Modul Lazarus 2013

ah jar Kuli ter A i r e t a u Buku M raman Komp g Pemro – 9 1 Modul

Bertho Tantular, M.Si.

PEMROGRAMAN KOMPUTER

KATA PENGANTAR

Bismillahirrahmanirrahiim.

Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas segala nikmat dan kuasa-Nya akhirnya modul Pemrograman Komputer dapat diselesaikan. Modul ini merupakan salah satu acuan bagi mahasisa !urusan Statistika yang sedang mengikuti praktikum mata kuliah pemrograman komputer. Modul ini merupakan penjelasan singkat penggunaan so"tare #a$arus untuk statistika dengan disertai contoh-contoh. Modul ini terdiri atas sembilan bagian yaitu %ahasa Pemrograman& 'bjek Pascal dalam #a$arus& Struktur Kondisi& Pengulangan& (ariabel %erindeks& Prosedur dan )ungsi& Membuat *ra"ik& 'bject 'riented Programming.

Modul ini penulis harapkan dapat membantu mahasisa dalam melaksanakan Praktikum mata kuliah pemrograma komputer. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan pada modul ini. +ntuk itu penulis mengharapkan adanya kritik dan saran guna menyempurnakan modul ini agar nantinya dapat menjadi man"aat bagi pembacanya&

Akhir kata penulis ucapkan terima kasih banyak kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu penulisan modul praktikum ini.

Penulis&

%ertho Tantular& M.Si.

Modul Pemrograman Komputer

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................1 DESKRIPSI MATA KULIAH.................................................................................5 MODUL 1 BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN..............................................................6 Bagian 1 BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PASCAL..................................................6 A. Pengertian Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an................................................................... 6 B. Baa!a Pa!$a% &an Per'e"(angann)a............................................................* C. Fit+r O(,e$t Pa!$a%..........................................................................................D. A%g#rit"a &an F%# Cart............................................................................1/ E. S#a%0!#a%........................................................................................................11 Bagian  BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN LA2ARUS............................................ 13 A. Pengena%an S#4tare Laar+!.......................................................................13 B. In!ta%a!i Pr#gra" Laar+!.............................................................................1 C. Me"(+at Se(+a F#r".................................................................................1* D. Mengganti Na"a F#r" &an Mena"(a'an 7+&+%.......................................18 E. Mene"9at'an K#"9#nen 9a&a F#r"...........................................................1 F. Mengat+r Tata%eta' K#"9#nen..................................................................... G. Meng+(a Ni%ai Pr#9erti..............................................................................3 H. Me"(+at Met#&:Pr#$e&+re %eat E;ent....................................................5 I. K#"9i%a!i &an 7a%an'an Pr#gra"..................................................................7. Ur+tan Perinta..............................................................................................3/ K. Men+ &an Perinta 9a&a Laar+!..................................................................31 L. C#"9#nent< Pr#9ert)< Met#&< E;ent...........................................................33 M. Cara Laar+! Be'er,a...................................................................................35 N. Be(era9a O(,e' &an Met#&........................................................................36 O. S#a%0!#a%.......................................................................................................3*

MODUL  OB7EK PASCAL DALAM LA2ARUS..............................................38 Bagian 1 =ARIABEL DAN KONSTANTA ..........................................................3 A. =aria(e%.........................................................................................................3-

Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer B. K#n;er!i Ti9e Data.......................................................................................3C. Integer...........................................................................................................1 D. Rea%...............................................................................................................3 E. String.............................................................................................................6 F. K#"entar Pr#gra" ......................................................................................G. K#n!tanta ...................................................................................................51 H. S#a%0!#a%.......................................................................................................5 Bagian  OPERASI MATEMATIKA....................................................................5 A. O9erat#r Da!ar Mate"ati'a..........................................................................5 B. F+ng!i S>R &an S>RT.................................................................................55 C. F+ng!i E?P &an LN......................................................................................5* D. F+ng!i Trig#n#"etri.....................................................................................5E. O9erat#r MOD &an DI=...............................................................................61 F. F+ng!iI TRUNC &an FRAC..........................................................................63 G. F+ng!i ROUND............................................................................................65 H. Pena"(aan &an Peng+rangan &engan !at+.................................................6* I. S#a%0!#a%.........................................................................................................68 Bagian 3 OPERASI KARAKTER DAN STRING................................................*/ A. F+ng!i ORD &an CHR..................................................................................*/ B. F+ng!i UPCASE...........................................................................................* C. F+ng!i LENGTH..........................................................................................*3 D. F+ng!i COP@................................................................................................*3 E< F+ng!i POS...................................................................................................* F. F+ng!i CONCAT...........................................................................................* G. Pr#!e&+r FORMAT.......................................................................................* H. S#a%0!#a%.......................................................................................................*6

MODUL 3 STRUKTUR KONDISI.......................................................................** Bagian 1 KONDISI IF..THEN ..............................................................................*8 A. Pengertian K#n&i!i.......................................................................................*8 B. Str+'t+r I4...Ten &an I4...Ten....E%!e.........................................................*8 C. K#i&i!i Le(i &ari Sat+.................................................................................81 D. Str+'t+r IF Berting'at..................................................................................86 E. B%#' State"ent..............................................................................................8* Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 2

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Bagian  KONDISI CASE..OF..............................................................................-1 A. Str+'t+r Ca!e...O4.........................................................................................-1 B. Ca!e...O4 &engan Be(era9a K#n!tanta &an Rentang K#n!tanta...................-3 C. Str+'t+r Ca"9+ran........................................................................................-6 D. S#a%0!#a%.......................................................................................................-6

MODUL  PENGULANGAN...............................................................................-Bagian 1 PENGULANGAN FOR..DO................................................................1// A. Peng+%angan FOR .. DO.............................................................................1// Bagian  PENGULANGAN DENGAN KONDISI.............................................1/5 A. Str+'t+r i%e  D#................................................................................1/5 B. Str+'t+r Re9eat .. Unti%..............................................................................1/8 C. S#a%0!#a% .....................................................................................................11

MODUL 5............................................................................................................113 =ARIABEL BERINDEKS...................................................................................113 Bagian 1 ARRA@.................................................................................................11 A. Arra)...........................................................................................................11 B. Arra) M+%ti&i"en!i.....................................................................................116 C. Arra) Dina"i!.............................................................................................118 D. S#a%0!#a%.....................................................................................................13 Bagian  TIPE< SET DAN RECORD.................................................................. 15 A. Ti9e.............................................................................................................15 B. Set...............................................................................................................1* C. Re$#r&.........................................................................................................1* D. S#a%0!#a%.....................................................................................................131

MODUL 6 PROSEDUR DAN FUNGSI............................................................. 13 Bagian 1 PROSEDUR..........................................................................................133 A. Pr#$e&+re....................................................................................................133 B. S#a%0!#a%......................................................................................................136 Bagian  FUNGSI................................................................................................13* A. F+ng!i........................................................................................................13* B. F+ng!i04+ng!i Stati!ti'a..............................................................................1/ Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 3

Modul Pemrograman Komputer C. F+ng!i Integra%............................................................................................13 D. S#a%0!#a%.....................................................................................................16

MODUL * MEMBUAT DIAGRAM...................................................................18 Bagian 1 DIAGRAM BATANG.......................................................................... 1A. BarCart......................................................................................................1B. S#a%0!#a%......................................................................................................151 Bagian  FUNGSI CHART..................................................................................15 A. Cart........................................................................................................... 15 B. S#a%0!#a%......................................................................................................158

MODUL 8 MENGAKSES BERKAS DAN PESAN KESALAHAN.................15Bagian 1 MENGAKSES BERKAS.....................................................................16/ A. Menga'!e! Ber'a!......................................................................................16/ Bagian  MENEMUKAN PESAN KESALAHAN...............................................16 A. Pe!an Ke!a%aan........................................................................................165 B. S#a%0!#a%......................................................................................................1*

MODUL - OB7ECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING........................................1* Bagian 1 MEMBUAT UNIT................................................................................1*5 A. O(,e' &an Ke%a! .........................................................................................1*5 B. Mena"(a Met#&e.....................................................................................1*6 C. De!tr+'t#r...................................................................................................1*D. =i!i(i%ita!.................................................................................................... 1*E. Peari!an....................................................................................................181 F. S#a%0!#a%......................................................................................................181 Bagian  MEMBUAT SOFTARE STATISTIKA.............................................18  A. Me"(+at Ke%a!...........................................................................................18 B. Me"(+at Men+ 9a&a F#r".........................................................................185 C. Men&e!ain F#r".........................................................................................18* D. F#r" Stati!ti'a De!'ri9ti4..........................................................................1- E. S#a%0!#a%......................................................................................................1-3 DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................1-*


Hal 4


DESKRIPSI MATA KULIAH

Mata '+%ia Pe"r#gra"an '#"9+ter a&a%a "ata '+%ia )ang "e"(eri'an 9en,e%a!an !ing'at "engenai (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Pa!$a% &an 9engg+naan !#4tare Laar+! +nt+' !tati!ti'a &engan &i!ertai $#nt#0$#nt#. T+,+an "ata '+%ia ini agar "aa!i!a "e"aa"i a%g#rit"a0a%g#rit"a &a%a" Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Pa!$a%<

'#n&i!i< 9eng+%angan< arra)< 9r#!e& +r &an 4+ng! i< &an

O(,e$t Oriente& Pr#gra""ing !eingga "a"9+ "e"(+at !+at+ !#4tare !tati!ti'a "engg+na'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ;i!+a% Laar+!.


Hal 5


MODUL 1 BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai 9engertian (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an< ,eni!0,eni! (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an< !e,ara (aa!a Pa!$a% &an 9er'e"(angann)a ingga 'e (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ;i!+a%. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ "engenai (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an #gra"an Pa!$a% &an Pengena%an Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+!. Da%a" (agian 9erta"a a'an &i,e%a!'an "engenai 9engertian (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an< ,eni!0,eni! (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an< !e,ara (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Pa!$a%< 4it+r04it+r #(,e' Pa!$a% !erta a%g#irt"a &an &iagra" a%ir F%# Cart. Pa&a (agian 'e&+a a'an &i,e%a!'an "engenai 9engena%an !#4tare Laar+!< in!ta%%a!i !#4tare Laar+!< 9engena%an %ing'+ngan 'er,a Laar+!< "e"(+at &an "engat+r area 'er,a F#r"< "engat+r 9r#9ertie! #(,e' &a%a" 4#r"< 9engena%an i!ti%a0i!ti%a &a%a" !#4tare Laar+! !e9erti event, method, properties.


