Avi ati on Leg is latio lat io n EASA Module Modu le 10 Table of Cont ent •
10.1 Regulatory Framework
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10.2 Part-66 Certifying Staff - Maintenance
•
10.3 Part - 145 Approved Maintenance Organisations.
•
10.4 JAR-OPS
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10.5 Aircraft Certification Part 21
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10.6 Part - M Continuing Airworthiness.
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10.7 Applicable National and International Requirements.
10.1. 10.1.
Commercial Air Transportation
(Aeroplanes)
Regul Regul atory Framework
Regulatory Regulatory Bo dies Internation Internation al Organisations: Organisations: •
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation (Worldwide organisation of authorities).
•
ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference (European organisation of authorities).
•
JAA Joint Aviation Authorities.(European Authorities.(Euro pean organisation of JAA member authorities)
•
EASA
European Aviation Safety Agency
Natio Natio nal Autho rities (Examples) (Examples) •
LBA
Luftfahrt Bundesamt (German authority)
•
DGAC
Direction Directi on GEmerale de I"Aviation Civile (French authority)
•
CAA
Civil Aviation Authority (English authority)
•
FAA
Federal Aviation Administration (American authority)
Internation Internation al Operator Operator Organisations : •
lATA lATA Intemational Air Transport Association (Worldwide organisation of operators/airlines) AEA Association of European European Airlines(European Airlines(European organisation organisation of operators/airlines) •
Role of ICAO ( International Civil Aviation Organization )
•
The ICAO is a worldwide union of aviation authorities and a sub organization of the United Nations (UN).
•
Its headquarter is
•
ICAO was established on 7th December 1944 in Chicago .
•
United States invited
•
lCAO establishes international standards and recommends operating practices and procedures.
•
It covers
•
ICAO
in Montreal, Canada. 54 nations who met together to to form ICAO .
the technical field of aviation,
develops a code of international air air law for
190 countries (at present ).
The Organization is made up of the following : •
The ASSEMBLY A SSEMBLY:: it is composed composed by · the Member States and meets every 3 years to review documents, define policies for future years and approve budgets;
•
The COUNCIL: it is elected by the Assembly and remains in office for 3 years. It is composed by representatives of 36 countries.
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The Council is the main governing body; it manages the Agency s work and updates the Annexes with standards and Agency's recommendations, leveraging the expertise of technical directorates;
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The SECRETARIAT : it is composed by the permanent framework of professionals; and it is divided into five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Co-operation Bureau, the Legal Bureau, and the Bureau of Administration and Services;
The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General
•
Role of ICAO ( International Civil Aviation Organization )
•
The ICAO is a worldwide union of aviation authorities and a sub organization of the United Nations (UN).
•
Its headquarter is
•
ICAO was established on 7th December 1944 in Chicago .
•
United States invited
•
lCAO establishes international standards and recommends operating practices and procedures.
•
It covers
•
ICAO
in Montreal, Canada. 54 nations who met together to to form ICAO .
the technical field of aviation,
develops a code of international air air law for
190 countries (at present ).
The Organization is made up of the following : •
The ASSEMBLY A SSEMBLY:: it is composed composed by · the Member States and meets every 3 years to review documents, define policies for future years and approve budgets;
•
The COUNCIL: it is elected by the Assembly and remains in office for 3 years. It is composed by representatives of 36 countries.
•
The Council is the main governing body; it manages the Agency s work and updates the Annexes with standards and Agency's recommendations, leveraging the expertise of technical directorates;
•
The SECRETARIAT : it is composed by the permanent framework of professionals; and it is divided into five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Co-operation Bureau, the Legal Bureau, and the Bureau of Administration and Services;
The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General
•
Internatio nal CiviI
Aviatio n 0rganizatio n (ICA0 (ICA0 ) annexes:
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Annex An nex 1
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Annex 2 Rules of the Air
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Annex 3 Meteorological Meteorological Service For lnternationaI lnternationaI Air Navigation Navigation
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Annex 4 Aeronautical Aeronautical Charts
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Annex 5 Units Of !Measurem !Measurement ent To To Be Used In Air And And
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Annex 6 0peration Of Aircraft Aircraft
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Annex 7 Aircraft, Nationality Nationality and Registration Registration Marks Marks
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Annex An nex 8 Airwo Air wo rt hines hi ness, s, o f Ai rc raft raf t
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Annex 9 Facilitation
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Annex 10 Aeronautical Aeronautical Telecomm Telecommunications unications
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Annex 11 11
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Annex 12 Search And Rescue
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Annex 13 Aircraft Accident and and Incident Incident Investigation Investigation
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Annex 14 Aerodromes Aerodromes
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Annex 15 Aeronaucal Aeronaucal Information Information Services
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Annex, 16 Environmental Environmental Protection Protection
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Annex 17 Security
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Annex 18 The Safe Transport Transport Of Of Dangerous Dangerous Goods Goods By Air
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lCA0
Person Pers on nel Li censi cen si ng
Ground Operations Operations
Air Traffic Traffic Control} Control} Flight Informa Information, tion, Alerting Services Services
ICA0 publishes standards and guidance documents which are explanatory of annexes. standards
are developed in the following forms:
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Standards and Recommended Practices
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Procedures for Air Navigation Services
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Regional Supplementary Procedures
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Guidance Material .
Joint Aviation Authorit ies (JAA)
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Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA), started in 1970 it is based in Hoofddorp the Netherlands,
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The Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) was. an association body of the European Civil Aviation Conference Conference (ECAC) representing representing the the civil aviation aviation authorities authorities of of Member State which s:igned the "JAA Arrangements , document established in the conference conference of Cyprus. in Sept 1990.
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The JAA Member States agreed to cooperate in developing and implementing common safety regulatory standards and procedures ,with the aim to provide high and consistent standards, of safety and the right conditions for equal competition in Europe.
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The Members did their best to harmonise their practices with the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA), (JAA), this system system led to differ differing ing interpretations, interpretations, which which adversely adversely affected the efficiency of regulation and increased compliance.
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A transition to the EASA system and and decision-making decision-making based on the European European Community method will mark a significant improvement in the execution of certification and rulemaking.
Transfer from JAA to EASA •
With the creation of EASA in 2002, the EU members members transferred the airworthiness regulations away from the JAA.
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Over time, EASA became responsible for operations and licensing as well.
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In 2009 the JAA system was disbanded. Only the training organisation (JAA-TO) remains, it mainly provides courses for CAA staff of European countries.
Role of European European commiss ion
•
•
The European Parliament : it is the elected body that represents the Europe citizens . It exercises political supervision
and takes part in the legislative process.
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The Council Council of the European Union (also known as the Council of Ministers): it is the EU's main decision-making body.
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The EU member states take it in turns to hold the Presidency of the Council for a period of six months.
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Every Council meeting is attended by one minister from each EU country. The Council has legislative power, · which it shares with the European Parliament .
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The European European Commissio n: it is the EUs executive arm. This means that it is the only institution that can propose new laws, on which the European
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Parliament and Council of the EU then vote.
Role of EASA (European Aviatio n Safety Safety Agenc y )
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The Agency was temporarily based in Brussels, but moved to Cologne ( in Germany ), on 2nd November 2004.
