M 10 PIA Aviation Legislation

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AVIATION LEGISLATION

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Sub Module 1 -

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Sub Module 2 -

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE

Sub Module 3 -

APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS

Sub Module 4 -

OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT

Sub Module 5 -

AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION

Sub Module 6 -

PART - M

Sub Module 7 -

APPLICABLE NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Sub Module 8 -

NATIONAL REGULATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS

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Sub Module 1 - Regulatory Framework

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Record of Revisions

Sub module


Rev. No.

Page 8lock

Rev. Date


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Sub Module 1

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK



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HISTORY OF AIRPLANES

Human Dream to fly comes true


Important Dates in Airplane Development

C.1500 1783

For thousands of years people dreamed to fly in the air like birds do. Some even tried to fly by tying feathers to their arms and flapping them in air but in vain and had to face fatal consequences. Most of them thought that flying was beyond the powers of ordinary people. Some narrated stories of godlike people who could fly or be carried by winged animals through the air. The ancient Greek believed in a story about "Daedal us" and his son "Lcarus" both of whom flew with wings made of feathers and wax. But "Lcarus" flew too close to the sun and the solar heat melted his wings and he fell into the sea and drowned.

1804 1843

1848 1891-96 1896 1903 1906 1909 1913 1915 1924

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Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci made drawing of flying machines with flapping wings Two Frenchmen Jean F. Pilatre de Rezier and Marquis D Arlandes made the first free lighter than air ascent in a hot air ballon Sir Geoge Caley of Great Britain flew the first successful model glider William S.Henson a british inventor patented plans for a steam driven airplane that had many of the basic parts of a modern plane John String fellow of England built a small model based on Hensons plane Otto Lilienthal a German became the first person to successfully pilot gliders in flight Samuel P. Langley of US flew a steam powered model plane Orville and Wilber Wright of U.S made the first Engine powerd heavier than air flights Trajan Vula a Romanian inventor built the full sized monoplane but it could not fly Lois Bteriot of France became the first person to fly across English Channel Igor I. Sikorsky of Russia built and flew the first four engine plane First flight of an all metal cantilever wing plane the Junker J-1 took place in Germany The first all metal trimotor transport the Junkers G-3 was test flown in Germany


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1927 1936 1939 1942

1947 1952 1953 1953 1958 1968 1970 1976

The Lockheed Vega a single engine transport aircraft flew for the first time Douglas DC-3 transport planes entered airline service in the U.S First successful flight of a jet engine took place in Germany Bell aircraft company built the first jet airplane in the U.S and it was flown by Robert M. Stainley at Muroc Dry Lake California Charles Yeager a U.S Airforce Captain made the first supersonic flight in Bell X-I De-Havilland comets the first large commercial jetliner began service The first turbo prop transport the Vickers Viscount began regular airline service The North American F100 Super Sabre Jet Fighter made the first supersonic flight by a jet plane The Boeing 707 began jet transport service between United States and Europe Russian pilots test flew the world's first supersonic transport plane TU-144 The first Jumbo jet the Boeing 747 entered airline service Concorde a supersonic transport airplane built by Britain and France began service


HISTORY of AVIATION LEGISLATION Aviation Legislation It is the term used to define the process through which laws relating to all areas of the civil aviation industry are brought into force Need for Aviation Legislation It already became clear in the early years of the civil aviation industry that transportation of passengers and goods with aircraft always involve a certain amount of risk and danger inherent in aviation. Therefore local and later on international lawmaking was inevitable and problems faced by the world wide expanding civil aviation demanded the need for generally accepted standards of safety to be recognized and enforced. Airlines throughout the world have strong incentives to maintain high standards of safety. Loss of passenger and cargo trade and increase in insurance rates that nay airline which compromises on safety standards has little chances of survival Rules and regulations were worked out for the following reasons: • • •


Protection of people on the ground Protection of passengers and cargo Protection of cockpit and cabin crew


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• •

AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 1 - Regulatory Framework

Standardization of activities within the civil aviation industry world wide Ensure safe airworthy and reliable civil aircraft operation



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REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ROLE OF INTERNATIONL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION • 1.1.1 • • •

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Introduction and History of ICAO In 1889 First International Conference was held in Paris to establish some generally accepted form of Air Law. No real progress till First World War. In 1914 UK Aeronautical Inspection Directorate (AID) was formed to ensure high standards of inspection throughout Aircraft industry. In 1918 UK Air Ministry was formed and control of AID was transferred to this Ministry. In 1919 International Convention for Aerial Navigation (ICAN) took place in Paris which made a number of definitions and classifications like Private & state Aircraft. In 1919 Air operator on realizing international cooperation established International Air Traffic Association. In 1929 International Conference on private air law was held commonly known as Warsaw Convention overcoming the difficulties of selecting the law of which nation would be applicable in a given set of circumstances. In November 1944 52 nations sent representative to an International Civil aviation convention at Chicago. In this convention principles and arrangements were setup on International air rights. Pending ratification of the convention


•

•

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by 26 states the Provisional International Civil aviation Organization (PICAO) was established. It functioned from 6 June 1945 until 4 April 1947. In 1945, International Air Transport Association (IATA) was created by an act of Canadian Parliament and replaces International Air Traffic Association. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) a specialized agency of the United Nations was created with the signing in Chicago on 7th December 1944 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation. ICAO is the permanent body and formed in April 1947 and is charged with the administration of the principles laid out in the Convention. Chicago convention is the constitution of ICAO. Currently there are 190 contracting states out of 192 UN member states ( two remaining UN member states which are not ICAO member states include Liechtenstein and Tuvalu) PCAA is a member of ICAO ICAO works in close co-operation with other members of the United Nations family such as o the World Meteorological Organization o the International Telecommunication Union o o o

the Universal Postal Union the World Health Organization and The International Maritime Organization.


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•

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Non-governmental organizations which also participate in ICAO's work include o the International Air Transport Association o the Airports Council International o the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations and o The International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations. Currently there are 192 UN member states

Sub Module 1 - Regulatory Framework •

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1.1.2 • •

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The Chicago Convention The Second World War was a powerful catalyst for the technical development of the aero plane. At that time a vast network of passenger and freight carriage was set up but in order for air transport to support and benefit a world at peace there were many obstacles both political and technical to overcome. In the early days of 1944 the Government of the United States conducted exploratory discussions with other allied nations to develop an effective strategy. On the basis of these talks 52 States met in Chicago in November 1944. For five weeks the delegates considered the myriad issues of international civil aviation. The outcome was the Convention on International Civil Aviation also referred to as the Chicago Convention.


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1.1.3 •

At the Chicago talks it was agreed that the Convention would only come into force thirty days after its ratification by a 26th State. In the interim a provisional ICAO (PICAO) was formed and given advisory powers with instructions to lay the foundation for an international organization devoted to the needs of civil aviation. The Chicago Convention entered in force on 4 April 1947 and 1CAO was formed. The 96 articles of the Chicago Convention establish the privileges and restrictions of all Contracting States and provide for the adoption of International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) regulating international air transport. The Convention accepts the principle that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory and provides that no scheduled international air service may operate over or into the territory of a Contracting State without its previous consent.

Aims and Objectives of ICAO The aims and objectives of ICAO as contained in Article 44 of the Chicago Convention are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport so as to: For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Y insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation throughout the world; Y encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful purposes; Y encourage the development of airways airports and air navigation facilities for international civil aviation; Y meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe regular efficient and economical air transport; Y prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition; Y insure that the rights of Contracting States are fully respected and that every Contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international airlines; Y avoid discrimination between Contracting States; Y promote safety of flight in international air navigation; Y Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics.


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State

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Contracting States have usually established a Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) within their country as the regulatory body in the field of civil aviation primarily dealing with safety issues and responsible for the regulation of air transport services to/from/within the country and for the enforcement of civil air regulations air safety and airworthiness standards.

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It co-ordinates all regulatory functions with ICAO by taking the policy decisions necessitated by the advances made in the field of International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) adopted in the ICAO Annexes.

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The CAAs are headed by the Director General of Civil Aviation (DGCA); depending on the structure of the states.

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The CAAs may take other names such as the Directorate General of Civil Aviation or are established under the Ministry of Transportation.

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ICAO communicates with its Contracting States through the DGCAs by the means of State Letters. DGCAs and their experts participate in ICAO meetings and follow-up action thereon.

members the International Civil Aviation of Organization (ICAO) are also named Contracting States (Article 1 of the Chicago Convention) or Members States.

1.1.4 The Organization 1.1.4.1 •

Contracting States

According to Article 52 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation also named Chicago Convention this Convention shall be open for adherence by members of the United Nations and States associated with them.



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•

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1.1.4.2

At ICAO DGCAs meet for high-level discussions or strategies in the field of aviation either during Assembly Sessions or subject-dedicated conferences. The three main organs of ICAO are the assembly the council and the secretariat headed by the Secretary General ICAO has a sovereign body the Assembly and a governing body the Council.

The Assembly

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Meets at least once every three years and is convened by the Council.

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Each Contracting State is entitled to one vote and decisions of the Assembly are taken by a majority of the votes cast except when otherwise provided for in the Convention.

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1.1.4.3 •

At these sessions the complete work of the Organization in the technical economic legal and technical cooperation fields is reviewed in detail and guidance is given to the other bodies of ICAO for their future work. The Council is a permanent body responsible to the Assembly.



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is composed of representatives from 36 Contracting States elected by the Assembly for a three-year term.

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According to Article 51 the council shall elect its President for a period of three years. He may be reelected also.

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The council shall elect amongst its members one or more Vice Presidents.

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In the election adequate representation is given to States of chief importance in air transport States not otherwise included which make the largest contribution to the provision of facilities for civil air navigation and States not otherwise included whose designation will ensure that all the major geographic areas of the world are represented on the Council.

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One of the major duties of the Council is to adopt International Standards and Recommended Practices and to incorporate these as Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.

A Standard is any specification whose uniform application is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation and to which Contracting States will conform in accordance with the Convention.


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A Recommended Practice is any specification whose uniform application is recognized as desirable for the safety, regularity or efficiency of international air navigation. ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices are detailed in Annexes (total 19) to the Chicago Convention that cover all aspects of international civil aviation. Although the Council is responsible for the adoption of SARPs and the approval of Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS), the principal body concerned with their development is the /CAO Air Navigation Commission. 1.1.4.4

Air Navigation Commission

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is composed of 19 persons qualified and experienced in the science and practice of aeronautics.

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Its members are nominated by Contracting States and are appointed by the Council.

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They act in their personal expert capacity and not as representatives of their nominators.

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The Commission is assisted by small groups of experts nominated by Contracting States and international organizations and approved by the Commission.



1.1.4.5 Secretariat •

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Administrative body of the organization is the Secretariat. The council appoints the Secretary General. The Secretary General appoints the staff of the ICAO secretariat and supervises and directs its activities. There are 05 bureaus, working under the Secretary General ICAO. They are: Y Air Navigation Bureau Y Air Transport Bureau

(ANB) (ATB)

Y Technical Cooperation Bureau (TCB) Y Bureau of administration and service (ADB) Y Legal Affairs and External Relations Bureau

(LEB)


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1.1.4.6 Regions and regional offices 1.1.4.7 ICAO PU8LICATIONS • • • • • • • • •

ICAO World Headquarters Montreal, Canada

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The ICAO has seven regional offices serving nine regions:

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1. Asia and Pacific, 8angkok, Thailand (APAC) www.icao.int/apac 2. Middle East Cairo Egypt 3. Western and Central Africa Dakar Senegal 4. South America Lima Peru 5. North America Central America and Caribbean Mexico City Mexico. 6. Eastern and Southern Africa Nairobi Kenya 7. Europe and North Atlantic Paris France


ICAO field manuals Procedure for Air Navigation Services (PANS) Air Navigation Plan ICAO Annexes Technical Manuals Regional Supplementary Procedures ICAO circulars Aircraft Type Designators Aviation Training Directory ICAO Doc Series ICAO Journal ICAO MRTD Report ICAO Regional Reports Miscellaneous Publications

1.1.4.8 Web link for ICAO •

Visit www.icao.int for more details


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1.1.4.9 National Aviation Authorities

Lithuania

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Civil Aviation Administration

Luxemburg

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Le Gouvernement Luxembourg

Malta

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Department of Civil Aviation

Poland

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Civil Aviation Office Ministry of Infrastructure

Portugal

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Instituto Nacional de Aviar;ao Civil

Slovak Republic

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Ministry of Transport Telecommunications/Directorate Civil Aviation Civil Aviation Authority

Slovenia

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Ministry of Transport Civil Aviation Authority

Spain

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Ministerio de Fomento - Aviaci6n Civil

Sweden

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The Netherlands

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fur Verkehr Bau und Wohnungswesen Luftfahrt-Bundesamt

Luftfartsstyrelsen Authority)

IVW - Luchtvaart- technische bedrijven (NL)/ IVW - Air - Airworthiness (EN)

Greece

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Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority

Hungary

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United Kingdom

PLA Polgari Legikozlekedesi Hat6sag- Civil Aviation Authority Hungary

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Department for Transport Civil Aviation Authority

Ireland

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Department of Transport Irish Aviation Authority

Italy

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Ente Nazionale per l'Aviazione Civile

Austria

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Belgium

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Bundesministerium fur Verkehr Innovation und Technologie Austrocontrol

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Service Public Federal Mobilite et Transports Direction Generale Transport Aerien Federale Overheidsdienst Mobiliteit en Vervoer

Czech Republic

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Civil Aviation Authority Ministry of Transport

Denmark

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Statens Luftfartsvaesen (CAA - DK)

Estonia

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Estonian Civil Aviation Administration : Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications

Finland

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CAA Finland

France

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Direction Generale de l'Aviation Civile

Germany

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Bundesminister

Latvia

du

Grand-Duche

(Swedish

Posts General

Civil

de

& of

Aviation

Not yet added

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1.2

Role of the Pakistan CAA & General Understanding of Civil Aviation Regulations:

1.2.1

Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority

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Civil aviation activities in Pakistan started immediately after independence in 1947 under civil Aircraft Rules 1937 but no formal orders or ordinance was issued neither any particular legislation took place until 1960.

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In 1960 the first legal step was taken and President of Pakistan promulgated an ordinance (No. XXXII of 1960) known as the Civil Aviation Ordinance 1960 Quote "to make better provisions for the control manufacture possession use operation sale import and export of aircraft the control and regulation of Air Transport Services and the control and development of Aerodromes in Pakistan". This was the first legal step taken.

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A committee was formed by the Government of Pakistan in1976 to draft rules for the regulation of Air Transport in Pakistan.

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As a result of these a set of Rules known as the "Civil Aviation Rules 1978" were formulated and later promulgated in January 1979.



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The Pakistan Civil Aviation Ordinance 1982 has replaced the erstwhile Department of Civil Aviation with a semi autonomous body known as the Civil Aviation Authority (C.A.A.).

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As from 7th December, 1982 the Aeronautical Inspection Directorate and its functions have been transferred to Airworthiness Directorate of the Civil Aviation Authority and all applications and enquiries hitherto addressed to A.I.D.

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Head Office should be addressed to HQs Civil Aviation Authority Airworthiness Directorate JIAP Karachi. Latest Revision of AWNOT No. 31 provides details of all PCAA Airworthiness field offices.

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The Pakistan CAA is a semi-autonomous body the general direction and administration of the Authority and its affairs are vested in a board which exercises all powers and performs all functions and does all acts which are exercised/performed or done by the authority.



1.2.1.1 • •

1.2.1.2


Mission of PCAA Be a world-class service provider in the aviation industry. Provide safe secure and efficient best-in-class aviation services to the stakeholders Functions of PCAA

• Licensing of airlines • Licensing of pilots flight engineers navigators flight operation officers air traffic controllers and aircraft maintenance engineer • Certification of Airworthiness/ registration of aircraft • Provisions of air traffic control/navigational facilities • Maintenance of airports and runways • Provision of fire extinguishing and rescue facilities • Fixation of domestic tariff • Assists IATA in fixation of International tariff • Make bilateral agreements • The authority is responsible for promotion regulation and control of civil aviation activities in Pakistan • The authority should from time to time prepare five year plan for the approval of federal government for the development of infrastructure for safe efficient economical and properly coordinated air transport service in Pakistan



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1.2.1.3


Organ gram of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority

Director General PCAA

Deputy Director General PCAA

Principal Director Regulatory

Principal Director Air Navigation

GM Medical Mgmt

Director Flight Stds

GM Licensing

Director Airworthiness

Controller of A/W (South)


G.M Engineering

G.M Regulatory

Principal Director Airports

Controller of A/W (LHE)

G.M Audit / Surveillance

Controller of A/W (North)


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1.2.1.4 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 1.2.1.5


Various Directorates of PCAA

Flight Standards Personnel Licensing Airworthiness Air Transport Flight Inspection Unit

Y Scrutiny of AME license examination/P.C application and providing AME license and P.C Y Inspection of storage refueling and other approved companies for compliance with laid down requirements Y Monitor company approval examination 1.2.1.6

Responsibilities

of

Airworthiness

Airworthiness Directorate and their functions •

• •

Duties and Directorate

Airworthiness Directorate is headed by Director Airworthiness.

Duties and Responsibilities Airworthiness Directorate include

associated

with

the

Responsibilities associated w.r.t Airworthiness Directorate are as follows

Y Monitoring of SBs and ADs Y Investigation of defects/delays as well as accidents/incidents (on request of SIB to become part of SIB investigations) and special occurrences Y Inspection and providing renewal related to C of A Y Evaluation and approval of ECO Y Supervision of weigh-ment Y Scrutiny and providing approval of maintenance schedule Y Monitoring of reliability programs hard time on condition and condition monitoring and providing approval for Reliability manual Y Inspections issuing extension and renewal of maintenance organizations approval ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTCICMIAviation LegislationI01 1 - 14

Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Aircraft Registration Airworthiness Certificate Proficiency Certificate Aircraft Maintenance Engineers License Wet Lease Aircraft Clearance Concession grant Engineering Change Order Approval Extended Range Operation Approval Maintenance Program Approval Exposition Manual Approval Reliability Manual Approval Maintenance Schedule Approval


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1.2.2

General understanding of Civil Aviation Regulations


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Article 13: (Entry and Clearance Regulations) A state's laws and regulations regarding the admission and departure of passengers crew or cargo from aircraft shall be complied with on arrival upon departure and whilst within the territory of that state.

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Article 16: The authorities of each state shall have the right to search the aircraft of other states on landing or departure without unreasonable delay.

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Article 24: Aircrafts flying to from or across the territory of a state shall be admitted temporarily free of duty. Fuels Oil spare parts regular equipment and aircraft stores retained on board are also exempt custom duty inspection fees or similar charges.

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Article 29: Before an international flight the pilot in command must ensure that the aircraft is airworthy duly registered and that the relevant certificates are on board the aircraft. The required documents are:

ICAO ANNEXES Some of the principles and applications of Chicago Convention out of 96 articles published in Doc 7300 are: •

Article

1: Every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over airspace above its

territory. •

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•

Article 5: (Non-scheduled flights over State's Territory): The aircraft of states other than scheduled international air services have the right to make flights across state's territories and to make stops without obtaining prior permission. However the state may require the aircraft to make a landing. Article 10: (Landing at customs airports): The state can require that landing to be at a designated customs airport and similarly departure from the territory can be required to be from a designated customs airport. Article 12: Each state shall keep its own rules of the air as uniform as possible with those established under the convention the duty to ensure compliance with these rules rests with the contracting state.


o o o o o o o

Certificate of Registration Certificate of Airworthiness Passenger names place of boarding and destination Crew licenses Journey Logbook Radio License Cargo manifest For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Article 30: The aircraft of a state flying in or over the territory of another state shall only carry radios licensed and used in accordance with the regulations of the state in which the aircraft is registered. The radios may only be used by members of the flight crew suitably licensed by the state in which the aircraft is registered. Article 32: the pilot and crew of every aircraft engaged in international aviation must have certificates of competency and licenses issued or validated by the state in which the aircraft is registered. Article 33: (Recognition of Certificates and Licenses) Certificates of Airworthiness certificates of competency and licenses issued or validated by the state in which the aircraft is registered shall be recognized as valid by other states. The requirements for issue of those Certificates or Airworthiness certificates of competency or licenses must be equal to or above the minimum standards established by the Convention. Article 40: No aircraft or personnel with endorsed licenses or certificate will engage in international navigation except with the permission of the state or states whose territory is entered. Any license holder who does not satisfy international standard relating to that license or certificate shall have attached to or endorsed on that license



information regarding the particulars in which he does not satisfy those standards". The Convention is supported by ninteen annexes containing standards and recommended practices (SARPs). The annexes are amended regularly by ICAO and are as follows and are published in six different languages (English French Spanish Russian Arabic and Chinese) • • •

• • •

• • • •

Annex 1 - Personnel Licensing Annex 2 - Rules of the Air Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Vol I - Core SARPs Vol II - Appendices and Attachments Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts Annex 5 - Units of Measurement to be used in Air and Ground Operations Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft Part I - International Commercial Air Transport - Aero planes Part II - International General Aviation - Aero planes Part III - International Operations - Helicopters Annex 7 - Aircraft Nationality and Registration Marks Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircraft Annex 9 - Facilitation Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications Vol I - Radio Navigation Aids Vol II - Communication Procedures including those with For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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• • • •

• •

• • •

PANS status Vol III - Communication Systems Part I - Digital Data Communication Systems Part II - Voice Communication Systems Vol IV - Surveillance Radar and Collision Avoidance Systems Vol V - Aeronautical Radio Frequency Spectrum Utilization Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services - Air Traffic Control Service Flight Information Service and Alerting Service Annex 12 - Search and Rescue Annex 13 - Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation Annex 14 - Aerodromes Vol I - Aerodrome Design and Operations Vol II - Heliports Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services Annex 16 - Environmental Protection Vol I - Aircraft Noise Vol II - Aircraft Engine Emissions Annex 17 - Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference Annex 18 - The Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air Annex 19 - Safety Management System (SMS).



1.3

The Role of the European Aviation Safety Agency

1.3.1

European Aviation Safety Agency EASA

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EASA is an agency of the European Union (EU) with offices in Cologne, Germany which has been given regulatory and executive tasks in the field of civilian aviation safety. It was created on 28 September 2003 and it reached full functionality in 2008 taking over functions of the JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities)

Web site www.easa.europa.eu


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1.3.2


EASA Organogram 1.3.3


The Role of EASA in Legislation

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EASA contributes to the production of all European Union legislation related to the regulation of civil aviation safety and environmental compatibility.

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It submits opinions to the European Union Commission and must be consulted by the Commission on all legislative proposals in this field.

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Its experts have direct contact with all relevant organizations and authorities and it makes use of the knowledge available within industry and national administrations across the European Union.

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EASA in consultation with its stakeholders adopts also socalled 'soft rules'.

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These are non-binding standards specifications and guidance material to assist in the consistent application of European Union legislation across the European Union.

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Where Community law is implemented at Member State level EASA assists the Commission in overseeing its effective application and its uniform understanding.


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This ensures that the necessary standards are therefore being developed and maintained properly uniformly and consistently across the European Union.

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Therefore EASA conducts inspections of undertakings as well as national authorities throughout the European Union both to monitor the application of European Union rules on aviation safety and to assess the effectiveness of these rules.

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EASA also provides technical training which is essential to achieve overall consistency and high-level standards.

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EASA is an independent legal entity set up by the European Union.

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EASA assists the European Union Commission in preparing European Union legislation on civil aviation safety and environmental compatibility.

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It also develops its own standards (certification specifications and guidance material) to facilitate the implementation of its objectives).

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EASA is responsible for the certification of aeronautical products - aircraft engine parts and appliances - and the organizations that design them to ensure that aircraft are airworthy and meet environmental standards.



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It is also the 'one-stop-shop' for the certification of foreign organizations that manufacture or maintain products used by Community operators.

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Where Community regulation is implemented at Member State level (issuing of individual airworthiness certificates and approvals to production and maintenance organizations and personnel in their territory) EASA assists the Commission in overseeing its effective and uniform application.

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EASA works closely with countries outside the European Union and international organisations in the aviation field to promote European Union safety standards and ensure a high degree of harmonization across the world.

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While the work of EASA focuses on the airworthiness and environmental compatibility of aeronautical products it also will be given additional responsibilities as the scope of Community competences is extended to the regulation of air operations the licensing of flight crew and the oversight of third country aircraft flying in the territory of Member States.

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In the longer term it is also envisaged that EASA will play a role in relation to the safety regulation of airport operation and air traffic management.



1.3.4


Rule Making Regulation Structure




1.3.5


EASA 8asic Regulation: (EC) No 216/2008



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E A S A R e g u la t io n


Y B .R e g 2 1 6 / 2 0 0 8 • 4 c h a p ters • 7 0 A r t ic Ie s • A m e n d e d by R e g u Ia t io n N o . Y 69 0 / 2 0 09 Y 11 0 8 / 2 00 9

Y R e g u Ia t i o n S tru c tu re

(E C ) N o 2 1 6 / 2 0 0 8 Y R e g N o. 1 7 0 2 /2 0 0 3 Y 3 8 1/ 2 0 0 5 Y 7 0 6/ 2 0 0 6 Y 3 3 5/ 2 0 0 7 Y 3 7 5/ 2 0 0 7 Y 2 8 7/ 2 0 0 8 Y 1 0 57 / 2 0 0 8 Y 1 1 94 / 2 0 0 9 Y 7 4 8 / 2 0 1 2 (N e w r e p Ia c in g 1 7 0 2 /2 0 0 3 )


Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

R e g N o . 2 0 4 2 /2 0 0 3 70 7 / 2 0 0 6 37 6 / 2 0 0 7 10 5 6 / 2 0 08 12 7 / 2 0 1 0 96 2 / 2 0 1 0 11 4 9 / 2 0 11 59 3 / 2 0 1 2


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1.3.6.1 1.3.6 •

The Management of European Aviation Safety Agency Control of EASA is ensured through the Management Board which is made up of representatives of each European Union Member State and the European Union Commission.

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The Board adopts the work of EASA work program in cooperation with the European Union Commission.

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It also adopts EASA budget after approval by the European Union Parliament.

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The Management Board appoints the Executive Director who has responsibility for the management of EASA.

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To fulfill its tasks the Board consults with an Advisory Body of Interested Parties (ABIP) representing all aviation stakeholders.

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EASA is made up of four directorates corresponding to its main tasks: Y Rulemaking Y Certification Y Quality Y Standardization


Rulemaking

Y Currently the Basic Regulation establishes Community competence only for the regulation of the airworthiness and environmental compatibility of aeronautical products parts and appliances. Y Work is underway to extend the scope of this regulation to embrace the regulation of pilot licensing air operations and third country aircraft. Y It is envisaged also to extend the scope of the Basic Regulation to the safety regulation of airport operations and air traffic control services. Y With reference to rulemaking activities EASA consults with two bodies:

•

National authorities (the Advisory Group of National Authorities - AGNA). This is a political forum. The UK CAA has one voice in this group but that voice is significantly influential.

•

Stakeholder's representatives (the Safety Standards Consultative Committee - SSCC).



1.3.6.2

Certificatio n Y The new Certification Directorate is responsible for:

•

•

•

1.3.6.3

The management of all applications for design organization approvals the issue of related certificates and their continued monitoring. The management of all applications from non EU countries or from EU country on request of the competent authority of that country for production organization approvals the issue of related certificates and their continued surveillance. The management of all applications from non European Union countries for maintenance and maintenance training organization approvals the issue of related certificates and their continued surveillance.

Quality and Standardization Y Where European Community law is implemented at Member State level the Agency assists the European Commission in overseeing its effective application and its uniform understanding.



Y The necessary standards are therefore being developed and maintained properly uniformly and consistently across the European Union. Y Accordingly EASA conducts inspections of undertakings as well as national authorities throughout the EU both to monitor the application of EU rules on aviation safety and to assess the effectiveness of these rules. Y EASA also provides technical training which is essential to achieve overall consistency and highlevel standards.

Y In addition there is a directorate which deals entirely with administration. Y Each Director reports to the Executive Director.

Y Decisions of EASA which adversely affect a person or organisation may be addressed to the Board of Appeal established specifically for the purpose. Y This Board is an independent body whose decisions may be appealed to the European Union Court of Justice. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Y EASA is bound to implement the decisions of the Board of Appeal and the Court. 1.4 Relationship between Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and EU-OPS

(Brazil) and the Interstate Aviation Committee (Russia) work with EASA to ensure compliance with international standards and to facilitate trade in aeronautical products. Y Accident investigation bodies issue safety recommendations and analysis that guide the agency's safety strategy.

1.4.1 The Relationship 8etween EASA and Other Aviation Authorities 1.4.2 EASA works closely with representatives of other organizations to ensure that the agency takes their views into account:

•

Under the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulation (EC) 1592/2002 it is a legal requirement throughout the member states of the European Union (EU) for aircraft to be maintained by organizations which have been approved to do so by EASA and the approval has been issued and is being supervised on its behalf by the Competent Authority in each member state and by EASA itself in non-member states.

•

In the case of the UK the competent authority is the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). The approval is issued in accordance with Implementing Regulations Part-145 (IR Part-145). As a consequence of this requirement Certifying

Y Interested parties in industry which are subject to rules drafted by EASA are key to ensuring the success of civil aviation safety standards by assisting in the drafting and correct application of European Community and EASA rules; Y European aviation authorities perform a critical role in assisting EASA with the performance of its core rulemaking certification and standardization functions; Y International aviation organizations such as the Joint Aviation Authorities Euro control and the International Civil Aviation Organization work together with EASA to promote international civil aviation standards; Y International aviation authorities such as the Federal Aviation Administration Transport Canada DAC/CTA


The Relationship between Part-66, Part-147 and Part-145

•

Maintenance Engineers and Mechanics who are employed within these maintenance organizations are required in the first instance to be approved to a suitable standard based on education training and experience. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


•

On satisfying the basic requirements Certifying Maintenance Engineers and Mechanics are granted a license by the relevant competent authority in accordance with Implementing Regulations Part-66 (IR Part-66).

•

As they accumulate experience and undertake aircraft and equipment type and task training then this is reflected on their individual licenses and in the scope of work which they are approved to carry out. In order to obtain the elements of basic training necessary for the granting of an IR Part-66 license and to take the necessary examinations which provide the evidence of conformity for the issue of a Part-66 license organizations have been set up in accordance with Implementing Regulations Part-147 (IR Part-147) these organizations are approved to provide the basic training conversion of license training and aircraft and equipment type training depending on the specification of each IR Part-147 training organization approval.

•



1.4.3 Relationship b/w EASA Part 21, Part M, Part 145, Part 66, Part 147 & EU-OPS


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Sub Module 2 - Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License

Sub Module 2

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE

ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2-1



AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 2 - Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License





Detailed Understanding of ANO 066 and EASA Part-66


Chapter 3: Guidance Material to ANO-066 (Section A: Technical Requirements)*

FOREWORD

1. The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) members (here in after referred as "Member State Country") have agreed to a common comprehensive and detailed aviation requirements with a view to make it compatible for maintenance carried out in one Member State to be accepted by the Civil Aviation Authority in another Member State.

ANO-066-AWRG (herein also referred as "ANO-066") requirements for issuance of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License has been developed to address issuance of license of personnels involved in the maintenance of large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport and components intended for fitment thereto.

ANO-066 has been divided in to three chapters:

* PCAA has published Section B of Chapter 1 2 & 3 of SARI Part066 document in the form of "Manual" under the title of "PCAA Procedures for Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License" with reference MNL-066-AWRG (herein also referred as MNL-066)". MNL-066 will be the source document for all working procedures of PCAA to deal with Aircraft Maintenance Licenses issued under ANO-066.

Moreover it will be ensured that whenever there is any change in SARI-066 document ANO-066 and/or MNL-066 shall be updated accordingly.