Hal 


Bagian 1 BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN PASCAL

A. Pengertian Bahasa Pemrograman

Pr#gra" '#"9+ter a&a%a !+at+ i"9+nan &ari 9erinta )ang "e"(erita+'an 'e9a&a '#"9+ter a9a )ang ar+ ! &i%a'+'an. Agar 9erinta ter!e( +t &a9at &i"engerti #%e '#"9+ter< 9erinta ter!e(+t 9er%+ &it+%i! &a%a" (aa!a )ang &i"engerti '#"9+ter )ang &i!e(+t Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an. F+ng!i +ta"a &ari (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an a&a%a "eng+(a 9erinta09erinta &a%a" (aa!a "an+!ia "en,a&i (aa!a )ang &i"engerti #%e "e!in< ata+ %e(i !ing'atn)a &i!e(+t (aa!a "e!in !eingga 9erinta ter!e(+t &a9at &i%a'!ana'an #%e '#"9+ter. Se$ara +"+" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an &i(agi "en,a&i tiga (agian )ait+ 1. Baa!a Ting'at Ren&a )ait+ (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an )ang 9a%ing &e'at &engan (aa!a "e!in< (ia!an)a an)a (er"ain &engan ang'a / &an 1 !a,a. C#nt#n)a Assembly< Turbo Assembler. . Baa!a Ting'at Menenga )ait+

(aa!a

9e"r#gra"an

)ang

"engg+na'an

9erinta09erinta

!e&erana &engan !at+ 'ata !a,a. Ke+ngg+%ann)a a&a%a 'e$e9atan 9r#!e! +nt+' (aa!a ini $+'+9 (ai'. C#nt#n)a C, C++, Visual C++ 3. Baa!a Ting'at Tinggi )ait+ (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an )ang 9a%ing &e'at &engan (aa!a "an+!ia< &engan 'ata %ain "engg+na'an 9erinta09erinta &a%a" (aa!a "an+!ia '+!+!n)a Baa!a Inggri!. Ke'+rangann)a a&a%a 'e$e9atan 9r#!e!n)a '+rang (ai'. C#nt#n)a Pascal, Basic, COBOL, Fortran, Basic, elphi. Unt+' "e"+&a'an &a%a" 9e"(+atan 9r#gra" te%a !e,a' %a"a &iran$ang !+at+ 9e"r#gra"an

)ang

ter!tr+'t+r. Arti

'ata

ter!tr+'t+r

a&a%a

!+at+

$ara

9e"r#gra"an )ang an)a "e"9+n)ai !at+ "a!+'an a%+r 9r#gra"< &an


Hal !

Modul Pemrograman Komputer "engin&ari 9engg+naan %e(i &ari !at+ "a!+'an. Sa%a !at+ 9r#gra" )ang te%a %a"a &iran$ang +nt+' 9e"r#gra"an ter!tr+'t+r a&a%a Pascal.

B. Bahasa Pascal dan Perkembangannya

Baa!a PASCAL 9erta"a 'a%i &i'e"(ang'an 9a&a aa% ta+n */0an #%e NICLAUS IRTH &i Te$ni$a% Uni;er!it)< 2+ri$  Si!!. Na"a PASCAL &ia"(i% &ari na"a !e#rang a%i "ate"ati'a (ang!a Peran$i!< )ait+ BLEISE PASCAL )ang te%a (er,a!a "ene"+'an a%at it+ng "e'ani! 9erta"a &i&+nia 9a&a a(a& 'e01*. Pa&a Aa%n)a (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ini &i9er'ena%'an &engan t+,+an +nt+' "en,e%a!'an "a!a%a 9e"r#gra"an '#"9+ter (agi "aa!i!a )ang (e%a,ar 9e"r#gra"an '#"9+ter. Tern)ata &a%a" a't+ !ing'at< naa!a 9e"r#gra"an ini "en,a&i !a%a !at+ (aa!a )ang !angat 9#9+%er &i'a%angan +ni;er!ita!< !eingga "en,a&i ,+%+'an !e(agai (aa!a +ni;er!ita!. M+%ai &ari aa% 9er'e"(angann)a ingga !aat ini (an)a' !e'a%i ,eni! (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ini< "a!ing0"a!ing "er+9a'an a!i% 9enge"(angann)a< antara %ain  UCSD Pa!$a% Mi$r#!#4t Pa!$a% A99%e Pa!$a% T+r(# Pa!$a% Diantara ;er!i0;er!i )ang a&a< T+r(# Pa!$a% "er+9a'an ;er!i )ang !angat 9#9+%er !aat ini. Baa!a 9e"r#gra"an ini ter"a!+' 'ateg#ri Hig Le;e% Lang+age. In!tr+'!i0in!tr+'!i )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ini !angat !i!te"ati! &an ter!tr+'t+r. Baa!a Pa!$a% "er+9a'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an 9erta"a )ang "en&+'+ng #(,e$t #riente& 9r#gra""ing  Ob!ect Oriented Pro"rammin" )ang 9erta"a. M+%an)a Baa!a Pa!$a% &i'e"(a ng'an #%e Apple Computer Company 9a&a ta+n 1-83 teta9i 'e"+&ian Borland "enge"(ang'ann)a &engan na"a T+r(# Pa!$a%. T+r(# Pa!$a% "er+9a'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an (er(a!i! 9a&a command line inter#ace. T+r(# Pa!$a% "er+9a'an (aa!a )ang $a!e in!en!iti;e )ang (erarti 9en+%i!an &a%a" +r+4 'a9ita% "a+9+n +r+4 'e$i% ti&a' &i9er"a!a%a'an.


Hal "

Modul Pemrograman Komputer O(,e' Pa!$a% !e$ara +"+" &a9at &i'ata'an !e(agai (aa!a 9e"r#gra"a n )(ri& &a%a" arti (aa!a Pa!$a% "en&+'+ng 9a&a Pe"r#gra"an (er!tr+'t+r &an (er#rienta!i #(,e'. $tructured and Ob!ect Oriented Pro"rammin" . Baa!a Pa!$a% ini &a9at &ig+na'an +nt+' (er(agai a9%i'a!i !e9erti a9%i'a!i 9enga,aran< 9enge"(angan ga"e< a9%i'a!i (i!ni!< a9%i'a!i internet< a9%i'a!i '#"+ni'a!i< a%at0a%at 9enge"(angan &an 'erne% !i!te" #9era!i. Seiring &engan 9er'e"(angan te'n#%#gi ter'ait &engan !i!te" #9era!i )ang &ig+na'an B#r%an& "enge"(ang'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Pa!$a% agar &a9at &ia&a9ta!i #%e !i!te" #9era!i )ang (ar+. Per'e"(angan !i!te" #9era!i ;i!+a% !e9erti in&#!< Ma$ OS &an Lin+ a'irn)a B#r%an& "e"+t+!'an +nt+' "e"(+at 9enge"(angan Baa!a Pa!$a% "en,a&i Baa!a 9e"r#gra" an ;i!+a% &engan na"a

Delphi.

Da%a"

9er'e"(angannn)a

De%9i

"en,a&i A%at

9enge"(angan a9%i'a!i ter(ai' %apid Application evelopment !aat it+. =er!i 9erta"a De%9i &i ri%i! 9a&a ta+n 1--5 )ang 'a)a a'an 9a'et09a'et &an !e,+"%a !et '#"9#nen )ang "en&+'+ng 9enge"(angan a9%i'a!i in&#! &an &ata(a!e. Dengan (er'e"(angna)a (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ;i!+a% &+'+ngan B#r%an& tera&a9 (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an (er(a!i! $#""an& %ine inter4a$e !e"a'in (er'+rang. Ha% ini &i"an4aat'an #%e ti" freepascal +nt+' "enge"(ang'an 9r#)e' #9en !#+r$e +nt+' "e"(+at a9%i'a!i $#"9i%er )ang '#"9ati(e% &engan T+r(# Pa!$a%. Free9a!$a% "er+9a'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an )ang "+%ti9%at4#r" !eingga (i!a (er,a%an +nt+' (er(agai !i!te" #9era!i !e9erti in&#!< Lin+ &an Ma$ OS. Free Pa!$a% 1./ 9erta"a 'a%i &i ri%i! 9a&a (+%an 7+%i ta+n ///. Free Pa!$a% a&a%a $#"9i%er )ang 'e'+rangann)a a&a%a ti&a' "en&+'+ng IDE &nte"rated evelopment 'nvironment !e9erti De%9i. Ti" 4ree 9a!$a% a'irn)a "enge"(ang'an 9r#)e' Laar+! )ang "er+9a'an IDE &ari Free Pa!$a%< )ang "ena"9i%'an e&it#r '#&e !+"(er!#+r$e $#&e e&it#r< &e(+gger< (er(agai 4ra"e#r' &an 9a'et (eri'+t '#"9#nen 'e9+!ta'aan %i(rar) )ang "iri9 &engan De%9i IDE. Laar+! ;er!i 1./ &i ri%i! 9a&a Ag+!t+! ta+n /1< 'arena !i4atn)a )ang #9en !#+r$e (an)a' !+'are%aan )ang "en+%i!'an 9a'et &an '#"9#nen +nt+' %aar+! &an '#"+nita!n)a te%a (er'e"(ang.


Hal #

Modul Pemrograman Komputer C. it!r "b#ect Pascal

O(,e$t Pa!$a% a&a%a (aa!a 9e"r#gra" an ting'at tinggi !eingga )ang !angat "+&a +nt+' &i9e%a,a ri #%e !ia9a9+n. C#"9i%er (aa!a Pa!$a% !angat $e9at &an a9%i'a!i0a9%i'a!i )ang a!i%'an !angat re%ia(e%< $e9at &an (i!a &i(an&ing'an &engan (aa!a C ata+ CJJ. Kita &a9at "en+%i!'an a9%i'a!i0a9%i'a!i )ang (e!ar &engan IDE De%9i tan9a "ene"+i '#"9%e'!ita! &a%a" 9en+%i!ann)a. Ma!a%a )ang "+n$+% &a%a" 9engg+naan !#4tare Borland elphi a&a%a (aa +nt+' &a9at "engg+na'an !#4tare ter!e(+t "e"(+t+'an %i!en!i )ang (er(a)ar. Ha% ini tent+n)a "en,a&i 'en&a%a ter+ta"a (agi 'a%angan "aa!i!a. Saat ini (er(agai +9a)a te%a &i%a'+'an +nt+' "engata!i 'en&a%a ter!e(+t< !a%a !at+n)a a&a%a &engan &i(+atn)a !#4tare0!#4tare grati! +nt+' 'a%angan "aa!i!a student version &an !#4tare grati! !a"a !e'a%i  #ree(are. S#4tare0!#4tare !e9erti it+ $+'+9 9e!at 9er'e"(angann)a &a%a" &e'a&e tera'ir 'arena a&an)a 9%at4#r" %in+ )ang open source &a%a" arti !e"+a #rang tan9a (ata! &a9at "eng+(a< "e"#&i4i'a!i< "engganti< "engg+na'an &an "en&i!tri(+!i'ann)a !e$ara gati! GNU P+(%i$ Li$en!e :GPL. Sa%a !at+ !#4tare )ang "en&+'+ng a% ter!e(+t a&a%a Laar+!. Laar+! "er+9a'an !#4tare (er(a!i! Pascal )ang &iran$ang +nt+' "e"en+i (er(agai ,eni! 9e"r#gra"an gra4i!. Karenan)a Laar+! &i!e(+t !e(agai '%#ning0n)a De%9i teta9i tent+ !a,a &engan %i!en!i grati!.

D. Algoritma dan lo$ Chart

A%g#rit"a "er+9a'an !+at+ %ang'a0%ang'a &a%a" 9en)e%e!aian !+at+ "a!a%a. Lang'a0%ang'a ter!e(+t &a9at &it+%i! "engg+na' an n#ta!i a9a !a,a< a!a%'an "+&a &i(a$a &an &i"engerti< 'arena ti&a' a&a n#ta!i (a'+ &a%a" 9en+%i!an a%g#rit"a. Setia9 #rang &a9at "e"(+at at+ran 9en+%i!an &an n#ta!i a%g#rit"an)a !en&iri. A%g#rit"a '#"9+ta!i "e!tin)a &i(+at ata+ &i!e!+ai'an &engan (aa!a 9e"ragra"an )ang a'an &ig+na'an &a%a" 9en)e%e!aian "a!a%an)a. Se$ara +"+" a%g#rit"a ter&iri ata! tiga (agian )ait+ %. 7+&+% header

)ait+ (again te'! )ang &ig+na'an +nt+' "en&e4ini!i'an na"a 9r#gra"


Hal 1$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer &. De'%ara!i declaration

)ait+ (agian )ang &ig+na'an +nt+' "en&e4ini!i'an ti9e< '#n!tanta< ;aria(e% &an 4+ng!i ata+ 9r#!e&+r '. A%g#rit"a

)ait+ (agian )ang (eri!i 9erinta09erinta  statement )anng ter&iri ata! in9+t:#+t9+t<

a!!ign"ent<

!e+en$e

+r+tan

ana%i!a<

'#n&i!i

&an

9eng+%angan.

