkdgt ugdt (FUN) Cmtm wmtal-pkdgt mgc trmai ugdt (CXS) Dgstru Dgstrujig jigtm tmtdk tdkg g Srmai Jmar Jmarkai kaibb bb (DSJ) (DSJ)

•

•

•

Srmai Ukrt Dgtirfmai Ygdt (SUDY) ^KJ tmnbi mnbi ‑ ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Qlkws tli jdgdjuj sdzi kf ^KJ riqudric tk akgtmdg tli djmhi (ixt. cmtm vdcik, mucdk, djmhi). Slds ckis gkt dgabuci _D cmtm mgc cinuh dgfkrjmtdkg wldal ds gkt stkric dg tli ^KJ. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

66

MCCÎQQ QUMAI •

3HN kf mccriss spmai

•

Urkhrmj akci amg ni pbmaic dg

•

‑

Akci Ak ci rihdk ihdkg g

‑

Qtmt a ^mg kj Maaiss Jijkry rih kg

‑

Ixti Ixtirg rgmb mb ^MJ ^MJ rihdk ihdkg g

Urifirmnby tli akcis mri pbmaic dg akci rihdkgs ms cmtm fitaldgh amg lmppig sdj djub ubttmgik mgikus usby by kg twk twk sipmr pmrmti nus nus.

9/>>/>5=<


68

Q^MJ Jijkry rmghi •

•

Q^MJ jijkry rmghi ds fkr akggiatdgh ystij dgt dgtirf irfmai mai nus nus ds usic usic fkr dgt dgtirf irfmai mai. dgti dg tirg rgmb mb Q^MJ Q^MJ,, syst 1> JN ds cifdgic ms m ndt nmgc mbdms. ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

M 1>-ndt-nmgc mbdms jijkr rmg i imal wkrc mccriss riprisigts m sdghbi ndt dg tli =-JN ndtnmgc nmgc rihdk ihdkg g Fkr mbtirdgh tli ndt nmgc mbdms wi amg usi mtkjda ÎMC-JKCDFT-X^DSI. Ndt nmgc mbdms jijkry maaiss wkr`s kgby fkr cmtm gkt gkt fkr dg dgsstrua truatd tdkg kg fit ital alis is.. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

6<

Kg aldp pirdplirmbs •

5.9 HN nbka` kf mccriss rmghi ds mbbkamtic tk kg-ald kg-aldp p pirdpl pirdplir irmbs mbs.. s

•

s m sk suppkr s

mg

m ms

kr

jkcdfydgh •

Dgstruatdkg ixiautdkg ds gkt mbbkwic dg tlds rihdkg.

9/>>/>5=<


64

Ixtirgmb ^MJ •

•

•

Swk sbkts kf =-HN jijkry spmai mri mbbkamtic fkr ixtirgmb ^MJ mgc ixtirgmb civdais. Gkrjmbby prkhrmj wkg—t ixiauti dg jijkry . Df riqudric dg ixtirgmb ^MJ ds mttmalic

9/>>/>5=<


85

MJNM nus •

•

5.9 HN mt bmst ds risirvic fkr systij bivib akjpkgigts , dgtirgmb pirdplirmb nusis, ixti xtirgmb pirdplirmb nus, mgc vigckr-spiadfda systij pirdplirmbs. Urdvmti pirdplirmb nus ‑ twk sihjigts ‑

‑

Mcvmgaic ldhl Uirfkrjmgai Nus (MLN)- fkr AkrtixJ1 dg dgttirgm irgmbb MLN MLN pi pird rdp pli lirrmbs mbs kgby kgby bd` bdì GA GADV DV.. Mcvmgai Uirdplirmb NYQ (MUN)- fkr dgtirgmb MUN mgc ixtirgmb ixtirgmb pirdplir pirdplirmbs. mbs. •

9/>>/>5=<

M prkvdsdkg ds prkvdcic dg AK^SI\ SI\ J1 mcc mccdtdkgmb kg aldp MUN wlda wldal l ds prkv prkvdc dcic ic dg prdv prdvmt mti i pi pird rdpl plir irmb mb nus nus vdm vdm MUN MUN dg dgti tirf rfma mai. i. Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

8=

Qystij bivib •

Sli GVDA ds bkamtic dg m jijkry rihdkg ambbic tli systij akgtrkb spmai (Q (QA AQ) ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Mccdtdkgmb dgtirrupt akgtrkb fimturis, tlds rihdkg , JUY JUY, mgc mgc akci kci cin inu uhhdg hhdgh h ak akg gtrkb trkb..