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The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) is the European Union's Agency which has the main role of promoting the highest common standards of safety and environmental protection in civil aviation.
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The agency was established by the European Parliament Basic Regulation
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n. 1592/2002 issued on 20/02{2008).
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This Regulation was done because of the need to provide common rules to the European civil aviation field on:
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1 . Safety levels
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2. Quality standards
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3. Environmental compatibility
15/07/2002 (replaced (repl aced by n EC.216/2008 issued on
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4. Goods and services movement
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5. Cooperation with third Countries.
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The EASA has a web site. (www.easa.eu-int)
EASA •
32 Member States
Austria
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Belgium
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Bulgaria
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Croatia
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Cyprus
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Czech Republic
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Denmark
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Estonia
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Finland
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France
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Germany
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Greece
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Hungary
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Iceland
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Ireland
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Italy
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Lativa
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Liechtenstein
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Lithuania
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Luxembourg
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Malta
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Netherland
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Norway
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Poland
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Portugal
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Romania
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Slovakia
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Slovenia
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Spain
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Sweden
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Swtizerland
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United Kingdom
Provide advice to the Commission on the following matters: a. The design, production, maintenance and operation of aeronautical products, parts and appliances, as · well as personnel and organizations involved in the design, production and maintenance of such products, parts and appliances •
b. Personnel and organizations involved in the operation of aircraft. •
Issue certification , including airworthiness documents such as an Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) , as welI as any Guidance Material (GM) for the application of rules
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Issue of the Type-Certificates or associated changes.
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Issue certificates for parts and appliances.
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Issue the appropriate Environmental Certificates.
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Approval of Design Organizations
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Approval of Production 0rganisations located within the territory of the Member States.
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Approval of Production and Maintenance organizations located outside the territory of the Member State.
• •
Monitoring the application of rules by ' °‘National Aviation Authorities (NAA) Approval of Airworthiness Directives
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Define and negotiate bilateral agreements between states (BASA);, previously treated independently by each Member State.
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The EASA Regulation in not applicable to products/parts/'appliances/staff/organisation involved in military, custom, police organistation or similar.
Struct ure of the rules •
IR 748 /2012: Init ial Airworthi ness Requirements ,
•
This regulation concerns the processes of certification of aeronautical products, production companies and design companies. This regulation also contains Part 21 that establishes the requirements and the procedures for the certification of airplanes products, parts and appliances, production and design organizations.
IR 2042/2003: Continuing Airworthiness Requirements •
This regulation concerns the airworthiness and maintenance of a aeronautical products, moreover, the certification of organizations and maintenance staff.
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It contains the following Annexes (Parts):
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Annex I Part M: Continuing Airworthiness requirements
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Annex II Part
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Annex
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Annex lV Part
III
145: Maintenance Organisation certification Part 66: Aircraft, Maintenance License (AML) r égulation 147: Training organization regulation.
Airc raft Maintenance Organization approved by Example : •
EASA
An aircraft which is registered in Bahrain (i.e. A9C -XXX) may only be maintained in Bahrain by a Maintenance Organization which is approved by the Bahrain CAA (i.e Gulf Air Maintenance ) .
•
With the formation of the JAAIEASA and the resulting mutual recognition a Bahraini registered aircraft may also be maintained by each Maintenance Organization approved by a JAAIEASA member state.
•
This means also, that an Approved Maintenance Organization in Bahrain may maintain aircraft registered in the JAAIEASA member states.
Chapter 10.2 Annex III Part 66: Airc raft, Maintenanc e Li cense (AML ) regulati on PART-66 CERTIFYING STAFF Part 66 Aircraft , Maintenance Li cense •
In Europe, Aircraft Maintenance Certifying Personnel have to comply with the Annex III Part 66 Aircraft, Maintenance License (AML) regulation.
•
Part 66 provides , the requirements for the technical qualification of such personnel, mainly in terms of knowledge and experience.
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The certification of personnel who meet these requirements is issued Maintenance License (AML).
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The Aircraft Maintenance License (AML), , is ICAOs Annex 1 Personnel Licensing..
Part 66
an
Aircraft
consistent with the requirements of
Aircraft, Maint enance License (AML)
•
Part 66 is structured in two sections and related appendixes as follow:
•
Sectio n A: contains the technical requirements that must be satisfied for the issue of an aircraft maintenance License
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Sectio n B: contains the authorities.
procedures that must be followed by competent
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Arppendix l: Basic Knowledge requirements
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Arppendix ll: Basic Examination Standard
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Arppend III : Aircraft Type "Training and Examination Standard 0n the Job training
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Appendix IV: Experience requirements for extending a Part-66 .AML
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Appendix V: Application Form - EASA Form 19
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Appendix VI: Aircraft Maintenance License referred to in Annex Ill (Part-66) Form 26
EASA
–
Part 66 , Section A -Technic al requi rements •
Aircraft maintenance licenses include the following categories:
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Category A - Line Maintenance Certifying Mechanic
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Category B1
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Category B2 Maintenance Certifying Technician -.Avionics
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Category B3 Maintenance Certifying Technician - for the maintenance of piston-engine non- pressurized aeroplanes of less than 2000 kg MT0M (Maximum Take Off Mass )
•
Category C - Base Maintenance
Maintenance Certifying Technician Mechanical
Certifying
Engineer.
Part 66 , Section A -Technic al requi rements, Appl ic ati on for AML •
The application for an aircraft maintenance license, or any extensions (changes) to such license has to be made on an EASA Form 19 and submitted to the competent authority .
•
When an applicant requests an extension of an AML to the authority of a Member State other than the Member State in which he/she first qualified, the application will be forwarded to the competent authority that issued the license.
Part 66 , Section A -Technic al requi rements •
The certification privileges of
categories
are as follows:
•
Category A : aircraft maintenance License permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service (CRS) following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the authorization.
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The certification privileges are restricted to work that the license holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation that issued the certification authorization .
•
•
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1. Maintenance performed on aircraft s:tructure, power plant and mechanical and eIectricaI systems.
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2. Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting.
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Note : Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory
Category B1 aircraft maintenance license shalI permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service for the following:
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Category B2 : aircraft maintenance license shalI permit the holder:
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Issue certificates of release to service for following:
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1. Maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems.
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2. Electrical and avionics tasks within power plant and mechanical systems, requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability.
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Note :The category B2 license does not include any A subcategory.
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Category B3 Certifying Staff is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2000 kg MTOM to issue certificates of release to service for the following :
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1. maintenance performed on aeroplane and electrical systems
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2. work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting.
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Category C aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft.
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The privileges apply to the aircraft as a whole.
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B1 and B2 Staff can also acts as required to Support a category C to release to service aircraft after base maintenance works on Large Aircraft.