Se$ara +"+" a%g#rit"a &a9at &iga"(ar'an &engan "engg+na'an !i"(#%0!i"(#% )ang "+&a &i(a$a &an &i"engerti "engg+na'an &iagra" a%%ir FLO CHART. S+at+ 9r#gra" )ang $+'+9 '#"9%e'! &a9at &iga"(ar'an "engg+na'an Flo( Chart &ari 9r#gra" ter!e(+t. Keg+naan &ari

Flo( Chart !e%ain +nt+'

"e"+&a'an &a%a" 9e"(+atan 9r#gra" ,+ga +nt+' "e"(ant+ #rang %ain )ang ingin "e"9e%a,ari 9r#gra" )ang 'ita (+at. Be(era9a !i"(#% )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" Flo( Chart

Unt+' "e"+%ai $tart ata+ "enga'iri  'nd 9r#gra"

Unt+' "a!+'an &nput

Unt+' !e(+a 9ern)ataan Bloc) $tatement

Unt+' "en)ata'an '#n&i!i 9er$a(angan

Unt+' "en)ata'an &e'%ara!i ;aria(e%< '#n!tanta &%%.

Unt+' "en)ata'an !a"(+ngan ata+ 9eng+(+ng

Unt+' 9eng+(+ng antar a%a"an


Hal 11


Unt+' 9eng+(+ng &an ara antar !i"(#%

Se%ain it+ "a!i (an)a' !i"(#%0!i"(#% %ainn)a. M+ng'in +nt+' 9r#gra" !e&erana !e9erti $#nt# (eri'+t ti&a'%a 9enting "e"(+at F%# $art. Teta9i +nt+' 9r#gra" )ang ,a+ %e(i r+"it ata+ '#"9%e'! F%# Cart a'an !angat (erg+na. Beri'+t a&a%a $#nt# F%# Cart !e&erana +nt+' "engit+ng rata0rata

E. (oal)soal %. Se(+t'an (aa!a 9e"#gra"an )ang 'ita 'eta+i  &. A9a'a )ang &i"a'!+& &engan 4%# $art 


Hal 12

Modul Pemrograman Komputer '. Menga9a &a%a" "e"(+at !+at+ 9r#gra" '#"9+ter &ian,+r'an +nt+'

"e"(+at 4%# $art ter%e(i &a+%+  *. B+at%a 4%# $art +nt+' "engit+ng ;arian! &ari 9#9+%a!i &ari r+"+!


Hal 13


Bagian 2 BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN LAZARUS

A. Pengenalan (oft$are La+ar!s

Laar+!

"er+9a'an

9erang'at

9enge"(angan

a9%i'a!i

(er(a!i!

9a!$a%

&i%ing'+ngan Lin+. Da%a" 9er'e"(angann)a Laar+! ,+ga "en&+'+ng (er(agai 9%at4#r" %ain !e9erti in&#!< Ma$ OS &an S#%ari!. Dengan "engg+na'an 9erang'at %+na' ini 'ita &a9at "e"(ang+n (er(agai a9%i'a!i GUI 9er"ainan< "+%ti"e&ia< &ata(a!e &an %ain0%ain. Dengan 9en&e'atan ;i!+a% 'ita &a9at "en$i9ta'an a9%i'a!i $anggi tan9a (an)a' "en+%i!'an '#&e. Ban)a' (aa!a 9e"9r#gra"an )ang a&a &ea!a ini (ai' )ang (er(a!i! tet CLI "a+9+n gra4i! GUI< (ai' )ang (er(a!i! in&#!< Lin+< S+n S#%ari! "a+9+n !i!te" #9era!i %ainn)a. Pa&a (aa!an ini )ang a'an &ig+na'an !e(agai 'a,ian )ait+ (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Laar+!. Perti"(angan 9engg+naan 9r#gra" ini 'arena Laar+! "er+9a'an 9e"9r#gra"an ;i!+a% )ang !angat 'ita% &an "+&a +nt+' &i9e%a,ari. Laar+! "er+9a'an 9enge"(angan &ari Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Pa!$a% )ang !angat ter'ena% 9a&a Pe"r#gra"an (er(a!i! DOS. Laar+! "er+9a'an !e(+a !#4tare #9en !#+r$e &engan 4ree %i!en!i !eingga 'ita &a9at "en&a9at'ann)a !e$ara "eng+n&+ n)a grati! La+ar!s ,DE (eri'+t ree Pascal Compiler0n)a &i !it+! tt9::%aar+!.4ree9a!$a%.#rg.

Laar+! ter!e&ia +nt+' (er(agai 9%at4#r" (ai' in&#!< Lin+< S+n S#%ari! "a+9+n Ma$ OS. A9%i'a!i )ang &it+%i! &a%a" Laar+! &a9at &i re0$#"9i%e& 9a&a 9%at4#r" %ain +nt+' "en&a9at'an a9%i'a!i )ang &a9at &ie'!e'+!i 9a&a 9%at4#r" ter!e(+t. Se(agi $#nt# a9a(i%a 'ita "en+%i! a9%i'a!i "engg+na'an Laar+! &a%a" 9%at4#r" in&#!< &an 'a"+ "engingin'an a9%i'a!i ter!e(+t (i!a &i e'!e'+!i &a%a" Lin+ 'ita tingga% "en)a%in  copy '#&e !+"(er  source code 'e Laar+! &a%a" Lin+ 'e"+&ian tingga% &i$#"9i%e. Laar+! "e"9r#&+'!i a9%i'a!i a!%i 9a&a !etia9 !i!te" #9era!i< &an ti&a' "e"(+t+'an %i(rar) ta"(aan ata+ "e!in ;irt+a%. O%e !e(a( it+ !angat "+&a +nt+' "en)e(ar'an &an "enge'!e!'+!i !e$ara $e9at. Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 14


B. ,nstalasi Program La+ar!s

Se(e%+" &a9at "e"+%ai &an "engg+na'an Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+!< 'ita ar+! "engeta+i &+%+ &+'+ngan !#4tare ini &a%a" 9%at4#r" a9a. Unt+' 9%at4#r" in&#! 4i%e in!ta%a!i Laar+! (ere'!ten!i .ee &engan !9a$e !e'itar 6/MB. Per%+ &i'eta+i Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+! "engg+na'an #(,e'0#(,e' &a%a" Pa!$a% !eingga 'ita ar+! "engeta+i 9erinta09erinta &a!ar &a%a" 9a!$a%. Sete%a "e"+t+!'an 9engg+naan =er!i Laar+! "a'a %ang'a !e%an,+tn)a a&a%a "engin!ta%a!i Pr#gra" Laar+!. Pr#!e! in!ta%a!i 9r#gra" Laar+! $+'+9 "+&a !e9erti 9a&a in!ta%a!i 9r#gra" (er(a!i! in&#! %ainn)a< tingga% i'+ti 9et+n,+' )ang &i(eri'an 9a&a ta"9i%an &i %a)ar. Unt+' 9engg+na Lin+ 'ita &a9at &engan "+&a "e"9er#%en)a &a%a" !#4tare re9#!it#r). A9a(i%a 'ita "engg+na'an U(+nt+ 'ita tingga% "en+%i!'an 9erinta (eri'+t &i ter"ina%

!+&# a9t0get in!ta%% %aar+!

A9a(i%a 'ita "engg+na'an Fe&#ra 'ita tingga% "en+%i!'an 9erinta (eri'+t &i ter"ina%

)+" in!ta%% %aar+!

Se!+&a Laar+! terin!ta%a!i 9a&a '#"9+ter< 'ita (i!a "e"+%ai "engena% a9a it+ Laar+!. Laar+! a&a%a '#"9i%er:9enter,e"a (aa!a Laar+! aa%n)a &ari Pa!$a% )ang "er+9a'an (aa!a ting'at tinggi !e'e%a! &engan Ba!i$< F#rtran &an C. Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+! &i!e(+t (aa!a 9r#!e&+ra% artin)a (aa!a:!inta'n)a "engi'+ti +r+tan tertent+:9r#!e&+r. A&a ,eni! 9e"r#gra"an n#n09r#!e&+ra% !e9erti 9e"r#gra"an +nt+' 'e$er&a!an (+atan !e9erti (aa!a Pr#%#g. Laar+!

ter"a!+'

Ke%+arga

Baa!a

9e"r#gra"an

=i!+a%

)ang

(erarti

9erinta09erinta +nt+' "e"(+at #(,e' &a9at &i%a'+'an !e$ara ;i!+a%. Pe"r#gra" Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 15

Modul Pemrograman Komputer tingga% "e"i%i #(,e' a9a )ang ingin &i"a!+''an 'e&a%a" F#r"< %a%+ ting'a %a'+ #(,e' ter!e(+t !aat "eneri"a e;ent:a'!i tingga% &i(+at 9r#gra"n)a. Laar+! "er+9a'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"ann (er#renta!i #(,e'< artin)a na"a #(,e'< 9r#9erti &an "et#&e:9r#$e&+re &i'e"a! "en,a&i !at+ 'e"a!an en$a9!+%ate. Se(e%+" "e"9e%a,ari 'etiga !tr+'t+r 9e"r#gra"an a&a (ai'n)a 'ena%i &a+%+ ta"9i%an IDE< )ang "er+9a'an e&it#r &an t##%! +nt+' "e"(+at 9r#gra" Laar+!. Pa&a IDE a'an &ita"9i%'an F#r" (ar+ )ang "er+9a'an a9%i'a!i:9r#gra" in&# )ang a'an &i(+at. A9%i'a!i:9r#gra" (er(a!i! in&#! !ering &i!e(+t &engan ,en&e%a in&#. Bagai"ana "e"(+at a9%i'a!i (er(a!i! in&#! (er(a!i! gra4i' &an (+'an (er(a!i! te'! Caran)a &engan "e"(+at !e(+a 4#r". Pa&a 9e"r#gra"an (er(a!i! in&#!< 'ita a'an &i9era&a9'an 9a&a !at+ ata+ (e(era9a ,en&e%a )ang na"9a' &ia&a9an 'ita. 7en&e%a ini &a%a" Laar+! &i!e(+t ,+ga &engan 4#r". Pa&a 9e"r#gra"an (er(a!i! in&#!< 'ita a'an &i9era&a9'an 9a&a !at+ ata+ (e(era9a ,en&e%a )ang na"9a' &ia&a9an 'ita. 7en&e%a ini &a%a" Laar+! &i!e(+t ,+ga &engan 4#r".

Ga"(ar 1. 7en&e%a Uta"a Laar+!

Pa&a ,en&e%a +ta"a "ain in&#! ini (eri!i i'#n0i'#n +nt+' "engat+r 9r#gra" )ang a'an &i(+at. Se%ain it+ &a%a" ,en&e%a ini ,+ga (eri!i "en+0"en+ +nt+' "e"(+'a ata+ "en)i"9an #(,e'< "e"(+at "e"(+'a &an "en)i"9an 9r#,e'< "en+ +nt+' e'!e'+!i r+n< 9engat+ran 9engg+naan t#%%!< "en+ e&iting &an "en+ (ant+an e%9. Sa)angn)a Laar+! an)a "en)e&ia'an "en+ (ant+an !e$ara #n%ine &an ti&a' "en)e&ia'an !e$ara #44%ine. Pa&a (agian (aa ,en&e%a ini a&a ta(0ta( )ang (eri!i 9a%et09a%et )ait+ (er+9a #(,e'0#(,e' )ang nantin)a a'an &ite"9at'an &i&a%a" F#r".