Chapter 1: Regulations (Section A: Technical Requirements)*refer text below Chapter 2: Acceptable Means of Compliance to ANO-066 (Section A: Technical Requirements)*



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CHAPTER 1: SECTION A -

REGULATION TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

SUBPART A:

AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE AEROPLANES AND HELICOPTERS

ANO.066.A.1 Scope (a) This section establishes the requirements for the issue of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License and conditions of its validity and use for aero planes and helicopters of the following categories: •

Category A

•

Category B1

•

Category B2

•

Category C

(Line Maintenance Certifying Mechanic) (Maintenance Certifying Technician Mechanical) (Maintenance Certifying Technician Avionic) (Base Maintenance Certifying Engineer)

(b) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to combinations of aeroplanes helicopters turbine and piston engines. The subcategories are:


• • • •

A1 and B1.1 A2 and B1.2 A3 and B1.3 A4 and B1.4

Aero planes Turbine Aero planes Piston Helicopters Turbine Helicopters Piston

ANO.066.A.2 Authority This Air Navigation order is issued by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan in pursuance of power vested in him under Rule 4 5 51 180 and 360 and all other enabling provisions of the Civil Aviation Rules 1994 (CARs 94). ANO.066.A.3 Implementation This Air Navigation Order shall become effective from 18th November, 2013 and supersedes all previous regulations information and PCAA publications on "Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License (Basic or Type)". However the phase wise applicability of this ANO will be as per the directives of Director Airworthiness issued for mandatory compliance to meet the defined timeline. ANO.066.A.4 Applicability Applicable to all AMEs/Technicians/Aviation cadets who performs or intended to perform maintenance activity carryout scheduled/unscheduled inspection replacement or modifications


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on Aircrafts in PCAA approved manner. ANO.066.A.10

Application

a) An application for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence or change to such licence shall be made on PCAA Form 19 in a manner established by PCAA and submitted thereto. . b) In addition to the documents required in points ANO.066.A.10(a) as appropriate the applicant for additional basic categories or subcategories to an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence shall submit his/her current original Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence to PCAA together with PCAA Form 19. ANO.066.A.15

Eligibility

An applicant for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License shall be at least 18 years of age. ANO.066.A.20

Privileges

(a) Subject to compliance with paragraph (b) privileges shall apply:

the following

1. A category A Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service (CRS) following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2-5

specifically endorsed on the authorisation. The certification privileges shall be restricted to work that the license holder has personally performed in a maintenance organisation approved by PCAA. 2. A category 81 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following maintenance including aircraft structure powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems. Replacement of avionic line replaceable units requiring simple tests to prove their serviceability shall also be included in the privileges. Category B 1 shall automatically include the appropriate 'A' subcategory. 3. A category 82 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence shall permit the holder to issue CRS following maintenance on avionic and electrical systems. 4. A category 'C' Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety in a ANO-145 organisation. (b) The holder of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence may not exercise certification privileges unless: 1. in compliance with the applicable requirements of For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Continuing Airworthiness and/or ANO-145. 2. in the preceding two-year period he/she has either had six months of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license or met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges. 3. he has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the corresponding aircraft. 4. he/she is able to read write and communicate to understandable level in the language(s) in which technical documentation and procedures necessary support the issue of the certificate of release to service written. ANO.066.A.25

an the to are

8asic knowledge requirements

(a) An applicant for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license or the addition of a category or subcategory to such an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license shall demonstrate by examination a level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with Basic Knowledge Requirements. The basic knowledge examinations shall be conducted by a training organisation appropriately approved under EASA Part-147 or ANO147 or by PCAA.


(b) Full or partial credit against the basic knowledge requirements and associated examination shall be given for any other technical qualification considered by PCAA to be equivalent to the knowledge standard of this ANO. Such credits shall be established in accordance with Examination Credit Examination Credit (a) PCAA may only grant examination credit on the basis of an examination credit report (b) The examination credit report must be either developed by PCAA or approved by PCAA. Examination credit report (a) For each technical qualification concerned the report shall identify the subject matter and knowledge levels contained in Basic Knowledge Requirements to ANO-066 relevant to the particular category being compared. (b) The report shall include a statement of compliance against each subject stating where in the technical qualification the equivalent standard can be found. If there is no equivalent standard for the particular subject the report shall state such facts. (c) Based upon paragraph (b) comparison the report shall indicate for each technical qualification concerned the Appendix I subject matters subject to examination credits. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


(d) Where the national qualification standard is changed the report shall be amended as necessary. ANO.066.A.30 Experience requirements (a) An applicant for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence shall have acquired: 1. for category 'A' and subcategories 81.2 and 81.4: (i) Three years (03) of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or (ii) Two years (02) of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by PCAA as a skilled worker in a technical trade (Skilled worker is a person who has successfully completed a training acceptable to PCAA & involved in manufacture repair overhaul or inspection of mechanical electrical or electronic equipment. Training would include the use of tools & measuring devices); or (iii) One year (01) of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of EASA Part-147 or ANO147 approved basic training course.



2. for category 82 and subcategories 81.1 and 81.3: (i) Five years (05) of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or (ii) Three years (03) of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by PCAA as a skilled worker in a technical trade (Skilled worker is a person who has successfully completed a training acceptable to PCAA & involved in manufacture repair overhaul or inspection of mechanical electrical or electronic equipment. Training would include the use of tools & measuring devices); or (iii) Two years (02) of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of EASA Part-147 or ANO 147 approved basic training course. 3. for category C with respect to large aircraft: (i) Three years (03) of experience exercising category B1.1 B1.3 or B2 privileges on large aircraft or as ANO-145 B1.1 B1.3 or B2 support staff or a combination of both; or (ii) Five years (05) of experience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large aircraft or as ANO-145 B1.2 or For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014



B1.4 support staff or a combination of both; or 4. for category C with respect to non-large aircraft: Three years (03) of experience exercising category B 1 or B.2 privileges on non large aircraft or as ANO-145 B1 or B2 support staff or a combination of both; or 5. For category C obtained through the academic route: a) An applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline from a university or other higher educational institution recognized by Higher Education Commission (HEC) and PCAA three years (03) of experience working in a civil aircraft maintenance environment on a representative selection of tasks directly associated with aircraft maintenance including six months (06) of observation of base maintenance tasks.

(b) An applicant for an extension to an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license shall have a minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to the additional category or subcategory of license applied (Experience Requirements for extending ANO 66 AML) as defined below


(c) For category A B1 and B2 the experience must be practical which means being involved with a representative cross section of maintenance tasks on aircraft. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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(d) For all applicants at least one year (01) of the required experience must be recent maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence is sought. For subsequent category/subcategory additions to an existing Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence the additional recent maintenance experience required may be less than one year but must be at least three months. The required experience must be dependent upon the difference between the licence category/subcategory held and applied for. Such additional experience must be typical of the new licence category/subcategory sought.

License holder. (c) Any certification privilege based upon an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License becomes invalid as soon as the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence is invalid. (d) The Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license is only valid Y When issued and/or changed by PCAA and Y When the holder has signed the document. NOTE: Validity of license is not affected by the lack of recent experience. This is only a requirement for exercising the privileges ANO.066.A.45

ANO.066.A.40 Continued Maintenance Engineer License

validity

of

the

(a) The Aircraft Maintenance Engineer licence becomes invalid after two years unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance licence to PCAA in order to verify that the information contained in the licence is the same as that contained in PCAA records (b) The holder of an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence shall complete the relevant parts of PCAA Form 19 and submit it with the holder's copy of the licence to local Airworthiness field office unless the holder works in a maintenance organisation approved in accordance with ANO-145 that has a procedure in its exposition whereby such organisation may submit the necessary documentation on behalf of the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2-9

Type/task training and ratings

Aircraft (a) The holder of a category A Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licence may only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type following the satisfactory completion of the relevant category A aircraft task training carried out by an appropriately approved ANO-145 or ANO-147 organization. The training shall include practical hands on training and theoretical training as appropriate for each task authorized. Satisfactory completion of training shall be demonstrated by an examination and/or by workplace assessment carried out by an appropriately approved ANO-145 or ANO-147 organization. (b) the holder of a category B1 B2 or C Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license shall only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type when the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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licence is endorsed with the appropriate aircraft type rating.

PCAA person within 24 hours.

(c) ratings shall be granted following satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1 B2 or C aircraft type training approved by PCAA or conducted by an appropriately approved EASA Part-147 or ANO-147 maintenance training organisation.

ANO.066.A.70

(d) Category B1 and B2 approved type training shall include theoretical and practical elements. Theoretical and practical training shall comply with Type Training Examination Standards . (e) Category C approved type training shall comply with Type Training Examination Standards to this ANO. In the case of a category C person qualified by holding an academic degree the first relevant aircraft type theoretical training shall be at the category B1 or B2 level. Practical training is not required. (f) Completion of approved aircraft type training shall be demonstrated by an examination. The examination shall comply with Type Training Examination Standards. The examinations in respect of category B1 or B2 or C aircraft type ratings shall be conducted by training organizations appropriately approved under ANO-147 PCAA or the training organization conducting the approved training course.

Conversion provisions

(a) The holder of a valid certifying staff qualification issued by PCAA prior to the date of entry into force of this ANO shall be issued an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license without further examination subject

(b) A person undergoing a qualification process valid in Pakistan prior to the date of entry into force of this ANO may continue to be qualified. The holder of a qualification gained following such qualification process shall be issued an aircraft maintenance licence without further examination subject to the conditions specified in Conversion of National Qualifications Conversion report for national qualifications The report shall describe the scope of each type of qualification and show to which aircraft maintenance license it will be converted which limitation will be added and the ANO-066 module/subjects on which examination is needed to ensure conversion to the aircraft maintenance license without limitation or to include an additional (sub-) category. The report shall include a copy of the existing regulation defining the license categories and scopes.

ANO.066.A.55 Evidence of qualification Personnel exercising certification privileges must produce their license as evidence of qualification if requested by an authorized ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2 - 10


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8asic Knowledge Requirements Objectives: 1. Knowledge Levels - Category A, 81, Maintenance Engineer License

82 and C Aircraft •

Basic knowledge for categories A B1 and B2 are indicated by the allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1 2 or 3) against each applicable subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels. The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows:

•

LEVEL 1:

•

• •

The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject using as appropriate typical examples. The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches drawings and schematics describing the subject. The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures.

A familiarization with the principal elements of the subject. LEVEL 3: Objectives: • • •

The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject. The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole subject using common words and examples. The applicant should be able to use typical terms.

LEVEL 2: A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. An ability to apply that knowledge.

ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2 - 11

A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner. Objectives: • The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. • The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. • The applicant should understand and be able to use



•

•


mathematical formulae related to the subject. The applicant should be able to read understand and prepare sketches simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions.

2. MODULARIZATION Qualification on basic subjects for each ANO-066 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license category or subcategory should be in accordance with the following matrix. Applicable subjects are indicated by an 'X':





"8asic Examination Standard"

multi-choice part of the examination is 75 %.

1. Standardization 8asis For Examinations

1.8 The pass mark for each essay question is 75% in that the candidates answer must contain 75% of the required key points addressed by the question and no significant error related to any required key point. 1.9 If either the multi-choice part only or the essay part only is failed then it is only necessary to retake the multi-choice or essay part as appropriate.

1.1 All basic examinations must be carried out using the multichoice question format and essay questions as specified below. 1.2 Each multi-choice question must have three alternative answers of which only one must be the correct answer and the candidate must be allowed a time per module which is based upon a nominal average of 75 seconds per question. 1.3 Each essay question requires the preparation of a written answer and the candidate must be allowed 20 minutes to answer each such question. 1.4 Suitable essay questions must be drafted and evaluated using the knowledge syllabus in ANO-066 Appendix I Modules 7 9 and 10. 1.5 Each question will have a model answer drafted for it which will also include any known alternative answers that may be relevant for other subdivisions. 1.6 The model answer will also be broken down into a list of the important points known as Key Points. 1.7 The pass mark for each ANO-066 module and sub-module ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2 - 13

1.10 Penalty marking systems must not be used to determine whether a candidate has passed. 1.11 All ANO-066 modules that make up a complete ANO-066 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license category or subcategory must be passed within a 5 year time period of passing the first module 1.12. A failed module may not be retaken for at least 90 days following the date of the failed module examination except in the case of a ANO-147 approved maintenance training organisation which conducts a course of retraining tailored to the failed subjects in the particular module when the failed module may be retaken after 30 days. 1.12 The 5 year time period specified in paragraph 1.11 does not apply to those modules which are common to more than one ANO066 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license category or subcategory For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014



and which were previously passed as part of another such category or subcategory examination.



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"Type Training Examination Standard" 1. Type training levels The three levels listed below define the objectives that a particular level of training is intended to achieve. Level 1: General Familiarization A brief overview of the airframe systems and power plants as outlined in the systems description section of the Aircraft Maintenance Manual.


troubleshooting. General knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. Course objectives: In addition to the information contained in the Level 1 training at the completion of this Level 2 Ramp and Transit training the student will be able to: 1.

Course objectives: Upon completion of the course the student will be able to 1. Provide a simple description of the whole subject using common words and example using typical terms and identify safety precautions related to the airframe its systems and power plant 2. Identify maintenance practices important to the airframe its systems and power plant 3. Define the general layout of the aircraft's major systems 4. Define the general layout and characteristics of the power plant 5. Identify special tooling and test equipment used with the aircraft Level 2: Ramp and transit Basic system overview of controls indicators principal components including their location and purpose servicing and minor


Understand

the

theoretical

fundamentals;

apply

knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures; 2. Recall the safety precautions to be observed when working on or near the aircraft power plant and systems. 3. Demonstrate knowledge of the main ramp and transit (through-flight) activities of the following: o o o o o o o o o o o o

Doors windows and hatches. Electrical power supplies. Fuel. Auxiliary power unit. Power plant. Fire protection. Environmental Control Systems. Hydraulic power. Landing gear. Flight controls. Water/waste. Oxygen.




o o

Flight and service interphone. o Avionics. Cabin equipment/furnishings.

4. Describe systems and aircraft handling particularly access power availability and sources. 5. Identify the locations of the principal components. 6. Explain the normal functioning of each major system including terminology and nomenclature. 7. Perform the procedures for ramp and transit servicing associated with the aircraft for the following systems: o o o o

Fuel Power Plants Hydraulics Landing Gear

o o

Water/Waste Oxygen.

8. Demonstrate proficiency in use of crew reports and onboard reporting systems (minor troubleshooting) and determine aircraft airworthiness per the MEL/CDL. 9. Identify and use appropriate documentation. 10. Locate those procedures for replacement of components for ramp and transit activities identified in objective 2.


Level 3: Line and 8ase Maintenance Training Detailed description operation component location removal/installation and bite and troubleshooting procedures to maintenance manual level. Course objectives: In addition to the information contained in Level 1 and Level 2 training at the completion of Level III Line and Base Maintenance training the student will be able to: (a) Demonstrate a theoretical knowledge of aircraft systems and structures and interrelationships with other systems provide a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples and to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate; (b) Perform system engine component and functional checks as specified in the maintenance manual. (c) Correlate information for the purpose of making decisions in respect of fault diagnosis and rectification to maintenance manual level. (d) Describe procedures for replacement of components unique to aircraft type.




2. Type training standard

(c) Content:

Although aircraft type training includes both theoretical and practical elements courses can be approved for the theoretical element the practical element or for a combination of both.

As a minimum the elements in the Syllabus below that are specific to the aircraft type must be covered. Additional elements introduced due to technological changes shall also be included. The training syllabus shall be focused on mechanical and electrical aspects for B1 personnel and electrical and avionic aspects for B2.

2.1. Theoretical element (a) Objective:

2.2. Practical element On completion of a theoretical training course the student shall be able to demonstrate to the levels identified in the Appendix III syllabus the detailed theoretical knowledge of the aircraft's applicable systems structure operations maintenance repair and troubleshooting according to approved maintenance data. The student shall be able to demonstrate the use of manuals and approved procedures including the knowledge of relevant inspections and limitations. (b) Level of training: Training levels are those levels defined in paragraph 1 above. After the first type course for category C certifying staff all subsequent courses need only be to level 1.


The practical training element must consist of the performance of representative maintenance tasks and their assessment in order to meet the following objectives: (a) Ensure safe performance of maintenance inspections and routine work according to the maintenance manual and other relevant instructions and tasks as appropriate for the type of aircraft for example troubleshooting repairs adjustments replacements rigging and functional checks such as engine run etc if required. (b) Correctly use all technical literature and documentation for the aircraft. (c) Correctly use specialist/special tooling and test equipment perform removal and replacement of components and modules unique to type including any onwing maintenance activity.


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3. Type training examination standard


4. Type examination standard

Where aircraft type training is required the examination must be written and comply with the following:

•

1. Format of the examination is of the multiple-choice type. Each multiple-choice question must have three alternative answers of which only one must be the correct answer. The time for answering is based upon a nominal average of 120 seconds per level 3 question and 75 seconds per level 1 or 2 question. 2. The examination must be of the closed book type. No

• •

Where type training is not required the examination must be oral written or practical assessment based or a combination thereof. Oral examination questions must be open. written examination questions must be essay type or

•

multiple-choice questions. Practical assessment must

reference material is permitted. An exception will be made for the case of examining a B1 or B2 candidate's ability to interpret technical documents. 3. The number of questions must be at least one question per hour of instruction subject to a minimum of two questions per Syllabus subject. PCAA will assess number and level of questions on a sampling basis when approving the course. 4. The examination pass mark is 75 %. 5. Penalty marking is not to be used to determine whether a candidate has passed. 6. End of module phase examinations cannot be used as part of the final examination unless they contain the correct number and level of questions required.


•

determine

a

person's

competence to perform a task. Examination subjects must be on a sample of subjects drawn from paragraph 2 type training/examination syllabus at the indicated level.

PCAA FORM - 19 APPLICATION FORM 1. PCAA form-19 is used for application for the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer license referred in this ANO.




PCAA FORM - 26 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE 1. An example of the aircraft maintenance license referred to in ANO-066 can be found on the following pages.








EASA Part 66 SECTION A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS SU8PART A AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE


- A2 and B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston - A3 and B1.3 Helicopters Turbine - A4 and B1.4 Helicopters Piston (c) Category B3 is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurised aeroplanes of 2 000 kg MTOM and below.

66.A.1 Scope

66.A.10 Application

This section defines the aircraft maintenance license and establishes the requirements for application issue and continuation of its validity.

(a) An application for an aircraft maintenance licence or change to such licence shall be made on an EASA Form 19.

66.A.3 Licence categories

(b) An application for the change to an aircraft maintenance licence shall be made to the competent authority of the Member State that issued the aircraft maintenance licence.

(a) Aircraft maintenance licences include the following categories: - Category A - Category B1 - Category B2 - Category B3 - Category C

(c) In addition to the documents required as appropriate the applicant for additional basic categories or subcategories to an aircraft maintenance licence shall submit his/her current original aircraft maintenance licence to the competent authority together with the EASA Form 19.

(b) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to combinations of aeroplanes helicopters turbine and piston engines. These subcategories are: - A1 and B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine

(f) Each application shall be supported by documentation to demonstrate compliance with the applicable theoretical knowledge practical training and experience requirements at the time of application.





66.A.15 Eligibility An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence shall be at least 18 years of age. 66.A.20 Privileges (a) The following privileges shall apply: 1. A category A aircraft maintenance licence permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification authorization. The certification privileges shall be restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation that issued the certification authorisation. 2. A category B1 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B1 support staff following: - maintenance performed on aircraft structure powerplant and mechanical and electrical systems - work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2 - 22

3. A category B2 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder: (i) to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff for following: - maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems and - electrical and avionics tasks within powerplant and mechanical systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability; and (ii) to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the certification authorisation. This certification privilege shall be restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation which issued the certification authorisation and limited to the ratings already endorsed in the B2 licence. The category 82 licence does not include any A subcategory. 4. A category B3 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for: - maintenance performed on aeroplane structure powernplant and mechanical and electrical systems For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


- work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. 5. A category C aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety. (b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence may not exercise its privileges unless: 1. in compliance with the applicable requirements of Annex I (Part-M) and Annex II (Part-145); and 2. in the preceding 2-year period he/she has either had 6 months of maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the aircraft maintenance licence or met the provision for the issue of the appropriate privileges; and 3. he/she has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the corresponding aircraft; and 4. he/she is able to read write and communicate to an understandable level in the language(s) in which the technical documentation and procedures necessary to support the issue of the certificate of release to service are written.



66.A.25 8asic knowledge requirements (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such a licence shall demonstrate by examination a level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with the Basic Knowledge requirements as led down in Annex III (Part-66). The examination shall be conducted either by a training organisation appropriately approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147) or by the competent authority. (b) The training courses and examinations shall be passed within 10 years prior to the application for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such aircraft maintenance licence. Should this not be the case examination credits may however be obtained in accordance with point (c). (c) The applicant may apply to the competent authority for full or partial examination credit to the basic knowledge requirements for: 1. basic knowledge examinations that do not meet the requirement described in point (b) above; and 2. any other technical qualification considered by the competent authority to be equivalent to the knowledge standard of Annex III (Part-66). Credits shall be granted in accordance with Subpart E of Section B of this Annex (Part-66). (d) Credits expire 10 years after they were granted to the applicant by the competent authority. The applicant may apply for new credits after expiration.




66.A.30 8asic experience requirements

approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147);

(a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence shall have acquired:

3. for category C with respect to large aircraft: (i) 3 years of experience exercising category B1.1 B1.3 or B2 privileges on large aircraft or as support staff or a combination of both; or (ii) 5 years of experience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large aircraft or as support staff or a combination of both;

1. for category A subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 and category B3: (i) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or (ii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a skilled worker in a technical trade; or (iii) 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147); 2. for category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3: (i) 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or (ii) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a skilled worker in a technical trade; or (iii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a basic training course ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 2 - 24

4. for category C with respect to other than large aircraft: 3 years of experience exercising category B1 or B2 privileges on other than large aircraft or as support staff or a combination of both; 5. for category C obtained through the academic route: an applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline from a university or other higher educational institution recognised by the competent authority 3 years of experience working in a civil aircraft maintenance environment on a representative selection of tasks directly associated with aircraft maintenance including 6 months of observation of base maintenance tasks.

(b) An applicant for an extension to an aircraft maintenance licence shall have a minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to the additional category or subcategory of For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014



licence applied for as defined in Annex (Part-66). 66.A.40 Continued validity of the aircraft maintenance licence (c) The experience shall be practical and involve a representative cross section of maintenance tasks on aircraft. (d) At least 1 year of the required experience shall be recent maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial aircraft maintenance licence is sought. For subsequent category/subcategory additions to an existing aircraft maintenance licence the additional recent maintenance experience required may be less than 1 year but shall be at least 3 months. The required experience shall be dependent upon the difference between the licence category/subcategory held and applied for. Such additional experience shall be typical of the new licence category/ subcategory sought. (e) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment shall be accepted when such maintenance is equivalent to that required by this Annex (Part-66) as established by the competent authority. Additional experience of civil aircraft maintenance shall however be required to ensure adequate understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance environment. (f) Experience shall have been acquired within the 10 years preceding the application for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such a licence.


(a) The aircraft maintenance licence becomes invalid 5 years after its last issue or change unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance licence to the competent authority that issued it in order to verify that the information contained in the licence is the same as that contained in the competent authority records (b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence shall complete the relevant parts of EASA Form 19 and submit it with the holder's copy of the licence to the competent authority that issued the original aircraft maintenance licence unless the holder works in a maintenance organisation approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145) that has a procedure in its exposition whereby such organisation may submit the necessary documentation on behalf of the aircraft maintenance licence holder. (c) Any certification privilege based upon a aircraft maintenance licence becomes invalid as soon as the aircraft maintenance licence is invalid. (d) The aircraft maintenance licence is only valid (i) when issued and/or changed by the competent authority and (ii) when the holder has signed the document.


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66.A.45 Endorsement with aircraft ratings

SECTION B PROCEDURE FOR COMPETENT AUTHORITIES

(a) In order to be entitled to exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type the holder of an aircraft maintenance licence need to have his/her licence endorsed with the relevant aircraft ratings.

This Subpart provides the procedures to be followed for the examinations conducted by the competent authority.

66.A.50 Limitations (a) Limitations introduced on an aircraft maintenance licence are exclusions from the certification privileges and affect the aircraft in its entirety. (b) Limitations shall be removed upon: 1. demonstration of appropriate experience; or 2. after a satisfactory practical assessment performed by the competent authority. (c) satisfactory modules/subjects

SUBPART C EXAMINATIONS

completion

of

examination

on

those

66.A.55 Evidence of qualification Personnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff shall produce their licence as evidence of qualification within 24 hours upon request by an authorised person.


66.8.200 Examination by the competent authority (a) All examination questions shall be kept in a secure manner prior to an examination to ensure that candidates will not know which particular questions will form the basis of the examination. (b) The competent authority shall nominate: 1. persons who control the questions to be used for each examination; 2. examiners who shall be present during all examinations to ensure the integrity of the examination. (c) Basic examinations shall follow the standard specified (d) Type training examinations and type examinations shall follow the standard specified (e) New essay questions shall be raised at least every 6 months and questions already used withdrawn or rested from use. A record of the questions used shall be retained in the records for reference. (f) All examination papers shall be handed out at the start of the For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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examination to the candidate and handed back to the examiner at the end of the allotted examination time period. No examination paper may be removed from the examination room during the allotted examination time period. (g) Apart from specific documentation needed for type examinations only the examination paper may be available to the candidate during the examination. (h) Examination candidates shall be separated from each other so that they cannot read each other's examination papers. They may not speak to any person other than the examiner. (i) Candidates who are proven to be cheating shall be banned from taking any further examination within 12 months of the date of the examination in which they were found cheating. SU8PART E EXAMINATION CREDITS This Subpart provides the procedures for granting examination credits 66.8.400 General (a) The competent authority may only grant credit on the basis of a credit report prepared (b) The credit report shall be either (i) developed by the competent authority or (ii)approved

by the competent


authority

to

ensure

compliance with this Annex (Part-66). (c) Credit reports together with any change of these shall be dated and kept on record by the competent authority 66.8.405 Examination credit report (a) The credit report shall include a comparison between: (i) the modules sub-modules subjects and knowledge levels; and (ii) the syllabus of the technical qualification concerned relevant to the particular category being sought. This comparison shall state if compliance is demonstrated and contain the justifications for each statement. (b) Credit for examinations other than basic knowledge examinations carried out in maintenance training organisations approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147) can only be granted by the competent authority of the Member State in which the qualification has been obtained without prejudice to bilateral agreements. (c) No credit can be granted unless there is a statement of compliance against each module and sub-module stating where in the technical qualification the equivalent standard can be found. (d) The competent authority shall check on a regular basis whether (i) the national qualification standard or (ii) Basic Knowledge Requirements i.a.w this Annex (Part66) have changed and assess if changes to the credit report are consequently required. Such changes shall be For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014



documented dated and recorded. 66.8.410 Examination credit validity (a) The competent authority shall notify to the applicant in writing any credits granted together with the reference to the credit report used. (b) Credits shall expire 10 years after they are granted. (c) Upon expiration of the credits the applicant may apply for new credits. The competent authority shall continue the validity of the credits for an additional period of 10 years without further consideration if basic knowledge requirements have not been changed.



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Sub Module 3 - Approved Maintenance Organizations

Sub Module 3

APPROVED MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS





AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 3 - Approved Maintenance Organizations


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3.1

Detailed Understanding of ANO-145 & EASA Part 145

1. The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) members (here in after referred as "Member State Country") have agreed to a common comprehensive and detailed aviation requirements with a view to make it compatible for maintenance carried out in one Member State to be accepted by the Civil Aviation Authority in another Member State. ANO-145-AWRG (herein also referred as ANO 145) 'Requirements for Approved Maintenance Organizations has been developed for maintenance organizations involved in the maintenance of large aircraft or of aircraft used for commercial air transport and components intended for fitment thereto .


made a proposal for amendment of SARI Part 145 in accordance with the agreed procedure.

CHAPTER 1

REGULATIONS

ANO 145.A.2

Authority

This Air Navigation order is issued by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan in pursuance of power vested in him under Rule 3 4 25 thru 30 32 33 51(2) and 360 and all other enabling provisions of the Civil Aviation Rules of 1994. ANO 145.A.3

Implementation

The ANO 145 has been divided in to Three Chapters:

This Air Navigation Order shall become effective from 15th January, 2013.

Chapter 1: Regulations Chapter 2: Acceptable Means of Compliance to ANO 145 Chapter 3: Guidance Material to ANO 145

ANO 145.A.5

2. EASA Part 145 has been selected to provide the basic structure of ANO 145 but with appropriate customization for the needs of Pakistan.

Applicability

Organisations involved in the maintenance of large aircraft or of aircraft used for commercial air transport and components intended for fitment thereto shall be approved in accordance with the provisions of this ANO.

3. Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority has agreed to adopt SARI 145 into its national codes with National Variants and it shall NOT unilaterally initiate amendment of its national codes without having ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3-3



ANO 145.A.10


Scope

This Section establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components. ANO 145.A.15

Application

An application for an approval or for the amendment of an existing approval shall be made on PCAA Form 2 and in a manner established by PCAA.



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ANO 145.A.20

Terms of Approval

The organisation shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval in its maintenance organization exposition ANO 145.A.25

Facility Requirements

The organisation shall ensure that: (a) Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work ensuring in particular protection from the weather elements. Specialized workshops and bays are segregated as appropriate to ensure that environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur. 1.

2.

For base maintenance of aircraft aircraft hangars are both available and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base maintenance; For component maintenance component workshops are large enough to accommodate the components on planned maintenance.

(b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of the planned work and certifying staff so that they can carry out their designated tasks in a manner that contributes to good aircraft maintenance standards. (c) The working environment including aircraft hangars component workshops and office accommodation is appropriate for the task carried out and in particular special requirements observed. Unless ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3-5



otherwise dictated by the particular task environment the working environment must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not impaired: 1. Temperatures must be maintained such that personnel can carry out required tasks without undue discomfort. 2. Dust and any other airborne contamination are kept to a minimum and not be permitted to reach a level in the work task area where visible aircraft/component surface contamination is evident. Where dust/other airborne contamination results in visible surface contamination all susceptible systems are sealed until acceptable conditions are re-established. 3. Lighting is such as to ensure each inspection and maintenance task can be carried out in an effective manner.

4. Noise shall not distract personnel from carrying out inspection tasks. Where it is impractical to control the noise source such personnel are provided with the necessary personal equipment to stop excessive noise causing distraction during inspection tasks. 5. Where a particular maintenance task requires the application of specific environmental conditions different to the foregoing then such conditions are observed. Specific conditions are identified in the maintenance data.