8>

•

]uistdkg pmpir cdsaussdkg

9/>>/>5=<


81

Tistircmy •

•

Iviry pirdplirmb ds risirvic ny mccriss mgc dt ds maai maaiss ssdn dnbi bi Ndt nmgc kpirmtdkg ‑ fkr rimc wrdti kpirmtdkg

9/>>/>5=<


83

Jijkry Maaiss Mttrdnutis •

Sli AK^SI\ J1 jijkry mttrdnutis (Jitlkc) mri ‑

Nuffirmnbi? •

‑

Amalimnbi? •

‑

Urkaisskr amg ixiauti akci frkj tlds jijkry rihdkg

Qlmrmnbi •

9/>>/>5=<

Cmtm kntmdgic frkj jijkry rimc amg ni akpdic tk m jijkry amali sk tlmt gixt tdji dt ds maaissic tli vmbui amg ni kntmdgic frkj tli amali tk spiic up tli prkhrmj ixiautdkg

Ixiautmnbi •

‑

Xrdti tk jijkry amg ni amrrdic kut ny m wrdti nuffir wldbi tli prkaisskr akgtdguis kg gixt dgstruatdkg ixiautdkg. Ixmjpbi ? YM^S

Cmtm dg tlds jijkry rihdkg akubc ni slmric ny jubtdpbi nus jmstirs Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

89

Jijkry rihdkgs kf mttrdnutis •

(5x555555 55555 55 tk 5x=FFF 5x=FFFFFF FFFF) F) Akci Jijkry jkry rihd ihdkg (5x555 ‑

îhdk ihdkg g ds ixia iaut utmn mnbi bi

‑

Amali ds wrdti tlrkuhl d.i. amg lmvi cmtm dg tlds

‑

Cmtm ds trm trmgsfirric usdg sdgh tli cmtm nus dg dgttirf irfmai mai

‑

Xrdti rdti trmg trmgsf sfir irss ds nuff nuffir irmn mnbi bi

9/>>/>5=<


86

AKGSD. •

Q^MJ jijkry rihdkg (5x>5555555‑5x1FFFFFFF) ‑

‑

‑

•

Uirdplirmb îhdkg (5x35555555‑5x9FFFFFFF) ‑

‑

•

Jimgt fkr kg-aldp ^MJ Ixiautdgh Ixiautdgh tli akci akci ds fimsdnbi. Xrdti Xrdti trmgsfir trmgsfir mri nuffirmnbi. nuffirmnbi. isirvi k usi kg y y pir p irm s Amg—t ixiauti prkhrmj liri

Ixtirgmb ^MJ (5x65555555‑5x8FFFFFFF) ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Ysic fkr kg kr kff aldp jijkry Amg ixiauti tli prkhrmj dg tlds rihdkg Xrdti Xrdti cmtm cmtm mri nuffirm nuffirmnbi nbi Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

88

Akgtd. •

Ixtirgmb ^MJ (5x<5555555‑5x4FFFFFFF) (5x<5555555‑5x4FFFFFFF) ‑

‑

‑

•

•

îsirvic kgby fkr ixtirgmb civdais Jijkry ds ds gkg-nuff gkg-nuffir irmnbi mnbi tk maaiss maaiss Amg—t ixiauti ixiauti akci dg tlds rihdkg

Qmji fkr 5xA5555555‑5xCFFFFFFF Qystij îhdkg (5xI5555555‑5xFFFFFFFF) ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

îsirvic fkr tli usmhi kf prdvmti pirdplirmbs pirdplirmbs mgc vigckr spiadfda pirdplirmbs pirdplirmbs Fkr prdvmti pirdplirmbs maaiss mri gkg-nuffirmnbi Vigckr spiadfda spiadfda maaiss mri nuff nuffirmnbi irmnbi Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

8<

Cifmubt Jijkry Maaiss Uirjdssdkg •

Urivigts tli usir prkhrmjs tk maaiss skji bkamtdkgs wldal mri akgtrkbbic ny JUY Jijkry îhdkg

Mccriss

Maaiss dg Ysir Urkhrmj

Vig igc ckr Qp Qpiadfda

5xI5=55555‑5 5‑5xFFFFFFFF

Fubb ma maaiss

^KJ tmnbi

5xI55FF555‑5xI55FFFFF

Nbkaìc 0 df usir trdis tk maaiss m nus fmubt ds higirmtic

Ixtirgmb Ixtirgmb Urdvmti Urdvmti Uirdplirmb Nus

5xI5 5xI553 53>5 >555‑ 55‑5x 5xI5 I55F 5FIF IFFF FF

Nbka Nbka`ìc ic00 df df usir usir trd trdis is tk maai maaiss ss m nus nus fmubt ds higirmtic