Hal 1


Ga"(ar . 7en&e%a E&it#r S+"(er S#+r$e E&it#r

Pa&a ,en&e%a !#+r$e e&it#r ini '#&e0'#&e 9r#gra" a'an &it+%i!'an.

Ga"(ar 3. 7en&e%a Pe!an Me!!age!

Me!!age! "er+9a'an ,en&e%a )ang nantin)a a'an (eri!i !e"+a 9e!an 'e!a%aan err#r< 9eringatan arning "a+9+n 'eterangan !+'!e! ti&a'n)a 9r#gra" )ang &i,a%an'an. 7en&e%a %ainn)a a&a%a F#r" )ait+ te"9at 'ita "e"(+at 9r#gra" &an O(,e$t in!9e$t#r )ait+ ,en&e%a +nt+' "engat+r #(,e' )ang &ite"9at'an &i &a%a" F#r". Unt+' 'e&+a ,en&e%a ini a'an &i,e%a!'an 9a&a (agian !e%an,+tn)a.


Hal 1!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Laar+! a&a%a !e(+a 9erang'at %+na' (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an +nt+' "e"(+at 9r#gra" : a9%i'a!i '#"9+ter (er(a!i! in&#!. Laar+! "er+9a'an (aa!a 9e"#gra"an (er(a!i! #(,e'< artin)a !e"+a '#"9#nen )ang a&a "er+9a'an #(,e'0#(,e'.

Ciri

"et#&:9r#$e&+re.

!e(+a Laar+!

#(,e'

a&a%a

&i!e(+t

,+ga

"e"i%i'i visual

na"a<

9r#9erti

pro"rammin"

&an artin)a

'#"9#nen0'#"9#nen )ang a&a ti&a' an)a (er+9a te'! )ang !e(enarn)a 9r#gra" 'e$i% teta9i "+n$+% (er+9a ga"(ar0ga"(ar.

C. -emb!at (eb!ah orm

Saat 'ita 9erta"a 'a%i "a!+' 'e Laar+!< 'ita a'an &i9era&a9'an a&a !e(+a 4#r" '#!#ng )ang a'an &i(+at !e$ara #t#"ati!. F#r" ter!e(+t &i(eri na"a orm%. F#r" ini "er+9a'an te"9at (e'er,a +nt+' "e"(+at antar"+'a

9engg+na.

Ga"(ar . F#r" K#!#ng Pa&a !aat "a!+' Laar+!


Hal 1"

Modul Pemrograman Komputer D. -engganti Nama orm dan -enambahkan !d!l

Bia!a'an !e(e%+" "en,a%an'an 9r#gra"< !e(ai'n)a ganti na"a 4#r" &an (eri ,+&+% !e!+ai 9r#gra" )ang 'ita (+at. Laar+! a'an !e$ara #t#"ati! "e"(eri na"a 4#r"1< 4#r"< 4#r"3< &!t. Na"a 4#r" ter!e(+t '+rang "engan&+ng arti &an a'an "en)+%it'an (i%a 4#r" )ang &i(+at $+'+9 (an)a'. Saat "e"(+'a Laar+! 9erta"a 'a%i< na"9a' !e(+a  ,en&e%a "b#ect ,nspector. 7i'a ti&a' "+n$+% 9i%i "en+ Vie( * Ob!ect &nspector ata+ te'an t#"(#% F11. Pa&a Ob!ect &nspector a&a &+a (+a a%a"an ta( )ait+ Pr#9ertie! &an E;ent!. Properties

&ig+na'an

+nt+'

"engganti

9r#9erti

'e9e"i%i'an

!e(+a

#(,e':'#"9#nen. Se&ang'an E/ents &ig+na'an +nt+' "e"(+at 9r#$e&+re )ang &ia'ti4'an trigere& %eat !e(+a e;ent.

Ga"(ar 5. Ta"9i%an O(,e$' In!9e$t#r Unt+' Pengat+ran Pr#9erti &an e;en


Hal 1#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Se"+a 9r#9erti &i+r+t'an (er&a!ar'an a%9a(eti'< &an &a9at ,+ga &i+r+t'an (er&a!ar'an 'ateg#ri. Ganti%a ,+&+% 4#r" &engan He%%# "e%a%+i 9r#9erti Caption< !e&ang'an na"a 4#r" &engan na"a 4r"He%%# "e%a%+i 9r#9erti Name. Ca9ti#n &ig+na'an +nt+' "en)i"9an 'eterangan )ang &i"+n$+%'an 9a&a 4#r"< !e&ang'an Na"e &ig+na'an !e(agai Na"a &ari #(,e' ter!e(+t. I!i &ari 9r#9erti Na"e ar+! &iaa%i a%9a(et &an ti&a' "engg+na'an !9a!i ata+ tan&a (a$a 'ita !e'arang !+&a "e"(+at a9%i'a!i 4#r" '#!#ng &engan t#"(#% !tan&ar in&#  Mini"ie< Mai"ie< &an C%#!e. 'ita &a9at "eng+(a +'+ran 4#r" &engan "enari' 9a&a (ing'ai 4#r" "engg+na'an "#+!e dra"'%i' t#"(#% 'iri "#+!e< taan t#"(#% ter!e(+t %a%+ ge!er 'e 'iri:'anan ata+ ata!:(aa. 'ita &a9at "e"in&a'an 4#r" &engan "e%eta''an '+r!#r 9a&a 4#r" 'e"+&ian "engge!ern)a &rag. -enyimpan orm

Pa&a Laar+! a&a 3 (+a 4i%e +ta"a  0.dpr< 0.pas &an 0.dfm. 1 .dpr a&a%a 4i%e 9r#)e' )ang &i(+at (eri!i 9r#gra" 'e$i% +nt+'  •

Men&e4ini!i'an Unit )ang a&a &a%a" 4i%e 9r#)e'

•

Mengini!ia%i!a!i &ata

•

Me"(ang+n 4#r"

•

Men,a%an'an a9%i'a!i

!ses orms1 Unit% in 2Unit%.pas3 4orm%56 begin Application.,nitiali+e6 Application.Createorm78form%1 orm%96 Application.:!n6 end.


Hal 2$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer  .pas a&a%a +nit0+nit pascal code #ile< )ang "er+9a'an '#&e 9r#gra" )ang 'ita t+%i!'an +nt+' "enge'!e'+!i e;en. Unit '#&e 9r#gra" 9a!$a% ini (i!a ter&iri !at+ ata+ (an)a' 4i%e 3 .dfm a&a%a 4i%e &e4ini!i F#r"  special pseudo code #ile< (i!a ter&iri !at+ ata+ (an)a' 4i%e

ob#ect orm%; 8form% Left < &== 8op < %=> ?idth < @@ Height < *>= Caption < 2orm%3 ont.Charset < DEAUL8CHA:(E8 ont.Color < cl?indo$8et ont.Height < )%% ont.Name < 2-( (ans (erif3 ont.(tyle <   PielsPer,nch < @ 8etHeight < %' ob#ect B!tton%; 8b!tton Left < %F@ 8op < %%@ ?idth < FG Height < &G Caption < 2B!tton%3 8ab"rder < = end end


Hal 21


Catatan

$etiap Form .d#m harus memili)i sebuah -nit .pas, tetapi )ita dapat memili)i -nit tanpa sebuah Form hanya )ode sa!a. i)a in"in melihat )ode tersebut )ita dapat men")li) )anan mouse, lalu pilih VIEW AS TEX T atau te)an tombol

Alt-F12. $ebai)nya )ita tida) men"ubah isi code tersebut, )arena a)an menyebab)an masalah serius. Tun""u saat )ita sudah memahami ma)sud )ode tersebut. -ntu) )emba li )e bentu) #orm, pilih VIEW AS FOR M atau te)an tombol Alt- F12 )embali.

Unt+' "en)i"9an 9r#gra" &a%a" Laar+! &a9at &i%a'+'an &engan "e"i%i !+("en+ (a/e Pro#ect ata+ (a/e Pro#ect As 9a&a "en+ Fi%e< &an Laar+! a'an "enan)a'an na"a 4i%e !#+r$e $#&e +nt+' +nit .9a! &an na"a 4i%e 9r#)e'n)a .&9r. Beri na"a 4i%e 4#r" &enga n lat%.pas &an 9r#,e$t latihan%.lpi Se!+&a &i!i"9an< ,a%an'an 9r#gra " &engan "ene'an t#"(#% F- ata+ 9i%i "en+ %un * %un.

E. -enempatkan omponen pada orm

Karena

Laar+!

"er+9a'an

(aa!a

9e"r#gra"an

;i!+a%<

"a'a

'#"9#nen0'#"9#nen a'an na"9a' 9a&a %a)ar. 'ita tingga% "ene"9at'an '#"9#nen )ang &iingin'an 9a&a 4#r". A&a e"9at $ara "ene"9at'an '#"9#nen 9a&a 4#r". Mi!a% 'ita "e"i%i '#"9#nen utton 9a&a Component! "alette (agian Stan#ar# "a$e. 'ita &a9at "e"i%i !a%a !at+ %ang'a (eri'+t •

K%i' 9a&a '#"9enen ter!e(+t< 9in&a'an '+r!#r 'e 4#r"< !a"(i% "ene'an t#"(#% 'iri "#+!e &rag '#"9#nen &an ge!er 9a&a 4#r" ata+

•

Pi%i '#"9#nen '%i' '#"9#nen )ang &iingin'an 9a&a Component!

"alette 'e"+&ian '%i' 9a&a 4#r" &i"ana '#"9#nen it+ a'an &i%eta''an. •

K%i' gan&a 9a&a '#"9#nen )ang &iingin'an< "a'a '#"9#nen ter!e(+t a'an &ita"(a'an 9a&a 4#r"


Hal 22

Modul Pemrograman Komputer •

'ita &a9at "engg+ na'an Copy &an Paste (i%a ingin "e"(+at '#"9#nen )ang !a"a )ang !+&a a&a 9a&a 4#r". Caran)a Si4t0K%i' 'iri 9a&a '#"9#nen )ang a&a &i 4#r"< %a%+ 9i%i "en+ Copy Ctr%0C 'e"+&ian 9i%i "en+ Paste Ctr%0=.

Ga"(ar 6. K#"9#nen @ang a&a &i Laar+!

. -engat!r 8ataletak omponen

Pa&a 4#r" ini an)a a&a !at+ (+tt#n< "+ng'in a&a &i (agian tenga 4#r". 'ita &a9at "engat+r %eta' '#"9#nen ter!e(+t &engan "engge!ern)a. Bi%a 'ita ingin "era9i'an 9i%i "en+ Iie$ J Anchor Editor < "a'a "+n$+% !e(+a T##%(# An$#r &engan i'#n 9era9ian


Hal 23


Ga"(ar *. K#ntr#% +nt+' O(,e'

Dengan t##%(# ini 'ita &a9at "era9i'an (e(era9a '#"9#nen !e'a%ig+!< $aran)a (+at 4#'+! (e(era9a '#"9#nen< %a%+ '%i' i$#n 9a&a t##%(# )ang &iingin'an. Unt+' "engeta+i arti i$#n ter!e(+t gera'an "#+!e 9a&a t#"(#% ter!e(+t< %a%+ a'an "+n$+% 9en,e%a!an !ing'at 'eg+naan i$#n ter!e(+t ata+ %iat He%9 te'an F1. 'ita (i!a "e"9e%a,arin)a !en&iri. C+'+9 "+&a. Lang'a )ang 9enting a&a%a "eng+(a na"a &an 'eterangan '#"9enen (+tt#n ter!e(+t. I'+ti (agian ini

K. -eng!bah Nilai Properti

U(a ni%ai 9r#9erti Caption "en,a&i /ata)an 0ello &an ni%ai 9r#9erti Name "en,a&i btn0ello. Lang'a ini "iri9 &engan "eng+(a na"a &an 'eterangan !e(+a 4#r". Setia9 '#"9#nen !e(ai'n)a &i(eri na"a )ang "e"i%i'i arti &an &iaa%i #%e ,eni! '#"9#nenn)a. Mi!a% na"a &ari 4#r" He%%# a&a%a 4r"He%%# ata+

na"a

&ari

(+tt#n

He%%#

a&a%a

(tnHe%%#.