6. The working environment for line maintenance is such that the particular maintenance or inspection task can be carried out without undue distraction. Therefore where the working environment deteriorates to an unacceptable level in respect of temperature moisture hail ice snow wind light dust/other airborne contamination the particular maintenance or inspection tasks must be suspended until satisfactory conditions are re-established. (d) Secure storage facilities are provided for components equipment tools and material. Storage conditions ensure segregation of serviceable components and material from unserviceable aircraft components material equipment and tools. The conditions of storage are in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorized personnel. ANO 145.A.30 Personnel Requirements (a) The organization shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by ANO 145. The accountable manager shall: 1. ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish maintenance to support the organisation approval. 2. establish and promote the safety and quality policy For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014



3. demonstrate a basic understanding of this ANO. (b) The organisation shall nominate a person or group of persons whose responsibilities include ensuring that the organisation complies with ANO 145. Such person(s) shall ultimately be responsible to the accountable manager. 1. The person or persons nominated shall represent the maintenance management structure of the organisation and be responsible for all functions specified in ANO 145. 2. The person or persons nominated shall be identified and their credentials submitted on PCAA form and manner established by PCAA. 3. The person or persons nominated shall be able to demonstrate relevant knowledge background and satisfactory experience related to aircraft or component maintenance and demonstrate a working knowledge of this ANO. 4. Procedures shall make clear who deputizes for any particular person in the case of lengthy absence of the said person. (c) The accountable manager shall appoint a person with responsibility for monitoring the quality system including the associated feedback system. The appointed person (Quality Mgr) shall have direct access to the accountable manager to ensure that the accountable manager is kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3-7

(d) The organisation shall have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that the organisation has sufficient staff to plan perform supervise inspect and quality monitor the organisation in accordance with the approval. In addition the organisation shall have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any particular work shift or period. (e) The organisation shall establish and control the competence of personnel involved in any maintenance management and/or quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed by PCAA. In addition to the necessary expertise related to the job function competence must include an understanding of the application of human factors and human performance issues appropriate to that person's function in the organisation. 'Human factors' means principles which apply to aeronautical design certification training operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration of human performance. 'Human performance' means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. (f) The organization shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a continued airworthiness non-destructive test of For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


aircraft structures and/or components are appropriately qualified for the particular non-destructive test in accordance with Standard recognized by the PCAA. Personnel who carry out any other specialized task shall be appropriately qualified in accordance with officially recognized Standards by PCAA. (g) Any organisation maintaining aircraft shall in the case of aircraft line maintenance have appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as Category B1 & B2 i.a.w ANO-066 and ANO 145.A.35. In addition such organisations may also use appropriately task trained certifying staff qualified as category A in accordance with ANO-066 and ANO-145.A.35 to carry out minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification. The availability of such category A certifying staff shall not replace the need for ANO-066 category B1 and B2 certifying staff to support the category A certifying staff. However such ANO066 category B1 and B2 staff need not be always present at the line station during minor scheduled line maintenance or simple defect rectification.. (h) Any organisation maintaining aircraft shall: 1. in the case of base maintenance of large aircraft have appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as category C in accordance with ANO-066 and PartANO145.A.35. In addition the organisation shall have sufficient aircraft type rated staff qualified as category B1 and B2 in accordance with ANO-066 and ANO-145.A.35 to support the category C certifying staff. certifying staff ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3-8


(i) B1 & B2 support staff shall ensure that all relevant tasks or inspections have been carried out to the required standard before the category C certifying staff issues the certificate of release to service.. (ii) The organisation shall maintain a register of any such B1 & B2 support staff. (iii) The Category C certifying staff shall ensure that compliance with paragraph (i) has been met & all work required by the customer has been accomplished during the particular base maintenance check or work package and shall also assess the impact of any work not carried out with a view to either requiring its accomplishment or agreeing with the operator to defer such work to another specified check or time limit. 2. in the case of base maintenance of aircraft other than large aircraft have either: (i) appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as category B1 and B2 in accordance with ANO-066 and ANO-145.A.35 or (ii) appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified in category C assisted by B1 and B2



support staff as specified in paragraph (1). (i) Component certifying staff shall comply with ANO 066 (j) the Organisation may use certifying staff qualified in accordance with the following provisions: 1. For organisation facilities located outside Pakistan certifying staff may be qualified in accordance with the national aviation regulations of the State in which the organisation facility is registered subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this ANO. For organisation facilities located within Pakistan the certifying staff maybe qualified in accordance with the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this ANO provided that they hold a validation certificate issued by PCAA. . 2. For line maintenance carried out at a line station of an Organisation which is located outside Pakistan the certifying staff may be qualified in accordance with the national aviation regulations of the State in which the line station is based 3. For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which specifically states that the flight crew may carry out such airworthiness directive the organisation may issue a limited certification authorisation to the aircraft commander and/or ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3-9


the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held. However the organisation shall ensure that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that such aircraft commander or flight engineer can accomplish the airworthiness directive to the required standard. 4. In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported location the organisation may issue a limited certification authorization to the commander and/or the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held subject to being satisfied that sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that the commander or flight engineer can accomplish the specified task to the required standard. The provisions of this paragraph shall be detailed in an exposition procedure. 5. In the following unforeseen cases where an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main base where no appropriate certifying staffs are available the organisation contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a oneoff certification authorisation: (i) to one of its employees holding equivalent type authorisations on aircraft of similar technology construction and systems; or (ii) to any person with not less than five years maintenance experience and holding a valid ICAO For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014



aircraft maintenance license rated for the aircraft type requiring certification provided there is no organisation appropriately approved under this ANO at that location and the contracted organisation obtains and holds on file evidence of the experience and the license of that person. All such cases as specified in this subparagraph shall be reported to PCAA within seven days of the issuance of such certification authorisation. The organisation issuing the one-off authorisation shall ensure that any such maintenance that could affect flight safety is re-checked by an appropriately approved organisation. ANO 145.A.35 Support Staff


Certifying Staff and Category 81 & 82

(a) the organisation shall ensure that certifying staff and category B1 & B2 support staff have an adequate understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or components to be maintained together with the associated organisation procedures. In the case of certifying staff this must be accomplished before the issue or reissue of the certification authorisation. Category B1 and B2 support staff means those category B1 and B2 staff in the base maintenance environment who do not hold necessarily certification privileges. 'Relevant aircraft and/or components' means those aircraft or components specified in the particular certification authorization. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 10

'Certification authorisation' means the authorisation issued to certifying staff by the organisation and which specifies the fact that they may sign certificates of release to service within the limitations stated in such authorisation on behalf of the approved organisation. (c) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and category B1 & B2 support staff is involved in at least six months of actual relevant aircraft or component maintenance experience in any consecutive two-year period. For the purpose of this paragraph 'involved in actual relevant aircraft or component maintenance' means that the person has worked in an aircraft or component maintenance environment and has either exercised the privileges of the certification authorisation and/or has actually carried out maintenance on at least some of the aircraft type systems specified in the particular certification authorisation. (d) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and Category B1 & B2 support staff receive sufficient continuation training in each two-year period to ensure that such staff have up-todate knowledge of relevant technology organisation procedures and human factor issues. (e) The organisation shall establish a programme for continuation training for certifying staff and category B1 & B2 support staff (f) the organisation shall assess all prospective certifying staff for their competence qualification and capability to carry out their intended certifying duties in accordance with a procedure as For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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specified in the exposition prior to the issue or re-issue of a certification authorisation (g) When the conditions of above said paragraphs have been fulfilled by the certifying staff the organisation shall issue a certification authorisation that clearly specifies the scope and limits of such authorisation. Continued validity of the certification authorisation is dependent upon continued compliance with above said paragraphs (h) The certification authorisation must be in a style that makes its scope clear to the certifying staff and any official of PCAA who has the responsibility for oversight of maintained aircraft or component who may require to examine the authorisation. (i) The person responsible for the quality system shall also remain responsible on behalf of the organisation for issuing certification authorisations to certifying staff. Such person may nominate other persons to actually issue or revoke the certification authorisations in accordance with a procedure as specified in the exposition.


relevant and 4. particulars of staff with limited or one-off certification authorisations. The organisation shall retain the record for at least two years after the certifying staff or B1 & B2 support staff have ceased employment with the organisation or as soon as the authorisation has been withdrawn. In addition upon request the maintenance organisation shall furnish certifying staff with a copy of their record on leaving the organisation. The certifying staff shall be given access on request to their personal records as detailed above. (k) The organisation shall provide certifying staff with a copy of their certification authorisation in either a documented or an electronic format. (l) Certifying staff shall produce their certification authorisation to any authorised person within 24 hours. (m) The minimum age for certifying staff and Category B1 & B2 support staff is 21 years.

(j) The organisation shall maintain a record of all certifying staff and Category B1 & B2 support staff. The staff records shall contain: ANO 145.A.42 1. details of any aircraft maintenance license held under ANO-066 2. all relevant training completed 3. the scope of the certification authorizations issued where ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 11

Acceptance of Components

(a) All components shall be classified and appropriately segregated into the following categories:


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1. Components which are in a satisfactory condition released on a PCAA Form 1(Authorized Release Certificate) or FAA Form 8130-4 or TCA Form 24-0078 and marked in accordance with a standard acceptable to the PCAA. 2. Unserviceable components shall be maintained in accordance with this section. 3. Components which have reached their certified life limit or contain a non-repairable defect shall be classified as unsalvageable and shall not be permitted to re-enter the component supply system unless certified life limits have been extended or a repair solution has been approved according to a standard acceptable to PCAA. 4. Standard parts used on an aircraft engine propeller or other aircraft component when specified in the manufacturer's illustrated parts catalogue and/or the maintenance data. 5. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of maintenance when the organization is satisfied that the material meets the required specification and has appropriate traceability. All material must be accompanied by documentation clearly relating to the particular material and containing a conformity to specification statement plus both the manufacturing and supplier source. ANO 145.A.45

modifications and repairs. (d) The organisation may only modify maintenance instructions in accordance with a procedure specified in the maintenance organisation's exposition. With respect to those changes the organisation shall demonstrate that they result in equivalent or improved maintenance standards and shall inform the typecertificate holder of such changes. Maintenance instructions for the purposes of this paragraph means instructions on how to carry out the particular maintenance task: they exclude the engineering design of repairs and modifications. (f) The organisation shall ensure that all applicable maintenance data is readily available for use when required by maintenance personnel. (g) The organisation shall establish a procedure to ensure that maintenance data it controls is kept up to date. In the case of operator/customer controlled and provided maintenance data the organisation shall be able to show that either it has written confirmation from the operator/customer that all such maintenance data is up to date or it has work orders specifying the amendment status of the maintenance data to be used or it can show that it is on the operator/customer maintenance data amendment list.

Maintenance Data

(a) The organisation shall hold and use applicable current maintenance data in the performance of maintenance including ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 12

ANO 145.A.50

Certification of Maintenance For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


(a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately authorized certifying staff on behalf of the organisation when it has been verified that all maintenance ordered has been properly carried out by the organisation taking into account the availability and use of the current maintenance data and that there are no noncompliances which are known to endanger flight safety. (b) A certificate of release to service shall be issued before flight at the completion of any maintenance. (c) New defects or incomplete maintenance work orders identified during the above maintenance shall be brought to the attention of the aircraft operator for the specific purpose of obtaining agreement to rectify such defects or completing the missing elements of the maintenance work order. In the case when the organisation is unable to complete all maintenance ordered it may issue a certificate of release to service within the approved aircraft limitations. The organisation shall enter such fact in the aircraft certificate of release to service before the issue of such certificate.


(f) when an aircraft is grounded at a location other than the main line station or main maintenance base due to the non-availability of a component with the appropriate release certificate it is permissible to temporarily fit a component without the appropriate release certificate for a maximum of 30 flight hours or until the aircraft first returns to the main line station or main maintenance base whichever is the sooner subject to the aircraft operator agreement and said component having a suitable release certificate but otherwise in compliance with all applicable maintenance and operational requirements. Such components shall be removed by the above prescribed time limit unless an appropriate release certificate has been obtained in the mean- time

(d) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any maintenance on a component whilst off the aircraft. The authorised release certificate or airworthiness approval tag identified as PCAA Form 1 constitutes the component certificate of release to service. When an organisation maintains a component for its own use a PCAA Form 1 may not be necessary depending upon the organisation's internal release procedures defined in the exposition. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 13


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ANO 145.A.55

Maintenance Records

(a) The organisation shall record all details of maintenance work carried out. As a minimum the organisation shall retain records necessary to prove that all requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service including subcontractor's release documents. (b) The organisation shall provide a copy of each certificate of release to service to the aircraft operator together with a copy of any specific approved repair/modification data used for repairs/modifications carried out. (c) The organisation shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for two years from the date the aircraft or component to which the work relates was released from the organisation. 1. Records under this paragraph shall be stored in a safe way with regard to fire flood and theft. 2. Computer backup discs tapes etc. shall be stored in a different location from that containing the working discs tapes etc. in an environment that ensures they remain in good condition. 3. Where an ANO 145 approved maintenance organization terminates its operation all retained maintenance records covering the last two years shall be distributed to the last owner or customer of the respective aircraft or component or ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 14


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shall be stored as specified by PCAA. ANO 145.A.60

Occurrence Reporting

(a) The organisation shall report to PCAA the state of registry and the organisation responsible for the design of the aircraft or component any condition of the aircraft or component identified by the organisation that has resulted or may result in an unsafe condition that hazards seriously the flight safety. (b) The organisation shall establish an internal occurrence reporting system as detailed in the MOE to enable the collection and evaluation of such reports including the assessment and extraction of those occurrences to be reported under paragraph (a). This procedure shall identify adverse trends corrective actions taken or to be taken by the organisation to address deficiencies and include evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such occurrences and a method to circulate the information as necessary. (c) The organisation shall make such reports in a form and manner established by PCAA and ensures that they contain all pertinent information about the condition and evaluation results known to the organisation. (d) Where the organisation is contracted by a commercial operator to carry out maintenance the organisation shall also report to the operator any such condition affecting the operator's aircraft or ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 15

component. (e) The organisation shall produce and submit such reports as soon as practicable but in any case within 48 hours of the organisation identifying the condition to which the report relates. ANO 145.A.65 Safety and Quality Policy, Maintenance Procedures and Quality System (a) The organisation shall establish a safety and quality policy for the organisation to be included in the M.O.E. (b) The organisation shall establish procedures agreed by PCAA taking into account human factors and human performance to ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with ANO 145 which shall include a clear work order or contract such that aircraft and components may be released to service 2. The maintenance procedures established or to be established by the organisation under this paragraph shall cover all aspects of carrying out the maintenance activity including the provision and control of specialised services and lay down the standards to which the organisation intends to work. 3. With regard to aircraft line and base maintenance the organisation shall establish procedures to minimize the risk of multiple errors and capture errors on critical systems and to ensure that no person is required to carry out and inspect For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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in relation to a maintenance task involving some element of disassembly/reassembly of several components of the same type fitted to more than one system on the same aircraft during a particular maintenance check. However when only one person is available to carry out these tasks then the organisation's work card or worksheet shall include an additional stage for re-inspection of the work by this person after completion of all the same tasks. 4. Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that damage is assessed and modifications and repairs are carried out using data approved by PCAA or by a design organisation acceptable to PCAA as appropriate. (c) The organisation shall establish a quality system that includes the following: 1. Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required aircraft/aircraft component standards and adequacy of the procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft/aircraft components. In the smallest organisations the independent audit part of the quality system may be contracted to another organisation approved under ANO 145 or a person with appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory audit experience; and


group of persons and ultimately to the accountable manager that ensures proper and timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from the independent audits established to meet the provisions in above said paragraph . (d) The organization shall establish a Safety Management System (SMS) that: 1. Shall achieve the following objectives as a minimum: (i) Identifies safety hazards; (ii) Assesses the impact of these safety hazards and mitigates risks; (iii) Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented; (iv) Provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level achieved; and (v) Aims to make continuous improvement to the overall level of safety 2. Shall meet the requirements contained in Safety Management System; and 3. Shall be approved by PCAA.

ANO 145.A.70

Maintenance Organization Exposition

2. A quality feedback reporting system to the person or ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 16



(a) 'Maintenance organisation exposition' means the document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organisation intends to comply with ANO 145. The organisation shall provide PCAA with a maintenance organisation exposition containing the following information: 1. A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that the maintenance organisation exposition and any referenced associated manuals define the organization's compliance with ANO 145 and will be complied with at all times. When the accountable manager is not the chief executive officer of the organisation then such chief executive officer shall countersign the statement; 2. the organisation's safety and quality policy 3. the title(s) and name(s) of the persons nominated 4. the duties and responsibilities of the persons nominated including matters on which they may deal directly with PCAA on behalf of the organisation; 5. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between the persons nominated 6. a list of certifying staff and Airframe Engine & Avionics Category support staff; 7. a general description of manpower resources; 8. a general description of the facilities located at each address specified in the organisation's approval certificate; 9. a specification of the organisation's scope of work relevant ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 17


to the extent of approval; 10. the notification procedure for organisation changes 11. the maintenance organisation exposition amendment procedure; 12. the procedures and quality system established by the organisation 13. a list of commercial operators where applicable to which the organisation provides an aircraft maintenance service; 14. a list of subcontracted organisations where applicable 15. a list of line stations where applicable 16. a list of contracted organisations where applicable. (b) The exposition shall be amended as necessary to remain an upto-date description of the organisation. The exposition and any subsequent amendment shall be approved by PCAA. (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) minor amendments to the exposition may be approved through an exposition procedure (hereinafter called indirect approval). (d) The exposition shall refer to the Safety Management System Manual (SMSM).

ANO 145.A.75 Privileges of the Organisation For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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In accordance with the exposition the organisation shall be entitled to carry out the following tasks: (a) Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at the locations identified in the approval certificate and in the exposition; (b) Arrange for maintenance of any aircraft or component for which it is approved at another organisation that is working under the quality system of the organisation. This refers to work being carried out by an organisation not itself appropriately approved to carry out such maintenance under ANO 145 and is limited to the work scope permitted. This work scope shall not include a base maintenance check of an aircraft or a complete workshop maintenance check or overhaul of an engine or engine module; (c) Maintain any aircraft or any component for which it is approved at any location subject to the need for such maintenance arising either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity of supporting occasional line maintenance subject to the conditions specified in the exposition; (d) Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at a location identified as a line maintenance location capable of supporting minor maintenance and only if the organisation exposition both permits such activity and lists such locations;


ANO 145.A.80

Limitations on the Organisation

The organisation shall only maintain an aircraft or component for which it is approved when all the necessary facilities equipment tooling material maintenance data and certifying staff are available. ANO 145.A.85

Changes to the Organisation

The organisation shall notify PCAA of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes before such changes take place to enable PCAA to determine continued compliance with ANO 145 and to amend if necessary the approval certificate except that in the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand these changes must be notified at the earliest opportunity:

Form 44 Form

1. the name of the organisation; 2. the main location of the organisation; Form F orm 2 3. additional locations of the organisation; 4. the accountable manager; 5. any of the persons nominated under ANO 145.A.30(b) (Quality Mgr C.E's D.C.E's) 6. the facilities equipment tools material procedures work scope or certifying staff that could affect the approval.

(e) Issue certificates of release to service in respect of completion of maintenance ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 18


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a) An approval shall be issued and renewed for a maximum period of one year. It shall remain valid subject to: 1. the organization remaining in compliance with ANO 145 in accordance with the provisions related to the handling of findings and; 2. PCAA being granted access to the organisation to determine continued compliance with ANO 145; and 3. the certificate not being surrendered or revoked. b) Upon surrender or revocation the approval shall be returned to PCAA. ANO 145.A.95

Findings

(a) A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with ANO 145 requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety. (b) A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the ANO 145 requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety.

ANO 145.A.90

Continued Validity


(c) After receipt of notification of findings the holder of the maintenance organisation approval shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of PCAA within a period agreed with PCAA. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014







Organizations Approval Class & Rating System



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Safety Management System i.a.w ANO-145 1. Scope • This material establishes the minimum requirements for "Safety Management System" of maintenance organization complying with ANO145.

2. Definitions • Acceptable level of safety means minimum safety performance that a maintenance organisation should achieve while conducting their core business functions expressed by a number of safety performance indicators and safety performance targets. • Accountable Executive means a single identifiable person which might be a Chief Executive Officer a Chairperson Board of Directors a partner or a proprietor who has full responsibility for the organization's SMS and have full authority for human resources issues major financial issues direct responsibility for the conduct of the organization's affairs final authority over operations under certificate and final responsibility for all safety issues. • Mitigation means measures to address the potential hazard or to reduce the risk probability or severity. • Predictive means a method that captures system performance as it happens in real-time normal operations. • Proactive means the adoption of an approach which emphasizes prevention through the identification of hazards ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 22

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and the introduction of risk mitigation measures before the risk bearing event occurs and adversely affects safety performance. Probability means the likelihood that an unsafe event or condition might occur. Reactive means the adoption of an approach where safety measurement is as a response to the events that already happened such as incidents and accidents. Risk management means the identification analysis and elimination and/or mitigation to an acceptable level of risks that threaten the capabilities of an organization. Safety means the state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to and maintained at or below an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. Safety assessment means a systematic analysis of a proposed change to equipment or procedures to identify and mitigate weaknesses before change is implemented. Safety assurance means what the maintenance organisation do with regard to safety performance monitoring and measurement. Safety audit means what the Civil Aviation Authority performs with regard to its safety programme and the maintenance organizations perform with regard to the SMS. Safety Management System (SMS) means a systematic approach to managing safety including the necessary organizational structures accountabilities policies and For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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•

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procedures. Safety manager means a person who is responsible for providing guidance and direction for the operation of the organization's safety management system. Safety oversight means the activities of Civil Aviation Authority as part of its safety programme performed with regard to the maintenance organisation SMS in order to confirm the organization's continuing fulfillment of its corporate safety policy objectives goals and standards.


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3. General • The maintenance organisation shall establish maintain and adhere to a Safety Management System (SMS) that is appropriate to the size nature and complexity of its scope of work and the safety hazards and risks related to it.

4. Safety policy and objectives 4.1. General requirements • A maintenance organization shall define the organization's safety policy. • The safety policy shall be signed by the Accountable Executive of the organization. • The safety policy shall be in accordance with all applicable legal requirements and international standards best industry


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practices and shall reflect organizational commitments regarding safety. The safety policy shall be communicated with visible endorsement throughout the organization. The safety policy shall include a clear statement about the provision of the necessary human and financial resources for its implementation. The safety policy shall among other things include the following objectives: Y Commitment to implement an SMS; Y Commitment to continual improvement in the level of safety; Y Commitment to the management of safety risks; Y Commitment to encourage employees to report safety issues; Y Establishment of clear standards for acceptable behaviour; and Y Identification of responsibilities of management and employees with respect to safety performance. The safety policy shall be reviewed periodically to ensure it remains relevant and appropriate to the organization. A maintenance organisation shall establish safety objectives for the SMS. The safety objectives should be linked to the safety performance indicators safety performance targets and safety requirements of the maintenance organizations SMS.



4.2. Organizational structure and responsibilities • A maintenance organisation shall identify an Accountable Executive to be responsible and accountable on behalf of the maintenance organisation for meeting the requirements of this regulation and shall notify to PCAA the name of the •

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person. The Accountable Executive shall be a single identifiable person who irrespective of other functions shall have the ultimate responsibility for the implementation and maintenance of the SMS. A maintenance organisation shall establish the safety structure necessary for the implementation and maintenance of the organization's SMS. A maintenance organisation shall identify the safety responsibilities of all members of senior management irrespective of other responsibilities. Safety-related positions responsibilities and authorities shall be defined documented and communicated throughout the organization. A maintenance organisation shall identify a Safety Manager to be the member of management who shall be the responsible individual and focal point for the development and maintenance of an effective SMS. The Safety Manager shall: Y Ensure that processes needed for the SMS are established implemented and maintained;



Y Report to the Accountable Executive on the performance of the SMS and on any need for improvement; Y Ensure safety promotion throughout the organization. 4.3. SMS implementation plan • A maintenance organization shall develop and maintain an SMS implementation plan. • The SMS implementation plan shall be the definition of the approach the organization will adopt for managing safety in a manner that will meet the organization's safety needs. • The SMS implementation plan shall include the following: Y Safety policy and objectives; Y Safety planning Y System description; Y Gap analysis; Y SMS components; Y Safety roles and responsibilities; Y Safety reporting policy; Y Means of employee involvement; Y Safety training; Y Safety communication; Y Safety performance measurement; and Y Management review of safety performance


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4.5. Documentation • A maintenance organisation shall develop and maintain SMS documentation in paper or electronic form to describe the following: Y Safety policy; Y Safety objectives; Y SMS requirements procedures and processes;

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Y Responsibilities and authorities for procedures and processes; and Y SMS outputs A maintenance organisation shall as part of the SMS documentation develop and maintain a Safety Management System Manual (SMSM) to communicate the organization's approach to safety throughout the organization. The SMSM shall document all aspects of the SMS and its contents shall include the following: Y Scope of the Safety Management System; Y Safety policy and objectives; Y Safety accountabilities; Y Key safety personnel; Y Documentation control procedures; Y Hazard identification and risk management schemes; Y Safety performance monitoring; Y Emergency response/contingency planning; Y Management of change; and



Y

Safety promotion

5. Safety risk management 5.1. General • A maintenance organisation shall develop and maintain Safety Data Collection and Processing systems (SDCPS) that provide for the identification of hazards and the analysis assessment and mitigation of safety risks. • A maintenance organisation's SDCPS shall include reactive proactive and predictive methods of safety data collection.

6. Safety assurance 6.1. General • A maintenance organisation shall develop and maintain safety assurance processes to ensure that the safety risks controls developed as a consequence of the hazard identification and risk management activities under paragraph 7 achieve their intended objectives. • Safety assurance processes shall apply to an SMS whether the activities are accomplished internally or outsourced.

6.2. Safety performance monitoring and measurement


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A maintenance organization shall as part of the SMS safety assurance activities develop and maintain the necessary means to verify safety performance of the organization in comparison with the approved safety policies and objectives and to validate the effectiveness of implemented safety risk controls. Safety performance monitoring and measurement means shall include the following: Y Safety reporting; Y Safety audits; Y Safety surveys; Y Safety reviews; Y Safety studies; and Y Internal safety investigations The safety reporting procedure shall set out the conditions to ensure effective safety reporting including the conditions under protection from disciplinary/administrative action shall apply.


7.2. Safety training •

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A maintenance organization shall as part of its safety promotion activities develop and maintain a safety-training program that ensures that personnel are trained and competent to perform the SMS duties. The scope of the safety training shall be appropriate to the individual's involvement in the SMS. The Accountable Executive shall receive safety awareness training regarding: Y Safety policy and objectives; Y SMS roles and responsibilities; and Y Safety assurance

7.4. Quality policy A maintenance organization shall ensure that the organization quality policy is consistent with and supports the fulfillment of the activities of the SMS.

7. Safety promotion 7.1. General •

A maintenance organisation shall develop and maintain formal safety training and safety communication activities to create an environment where the safety objectives of the organization can be achieved.





EASA Part 145 SECT/ON A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 145.A.10 Scope This Section establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components.

1. For base maintenance of aircraft aircraft hangars are both available and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base maintenance; 2. For component maintenance component workshops are large enough to accommodate the components on planned maintenance. (b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of the planned work and certifying staff so that they can carry out their designated tasks in a manner that contributes to good aircraft maintenance standards.

145.A.15 Application An application for the issue or change of an approval shall be made to the competent authority in a form and manner established by such authority. 145.A.20 Terms of Approval The organisation shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval in its exposition 145.A.25 Facility requirements The organisation shall ensure that: (a) Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work ensuring in particular protection from the weather elements. Specialised workshops and bays are segregated as appropriate to ensure that environmental and work area contamination is unlikely to occur. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 27

(c) The working environment including aircraft hangars component workshops and office accommodation is appropriate for the task carried out and in particular special requirements observed. Unless otherwise dictated by the particular task environment the working environment must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not impaired (d) Secure storage facilities are provided for components equipment tools and material. Storage conditions ensure segregation of serviceable components and material from unserviceable aircraft components material equipment and tools. The conditions of storage are in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorised personnel.



145.A.30 Personnel requirements (a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by this Part. (b) The organisation shall nominate a person or group of persons whose responsibilities include ensuring that the organisation complies with this Part. Such person(s) shall ultimately be responsible to the accountable manager. (c) The accountable manager shall appoint a person with responsibility for monitoring the quality system including the associated feedback system .The appointed person shall have direct access to the accountable manager to ensure that the accountable manager is kept properly informed on quality and compliance matters.


personnel involved in any maintenance management and/or quality audits in accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed by the competent authority. In addition to the necessary expertise related to the job function competence must include an understanding of the application of human factors and human performance issues appropriate to that person's function in the organisation. 'Human factors' means principles which apply to aeronautical design certification training operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human and other system components by proper consideration of human performance. 'Human performance' means human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. (f) The organisation shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a continued airworthiness non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/or components are appropriately qualified for the particular non-destructive test in accordance with the European or equivalent Standard recognized by the Agency. Personnel who carry out any other specialized task shall be appropriately qualified in accordance with officially recognized Standards.

(d) The organisation shall have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that the organisation has sufficient staff to plan perform supervise inspect and quality monitor the organisation in accordance with the approval. In addition the organisation shall have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any particular work shift or period.

(g) Any organisation maintaining aircraft shall in the case of aircraft line maintenance have appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category B1 B2 B3 as appropriate in accordance with Annex III (Part-66).

(e) The organisation shall establish and control the competence of

(h) Any organisation maintaining aircraft shall:




1. in the case of base maintenance of large aircraft have appropriate aircraft type rated certifying staff qualified as category C in accordance with Part-66. In addition the organisation shall have sufficient aircraft type rated staff qualified as category B1 B2 in accordance with Part-66 to support the category C certifying staff. 145.A.35 Certifying staff and support staff (a) the organisation shall ensure that certifying staff and support staff have an adequate understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or components to be maintained together with the associated organisation procedures. In the case of certifying staff this shall be accomplished before the issue or re-issue of the certification authorization. (i) 'Support staff' means those staff holding a Part-66 aircraft maintenance licence in category B1 B2 and/or B3 with the appropriate aircraft ratings working in a base maintenance environment while not necessarily holding certification privileges. (b) the organisation may only issue a certification authorization to certifying staff in relation to the basic categories or subcategories and any type rating listed on the aircraft maintenance licence as required by Annex III (Part-66) subject to the licence remaining valid throughout the validity period of the authorisation and the certifying staff remaining in compliance with Annex III (Part-66).



(c) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff are involved in at least 6 months of actual relevant aircraft or component maintenance experience in any consecutive 2-year period. For the purpose of this paragraph 'involved in actual relevant aircraft or component maintenance' means that the person has worked in an aircraft or component maintenance environment and has either exercised the privileges of the certification authorisation and/or has actually carried out maintenance on at least some of the aircraft type or aircraft group systems specified in the particular certification authorisation. (d) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff receive sufficient continuation training in each two year period to ensure that such staff have up-to-date knowledge of relevant technology organisation procedures and human factor issues. (e) The organisation shall establish a programme for continuation training for certifying staff and support staff as the basis for issuing certification authorisations under this Part to certifying staff and a procedure to ensure compliance with Part 66. (h) The certification authorisation must be in a style that makes its scope clear to the certifying staff and any authorised person who may require to examine the authorisation. Where codes are used to define scope the organisation shall make a code translation readily available. 'Authorised person' means the officials of the competent authorities the Agency and the Member State who has For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


responsibility for the oversight of the maintained aircraft or component. (i) The person responsible for the quality system shall also remain responsible on behalf of the organisation for issuing certification authorisations to certifying staff. Such person may nominate other persons to actually issue or revoke the certification authorisations in accordance with a procedure as specified in the exposition.