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In fact, for aircraft classified as Other Than Large not used for commercial transport , technicians of category B are sufficient.
structure, powerplant and mechanical
A or B Category
Helicopters
A or B Aeroplane with with
B2
Turbine
Piston
Turbine
Piston
B3 Piston Engine less than 2000 Kg
No
Modules
Engine
Engine
Engine
Engine
Avionics
MTOW
M1
Mathematics
X
X
X
X
X
X
M2
Physics
X
X
X
X
X
X
M3
Electrical Fundamentals
X
X
X
X
X
X
M4
Electronic Fundamentals
X
X
X
X
X
X
M5
Digital Techniques , Electronic Instrument Systems
X
X
X
X
X
X
M6
Materials and Hardware
X
X
X
X
X
X
M7A
Maintenance Practices
X
X
X
X
X
M7B
Maintenance Practices
M8
Basic Aerodynamic
X
X
X
X
X
M9A
Human Factor
X
X
X
X
X
M9B
Human Factor
M 10
Aviation Legislation
X
X X
M 11 A Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics , Structure and M 11 B Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics , Structure
M 12
Helicopter Aerodynamics Structure and Systems
M 13
Aircraft
M 14
Propulsion
M 15
Gas Turbine Engine
M 16
Piston Engine
X
X
X
X
X
System X
and System
M 11 C Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics , Structure and
Aerodynamics , Structure and
X
X
System
x X
X
System
X X X
X X
X
x
M 17 A
Propeller
X
X
M 17 B
Propeller
x
66.A.25 - Basic knowledge requirements for the issue of an AML •
66.A.25 - Basic knowledge levels :
•
Level 1: Familiarization with main topics of the subject.
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Level 2: General knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject and capacity to apply this knowledge.
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Level 3: Detailed knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.
Part 66 Experience Requir ements •
For catego ry A and subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 ( A/C Piston and Helicopters Piston)
•
i) Three years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft, if he no previous technical training; or
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ii) Two years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a skilled worker, in a technical trade; or
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iii) One year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a Part-147 approved basic training course.
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For category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3 A/C Turbine and Helicopters Turbine) :
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Five years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous technical training;or
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Three years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a skilled worker, in a technical trade; or
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Two years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a Part -147 approved basic training course.
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For category C with respect to large aircraft:
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i) three years of experience exercising category B 1.1, B 1.3 or 82 privileges on large aircraft or as Part-145 B1.1, B1.3 or B2 support staff, or, a combination of both; or
•
ii) five years of experience exercising category B 1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large aircraft or as Part-145 B1.2 or 81.4 support staff,or a combination of both;
has
Part 66 , Section A -Technic al requi rements •
66.A.45 – Endorsement with Aircraft Ratings :
•
Type/task training and ratings- Category A
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The holder of a Category A aircraft maintenance license may only exercise his privileges on a specific aircraft type following the satisfactory completion of the relevant category A Aircraft Task Training carried out by an appropriately approved Part-145 or Part-147 organization.
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The Task training shall consist of:
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1. Practical hands on training
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2. Theoretical training as appropriate for each task authorised.
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Satisfactory completion of training shall be demonstrated by an examination and/or by workplace assessment carried out by an appropriately approved Part 145 or Part-147 organisation.
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For Large Aircraft, the holder of a category B1, B2 or C aircr aft ,maintenance license can only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type when his License is endorsed with the appropriate Aircraft Type Rating, granted by satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1, B2 or C Aircraft Type Training approved by the competent authority or conducted by an appropriately approved Part-147 maintenance training organisation.
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Category B1 and B2 approved Type training shall be made up of:
•
1. Theoretical training: detailed theoretical knowledge of the aircraft, its main parts, systems, equipment and applicable components, including training in the documents in use such as technical manuals and maintenance procedures.
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2. Practical training element (only cat. B): the practical element should include a cross section of maintenance tasks.
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The practical training :must comprise a period of 4 months for applicants with no recent recorded previous practical experience of aircraft of comparable construction and systems, including the engines, but this can 'be reduced to a minimum of 2 weeks for applicant with such previous experience.
Part 66 , Section B
-Technic al requir ements
•
General
•
Issue of an Aircraft Maint License
•
Examinations
•
Conversion of National Qualifications
•
Examination Credits
•
Revocation , suspension or limitation of Aircraft Maint License .
66.B.500 - Revocation, suspension or imitation of the Aircraft Maintenance License. Possible causes of revocation, suspension or Limitation of the AML: •
Falsification of submitted documentary in order to obtain the aircraft maintenance License and/or the certification privileges
•
Failing to carry out requested maintenance combined with failure to report such to the organization or person who requested the maintenance
•
Failing to carry out required maintenance resulting from own inspection combined with failure to report such fact to the organjsation or person for whom the maintenance was intended to be carried out.
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Negligent maintenance.
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Falsification of the maintenance record.
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Issuing a certificate of re{ease to service knowing that the maintenance specified has not been carried out or 'Without verify[ng that such maintenance has been carded out.
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Carrying out maintenance or issuing a certificate of release to service when adversely affected by alcohol or drugs.
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Issuing certificate of release to service while not in compliance with this Part.
Chapter 10.3 Annex II Part
145
Maintenance Organisation certifi cation Part 145- Struct ure •
The Part 145 is structured in two sections and related appendixes as follow:
•
Sectio n A.: concerns technical requirements that must be satisfied the Organization and it staff .
•
Sectio n B: contains the procedures that must be followed by competent authorities ( Quality Department ) .
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
to approve
Appendix I: Authorized Release Certificate- EASA Form 1
Appendix II Class and Ratings System used for the Approval of Maintenance Organizations referred to in Annex I (Part-M) Subpart F and Annex II (Part-145). Appendix Ill: Maintenance Organization Approval referred to in Annex II (Part-145). Appendix IV: Conditions for the use of staff not qualified to Part-66 .
Part 145-
Line and Base Maintenance
Definition of Line and Base maintenance: •
Line Maintenance: Any rnaintenance that is carried out before flight to ensure that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight, it include:
•
a. Troubleshooting
•
b, Defect rectification
•
c. Component replacement with use of external test equipment if required. Component replacement may include cornpones such as engines and propellers.
•
d. Scheduled maintenance and/or checks including visual inspections that will detect obvious unsatisfactory conditions/discrepancies but do not require extensive in depth inspection. It may aIso include internal structure, systems and powerplant items which are visible through quick opening access panels/doors.
•
e. Minor repairs and modifications which do not require extensive disassembly and can be accomplished by simple means.
•
For temporary or occasional cases {AD s, SB1 s) the Quality Manager may accept base maintenance tasks to be performed by a line maintenance.
•
Base Maint enance: all other maintenance tasks are considered to be Base Maintenance.
Part 145 Maintenance Organization Expositio n –
•
MOE (Maintenance Organisation Exposition) is the document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organization intends to comply with this Part.
•
The MOE has to be amended as necessary to remain an up-to-date description of the organization.
•
The exposition and any subsequent amendment shall be approved by the competent authority (minor amendments to the exposition may be approved through an exposition procedure called indirect approval).
•
An application for the issue or change of an Maintenance Approval must be made to the competent authority in a EASA Form 2.
•
The EASA Form 2 is valid for the application for M A. Subpart F, Part-145 and M.A. Subpart G organizations.
•
Organizations applying for several approvals may do so by using a single EASA Form 2.
Part 145- A.20 - Terms of Ap pro val •
145.A.20 Terms o f App roval:
•
The scope of work specified in the MOE defines the exact limits of approval.