T+,+ann)a

a&a%a

"enge%#"9#''an '#"9#nen0'#"9#nen !e,eni!< 'arena 9a&a O(,e$t In!9e$t#r na"a '#"9#nen &i+r+t' an (er&a!ar'an a%9a(et. Pr#9erti name a&a%a 9r#9erti interna% &an &ig+na'an +nt+' "e"(eri na"a 9a&a !e(+a '#"9#nen:#(,e'. Na"a ini a&a%a !e(+a ;aria(e% )ang "enga$+ 9a&a '#"9#nen ter!e(+t. Be(era9a at+ran 9ena"aan '#"9#nen ata+ ;aria(e% ata+ i&enti4er !e(agai (eri'+t •

Diaa%i a%9a(et< (eri'+tn)a (#%e ang'a< gari! (aa.

•

Ti&a' "e"a'ai !9a!i ata+ tan&a0tan&a (a$a ata+ #9erat#r 'e$+a%i gari! (aa


Hal 24


B#%e +r+4 'a9ita% ata+ 'e$i%< ti&a' a&a 9er(e&aan

•

Ti&a' "engg+na'an 'ata '+n$i reserve (ord )ang &ig+na'an Laar+!

•

Bia!a'an na"a '#"9#nen &iaa%i 'e%#"9#' '#"9#nenn)a< "i!a% (tnHe%%#< 4r"He%%#< rgrKe%a!.

Beri'+t $#nt# 9ena"aan )ang 'e%ir+ "engg+na'an !9a!i

Ga"(ar 8. C#nt# Pena"aan '#"9#nen )ang !a%a "engg+na'an !9a!i

Ga"(ar -. C#nt# Pena"aan '#"9#nen )ang (enar "engg+na'an gari! (aa

Kita &a9at "e"(+at na"a #(,e' )ang ter%iat 9a&a F#r" &engan "engg+na'an Caption &a%a" ob!ect inspector. Da%a" $a9ti#n ti&a' a&a at+ran &a%a" "engi!i

te'! !e9erti &a%a" na"e. Seingga +nt+' b!ttonhello )ang ta&i 'ita (+at Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 25

Modul Pemrograman Komputer "i!a%n)a 'ita (i!a "engi!in)a &engan T#"(#% He%%# "engg+na'an !9a!i &an +nt+' orm% &a9at 'ita i!i! &engan Pr#gra" He%%#. Ha!i%n)a a'an ter%iat &i &a%a" F#r".

Ga"(ar 1/. Me"(+at $a9ti#n +nt+' F#r" &an (+tt#n

H. -emb!at -ethodProced!re le$at E/ent

Saat 'ita "ene'an t#"(#% 9a&a !e(+a 4#r" ata+ '#"9#nen< in&#! "e"(erita+'an (aa a9%i'a!i "engiri" 9e!an )ang &i(ang'it'an #%e e;ent tertent+ . Laar+! a'an "enangga9i &engan "eneri"a e;ent ata+ 9anggi%an ter!e(+t. Ha% ini )ang &ina"a'an 9enanganan e;ent  event1handler method. Laar+! "en&e4ini!i'an !e,+"%a e;ent 9a&a !etia9 '#"9#nenn)a. Da4tar e;ent ini (e(e&a +nt+' !etia9 '#"9#nen. E;ent )ang 9a%ing +"+" 9a&a '#"9#nen B+tt#n a&a%a OnC%i$'. Artin)a ,i'a '#"9#nen B+tt#n ter!e(+t &i K%i' "a'a a'an "e%a'+'an 9r#$e&+re a9a. A&a (e(era9a te'ni' )ang &a9at &i%a'+'an +nt+' "enangani e;ent "i!a% OnC%i$' 9a&a '#"9#nen (+tt#n  •

K%i' gan&a 9a&a (+tt#n ter!e(+t< "a'a !e(+a "et#&:9r#$e&+re (tnHe%%#C%i$'

•

Pi%i (+tt#n< 'e"+&ian 9i%i O(,e$t In!9e$t#r! $#"(# (#  called the Ob!ect $elector< 9i%i Ta( E;ent!< &an '%i' gan&a 9a&a area 9+ti &i!e(e%a 'anan e;ent OnC%i$'


Hal 2


Pi%i (+tt#n< 9i%i Ta( E;ent!< &an "a!+''an na"a "et#& )ang &i'een&a'i< "i!a% (+tt#nQHe%%#C%i$' 9a&a area 9+ti &i !e(e%a 'anan e;ent OnC%i$'

Ga"(ar 11. K#&e !+"(er +nt+' (+tt#nQHe%%#C%i$'

Bi%a 'ita ingin "enga9+! 9r#$e&+re ata+ 9enanganan e;ent ter!e(+t< 'ita &a9at "enga9+! 9a&a e&it#r Unit ter!e(+t. Ha9+! (%#' 9r#$e&+re ter!e(+t &an a9+! 9a&a (agian &e4ini!i 9r#$e&+re )ang a&a &iata!n)a. Se'arang 'ita "engi!i 9r#$e&+re ter!e(+t &engan 9erinta +nt+' "ena"9i%'an 9e!an !e(agai (eri'+t 

proced!re TF#r"1.B+tt#nQHe%%#C%i$'Sen&er TO(,e$t begin

Me!!ageD%g 

A!!a%a"+ a%ai'+"< "tIn4#r"ati#n< "(OK< /

end

Perinta -essageDlg ini !angat !e&erana< )ait+ +nt+' "ena"9i%'an 9e!an. F+ng!i -essageDlg ini "e"9+n)ai e"9at 9ara"eter. Unt+' rin$in)a 'ita &a9at Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 2!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer "e%iat Bant+an F1. •

Para"eter 9erta"a

 'a%i"at )ang a'an &i"+n$+%'an 9e!ann)a

•

Para"eter 'e&+a

 ti9e "e!!age (# !e9erti "tarning< "tErr#r<

"tIn4#r"ati#n< ata+ "tC#n4ir"ati#n. C#(a %iat 9er(e&aann)a. •

Para"eter 'etiga

 '+"9+%an t#"(#% )ang a'an &ig+na'an !e9erti

"(@e!< "(N#< "(OK< "(Can$e%< ata+ "(He%9. •

Para"eter 'ee"9at

 +nt+' e%9 $#ntet ata+ n#"#r a%a"an 9a&a He%9<

(eri ang'a n#% ,i'a 'ita ti&a' "e"9+n)ai 4i%e e%9.

,. o-pilasi dan alankan Program

Te'an t#"(#% R+n t#"(#% !egitiga (erarna i,a+ &i !e(e%a 'iri ata! ata+ 9i%i "en+ %un * %un ata+ Te'an , Laar+! a'an "en,a%an'an 9erinta (eri'+t ini 1. K#"9i%a!i Pa!$a% !#+r$e $#&e 4i%e )an g "en&e4ini!i'an 4#r"04#r" )ang a&a .9a!< .&4" . K#"9i%a!i 9r#,e$t 4i%e .&9r 3. B+at ee$+ta(%e .E?E 4i%e . Men,a%an'an ee$+ta(%e 4i%e< (ia!an )a 9a&a "#&e 9en$ arian 'e!a%aan &e(+g "#&e. Sete%a 9r#gra" ee$+ta(%e ,a%a" "a'a a'an "+n$+% ,en&e%a !e9erti (eri'+t ini

Ga"(ar 1. Pr#gra" He%%# !ete%a &i,a%an'an


Hal 2"


&an a9a(i%a 'ita '%i' 8ombol Hello a'an "+n$+% ,en&e%a !e9erti (eri'+t

Ga"(ar 13. C#nt# a!i% 9r#gra" !e&erana

. Ur!tan Perintah

C#"9i%er Laar+! a'an "e"9r#!e! !e"+a 9erinta09erinta &a%a" '#&e !+"(er !e$ara (er+r+tan. Mi!a%n)a 'ita "e"i%i'i 3 (ari! 9erinta "a'a C#"9i%er a'an "e"r#!e! "+%ai &ari (ari!01< (ari!0 &an 'e"+&ian (ari!03. C#nt# 9r#gra" +nt+' "ena"9i%'an 9e!an !e(an)a' 3 'a%i !e9erti (eri'+t 

Me!!ageD%g A!!a%a"+ a%ai'+"< "tIn4#r"ati#n< "(@e!< / Me!!ageD%g Se%a"at Pagi< "tC#n4ir"ati#n< "(OK< / Me!!ageD%g Pagi )ang $era< "tarning< "(Can$e%< / $%#!e

Ma'a 9a&a #+t9+tn)a a'an &ita"9i%'an 9e!an 9erta"a A!!a%a"+ a%ai'+" &engan %#g# in4#r"a!i &an t#"(#% @ e!< a9a(i%a &i '%i' t#"(#% @e! "+n$+% 9e!an 'e&+a Se%a"at Pagi &engan %#g# '#n4ir"a!i &an t#"(#% OK &an a9a(i%a &i '%i' t#"(#% OK "a'a a'an "+n$+% 9e!an Pagi )ang $era &engan %#g# arning &an t#"(#% Can$e%. A9a(i%a &i '%i' Can$e% 9r#gra" a'an tert+t+9.

Latihan %

Beri'+t %atian 'e01 +nt+' tiga (+a a9%i'a!i )ait+ "e"(+at t#"(#% He%%#< !aat &i'%i' t#"(#%n)a< t#"(#% a'an (era'!i &engan "e"+n$+%'an 9e!an. I'+ti %ang'an)a !e(agai (eri'+t 


Hal 2#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 1. B+at 4#r" 4r"He%%#1 !e9erti )ang !+&a &i,e%a!'an. •

K#"9#nen )ang &i(+t+'an 4#r" &engan na"a frmHello% &an (+tt#n &engan na"a btnHello%. U(a 9r#9erti name0n)a

•

U(a

9r#9erti

caption

"a!ing0"a!ing

'#"9#nen

"en,a&i

-emb!at program Hello% &an atakan Hello •

B+at "et#& &ari '#"9#nen (tnHe%%#1 %eat e;ent OnClic), !e9erti (eri'+t

proced!re T4r"He%%#1.(tnHe%%#1C%i$'Sen&er

T#(,e$t begin

Me!!ageD%g VA!!a%a"+ a%ai'+"< "tIn4#r"ati#n< "(OK< / end •

7a%an'an 9r#gra" %iat a!i%n)a

•

C#(a ganti 9ara"eter 'e01< 'e0 &an 'e03

•

Si"9an &engan na"a +ni t u0ello2.pas &an 9r#,e$t p0ello2.dpr 9a&a &ire't#ri DWM#&+% Data(a!eW

. B+at a9%i'a!i (ar+ Fi%e0Ne0A99%i$ati#n &eng an 4#r" (ar+ 4r"He%%# "iri9 4#r" 4r"He%%#1 &engan ta"(aan !e(agai (eri'+t. A9a )ang ter,a&i 9r#9erti $a9ti#n &ari '#"9#nen t#"(#% &iganti !aat 9r#gra" (er,a%an •

K#"9#nen )ang &i(+t+'an 4#r" &engan na"a frmHello& &an (+tt#n &engan na"a btnHello&. U(a 9r#9erti name0n)a

proced!re 8frmHello&.btnHello&Click 7(ender; 8ob#ect96 begin -essageDlg 72Assalam! alaik!m31 mt,nformation1 mb"1 =96 end6

. -en! dan Perintah pada La+ar!s

A&a e"9at $ara +nt+' "e"(eri 9erinta 9a&a %ing'+ngan Laar+! Laar+! Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 3$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer en;ir#n"ent %. G+na'an "en+ &. G+na'an S#rt C+t "i!a% F-< F1 &!( '. G+na'an S9ee&Bar ata+ t##%(ar. *. G+na'an S9ee&Men+  %#'a% "en+ )ang &ia'ti4'an &engan t#"(#% "#+!e

'anan. Beri'+t "en+ +ta"a )ang a&a 9a&a Laar+! +nt+' "e"9e%a,arin)a g+na'an He%9 Laar+!