(b) The organisation shall ensure that all tools equipment and particularly test equipment as appropriate are controlled and calibrated according to an officially recognised standard at a frequency to ensure serviceability and accuracy. Records of such calibrations and traceability to the standard used shall be kept by the organisation. 145.A.42 Acceptance of components

145.A.40 Equipment, tools and material (a) The organisation shall have available and use the necessary equipment tools and material to perform the approved scope of work. 1. Where the manufacturer specifies a particular tool or equipment the organisation shall use that tool or equipment unless the use of alternative tooling or equipment is agreed by the competent authority via procedures specified in the exposition. 2. Equipment and tools must be permanently available except in the case of any tool or equipment that is so infrequently used that its permanent availability is not necessary. Such cases shall be detailed in an exposition procedure. 3. An organisation approved for base maintenance shall have sufficient aircraft access equipment and inspection platforms/docking such that the aircraft can be properly inspected. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 30

(a) All components shall be classified and appropriately segregated into the following categories: 1. Components which are in a satisfactory condition released on an EASA Form 1 or equivalent. 2. Unserviceable components which shall be maintained in accordance with this section. 3. Unsalvageable components 4. Standard parts used on an aircraft engine propeller or other aircraft component when specified in the manufacturer's illustrated parts catalogue and/or the maintenance data. 5. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of maintenance when the organisation is satisfied that the material meets the required specification and has appropriate traceability. All material must be accompanied by documentation clearly relating to the particular material and containing a conformity to specification statement plus both the manufacturing and supplier source. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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(b) Prior to installation of a component the organisation shall ensure that the particular component is eligible to be fitted when different modification and/or airworthiness directive standards may be applicable. (c) The organisation may fabricate a restricted range of parts to be used in the course of undergoing work within its own facilities provided procedures are identified in the exposition. (d) Components which have reached their certified life limit or contain a non- repairable defect shall be classified as unsalvageable and shall not be permitted to re-enter the component supply system unless certified life limits have been extended or a repair solution has been approved according to Part-21. 145.A.45 Maintenance data (a) The organisation shall hold and use applicable current maintenance data in the performance of maintenance including modifications and repairs. 'Applicable' means relevant to any aircraft component or process specified in the organisation's approval class rating schedule and in any associated capability list. In the case of maintenance data provided by an operator or customer the organisation shall hold such data when the work is in progress with the exception of that the organisation retains a copy of all detailed maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for three years from the date the aircraft or component to which the work relates was released from the ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 31


organisation (b) For the purposes of this Part applicable maintenance data shall be any of the following: 1. Any applicable requirement procedure operational directive or information issued by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; 2. Any applicable airworthiness directive issued by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; 3. Instructions for continuing airworthiness issued by type certificate holders supplementary type certificate holders any other organisation required to publish such data by Part21 and in the case of aircraft or components from third countries the airworthiness data mandated by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; 4. Any applicable standard such as but not limited to maintenance standard practices recognised by the Agency as a good standard for maintenance; 5. Any applicable data that is modified i.a.w a procedure specified in the M.O.E (c) The organisation shall establish procedures to ensure that if found any inaccurate incomplete or ambiguous procedure practice information or maintenance instruction contained in the maintenance data used by maintenance personnel is recorded and notified to the author of the maintenance data.


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(d) The organisation may only modify maintenance instructions in accordance with a procedure specified in the maintenance organisation's exposition. With respect to those changes the organisation shall demonstrate that they result in equivalent or improved maintenance standards and shall inform the typecertificate holder of such changes. Maintenance instructions for the purposes of this paragraph means instructions on how to carry out the particular maintenance task: they exclude the engineering design of repairs and modifications. (e) The organisation shall provide a common work card or worksheet system to be used throughout relevant parts of the organisation. In addition the organisation shall either transcribe accurately the maintenance data onto such work cards or worksheets or make precise reference to the particular maintenance task or tasks contained in such maintenance data. Work cards and worksheets may be computer generated and held on an electronic database subject to both adequate safeguards against unauthorized alteration and a back-up electronic database which shall be updated within 24 hours of any entry made to the main electronic database. Complex maintenance tasks shall be transcribed onto the work cards or worksheets and subdivided into clear stages to ensure a record of the accomplishment of the complete maintenance task. Where the organisation provides a maintenance service to an aircraft operator who requires their work card or worksheet system to be used then such work card or worksheet system may be used. In this case the organisation shall establish a procedure to ensure correct completion of the aircraft operators' work cards or ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 32


worksheets. (f) The organisation shall ensure that all applicable maintenance data is readily available for use when required by maintenance personnel. (g) The organisation shall establish a procedure to ensure that maintenance data it controls is kept up to date. In the case of operator/customer controlled and provided maintenance data the organisation shall be able to show that either it has written confirmation from the operator/customer that all such maintenance data is up to date or it has work orders specifying the amendment status of the maintenance data to be used or it can show that it is on the operator/customer maintenance data amendment list. 145.A.47 Production planning (a) The organisation shall have a system appropriate to the amount and complexity of work to plan the availability of all necessary personnel tools equipment material maintenance data and facilities in order to ensure the safe completion of the maintenance work. (b) The planning of maintenance tasks and the organizing of shifts shall take into account human performance limitations. (c) When it is required to hand over the continuation or completion of maintenance tasks for reasons of a shift or personnel For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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changeover relevant information shall be adequately communicated between outgoing and incoming personnel.


such certificate. 145.A.55 Maintenance records

145.A.50 Certification of maintenance (a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately authorised certifying staff on behalf of the organisation when it has been verified that all maintenance ordered has been properly carried out by the organisation in accordance with the procedures specified in M.O.E taking into account the availability and use of the maintenance data and that there are no non-compliances which are known to endanger flight safety. (b) A certificate of release to service shall be issued before flight at the completion of any maintenance. (d) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any maintenance on a component whilst off the aircraft. The authorised release certificate 'EASA Form 1' constitutes the component certificate of release to service. When an organisation maintains a component for its own use an EASA Form 1 may not be necessary depending upon the organization's internal release procedures defined in the exposition. (e) when the organisation is unable to complete all maintenance ordered it may issue a certificate of release to service within the approved aircraft limitations. The organisation shall enter such fact in the aircraft certificate of release to service before the issue of ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 33

(a) The organisation shall record all details of maintenance work carried out. As a minimum the organisation shall retain records necessary to prove that all requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service including subcontractor's release documents. (b) The organisation shall provide a copy of each certificate of release to service to the aircraft operator together with a copy of any specific repair/modification data used for repairs/modifications carried out. (c) The organisation shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for three years from the date the aircraft or component to which the work relates was released from the organisation. 145.A.60 Occurrence reporting (a) The organisation shall report to the competent authority the state of registry and the organisation responsible for the design of the aircraft or component any condition of the aircraft or component identified by the organisation that has resulted or may result in an unsafe condition that hazards seriously the flight safety.



(b) The organisation shall establish an internal occurrence reporting system as detailed in the exposition to enable the collection and evaluation of such reports including the assessment and extraction of those occurrences to be reported .This procedure shall identify adverse trends corrective actions taken or to be taken by the organisation to address deficiencies and include evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such occurrences and a method to circulate the information as necessary. (e) The organisation shall produce and submit such reports as soon as practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organisation identifying the condition to which the report relates. 145.A.65 Safety and quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system (a) The organisation shall establish a safety and quality policy for the organisation to be included in the exposition under M.O.E. (b) The organisation shall establish procedures agreed by the competent authority taking into account human factors and human performance to ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with this Part which shall include a clear work order or contract such that aircraft and components may be released to service in accordance with Certification of Maintenance.


1. Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required aircraft/ aircraft component standards and adequacy of the procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy aircraft/aircraft components. In the smallest organizations the independent audit part of the quality system may be contracted to another organisation approved under this Part or a person with appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory audit experience; and 2. A quality feedback reporting system to the person or group of persons and ultimately to the accountable manager that ensures proper and timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from the independent audits 145.A.70 Maintenance organisation exposition (a) 'Maintenance organisation exposition' means the document or documents that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute approval and showing how the organisation intends to comply with this Part. The organisation shall provide the competent authority with a maintenance organisation exposition containing the following information:

(c) The organisation shall establish a quality system that includes the following: ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 34



145.A.75 Privileges of the organisation


(e) Issue certificates of release to service in respect of completion of maintenance

In accordance with the exposition the organisation shall be entitled to carry out the following tasks:

145.A.80 Limitations on the organisation

(a) Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at the locations identified in the approval certificate and in the exposition;

The organisation shall only maintain an aircraft or component for which it is approved when all the necessary facilities equipment tooling material maintenance data and certifying staff are available.

(b) Arrange for maintenance of any aircraft or component for which it is approved at another organisation that is working under the quality system of the organisation. This refers to work being carried out by an organisation not itself appropriately approved to carry out such maintenance under this Part. This work scope shall not include a base maintenance check of an aircraft or a complete workshop maintenance check or overhaul of an engine or engine module;

145.A.85 Changes to the organisation

(c) Maintain any aircraft or any component for which it is approved at any location subject to the need for such maintenance arising either from the unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity of supporting occasional line maintenance subject to the conditions specified in the exposition; (d) Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at a location identified as a line maintenance location capable of supporting minor maintenance and only if the organisation exposition both permits such activity and lists such locations;


The organisation shall notify the competent authority of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes before such changes take place to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with this Part and to amend if necessary the approval certificate except that in the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand these changes must be notified at the earliest opportunity: 1. the name of the organisation; 2. the main location of the organisation; 3. additional locations of the organisation; 4. the accountable manager; 5. any of the persons nominated under Personal Requirement 145.A.30 (b); 6. the facilities equipment tools material procedures work scope or certifying staff that could affect the approval.



145.A.90 Continued validity


satisfaction of the competent authority within a period agreed with this authority.

(a) An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid subject to: 1. the organisation remaining in compliance with Part-145 in accordance with the provisions related to the handling of findings; and 2. the competent authority being granted access to the organisation to determine continued compliance with this Part; and 3. the certificate not being surrendered or revoked. (b) Upon surrender or revocation the approval shall be returned to the competent authority. 145.A.95 Findings (a) A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with Part-145 requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety. (b) A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the Part-145 requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety. (d) After receipt of notification of findings the holder of the maintenance organisation approval shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 3 - 36






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Sub Module 4 - Operation Of Aircraft

Sub Module 4

OPERATION OF AIRCRAFT



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4.1 Commercial Air Transport/Commercial Operations Air Operators Certificate (AOC) • The purpose of an AOC (Air Operators Certificate) is to ensure that any person or company operating aircraft for the purpose of commercial air transportation do so in a regulated and safe manner. •

It is a requirement of ICAO Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft) EU-OPS and CARs 1994 that the AOC shall be granted before any commercial operation takes place.

•

In accordance with CARs 1994 Part XI regarding Licensing & Certification of Commercial Air Operations Section 3 Air Operator Certificate Rule 186 of CAR 1994 Operators to hold an Air Operator Certificate states that: Y Notwithstanding the provisions of Part XI (Licensing & Certification of Commercial Air Operations) Section 2 (Licensing of Comm ercial Operators) of this Part an aircraft shall not fly for the purpose of: o regular public transport; o charter; or o aerial work;

Y In accordance with Rule 187 of CAR 1994 DGCAA Pakistan issues or renews AOC to a company Y The AOC shall be issued for the purpose of Regular public transport Charter or Aerial work. Y CAR 187 further requires that AOC holders should have adequate maintenance facilities equipment and staff for safe operation. Y Flight Standards Directorate is the authorized office to accept and process the formal application of the operator for grant of AOC. Y The relevant requirements have been prescribed in the latest revision of ANO 91.0001 on "Requirements for the Issue Renewal & for Continued validity of Air Operators Certificate". Airworthiness Directorate coordinates with Director Flight Standards for compliance with airworthiness aspects of Issuance of an AOC. EU-OPS SECTION 1 Subpart 8 1.005 •

Unless the operator of that aircraft holds an air operator certificate issued by the Director General.


General

An operator applying for an AOC or a variation of an AOC must allow the Authority to examine all safety aspects of the proposed operation.


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•

The applicant must also: o Not hold an AOC issued by another Authority unless specifically approved by the Authorities concerned. o

Have his principal place of business and registered office located in the state responsible for issuing the AOC.

o

Have registered the aero planes that are to be operated under the AOC in the state responsible for issuing the AOC.

o

•

•


Satisfy the Authority that he is able to conduct safe operations.

The above statements outline the requirements for the issue of an AOC. To achieve the issue of an AOC an operator must satisfy the Authority that the organization and management are suitable and appropriate to the scope of the operation. This shall include the following: o Nomination of an Accountable manager acceptable to the Authority who has corporate authority for ensuring all operations and maintenance activities are carried out to the standard required by the Authority.


o

•

The operator must nominate post holders acceptable to the Authority who are responsible for the management and supervision of the following areas YFlight operations YThe maintenance system YCrew training YGround operations

Procedures for the supervision of operations shall include the following: o The operator must ensure that each flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the operations manual. o The operator must arrange appropriate ground handling facilities to ensure the safe handling of its flights. o The operator must ensure that its aeroplanes are equipped and its crew are qualified as required for the area and type of operation. o The operator must comply with the maintenance requirements in accordance with sub-part M for all


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aeroplanes operated under the terms of its AOC. o The operator must provide the Authority with a copy of the operations manual

EU-OPS 1.035 •

In support of monitoring the compliance with and adequacy of all the above the operator will establish a Quality System and appoint a Quality Manager. They are tasked to ensure safe operational practices and airworthy aeroplanes.

•

Compliance monitoring must include a feedback system to the Accountable manager to ensure corrective action as necessary

o The operator must maintain operational support facilities at the main operating base appropriate for the area and type of operation

4.2

Operators Responsibility in particular Continuing Airworthiness & Maintenance

EU-OPS 1.020 •

Laws, Regulations and Procedures

An operator must ensure that all employees and crew members are aware of and comply with the laws regulations and procedures of those states in which operations are conducted and which are pertinent to the performance of their duties.

EU-OPS 1.030 •

regarding

Quality system

In pursuance of the grant maintenance or renewal of an AOC the operator will allow the Authority access to the organisation and aeroplanes and shall ensure that with respect to maintenance access is granted to any associated IR Part-145 maintenance organisation to determine continued compliance with EU-OPS. NOTE: An AOC will be varied, suspended or revoked if the Authority is no longer satisfied that the operator can maintain SAFE OPERATIONS.

Minimum equipment lists

An operator must establish a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) approved by the Authority for each aircraft type.



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Sub Module 4 - Operation Of Aircraft •

4.3

DOCUMENTS TO 8E CARRIED •

4.3.1 In accordance with EU-OPS •

An operator of any commercial air operation will ensure that the following are carried on each flight o

The Certificate of Registration

o

The Certificate of Airworthiness

o

Noise Certificate

o

Air Operators Certificate

o

Aircraft Radio License

o

•

Further requirements stated in EU-OPS 1.130 & 1.135 that MANUALS and ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND FORMS to be carried. Current parts of the Operations Manual relevant to the duties of the crew are carried on each flight. o Parts of the operations manual which are required for the conduct of the flight are easily available to the crew. o

Airplane Flight Manual.

o

Operational Flight Plan

o

Airplane Technical Log

o

Detail of ATS Flight Plan

o

Appropriate NOTAM briefing documentation.

o

Appropriate meteorological information

o

Mass and documentation

o

Notification of special category passengers

o

Notification of hazardous cargo.

Certificate of Third Party liability insurance

Additionally each flight crew member shall on each flight carry a valid flight crew licence with appropriate ratings for the purpose of the flight.

NOTE "should documentation be lost or stolen operations may continue to base or a place where a replacement document can be provided."


balance



AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 4 - Operation Of Aircraft

4.3.2 In accordance with PCAA, CARs 1994, Rule 253

These documents will be discussed in detail in Chapter 5, "Aircraft Certification (Documents)



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4.4


Aircraft Placarding (Markings)

1) The aircraft must contain: • The specified markings and placards • Any information instrument markings and placards required for the safe operation if there are unusual design operating or handling characteristics. 2) Each marking and placard described above • Must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and • May not be easily erased disfigured or obscured. 3) Instrument markings: • When markings are on the cover glass of the instrument there must be means to maintain the correct alignment of the glass cover with the face of the dial •

Each instrument marking must be appropriate crew member


clearly visible to the


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Sub Module 5 - Aircraft Certification (General)

Sub Module S

AIRCRAFT CERTIFICATION



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5.1.1


Certification Rules

STRUCTURE: (e.g. gust envelopes envelope fatigue requirements etc.).

maneuvers

(European Aviation Certification Standards EACS or CS) • •

•

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: (e.g. emergency evacuation provisions fire protection etc.).

EACS 23/25/27/29 is based on the equivalent EASA requirements. An important element of this development has been the harmonization with the corresponding United States legislation FAR-25. The above referenced information is categorized as follows:

POWERPLANT INSTALLATION: (e.g. uncontained powerplant failure fuel and oil system requirements etc.). SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT: (e.g. systems safety analyses: requirements for electrical hydraulic and pneumatic systems: required equipment for fli ght and navigation etc.).

CS-23 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Normal Utility Aerobatic and Commuter category aeroplanes. Y CS-25 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Large Aeroplanes. Y CS-27 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Small Rotorcraft. Y CS-29 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Large Rotorcraft. Y

•

The content of the standards is generally divided into the following topics

PERFORMANCES: (e.g. climb gradients one engine inoperative) and handling qualities (e.g. static and dynamic stability control force etc.).


MANUALS AND LIMITATIONS: (e.g. speed limitations flight manual continued airworthiness manual etc.).

5.1.2

Type Certification

•

Before the production of Aircraft Engines or Propellers the manufacturer needs a Type certificate from his Regulatory body. • The authority will only accept an application for a type certificate provided the manufacturer holds an appropriate Design Organization Approval (under PART 21). • In Europe the Type certificates are issued by National Aviation


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•

Authorities in accordance with EASA regulations on behalf of the Agency when products show compliance with the requirements of EASA i.e. aircraft manufacturers have demonstrated compliance with CS 23 25 27 or 29. The applicant (usually the manufacturer) will be issued with the type certificate; he now becomes the Type Certificate Holder and assumes responsibilities with regard to continuing support of products throughout their service.


•

One responsibility for the type certificate holder is to keep a register of all known users of the product and to communicate all new and updated airworthiness data to them.

•

Further to this he must produce maintenance and overhaul manuals illustrated parts catalogues etc. and provide a full range of product support facilities to ensure continued airworthiness of the items manufactured to the Type Certificate.

•

An application for type-certification of large aeroplanes and large rotorcraft shall be effective for five years and an application for any other type-certificate shall be effective for three years unless an applicant shows at the time of application that its product requires a longer period of time for design development and testing and the Agency approves a longer period.

5.1.2.1 Type Certificate Data Sheet •

•

The Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) documents the conditions and limitations necessary to meet the airworthiness requirements. It is a highly structured reference document maintained by the Type Certificate holder and published by the National Airworthiness Authority. It contains o o o o o

Holder of the Type Certificate Basis of Certification Power plants Fuel Limitations

o o o o o o

Required equipment Qualifying aircraft (prototype) serial numbers Weight and balance Minimum crew Maximum passengers Service information



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5.1.3 •

•

• •


Supplemental Type Certificate A Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) is a document issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (Manufacturer Regulatory Body) approving a product (aircraft engine or propeller) modification. The STC defines the product design change states how the modification affects the existing type design and lists serial number effectively. It also identifies the certification basis listing specific regulatory compliance for the design change. Information contained in the certification basis is helpful for those applicants proposing subsequent product modifications and evaluating certification basis compatibility with other STC modifications.


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5.1.4 •

Part-21 Design/Production Organization Approvals EASA Part 21 is related to Certification of aircraft and related products parts and appliances and of design and production organizations

SU8PART G PRODUCTION ORGANISATION APPROVAL 21A.131 Scope This Subpart establishes: (a) The procedure for the issuance of a production organisation approval for a production organisation showing conformity of products parts and appliances with the applicable design data. (b) The rules governing the rights and obligations of the applicant for and holders of such approvals. 21A.133 Eligibility Any natural or legal person ('organisation') shall be eligible as an applicant for an approval under this Subpart. The applicant shall: (a) justify that for a defined scope of work an approval under this Subpart is appropriate for the purpose of showing conformity with a specific design; and ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5-5



(b) hold or have applied for an approval of that specific design; or (c) have ensured through an appropriate arrangement with the applicant for or holder of an approval of that specific design satisfactory coordination between production and design. 21A.134 Application Each application for a production organisation approval shall be made to the Competent Authority in a form and manner established by that authority 21A.135 Issue of Production Organisation Approval An organisation shall be entitled to have a production organisation approval issued by the Competent Authority when it has demonstrated compliance with the applicable requirements 21A.139 Quality system (a) The production organisation shall demonstrate that it has established and is able to maintain a quality system. The quality system shall be documented. This quality system shall be such as

to enable the organisation to ensure that each product part or appliance produced by the organisation or by its partners or ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5-6

AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 5 - Aircraft Certification (General)

of approval control procedures for: (i) Document issue approval or change. (ii) Vendor and subcontractor assessment audit and control. (iii) Verification that incoming products parts materials and equipment including items supplied new or used by buyers of products are as specified in the applicable design data. (iv) Identification and traceability. (v) Manufacturing processes. (vi) Inspection and testing including production flight tests. (vii) Calibration of tools jigs and test equipment. (viii) Non conforming item control. (ix) Airworthiness coordination with the applicant for or holder of the design approval. (x) Records completion and retention. (xi) Personnel competence and qualification. (xii) Issue of airworthiness release documents. (xiii) Handling storage and packing. (xiv) Internal quality audits and resulting corrective actions. (xv) Work within the terms of approval performed at supplied from or subcontracted to outside parties conforms to the applicable design data and is in For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

PIA Training Centre condition for safe operation and thus exercise the privileges. (b) The quality system shall contain as applicable within the scope


AVIATION LEGISLATION any location other than the approved facilities. (xvi) Work carried out after completion of production but prior to delivery to maintain the aircraft in a condition for safe operation. (xvii) Issue of permit to fly and approval of associated



flight conditions. The control procedures need to include specific provisions for any critical parts. 21A.143 Production Organization Exposition (P.O.E) (a) The organization shall submit to the Competent Authority a production organization exposition providing the following information: 1.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7.

8. 9.

A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that the production organisation exposition and any associated manuals which define the approved organisation's compliance with this Subpart will be complied with at all times. The title(s) and names of managers accepted by the Competent Authority The duties and responsibilities of the manager(s) as required including matters on which they may deal directly with the Competent Authority on behalf of the organisation. An organizational chart showing associated chains of responsibility of the managers A list of certifying staff A general description of man-power resources. A general description of the facilities located at each address specified in the production organisation's certificate of approval. A general description of the production organisation's scope of work relevant to the terms of approval. The procedure for the notification of organisational changes to the Competent Authority.


AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 5 - Aircraft Certification (General) 10. The amendment procedure for the production organisation exposition. 11. A description of the quality system and the procedures 12. A list of outside parties

(b) The production organisation exposition shall be amended as necessary to remain an up-to-date description of the organisation and copies of any amendments shall be supplied to the Competent Authority. 21A.145 Approval requirements The production organisation shall demonstrate on the basis of the information submitted in accordance with Production Organization Exposition that: (a) with regard to general approval requirements facilities working conditions equipment and tools processes and associated materials number and competence of staff and general organisation are adequate to discharge obligations. (b) with regard to all necessary airworthiness noise fuel venting and exhaust emissions data: 1. The production organisation is in receipt of such data from the Agency and from the holder of or applicant for the type-certificate restricted type-certificate or design



approval to determine conformity with the applicable design data. 2. The production organisation has established a procedure to ensure that airworthiness noise fuel venting and exhaust emissions data are correctly incorporated in its production data. 3. Such data are kept up to date and made available to all personnel who need access to such data to perform their duties.

(c) with regard to management and staff: 1. A manager has been nominated by the production organisation and is accountable to the Competent Authority. His or her responsibility within the organisation

shall consist of ensuring that all production is performed to the required standards and that the production organisation is continuously in compliance with the data and procedures identified in the exposition referred to in Exposition. 2. A person or group of persons have been nominated by the production organisation to ensure that the organisation is in compliance with the requirements of this Part and are identified together with the extent of their authority. Such person(s) shall act under the direct authority of the accountable manager. The persons nominated shall be able to show the appropriate ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5-9


knowledge background and experience to discharge their responsibilities. 3. Staff at all levels have been given appropriate authority to be able to discharge their allocated responsibilities and that there is full and effective coordination within the production organisation in respect of airworthiness noise fuel venting and exhaust emission data matters. (d) with regard to certifying staff authorised by the production organisation to sign the documents issued : 1. The knowledge background (including other functions in the organisation) and experience of the certifying staff are to discharge their allocated appropriat e responsibilities. 2. The production organisation maintains a record of all certifying staff which shall include details of the scope of their authorisation. 3. Certifying staff are provided with evidence of the scope of their authorisation.

21A.147 Changes to the approved production organisation (a) After the issue of a production organisation approval each change to the approved production organisation that is significant to the showing of conformity or to the airworthiness and characteristics of noise fuel venting and exhaust emissions of the product part or appliance particularly changes to the quality system shall be For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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approved by the Competent Authority. An application for approval



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shall be submitted in writing to the Competent Authority and the organisation shall demonstrate to the Competent Authority before implementation of the change that it will continue to comply with this Subpart.

approval.

(b) The Competent Authority shall establish the conditions under which a production organisation approved under this Subpart may operate during such changes unless the Competent Authority determines that the approval should be suspended.

Each change to the terms of approval shall be approved by the Competent Authority. An application for a change to the terms of approval shall be made in a form and manner established by the Competent Authority. The applicant shall comply with the applicable requirements of this Subpart.

21A.153 Changes to the terms of approval

21A.148 Changes of location 21A.157 Investigations A change of the location of the manufacturing facilities of the approved production organisation shall be deemed of significance and therefore shall comply with changes to the approved production organization 21A.149 Transferability Except as a result of a change in ownership which is deemed significant a production organisation approval is not transferable. 21A.151 Terms of approval The terms of approval shall identify the scope of work the products or the categories of parts and appliances or both for which the holder is entitled to exercise the privileges. Those terms shall be issued as part of a production organisation ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5 - 11

A production organisation shall make arrangements that allow the Competent Authority to make any investigations including investigations of partners and subcontractors necessary to determine compliance and continued compliance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart. 21A.158 Findings (a) When objective evidence is found showing non compliance of the holder of a production organisation approval with the applicable requirements of this Part the finding shall be classified as follows: 1.

A level one finding is any non-compliance with this Part which could lead to uncontrolled non-compliances with applicable design data and which could affect the safety of the aircraft. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Sub Module 5 - Aircraft Certification (General) A level two finding is any non-compliance with this Part which is not classified as level one.

approval in a timely manner. 21A.159 Duration and continued validity

(b) A level three finding is any item where it has been identified by objective evidence to contain potential problems that could lead to a non-compliance (c) After receipt of notification of findings Authority 1.

2.

from the Competent

In case of a level one finding the holder of the production organization approval shall demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the Competent Authority within a period of no more than 21 working days after written confirmation of the finding. In case of level two findings the corrective action period

granted by the Competent Authority shall be appropriate to the nature of the finding but in any case initially shall not be more than six months. In certain circumstances and subject to the nature of the finding the Competent Authority may extend the six month period subject to a satisfactory corrective action plan agreed by the Competent Authority. 3. A level three finding shall not require immediate action by the holder of the production organisation approval.

(d) In case of level one or level two findings the production organisation approval may be subject to a partial or full limitation suspension or revocation. The holder of the production organisation approval shall provide confirmation of receipt of the notice of limitation suspension or revocation of the production organisation ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5 - 10

(a) A production organisation approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid unless: 1. 2.

The production organisation fails to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart; or The Competent Authority is prevented by the holder or any of its partners or subcontractors to perform the investigations; or

3. There is evidence that the production organisation cannot maintain satisfactory control of the manufacture of products parts or appliances under the approval; or 4. The production organisation no longer meets the requirements of Eligibility or 5. the certificate has been surrendered or revoked. Upon surrender or revocation the certificate shall be returned to the Competent Authority. SU8PART J DESIGN ORGANISATION APPROVAL 21A.231 Scope This Subpart establishes the procedure for the approval of design organizations and rules governing the rights and obligations of


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applicants for and holders of such approvals.

21A.233 Eligibility Any natural or legal person ('organisation') shall be eligible as an applicant for an approval under this Subpart 21A.234 Application Each application for a design organisation approval shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency


1. To ensure that the design of the products parts and appliances or the design change thereof comply with the applicable type-certification basis and environmental protection requirements; and 2. To ensure that its responsibilities are properly discharged in accordance with: (i) The appropriate provisions of this Part; and (ii) The terms of approval. 3. To independently monitor the compliance with and adequacy of the documented procedures of the system. This monitoring shall include a feed-back system to a person or a group of persons having the responsibility to ensure corrective actions.

21A.235 Issue of design organisation approval An organisation shall be entitled to have a design organisation approval issued by the Agency when it has demonstrated compliance with the applicable requirements under this Subpart. 21A.239 Design assurance system (a) The design organisation shall demonstrate that it has established and is able to maintain a design assurance system for the control and supervision of the design and of design changes of products parts and appliances covered by the application. This design assurance system shall be such as to enable the organisation:


(b) The design assurance system shall include an independent checking function of the showings of compliance on the basis of which the organisation submits compliance statements and associated documentation to the Agency. (c) The design organisation shall specify the manner in which the design assurance system accounts for the acceptability of the parts or appliances designed or the tasks performed by partners or subcontractor according to methods which are the subject of written procedures. 21A.243 Data (a) The design organisation shall furnish a handbook to the Agency For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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describing directly or by cross-reference the organisation the relevant procedures and the products or changes to products to be designed. (b) Where any parts or appliances or any changes to the products are designed by partner organisations or subcontractors the handbook shall include a statement of how the design organisation is able to give for all parts and appliances the assurance of compliance and shall contain directly or by cross-reference descriptions and information on the design activities and organisation of those partners or subcontractors as necessary to establish this statement. (c) The handbook shall be amended as necessary to remain an upto-date description of the organisation and copies of amendments shall be supplied to the Agency. (d) The design organisation shall furnish a statement of the qualifications and experience of the management staff and other persons responsible for making decisions affecting airworthiness and environmental protection in the organisation.


(a) The staff in all technical departments are of sufficient numbers and experience and have been given appropriate authority to be able to discharge their allocated responsibilities and that these together with the accommodation facilities and equipment are adequate to enable the staff to achieve the airworthiness and environmental protection objectives for the product. (b) There is full and efficient coordination between departments and within departments in respect of airworthiness and environmental protection matters. 21A.247 Changes in design assurance system After the issue of a design organisation approval each change to the design assurance system that is significant to the showing of compliance or to the airworthiness and environmental protection of the product shall be approved by the Agency. An application for approval shall be submitted in writing to the Agency and the design organisation shall demonstrate to the Agency on the basis of submission of proposed changes to the handbook and before implementation of the change that it will continue to comply with this Subpart after implementation.

21A.245 Approval requirements 21A.249 Transferability The design organisation shall demonstrate on the basis of the information submitted in accordance with Design Organization Exposition (D.O.E) that in addition to complying with Design Assurance System ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5 - 12

Except as a result of a change in ownership which is deemed significant for the purposes of Changes in Design Assurance System a Design Organisation Approval is not transferable. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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requirements of this Subpart. 21A.251 Terms of approval The terms of approval shall identify the types of design work the categories of products parts and appliances for which the design organisation holds a design organisation approval and the functions and duties that the organisation is approved to perform in regard to the airworthiness and characteristics of noise fuel venting and exhaust emissions of products. For design organisation approval covering type-certification authorization for Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) the terms of approval shall contain in addition the list of products or APU. Those terms shall be issued as part of a design organisation approval. 21A.253 Changes to the terms of approval Each change to the terms of approval shall be approved by the Agency. An application for a change to the terms of approval shall be made in a form and manner established by the Agency. The design organisation shall comply with the applicable requirements of this Subpart.

(b) The design organisation shall allow the Agency to review any report and make any inspection and perform or witness any flight and ground test necessary to check the validity of the compliance statements submitted by the applicant 21A.258 Findings (a) When objective evidence is found showing non-compliance of the holder of a design organisation approval with the applicable requirements of this Part the finding shall be classified as follows: 1. A level one finding is any non-compliance with this Part which could lead to uncontrolled non-compliances with applicable requirements and which could affect the safety of the aircraft. 2. A level two finding is any non-compliance with this Part which is not classified as level one. (b) A level three finding is any item where it has been identified by objective evidence to contain potential problems that could lead to a non-compliance

21A.257 Investigations (a) The design organisation shall make arrangements that allow the Agency to make any investigations including investigations of partners and subcontractors necessary to determine compliance and continued compliance with the applicable


(c) After receipt of notification of findings under the applicable administrative procedures established by the Agency 1. In case of a level one finding the holder of the design organisation approval shall demonstrate corrective action to



the satisfaction of the Agency within a period of no more than 21 working days after written confirmation of the finding. 2. In case of level two findings the corrective action period granted by the Agency shall be appropriate to the nature of the finding but in any case initially shall not be more than six months. In certain circumstances and subject to the nature of the finding the Agency may extend the six month period subject to a satisfactory corrective action plan agreed by the Agency. 3. A level three finding shall not require immediate action by the holder of the design organisation approval.