•
The class and Ratings System, used for the Approval of Maintenance Organizations, is based on four categories ( refer to Part IM appendix IV):
•
•
Category A class : The approved maintenance organization may carry out maintenance on the aircraft and any component (including engines and/or Auxiliary Power Units),
•
Category B c lass The approved maintenance organisation may carry out maintenance on the uninstalled engine and/or APU and engine and/or APU components.
•
Category C class The approved maintenance organisation may carry out maintenance on uninstalled components (excluding engines and APUs).
•
Category D class The D1 - Non Destructive Testing (NDT) rating is on[y necessary for an approved maintenance organization that carries out NDT as a particular task for another organization
Part 145- A.25 - Facil ity requirements •
Facility requirements-working environment
•
Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work, ensuring in particular, protection from the weather elements. Such as Temperature , Dust , Noise and Proper Lighting .
•
Offices accommodation for the certifying staff
•
Storage facilities for components , tools and materials.
Part 145- A.30 - Personnel requir ements Acco untable Manager: •
The accountable manager 'Who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by MOE .
The accountable manager shall •
Ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish maintenance
•
Establish and promote the safety and quality policy.
•
Demonstrate a basic understanding of Part-145.
•
The accountable manager technical matters .
•
Maintenance managers:
•
Maintenance managers responsibilities with Part-145.
•
Individual managers should report to the accountable manager except in small Part-145 organization.
•
The organization should have, the following managers:
•
Base Maint enance Manager : Is responsible for ensuring that all maintenance carried out in the hangar, plus. any defect rectification is carried out to the design and quallirty standards.
• •
•
is not required to be necessary knowledgeable in
ensuring that
Any corrective action resulting from the quality audits
the organization complies
monitoring
Line Maint enance Manager: is responsible for ensuring that alI maintenance to be carried out on the Line including defect rectification is. carried out to the standards. Any corrective action resulting from the quality audit
monitoring
Workshop and Quality manager •
Workshop Manager:
•
Responsible for ensuring that all work on aircraft components is carried out to the standards
•
Responsible for any corrective action resulting from the quality audits
•
Quality Manager:
•
Responsible for monitoring the quality system, and feedbacks .
•
Have direct access to the accountable manager to ensure that he is kept updated on quality and compliance matters.
•
The organization shall retain the record for at Least 3 years after the staff have ceased employment with the organization or as soon as the authorization has been with drawn.
•
The maintenance organization shalI provide the staff upon request, · with a copy of their personal record on leaving the organization. •
•
The staff shall be given access on request to the personal records .
•
The organization shall provide certifying staff with a copy of their certification authorization in either a documented or electronic format..
•
Certifying staff shall produce their certificate authorization to any authorized person within 24 hours.
•
The minimum age for certifying staff and category B1 and 82 support staff is 21 years .
Part 145.A.50 -Certi ficatio n of maintenance •
•
•
•
•
Certi fic ate of Release to Service (CRS ) shall be issued by appropriately authorized certifying staff when it has been verified that all maintenance work has been properly carried out in accordance with the procedures specified In point 145.A.70, and use of the maintenance data and that there are no non-compliances which are known to endanger flight safety. A CRS ( Certificate of Release to Service ) shall be issued before flight at the completion of any maintenance . Where the aircraft operator is. unable to complete alI maintenance work, it may issue a CRS within the approved aircraft limitations. A CRS sha!l be issued at the completion of any maintenance on a component using the EASA FORM 1 . In the case.of an aircraft grounded at a different Iodation than the primary line or base maintenance stations. due to the non-avilabiity of a component with the appropriate release certificate, it is allowed to temporarily fit a component · without appropriate release certificate for a period until the aircraft returns provided the component has a suitable release certificate.
•
An EASA Form 1 may be issued for an aircraft component · which has been:
•
Maintained / Manufactured before Part-145 became effective
•
Used on an aircraft and removed in a serviceable condition. Examples include leased and loaned aircraft components
•
Removed from aircraft which have been withdrawn from service, or from aircraft which have been involved in accidents, incidents, heavy landings or lightning strikes.
•
Part 145.A.60 -Occurrence Report ing •
The organization shall report to:
•
1. The competent authority
•
2. The state of registry;
•
3. The organization responsible for the design of the aircraft or component :
•
Any condition of the aircraft or component that has resulted or may result unsafe condition that hazards seriously the flight safety.
in an
•
The aim of Occurrence Reporting is to identify the factors contributing to incidents,, and to avoid similar errors.
•
The organization shall establish an internal occurrence reporting system to enable the collection and evaluation of such reports, including the assessment .
•
This procedure shall identify adverse trends, corrective actions taken or to be taken to address, deficiences,and include evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such occurrences and a method to circulate the information.
•
The organization shall make such reports in a form and manner to ensure that they contain all information about the condition and evaluation results.
•
Where the organization is contracted by a commercial operator to carry out maintenance, the organization shall also report to the operator any such condition affecting the operator's aircraft or component.
•
The organization shall produce and submit such reports within 72 hours of the organization identifying the condition .
Part 145.A.65 - Safety and qu ality p olicy •
145.A.65 - Safety and quality policy ,maintenance procedure and quality system:
•
The organization shall establish a safety and quality policy
•
The primary objectives of quality System are to ensure that it can deliver a safe product and remains in compliance with the following requirements:
•
Independent audits to monitor compliance with required aircraft/aircraft component.
•
Standards and adequacy of the procedures, to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices, and airworthy aircraft/aircraft components.
•
In the smallest organizations, the independent audit may be contracted to another approved organization or a person with appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory audit expedience.
•
A quality feedback reporting system to the accountable manager that ensures. proper and timely corrective action is taken.
•
Findings:
•
level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety.
•
level 2 finding is any non-compliance which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety.
•
After receipt of findings .the approved maintenance organization shall define a corrective action · plan to the satisfaction of the competent authority within a period agreed with this authority.
Chapter 10.4 AIR OPERATIONS EU-OPS- introduction •
•
EU operations (OPS) set common technical requirements and administrative procedures applicable to commercial transportation aircraft. An operator shall comply with the applicable airworthiness requirements for aeroplanes operated for the purpose of commercial air transportation.
•
Each airplane (or helicopter) must be operated in compliance and within the approved limitations contained in its Airplane Flight Manual (or Helicopter Flight ManuaI).
•
EU-OPS part 1 prescribe requirements applicable to the operation of any civil airplane by any operator, whose principal place of business and registered office is located in a Member State.
EU-OPS - curr ent regul ation •
Regulation (EC) 965/2012 of the European Commission has detailed rules for
•
Commercial air transport operations with aeroplanes and helicopters, including ramp inspections of aircraft for operators. under the safety oversight of another State when landed at aerodromes located in the territory subject to the provisions of the Treaty.
EU-OPS- introduction •
IR-OPS covers all 'Air Operations' and has four subparts as follows:
•
•
OPS.ARO - Authori ty Requir ements for Ai r Operations - establishes requirements for the administration and management systems, to be fulfilled by the Agency and Member States, for the implementation and enforcement of IR-OP'S
•
OPS. ORO - Origination Requirements for Air Operations - establishes requirements to be followed by an air operator conducting commercial air transport operations.