ISJ (Ijniccic Srmai Jmarkaibb)

5xI5 5xI553 53=5 =555‑ 55‑5x 5xI5 I553 53=F =FFF FF

Nbka Nbka`ìc ic00 df df usir usir trd trdis is tk tk maai maaiss ss m nus nus fmubt ds higirmtic

9/>>/>5=<


84

SUDY Srmai Ukrt Dgtirfmai Ygdt

5xI5 5x I553 5355 555 55‑ 5‑5x 5xI5 I553 535 5FF FFF F

Nbka` Nbka ìc ic00 df us usir ir tr trdi diss tk maaiss m nus fmubt ds higirmtic

Dgtirgmb Uirdplirmb Uirdplirmb Urdvmti Nus

5xI5 5xI55 55F55 5F555‑ 5‑5x 5xI5 I551 51FF FFFF FF

Nbka Nbka`ìc ic00 df df usir usir trdis rdis tk maaiss m nus fmubt ds higirmtic

G VD A

5xI555I555‑5xI555IFFF

Nbkaìc0 df us usir trdis tk maaiss m nus fmubt ds higirmtic

FUN

5xI555>555‑5xI5551FFF

Nbkaìc0 df us usir trdis tk maaiss m nus fmubt ds higirmtic

CXS

5xI555=555‑5xI555=FFF

Nbkaìc

DSJ

5xI5555555‑5xI5555FFF

Nbkaìc

Ixtirgmb civdai

5xM5555555‑5xCFFFFFFF

Fubb Maaiss

Ixtirgmb ^MJ

5x65555555‑5x4FFFFFF

Fubb Maaiss

Uirdplirmb

5x35555555‑5x9FFFFFFF

Fubb Maaiss

Q^MJ

5x>5555555‑5x1FFFFFFF

Fubb Maaiss

A 9/k >>c />i5=<

5x5555C5ip5t5 . k5 f‑ IA5 Ix , O= DSF , CFVFHFFFF

Fubb Maaiss

<5

Yg-Mbdhgjigt Yg-Mbdhgjigt Nmsdas Urkhrmjjirs Urkhrmjjirs sii jijkry ms oust m rkw kf jijkry mrrmy

Urkaiss sii jijkry dg ugdkg kf ivig gujnirs 3,<,=6,1>

9/>>/>5=<


<=

Mbdhgic maaiss Akgsdcir rimcdgh m 3 Nyti kf cmtm

9/>>/>5=<

Cmtm slkubc ni mbdhgic tk 3,<,=6,1> fkrjmts , df gkt wi mri gkt hkdgh tk hit maaurmti fitaldgh


<>

Ygmbdhgic Cmtm maaiss

9/>>/>5=<


<1

YGMBDHGIC S^MGQFI^Q •

•

•

•

•

•

•

Quppkrts nktl ugmbdhgic mgc mbdhgic maaiss Srmcdtdkgmb M^J wiri suppkrtdgh kgby mbdhgic jijkry maaiss : < ndt Df 1> nd ndts ts ‑ 3 nyt nytis is kf ji jijk jkry ry =6=6- > nyt nytis <- = nyti ytis

9/>>/>5=<


<3

Ixmjpbi fkr ugmbdhgic cmtm Fkr fubb wkrc (1>)

Fkr lmbf wkrc (=6)

9/>>/>5=<


<9

Ixabusdvi Maaissis •

•

Dg AK^SI\ J1 wi ckg—t lmvi swmp kptdkg dgstimc kf dt wi pkssis ixabusdvi maaiss. Qwmppdgh wms gkrjmbby usic dg sijmplkris ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Qijm lkris mri usic tk mbbkamti slmric riskurais tk mppbda mppbdamtd mtdkgs kgs.. Qlmric skurai sirvi kgby kgi mppbdamtdkg mt m tdji d.i. ambbic ms Ju Jutu tumb mb Ixab Ixabus usdk dkg g (J (JYS YSI\ I\). ). Df tli riskurai ds nidgh bkaìc ny kgi prkaiss (tms`), dt amg—t sirvi mgktlir prkaiss ugtdb tli bka` ds rib ibim imsi sic c Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

<6

Akgtd. •

JYSI\ sijmplkri dg jijkry ds usic tk dgcdamti wlitlir tli riskurai ds bkaìc kr frii.