3. There is evidence that the design assurance system cannot maintain satisfactory control and supervision of the design of products or changes thereof under the approval; or 4. the certificate has been surrendered or revoked under the applicable administrative procedures established by the Agency. (b) Upon surrender or revocation the certificate shall be returned to the Agency

(d) In case of level one or level two findings the design organisation approval may be subject to a partial or full suspension or revocation under the applicable administrative procedures established by the Agency. The holder of the design organisation approval shall provide confirmation of receipt of the notice of suspension or revocation of the design organisation approval in a timely manner. 21A.259 Duration and continued validity (a) A design organisation approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid unless: 1. The design organisation fails to demonstrate compliance with the applicable requirements of this Subpart; or 2. The Agency is prevented by the holder or any of its partners or subcontractors to perform the investigations; or








5.2.1 •

• • •

Certificate of Airworthiness A Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A) or an airworthiness certificate is issued for an aircraft by the national aviation authority in the state in which the aircraft is registered. The airworthiness certificate attests that the aircraft is airworthy insofar as the aircraft conforms to its type design. Each airworthiness certificate is issued in one or a number of different categories. References for "C of A" can be found in: Y ICAO Annex 8 -Airworthiness of Aircraft Y CARs 1994 Part IV Airworthiness Requirements Section 1 Certificate of Airworthiness Y Latest Revision of PCAA ANO-004-AWRG - Certificate of Airworthiness Permit to fly and Export Certificate of Airworthiness

5.2.1.1 General •

In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation and Rule 16 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994 no aircraft registered in Pakistan shall fly unless there is relating to that aircraft a current Certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan.


AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 5 - Aircraft Certification (Documents)

5.2.1.2 Categories of Certificate of Airworthiness • Aircraft is categorized according to the functions performed by it. • Civil Aviation Rules 1994 permit operation of the aircraft in the following categories: Y Regular Public Transport. Y Charter. Y Aerial Work. Y Private. 'Aerial work operations' means flight operations other than charter or regular public transport or private operations for which hire or reward is given or promised to the pilot the 'Charter operations' means flight operations in which an aircraft is used for the carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or reward; and any reference to "charter" has a corresponding meaning: Y to and from any place but not in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals; or Y in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals in circumstances in which the accommodation in the aircraft is not available for use by members of the public;


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'Private Operations' means flight operations other than aerial work charter or regular public transport in which no remuneration hire or reward is given to the pilot the owner or the operator of the aircraft in respect of that flight or the purpose of that flight. 'Regular Public Transport Operation' means flight operations in which an aircraft is used for the carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or reward in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals over specific routes with or without intermediate stopping places between terminals and any reference to "regular public transport" has a corresponding meaning. •

Owner/Operator of the aircraft shall specify in the application for issue / validation of Certificate of Airworthiness the category or categories mentioned above for which the aircraft is required to be certificated.

5.2.1.3 Issue / Validation of Certificate of Airworthiness •

To enable issue/validation of Certificate of Airworthiness (including Export Certificate of Airworthiness) the applicant shall provide to the Airworthiness Directorate the Certificate of Airworthiness issued by the State of


Sub Module 5 - Aircraft Certification (Documents)

•

•

•

Manufacture or by the State in which the aircraft was last registered together with the application on Form CAAF-127AWXX and requisite fee. In case an aircraft is entered on the Pakistan Civil Aircraft Register and having a valid "C of A" issued by a contracting state PCAA may validate that "C of A" issuing an authorization which shall not exceed the original validity of that "C of A" considering the previous C of A as satisfactory evidence in a whole or in part that the aircraft is in compliance with ICAO applicable standards of Annex-8 (Airworthiness of Aircraft). All the work required to be done on the aircraft for the issue of Certificate of Airworthiness shall be carried out by appropriately licensed aircraft maintenance engineer or an Organization approved by Airworthiness Directorate and shall conform to the requirements specifications drawings and instructions issued by the aircraft manufacturer. The aircraft shall be test flown according to flight test schedule acceptable to the Airworthiness Directorate to establish its compliance with: o The Airworthiness requirements of the State of Manufacture or the previous State of Registry. o In certain circumstances the Airworthiness Directorate may require special flight tests to determine conformity with the national Airworthiness requirements.


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o

•

•

•

Such other conditions as prescribed by the Airworthiness Directorate for issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness. The aircraft maintenance engineer or the approved Organization shall certify the aircraft to be fit for flight test as determined through inspections of the aircraft its records and manuals and that all applicable Airworthiness Directives mandatory modifications and inspections issued by the State of manufacture have been carried out and/or certified to have been carried out. The aircraft shall be weighed to determine its accurate empty weight and its corresponding centre of gravity to update its weight and balance schedule and trim sheets. The aircraft weighing shall be carried out under the supervision of Airworthiness Directorate for approval of its weight and balance schedule. Weighing carried out under the supervision of State of last registry may be accepted till its re-weighing becomes due. Its weight and balance schedule shall be prepared on format acceptable to PCAA. Prior to issue of first Certificate of Airworthiness by PCAA the Owner / Operator of the aircraft shall arrange training of at least four Airworthiness officials (02 Aerospace & 02 Avionics) so as to provide continued Airworthiness surveillance of the aircraft. The expenditures on the training will be at no cost to PCAA. This training will be provided along with own engineers / personnel required for maintenance of the aircraft engines and equipment. The


•

•

•

•

training shall be imparted by training centre approved by the Airworthiness Directorate. Following documents relating to the aircraft shall be submitted to Airworthiness Directorate for retention:Y A copy of type certificate and its technical data sheets or acceptable equivalent documents issued by the State of design/manufacture. Y A copy of the Certificate of Airworthiness for export issued by the State of manufacture/State of last registry or the current Certificate of Airworthiness. Y A copy of Flight Manual or acceptable equivalent document. Y A copy of the crew operations manual. A copy of the manufacturer's maintenance/service overhaul repair and wiring diagram manuals and illustrated parts catalogues of the aircraft engine propeller and installed equipment along with a written confirmation from the manufacturers thereof that amendments revisions or new issues will be supplied to the PCAA as and when these are issued. A complete set of all manufacturers service bulletins or equivalent documents issued in respect of the aircraft along with a written confirmation from the manufacturers thereof that amendments revisions or new issues will be supplied to the PCAA as and when these are issued. A copy of the aircraft weight and balance manual.


PIA Training Centre


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• •

•

A copy of production flight test report issued by the aircraft manufacturer. For aircraft assembled in Pakistan: Y Flight test report of the aircraft on Form CAAF-129AWXX. Y Flight test report of the aircraft's Avionics equipment on Form CAAF-131-AWXX. Y Ground test (ATC) report of the aircraft's Avionics equipment on Form CAAF-122-AWXX. The Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft will be issued by the Airworthiness Directorate and validated for a period of twelve (12) months by the nearest Airworthiness field office on Form CAAF-009AWXX after its necessary checks and inspections have been carried out satisfactorily.

5.2.1.4 RENEWAL OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINES •

The airworthiness field office will renew certificate of airworthiness of the aircraft when the owner/operator applies on Form CAAF-119-AWXX along with necessary fee. The application should reached at least 15 days prior to "C of A" expiry date. The aircraft shall comply with the following requirements: Y The aircraft has been serviced and maintained in accordance with schedule methods and procedures



Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

given by the manufacturer and approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; All inspections repairs overhauls modifications and replacements which affect Airworthiness have been carried out as prescribed by the manufacturer and approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; All certification maintenance requirements have been complied with at the prescribed intervals and by appropriately licensed personnel; All modifications or inspections declared mandatory by the Airworthiness Directorate have been complied with. Compliance of all applicable Airworthiness Directives mandatory modifications and inspections shall be intimated to the Airworthiness Directorate on Form CAAF-116-AWXX; Any parts of the aircraft that have an ultimate service life limit declared by the organization responsible for the type design or the Airworthiness Directorate have not exceeded their approved lives; If the aircraft has been released to service with any airworthiness significant systems components or equipment unserviceable this is in compliance with a minimum equipment list or similar document approved by the PCAA; If the aircraft has been released into service with any structural parts missing this is in compliance with


PIA Training Centre


Category - A/81/82

Y Y

Y

Y

Y

•

procedures approved by the Airworthiness Directorate. All minor damages and repairs are within limits as given in the structural repair manual for the aircraft; All markings and placards included in the approval of the type design and approved by the Airworthiness Directorate are available; The aircraft weight and balance data is in conformity with the requirements the Airworthiness of Directorate including reweighing (if required) and/or compliance with a system for recording progressive weight and balance change; The aircraft maintenance records are in conformity with the requirements the Airworthiness of Directorate; Airworthiness flight test shall be completed to ensure that the aircraft flight characteristics do not change significantly from the previous flight test and to ensure proper functioning of the aircraft and its systems in flight. However flight test report of the aircraft which is maintained under approved progressive maintenance schedule will be carried out as per the requirements given in the schedule. The flight test reports shall be submitted to the Airworthiness Directorate.

The Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft will be renewed for a period not exceeding twelve months from the



date of satisfactory flight test. The aircraft which is maintained under the approved progressive maintenance schedule will have its Certificates of Airworthiness renewed from the next day of its expiry period. The renewal will be affected after necessary checks and inspections have been carried out satisfactorily by the nearest Airworthiness field office. 5.2.1.5 INVALIDATION OF CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS

•

•

Any failure to maintain an aircraft in an Airworthiness condition as defined by the appropriate Airworthiness requirements laid down by the Airworthiness Directorate shall render the aircraft ineligible for operation until the aircraft is restored to an Airworthiness condition. Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft ceases to be valid: Y On expiry date of validity entered on the Certificate; Y If the aircraft or any of its equipment which is essential to the continued airworthiness of the aircraft is overhauled or repaired or such equipment is removed or replaced other than in a manner which complies with the maintenance and repair procedures issued by the aircraft and its equipment manufacturers and maintenance schedule approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; Y If the aircraft or its equipment is inspected and / or repaired by an organization not approved by the Airworthiness Directorate. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

If any inspection of the aircraft or of its equipment required by the approved maintenance procedures or schedules is not carried out; If any modification specified by the aircraft manufacturer or Airworthiness Directorate as mandatory for the continued Airworthiness of the aircraft is not carried out; If any modification is carried out or equipment installed other than as approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; If any Airworthiness Directive issued by the state of manufacture or a directive issued by the Airworthiness Directorate is not complied with; If the aircraft has sustained damage of such nature that in the opinion of a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer or authorized person or an approved maintenance organization it is no longer fit to fly. If the Airworthiness Directorate has reason to believe that the aircraft is not airworthy.


•

•

• 5.2.1.6 EXPORT CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS •

PCAA facilitates the transfer of aircraft into the register of another State by the issue of an "Export Certificate of Airworthiness". While not valid for the purpose of flight such a document provides confirmation by the exporting State of


recent satisfactory review of the airworthiness status of the aircraft. For facilitating the export of class I II & III products PCAA have adopted title for the export document "Export Certificate of Airworthiness". This is a statement to confirm to the importing State the acceptable airworthiness status of the aircraft or other product. In the case of a complete aircraft the Export Certificate of Airworthiness either confirms the aircraft's conformity with the approved design data and its acceptable airworthiness status stating in effect that if the aircraft were to remain on the registry of the exporting State it would continue to qualify for the continuance of its Certificate of Airworthiness or that the aircraft standard complies with the requirements of the importing State and its in a condition for safe operation. It is very important to understand that an export certificate of airworthiness is not a Certificate of Airworthiness and therefore does not confer the right of international flight and cannot be validated to fly internationally. An aircraft having an Export Certificate of Airworthiness will require a valid Certificate of Airworthiness issued by the State of Registry Part IV section I Rule 16(c) of the CARs 1994 requires an export certificate of airworthiness to be issued when a product is exported from Pakistan. An export certificate of airworthiness will be issued to:




Y New aircraft that are assembled and that have been flight tested and other Class I products located in Pakistan. Y Class II products. Y Class III products. Note • Class I product - is a complete aircraft aircraft engine or propeller which has been type certified and has been issued with a data sheet. • Class II product - is a major component of Class I product such as wings fuselages empennage assemblies landing gears power transmission control surfaces etc. the failure of which would jeopardize the safety of a Class I product. • Class III products - any part or component which is not a Class I or Class II product or a standard part.

The applicant will be entitled to an export certificate of airworthiness only if the applicant shows that the product meets all the airworthiness requirements. An export certificate of airworthiness does NOT authorize the operation of aircraft. The export certificate of airworthiness will be issued on the Form CAAF-010-AWXX. The applicant may apply for an export certificate of airworthiness on the form No. CAAF-107-AWXX.








5.2.2 •

•

•

•

•

•

•

Certificate of Registration An aircraft registration is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies a civil aircraft in similar fashion to a license plate on an automobile. In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation all aircraft must be registered with a national aviation authority and they must carry proof of this registration in the form of a legal document called a Certificate of Registration at all times when in operation. Most countries also require the aircraft registration to be imprinted on a permanent fireproof plate mounted on the fuselage for the purposes of post-fire/post-crash aircraft accident investigation. Because aeroplanes/airplanes display their registration numbers on the aft fuselage just forward of the tail in earlier times more often on the tail itself the registration is often referred to as the "tail number". Although each aircraft registration is unique some countries allow it to be re-used when the aircraft has been sold destroyed or retired. Also note that an individual aircraft may be assigned different registrations during its existence. This can be because the aircraft changes ownership jurisdiction of registration or in some cases for vanity reasons References for "C of R" can be found in:



Y ICAO Annex 7 (Aircraft Nationality & Registration Marks) Y CARs 1994 Part III Registration & Marking of Aircraft Section 1 Registration of Aircraft 5.2.2.1 General • In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation and Rule 7 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994 "An Aircraft other than a military aircraft shall not fly in Pakistan unless it has been included in Pakistan Aircraft Register or has been registered in a contracting state" 5.2.2.2 Nationality and registration marks • In accordance with CARs 1994 Part III Section 2 Rule 13 Y The nationality mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the letters "AP". Y The registration mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the group of three letters assigned to the aircraft and included in its certificate of registration. Y The nationality and registration marks allocated to an aircraft shall be painted on its structure or affixed by any other means giving a similar degree of permanence and shall be clean and visible at all times. Y An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall carry an identification plate inscribed with its nationality


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and registration marks. The plate shall be made of fire proof material and shall be secured to the aircraft in a prominent position near the main entrance.

Y

another State If the Certificate of Airworthiness is not issued for two years after its registration or is not renewed for successive two years.

5.2.1.3 Documents for Aircraft Registration • The following documents are required for Aircraft Registration (i.a.w latest revision of AWNOT-005-AWRG): Y Application F orm C AAF - 1 2 8 - AW XX Y Type Certificate issued by FAA or EASA Y Type Certificate/Type Acceptance Certificate issued by PCAA Y NOC issued by Air Transport Directorate of PCAA Y Proof of Ownership of Aircraft Y Custom Clearance Documents Y De-registration Certificate of aircraft from previous state of Registration Y Processing fee 5.2.2.4 Cancellation of Registration •

The person or persons or organization named in Pakistan Aircraft Register as the owner or owners of that aircraft shall inform the Director-General: Y if the aircraft suffers destruction Y if it is permanently withdrawn from use Y if it is transferred to the aircraft register of



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5.2.3

Aircraft Noise Certificate

5.2.3.1 Aircraft Noise •

Aircraft noise is noise pollution produced by any aircraft or its components during various phases of a flight: on the ground while parked such as auxiliary power units while taxiing on run-up from propeller and jet exhaust during take off underneath and lateral to departure and arrival paths overflying while en route or during landing • Reference Documents include : Y ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection Vol.-I "Aircraft Noise" Y PCAA AWNOT-62-AWRG "Aircraft Noise Certificate"

5.2.3.2 In accordance with ICAO Annex 16, Part II, Aircraft Noise Certification, Chapter 1 Administration 1.2 Noise certification shall be granted or validated by the State of Registry of an aircraft on the basis of satisfactory evidence that the aircraft complies with requirements that are at least equal to the applicable Standards specified in Annex 16. 1.4 The documents attesting noise certification shall be approved by the State of Registry and shall be required by that State to be carried on the aircraft. ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5 - 26


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1.5 The documents attesting noise certification for an aircraft shall provide at least the following information: Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

Y

Y

Item 1. Name of State. Item 2. Title of the noise document. Item 3. Number of the document. Item 4. Nationality or common mark and registration marks. Item 5. Manufacturer and manufacturer's designation of aircraft. Item 6. Aircraft serial number. Item 7. Engine manufacturer type and model. Item 8. Propeller type and model for propellerdriven aeroplanes. Item 9. Maximum take-off mass in kilograms. Item 10. Maximum landing mass in kilograms Item 11. The chapter and section of this Annex according to which the aircraft was certificated. Item 12. Additional modifications incorporated for the purpose of compliance with the applicable noise certification Standards. Item 13. The lateral/full-power noise level in the corresponding unit for documents issued under Chapters 2 3 4 5 and 12 of this Annex. Item 14. The approach noise level in the corresponding unit for documents issued under Chapters 2 3 4 5 8 and 12 of this Annex.



Y

Y

Y

Y Y Y

Item 15. The flyover noise level in the corresponding unit for documents issued under Chapters 2 3 4 5 and 12 of this Annex. Item 16. The overflight noise level in the corresponding unit for documents issued under Chapters 6 8 and 11 of this Annex. Item 17. The take-off noise level in the corresponding unit for documents issued under Chapters 8 and 10 of this Annex. Item 18. Statement of compliance including a reference to Annex 16 Volume I. Item 19. Date of issuance of the noise certification document. Item 20. Signature of the officer issuing it.

1.8 Contracting States shall recognize as valid a noise certification granted by another Contracting State provided that the requirements under which such certification was granted are at least equal to the applicable Standards specified in this Annex.. 1.9 A Contracting State shall suspend or revoke the noise certification of an aircraft on its register if the aircraft ceases to comply with the applicable noise Standards. The State of Registry shall not remove the suspension of a noise certification or grant a new noise certification unless the aircraft is found on reassessment to comply with the applicable noise Standards. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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5.2.3.3 In accordance with ICAO Annex 16, Part II, Aircraft Noise Certification, Chapter 4.

over and decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the mass down to 94 EPNdB at 35 000 kg after which the limit remains constant.

4.2 Noise measurements 4.2.1 Noise evaluation measure shall be the effective perceived noise level in EPNd8. 4.3 Reference noise measurement points 4.3.1 An aeroplane when tested in accordance with these Standards shall not exceed the maximum noise level of the noise measured at the points specified : a) lateral full-power reference noise measurement point b) flyover reference noise measurement point c) approach reference noise measurement point 4.4 Maximum noise levels 4.4.1 The maximum permitted noise levels defined shall not be exceeded at any of the measurement points. 4.4.1.a) At the lateral full-power (reference noise measurement point) 103 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass at which the noise certification is requested of 400 000 kg and ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 5 - 28

4.4.1.b) At flyover measurement point)

(reference

noise

i) Aeroplanes with two engines or less 101 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass at which the noise certification is requested of 385 000 kg and over and decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the aeroplane mass at the rate of 4 EPNdB per halving of mass down to 89 EPNdB after which the limit is constant. ii) Aeroplanes with three engines As a) but with 104 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass of 385 000 kg and over. iii) Aeroplanes with four engines or more As a) but with 106 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass of 385 000 kg and over. 4.4.1.c)

At

approach

(reference

noise


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measurement point) 105 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass at which the noise certification is requested of 280 000 kg or over and decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the mass down to 98 EPNdB at 35 000 kg after which the limit remains constant. 4.4.1.1 The sum of the differences at all three measurement points between the maximum noise levels and the maximum permitted noise levels specified above shall not be less than 10 EPNdB. 4.4.1.2 The sum of the differences at any two measurement points between the maximum noise levels and the corres ponding maximum permitted noise levels specified above shall not be less than 2 EPNdB.


5.2.3.4 In accordance with latest revision of AWNOT-062-AWRG DOCUMENTS CERTIFICATE

REQUIRED

FOR

ISSUANCE

OF

NOISE

•

The application for the noise certification is to be submitted to the Airworthiness directorate on latest version of Form CAAF-150-AWRG while submitting the application the applicant has to authorize deduction of applicable fee or submit the document pertaining to payment of fee. • Following documents are to be submitted along with noise application. o The aircraft's Type Certificate and Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) o Supplemental Type Certificate(s) as applicable o Approved Flight Manual o Approved Flight Manual Supplement Copy of previous Noise Certificate issued by manufacturer or previous State of Registry


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5.2.4

•

•

•


Weight Schedule 5.2.4.1 General Aircraft have a tendency to gain weight because of the accumulation of dirt grease corrosion etc. in areas not readily accessible for washing and cleaning. Aircraft empty weight as well as its centre of gravity may vary because of repairs and/or incorporation of modifications as such determination of the accurate empty weight of the aircraft and its corresponding centre of gravity is extremely important as incorrect data could cause subsequent over loading of the aircraft resulting in an increase of structural loads and reduction in performance. An operator shall specify in the operations Manual Y the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and balance system Y Each weight change has to be recorded and registered in the weight and balance sheet of the aircraft Y A scheduled aircraft weighing has to be established for every flight a weight calculation (load sheet) must be performed and signed by the pilot Y An operator shall ensure that during any phase of operation the loading mass and centre of gravity of the aeroplane remains within the limitations For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Y must establish the mass and the centre of gravity of any aeroplane by actual weighing before first service must reweigh if the effect of modifications on the Y mass and balance is not accurately known & must determine the mass of all-operating items and crewmembers and the influence of their position on the aeroplane centre of gravity must be determined Y must establish the mass of the traffic load must determine the mass of the fuel load by using the actual density or if not known the density calculated


•

•

• 5.2.4.2 In accordance with latest revision of AWNOT-011-AWXX regarding " Aircraft Weight and 8alance Control" •

• •

Complete and up to date weight and balance schedule and trim sheets are required for all aircraft registered in Pakistan and must be carried on board the aircraft along with other documents such as the Certificate of Airworthiness Certificate of Maintenance and Flight Manual etc. The control of weight and balance is the responsibility of the operator. Aircraft would be weighed after every four years (on major check falling due after 04 years since last weighing but not exceeding 5 years) unless preamble to the approved maintenance schedule specifies otherwise.


•

•

If the basic weight is estimated to have changed by more than 0.5% of the maximum certificated take-off weight or if the centre of gravity is estimated to have changed by more than 0.5% of M.A.C. then the aircraft shall be re-weighed physically. For new aircraft the manufacturer will furnish complete information with the aircraft not only regarding its actual weight and balance but will also include sketches and other data that will assist the operator in checking the balance after alterations together with weight and balance control manual or loading instructions. For aircraft which had previously been registered in another state weight and balance data certified by the Airworthiness Authority of that state will be accepted at the time of issue of Certificate of Airworthiness in Pakistan. Physical weighing of the aircraft will be carried out on the major check falling due after 4 years since last weighing but not exceeding 5 years. However the weight and balance schedule changed to the manufacturer's production weight and balance format would be acceptable to PCAA . In case where complete weight and balance data is not available the aircraft shall be weighed and the empty weight and C. G. location determined before the issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness. Each weighing must be witnessed and the result confirmed by an authorized officer of the Airworthiness Directorate. Weight and balance schedule must be calculated and




prepared by an appropriately qualified AME in Category B1 or an operations engineer having PCAA approval 5.2.5 •

Radio Station License and Approval CARs 1994 Part IV "Airworthiness Requirements" Section 5 - "Radio Equipment in Aircraft" Rule 34 states

Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in Pakistan unless: (a) There is in respect of such radio equipment a license issued by the Federal Government; (b) The installation in the aircraft has been approved by the Director-General; and (c) The equipment is of a type approved by the Director-General and complies with such directions issued by him in respect of airworthiness requirements



PIA Training Centre


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5.2.6

Documents to be Carried i.a.w Rule 253 of CARs 1994


5.2.6.1 •

AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE

After the issuance of an Airline License to an operator by the Federal Government of Pakistan it is a regulatory requirement to obtain an Air Operator Certificate (AOC). AOC is issued in accordance with the requirements laid down by Flight Standards in ANO 91.0001

• CAR 186. (Operators to hold an air operator certificate) Operations for AOC include: Public Transport Aerial work and Charter A/Cs















PIA Training Centre Category - A/81/82 5.2.6.2


INSURANCE CERTIFICATE CAR 199. (Operators to be insured)





CERTIFICATE OF RADIO INSTALLATION

CAR 34 (b)(Radio Equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in Pakistan unless the installation in the aircraft has been approved by the D.G. PCAA issues Cft of Radio Installation )




5.2.6.4


MO8ILE WIRELESS LICENSE

CAR 34 (a) (Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in Pakistan unless there is in respect of such radio equipment a license issued by the Federal Govt. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) issues the Radio Station License necessary for operating radio equipment onboard the aircraft )




5.2.6.5


PTA Renewal Certificate

AWNOT 71 -D5 states that "operator will be responsible for the timely renewal of the PTA license which will be a requirement for renewal of C of A every year"





WEIGHING CERTIFICATE



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Sub Module 6 - Part - M

Sub Module 6

PART - M




Detailed Understanding of PCAA Legislation for continuing Airworthiness Organization & EASA Part M 6.1

PCAA Legislation for Continuing Airworthiness Organization

Aircraft Maintenance Arrangement Requirement •

•

In the case of large aircraft the operator is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall: Y be approved as part of the air operator certificate issued by PCAA for the aircraft it operates; and Y have an Approved Maintenance Organization i.a.w ANO-145-AWRG Y ensure that no flight takes place unless: • the aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition and; • any operational and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed and serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable and; • the airworthiness certificate remains valid and; • the maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the approved maintenance programme. As an AOC holder the operator is required to comply with


AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 6 - Part - M

following minimum Airworthiness control requirements: Y Maintenance Programme: The operator has established an approved maintenance / inspection programme based on the recommendation of the state of design for each type of aircraft including engines & components. Every aircraft shall be maintained in accordance with a maintenance programme approved by PCAA which shall be annually reviewed and amended accordingly. Subsequent amendment if any shall also be approved by PCAA. The maintenance programme should contain following information: b) Maintenance tasks taking into account the anticipated utilization of the aircraft; c) When applicable a continuing structural integrity programme; d) Procedure for changing or deviating from (a) and (b) above; and e) When applicable condition monitoring and reliability programme description for aircraft systems components and power plants. f) Maintenance tasks and the intervals that have been specified as mandatory in approval of the type design shall be identified as such in the Maintenance Programme. Y The operator has adequate maintenance organization to ensure compliance with approved maintenance programme. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Y Maintenance Planning: The Operator shall have a system appropriate to the amount and complexity of work to plan its maintenance activities and availability of resources while ensuring that human performance limitations are considered. Y Quality Assurance: The Organization shall develop a system of Quality Assurance to perform annual audits of its functions and (if applicable) Audits of contracted maintenance. Quality manager is to monitor compliance with and the adequacy of procedures required to ensure airworthy aircraft. Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback system to the accountable manager to ensure corrective action as necessary. Accountable Manager should hold yearly meeting to review the overall performance findings of Non and Compliances made by Quality Assurance section. Y Maintenance Control Manual: The operator shall provide for the use and guidance of maintenance and operational personnel concerned a Maintenance Control Manual (MCM) which shall be approved by PCAA.



Y The operator has made adequate arrangements for complying with continuing airworthiness requirements. Y The operator has adequate arrangements for Record keeping of aircraft Maintenance. Y The operator has made arrangements for Maintenance of aircraft by approved Maintenance organization and appropriately authorized persons. The operator may perform complete maintenance of its aircraft if it holds valid organization approval issued by Director Airworthiness OR may get the maintenance done through another approved Maintenance Organization under a Contract. Y

In case the operator has arrangement for Maintenance with any other approved maintenance organization then the operator should ensure that: • There exists an appropriate contract between the operator and the approved maintenance organization for maintenance of the aircraft. • All maintenance required is performed and certified on or before the specified time in service or due date for each aircraft operated. • The operator's Maintenance Control Manual is current and available to contracted maintenance organization. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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•

•


The procedures followed by the maintenance organization are adequate and relevant to the aircraft operated by the AOC holder. Monitoring of contracted organization must be done by the Operator through its surveillance & Quality Audits including maintenance tasks performed outstation.

6.2

EASA Part M

SECTION A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS SU8PART A

CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION: •

•

The operator of an aeroplane over 5700 kg maximum certificated take-off mass shall monitor and assess maintenance and operational experience with respect to continuing airworthiness and provide the information as prescribed by the PCAA and report through the system acceptable to PCAA. The operator of an aeroplane over 5700 kg maximum certificated take-off mass shall obtain and assess continuing airworthiness information and recommendations available from the organization responsible for the type design and shall implement resulting actions considered necessary in accordance with a procedure acceptable to the PCAA.

GENERAL M.A.101 Scope This Section establishes the measures to be taken to ensure that airworthiness is maintained including maintenance. It also specifies the conditions to be met by the persons or organizations involved in such continuing airworthiness management. SU8PART 8 ACCOUNTA8ILITY M.A.201

Responsibilities

(a) The owner is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft and shall ensure that no flight takes place unless: 1. The aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition and; ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6-4


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2. Any operational and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed and serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable and; 3. The airworthiness certificate remains valid and; 4. the maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the approved maintenance program (b) When the aircraft is leased the responsibilities of the owner are transferred to the lessee if: 1. The lessee is stipulated on the registration document or; 2. Detailed in the leasing contract. (c) Any person or organization performing maintenance shall be responsible for the tasks performed. (d) The pilot-in-command or in the case of commercial air transport the operator shall be responsible for the satisfactory accomplishment of the pre-flight inspection. This inspection must be carried out by the pilot or another qualified person but need not be carried out by an approved maintenance organization or by Part-66 certifying staff. (e) In order to satisfy the responsibilities 1. the owner of an aircraft may contract the tasks associated with continuing airworthiness to a approved continuing airworthiness management organisation. In this case the continuing airworthiness management organisation assumes ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6-5


responsibility for the proper accomplishment of these tasks. 2. An owner who decides to manage the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft under its own responsibility without a contract may nevertheless make a limited contract with an approved continuing airworthiness management organisation for the development of the maintenance programme and its approval. In that case the limited contract transfers the responsibility for the development and approval of the maintenance programme to the contracted continuing airworthiness management organisation. (g) Maintenance of large aircraft aircraft used for commercial air transport and components thereof shall be carried out by a Part145 approved maintenance organization. (h) In the case of commercial air transport the operator is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall: 1. be approved as part of the air operator certificate issued by the competent authority pursuant to the aircraft it operates; and 2. be approved in accordance with Part-145 or contract such an organization; and


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(iv) measures mandated by the competent authority in immediate reaction to a safety problem; 6. the accomplishment of modifications and repairs 7. for non-mandatory modifications and/or inspections for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the establishment of an embodiment policy; 8. maintenance check flights when necessary.