•

-en! ile. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan 4i%e !e9erti "e"(+at<

"en)i"9an &an "enga'iri !e(+a 9e'er,aan.

•

-en! Edit .Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan 9en)+ntingan a9a )ang

&i'er,a'an !e9erti Un&# < Re&#< C+t< C#9)< Pa!te ata+ &a9at &engan t#"(#% Ctr%J2< Ctr%J?< Ctr%JC< Ctr%J=.

•

-en! (earch. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan 9en$arian &an 9enggantian

&ata.

•

-en! Iie$. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan 9ena"9i%an ata+ a9a )ang

a'an &ita"9i%'an.

•

-en! Pro#ect. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan 9r#)e' )ang !e&ang &i(+at<

"i!a% +nit )ang a'an &ita"(a'an 'e 9r#)e' ini< +nit a9a )ang a'an &ia9+!< &!(.

•

-en! :!n. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan "en,a%an'an 9r#gra"< "en$ari

'e!a%aan &e(+g< &!(.

•

-en! Component. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan '#"9#nen< "i!a%

"ena"(a '#"9#nen (ar+<

•

-en! Database. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan Data(a!e< Data(a!e F#r" iar& &an Data(a!e

•

-en! 8ools. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan 9engat+ran:'#n4ig+ra!i<

t##%0t##% 9e"(ant+ Laar+!.

•

-en! Help. Men+ ini (er+(+ngan &engan in4#r"a!i "engenai Laar+!<

He%9 : (ant+an Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 31


L. Component% "roperty% Met&o#% E'ent

K#&e )ang a'an &i%iat 9a&a Laar+!< !er+9a &engan !tr+'t+r Baa!a Pa!$a%. Laar+! a&a%a (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an (er(a!i! #(,e'  Component< artin)a 9en&e'atan 9e"(+atan 9r#gra" "e%a%+i #(,e'0#(,e' )ang a&a "i!a%n)a #(,e' 4#r"< tet< (+tt#n &an !e(agin) a. Setia9 #(,e' a'an "e"i%i'i properti atri(+t &an method )ang &ia'ti4'an:&i9i$+ #%e e/ent. Mari 'ita %iat 9en,e%a!an (eri'+t.

%. "b#ek 7C"-P"NEN89

Se(+a '#"9#nen "er+9a'an !e(+a #(,e'

◦ Se(+a O(,e'< a&a%a !e(+a '#"9#nen &a%a" Component Palette<

◦ Ata+ !e!+at+ )ang &i(+at "e%a%+i '#&e0'#&e : (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an 7a&i !e$ara +"+" !e(+a #(,e' a&a%a 'e%a! &ari '+"9+%an !e!+at+. K#"9#nen 9a!ti #(,e'< na"+n #(,e' ti&a' !e%a%+ "er+9a'an '#"9#n en< "i!a% T!tringLi!t a&a%a !e(+a #(,e' '+"9+%an 'ara'ter< &an (+'an !e(+a '#"9#nen.

&. P:"PE:8M 7Atrib!t9

Se(+a Pr#9ert) ti&a' %ain a&a%a !e(+a na"a:;aria(e% "i%i' !e(+a #(,e':'#"9#nen "i!a% Ca9ti#n< Tet )ang &a9at &i+(a ni%ai (ai' "e%a%+i #(,e$t In!9e$t#r ata+ "e%a%+i 9r#gra". Be(era9a i!ti%a: na"a (eri'+t )ang "iri9< &an !ering &ig+na'an

•

Proced!re a&a%a '+"9+%an 9erinta )ang "e%a'+'an !+at+ 9r#!e!

tertent+

•

!nction a&a%a !a"a &engan 9r#$e&+re< teta9i 9r#!e! ter!e(+t &a9at

"enge"(a%i'an !+at+ a!i% : ni%ai "i!a% a!i%n)a  1

•

-ethod a&a%a 9r#$e&+re ata+ 4+n$ti#n )ang terga(+ng 9a&a !e(+a

'#"9#nen


Hal 32


•

(!bro!tine

a&a%a

i!ti%a

+"+"

&ari

!e"+an)a

9r#$e&+re:4+n$ti#n:"et#& "i!a% 9a&a (aa!a Ba!i$.

'. -E8H"D 7-etode9

Se(+a "et#& a&a%a !e(+a 4+ng!i  #unction )ang terga(+ng &a%a" !e(+a #(,e'. C#nt# Li!tB# &a9at (erarti !e(+a arra) #4 !tring! )ang "e"i%i'i Met#& C%ear )ang "e"(+at Li!t(# ter!e(+t "en,a&i '#!#ng. CLEAR a&a%a !e(+a Met#& 9a&a Li!tB# ter!e(+t.

Begin ListBo%.Clear6  -engosongkan isi ListBo ListBo%.,tems.Loadromile72c;Data%.tt396 properti ,tems 7bertipe string9 memiliki method !nt!k Loadromile end6

*. EIEN8 7Aksi9

Se(+a E;ent a&a%a !e(+a a'!i 9engg+na U!er A$ti#n "i!a% M#+!e C%i$'< Ke)Pre!!e&. Setia9 E;ent! &iaa%i &engan 'ata VOn. C#nt#  Nama e/ent

Nama method

OnC%i$' ..

B+tt#n1C%i$'Sen&er  T#(,e$t

OnKe)D#n ..

B+tt#n1Ke)D#nSen&er  T#(,e$t

OnM#+!eM#;e ..

B+tt#n1M#+!eM#;eSen&er  T#(,e$t

OnCreate

TF#r"1.F#r"CreateSen&er  T#(,e$t

Dan %ain !e(again)a


Hal 33

Modul Pemrograman Komputer -. Cara La+ar!s Beker#a

Saat 'ita "ena"(a'an C#"9#nent! 9a&a F#r"1 &an "er+(a ni%ai 9r#9erti< Laar+!

a'an

"e"(+at

'#&e

 pseudo

code

&a%a"

Unit1.&4"

+nt+'

"en&e4ini!i'an a9a )ang 'ita %a'+'an. Unt+' 9e"(+atan 9r#gra" !tan&ar< 'ita TIDAK DIHARAPKAN MENGUBAH Fi%e Unit1.&4". Dengan &e"i'ian &a9at &i'ata'an (aa 'ita an)a (e'er,a 9a&a orm% &an "e%a'+'an 9er+(aan !e$ara =i!+a% (+'an %ang!+ng &ari '#&e !+"(ern)a. Ha% Ini a'an "e"+&a'an 'ita &engan ti&a' 9er%+ "enga4a% !e$ara %eng'a9 '#&e0'#&e !+"(er &ari !etia9 #(,e' teta9i $+'+9 &engan "enga4a%'an na"a0na"a #(,e' &an 4+ng!i04+ng!i &ari 9r#9erti< e;ent &an "et#&n)a. M#&e% (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an !e9erti ini%a )ang &ina"a'an (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an =i!+a% Visual Pro"rammin"

La+ar!s ,DE •

Laar+! IDE a&a%a !e(+a =i!+a% Inter4a$e antara U!er &engan K#"9+ter 'ita )ang (er,a%an &iata! !i!te" #9era!i )ang &i,a%an'an.

•

Laar+! "enter,e"a'an =i!+a% C#"9#nent! B+tt#n!< Pane%!<.. )ang a&a 9a&a F#r" 'e&a%a" !e(+a '#&e0'#&e '#"9+ter 9!e+&# $#&e &a%a" Unit1.&4" )ang "en&e4ini!i'an (agai"ana &i(ent+'n)a 4#r" &an '#"9#nenn)a ter"a!+' ,+ga 9r#9ertin)a.

-engkompilasi program 7Compiler9 •

Laar+! a'an "e"anggi% 4i%e .&9r 4i%e 4i%e 9r#)e' 'ita

•

Laar+! "e"inta 9r#gra" )ang a&a &a%a" 9r#)e' ter!e(+t &an 4i%e &9r "e"(eri'an !e(agai (eri'+t  !ses orms1 Unit% in 2Unit%.pas3 4orm%56

•

Laar+! "e"inta< A9a )ang &i%a'+'an 9erta"a 'a%i .&9r 4i%e "e"(eri'an !e(agai (eri'+t 


Hal 34

Modul Pemrograman Komputer begin Application.,nitiali+e6 itiali+es st!ff Application.Createorm78form%1 orm%96 Application.:!n6 end.

N. Beberapa "b#ek dan -ethod

•

orm

Se$ara &e4a+%t !e(+a pro!ect Laar+! an)a "e"(eri'an !e(+a F#r". Teta9i &a%a" "e"(+at 9r#gra" 'ita &a9at (e'er,a &engan "ena"(a'an (e(era9a 4#r" 9a&a !e(+a pro!ect. Be(era9a e;ent )ang (i!a &ig+na'an !aat (era&a 9a&a !e(+a F#r" "i!a%n)a F#r"1 a&a%a

◦ Form2.S&o() +nt+' "e"(+'a  $ho(s F#r" teta9i +!er &ii,in'an +nt+' &a9at "eng'%i' F#r"1

◦ Form2.S&o(Mo#al) Unt+' "e"(+'a $ho(s F#r" teta9i +!er ti&a' &ii,in'an +nt+' "eng'%i' F#r"1

•

-enampilkan Pesan 7-essage9

•

S&o(Me!!a$e7O,ni kotak pesanO96 Ta"9i%an !e&erana !e(+a (ari!:te'!. Pe!an &it+%i!'an &i&a%a" '+r+ng &engan "engg+na'an tan&a 9eti'  .... . Unt+' 'e%+ar &ari '#ta' 9e!an messa"e (indo( +!er &a9at "ene'an t#"(#% OK .

•

Me!!a$e*l$7O,si kotak pesanO18-sgDlg8ype1msgDlgBtn1=96 Miri9 (ho$-essage ta9i &a9at %e(i &ari !at+ t#"(#% 9i%ian.