9/>>/>5=<


<8

Xkr`dgh

9/>>/>5=<


<<

Urkhrmjjdgh Urkhrmjjdgh dt •

Akrtix-J1 dgabuci BCÎ\ (wkrc), BCÎ\N (nyti), BCÎ\L (lmbf wkrc), QSÎ\ (wkrc), QSÎ\N (nyti), mgc QSÎ\L (lmbf wkrc ‑ vmbui

•

BCÎ\ 2^xf7, P^g, #kffsitZ

•

QSÎ\ 2^c7, 2^xf7,P^g, #kffsitZ

9/>>/>5=<


<4

Igcdmg jkci •

•

Akrtix Akrt ix J1 supp suppkr krts ts nktl nktl bdtt bdttbi bi igcdmg igcdmg mgc ndh ndh igcd ig cdmg mg jkci jkci Bdtttb Bd tbi i igcd gcdmg jkci ‑

m m:

k jijkry

‑

Cmtm 5x=>13968<

‑

Mccr Mccriss iss 5x35 5x3555 5555= 55=5 5 ‑ 8< 96 96 13 =>

9/>>/>5=<


45

Fdhuri

9/>>/>5=<


4=

Ndh Igcdmg ‑

Cmtm 5x=>13968<

‑

Mccr Mccriss iss 5x35 5x3555 5555= 55=5 5 ‑ => 13 13 96 8<

9/>>/>5=<


4>

Ndh Dgcdmg Jijkry Ixmjpbi

9/>>/>5=<


41

Akgtd. •

•

•

Sli igcdmg jkci ds sit wlig tli prkaisskr ixdts risit bmtir dt amg—t ni almghic. Gk cygmjda almghdgh kf jijkry jkci D prkaisskr s g tt i ig mg, skji pirdplirmbs wkr`s kg ndh igcdmg jimgs almghi tli fkrjmt usdgh ÎV, ÎV=6

9/>>/>5=<


43

NDS NMGC Kpirmtdkg •

Ndt-nmgc kpirmtdkg suppkrt mbbkws m sdghbi bkmc/stkri kpirmtdkg tk maa aai iss (ri (rimc/wrdti) tk m sdghbi cmtm ndt. ndt nmgc mbdms (1>JN)

•

Ysi kf ndt nmgc ds imal pirdplirmb ndts amg ni maai maaisssic sic sipm sipmrrmtib ibyy dg BQN. QN.

9/>>/>5=<


49

Xkr`dgh •

Df wdtl wdtlku kutt nd ndtn tnmg mgc c ‑

‑

‑

‑

•

Maaiss tli mccriss Bkmc tli almghdgh vmbui tk mgktlir rihdstir Uirf irfkrj krj K^ K^ tk jkcd jkcdff nd ndtt Qtkri tli risubt tk mccriss.

Xdtl ndt-nmgc ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Bkmc mccriss tk rihdstir rihdstir Bkmc tli almghdgh vmbui Qtkri tli jkcdfdic vmbui tk mccriss Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

46

Cdffirigais •

Xdtlkut ndt nmgc

•

BC^ ^5,:5x>55555550 sit mccriss

•

BC^ ^=,P^5Z 0 îmc

•

K^^.X ^=,#5x30 jkcdfy ndt

•

9/>>/>5=<

,

•

Xdtl Ndt Nmgc

•

BC^ ^5,:5x>555555<

•

JKV ^=,#=

•


,

48

Ixmjpbi

9/>>/>5=<


4<

Uirfkrj Uirfkrj dt usdgh mgc gkt usdgh ndt nmgc

9/>>/>5=<


44

Mcvmgtmhis •

Curdgh nrmgal ciadsdkgs kg pirdplirmbs tli nibkw tms` lmppigs df gkt ndt nmgc ds ‑

îmcd imcdgh gh wlkb wlkbi i rihd rihdst stir ir

‑

‑

•

Akjp Ak jpmr mrdg dgh h mgc mgc nrmg nrmgal al

Slisi mri sdjpbdfdic ms ‑

îmcdgh tli stmtus ndt vdm ndt-nmgc mgc mbd mbdms

‑

Akjp Ak jpmr mrdg dgh h mgc mgc nrmg nrmgal aldg dgh h

9/>>/>5=<


=55

NDS-NMGC mgc NDS-NMGH •

•

Ndt-nmgc tk dgcdamti tlmt tli fimturi ds m spiadmb jijkry nmgc (rihdkg) tlmt prkvdcis ndtt maai nd maaiss ssis is Ndt nmgh akjjkgby rifirs tk crdvdgh D/K pdgs ugcir skftwmri akgtrkb tk prkvdci sirdmb akjjugda akjjugdamtdk mtdkg g fugatdkg fugatdkgs. s.