SU8PART C CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS M.A.301 Continuing A irworthiness Tasks The aircraft continuing airworthiness and the serviceability of both operational and emergency equipment shall be ensured by: 1. the accomplishment of pre-flight inspections; 2. The rectification of any defect and damage affecting safe operation taking into account for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the minimum equipment list and configuration deviation list as applicable to the aircraft type; 3. the accomplishment of all maintenance in accordance with approved aircraft maintenance programme; 4. for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the analysis of the effectiveness of approved maintenance programme; 5. the accomplishment of any applicable: (i) airworthiness directive (ii) operational directive with a continuing airworthiness impact (iii) continued airworthiness requirement established by the Agency ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6-6

M.A.302 Aircraft Maintenance Programme (a) Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft maintenance programme. (b) The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the competent authority. (c) When the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft is managed by an approved continuing airworthiness management organisation the aircraft maintenance programme and its amendments may be approved through an indirect approval procedure. (i) In that case the indirect approval procedure shall be established by the continuing airworthiness management organisation as part of the Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition and shall be approved by the competent authority responsible for that continuing airworthiness management organisation. (d)

The

aircraft

maintenance

programme

must

establish


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compliance with: (i) Instructions issued by the competent authority; (ii) Instructions for continuing airworthiness: (e) The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details including frequency of all maintenance to be carried out including any specific tasks linked to the type and the specificity of operations. (f) For large aircraft when the maintenance programme is based on maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring the aircraft maintenance programme shall include a reliability programme. (g) The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that the programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience and instructions from the competent authority whilst taking into account new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary type certificate holders and any other organisation that publishes such data


the maintenance action. (b) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall consist of: 1. an aircraft logbook engine logbook(s) or engine module log cards propeller logbook(s) and log cards for any service life limited component as appropriate (c) The aircraft type and registration mark the date together with total flight time and/or flight cycles and/or landings as appropriate shall be entered in the aircraft logbooks. (d) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall contain the current: 1. status of airworthiness directives and measures mandated by the competent authority in immediate reaction to a safety problem; 2. status of modifications and repairs; 3. status of compliance with maintenance programme; 4. status of service life limited components; 5. mass and balance report; 6. list of deferred maintenance.

M.A.305 Aircraft continuing airworthiness record system (a) At the completion of any maintenance the certificate of release to service shall be entered in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records. Each entry shall be made as soon as practicable but in no case more than 30 days after the day of ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6-7

(e) In addition to the authorised release document EASA Form 1 or F A A 8 1 30 - 4 or T C A 2 4 - 00 7 8 the following information relevant to any component installed (engine propeller engine module or service life-limited component) shall be entered in the appropriate engine or propeller logbook engine module or service For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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life limited component log card (h) An owner or operator shall ensure that a system has been established to keep the following records for the periods specified: 1. all detailed maintenance records in respect of the aircraft and any service life-limited component fitted thereto until such time as the information contained therein is superseded by new information equivalent in scope and detail but not less than 36 months after the aircraft or component has been released to service; and 2. the total time in service (hours calendar time cycles and landings) of the aircraft and all service life-limited components at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service; and 3.the time in service (hours calendar time cycles and landings) as appropriate since last scheduled maintenance of the component subjected to a service life limit at least until the component scheduled maintenance has been superseded by another scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope and detail; and 4. the current status of compliance with maintenance programme such that compliance with the approved aircraft maintenance programme can be established at least until the aircraft or component scheduled maintenance has been superseded by other scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope and detail; and ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6-8


5. the current status of airworthiness directives applicable to the aircraft and components at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service; and 6. details of current modifications and repairs to the aircraft engine(s) propeller(s) and any other component vital to flight safety at least 12 months after they have been permanently withdrawn from service. M.A.306 Operator's technical log system (a) In the case of commercial air transport an operator shall use an aircraft technical log system containing the following information for each aircraft: 1. information about each flight necessary to ensure continued flight safety and; 2. the current aircraft certificate of release to service and; 3. the current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status of what scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due except that the competent authority may agree to the maintenance statement being kept elsewhere and; 4. all outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the operation of the aircraft and; 5. any necessary guidance instructions on maintenance support arrangements.


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(b) The aircraft technical log system and any subsequent amendment shall be approved by the competent authority.

not exercise its activities unless approved by the competent authority.

(c) An operator shall ensure that the aircraft technical log retained for 36 months after the date of the last entry.

M.A.604 Maintenance organisation manual

is

SU8PART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION M.A.601 Scope This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and components (other than large Aircrafts used for commercial air transport & components which are to be maintained by Part-145 approved Maintenance) M.A.602 Application An application for issue or change of a maintenance organisation approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the competent authority. M.A.603 Extent of approval

(a) The maintenance organisation shall provide a manual containing at least the following information: 1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organisation will continuously work in accordance with Part-M and the manual at all times and; 2. the organisation's scope of work and; 3. the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) and; 4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between the person(s) and; 5. a list of certifying staff with their scope of approval and; 6. a list of locations where maintenance is carried out together with a general descriptions of the facilities and; 7. procedures specifying how the maintenance organisation ensures compliance with this Part and; 8. the maintenance organisation manual amendment procedure(s). (b) The maintenance organisation manual and its amendments shall be approved by the competent authority. (c) minor amendments to the manual may be approved through a procedure

(a) An organisation involved in activities subject to this Subpart shall ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6-9


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M.A.606 Personnel requirements


qualified in accordance with an officially recognised standard.

(a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be financed and carried out to the standard required by this Part. (b) A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of ensuring that the organisation is always in compliance with this Subpart. Such person(s) shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager. (c) All such personals shall be able to show relevant knowledge background and appropriate experience related to aircraft and/or component maintenance.

SU8 PART G CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION M.A.701

SCOPE

This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify for the issue or continuation of an approval for the management of aircraft continuing airworthiness. M.A.702

APPLICATION

(d) The organisation shall have appropriate staff for the normal expected contracted work. The use of temporarily sub-contracted staff is permitted in the case of higher than normally expected contracted work and only for personnel not issuing a certificate of release to service. (e) The qualification of all personnel involved in maintenance shall be demonstrated and recorded. (f) Personnel who carry out specialised tasks such as welding nondestructive testing/inspection other than colour contrast shall be ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 10

An application for issue or change of a continuing airworthiness management organisation approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the competent authority. M.A.703

Extent of approval

(a) The approval is indicated on a certificate issued by the competent authority (b) for commercial air transport the approval shall be part of the For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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air operator certificate issued by the competent authority for the aircraft operated (c) The scope of work deemed to constitute the approval shall be specified in the continuing airworthiness management exposition M.A.704 Continuing airworthiness management exposition (a) The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall provide a continuing airworthiness management exposition containing the following information: 1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organisation will work in accordance with this Part and the exposition at all times and; 2. the organisation's scope of work and; 3. the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) 4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between all the person(s) 5. a list of the airworthiness staff specifying where applicable the staff authorized to issue permits to fly and; 6. a general description and location of the facilities and; 7. procedures s p e c i f y i n g how the continuing airworthiness management organisation ensures compliance with this Part and; 8. the continuing airworthiness management ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 11


exposition

amendment procedures

and;

(b) The continuing airworthiness management exposition and its amendments shall be approved by the competent authority M.A.706 Personnel requirements (a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate authority for ensuring that all continuing airworthiness management activities can be financed and carried out in accordance with this Part. (b) For commercial air transport the accountable manager shall be the person who also has corporate authority for ensuring that all the operations of the operator can be financed and carried out to the standard required for the issue of an air operator's certificate. (d) For commercial air transport the accountable manager shall designate a nominated post holder. This person shall be responsible for the management and supervision of continuing airworthiness activities (e) The nominated post holder nominated by the accountable Manager for the management & supervision on continuing airworthiness activities shall not be employed by a Part-145 approved organisation under contract to the operator unless specifically agreed by the competent authority. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


M.A.707 Airworthiness review staff (a) To be approved to carry out airworthiness reviews and if applicable to issue permits to fly approved continuing an airworthiness management organisation shall have appropriate airworthiness review staff to issue airworthiness review certificates or recommendations and if applicable to issue a permit to fly 1. For all aircraft used in commercial air transport and aircraft above 2 730 kg MTOM except balloons these staff shall have acquired: (a) at least five years' experience in continuing airworthiness; and (b) an appropriate license in compliance with Part66 or an aeronautical degree or a national equivalent; and (c) formal aeronautical maintenance training; and (d) a position within the approved organisation with appropriate responsibilities.

2. For aircraft not used in commercial air transport of 2 730 kg MTOM and below and balloons these staff shall have acquired: ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 12


(a) at least three years' experience in continuing airworthiness and (b) an appropriate license in compliance with Part-66 or an aeronautical degree or a national equivalent; and (c) appropriate aeronautical maintenance training; and (d) a position within the approved organisation with appropriate responsibilities; (b) Airworthiness review staff nominated by the approved continuing airworthiness organisation can only be issued an authorisation by the approved continuing airworthiness organisation when formally accepted by the competent authority after satisfactory completion of an airworthiness review under supervision. (c) The organisation shall ensure that aircraft airworthiness review staff can demonstrate appropriate recent continuing airworthiness management experience. (d) Airworthiness review staff shall be identified by listing each person in the continuing airworthiness management exposition together with their airworthiness review authorisation reference. (e) The organisation shall maintain a record of all airworthiness review staff which shall include details of any appropriate For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


qualification held together with a summary of relevant continuing airworthiness management experience and training and a copy of the authorisation. This record shall be retained until two years after the airworthiness review staff have left the organisation M.A.710 Airworthiness review (a) To satisfy the requirement for the airworthiness review of an aircraft a full documented review of the aircraft records shall be carried out by the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation in order to be satisfied that: 1. airframe engine and propeller flying hours and associated flight cycles have been properly recorded; and 2. the flight manual is applicable to the aircraft configuration and reflects the latest revision status; and 3. all the maintenance due on the aircraft according to the approved maintenance programme has been carried out; and 4. all known defects have been corrected or when applicable carried forward in a controlled manner; and 5. all applicable airworthiness directives have been applied and properly registered; and 6. all modifications and repairs applied to the aircraft have been registered 7. all service life limited components installed on the aircraft are properly identified registered and have not exceeded their approved service life limit; and 8. all maintenance has been released in accordance with ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 13


Annex I (Part-M); and 9. the current mass and balance statement reflects the configuration of the aircraft and is valid; and 10. the aircraft complies with the latest revision of its type design approved by the Agency; and 11. if required the aircraft holds a noise certificate (b) The airworthiness review staff of the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation shall carry out a physical survey of the aircraft. For this survey airworthiness review staff not appropriately qualified to Annex III (Part-66) shall be assisted by such qualified personnel. (c) Through the physical survey of the aircraft the airworthiness review staff shall ensure that: 1. all required markings and placards are properly installed; and 2. the aircraft complies with its approved flight manual; and 3. the aircraft configuration complies with the approved documentation; and 4. no evident defect can be found that has not been addressed; and 5. no inconsistencies can be found between the aircraft and the documented review of records. (d) The airworthiness review can be anticipated by a maximum period of 90 days without loss of continuity of the airworthiness review pattern to allow the physical review to take place during a For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014


maintenance check. (e) The airworthiness review certificate (EASA Form 15b) or the recommendation for the issue of the airworthiness review certificate (EASA Form 15a) can only be issued: 1. by airworthiness review staff appropriately authorised on behalf of the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation or by certifying staff and 2. when satisfied that the airworthiness review has been completely carried out and that there is no non-compliance which is known to endanger flight safety. (f) A copy of any airworthiness review certificate issued or extended for an aircraft shall be sent to the Member State of Registry of that aircraft within 10 days. (g) Airworthiness review tasks shall not be sub-contracted. (h) Should the outcome of the airworthiness review be inconclusive the competent authority shall be informed as soon as practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organisation identifying the condition to which the review relates. M.A.711 Privileges of the organisation (a) An approved Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation may: 1. manage the continuing airworthiness of aircraft except ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 14


those involved in commercial air transport as listed on the approval certificate; 2. manage the continuing airworthiness of commercial air transport aircraft when listed both on its approval certificate and on its Air Operator Certificate (AOC); 3. arrange to carry out limited continuing airworthiness tasks with any contracted organisation working under its quality system as listed on the approval certificate; 4. extend an airworthiness review certificate that has been issued by the competent authority or by another approved continuing airworthiness management organisation (b) An approved continuing airworthiness management organisation registered in one of the Member States may additionally be approved to carry out airworthiness reviews and: 1. issue the related airworthiness review certificate and extend it in due time and 2. issue a recommendation for the airworthiness review to the competent authority of the Member State of registry. (c) A continuing airworthiness management organisation whose approval includes the privileges may additionally be approved to issue a permit to fly in accordance for the particular aircraft for which the organisation is approved to issue the airworthiness review certificate when the continuing airworthiness management organisation is attesting conformity with approved flight conditions subject to an adequate approved procedure in the exposition



M.A.712 Quality system (a) To ensure that the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation continues to meet the requirements of this Subpart it shall establish a quality system and designate a quality manager to monitor compliance with and the adequacy of procedures required to ensure airworthy aircraft. Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback system to the accountable manager to ensure corrective action as necessary. (b) The quality system shall monitor P a r t M S u b p a r t G A p p r o v e d M a i n t e n a n c e O r g a n i z a t i o n activities. It shall at least include the following functions: 1. monitoring that all Part M approved M a i n t e n a n c e O r g a n i z a t i o n activities are being performed in accordance with the approved procedures and; 2. monitoring that all contracted maintenance is carried out in accordance with the contract and; 3. monitoring the continued compliance with the requirementss of this Part. (c) The records of these activities shall be stored for at least two years.


quality system may be combined with that required by the other Part. (e) In case of commercial air transport the M.A. Subpart G Approved Maintenance Organization quality system shall be an integrated part of the operator's quality system. M.A.713 Changes to the approved continuing airworthiness organisation In order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance with this Part the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation shall notify it of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes before such changes take place: 1. the name of the organisation. 2. the location of the organisation. 3. additional locations of the organisation. 4. the accountable manager. 5. any of the persons specified in M.A.706(c) Personal Requirement 6. the facilities procedures work scope and staff that could affect the approval. In the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand these changes shall be notified at the earliest opportunity.

(d) Where the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation is approved in accordance with another Part the ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 15


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M.A.715 Continued validity of approval SU8PART H (a) An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid subject to: 1. the organisation remaining in compliance with this Part in accordance with the provisions related to the handling of findings and; 2. the competent authority being granted access to the organisation to determine continued compliance with this Part and; 3. the approval not being surrendered or revoked. M.A.716 Findings

CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE - CRS M.A.801 Aircraft certificate of release to service (a) Except for aircraft released to service by a maintenance organisation approved in accordance with Annex II (Part-145) the certificate of release to service shall be issued according to this Subpart;

(b) A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the Part-M requirements which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety.

(b) No aircraft can be released to service unless a certificate of release to service is issued at the completion of any maintenance when satisfied that all maintenance required has been properly carried out by: 1. appropriate certifying staff on behalf of the maintenance organisation approved in accordance with Subpart F(Approved Maintenance Organization for Aircraft of MTOM 2730kg or below) of this Annex (Part M); or 2. by the Pilot-owner

(c) After receipt of notification of findings the holder of the continuing airworthiness management organisation approval shall define a corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the competent authority within a period agreed with this authority.

(f) A certificate of release to service shall contain as a minimum: 1. basic details of the maintenance carried out; and 2. the date such maintenance was completed; and 3. the identity of the organisation and/or person issuing the release to service including:

(a) A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with Part-M requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety.



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(i) the approval reference of the maintenance organisation approved in accordance with Section A Subpart F of this Annex (Part M) and the certifying staff issuing such a certificate; or (ii) the identity and if applicable licence number of the certifying staff issuing such a certificate; 4. the limitations to airworthiness or operations if any. M.A.802 Component certificate of release to service (a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any maintenance carried out on an aircraft component (b) The authorised release certificate identified as EASA Form 1 constitutes the component certificate of release to service except when such maintenance on aircraft components has been performedin which case the maintenance is subject to aircraft release procedures .



SU8PART I AIRWORTHINESS REVIEW CERTIFICATE

M.A.901 Aircraft airworthiness review To ensure the validity of the aircraft airworthiness certificate an airworthiness review of the aircraft and its continuing airworthiness records shall be carried out periodically. (a) An airworthiness review certificate is issued on EASA Form 15a or 15b on completion of a satisfactory airworthiness review. The airworthiness review certificate is valid one year;




(b) An aircraft in a controlled environment is an aircraft (i) continuously managed during the previous 12 months by a unique continuing airworthiness management organisation approved in accordance with Section A Subpart G of this Annex (Part M) and



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(ii) which has been maintained for the previous 12 months by maintenance organisations approved in accordance with Section A Subpart F of this Annex (Part M) or with Annex II (Part 145). This includes maintenance tasks b e i n g carried out and released to service (h) Whenever circumstances reveal the existence of a potential safety threat the competent authority shall carry out the airworthiness review and issue the airworthiness revie w certificate itself;

requirements of this Part; or 2. the aircraft does not remain in conformity with the type design approved by the Agency; or 3. the aircraft has been operated beyond the limitations of the approved flight manual or the airworthiness certificate without appropriate action being taken; or 4. the aircraft has been involved in an accident or incident that affects the airworthiness of the aircraft without subsequent appropriate action to restore airworthiness; or

5. a modification or repair is not in compliance with the Annex (Part-21)

M.A.902 Validity of the airworthiness review certificate (a) An airworthiness review certificate becomes invalid if:

(c) Upon surrender or revocation the airworthiness review certificate shall be returned to the competent authority

1. suspended or revoked; or 2. the airworthiness certificate is suspended or revoked; or 3. the aircraft is not on the aircraft register of a Member State; or 4. the type certificate under which the airworthiness certificate was issued is suspended or revoked. (b) An aircraft must not fly if the airworthiness certificate is invalid or if: 1. the continuing airworthiness of ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 19

component fitted to the aircraft For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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AVIATION LEGISLATION t meet the

h e

a i r c r a f t

o r

a n y d o e s n o ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 6 - 20



AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 7- Applicable National & International Requirements

Sub Module 7

APPLICA8LE NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS



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7.1 Aircraft Maintenance Program

Sub Module 7- Applicable National & International Requirements

include a reliability programme. The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that the programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience and instructions from the competent authority whilst taking into account new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary type certificate holders • Maintenance Program shall comprise of: o Scheduled Tasks o Scheduled Tasks shall be performed respecting MPD at defined threshold & repeat intervals. General Threshold quoted are: • Calender life (Months years multiples etc) • Flight cycles (FC) • Flight Hours (FH) • Landings o Unscheduled Tasks o Unscheduled tasks are defined as the result from additional requirements from the Authorities manufacturers or customer o Such additional requirements are: • Airworthiness Directives/Service Bulletins/AOTs • Continuous follow up of •

•

• •

• •

•

•

In accordance with Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft) Part 1 Chapter 8.3 (Maintenance Programme) Operator shall provide for the use & guidance of maintenance & operational personnel a maintenance programme approved by the state of Registry Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft maintenance programme. Maintenance Program used by the organization to maintain aircraft/aircraft components is developed from Maintenance Planning Document (MPD) and MPD is provided by the aircraft type certificate holder/aircraft manufacturer and duly approved by the authorities The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments shall be approved by the competent authority The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with: Y instructions issued by the competent authority; Y instructions for continuing airworthiness The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details including frequency of all maintenance to be carried out including any specific tasks linked to the type and the specificity of operations. For large aircraft when the maintenance programme is based on maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring the aircraft maintenance programme shall





acceptable/just deferred defects • Organization Bulletins/Orders requiring periodical check or inspection • Maintenance reports • Pilot Reported defects

7.2

Maintenance Checks & Inspections •

Maintenance Checks include: o Line Checks (includes Transit and Layover Checks) o Routine Checks (includes Check 'A' 'B' 'C') o Major Checks (includes Check MID - D 'D')



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7.3 •

•

•

• •

7.4

Master minimum Equipment List Experiences have shown that with various levels of redundancy designed into that aircraft proper operation of every system or installed component may not be necessary when the remaining serviceable system or serviceable components can provide an acceptable level of safety MMEL is developed by the regulatory body of the country of manufacturer/design of the subject aircraft with participation of aviation industry expert personals to improve aircraft utilization and thereby provide more convenient but still safe and economic air transportation MMEL contains those items which the regulatory body of the manufacturer's country finds may be inoperative and yet maintain an acceptable level of safety under appropriate conditions and limitations MMEL does not contain obviously required items such as wings flaps and rudder MMEL establishes limitations on the duration of and conditions for operation with inoperative equipment


• •

•

•

•

•

7.4.1 •

Minimum Equipment List • •

The provision to fly an aircraft even if few of its components are unserviceable MEL is prepared by the operator and is based on the MMEL of respective aircraft


MEL is more restrictive than MMEL. In PIA MEL is prepared by Operations Engineering of Flight Operations Department and is approved by Chief Flight Inspector Flight Standard Directorate CFI PCAA For approval the prepared MEL and MMEL is submitted. The individual operator's MEL when approved and authorized permits operation of subject aircraft type with inoperative equipment covered under MEL MEL must not deviate from Airplane Flight Manual limitations emergency procedures or with Airworthiness Directives. All items related to airworthiness and not listed in MMEL must be operative MEL is prepared with the objective i.e to permit operation with inoperative items for a limited period of time until repairs can be accomplished MEL is also called ADL i.e Allowable Deficiency List

• •

MEL REPAIR INTERVAL

As the MEL is not intended to provide for continued operation of an aircraft for an unlimited period of time. Repairs should be made as soon as possible within the time limit imposed by Rectification Intervals. Rectification Intervals (A B C and D) have been introduced in accordance with definitions of MMEL/MEL Category A. Items in this category must be repaired within the interval stated in the operator's approved For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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•

•

• •

•

•

MEL. Category 8. Items in this category must be repaired within 3 consecutive calendar days (72 hours) excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in the maintenance record (logbook). Category C. Items in this category must be repaired within 10 consecutive calendar days (240 hours) excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in the maintenance record (logbook). Category D. Items in this category are those which are in excess of regulatory requirements. They include items that may be installed deactivated or removed at the discretion of the operator. They may be added to the operator's MEL but are not required by the MMEL or are required only for a given type of operation. These must be repaired within 45 consecutive calendar days excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in the maintenance record (logbook). Dispatch of the aircraft is not allowed after expiry of the Rectification Interval specified in the MEL unless the Rectification Interval is extended in accordance with the following: A one time extension of the applicable Rectification Interval B C or D may be permitted for the same duration as that specified in the MEL provided: o A description of specific duties and responsibilities for controlling extensions is established by the



o

7.4.2 •

7.5

operator and The Authority is notified within 10 days of any extension authorized APROVAL OF OPERATOR MEL

When reviewing the proposed MEL the Airworthiness Authority will check for the following: o Nothing is contained in the MEL that is less restrictive than the MMEL. o Nothing contradicts the FAA approved Airplane Flight Manual o Nothing violates any limitations and conditions stipulated by ADs issued against the aircraft o Operations (0) and maintenance (M) procedures required by the MMEL are adequate o A defined management control process for administration of the MEL Dispatch Deviation List/DDPG

•

DDPG is published by aircraft manufacturer so as to assist airline operations and maintenance organizations in developing the procedures required to operate the aircraft in various non standard configurations allowed by the Federal Aviation Authority MMEL and airplane flight manual.



•

•

•

•

Configuration Deviation List

During the course of operation certain secondary airframe or engine parts may be missing from the aircraft. Normally these will be access doors fairings and non-structural parts. Absence of these parts does not adversely affect the basic aircraft handling and performance. As such they are not considered as airworthiness items Configuration Deviation List (CDL) is a means of releasing the aircraft with items missing from aircraft standard design configuration. Determination of items is done during type certification itself i.e. they have been flight tested during certification. The CDL is a part of the Approved Aircraft Manual. 7.5.2

•


DDPG consists of five sections : 1) Introduction 2) Master Minimum Equipment List 3) Configuration Deviation List 4) Ferry 5) Miscellaneous 7.5.1

•


Ferry

It contains information for a ferry flight for repairs to main base Revenue operation is not allowed with ferry configuration DEFERRED MAINTENANCE




7.6


Mandatory Aircraft Equipment •

It includes: Y Quick Donning Oxygen Mask Y Protective Gloves Y Oxygen Drop down mask release key Y Life jacket spare Y Infant life preserver Y Slide raft Y Escape rope Y Demo kit Y Fire extinguisher (Halon & Water Glycol) Y Portable oxygen bottle with mask Y Crash axe Y Medical kit Y First aid kit Y Megaphone Y Universal precaution kit Y Emergency locator transmitter (Survival & Impact type) Y Protective breathing equipment Y Flash light holder



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7.7


AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES •

•

• • • •

•

•

The Airworthiness Directive (AD) is the medium for correction or any condition that causes the product to be out of conformity to the Approved Design Standards. An AD identifies the disparity defines its particulars and establishes limitations for inspection repair or alteration under which the product may continue to be operated. They are issued by the National Aviation Authority from either the manufacturer's or the airline's country. Airworthiness Directives effectively alter the original certification of the product. Thus for example an AD against a Type Certificated product becomes a part of the Type Certificate. The Airworthiness Directives may also be raised due to change in aviation legislations e.g. mandating of TCAS and EGPWS. They are distributed Y telegraphically to owners and operators Y Foreign Airworthiness Authorities Generally the Airworthiness Directive is made up of several parts: Y AD title Y Applicability Y Required compliance action Y Effective dates


Y Compliance time 7.7.1 • •

•

• • •

•

An AD contains an applicability statement specifying the product to which it applies. It applies to the make and model set forth in this statement regardless of the classification of the product or category of the Airworthiness Certificate issued for an aircraft. I t applies to each product identified in the statement regardless of whether it has been modified altered or repaired in the subject areas. The presence of any alteration or repair does not remove the product from applicability. Type Certificate and Airworthiness Certification information is used to identify the product affected. Applicability may be defined by specifying serial numbers or manufacturer's line numbers part numbers or other identification. When there is no reference to serial numbers all serial numbers are affected. 7.7.2

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Applicability of ADs

Effective dates

The effective date of the AD or an amendment is be found in the last sentence of the body of each AD. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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For example "This amendment becomes effective on July 10 1995." Similarly the revision date for an emergency AD distributed by telegram or priority mail is the date it was issued. For example "Priority Letter AD 95-11-09 issued May 25 1995 becomes effective upon receipt." The "clock" tracking compliance starts with the effective date. 7.7.3

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'Within 50 cycles..." to which cycle refers to the complete aircraft / components operating cycles. "Within 12 months after the effective date of this AD..." No person may operate an affected product after expiration of the stated compliance time. In some instances an AD may authorize operation after the compliance date has passed if a special flight permit is obtained. These are granted only when the AD specifically permits it.

Compliance time

Compliance with an AD is mandatory. No person may operate' a product to which an AD applies except in accordance with the conditions of the AD. AD An airplane that has not had an effective accomplished within specified limits is out of conformity and is thus not airworthy. This is consistent with the definition of airworthiness discussed before. Compliance time is stated in various ways. Typical compliance statements include; "Prior to further flight inspect..." "Compliance is required within the next 50 hours time in service after the effective date of this AD..." 'Within the next 10 landings after the effective date of this AD... "



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7.8

SERVICE 8ULLETIN •

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One way manufacturers communicate with aircraft owners and operators is through service bulletins and service notes. Service bulletins are issued to inform aircraft owners and technicians of possible design defects modifications servicing changes or other information that may be useful in maintaining an aircraft or component. On occasion service bulletins are made mandatory and are incorporated into airworthiness directives to correct an unsafe condition. Service Bulletin are issued by manufacturers to specify a change or a modification to their product Manufacturer's Service Bulletins are normally not related to airworthiness. Incorporation of them is therefore not mandatory. However when a manufacturer's Service Bulletin is incorporated by reference into the Airworthiness Directive accomplishment instructions the bulletin becomes mandatory. Thus any change in the details of the bulletin constitutes alternative means of accomplishment. Changes therefore must be approved


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7.9 •

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7.10


the operator and designed to increase safety improved performance meet changes in operating requirements and/or assure positive and substantial economic savings

Manufacturers Service Information Manufacturer's Service Information comes in the form of Service Letters (Boeing) and Service Information Letters (Airbus) They are used to provide Y information related to in-service issues Y Notification of upcoming changes to production of aircraft including the availability of a service bulletin or a supplier service bulletin for fleet retrofit/modification Y Trouble shooting suggestions Y Information related to new or preferred spares options Y Information on General issues and policies Manufacturers Service Information do not in themselves authorize installation of parts or provide detailed procedures for modification rework repair or inspection of an aeroplane They serve as an information source & reference the appropriate approved change items such as service bulletin or Engineering drawing

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Modifications & Repairs Modification is an alteration to an aircraft its component units introduced subsequent to receipt and acceptance by


Engineering Order (EO) etc Repair and maintenance on aircraft / aircraft components

shall be performed in accordance with aircraft and component maintenance data provided by the manufacturer and organisational procedures. • Maintenance data shall be available in workshops and maintenance areas accessible to concerned personnel. • Once defect has been logged appropriate facilities tools

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e.g 8.33 kHz VHF communication modification Sources of modifications are Type Certificate holders recommending modifications through Service Bulletins (SB) Service Letters (SL) Air Operators Telexes (AOT) and a modification initiated by the Organisation in form of

equipment and maintenance data are then defined and prepared to perform work in conformity with approved repair data. All repairs shall be carried out keeping in view of the approved scope of work. For customer aircraft when defect / damage is detected during maintenance customer / operator shall be informed through defect report. Repair shall then be carried out after review of Repair Order of customer.


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Defects found shall be recorded on appropriate Technical Logbook / Aircraft Repair Order (ARO) / Work card / Worksheet by Aircraft Engineer (production) concerned. Area involved shall be inspected thoroughly for hidden damage including areas adjacent to obviously damaged parts. Structure Repair & Modification group / Aircraft Engineer (production) concerned shall perform assessment of structural damage / defect mentioned in the ARO / Work card /Worksheet in accordance with relevant maintenance data. Aircraft Engineer (production) concerned is responsible for definition of repair solution. Repair solution is either: Y Case I: Replacement damaged parts in of accordance with relevant maintenance data Y Case II: Repair solution already given in relevant maintenance data hence approved Y Case III: Repair solution does not exist in the relevant maintenance data For cases 'I & II' repair solution defined by AMM / SRM / CMM shall be implemented as any other maintenance task. If Repair solution does not exist in relevant Maint. Data Pertinent information and drawings of damaged area shall be sent to the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) alongwith proposed repair solution (if any) and to the Competent Authority of aircraft registration. Manufacturer (or



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7.11 •

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organisation appropriately approved to classify the repair) and the Competent Authority of aircraft registration shall classify repair as 'Major' or 'Minor'. For minor repair solution shall be implemented after endorsement of manufacturer and approval of the Competent Authority of aircraft registration. For the repair solution classified as 'Major' solution shall be implemented only after obtaining repair design data from the Type Certificate holder / Part - 21 Approved Organisation approval from the Competent Authority of Type Certificate holder and the Competent Authority of aircraft registration. Maintenance Documentation The manuals are required as a part of Instructions for Continued Airworthiness requirement of the Type Certificates/Supplementary Type Certificates of the aircraft. The Instructions for Continued Airworthiness will determine the required number of manuals required but the broad listing are as follows:

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Maintenance Manual

A manufacturer's maintenance manual is the primary reference tool for the Licensed Aircraft Engineer working on aircraft. Airframe maintenance manuals generally cover an For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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aircraft and all of the equipment installed on it when it is in service. Powerplant maintenance manuals on the other hand cover areas of the engines that are not dealt with in the airframe manual. Maintenance manuals provide information on routine servicing system descriptions and functions handling procedures and component removal and installation. In addition these manuals contain basic repair procedures and troubleshooting guides for common malfunctions. Maintenance information presented in these manuals is considered acceptable data by the PCAA and may be approved data for the purpose of major repairs and alterations

7.11.2 • • •


7.11.3 • • •

Parts catalogues show the location and part numbers of items installed on an aircraft. They contain detailed exploded views of all areas of an aircraft to assist the technician in locating parts. Approved parts are controlled here provided it is current and not superseded by mandatory instructions.