•
OPS.CAT - Commercial Air Transpo rt operations - contains general requirements for commercial air transport operations, Including Operating Procedures, Aircraft Performance, Mass and Balance, instruments and equipment requirements,, etc
•
OPS.SPA - Specific Appro vals , - contains requirements for specific approvals, such as Performance-based Navigation, Minimum Navigation Performance (MNPS), Reduced Vertical Separation Minima (RVSM), Low V visibility Operations (LVO), Extended Range Twin Engine Operations (ETOPS), Transport of Dangerous Goods (DG), and certain specified helicopter operatioins.
EU - OPS part 1 •
OPS 1 in subparts that defines specific topics:
•
Subpart A-Applicability and definitions
•
Subpart B -General
•
Subpart C-Operator certification and supervision
•
Subpart O -Operational procedures
•
Subpart E -All weather operations
•
Subpart F-Performance general
•
Subpart G- Performance Class A
•
Subpart H -Performance Class B
•
Subpart I - Performance Class C
•
SubpartJ -Mass and balance
•
Subpart K -Instruments and equipment
•
Subpart L-Communication and navigation equipment
•
Subpart M -Aeroplane maintenance
•
Subpart N -Flight crew
•
Subpart 0-Cabin crew
•
Subpart P -Manuals, logs and records
•
Subpart 0-Flight and dutytime limitations and rest requirements
•
Subpart R -Transport of dangerous goods by air
•
Subpart S -Security
OPS part 1 subpart A - applicability and definitio ns •
OPS part 1 s ubpart A includes the following topics:
•
1. The applicability(OPS1.001)
•
2 The definitions (OPS 1.003)
•
The OPS Part 1 applicability is restricted to the operation of any civil airplane for the purpose of commercial air transportation by any operator is in an EASA Member State (the operator).
OPS part 1 subpart B • •
•
MMEL/MEL
OPS part 1 subpart B -OPS 1.030 MMEL/MEL An operator shall establish, for each Aeroplane, a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) approved by the Authority. The MEL shall be based upon, but no less, restrictive than, the relevant Master Minimum Equipment List MMEL
•
An operator shall not operate an Aeroplane other than in accordance with the MEL unless, permitted by the Authority. Any such permission will in no circumstances permit operation outside the constraints of the MMEL.
•
The MMEL is usually issued by a design organization (the Type Certificate holder) and identifies the equipment or functions which may be inoperative for operation.
•
•
AII the items related to airworthiness, not included must be operative, while a non-safety-related equipment (for example, galleys) is excluded. The MEL must be approved by the certificating authority (NAA). An MEL is similar in content to the MMIEL except that it is specific to a particular operator and to individual aircraft.
MEL Page
OPS part 1 subpart B
MMEL/MEL
•
For each item, the MMEL / MEL specify:
•
1. The required minimum equipment, function or system for dispatch.
•
2. The related maintenance action, according to with the letter "(M) “.
•
3. The specific operation procedure that must be accomplished by the flight crew, indicated with the letter "(0) “.
aircraft documentation, indicated
•
5. The time intervals, which specifies through a letter the allowed period for rectification.
•
Time intervals. letters have the following meaning:
•
Cat A: no standard interval specified. However, items in this category shall! be rectified in accordance with the conditions stated in the Remarks (or Exceptions) of the MEL. Where a time period is. specified it shall start at 00:01 on the calendar day following the day of discovery.
•
Cat B: the rectification shall be executed within 3 days from discovery
•
Cat C: the rectification shall be executed wthin 10 days. from discovery
•
Cat D: the rectification shall be executed within 120 days from discovery
OPS part 1 s ubpart B Configuration D éviation Configuration D éviation
List (CDL)
List (CDL)
•
•
MMEL / MEL include a section, named Configuration Deviation List (CDL) that is a listing of EASA-approved non-structural external parts that may be missing but the airplane remains airworthy.
•
To qualify an item onto the CDL, a restrictive set of conditions must be met, Some of these conditions include:
•
The effect of the missing part upon adjacent structure and systems,
•
The effect upon airplane performance (for example, the drag penalty imposed upon the airplane when flying with the part missing, and its, effect on operating 'Weights).
•
The combined effect upon the airplane when more than one CDL item is present on the airplane .
•
CDL test flights are scheduled into the test plan, and most items on the CDL are qualified during the initial certification of the airplane and.
•
A list of items, based upon experience with previous designs, is selected during initiail airplane design phase.
Air Operator Certif ic ate
OPS part 1 subpart C
Air Operator Certi ficate (AOC)
Air Operator Certif ic ate (AOC). •
The operator must have nominated post holders, acceptable to the Authority, who are responsible for the management and supervision of the following areas:
•
1. Flight operations.
•
2.. Maintenance system.
•
3. Crew training.
•
4. Ground operations.
•
A person may hold more than one of the nominated posts if acceptable to the Authority but, for operators who employ · 21 or more full time staff, a minimum of two persons are required to cover the four areas of responsibiIity.
OPS part 1 sub part D Operatio nal Procedur es Operational pr ocedures . •
The
ETOPS rules allows twin-engine aircraft to fly long-distance routes.
•
Without ETOPS , the maximum distance from an aerodrome for two-engine airplanes is the distance flown in 60 minutes at the One-Engine-lnoperative (OEI) cruise speed.
•
ETOPS distance may be increased to 120, 180 or more minutes.
•
Eventually this means that a smaller twin could be used on routes between two c:ity pairs where passenger numbers are not economically viable for large aircraft to Operate them.
•
ETOPS : Extended Twin
Engine
Operations
OPS part 1 subpart D Occurrence Reportin g •
Occurrence Repor tin g (OPS 1.420).
•
Terminology:
•
1. Incident : is an occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation
•
2. Serious Incident : is an incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.
•
3. Acci dent" is an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft
•
In case of accident or serious incident, the commander or the operator of an airplane shall submit a report to the authority in the State of the operator within 72 hours of the time when the accident or serious incident occurred.
•
Airc raft m arkings and placards • •
An aircraft must contain: The specified marking and placards
Instrument marking and placards required for the safe operation . Each marking and placard prescribed: •
•
Must be displayed in a visible place
•
Not be easily erased, disfigured or obstructed.
•
Marking or placards should be placed close to or on the instrument or control with which they are associated. .
Chapter 10.5 CERTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT APPLIANCES (PART 21) Introduction
PARTS AND
•
Regulation (EC) . 216/2008 laying down in article 4 (1) that all aircraft, including its , parts if so designed, constructed or registered in a European Union Member State or registered in a third country but supervised by an operator from a Member State, or even if registered in a third country and supervised by an operator from a third country but with traffic to and from a Member State, must comply with the same rules.
•
For parts and appliances these certification may be issued when specific certifications have proven to meet Airworthiness specifications established to ensure compliance with the essential requirements.
•
All organizations , design products, parts and appliances shall demonstrate their skills as well as to be able to assure the responsibilities associated with the privileges that are recognized through .a process of design organization approval.
Part 21- Regulation •
The commission regulation (EC) No 748/2012 is laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products,parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organizations..
•
Part 21 is structured in two sections:
•
a. Sectio n A: contains the requirements for the applicants and acquired rights and obliigations
•
b. Sectio n B: contains the procedures for competent authorities.