9/>>/>5=<


=5=

Cmtm bmst wlig ixaiptdkg kaaurs df ndt nmgc ds gkt usic

9/>>/>5=<


=5>

Ndt nmgc prkvdcdgh bka`dgh fmadbdty curdgh ixaiptdkgs

9/>>/>5=<


=51

Urkhr Urkhrmjj mjjdgh dgh ndtnmg ndtnmgc c • •

•

•

#cifdgi CIVDAI[ÎH5 CIVDAI[^ IH5 *((vkbmtdbi ugsdhgic bkgh *) (5x35555555)) (5x35555555) ) #cifdgi CIVDAI[ÎH5[NDS5 *((vkbmtdbi ugsdhgic bkgh *) (5x3>555555)) #cifdgi CIVDAI[ÎH5[NDS= *((vkbmtdbi ugsdhgic bkgh *) (5x3>555553)) ... CIVDAI[ÎH5 : 5xMN0 // Maaissdgh tli lmrcwmri rihdstir ny gkrjmb // mccriss..

CIVDAI[ÎH5 : CIVDAI[ÎH5 | 5x>0 // Qittdgh ndt = wdtlkut usdgh // ndtnmg ndtnmgc c fimtur imturi.. i....

•

•

CIVDAI[Î CIVDAI[ÎH5[N H5[NDS= DS= : 5x=0 // Qittdgh Qittdgh ndt = usdgh ndtnmgc ndtnmgc fi fimtur mturi i // vdm tli ndt nmgc mbdms mccriss

9/>>/>5=<


=53

Civibkpjigt Fbkw

9/>>/>5=<


=59

Fbkw kf prkhrmj prkhrmj •

•

Xligivir tli mppbdamtdkgs mri civibkpic usdgh akrtix J1 dt ds tli prkaiss. Sli akgaipts kf akci higirmtdkg fbkw dg tirjs kf tlisi tkkbs mri sdjdbmr ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑

•

Mssijnbir A akjpb kjpbdi dirr Bdgìr Ndgm Ndgmry ry fdbi fdbi higi higirrmtdk mtdkg g utdb utdbdt dtdi dis. s.

îmb Vdiw civibkpjigt sudti (^VCQ) kr îmb vdiw akjpbdir tkkbs slkws m fdbi higirmtdkg fbkw.

9/>>/>5=<


=56

Fbkw ds ixpbmd ixpbmdgic gic ny tm`dgh tm`dgh A prkhr prkhrmj mj •

Arimti A prkhrmj

•

Arimti viatkrs

•

Arimti viatkr tmnbi

•

Akjpdbi tli fdbi

•

Ysi bdgìr tk bdg` tli fdbi

•

Hit ixiautmnbi fdbi .ibf ‑

9/>>/>5=<

Dg Jp stips (ÎJIJNI^ JMQJ, BDG@, AV ixi)


=58

Sk akjpdb akjpdbi i •

mrj aa ‑a ‑h ‑X smjpbi[BIC.a ‑k smjpbi[BIC.k

•

mrjaa ‑a -h ‑X viatkrs.a ‑k viatkrs.k

•

k- knoiat knoiat fdbi (rijijni (rijijnirr JU prkhr prkhrmjs) mjs)

•

Mftir JMQJ knoiat fdbis wiri arimtic.

9/>>/>5=<


=5<

Bdgìr •

BDG@I^ usic tk higirmti tli prkhrmj djmhi.

•

Dt higirm higirmtis tis fdbigmji.s fdbigmji.sam amtt

•

samt tibbs tli bdgìr tk put tli stmrtdgh mccriss k prkhrmj gtk viatkr tm i

9/>>/>5=<


=54

Bdgìr Akjjmgcs •

•

Mrjb Mrjbdg dg`` ‑sam ‑samttti tirr smjp smjpbi bi[B [BIC IC.s .sam amtt "-"-ìip:viatkrs.k(ixaiptdkgs[mrim)‒ smjpbi smjpbi[BI [BIC C.k vi viat atkr krs. s.k k smjpbi smjpbi[BI [BIC C.IBF .IBF Ixiautmnbi djmhi smjpbi[BIC.IBF ds higirmtic