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Illustrated Parts Catalogue

OVERHAUL MANUAL

Overhaul manuals contain information on the repair and rebuilding of components that can be removed from an aircraft. These manuals contain multiple illustrations showing how individual components are assembled as well as list individual part numbers

Structural Repair Manual

For repair of serious damage structural repair manuals are used. These manuals contain detailed information for repair of an aircraft's primary and secondary structure. The repairs described in a structural repair manual are developed by the manufacturer's engineering staff and thus are usually considered approved data by the PCAA.


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WIRING DIAGRAM MANUAL

The majority of aircraft electrical systems and their components are illustrated in individual wiring manuals. Wiring manuals contain schematic diagrams to aid in electrical system troubleshooting. They also list part numbers and locations of electrical system components


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7.12 •

CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS All of the processes ensuring that at any time in its operating life the aircraft complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition for safe operation

7.12.1 •

A test flight is required in the following cases: Y Specific Requirements • Aircraft grounded for more than specific number of days • More than 50% of the power sources changed (three out of four Engines replaced) • Following a Check D • Flight control surfaces replaced • Wings and central section replaced Y Major repair subsequent to damage Y Performance evaluation Y Quality control requirements Y PCAA requirements Y If AME requires

7.12.2 •


Test Flight

ETOPS

ETOPS is an acronym for Extended range Twin Operations as re-defined by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 2007.


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This rule allows twin-engined airliners (such as the Airbus A300 A310 A320 A330 and A350 the Boeing 737 757 767 777 787 the Embraer E-Jets and the ATR 72) to fly long-distance routes that were previously off-limits to twinengined aircraft. There are different levels of ETOPS certification each allowing aircraft to fly on routes that are a certain amount of single-engine flying time away from the nearest suitable airport. For example if an aircraft is certified for 180 minutes it is permitted to fly any route not more than 180 minutes singleengine flying time to the nearest suitable airport. ETOPS operation has no direct correlation to water or distance over water. It refers to flight times between diversion airfields regardless as to whether such fields are separated by water or land. Prior to 2007 FAA defined ETOPS as "Extended Range Operations with two-engine airplanes" and applied to twins only. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standard and Recommended Practice (SARP) applies only to twins and defines ETOPS as "Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards". ETOPS applies to twins on routes with diversion time more than 60 minutes at one engine inoperative speed. For rules that also cover more than two engines as in the case of the FAA ETOPS applies on routes with diversion time more than 180 minutes for airplanes with more than two engines.



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Until the mid-1980s the term EROPS (extended range operations) was used before being superseded by ETOPS usage. In 1997 when Boeing proposed to extend ETOPS authority for twins to beyond 180 minutes Airbus proposed to replace ETOPS by a newer system referred to as LROPS or Long Range Operational Performance Standards which would affect all civil airliners not just those with a twin-engine configuration with more than 180 minutes ETOPS. According to the FAA in 2007 "Several commenters . recommended use of the acronym "LROPS"-meaning 'Long Range Operations'-for three- and four-engine ETOPS to avoid confusion particularly for those operations beyond 180-minutes diversion time. The FAA has decided to use the single term 'extended operations ' or ETOPS for all affected operations regardless of the number of engines on the airplane. Government-owned aircraft (including military) do not have to adhere to ETOPS regulations.


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• A non-ETOPS flight will be constrained by the shaded 60 min flight-time circles. A 120 min ETOPS flight-time circles would permit a direct routing

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7.12.3 Maintenance and Dispatch Requirements •

In accordance with Rule 27 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994 an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless the aircraft its engine equipment and radios are maintained as per maintenance programme approved by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation Authority.


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A maintenance release shall be completed and signed by personnel authorized by the Airworthiness Directorate certifying that the maintenance work performed has been completed satisfactorily in accordance with the procedures described in the maintenance manual and the maintenance organizations procedures manual. The authorized person also ensure that the tasks performed within the time period specified by manufacturer of the aircraft or within such extended period as may be authorized by the Airworthiness Directorate. an aircraft registered in Pakistan must be maintained in accordance with the certification basis i.e. the aircraft design standards accepted by DGCAA All operators of aircraft and helicopters shall develop a program for monitoring and assessing maintenance and operational experience with respect to continuing airworthiness. The monitoring program / methodology shall be defined in their company exposition manual. The significant experiences remedial actions shall be incorporated in the approved maintenance programme and such experience shall also be communicated to Type Certificate / Certificate of Type Approval holder. Where applicable maintenance programme shall also include the inspections related to ageing of aircraft such as Structural Integrity Program and/or ageing of electrical wires.


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Where applicable the aircraft shall be subjected to an approved reliability programme and ETOPS. The maintenance shall be carried out by licensed aircraft maintenance engineers or approved organizations or persons authorized by the PCAA. Furthermore the aircraft shall be flown within the limitations prescribed in the Flight Manual and Operations Manual or equivalent documents of the aircraft. All defects which affect safety of the aircraft shall be investigated and rectified before the aircraft flies. The permissible defects may be carried forward as per approved MEL. In case of any modification the State who has issued approval to the specific modification shall be responsible for maintaining the continuing airworthiness and will be declared as the State of Design for that specific modification. If required all recommended inspections associated with modification shall be included in the maintenance programme.

If the STC has been incorporated on the aircraft or its component the State who has issued approval to the specific STC shall be responsible for maintaining the continuing airworthiness and will be declared as the State of Design for that specific STC. If required all recommended inspections associated with STC shall be included in the maintenance program



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All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations & minimum Equipment Requirements The term All Weather Operations is used to describe aircraft operations under all runaway visibility conditions with regards to takeoff landing and taxi. The special emphasis is on poor visibility conditions. The regulation covering this is E A S A -AWO (All Weather Operations). The EASA-AWO is made of: o Category 1 (Cat I) o Category 2 (Cat II) o Category 3 (Cat III) o Low Visibility Take off (LV TO) o Low Visibility Taxi (LV TAXI) The objective of Cat II/Cat III operations is to provide a level of safety when landing in conditions of low visibility conditions equivalent to that in normal operating conditions o o

Cat I refers to good visibility (normal operating conditions). Cat II/Cat III constitutes the main part of All Weather Operations (AWO)

7.13.1 DECISION HEIGHT To understand the concept of Cat II/Cat III operations it is important to understand the concept of DH. DH is the wheel height above the runway elevation by which a goFor Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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around must be initiated unless adequate visual reference has been established & the aircraft position and approach path has been assessed satisfactory to continue the approach & landing in safety DH is measured by means of Radio Altimeter

7.13.3 CATEGORY II (CAT II) 7.13.2 RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE

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Another term encountered is the Runway Visual Range (RVR). It is the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the center line of the runway can see the runway center markings or the lines delineating the runway or identifying the center line


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Category II approach is a precision approach & landing with decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft) but not less than 30m (100ft) & an RVR of not less than 350 m (1200 ft) The main objective of Cat II operations is to provide a level of safety equivalent to other operations but in more adverse weather conditions & lower visibility Cat II weather minima allow sufficient visual references at DH to permit a manual landing or a missed approach to be executed


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7.13.4 CATEGORY III (CAT III) •

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Main difference between CAT II/ CAT III operations is that CAT II provides sufficient visual reference to permit a manual landing at DH whereas CAT III does not provide sufficient visual reference & requires an automatic landing system CAT III is divided into three subsystems: o CAT IIIA o CAT IIIB o CAT IIIC All these three subsystems are associated with three minima levels. Cat IIIA is associated with highest minima and Cat IIIC associated with lowest minima An automatic landing system is mandatory to perform Cat III operations. Its reliability must be sufficient to control the aircraft to touchdown in Cat IIIA operations & through rollout and taxi phase in Cat IIIB operations



Cat IIIA •

A category III A approach is a precision instrument approach and landing with no decision height or a decision height lower than 100ft (30m) and a runway visual range not less than 700 ft (200 m)

Cat III8 •

A category III B approach is a precision approach and landing with no decision height or a decision height lower than 50ft (15m) and a runway visual range less than 700ft (200m) but not less than 150ft (50m).

Cat IIIC •

A category III C approach is a precision approach and landing with no decision height and no runway visual range limitation. CAT III C operations are not currently authorized by Airworthiness Authorities


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7.14 PERFORMANCE 8ASED NAVIGATION (P8N) •

The Performance 8ased Navigation (PBN) concept specifies RNAV (Area navigation) and RNP (Required Navigation performance) system performance requirements in terms of accuracy integrity availability continuity and functionally needed for proposed operations in the context of a particular Airspace concept when supported by the appropriate navigation infrastructure.

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PBN concept represents a shift from sensor-based to performance-based navigation.

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Before going into the details certain basic terminologies need to be understood

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Visual Flight Rules (VFR) is often used for sight-seeing flights aerial photography or lift services for parachute jumping. Pilots flying under VFR are not permitted to fly through clouds. Many non-commercial private recreational aircraft also operate under VFR whenever the sky is clear. Under VFR the pilot is primarily responsible for navigation obstacle clearance and maintaining separation from other aircraft using the see-and-avoid concept.

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Instrument

Flight

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regulations

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procedures for flying aircraft by referring only to the aircraft instrument panel for navigation even if nothing can be seen outside the cockpit windows. An IFR-rated pilot can fly while looking only at the instrument panel. An IFR-rated pilot can also be authorized to fly through clouds using Air Traffic ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 7 - 20

Control procedures designed to maintain separation from other aircraft. Most scheduled airline flights operate under IFR. •

Separation (or Protection) The most important concept of IFR flying is that separation is maintained regardless of weather conditions. In controlled airspace Air Traffic Control (ATC) separates IFR aircraft from obstacles and other aircraft using a flight clearance based on route time distance speed and altitude. ATC monitors IFR flights on radar or through aircraft position reports in areas where radar coverage is not available. Aircraft position reports are sent as voice radio transmissions. Aircraft position reports are not necessary if ATC reports that the aircraft is in radar contact. In the United States a flight operating under IFR is required to provide position reports unless ATC advises a pilot that the plane is in radar contact. The pilot must resume position reports after ATC advises that radar contact has been lost or that radar services are terminated.

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Navigation Under IFR the primary means of navigation are either via radio beacons on the ground such as VORs and NDBs or GPS. In areas of radar coverage ATC may also assign headings to IFR aircraft also known as radar vectors. Radar vectors are one of several methods which ATC uses to provide separation between aircraft for landing especially in busy traffic environments; in less congested airspace aircraft are increasingly responsible for their own traffic awareness and collision avoidance. Modern Flight Management Systems have evolved sufficiently to allow a crew to plan a flight not only as to route and altitude but to


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specific time of arrival at specific locations. This capability is used in several trial projects experimenting with four dimensional approach clearances for commercial aircraft with time as the fourth dimension. These clearances allow ATC to optimize the arrival of aircraft at major airports which increases airport capacity and uses less fuel providing monetary and environmental benefits to airlines and the public at large respectively. •

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Required Navigation Performance (RNP) and Area Navigation (RNAV) are two aircraft navigation specifications for Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight of Performance-based Navigation (PBN). RNP and RNAV systems are fundamentally similar. The key difference between them is the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting. A navigation specification that includes a requirement for on-board navigation performance monitoring and alerting is referred to as an RNP specification. The one not having such a requirement is referred to as an RNAV specification. Area Navigation (RNAV) is a method of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) navigation that allows an aircraft to choose any course within a network of navigation beacons rather than navigating directly to and from the beacons. This can conserve flight distance reduce congestion and allow flights into airports without beacons. RNAV can be defined as a method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired course within the coverage of station-referenced navigation signals or within the limits of a self contained system capability or a combination of these.



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RNAV specifications include requirements for certain navigation functions. These functional requirements include: Y Continuous indication of aircraft position relative to track to be displayed to the pilot flying on a navigation display situated in his primary field of view; Y Display of distance and bearing to the active TO waypoint; Y Display of ground speed or time to the active TO waypoint; Y Navigation data storage function; and Y Appropriate failure indication of the RNAV system including its sensors. RNAV operations are based on the use of RNAV equipment which automatically determines the aircraft position in the horizontal plane using input from one or a combination of the following type of position sensors together with the means to establish and follow a desired path. Y VOR / DME Y DME /DME Y INS or IRS Y GNSS

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An RNP system utilizes its navigation sensors system architecture and modes of operation to satisfy the RNP navigation specification requirements.

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It must perform the integrity and reasonableness checks of the sensors and data and may provide a means to deselect For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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specific types of navigation aids to prevent reversion to an inadequate sensor. Dual system/sensor installations may also be required depending on the intended operation or need. An RNAV system capable of achieving the performance requirements of an RNP specification is referred to as an RNP system. Because specific performance requirements are defined for each navigation specification an aircraft approved for a RNP specification is not automatically approved for all RNAV specifications. Similarly an aircraft approved for an RNP or RNAV specification having stringent accuracy requirements is not automatically approved for a navigation specification having a less stringent accuracy requirement. The current specific requirements of an RNP system include: • Capability to follow a desired ground track with reliability repeatability and predictability including curved paths; and • Where vertical profiles are included for vertical guidance use of vertical angles or specific altitude constraints to define a desired vertical path.

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The performance monitoring and alerting capabilities may be provided in different forms depending on the system installation architecture and configurations including: • Display and indication of both the required and the estimated navigation system performance; • Monitoring of the system performance and alerting



the crew when RNP requirements are not met; and • Cross track deviation displays scaled to RNP in conjunction with separate monitoring and alerting for navigation integrity.

7.15 •

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REDUCED VERTICAL SEPERATION MINIMUM Reduced Vertical Separation Minima or Minimum (RVSM) is an aviation term used to describe the reduction of the standard vertical separation required between aircraft flying at levels between FL290 (29 000 ft.) and FL410 (41 000 ft.) from 2 000 feet to 1 000 feet (or between 8 900 metres and 12 500 metres from 600 metres to 300 metres in China). This therefore increases the number of aircraft that can safely fly in a particular volume of airspace. Historically standard vertical separation was 1 000 feet from the surface to FL290 2 000 feet from FL290 to FL410 and 4 000 feet above this. This was because the accuracy of the pressure altimeter (used to determine altitude) decreases with height. Over time Air data computers (ADCs) combined with altimeters have become more accurate and autopilots more adept at maintaining a set level therefore it became apparent that for many modern aircraft the 2 000 feet separation was too cautious. It was therefore proposed by ICAO that this be reduced to 1 000 feet. Between 1997 and 2005 RVSM was implemented in all of Europe North Africa Southeast Asia and North America South America and over the North Atlantic South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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The North Atlantic implemented initially in March 1997 at flight levels 330 through 370. The entire western hemisphere implemented RVSM FL290-FL410 on January 20 2005. Africa implemented it on September 25 2008. Only aircraft with specially certified altimeters and autopilots may fly in RVSM airspace otherwise the aircraft must fly lower or higher than the airspace or seek special exemption from the requirements. Additionally aircraft operators (airlines or corporate operators) must receive specific approval from the aircraft's state of registry in order to conduct operations in RVSM airspace. Non RVSM approved aircraft may transit through RVSM airspace provided they are given continuous climb throughout the designated airspace and 2 000ft vertical separation is provided at all times between the non-RVSM flight and all others for the duration of the climb/descent. Critics of the change are concerned that by reducing the space


7.16 Safety Management System •

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between aircraft RVSM may increase the number of mid-air collisions and conflicts.

• In the ten years since RVSM was first implemented not one collision has been attributed to RVSM

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In recent years a great deal of effort has been devoted to understanding how accidents happen in aviation and other industries. As a result of extensive research it has been proved that most accidents result from human error. Studies have further confirmed that these human errors are not purely indicative of carelessness or incompetence on the job. Investigators are finding that the human is only the last link in a chain that leads to an accident. We will not prevent accidents by changing people; we will only prevent accidents when we address the underlying causal factors. In the 1990's the term 'organizational accident' was coined because most of the links in an accident chain are under the control of the organization. Since the greatest threats to aviation safety originate in organizational issues making the system safer will require action by the organization. Aviation safety experts and Regulatory Authorities worldwide have accepted and endorsed the conclusion that the most efficient way to enhance aviation safety is to adopt a systematic approach to manage safety. The basic safety process is accomplished in five steps:


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A safety issue or concern is raised a hazard is identified or an incident or accident happens The concern or event is reported or brought to the attention of management; The event hazard or issue is analyzed to determine its causes or sources; Corrective action control or mitigation is developed and implemented; and The corrective action is evaluated to make sure it is effective. If the safety issue is resolved the action

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can be documented and the safety enhancement maintained. If the problem or issue is not resolved it should be re-analyzed until it is resolved. Safety is defined by ICAO as a state in which the risk of harm to persons or property damage is reduced to and maintained at or below an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. A Safety Management System is a systematic approach to managing safety including the necessary organizational structures accountabilities policies and procedures. A Safety Management System concerns itself with organizational safety and defines how the Airline intends the management of air safety to be conducted as an integral part of the company's business management activities.

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In common with all management systems a safety management system provides for goal setting planning and measuring performance. A Safety Management System is woven into the fabric of the organization. It becomes part of the culture; the way people do their jobs. Notwithstanding the Regulatory aspect aviation experts agree that implementation of an SMS by an Airline is justifiable as it also makes good business sense from the viewpoint of cost/benefit analysis. Aviation can never be entirely risk free. While risk can never be completely eliminated it must be reduced to as low a level as is reasonably practicable to ensure maximum safety and operational efficiency. The primary requirement for a Safety Management System (SMS) is to establish a management system that has the necessary processes and procedures in place such that operational safety is maintained at this acceptable level (risk management) and specified operational results are always achieved (quality management). Unlike traditional methods which typically identify safety deficiencies after undesired events safety management systems proactively identify and reduce causative hazards and their associated risks.


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7.17 • • • •

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State Safety Program ICAO Standards place a responsibility on ICAO contracting States to have a State Safety Programme (SSP). The programme is an integrated set of Regulations and activities aimed at improving safety. An SSP is a management system for the management of safety by the State. The implementation of an SSP must be commensurate with the size and complexity of the State's aviation system and may require coordination among multiple authorities responsible for individual elements of civil aviation functions in the State. There are four components of an SSP which represent the two core operational activities an SSP must undertake as well as the organizational arrangements that are necessary to support such core operational activities. The four components of an SSP are: • State safety policy and objectives; • State safety risk management; • State safety assurance; and • State safety promotion. Since Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) has regulatory responsibilities for aviation safety we need to examine our legislations policies and processes from the view point of SSP.



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Although it may have been assumed that all is in order the SSP may still reveal issues that should be resolved to improve the way in which aviation safety is managed in Pakistan. The SSP is based on comprehensive analyses of the State's aviation system; state safety policies (based on hazard identification) and safety risk management. Also safety oversight is focused on the areas of significant safety concerns or higher safety risks. Thus SSP provides the means to combine prescriptive and performance-based approaches to safety rulemaking policy development and oversight by Pakistan.


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Sub Module 8- National Regulations & Publications

Sub Module B

NATIONAL REGULATIONS AND PU8LICATIONS



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8.1


Pakistan National Aviation Policy 2) Open skies policy

(Reference Ministry of Defence Letter # AT-10 (11) / 2000 dated December 18 2004 and Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Airworthiness Directorate policy letter # 69 (Rev-1) HQ CAA/22634/31/AW dated January 05 2005)

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1) Objectives of the policy •

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To ensure safe and efficient civil aviation operations in the country facilitate operations in the domestic market of the safest standards in conformity with ICAO standards by an optimum number of airlines to encourage competition without dissipating the market. For international operations the conditions will be provided to allow fair and reasonable competition to the Pakistan carriers with sufficient encouragement to the foreign airlines to continue to serve Pakistan in the most efficient manner and in largest number possible To contain predatory pricing and unfair competition both internationally and domestically through a system of filling of tariffs and compliance thereof. To improve terminal facilities and remove bottlenecks for passengers making Pakistani airports passenger friendly. To promote and encourage tourism in Pakistan by integration of the tourism policy with the aviation policy.


Unlimited Open Skies Policy may not be adopted for the present. However selective Open Skies Policy may be implemented by having agreements on the principle of reciprocity and bilateralism with maximum number of countries.

3) Airline license •

The airline licenses may be issued strictly in accordance with the provisions of Civil Aviation Authority Rules.

4) Conditions for operations by airlines • •

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Minimum fleet requirement will be at least three aircrafts to avoid in convenience to the traveling public. Pakistani airlines will be permitted to induct aircraft on wet or dry lease subject to conditions laid down by Government/CAA Fleet registration in Pakistan will be mandatory for Pakistani airlines. Within one year of implementation of policy at least one aircraft must be registered in Pakistan. -- The restrictions on age and origin of aircraft inducted by private airlines to be as follows: For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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In case of Eastern origin/ Russian aircraft maximum age at the time of induction 15 years and airworthiness criteria specified by PCAA. In case of Western/European aircraft no age limit. However Airworthiness would be the criteria.


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5) Domestic operations • •

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PIA and private sector airlines will continue to freely operate on domestic routes. Eight destinations i.e. Chitral Gilgit Skardu Gwadar Panjgur Turbat Pasniand Jiwani may continue to be treated as socio economic routes and the fares may be deregulated. Private airlines must service the following domestic routes as a minimum: Y Minimum of two trunk routes one of which should include Peshawar Quetta Multan or Faisalabad. Y Minimum of 2 frequencies per week on one socio economic or one tertiary route. In case of their inability to service socio economic or tertiary routes private airlines to pay a royalty to PIA @ Rs. 500 000 per month.

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PIA may continue to operate on all routes presently being operated by it -- Private sector airlines along with PIA should also be eligible to operate to countries where open skies or multiple designations of airlines are available. Where PIA is not operating to its full entitlement the surplus capacity of PIA on these routes may be given to private airlines. While finalizing new ASAs Pakistan should opt for multiple designations of airlines particularly for cargo and charter services. Under the ASA's where ever PIA has no plans to operate private sector airlines if they so desire may be designated to operate on such routes and PIA's designation may be withdrawn. Operation by private carriers on the international routes should be linked with their continued operation on domestic routes for at least one year and meeting all mandatory conditions of domestic operations to justify acquisition of international route. 5th freedom rights are to be granted strictly on the basis of reciprocity ensuring balancing of rights in terms of market value and that the commercial interests of Pakistan are not compromised. Selective concessions may be made for quality airlines.


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7) Government taxes & duties •

•

• • •

For levy of Government duties & taxes on import of aircraft and spares both PIA and private airlines would be treated at par. On import of aircraft engines and spares a uniform duty of 10% would be levied. The airline may pay 5% as down payment and the remaining 5% in two years in installments. Used aircraft engines/spares are allowed to be imported on the duty to be 10 % of the value of the item. The ramp area at airports is declared as duty free area / zone. Note: Government taxes and duties are subject to reviews by Central Board of Revenue through SRO"s. Current SRO's may be referred pm website www.cbr.gov.pk Finance Division to be consulted.


9) International cargo services •

•

Pakistan should continue to allow open skies policy for foreign airlines while simultaneously trying to convert the unilateral policy into bilateral open skies with major destinations of the world. Private sector will be encouraged to establish all cargo airlines including charter in future.

10) International charter operations •

No restrictions may be placed on international charter services.

11) PCAA aeronautical charges •

The PCAA aeronautical charges for domestic and international operations should be reviewed from time to time in consultation with users.

8) Opening up of northern gateways of pakistan to foriegn airlines 12) Constructions of airports • • •

Northern gateways will remain open without compromising foreign airlines frequencies to the Southern gateways. Additional frequencies to Lahore airport will be granted upon completion of the new terminal facilities. Grant of access will be permitted to quality carriers on basis of reciprocity available capacity and terminal handling facilities.


•

•

New airports will be constructed on Built Operate and Transfer (BOT) basis unless otherwise specified by the Government of Pakistan. Private sector participation in the construction of airports may be encouraged.


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13) Monitoring & implementation of aviation policy • •

The aviation policy will be implemented by DG CAA. Review and monitoring of the policy will be carried out by the Ministry of Defense.


8.2

Civil Aviation Rules of 1994 8.2.1

•

Making of rules start from different departments of PCAA where PCAA officers and legal experts taking into consideration ICAO Annexes and rules from other regulatory bodies and making them compatible with our environment form a report and sends it to the National Assembly through the Ministry of defense where it is recommended and send to the Senate for approval.

•

After getting approval from the Parliament it is signed by the President of Pakistan and it becomes a LAW

14) Market clean up board •

•

In order to regulate tariffs a market clean-up board will be established by the PCAA with one representative each from PIAC AOC private airlines and travel agents. The board to meet as required reviewing the tariffs filed by airlines. Investigate complaints and impose penalties on violators.

15) Addendum

8.2.2 •

•

Airworthiness Criteria for Cargo Aircraft. The following shall be counted toward "Airworthiness Criteria" of an aircraft at the time of its induction by cargo operators: • The Aircraft shall not exceed: Y 75% of designed calendar life at the time of induction of aircraft and Y 75% of ultimate designed calendar life at the time of induction of aircraft.


How Rules are Made

• •

•

Civil Aviation Rules

These rules may be called the Civil Aviation Rules 1994. Civil Aviation Rules are part of Gazette of Pakistan a statutory notification issued by the order of the President of Pakistan. Currently issued on 3rd October 1994. This is the master document and through ANOs AWNOTs Policy letters on this master document all concerned with the many areas which make up the Civil Aviation industry as a whole come under its powers These rules shall come into force at once.


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•


Part 17 Part 18 Part 19

These rules shall apply to flight operations within Pakistan by aircrafts other than military aircrafts and except where otherwise prescribed to flight operations by aircrafts registered acquired or operating under these rules wherever they may be. 8.2.3

Part 20 Part 21

Unlawful interference Penal provisions and prosecutions Withholding suspension and cancellations of licences and certificates Fares freights timetable and statistical returns miscellaneous

Index of Rules Delegation of Powers by DGCAA

• • •

There are currently 378 rules under CAR 1994. Amendments are issued from time to time. These rules are divided into 21 parts which are further divided into sections and sections have further rules. Part 1 Preliminary Part 2 Administration Part 3 Registration and Marking of Aircraft Part 4 Airworthiness of Aircraft Part 5 Personnel licenses Part 6 Flying training Part 7 Personal Flying Books Part 8 Aerodrome facilities and services Part 9 Conduct of Persons on board an aircraft Part 10 Rules of the air Part 11 Licenses and certification of commercial air operations Part 12 Commercial flight operations Part 13 Aircraft requirements Part 14 Private aircraft operations Part 15 Accidents and incidents Part 16 Transport of dangerous goods by air


Rule 5 of Part 2 Administration says that The Federal Government or the Authority or the Director-General may by order in writing direct that any power or function conferred upon or entrusted to it under these rules shall in such circumstances and under such conditions if any as may be specified in the direction be exercised or performed by : (a) any officer or authority subordinate to it or him or (b) any other person Some of the rules present in following parts are of great interest to Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Technician: • • • •

Part II Part III Part IV Part V

Administration Registration and Marking of Aircraft Airworthiness Requirements Personnel Licenses Section 2 ( Rule 51)


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• • • •

Part XI Operations Part XIII Part XV Part XXI


Licensing and certification of Commercial Air Section 3 Aircraft Requirements Section 2 Accidents and Incidents Section 1 & 2 Miscellaneous (Rule 378)

c)

d) Part II Administration 4. Duties and Powers of the Director General.1. The Director General shall subject to the directions of the Federal Government be charged with the administration of these rules and shall exercise and perform all the powers and functions conferred on the Director-General by these rules. 2. Without prejudice to the generality of sub rule (1) for the purpose of exercising his powers or implementing these rules the Director-General may: a) at all reasonable times enter any place to which access is necessary; b) at all times during working hours enter that portion of any factory or place in which aircraft or parts of aircraft or aero engines or parts of aero engines are being manufactured overhauled repaired or assembled and inspect any such factory or place aircraft aero engine ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 8-7

e)

f)

g)

h)

or parts or documents relating thereto; at any time inspect any aircraft which is required by these rules to be certified as airworthy or in respect of which a certificate of Airworthiness is in force; enter inspect and search any aircraft registered in Pakistan or in a contracting State for the purpose of securing compliance with any of these rules; at any time conduct or direct such examination or test of the holder of a Licence as may be considered necessary to establish the continued medical fitness or the proficiency of the Licence holder in the capacity authorized by the Licence; require the production of any document Licence permit or log book related to the operation of an aircraft if in the opinion of the Director-General or the authorized person it is necessary for the purpose of inspecting the same; subject to the provisions of rule 236 board any aircraft registered in Pakistan prior to its departure if his purpose is a flight inspection of the operation of that aircraft or of the performance of its crew ; and the Director General may with the approval of the Federal government issue Operating Regulations to meet the requirements of the



AVIATION LEGISLATION Sub Module 8- National Regulations & Publications

International Civil Aviation Organization Standards Recommended Practices and Procedures. 3. rever the Director-General is empowered or required under these rules to issue any direction or to give any permission approval or authority he may unless the contrary intention appears in the rule conferring the power or function or imposing the obligation or duty issue the direction or give the permission approval or authority by writing under his hand or by inclusion in Air Navigation Orders or Airworthiness Notices or air safety circulars and at any time that he deems it necessary to publish information relating to conditions or requirements under these rules he may do so by including such information in the Aeronautical Information Publication or in NOTAMS or in aeronautical information circulars or in airworthiness notices or air safety circulars or in Civil Aviation Authority Publications or by writing under his own hand as he considers appropriate. 4. Director-General shall maintain close liaison with the Pakistan Air Force in matters of common interest. 5. Delegation of Powers.-

General may by order in writing direct that any power or function conferred upon or entrusted to it under these rules shall in such circumstances and under such conditions if any as may be specified in the direction be exercised or performed by : (a) any officer or authority subordinate to it or him or (b) any other person.

Part III Registration and Marking of Aircraft 6. Pakistan Aircraft Register. (1) The Director-General shall maintain a register of aircraft which shall be called the Pakistan Aircraft Register and which shall be kept in such form as the Director-General may determine. (2) The Pakistan Aircraft Register shall be made available for inspection at such times and subject to such conditions as the Director-General may specify. 7. Unregistered aircraft not to fly. An aircraft other than a military aircraft shall not fly in Pakistan unless it has been included in the Pakistan Aircraft Register or has been registered in a contracting State.

The Federal Government or the Authority or the Director-



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8. Application for registration of an aircraft.

within fourteen days of the change.

(1) An application for the inclusion of an aircraft in the Pakistan Aircraft Register and for the issue of a certificate of registration shall contain: (a) the name of the manufacturer; (b) the manufacturer's designation of the aircraft; (c) the serial number of the aircraft;

(4) Any transfer of ownership of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be notified to the Director-General by the person or persons acquiring ownership within fourteen days of the transfer.

(d)

name and of all persons or addresses organizations who have a legal interest as owners of the aircraft; (e) if the aircraft is the subject of a hire purchase or leasing agreement the name and address of the person or persons or organization purchasing or leasing the aircraft; and (f) a declaration as to the truth of the statement set out in the application. (2) An

the

application

made

by

two

or

more

persons or organizations who hold joint interest as owner hire purchasers or lessor of the aircraft shall in the application nominate one of them as the person or organization to whom the certificate of registration may be issued.

(3) The holder of the certificate of registration of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall notify the Director-General of any ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 8-9

(5)

Any person or acquiring an interest in an aircraft persons registered in Pakistan under a hire purchase or leasing agreement shall notify the Director-General within fourteen days of such acquisition. (6)A certificate of registration of an aircraft shall be returned to the Director-General by the holder when notifying a change in the registration particulars or when the holder ceases to have an interest in the aircraft. (7)On receipt of an application for registration of an aircraft or notification of a change in the particulars given in an application for registration of an aircraft the Director-General shall when he is satisfied of the accuracy of the information given in the application or notification enter the relevant details in the Pakistan Aircraft Register and issue a certificate of registration to the owner of the aircraft or to the person nominated in the change in the particulars for registration given in the application For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

PIA Training Centre application or notification certificate may be issued.