,f -essageDlg7OPlease say ME( or N"O1 mtConfirmation1 mbMes1mbNo1=9

Hal 35

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 8-sgDlg8ype



"tarning<

"tErr#r<

"tIn4#r"ati#n<

"tC#n4ir"ati#n< "tC+!t#" msgDlgBtn  "(@e!< "(N#< "(OK< "(Can$e%< "(A(#rt<

"(Retr)< "(Ign#re< "(A%%< "(He%9 :et!rn /al!es  "rN#ne< "r@e!< "rN#< "rO'< "rCan$e%<

"rA(#rt< "rRetr)< "rIgn#re< "rA%%

•

,np!t Bo 7otak inp!t9

Inputo+7O !d!l ,np!t O 1 O Apa yang akan di inp!t O 1 Onilai defa!ltO9 /ar ,np!t(tring; string6 begin ,np!t(tring;< ,np!tBo7O-as!kkan NamaO1 OPlease Enter yo!r NameO1OO96 end6

". (oal)soal %. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "eng+(a $a9ti#n &ari F#r" "engg+na'an

in9+t(#. &. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" &engan e"9at (+a t#"(#% )ang "ana

"a!ing0"a!ing t#"(#% "e"9+n)ai 9erinta !e(agai (eri'+t a T#"(#% 1 (erna"a Ca9ti#n "e"erinta'an +nt+' "eng+(a $a9ti#n T#"(#%  "en,a&i In4#r"a!i< T#"(#% 3 "en,a&i Peringatan &an T#"(#%  "en,a&i K#n4ir"a!i ( T#"(#%  (erna"a T#"(#%  "e"erinta'an +nt+' "ena"9i%'an '#ta' &ia%#g &engan %#g# In4#r"ati#n &an (+tt#n @e! $ T#"(#% 3 (erna"a T#"(#% 3 "e"erinta'an +nt+' "ena "9i%'an '#ta' &ia%#g &engan %#g# arning &an (+tt#n OK & T#"(#%  (erna"a T#"(#%  "e"erinta'an +nt+' "ena"9i%'an '#ta' &ia%#g &engan %#g# C#n4ir"ati#n &an (+tt#n Can$e% Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 3


MODUL 2 OBJEK PASCAL DALAM LAZARUS

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai #(,e' Pa!$a% )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" !#4tare Laar+! "e%i9+ti ;aria(e%< '#n!tanta< #9erat#r "ate"ti'a &an #9erat#r !tring. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! tiga (agian )ait+ 9a&a (agian 9erta"a O(,e' Pa!$a% )ang ter&iri &ari ti9e0ti9e ;aria(e% &an '#n!tanta< '#n;er!i ;aria(e%< &an "e"(+at '#"entar 9r#gra". Pa&a (agian 'e&+a &i,e%a!'an "engenai #9erat#r &a!ar "ate"ati'a< #9erat#r a'ar &an 9ang'at< #9erat#r e'!9#nen &an %#garit"a< a!i% 9e"(agian &an !i!a a!i% (agi< 4+ng!i trig#n#"etri< 9e"(+%atan (i%angan< 9ena"(aan &an 9eng+rangan (i%angan integer &engan !at+. Pa&a (agian 'etiga &i,e%a!'an "engenai #9erat#r0#9erat#r !tring )ang "e%i9+ti #9erat#r #r& &an $ar< 9an,ang !tring< "engga(+ng'an !tring< #9erat#r +nt+' "en)a%in !tring< &an "en$ari %eta' !tring.


Hal 3!


Bagian 1 VARIABEL DAN KONSTANTA

A. Iariabel

Data )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an a'an &i!i"9an &i&a%a" "e"#ri '#"9+ter. Data ter!e(+t (ia!an)a &i!i"9an &a%a" !+at+ ;aria(e% ata+ '#n!tanta. Se(+a ;aria(e% &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ar+! "e"i%i'i ti9e &ata )ang !9e!i4i' !eingga ar+! &i&e4ini!i'an &i aa% 9r#gra" &a%a" (agian &e'%ara!i. Se$ara +"+" ti9e &ata &i'e%#"9#''an "en,a&i 3 (agian (e!ar )ait+ %. 8eks  )ait+ (er+9a !e'+"9+%an +r+4 ata+ ang'a (i!a (er+9a 'ata ata+

'a%i"at. Ti9e Te'! ini ter&iri ata! a.Car an)a ter&iri &ari 1 +r+4:ang'a (.String ter&iri &ari (e(era9a +r+4 &an ang'a &. Bilangan  )ait+ (er+9a (i%angan )ang ter&iri ata!

a.Integer (i%angan (+%at  (.Rea% (i%angan 9e$aan '. Boolean  Mer+9a'an ti9e ;aria(e% %#gi'a. Ni%ai &ari ;aria(e% &ari (erti9e

(##%ean a&a%a 8r!e ata+ alse.

Le(i '+!+! &i &a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! ti9e0ti9e &ata ter!e(+t "e"9+n)ai (e(era9a ;arian< )ang &i(e&a'an #%e rentang &atan)a. Unt+' 9en,e%a!ann)a a'an &i+rai'an 9a&a (agian !e%an,+tn)a

B. on/ersi 8ipe Data

Da%a" Laar+! #(,e'0#(,e' ;i!+a% )ang &i!erta'an )ang &a9at &ig+na'an +nt+' in9+t "a+9+n #+t9+t &ata< !e9erti inp!tbo< edit< listbo &an stringgrid< !e"+an)a (erti9e String. O%e 'arena it+ a9a(i%a 'ita ingin "engg+na'an !+at+ ;aria(e% (erti9e integer ata+ rea% "a'a ar+! &i'#n;er!i &a+%+ "engg+na'an Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 3"

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 9erinta '#n;er!i. Perinta '#n;er!i &a9at &i%a'+'an &i&a%a" 9r#gra" )ang a'an &i,a%an'an< "i!a%n)a &i&a%a" (+tt#n.

8abel % on/ersi Data Dari

e

Perintah

String

Integer

!trt#intob!e)Qstrin"

String

Rea%

!trt#4%#atob!e)Qstrin"

Integer

String

intt#!trob!e)Qinte"er

Rea%

String

4%#att#!trob!e)3real

C#nt# %. Mi!a%'an 'ita a'an "engin9+t !e(+a ;aria(e%  )ang (erti9e integer &ari inp!tbo "a'a 9erintan)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

  !trt#intin9+t(#In9+t Data< In9+t'an <

&. Mi!a%'an 'ita a'an "engin9+t'an !e(+a ;aria(e% ) )ang (erti9e rea% &ari

#(,e' edit% "a'a 9erintan)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

)  !trt#4%#ate&it1.tet

'. Se(a%i'n)a "i!a%'an 'ita a'an "ena"9i%'an ;aria(e%  )ang (erti9e

integer 'e &a%a" %a(e%1< "a'a 9erintan)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

%a(e%1.$a9ti#nintt#!tr


Hal 3#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer C. ,nteger

Integer "er+9a'an ti9e &ata (i%angan (+%at (ai' 9#!iti4 "a+9+n negati4 &a%a" rentang 03*68 ingga 3*6*. Artin)a a9a(i%a 'ita "e"9+n)ai !e(+a ;aria(e% &engan ti9e integer 'e"+&ian &i(eri'an (i%angan &i%+ar rentang ter!e(+t "a'a ;aria(e% ter!e(+t ti&a' a'an "eneri"an)a ata+ a9a(i%a "eneri"a 9+n a'an "enga!i%'an !+at+ ni%ai )ang !a%a. Da%a" ti9e &ata ini !e"+a #9era!i "ate"ati'a (er%a'+ &an &a9at &i g+na'an 9a&a ti9e rea%. Ta(e% (eri'+t "er+9a'an ;arian &ari ti9e &ata integer &engan rentang (ata! (aa &an (ata! ata! !erta +'+ran &a%a" !at+an (it. 8abel & Iarian 8ipe Data ,nteger

8,PE

BatasBa$ah

BatasAtas

8anda

Uk!ran

S#rtint

18

1* P#!iti4:Negati4

80(it

S"a%%int

3*68

3*6* P#!iti4:Negati4

160(it

L#ngint

1*8368

1*836* P#!iti4:Negati4

30(it

Int6

63

631 P#!iti4:Negati4

60(it

B)te

/

55

P#!iti4

80(it

#r&

/

65535

P#!iti4

160(it

L#ng#r&

/

--6*-5

P#!iti4

30(it

Latihan %

Unt+' %e(i "e"aa"i ti9e &ata integer 'ita a'an $#(a "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" proye) +nt+' "engit+ng L+a! &an Ke%i%ing Per!egi Pan,ang< r+"+! )ang &ig+na'an a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

L!as ;< P 0 L eliling ;< & 07 P  L9


Hal 4$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Beri'+t &e!ain 4#r" &i Laar+! 

Te"9at'an '#"9#nen0'#"9#nen (eri'+t 9a&a 4#r" 'e"+&ian +(a ni%ai 9r#9ertie!0n)a

8abel ' Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Pan,ang

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Le(ar

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

L+a!

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Ke%i%ing

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

E&it B+tt#n1

Tet Ca9ti#n

Hit+ng

Sete%a '#"9#nen &i!et 9r#9ertie!n)a !e9erti 9a&a Ta( e%  K%i' D+a Ka%i 9a&a '#"9#nen B+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 41


A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &i,a%an'an &engan "e"i%i "en+

r!n ata+ "ene'an  a'an

ta"9a' a!i% !e(agai (eri'+t

D. :eal

Rea% "er+9a'an (i%angan 9e$aan. Ti9e (i%angan ini (ia!an)a &a9at "eng+'+r !e!+at+ &engan (i%angan )ang !angat 'e$i% ingga (i%angan )ang !angat (e!ar (ai' 9#!iti4 "a+9+n negati4. Rentang +nt+' ti9e rea% a&a%a .-  1/ 03- ingga 1.* 


Hal 42

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 1/38 +nt+' (i%angan 9#!iti4 &an negati4. Tent+n)a ti9e rea% ini &a9at "e"en+i !e"+a #9era!i "ate"ati'a &an &a9at &iga(+ng'an &engan ti9e integer. Ta(e% (eri'+t "er+9a'an ;arian &ari ti9e rea% &engan rentang (ata! (aa &an (ata! ata!. 8abel * Iarian 8ipe Data :eal 8,PE

BatasBa$ah

BatasAtas

8anda

Rea%

1/ .

03-

1.*  1/38 P#!iti4:Negati4

Sing%e

1.5 1/ 

05

3.  1/38 P#!iti4:Negati4

D#+(%e

5./ 1/ 

03

1.*  1/3/8 P#!iti4:Negati4

3.1/

0-3

1.1  1/-3 P#!iti4:Negati4

63J1

631 P#!iti4:Negati4

-33*/3685**.58/8

-33*/3685**.58/* P#!iti4:Negati4

Eten&e& C#"9 C+rren$)

Da%a" Pa!$a% "et#&e 9erit+ngan ti9e rea% a&a &+a ,eni! )ait+ &engan "eng+na'an so#t(are &an co1processor. Perit+ngan "engg+na'an co1processor a'an %e(i $e9at.

Latihan &

Kita a'an (er%ati &engan ti9e &ata rea% &engan "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra"  pro!e) +nt+' "engit+ng L+a! &an 'e%i%ing Ling'aran. R+"+! )ang &ig+na'an a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

L!as ;< pi0 :0: eliling ;< &0pi0:

&engan 9i3.1 a&a%a !e(+a '#n!tant a &a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+!. De!ain F#r" a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 43


Te"9at'an '#"9#nen0'#"9#nen (eri'+t 9a&a 4#r" 'e"+&ian +(a ni%ai 9r#9ertie!0n)a

8abel G Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

F#r"

Ca9ti#n

L+a!&anKe%i%ingLing'aran

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Mengit+ng L+a! &an Ke%i%ing Ling'aran

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

7ari0,ari

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

L+a!

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Ke%i%ing

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Hit+ngXX

Sete%a '#"9#nen &i!et 9r#9ertie!n)a !e9erti 9a&a Ta( e% 5 K%i' D+a Ka%i 9a&a '#"9#nen B+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 44


A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &i,a%an'an &engan "e"i%i "en+

r!n ata+ "ene'an  a'an

ta"9a' a!i% !e(agai (eri'+t

Kita &a9at "engat+r 9r#9erti )ang %ain agar ta"9i%ann)a "en,a&i %e(i "enari'< "i!a%n)a "eng+(a (ent+' &an arna 4#nt !e9erti 9a&a $#nt# &iata!.