9/>>/>5=<


==5

Ixiauti Ixiauti djmhi •

•

/* arimti ndgmry fdbi */ $7 frkj frkjib ibff ‑‑-nd ndg g smjp smjpbi bi[B [BIC IC.i .ibf bf ‑k ‑kut utpu putt smjpbi[BIC.ndg Arimti

•

•

smssij y kutput

$7 frkj frkjibf ibf ‑a smjpb smjpbi[B i[BIC IC.ib .ibff 7 bdst. bdst.txt txt

9/>>/>5=<


===

Akjp Ak jpdb dbi i dg dg smj smji i ix ixmjpb mjpbi i dg @id idbb usdg usdgh h CKQ •

•

•

A?R@ ?R@idbR dbRM^J M^JRNDG RNDG3 35Rmr 5Rmrj jaa -a -K1 -K1 -X -h -Ktd -Ktdj ji --civdai --civdai CBJ via viatkr tkrs.a s.a A?R@ ?R@idbR dbRM^J M^JRNDG RNDG3 35Rmr 5Rmrj jaa -a -K1 -K1 -X -h -Ktd -Ktdj ji --civdai --civdai CBJ nbdg`y nbdg`y.a .a ? i mrj g --- iv ai ìip:Qtmrtup.k(ÎQIS)"

--

"--fdr "--fdrst st:Qt :Qtmr mrtup tup.k( .k(Î ÎQIS QIS)" )" -samt -samtti tirr bic bic.sa .samt mt -jmp jmp via iattkrs. krs.k k nb nbdg dg`y `y.k .k -k nb nbdg dg`y `y.i .ibf bf •

A?R@idbR A?R@idbRM^J M^JRNDG RNDG35Rf 35Rfrk rkjibf jibf --ndg nbdg`y nbdg`y.ibf -k nbdg`y.ndg

9/>>/>5=<


==>

Maaissdgh Jijkry Jmppic îhdkgs dg A •

Maaissdgh tli Uirdplirmbs usdgh ‑

Vkbmtdbi Ukdgtirs

‑

Frkj mccriss

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Qamttir Bkmcdgh fdbi.


==1

Maaissdgh Uirdplirmb îhdstirs ms Ukdgtirs. #cifdgi QTQSDA@[AS^B (*((vkbmtdbi ugsdhgic kgh x

9/>>/>5=<


==3

Mbtirgmtdvi Xmy kf Maaissdgh Uirdplirmb îhdstirs ms Ukdgtirs. Ukdgtirs. Cifdgi mccriss cdriatby # cifdgi QTQQSDA@[AS^B : 5xI555I5=5

9/>>/>5=<


==9

Maaissdgh Uirdplirmb îhdstirs ms Ukdgtirs tk Ibijigts dg Cmtm Qtruaturi

9/>>/>5=<


==6

Cifdgdgh Uirdplirmb-Nmsic Mccriss Ysdgh Qamttir Bkmcdgh Fdbi.

9/>>/>5=<


==8

Dgtrdgsda Fugatdkg •

M nudbt dg fugatdkg tlmt ds djpbijigtic cdriatby ny tli akjpbdir wdtlkut jm`dgh usi kf mgy bdnrmry

9/>>/>5=<


==<

Ijniccic Mssijnbir mgc Dgbdgi Mssijnbir •

•

Fimturi ds prkvdcic tk wrdti tli mssijnby dgsdci tli A akci dt ds ambbic ms dgbdgi mssijnbir. Sypi kf prkhrmj, riturg typi , maaiss

9/>>/>5=<


==4

Dgtirfmai mssijnby mgc A •

Sms`s amg—t pirfkrjic dg A akcdgh ‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Fugatdkgs sual ms cdriat jmgdpubmtdkg kf stma` cmtm kr spiadmb ds gkt pkssdnbi Sdhlt jijkry riqudrijigts, amusdgh pmrt kf tli prkhrmj tk ni wrdttig dg mssijnby tk hit tli sjmb sjmbbi bisst ji jijk jkry ry sdz sdzi


=>5

FK^JMS •

Qbdhlt almghi

•

mrjm mrjmsj sj ‑a ‑apu pu akrt krtix ‑j ‑j1 1 ‑k tist= ist=.k .k tist= ist=.s .s

•

Mrj Mrjbdg bdg` ‑rw ‑rw[n [nm msi 5x>5 x>555555 ‑rk ‑rk[n [nm msi 5x5 ‑ jmp ‑k tist=.i tis=.k ‑

Liri 5x5 ds tli rimc kgby jijkry

‑

5x>5555555 spiadfdis m rimc/wrdti jijkry. jijkry.