AVIATION LEGISLATION as the person to whom such a


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(8)

No registered aircraft whether its certificate of registration is in force or not shall be leased outside Pakistan nor shall there be any change partial or otherwise in the ownership possession or use of the aircraft otherwise transferred to any person company or corporation without the prior permission in writing of the Director-General.


may cancel the registration and the holder shall surrender such certificate to the Director-General.

12. Aircraft to carry certificate of registration. The certificate of registration issued by the DirectorGeneral in respect of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be carried in that aircraft at all times.

10. Cancellation of registration. (1)

(2)

(3)

The person or persons or organization named in Pakistan Aircraft Register as the owner or owners of that aircraft shall inform the Director-General: (a) if the aircraft suffers destruction; (b) if it is permanently withdrawn from use; or (c) if it is transferred to the aircraft register of another State. In each case the certificate of registration shall be deemed to be cancelled and if it is in the possession of the owner or owners it shall be forwarded to the Director-General. The holder of a certificate of registration in respect of a registered aircraft may at any time apply to the Director-General for the cancellation of the registration of the aircraft and the Director-General


13. Nationality and registration marks. (1) (2) Pakistan

(3)

(4)

The nationality mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the letters "AP". The registration mark of an aircraft registered in shall be the group of three letters assigned to the aircraft and included in its certificate of registration. The nationality and registration marks allocated to an aircraft shall be painted on its structure or affixed by any other means giving a similar degree of permanence and shall be clean and visible at all times. An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall carry an identification plate inscribed with its nationality and registration marks. The plate shall be made of


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fireproof material and shall be secured to the aircraft in a prominent position near the main entrance. Part IV Airworthiness Requirements 16. Aircraft to have a Certificate of Airworthiness.An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless there is relating to that aircraft a current certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated by the Director General except that: (a)

(b)

an aircraft that has previously been given a certificate of Airworthiness may fly subject to approval by the Director-General for the purpose of qualifying the aircraft for the re-issue of the certificate or if the aircraft has suffered damage to position the aircraft at an aerodrome at which the repairs necessary to restore it to an airworthy condition can be carried out provided that in each case it has been certified as fit to fly by a person authorized to do so under these rules and it does not carry passengers or cargo or any persons other than those required to perform duties in the aircraft related to qualifying it for the reissue of the certificate of Airworthiness or to positioning it at another aerodrome; an aircraft that has been constructed in Pakistan may fly subject to the issue of a permit to fly by the


(c)

Director- General for the purpose of qualifying the aircraft for the issue of a certificate of Airworthiness provided that it has been certified as fit to fly by a person duly authorized by the Director-General and it does not carry passengers or cargo or any persons other than those related to qualifying it for the issue of a certificate of Airworthiness; and Where an aircraft is to be exported from Pakistan the Director-General may issue an export certificate of Airworthiness in such form as he may prescribe in the circumstances of the case in respect of the aircraft. An export certificate of Airworthiness is not a certificate of Airworthiness for the purpose of these rules.

17. Foreign aircraft to have a certificate of Airworthiness. An aircraft registered in a State other than Pakistan shall not fly within Pakistan unless there is relating to that aircraft a current certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated by the State of registry of the aircraft. 18. Issue of certificate of Airworthiness. (1)

The Director-General shall issue or validate a certificate of Airworthiness subject to such conditions


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as he sees fit when he is satisfied that: (a) there has been issued by the appropriate authority of the State from which the aircraft has been exported to Pakistan a certificate with respect to the Airworthiness of the aircraft that is acceptable to the Director-General; or (b) the aircraft was manufactured by the holder of a certificate of approval issued by the Director-General with respect to that manufacture. (2) A certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated underthis rule shall be valid for such period as the DirectorGeneral may determine not exceeding twelve months from the date of issue. 19. Conditions of validity of Certificate of Airworthiness.A certificate of Airworthiness issued by the DirectorGeneral in respect of an aircraft shall cease to be current: (a) (b)

after the date of expiry included in the certificate; if the aircraft or any of its equipment which is essential to the continued Airworthiness of the


(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

aircraft is overhauled or repaired or such equipment is removed or replaced other than in a manner which complies with the maintenance and repair procedures issued by the aircraft manufacturer and any maintenance schedule issued by the State of manufacture of the aircraft and approved by the Director-General; if any inspection of the aircraft or of the aforementioned essential equipment required by the approved maintenance procedure or schedules is not carried out; if any modification specified by the State of manufacture or by the Director-General as essential for the continued Airworthiness of the aircraft is not carried out; if any modification is carried out or equipment installed other than as approved by the DirectorGeneral; if any Airworthiness directive issued by the State of manufacture or a directive issued by the DirectorGeneral is not complied with; or if the aircraft has sustained damage of such a nature that in the opinion of a maintenance engineer licensed under these rules or employed by a maintenance organization approved under these rules it is no longer fit to fly.


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23. Approval of Persons or organizations. (1)

An aircraft shall not be constructed nor any part of an aircraft or equipment to be installed in an aircraft be manufactured in Pakistan except in conformity with the Airworthiness design standards specified by the Director-General.

(2)

A person or organization within Pakistan shall not act as an aircraft constructor or as a supplier or stockist or distributor of aircraft components to be issued in the construction maintenance or operation of aircraft unless that person or organization has the approval of the Director-General to perform that function.

(3)

Applicants for an approval under this rule shall comply with such requirements as the DirectorGeneral may specify and any approval shall be subject to such conditions as the Director-General may attach to it.

If the Director General has reason to believe that a person or organization holding an approval as an aircraft constructor or as a supplier or stockist or distributor of aircraft components has ceased to comply with the conditions for approval he may subject to the provisions of rule 341 suspend such approval for such period as he sees deems fit or may cancel it.

25. Approval of maintenance organizations.(1)

(2)

(3) (4)

An approval given under this rule shall be valid for such period as the Director-General may specify not exceeding one year.

24. Suspension or cancellation of approval.


(4)

Maintenance or inspection of aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not be carried out other than by an approved maintenance organization or by persons licensed or otherwise authorized to do so under these rules. An aircraft maintenance organization within Pakistan shall obtain the approval of the Director-General and shall comply with such directions as he may give before commencing operation. Applicants for an approval under this rule shall comply with such requirements as the DirectorGeneral may specify and any approval shall be subject to such conditions as the Director-General may attach to it. Aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not be maintained


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(5)

(6)


or modified or repaired by an organization outside Pakistan except with the approval of the DirectorGeneral. An approval given under this rule shall be valid for such period as the Director General may specify not exceeding one year. An operator shall provide for the proper and periodic instruction of all maintenance personnel and the training program shall be subject to the approval of the Director-General.

(b)

(c)

(d) 26.

Suspension or cancellation maintenance organization.-

of

approval

of

a (e)

If the Director-General has reason to believe that a maintenance organization has ceased to comply with the conditions for approval he may subject to the provisions of rule 341 suspend such approval for such period as he deems fit or may cancel it. (f) 27.

Maintenance, inspection and servicing of aircraft.An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless; (a)

the aircraft including its engines equipment and radios has been maintained and periodically inspected in accordance with the maintenance procedures


(g)

approved in respect of that aircraft by the DirectorGeneral; and any repairs replacements or modifications have been carried out in a manner approved by the DirectorGeneral; and all modifications and inspections deemed mandatory by the Director-General have been carried out within the prescribed time periods or within such extended periods as may have been authorized by the DirectorGeneral; and all defects entered in the aircraft technical log have been rectified or have been deferred in accordance with procedures approved by the Director-General; and the aircraft has been serviced and replenished in accordance with the procedures specified in the flight manual or maintenance documents using the substances or materials specified therein or as may be specified by the Director-General in Air Navigation Orders or by other means; and in the case of aircraft in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness in the private category has been issued a certificate of maintenance has been completed and signed by a person authorized to do so by the DirectorGeneral to certify that all maintenance work has been completed satisfactorily and in accordance with the approved maintenance procedures and schedules; or in the case of aircraft in respect of which a certificate of



airworthiness in the public transport category or aerial work category has been issued: (i) a certificate of release to service has been completed and signed by a person authorized to do so by the Director-General being a certificate issued after overhauls repairs replacements modifications and mandatory inspections have been carried out on that aircraft; and (ii) a certificate of maintenance review has been completed and signed by a person authorized to do so by the Director-General certifying that all maintenance specified in the approved maintenance schedule has been carried out within the time period specified therein or within such extended period as may have been authorized by the Director-General. 278. Issuance of Maintenance release. (1)

Maintenance release in respect of a registered aircraft shall be issued only by authorized persons and in such a manner and in accordance with such form as the Director- General may direct.

28. Maintenance of commercial aircraft.(1)

All work carried out on a regular public transport



aircraft a charter aircraft or an aerial work aircraft in respect of overhaul repair installation of equipment or inspection shall be carried out by or under the supervision of the holder of an appropriate Licence except that if the overhaul repair installation of equipment or inspection is carried out by a maintenance organization approved under this Part such work may be carried out by or under the supervision of a person or persons approved by the Director-General for that purpose. (2) A person other than an authorized person employed by a maintenance organization approved under this Part shall not sign a certificate of release to service or a certificate of maintenance review in respect of a regular public transport aircraft a charter aircraft or an aerial work aircraft unless he is the holder of an appropriate Licence. (3) For the purpose of this rule an appropriate Licence shall be an aircraft maintenance engineer Licence issued or recognized as valid by the DirectorGeneral authorizing the holder to carry out or to supervise the overhaul the repair the installation of equipment or the modification of such aircraft or such part or components or equipment of aircraft as are included in the Licence and to certify as airworthy an aircraft or parts of an aircraft or components or equipment as appropriate following


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such overhauls repairs or modifications and to sign the appropriate certificate of release to service or certificate of maintenance review.


31. Minimum Equipment List.A regular public transport aircraft or charter aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless all the items of equipment which are included in the minimum equipment list in the approved flight manual or other certification document for the aircraft as being required to be serviceable for the particular operation are serviceable. No amendment shall be made to a minimum equipment list except with the approval of the Director-General.

30. Maintenance manuals.The operator of an aircraft other than a private aircraft registered in Pakistan shall provide for the use and guidance of the personnel or organization engaged in the repair overhaul or maintenance of his aircraft a maintenance manual approved by the Director-General which contains at least the following: (a) procedures for servicing and maintenance; (b) the frequency of each check overhaul or inspection; (c) the responsibilities of the various classes of skilled maintenance personnel; (d) the servicing and maintenance methods; (e) the procedure for preparing the certificate of maintenance review and the certificate of release to service the circumstances under which these certificates are to be issued and the personnel authorized to sign them.

32. Recording and reporting of defects.(1)

(2)

Any person concerned with the maintenance or operation of an aircraft registered in Pakistan who becomes aware of a defect in that aircraft shall take such action as may be necessary to record the defect in the appropriate maintenance document. An owner or operator of an aircraft registered in Pakistan which develops a defect shall cause an investigation of the defect to be carried out and if it is a major defect shall make a report of the investigation as the Director-General may specify.

33. Operators to keep records.(1) The operator of an aircraft registered in Pakistan



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shall ensure that a current maintenance record is kept which shall contain in respect of the entire aircraft: (a) of gravity; (b) equipment; (c)

(d)

(2)

equipment's which are limited to a specified period in service a record of their time in service which will enable their serviceability to be determined and the remaining part of their operating life to be computed together with the date of last inspection.

the empty mass and the location of the centre a record of the addition or removal of

34. Radio equipment to be licensed and approved.details of the type and extent of maintenance work or modification or repair the time in service and the date that the work was carried out; and a chronological list of compliance with Airworthiness directives together with the method of compliance.

Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in Pakistan unless: (a) (b)

In the case of a regular public transport aircraft a charter aircraft or an aerial work aircraft the record kept under this rule shall include:

(a) in service; (b)

(c)

there is in respect of such radio equipment a Licence issued by the Federal Government; the installation in the aircraft has been approved by the Director-General; and(c) the equipment is of a type approved by the Director General and complies with such directions issued by him in respect of airworthiness requirements.

in respect of the whole aircraft the total time Part V Personnel Licenses in respect of the major components of the aircraft the total time in service the date of the last overhaul and the date of the last inspection; and in respect of those instruments and


51. Aircraft maintenance engineer licences. (1)

The Director General shall grant aircraft maintenance engineer licences under this Part subject to such



(2)

(3)

(4)

conditions as he thinks fit when he is satisfied that the applicant for such a Licence is a fit person and is qualified by reason of his knowledge experience competence skill physical and mental fitness to act in the capacity authorized by the Licence; for that purpose the applicant shall furnish such evidence undergo such examinations and tests as the DirectorGeneral may specify in Airworthiness notices and Air Safety Circulars. The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer Licence shall be authorized to carry out or to supervise such overhauls authorized repairs or authorized modifications of such aircraft or parts or components or equipment of aircraft as may be permitted by the Licence and to certify as airworthy such aircraft or parts of an aircraft or components or equipment as appropriate following such overhauls repairs or modifications and to sign a certificate of maintenance review or a certificate of release to service in respect of the aircraft included in the Licence within the limitations of the Licence. Aircraft maintenance engineer licences issued under this Part shall become valid on the date of issue and shall remain valid for a period not greater than two years. Renewal of such licences shall be dependent on compliance with such requirements as may be



specified by the Director-General in Airworthiness notices. Part VIII Aerodrome, Facilities and Services 85. Fuelling of aircraft.(1) An aircraft shall not be refueled or refueled at an aerodrome: (a) (b)

within 15 meters of a building; or at a time when passengers are embarking or disembarking or are on board unless there are qualified personnel in the aircraft who are ready to initiate and direct an evacuation of the aircraft by the most practical and expeditious means available and who are in two way communication with the ground crew supervising the refueling.

(2) Refueling or refueling of an aircraft shall be supervised by a person appointed by the owner or operator of the aircraft or by a member of the flight crew or by a supervisor appointed by the fuel supplier; the person supervising shall ensure that the aircraft is bonded to the fueling hose and to the fueling unit and that both are earthed and that no source of flame or sparks is in the vicinity of the


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aircraft. During refueling or refueling no electrical switch shall be operated in the aircraft.


Part XI Licensing & Certification of Commercial Air Operations 176. Description of an operator.

90. Engines to be run by qualified personnel.(1)

(2)

A person shall not start the engine or engines of an aircraft on the ground nor operate the controls of an aircraft engine which is running unless that person is a pilot or flight engineer licensed to fly that aircraft or is a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer or a member of an approved maintenance organization authorized to ground run the engines of that aircraft. The engine or engines of an aircraft shall not be started unless chocks are in position in front of the main wheels or the aircraft brakes if any are on.

108. Provision of first aid kits.All tenants or lessees of hangars workshops or other premises utilized for commercial purposes at an aerodrome shall provide first aid kits of a type approved by the Director-General or the Manager located in such hangars workshops or premises at a conveniently accessible place.


For the purpose of this Part an operator is a person organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation and in the case of a Pakistan Operator is one that has a principal place of business in Pakistan or if there is no such place of business has a permanent residence in Pakistan. 177. Commercial operations to be licensed. (1)

An aircraft shall not fly for any type of operation unless the operator of that aircraft holds an appropriate Licence granted by the Director-General. The Director General shall with the prior approval of the Federal Government issue the following licences namely:(a) regular public transport; (b) charter if the service is an international service or if the aircraft has a maximum permissible take-off mass greater than 5 700 kgs; or (c) aerial work if the service is an international service; unless the operator of that aircraft holds an appropriate Licence granted by the


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Federal Government. (2)

(3)

For the purpose of this rule an appropriate Licence means in the case of regular public transport a regular public transport Licence in the case of charter a charter Licence and in the case of aerial work an aerial work Licence.

187. Issue of air operator certificates.(1)

The Director-General shall issue or renew air operator certificates under this Part when he is satisfied that an applicant has demonstrated that his equipment organization staffing maintenance And other arrangements are adequate to secure the safe operation of the types of aircraft to be included in the certificate on such flights as are to be authorized and that the applicant can establish and maintain a satisfactory method of supervision of these flight operations. For this purpose an applicant shall supply such information as the Director-General may require.

(2)

An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be subject to such conditions as the Director-General may include in the certificate in the interests of flight safety.

The period of validity of such a Licence and any conditions attached to it shall be as determined by the Director General with the prior approval of Federal Government.

186. Operators to hold an air operator certificate.Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2 of this Part an aircraft shall not fly for the purpose of: (a) (b) (c)

regular public transport; charter; or aerial work;

unless the operator of that aircraft holds an air operator certificate issued by the Director-General.

188. Air operator certificates.(1)

An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall

be:



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(i) an "air operator certificate - airline" which shall authorize the holder to engage in regular public transport operations within the conditions and limitations of that certificate provided that he has also been granted a Licence for such operations by the Federal Government; (ii) an "air operator certificate - charter" which shall authorize the holder to engage in charter operations within the conditions and limitations of that certificate provided that in the case of international charter operations and of charter operations by aircraft with a maximum permissible take-off mass greater than 5 700 kgs he has also been granted a Licence for such operations by the Federal Government; or (iii) an "air operator certificate-aerial work" which shall authorize the holder to engage in aerial work operations within the conditions and limitations of that certificate provided that in the case of international aerial work he has also been granted a Licence by the Federal Government.


199. Operators to be insured.The holder of an air operator certificate issued under this Part shall arrange for insurance in respect of such claims as may be made relating to injury or death of a person not being a passenger in his aircraft or damage to property resulting from any accident or incident involving his aircraft and in the case of the holder of an air operator certificate airline or an air operator certificate - charter shall arrange for insurance within the limits of liability specified in the Warsaw Convention as amended by the Hague Convention in respect of possible claims relating to injury or death of one or more passengers carried in his aircraft as a result of any accident or incident in which his aircraft is involved. Part XIII Aircraft Requirements 243. Emergency locator beacons.(1)

(2)

An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be valid for a period of one year from the date of issue or renewal unless suspended or cancelled by the Director-General.


An aircraft which is registered in Pakistan shall not be flown over water at a distance of 93kms or more from land or over areas where search and rescue would be difficult unless it carries an Emergency Location Beacon-Aircraft which; (a) operates automatically in the event of a crash;


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(b) is capable of manual operation by survivors; (c) has a power source independent of the aeroplane; (d) is water resistant and buoyant; and (e) is unlikely to be rendered inoperative in the event of a crash. (2)

An aircraft to which this rule applied shall not be flown over land areas in Pakistan which have been designated by the Director-General as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult or over land areas in other States which have been designated by the State concerned as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult unless it is equipped with at least one portable survival radio equipment and with such signaling devices and life saving equipment including means of sustaining life as may be appropriate to the area over flown.

(b)

appropriate to the passenger carrying capacity of the aircraft and which are accessible during flights; portable fire extinguishers of a type which will not cause dangerous contamination of the air when they are used inside the aeroplane located in the pilot's compartment and in passenger compartments which are separate from the pilot's compartment;

247. Flight recorders. (1)

An aircraft registered in Pakistan which has a maximum permissible all up mass over 5700 kgs and which is operated by the holder of an air operator certificate - airline or an air operator certificatecharter shall not commence a flight unless it is equipped with a serviceable flight data recorder capable of recording time altitude airspeed vertical acceleration and heading.

(2)

If an aircraft subject to sub rule (1) of this rule has a maximum permissible all up mass over 27000 kgs the flight data recorder shall in addition be capable of recording the attitude of the aircraft and the basic forces acting upon it together with the origin of such forces. The aircraft shall also be equipped with a

246. In-flight emergency equipment. An aircraft registered in Pakistan and operated by the holder of an Air Operator Certificate shall not fly unless it is equipped with: (a)

adequate


medical

supplies

which

are


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serviceable

cockpit voice recorder capable of recording the aural environment of the flight deck.

sufficient stored breathing oxygen with dispensing apparatus: (b)

(3)

(4)

Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders which are installed in compliance with this rule shall be so constructed and located as to afford maximum practicable protection to the recorded data. Flight data recorders shall be capable of retaining the data recorded during at least the last 25 hours operation. Cockpit voice recorders shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 30 minutes of operation.

253. Documents to be carried. (1) An aircraft registered in Pakistan other than a private aircraft shall not fly unless it carries: (a) (b)

(5)

Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders shall be switched on at all times during flight.

(d) 249. Oxygen requirements - commercial aircraft. (e) (1)

An aircraft registered in Pakistan which is operated by the holder of an Air Operator Certificate and which is not equipped with a system for maintaining a pressure greater than 700 hectopascals in the flight crew and passenger compartments shall not fly at an


to supply all crew members and all passengers for any period that the aircraft will be flown at an altitude higher than 13000 ft.

(f) (g)

the certificate of Airworthiness issued in relation to that aircraft; the certificate of release to service and the certificate of maintenance review issued in relation to that aircraft; (c) the Flight Manual or equivalent aircra ft certification document; the licenses issued in respect of the radio equipment installed in the aircraft; if passengers are carried a list of their names places of embarkation and intended places of disembarkation; if cargo is carried bills of lading and manifests relating to that cargo; the Operations Manual or those parts of it relating For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

PIA Training Centre altitude higher than 10000 ft unless it carries


AVIATION LEGISLATION toflight operations.



Part XV Accidents and Incidents 269. Accidents and Incidents.For the purpose of this Part: a) an accident in relation to an aircraft is an occurrence associated with the operation of the aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such persons have disembarked in which: (i) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of being in the aircraft or of being in direct contact with any part of the aircraft including parts which have become detached from the aircraft or of direct exposure to jet blast; except when the injuries are from natural causes or are self inflicted by other persons or when the injuries are to persons secreting themselves outside the areas normally available to the passengers and crew; or (ii) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which adversely affects the structural strength the performance or the flight characteristics of the aircraft and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component; except when the damage is limited to the engine its



cowlings or accessories or when the damage is limited to propellers wing tips antennas tires brakes bearings small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or (iii) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible ; (b) an incident in relation to an aircraft is an occurrence other than an accident associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation and shall include such occurrences as the Director-General may specify in Air Navigation Orders or by other means. 270. Notification of an accident.(1) In the event that an accident occurs: (a)

to an aircraft registered in Pakistan; or (b) in Pakistan to an aircraft registered in another State; the pilot-in-command the operator the owner and the hirer ( if any ) shall each be responsible for ensuring that a notification of the accident is furnished to the Director General by the quickest available means immediately after the accident and by a written report to the Director-General as soon as practicable.




271. Notification of an incident.(2)

The written report referred to in this rule shall contain the following particulars except that if they are not all immediately available the report shall so state and a supplementary report containing those particulars not included in the first report shall be furnished to the Director General at the earliest possible date:

a) the type model nationality and registration marks of the aircraft; b) the name of the owner operator and hirer if any of the aircraft; c) the name of the pilot-in-command of the aircraft; d) the date and time of the accident; e) the last point of departure and the point of intended landing of the aircraft and the nature of the flight; f) the position of the aircraft with reference to some easily defined geographical point; g) the number of persons aboard the aircraft the number killed or seriously injured and the number of others killed or seriously injured; h) the nature of the accident as far as is known; i) the nature and extent of the damage to the aircraft and/or to other property; and j) the physical characteristics of the accident area.


(1) In the event of the occurrence of an incident involving an aircraft registered in Pakistan the pilot-in-command the owner the operator and the hirer (if any) shall each be responsible for ensuring that a written notification of the incident is furnished to the Director-General within forty-eight hours of the occurrence. (2) The written report referred to in this rule shall contain such particulars as the Director-General may specify in Air Navigation Orders or by other means. Part XVIII Penal Provisions and Prosecutions 333. Penalty for contravention of the rules.(1) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of these rules is guilty of an offence. (2) The owner the operator and the hirer and the pilot-incommand and any other pilot of an aircraft that flies in contravention of or fails to comply with any provision of these rules is guilty of an offence.



Part XIX With holding, Suspension and Cancellation of licenses and Cfts 340. Refusal to grant or renew a license or certificate.(1) The Director-General may refuse to grant or to renew a license or certificate under Parts IV V VI VIII or XI of these rules on one or more of the following grounds: a) the applicant has failed to satisfy a requirement prescribed by or specified under these rules in relation to the granting of the license or certificate; b) the applicant has made a false or misleading statement in his application or in connection with his application; c) the applicant is the holder of a license that is suspended; d) the applicant was the holder of a license that has been cancelled; or e) the applicant is not a fit and proper person to have the responsibilities and to exercise the functions and duties of a holder of the license or certificate for which the application was made. (2) The reasons for such a refusal shall be given in writing by the Director-General to the applicant including a statement of the facts or circumstances that justify the refusal.



341. Suspension or cancellation of aerodrome or flying school licenses and air operator certificates etc.(1) For the purpose of enforcing compliance with these rules or with the requirements of Air Navigation Orders or with directions issued under these rules and provided that the purpose is to be secure safety of flight operations the Director-General may: a) suspend any license or approval granted by him under Parts IV VI or VIII of these rules or any certificate granted by him under Part XI of these rules for such period of time as he may consider necessary after recording reasons therefore in writing and/or; b) with the approval of the Federal Government cancels such a license; provided that in each case notice in writing is delivered by hand to the holder of the license or certificate or is sent to him by registered post at the address given in the application for issue or renewal of the license or certificate. (2) The notice of suspension or cancellation under this rule shall include a full statement of the facts or circumstances that constitute the grounds for such action. 342. Suspension or cancellation of personnel licenses.(1) The Director General may vary or suspend and with the approval of the Federal Government may cancel a license


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issued under Part V of these rules where he is satisfied that one or more of the following is applicable: a) the license holder has contravened or failed to comply with any provision of the Civil Aviation Ordinance 1960 the Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Ordinance 1982 or of these rules; b) the license holder fails to satisfy or to continue to satisfy any requirement prescribed by or specified under these rules in relation to the obtaining or holding of such a license; c) the license holder obtained the license as a result of making an untrue statement or by means of a misrepresentation; d) the license holder has not complied with the Requirements of Air Navigation Orders or with directions issued under these rules; e) the license holder has failed in his duty with respect to any matter affecting the safe or efficient flight operation of an aircraft; f) the license holder has ceased to be a fit and proper person to have the responsibilities to exercise and perform the functions and duties of a holder of such a license; or g) the license holder is required to undergo an examination or test under clause (e) sub rule (2) rule 4 of these rules, 378. Repeal The Civil Aviation Rules 1978 are hereby repealed.



8.3

Air Navigation Orders:

These are the orders issued by DGCAA in accordance with Part 2 Administration, Rule regarding Duties and Powers of DGCAA Rule No. 4.3 Rule 4.3 "Wherever the Director-General is empowered or required under these rules to issue any direction or to give any permission approval or authority he may unless the contrary intention appears in the rule conferring the power or function or imposing the obligation or duty issue the direction or give the permission approval or authority by writing under his hand or by inclusion in Air Navigation Orders or airworthiness notices or air safety circulars and at any time that he deems it necessary to publish information relating to conditions or requirements under these rules he may do so by including such information in the Aeronautical Information Publication or in NOTAMS or in aeronautical information circulars or in airworthiness notices or air safety circulars or in Civil Aviation Authority Publications or by writing under his own hand as he considers appropriate" Air Navigation Orders are issued by different Directorates of PCAA. Previously they were represented by : • 90 Issued by PCAA Licensing Directorate • 91 Issued by PCAA Flight Standards Directorate • 92 issued by PCAA Airworthiness Directorate


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Currently they are represented by: • ANO-00X-XXLC Issued by PCAA Licensing Directorate • ANO.91.000X Issued by PCAA Flight Standards Directorate • ANO-0XX-AWRG Issued by PCAA Airworthines Directorate s Some of the following Air Navigation Orders are of great interest to Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Technician: � ANO-001-AWRG-5.0 a Approval of Maintenance Organizations � ANO-004-AWRG-3.0 a Certificate of Airworthiness Permit to Fly and Export C of A � ANO -007-AWRG-3.0 a Aircraft instruments Equipments and Documents for Flight � ANO -010-AWRG-2.0 a Approval of suppliers stockiest & distributors � ANO -014-AWRG-2.0 a Airworthiness type rating (ATR) � ANO -015-AWRG-3.0 a Aircraft Safety Assessment � ANO-145-AWRG-1.1 a Approved Maintenance Organizations ISO 9001 - 2008 Certified PTC/CM/Aviation Legislation/01 8 - 29


� ANO-066-AWRG-1.0 a Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License � ANO-147-AWRG-1.0 a Approved Maintenance Training Organizations 8.4

Airworthiness Notices: (AWNOT)

•

The Airworthiness Notices hereinafter referred to as Notices are issued by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation Authority. The Notices are a means of circulating essential information of an administrative or technical nature to all Civil Aircraft Owners/ Organizations and Aircraft Maintenance Engineers.

•

These Notices are published as a guide and are intended to highlight important operational and maintenance requirements of Civil Aviation Authority

•

Instructions contained in these Notices are to be observed by all concerned and where dates/periods are given for compliance with such instructions the specified date/period must not be exceeded except by the prior written authority of the Director Airworthiness

•

Some of the following Air Worthiness Notices are of great interest to Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Technicians: Y AWNOT-001-AWXX Foreword Y AWNOT-004-AWXX Registration/Changeof Ownership/Possession ofAircraft in Pakistan For Training Purpose Only Rev. 00 Mar 2014

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Y AWNOT-005-AWRG Requirement for Registration of Aircraft Y AWNOT-006-AWXX Purchase of Aircraft Stores Y AWNOT-009-AWXX Reporting Investigation & Rectification of Defects Y AWNOT-010-AWAA Limited Authorization Y AWNOT-011-AWXX Aircraft Weight and Balance Control Y AWNOT-015-AWXX Airworthiness Directives and Mandatory Service Bulletins Y AWNOT-019-AWXX Medical Supplies OnBoard Aircraft Y AWNOT-025-AWEG Requirements for Issue and Extension of Shop Approvals Y AWNOT-031-AWXX Renewal of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer's License Y AWNOT-034-AWEG Type Categories and Ratings of AM EL Y AWNOT-035 Requirements for Issue and Extension of AMEL/P.C/D.I Authorization to Pilots Y AWNOT-041-AWXX Removal of Aircraft from Civil Register Y AWNOT-045-AWXX Duties and Responsibilities of Licensed AME Y AWNOT-052-AWXX Establishment of Civil Aviation Authority Y AWNOT-056-AWXX Access to and Opening of Emergency Exits



Y AWNOT-064-AWRG ETOPS Maintenance Requirements Y AWNOT-065-AWRG Airworthiness Requirements for Issue / Renewal of AOC General Requirements o AWNOT-066for Technical Performance & Reliability Program of an Operator Y AWNOT-070-AWXX Implementation of PBN in Pakistan o AWNOT-071-AWXX PTA License Radio installation Certificate & Allocation of Aircraft address (24 BIT code) Y AWNOT-078-AWEG Examination of B1.1 & B2 Basic Courses Y AWNOT-079-AWEG Criteria for Instructors Examiners & Practical Assessors Y AWNOT-081-AWEG Conversion of Protected Rights 8.5

PCAA Policy Letters

These are letters issued by the DAW on any policy which needs to be emphasized






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8.6

PCAA Enforcement Manual •

If any organization or personnel is involved in any violation and that violation leads to a financial penalty then the manual which leads to the implementation of fine is the PCAA Enforcement Manual

•

Before application of financial penalty following process is done

Y Y Y Y •

Refer Chapter 6 "Enforcement Processes/ Tools and Appeals Review and Revision" of PCAA Enforcement Manual

•

Airworthiness Publications include:

Y Y Y Y


Violation report is filed ONCR is raised Oral Counseling is done Show Cause Notice is issued

CAR 94 ANOs linked with Airworthiness AWNs Enforcement Manual


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M 10 PIA Aviation Legislation

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