Part 21 Struct ure and purp ose •
Section A and section B are both divided in subparts that defines specific topics:
•
Subpart A-General
•
Subpart B - Type certificates and restricted type certificates:
•
Subpart C- Not applicable
•
Subpart D -Changes to type certificates and restricted type certificates
•
Subpart E – Supplemental
•
Subpart F -Production without production organisation approval
•
Subpart G - Productio n o rganization approval (POA)
•
Subpart H -Certificate of airworthiness and restricted certificates of Airworthiness
•
Subpart II -Noise certificates
•
Subpart J - Design organization approval (DOA)
type certificats
•
•
Subpart K - Parts and appliances
•
Subpart L - Not applicable
•
Subpart M-Repairs
•
Subpart N - Not applicable
•
Subpart O - European Technical Standard Order authorizations (ETSO)
•
Subpart P- Permit to fly
•
Subpart O - identification of products, parts and appliances.
Type Certifi cate and Supplemental Type Certi fic ate issui ng (Part 21 subparts B, D, E) •
Any person eligible can apply for a type certificate or restricted type certificate in accordance with Part 21 (21.A.14)
•
The type-certificate and restricted type-certificate are both include the design, the operating limitations, the data sheet for airworthiness and emissiions, the applicable type-certificatioin base and environmental! protection requirements
•
Type design changes are classified in two categories:
•
1. Minor change
•
2. Major change
•
Only the type-certificate holder may apply for approval of a major change to a design. under this Subpartart
•
All other applicant s for a major change to a type design shall apply under Subpart E for a Supplemental Type Certificate STC.
Type Certifi cate and Supplemental Type Certi ficate issuing (Part 21 subparts B , D, E) •
A type-certificate and restricted type-certificate shall be issued for an unlimited duration.
•
They shall remain valid subject to:
•
The holder remaining in compliance with this Annex 1 (Part 21)
•
The certificate not being surrendered or revoked
•
The holder of a type-certificate or restricted type-certificate shall produce, maintain and update master copies of all manuals, and provide copies, on request, to the Agency.
•
The holder of the type-certificate or restricted type-certificate shall furnish at least one set of complete Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA), to each known owner of one or more aircraft, engine or propeller upon its delivery or upon issue of the first certificate of airworthiness for the affected aircraft, whichever occurs later make those instructions available on request to any other person
required to comply with any of the terms of those instructions. Productio n organizations approval for product s subpart G} •
,parts and appliances
(Part 21
Part 21-Subpart G- POA -Approval requirement's and POE (production organization exposition)
21.A.145 Approval requirements •
The production organization shall demonstrate,
•
Facilities, working conditions, equipment and tools, processes and associated materials, number and competence of staff, and general organization are adequate .
•
With regard to all necessary airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust emissions data:
•
Such data are kept up to date and made available to all personnel who need access to such data to perform their duties;
•
•
•
•
that:
A manager has been nominated by the production organisation, and is accountable to the competent authority. His or her responsibility within the organisation shall consist of : Ensuring that all production is performed to the required standards and that the production organization is continuously in compliance with the data and procedures identified in the exposition referred to in point 21.A.143; A person or group of persons have been nominated by the production organization to ensure that the organization is in compliance with the requirements of this Annex I The persons nominated shall be able to show the appropriate knowledge, background and experience to discharge their responsibilities;
Productio n organizations approval for product s subpart G}
,parts and appliances
•
Exposition Producti on Organisation Exposi tion (POE)
•
The POE shall provide the following information:
•
•
(Part 21
–
A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that compiling with POE at all times; The title(s)
names
he will be
, duties and responsibilities of managers
•
An organizational chart showing associated chains of responsibility
•
A list of certifying staff
•
A general description of man-power resources;
•
A general description of the facilities located at each address specified in the production organization's certificate of approval;
•
Scope of work relevant to the terms of approval;
•
The procedure for the
•
The amendment procedure for the production organisation exposition;
organizational changes to the competent authority;
•
A description of the quality system and the procedures
•
A list of those outside parties.
Design, organizations approval (Part 21 subpart J) Part 21- Subpart J -D0A-Scop e and p rivi leges •
The DOA shall be entitled to perform design activities under its scope of approval Part 21 subpart J.
•
The DOA can approve minor changes to type design and minor repairs, and classify changes to the type design and repairs {major or minor).
•
The DOA can approve and issue minor revisions to the AFM ( Aircraft Flight Manual )and supplements, approve the design of major repairs to products or APU for which it holds the TC (Type Certificate) or the STC (Supplemental Type Certificate ) or ETSO (European Tech Standard Order ) authorization.
•
The DOA can approve the conditions under which a permit to flight can be issued in accordance with Part 21.
The DOA can issue a permit to fly in .accordance with Part 21 for an aircraft it has designed or modified. Part 21- Subrpart J -DOA- Design assurance system •
•
The design organizations shall demonstrate that it has established and is. able to maintain a design assurance system for the control and supervision of the design.
•
Chief executive should provide the necessary resources
•
Compliance verification engineers:
•
- Signing of the compliance documents
•
-Approval of the technical contents of the manuals like AFM CMR ,MMEL
•
Office of airworthiness:
•
- Liaison with the agency
•
-. Approval of classification of changes and granting approval for minor changes
•
- Monitoring of events
•
Quality assurance
•
Independent
system:
monitoring
and checking
EASA certi fic ation speci fications CS-23, 25, 27, 29 •
Part 21-Certification Specification (CS) Iist
•
The Agency shall issue Regulation airworthiness codes, or Certification specification.
•
Such codes shall be sufficiently detailed
•
The CS defines the technical requirements for the approval of retail products .
•
Each CS is structured as follows:
•
1. Book 1: Codes of Airworthiness .
•
2. Book 2: AMC and GM to the applicable requirements of CS.
and specific .
EASA certi fic ation speci fications CS-23, 25, 27, 29 •
Airwor thiness Codes Or Cert if ication Speci fi cat ion Stand ards
•
CS 23 NORMAL. UTILITY. AEROBATIC & COMMUTER AEROPLANES
•
CS 25 LARGE AEROPLANES
•
C2 27 SMALL ROTORCRAFT
•
CS 29 LARGE ROTORCRAFT
•
CS 31 HB HOT AIR BALLOONS
•
CS 34 AIRCRAFT ENGINE EMISSION AN FUEL VENTING
•
CS 36 AIRCRAFT NOSE
•
CS APU AUXfLIARV POWER UNITS
•
CS AWO All. WEATHER OPERATIONS
•
CS.. D&FINITIONS & ASIR&VIATCONS
•
CS- EENGINES
•
CS ETSO EUROPEAN TECHNlCAL STAINIOARD ORDERS
•
CS.P PROPELLERS
•
CS· VLA VERY LIGHT AEROPlANES
•
CS-VLR VERY LIGHT ROTORCRAFT
Subpart H Certif icate of Airworthiness, restric ted certific ates of airwo rthiness and permit to fly •
The Certificate of .Airworthiness, restricted certificates of airworthiness and permit to fly issuing regulation are as follows:.
•
1. Part 21 Subpart H-Certificate of airworthiness and restricted certificates of airworthiness
•
2. Part 21 Subpart P'- Permit to fly.
•
An airworthiness certificate shall be issued for an unlimited duration.