•

Frkj Frkjibf ibf ‑nd ‑ndg g ‑kutpu ‑kutputt tist=. tist=.ndg ndg tis tist=. t=.ibf ibf

•

Frkj Frkjibf ibf ‑a ‑kutpu ‑kutputt tist=. tist=.bds bdstt tist=. tist=.ibf ibf

9/>>/>5=<


=>=

Urkcuadgh Kutput

9/>>/>5=<


=>>

Kutput tk akgskbi ktlir tlmg YM^S •

•

•

Qijd-lkdstdgh? Qijd-lkdstdgh? wi amg sigc tli kutput usdgh prdgtf stmtijigt stmtijigt usdgh cinuh rihdstir rihdstir Dgstrujigtmtdkg trmai? tli kutput ds sigt tk Dgstrujigtmtdkg trmai vdm sirdmb wdri vdiwir? ktlir tlmg Srmai pkrt dgtirfmai ugdt m bkw akst sirdmb wdri vdiwir amg ni usic tk hit cmtm

9/>>/>5=<


=>1

YM^S YM^S prkhrmj dg Mssijnby Mssijnby •

•

•

Dg A Bkhda ; ALIA@ BQ^ akgtigt

•

•

•

•

•

DF îaidvi (5x5=) ^N^ Mssijnby Bkmc YM^S[FBMHQ tk kgi rihdstir rihdstir mgc akjpmri wdtl 5x>5

9/>>/>5=<


=>3

Mbb mbhkrdtlj •

Jmdg prkhrmj ‑

‑

‑

‑

•

•

•

•

Jmì r5 tk r3 ms 5 Nrmgal tk bmnib YM^S5Dgdtdmbdzi Bkmc ^5 wdtl akgtigt kf vmrdmnbi ny gmji GYJ= Nrmgal tk Uuts

Uuts Uuts,, Uuts Uutsw wmdtb mdtbkk kkp, p, Uuts Uutsbk bkkp kp ixdt xdt Uuta Uuta,, Uuta Uutabk bkkp kp Ymrt5Dgtdtdmbdzi Ymrt5Dgtdtdmbdzi bmnib GYJ= ciaibirmtdkg

9/>>/>5=<


=>9

Sk cdspbmy lix vmbuis tk YM^S •

•

^5^5- vmbu mbui Mbhkrdtlj ‑

‑

‑

‑

‑

‑

‑

9/>>/>5=<

Bkkpdgh akugt < ( ndt cmtm) ^ktmti cmtm vmbui bift ny 3 ndts Ixtr xtrmat bkwir 3 ndt Akjpmri wdtl 5xM 5xM (=5) Hrimtir kr iqumb mcc 99 Bissir kr iqumb mcc 3< Ciarijigt bkkp akugtir mgc rivirsi tli bkkp , df fdgdsl sigc tk YM^S Cipt. kf IAI, ODS, CVH

=>6

Ciabmri cmtm rihdkg •

Ixmjpbi

9/>>/>5=<


=>8

AJQD AJQDQQ ‑ Gi Giwb wbyy mcc mccic ic tk tli tli syb sybbm bmnu nuss AK^SI\ JA Qkftwmri Dgtirfmai Qtmgcmrc

9/>>/>5=<


=><

AK^SI\ J1 dg ijniccic mppbdamtdkg jmrìt •

•

Ny >55<, dt lms 9 akjpbdir vigckrs, jkri tlmg =9 ij ijni nicc ccic ic Kpir Kpirm mtd tdgh gh Qystij ijs. s. Jmgy akjpmgdis wiri prkvdcdgh lmgcs fkr ‑

Akcias ( ciakcirs ix? @J pbmyir skji giw fkrjmt kf vdcik giics tk ckwgbkmc akcia ias) s)

‑

Cmtm Cmtm prkai prkaiss ssdg dgh h bdnr bdnrmr mrdi diss

‑

Vmrdk mrdkus us skft skftw wmri mri mgc mgc ci cinu nuh h skbu skbutd tdkg kgss

9/>>/>5=<


=>4

Mdjs kf AJQDQ •

•

•

•

Djpr Djprkv kvi i skft skftw wmri mri pkrt pkrtmn mndb dbdt dtyy mgc mgc rius riusmn mndb dbdt dtyy Civibkp m prkcuats mgc civdai bdnrmrdis wldal wkr` kr`s kg vmrdk mrdkus us sdbd sdbdaakg vigckr gckrss Imsy tk usi mgc lmvi stmgcmrc dgtirfmai ûg kg jubtdpbi skurais wdtlkut tli rds` kf crdvir crdvirss dgstmbb dgstmbbmtdkg mtdkg..

9/>>/>5=<


=15

Krhmgdzmtdkg Krhmgdzmtdkg kf AJQDQ

9/>>/>5=<


=1=

Bmyirs •

•

Akri Uirdplir Uirdplirmb mb Maaiss BmyirBmyir- tk maaiss akri rihdstirs mgc akri pirdplirmbs Jdccbiwmri Maaiss Bmyir ‑

‑ ‑

•

•

M akjjkg jitlkc fkr maaissdgh pirdplirmbs ( yit tk Akjjugdamtdkg dgabucis Itlirgit, YM^S, QUD Qkftwmri suppkrt fkr akjjugdamtdkg dgtirfmai

Civdai Uirdplirmb Maaiss bmyir (Jdarkakgtrkbbir ugdt spiadfda) Maaiss fugatdkgs fkr pirdplirmbs (Jdarkakgtrkbbir (Jdarkakgtrkbbir ugdt spiadfda)

9/>>/>5=<


=1>

AJQDQ dgabucis

9/>>/>5=<


=11

•

Akri[ Akr i[A AJ1.l J1.l akgt kgtmdgs mdgs pi pirrdp dpl lirmb irmb rihds ihdsttir ci ciffdg dgdt dtdk dkgs gs mgc mgc maai maaiss ss fu fuga gatd tdkg kgss ‑

GVDA GV DA,, Qy Qyst stij ij Ak Akg gtrkb trkb Nbka Nbka`` rihds ihdsttirs irs mgc mgc QT QTQS QSDA DA@ @ rihds ihdsti tirrs.

‑

Dgab Dgabuc ucis is AJQD AJQDQQ dg dgtr trdg dgsda sda fu fuga gatd tdkg kgss

‑

•

•

•

Dgabucis m fugatdkg tk kutput cinuh jissmhi vdm Dgstru Dgstrujig jigtm tmtdk tdkg g Srmai rmai Jkcubi. Jkcubi.

Akri [aj1. j1.a dgabucis AJQDQ dgtrdgsda fugat atddkgs wldal mrig mrig—t —t ci cifd fdgi gic c dg Ak Akrri[ i[AJ AJ1. 1.l l Qystij[ j[Ci Civvdai ai..l- akgtmdg dgss Jdark arkakgtrk trkbbir spi spiad adffda dgti dg tirr rrup uptt gujn gujnir ir,, ixai ixaipt ptdk dkg g mgc mgc lmgc lmgcbir birs. s. Qystij 2civdai.a7 spiadfda fugatdkg kf jdar jd arka kakg kgtr trkb kbbir bir wldal wldal dg dgabu abuci ciss syst systij ij dg dgdt dtdmb dmbdz dzmt mtdk dkg. g.

9/>>/>5=<


=13

Ixmjpbi •

#dgabuci ‒vigckr[civdai.l7 ‒vigckr[civdai.l7 ‑

2bpa=8xx.l7 // G\U

‑

2bj1Q[AJQDQ.l7 //Jdark civdais

‑

.

.

•

QystijDgdt QystijDgdt ()0 usic fkr fkr syst systij ij dgdtdmbdzi dgdtdmbdzi akci

•

Vkd kdc c YM^ YM^S=[D S=[D^ ^]Lmg ]Lmgcb cbir ir - fkr pirdp pirdpli lirrmbs mbs

•

Vkd kdc c Qy QysS sSda da`[ `[Lm Lmgc gcbi birr ‑ systi ystij j lmgc lmgcbi birrs

9/>>/>5=<


=19

Nigifdts kf AJQDQ

9/>>/>5=<


=16

Slmg` Tku • • •

• • • • •

Ymrt Ymrt[n [nms msi i iq iqu u 5x35 5x3555 5555 555 5 Ymrt Ymrt[f [fbm bmh h iq iqu u umrt umrt[n [nms msi+ i+5x 5x>5 >5 Ymrt Ymrt[c [cmt mtm m iq iqu u umrt umrt[n [nms msi+ i+5x 5x35 35 Mrim Jkv Jkv r5,# r5,#5 5 ^=,r>,r1,r3 N umrt5[dgdtdbdzmtdkg umrt5[dgdtdbdzmtdkg NB puts

9/>>/>5=<


=18

Module-2 ARM instruction SET

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