•
The Certificate of Airworthiness. must be accessible and stored with other airworthiness certificate in the cockpit.
•
Permits. to fly shall be issued i to aircrafts.
•
a. Development
•
b. Showing compliance with regulations or certification specifications.
•
c. Production flight testing of new production aircraft
•
d. Flying the aircraft for customer acceptance
•
e. Flying the aircraft for Authority acceptance
•
f. Flying the aircraft to a location where maintenance or airworthiness review are to be performed, or to a place of storage
According to the following
purposes.:
Certif icate of registration •
The certificate of registration must be accessible and stored with other airworthiness certificates in the cockpit.
•
Each aircraft must have its own aircraft registration based on rules and regulation or the respective country the registration.
Subpart I Noise certifi cate •
Any person whose name an aircraft is registered or wiIl be registered shall be eligible as an applicant for a noise certificate
•
An application for a noise certificate shall
include:
•
1. New aircraft: A statement of conformity, the noise information determined in accordance with the applicable noise requirements.
•
2. Used aircraft: The noise information determined in accordance with the applicable noise requirements, historical records to establish the production., modification, and maintenance standard of the aircraft.
•
The statements of conformity shall be issued no more than 60 days before presentation of the aircraft to the competent authority of the Member State of registry.
•
A noise certificate may be amended or modified only by the competent authority of the Member State of registry where ownership of an aircraft has changed:
•
a) lf the aircraft remains on the same register, the noise certificate shall be transferred together with the aircraft
•
b) if the aircraft moves to the register of another Member State, the noise certificate shall be issued upon presentation of the former noise certificate.
Other documentation weight sc hedule and radio station l icense and app roval •
The operations manual, specify the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and balance system that meet the requirements of current OPS regulation.
•
The system must cover all types of intended operations.
•
Any weight change has to be recorded and registered in the weight and balance sheet of the aircraft.
•
A scheduled aircraft weighing has to be established.
•
For every flight a weight calculation {load sheet) must be performed and signed 'by the pilot.
•
The aircraft Radio station license must be accessible and stored with other airworthiness certificates in the cockpit.
Chapter 10.6 Annex I Part M: Conti nuing Ai rwor thiness requirements Introduction •
In Europe, Aircraft Maintenance Organizations have to comply with the Annex I (Part M) of the Regulations document (EC) 2042/2003,
•
The Regulations specifies the conditions to be met by the persons or organizations involved in such continuing airworthiness management.
•
Maintenance organization approval for non commercial and/or small aircraft is treated in subpart F of part M
•
Maintenance of large aircraft, aircraft used for commercial air transport and components thereof shall be carried out by a Part-145 approved maintenance organization. In this case, maintenance organizations have to comply to the Annex II Part 145: Maintenance Organisation certification.
•
Part 145 gives to maintenance organizations the privilege to carry out maintenance, and the subsequent release to service, of large aircraft or of aircraft used for commercial air transport, as well as engines and components installed on them.
Part M Section A - subp art F - Maintenance Organis ations This subpart includes the following topics: 1. The scope (M.A.601) 2. The application (M.A.602) 3. The extent of approval (M.A.603) 4. The maintenance organization manual (M. A .604) 5. The facilities (M.A.605) 6. The personal requirements (M.A.606) 7. The certifying staff(M.A.607) 8.The components, equipment and tools (M.A.608) 9. The maintenance data (M.A.609) 10. The maintenance work orders (M.A.610) 11. The maintenance standards (M.A.611) 12. The aircraft certificate or release to service (M.A.612) 13. The component certificate of release to service (M.A.613) 14. The maintenance records(M.A.614) 15. The privileges of the organization(M.A.615) 16. The organizational review(M.A.616) 17. The changes to the approved maintenance organization (M.A.617) 18. The continued validity of approval (M.A.618) 19. The findings(M.A.619) •
•
The maintenance organization manual (or Maint Organization Exposition ) has to provide the following information:
•
1. A statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organization will continuously work in accordance with Part-M and the MOE manual at all times
•
2. The organisation's scope of work
•
3. The title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in M.A.6o6(b)
•
4. An organization chart showing associated chains of responsibility between the person(s) referred to in M.A .6o6(b)
•
5. A list of certifying staff with their scope of approval
•
6.A list of locations where maintenance is carried out, together with a general description of the facilities'
•
7 Procedures specifying how the maintenance organization ensures compliance with this Part.
•
8. The maintenance organization manual amendment procedure(s) ..
•
The extent of maintenance records can be summarized as follow:
•
The approved maintenance organisation shall record all details of work carried out.
•
Records necessary to prove all requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service including the sub-contractor's release documents shall be retained.
•
The approved maintenance organisation shall provide a copy of each certificate of
release to service to the aircraft owner, together with a copy of any specific approved repair/modification data used for repairs/modifications carried out •
The approved maintenance organization shall retain a copy of all maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for three years from the date the aircraft or aircraft component to 'Which the work relates was released from the approved maintenance organization.
Continuing Airworthiness •
Continuing airworthiness ensurs that, all aircraft comply with the airworthiness requirements and are in a condition for safe operation.
•
No aircraft may be operated unless in airworthy condition
•
Two conditions must be met before an aircraft can be consider airworthy":
•
1.. The aircraft conforms to type design.
•
2. The aircraft is in condition for safe operation.
•
The first condition is achieved when proper components are installed, in accordance with with drawings, specifications and other data that are part of the Type Certificate,
•
The second condition is refers to the condition of the aircraft with and deterioration that occurs during its operative life.
relation to wear
Continuing airworthiness includes, eight basic requirements: •
1. Design cri teria, that provide the necessary accessibility for inspection and let the use of established processes and practices for the accomplishment of maintenance.
•
2. Maintenance requirements , that involves the preparation by the organization responsible for the type design of the specifications methods, procedures and tasks necessary to maintain the aircraft and publication of this information in a format that can be readily adapted for use by an operator.
•
3. Company Maintenance Progr ammed (CMP), as seen as the adoption by each operator of specifications, methods, procedures and tasks using the information provided by the organization responsible for the type design, and preparing that material in the form of a maintenance programme suitable for its operation.
•
4. Reporting reporting of defects and other significant maintenance and operational information by the operator to the organization responsible for the type design
•
5. Defect analysis and rectif ication , The analysis. of defect, accident and other maintenance and operational information by the organization responsible for the type design, the State of Design and the State of Registry and the initiation and transmission of information and recommended or mandatory action to be taken in
response to that analyze •
6. Local compliance, that oblige the operator to review all service information and take appropriate action
•
7. Compliance with life limits , that is the accomplishment by the operator of an mandatory requirements concerning the aircraft with particular reference to fatigue life limits and any special tests or inspections required by the certification process or subsequently found necessary to ensure structural integrity
•
8. Compliance with Struct ural ins pection Program (SIP), with preparatiion of and compliance with Supplemental Structural inspection Programmes and subsequent requirements related to aging aircraft.
Initial Airworthi ness; (Part-21 provis ions) related to continui ng airworthi ness •
The continuing airworthiness functions, shall be performed in accordance · with the provisions of Annex I to the Basic Regulation and Annex Part 21 to Commission Regulation (EC) No. 748/2012 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, in particular its.paragraphs,. 21.A.3 (Failures , Malfuncions and defect ) and 21.A.3B (Airworthiness Directives ), and the related Acceptable e Means of Compliance ("AMC") and Guidance Material 'GM").
•
ADs, are issued by EASA, The dissemination of airworthiness directives to aircraft owners is a responsibility of the State of Registry and does not belong to the Agency.
•
If an aircraft has outstanding airworthiness directives that !have not been complied with, the aircraft is not considered airworthy.
Annex I (Part M) of t he Regulat ions document (EC) 2042/2003, Part M - General description •
In Europe, Aircraft Maintenance Organizations have to comply with the Annex I (Part M) of the Regulations document (EC) 2042/2003, which concerns the ,measures to be taken to ensure that airworthiness is maintained, including maintenance.
•
It also specifies the conditions to be met by the persons or organizations involved in such continuing airworthiness management
•
•
•
1. Registered in a EASA Member State
•
2. Registered in a third country and used by an operator for which a Member State ensures oversight of operations.
This regulation establishes common Technical requirements and administrative procedures for ensuring the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, including any component for installation which are:
Part M - Structure and purpose •
Part M is structured in two sections:
•
Sectio n A: contains the technical requirement's that must be satisfied for the personnel and the organizations (JORAMCO , ADAT etc ),
•
Sectio n B: contains, the procedures that must be followed by competent authorities ( DGCA )
•
Both
•
1. Subpart A - General
•
2. Subpart B- Accountability
•
3. Subpart C Continuing Airworthiness
•
4. Subpart D -Maintenance Standards
•
5. Subpart E-Components
•
6. Subpart F - Maintenance Organisation.
•
7. Subpart G -Continuing Airworthiness Management Organsation (CAMO)
•
8. Subpart H - Certificate of Release to Service (CRS)
•
g. Subpart 1-Aiworthmness Review Certificate
Section A and section B are divided in subparts that define specific topics:
The Part-M also includes eight
appendixes as follow:
•
1. Appendi x I: Continuing Airworthiness Arrangement
•
2. Appendi x II: Authorized Release Certificate- EASA Form 1
•
3. Appendi x Ill: Airworthiness Review Certificate- EASA Form 15
•
4 Appendi x IV: · Class and Ratings System used for the Approval of Maintenance Organizations referred to in Annex I (Part-M) Subpart F and in Annex II (Part-145)
•
5. Appendi x V: Maintenance Organization Approval referred to in Annex I (Part -M)Subpart F
•
6. Appendi x VI Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation Approval referred to in Annex I (Part-M) Subpart G
•
7. AppendixVII: Complex Maintenance Tasks
•
8. Appendi xVIII: Limited Pilot Owner Maintenance.
Part M Section A - subpart A/B - General/Accountability •
Part M Sectio n A- subpart A-General
•
This Section (M.A.101) establishes the measures to be taken to ensure that airworthiness is maintained, including maintenance.
•
It also specifies the conditions to be met by the persons or organizations involved in such continuing airworthiness management.
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Part M Sectio n A- subpart B-Accountabili ty
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This subpart includes the following topics:
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1. The responsibilities' of the owner for the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft (M.A.201)
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2. The related occurrence reporting {M.A.202).
Part M Sectio n A - subpart C - Contin uing Airwor thin ess •
An owner or operator shall
keep the following records for the periods specified:
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1. All detailed maintenance records in respect of the aircraft and any service life limited component fitted thereto, not less than 36 months (3 Years ) after the aircraft or component has been released to service.
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.2. The total time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) of the aircraft and all service life-limited components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service
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3. The time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) as appropriate, since last scheduled maintenance of the component subjected to a service life limit,
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4. The current status of compliance with maintenance programme
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5.
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6. Details of current modifications and repairs to the aircraft, engine(s), propeller(s) and any other component vital to flight safety, at least 12 months after they have been permanently withdrawn from service
The current status of airworthiness directives applicable to the aircraft and components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service
Part M Sectic ion A - subpart C - Continuing Airwo rthi ness An aircraft technical log system shall contain the following information for each aircraft: •
1. Information about each flight, necessary to ensure continued flight safety
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2. The current aircraft certificate of release to service.
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3. The current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status of what scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due except that the competent authority may agree to the maintenance statement being kept elsewhere,
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4. All outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the operation of the aircraft.
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5. Any necessary guidance instructions on maintenance support arrangements.
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6. An operator shall ensure that the aircraft technical log is retained for 36 months after the date of the last entry.
Part M Section - subpart D/E/F - Maintenance Standards/ Components/Maintenance Organization Part M Sectio n A - subpart D - Maintenance Standards •
1. The maintenance data (M.A.401)
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2. The performance of maintenance (M.A.402)
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3. The aircraft defects (M.A.403).
Part M Section A - subp art E - Comp onents •
1. The installation (M.A.501)
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2. The component maintenance (M.A.502)
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3. The service life limited components (M.A. 50:3)
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4. The control of unserviceably components (MI.A.504).
Part M Secti1on A - sub part F - Maintenance Organizatio n The scope of this Subpart is to establish the requirements to be met by an organization to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components not listed in point M.A. 201(9). Part M Section A - subpart G - Continuing Airworthiness Management •
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This regulation concerns the management of continuing airworthiness of EASA aircraft. Approved 0rganisations can make recommendations to a competent authority that an Airworthiness Review Certificate (EASA Form 15a) may be issued or extend an Airworthiness Review Certificate (EASA Form 15b) under the terms of their approval.
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An· application for issue or change of a continuing airworthiness management organization · approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the competent authority using the EASA Form 2.
s545.10 Maintenance Organization Exposition (manual)
Part M Sectio n A - subpart G - Continui ng Airwort hiness Management Organization •
The organization shall appoint an accountable manager, who has corporate authority for ensuring that at all continuing airworthiness management .activities can be financed and carried out in accordance with this Part.
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For commercial air transport the accountable manager shall be the person who also has corporate authority for ensuring that all the operations of the operator can be financed and carried out to the standard required for the issue of an air operator's certificate
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A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of ensuring that the organization is always in compliance with this Subpart . Such person(s) shall be responsible to the accountable manager
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The accountable manager shall designate a nominated post holder. This person shall be responsible for the management and supervision of continuing airworthiness activities, pursuant to paragraph (c)
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The nominated post holder shall not be employed by a Part- 145 approved organization under contract to the operator, unless specifically agreed by the competent authority
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The organization shall have sufficient appropriately qualified staff for the expected work•
Part M Sectio n A - subpart G - Continui ng Airwort hiness Management Organization •
The nominated persons shall be able to show relevant knowledge, background and a appropriate experience related to aircraft continuing airworthiness
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The qualification of all personnel involved in continuing airworthiness management shall be recorded.
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For organizations extending airworthiness review certificates,the organization shall nominate persons authorized to do so subject to approval by the competent authority
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The organization shall define and keep updated in the continuing airworthiness management exposition the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to
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The organization shall establish and control the competence of personnel involved in the continuing airworthiness management , airworthiness review and/or quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed by the competent authority.