E. (tring

String a&a%a ti9e )ang na) ter&iri &ari '+"9+%an +r+4< a9a(i%a &i(eri'an !e(+a ang'a "a'a 9a&a ti9e ini ang'a ter!e (+t a'an &i9er%a%+'an !e(agai '+"9+%an


Hal 45

Modul Pemrograman Komputer +r+4. Pa&a ti9e String 'ita ti&a' (i!a "e%a'+'an #9era!i "ate"ati'a. Pan,ang &ari ti9e String ini &a9at &i&e4ini!i'an &engan "ena"(a'an tan&a '+r+ng !i'+  !ete%a 'ata !tring 9a&a (agian &e'%ara !i. I!i &ari '+r+ng !i'+ ter!e(+t ar+! (er+9a (i%angan (+%at 9#!iti4. 8abel @ Iarian 8ipe Data (tring 8ipe

Pan#ang

Car

1 $ara$ter

S#rtString

55 $ara$ter!

An!iString

Y31 $ara$ter!

i&eString

Y3/ $ara$ter!

Se$ara '+!+! ti9e Car ti&a' &a9at &iga(+ng'an &engan ti9e !tring %ainn)a< !e&ang'an ti9e !tring !e%ain $ar &a9at &iga(+ng'an &engan ti9e !tring %ainn)a.

Latihan '

Kita a'an "e"(+at !+at+ 9r#gra" +nt+' "enan)a'an N#"#r Pe%anggan< Na"a Pe%anggan< !erta A%a"at Pe%anggan. Da%a" a% ini !e"+a ;aria(e% (erti9e !tring 'arena ti&a' a'an &i%a'+'an #9era!i "ate"ati'a tera&a9 ;aria(e%n)a.

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! &ari !etia9 #(,e' &engan "engi'+ti 9et+n,+' 9a&a Ta(e% *< tent+n)a (i!a &ita"(a'an &engan "engat+r 9r#9erti %ain agar ta"9i%ann)a %e(i "enari'.


Hal 4


8abel F Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

F#r"

Ca9ti#n

Pe%anggan

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

DataPe%anggan

La(e% La(e%3

Ca9ti#n Ca9ti#n

N#"#r Na"a

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

A%a"at

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Ta"9i%'an

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t

7a%an'an 9r#gra" &engan "e"i%i "en+ r+n ata+ "ene'an F-


Hal 4!


A9a(i%a 'ita "ene'an t#"(#% ta"9i%'an a'an "+n$+% ,en&e%a &ia%#g !e(agai (eri'+t

. omentar Program

K#"entar a&a%a (agian 9r#gra" )ang ti&a' a'an &i(a$a &ie'!e'+!i. T+,+an &ari '#"entar a&a%a "e"(eri 'eterangan 9a&a 9r#gra" ata+ (agian &ari 9r#gra" !eingga a9a(i%a a&a (agian 9r#gra" )ang err#r &a9at !egera &i'eta+i (agian )ang "ana.

Se$ara +"+" a&a &+a $ara +nt+' "e"(+at '#"entar 9r#gra" %. A9a(i%a '#"entar )ang &ig+na'an an)a !at+ (ari! "a'a &ig+na'an tan&a

:: &i &e9an '#"entarn)a &. A9a(i%a '#e"entar )ang &ig+na'an %e(i &ari !at+ (ari! "a'a '#"entar

ter!e(+t &iaa%i &engan Z &an &ia'iri &engan [.

C#nt# Pa&a 9r#gra" !e(e%+"n)a "engenai "engit+ng %+a! &an 'e%i%ing %ing'aran a'an &ita"(a'an 'eterangan "engg+na'an 'e&+a $ara &iata!. Pa&a aa% 9r#gra" &ita"(a'an '#"entar "engenai 9r#gra" )ang &i(+at )ait+ 'a%i"at (eri'+t Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 4"


ZPa&a 9r#gra" ini a'an &i ,e%a!'an $ara "engit+ng L+a! &an 'e%i%ing Ling'aran &engan In9+t  ,ari0,ari %ing'aran O+t9+t  L+a! &an Ke%i%ing %ing'aran[

Pa&a '#"entar ter!e(+t ter&iri &ari %e(i &ari !at+ (ari! !eingga "engg+na'an tan&a Z ... [. Pa&a !etia9 (agian 9r#gra" &ita"(a'an 'a%i"at 9en&e' (eri!i 'eterangan "engenai (agian 9r#gra" )ait+ ::in9+t &ata ,ari,ari ::"engit+ng %+a! &an 'e%i%ing %ing'aran ::"ena"9i%'an a!i%

Pa&a 'etiga '#"entar ter!e(+t an)a ter&iri &ari !at+ (ari! !eingga "engg+na'an tan&a ::. Perati'an a!i%n)a 9a&a ga"(ar &i(aa ini


Hal 4#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer K. onstanta

K#n!tanta a&a%a !+at+ arga )ang ni%ain)a teta9 ata+ ta' &a9at (er+(a. K#n!tanta %e(i (an)a' &ig+na'an &a%a" 9erit+ngan Ki"ia< Fi!i'a &an Mate"ati'a. Mi!a%n)a '#n!tanta 9i< (i%angan a;#ga&r#< 'e$e9atan $aa)a< 'e$e9atan !+ara &an %ain0%ain. Be(era9a '#n!tanta te%a &i!erta'an &i&a%a" (aa!a Pa!$a% Laar+! !eingga ti&a' 9er%+ &i&e'%ara!i'an %agi< "i!a%n)a '#n!tanta  pi  \  )ang (erni%ai 3.115- !e9erti )ang te%a &ig+na'an 9a&a Latian "engenai "engit+ng L+a! &an Ke%i%ing Ling'aran.

Latihan *

Pa&a %atian 'a%i ini a'an &i(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng energi (er&a!ar'an r+"+! ein!tein. B+at%a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t 8abel > Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Ma!!a

La(e% B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n Ca9ti#n

Energi Hit+ng

Ke"+&ian K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini


Hal 5$


7a%an'an &engan "ene'an t#"(#% r+nning ata+ te'an F- !eingga a'an "+n$+% 9r#gra" (eri'+t ini

H. (oal)soal %. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng =#%+"e &an L+a! 9er"+'aan

Ba%#' &engan r+"+! !e(agai (eri'+t =#%+"e  P  L  T L+a! Per"+'aan    P  L J   P  T J   L  T &engan P  Pan,ang< L  Le(ar &an T Tinggi Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 51

Modul Pemrograman Komputer &. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng =#%+"e &an L+a! 9er"+'aan

B#%a &engan r+"+! !e(agai (eri'+t =#%+"e  :3  9i  R  R  R L+a! Per"+'aan    9i  R  R &engan R  ,ari0,ari


Hal 52


Bagian 2 OPERASI MATEMATIKA

A. "perator Dasar -atematika

Se$ara +"+" #9erat#r0#9erat#r &a!ar &a%a" "ate"ati'a )ait+ 9en,+"%aan J< 9eng+rangan 0< 9er'a%ian  &an 9e"(agian : &a9at &ig+na'an &i &a%a" Laar+!. Be(era9a a% )ang 9er%+ &i9erati'an &a%a" "e%a'+'an #9era!i "ate"ati'a &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Laar+! a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t %. Tan&a !a"a &engan )ang &ig+na'an a&a%a ;< &. =aria(e% )ang "ena"9+ng a!i% #9era!i "ate"ati'a ar+! (era&a

&i!e(e%a 'iri ;< '. O9era!i "ate"ati'a ar+! "engi'+ti ting'atan #9era!i "ate"ati'a &an

&i%eta''an &i !e(e%a 'anan tan&a  ;< *. Pa&a !etia9 9er!a"aan #9era!i "ate"ati'a an)a (#%e a&a !at+ tan&a  ;< G. Setia9 'a%i"at ar+! &ia'iri &engan tan&a titi' '#"a O6O

Ting'atan0ting'atan &a%a" #9era!i "ate"ati'a a&a%a +r+tan #9era!i "ana )ang &i%a'!ana'an ter%e(i &a+%+. Ting'atan0ting'atan ini !e$ara +"+" (er%a'+ &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Pa!$a% Laar+!. A&a9+n at+ran &a%a" ting'atan0ting'atan #9era!i "ate"ati'a ter!e(+t a&a%a %. O9era!i &i%a'!ana'an &ari 'iri 'e 'anan &. Ting'atan 9erta"a a&a%a !e"+a #9era!i )ang (era&a &a%a" tan&a '+r+ng

 ...  '. Ting'atan 'e&+a a&a%a #9era!i 9ang'at &an a'ar *. Ting'atan 'etiga a&a%a #9era!i 9er'a%ian &an 9e"(agian G. Ting'atan 'ee"9at a&a%a #9era!i 9en,+"%aan &an 9er'a%ian


Hal 53

Modul Pemrograman Komputer B. !ngsi (Q: dan (Q:8

T+r(# Pa!$a% Laar+! "en)e&ia'an !+at+ 4+ng!i +nt+' "engit+ng '+a&rat )ait+ (Q: &an a'ar '+a& rat )ai t+ (Q:8. F+ng!i (Q: &a9at &ig+na'an #%e ;aria(e% ata+ '#n!tanta )ang (erti9e rea% ata+ integer (ai' 9#!iti4 "a+9+n negati4< &engan ti9e a!i%n)a !e!+ai &engan ti9e arg+"en. Se"entara 4+ng!i (Q:8 &a9at &ig+na'an ;aria(e% ata+ '#n!tanta )ang (erti9e rea% ata+ integer )ang an)a (erni%ai 9#!iti4< &an a!i%n)a ar+! (erti9e rea%. C#nt#  a  !r5 (  !rt16

a'an "enga!i%'an a  5 a'an "enga!i%'an (  

$  !r0*

a'an "enga!i%'an $  -

&  !rt06

a'an "enga!i%'an err#r 'arena ni%ai )ang &ia'ar'an negati4

Latihan %

Kita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "en$ari !i!i "iring $ &ari r+"+! P)tag#ra!  a] J (]  $]. Unt+' it+ a'an &ig+na'an 4+ng !i S>R &an S>R T. B+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertin)a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 54


8abel % Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Si!iBaaa

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Si!iTega'(

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Si!iMiring$

E&it1

Tet

E&it1

Tet

E&it1

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Hit+ng

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar

a1b1c ; real6

begin inp!t data a;
Sete%a &i e'!e'+!i &engan "ene'an t#"(#% r+n ata+ F- "a'a a!i%n)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 55


C. !ngsi ESP dan LN

E'!9#nen )ang "er+9a'an 9er9ang'atan &engan (i%angan &a!ar e &i&a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! &it+%i!'an !e(agai ESP. Se&ang'an L#garit"a nat+ra% )ait+ %#garit"a &engan (i%angan &a!ar e &i &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an Pa!$a% Laar+! &it+%i!'an !e(agai LN. C#nt#  a  E9  (  Ln 3/

F+ng!i ESP &an LN a'an "enga!i%'an (i%angan rii% !eingga ;aria(e% a!i% a &an ( &a%a" $#nt# &iata ! ar+! (erti9e rea%. Unt+' 4+ng!i LN< (i%angan )ang (era&a &a%a" tan&a '+r+ng ar+! %e(i (e!ar &ari /.

Latihan &

Unt+' (er%ati 9engg+naan 4+ng!i E?P &an LN 'ita 'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng  )< &engan  &an ) &iin9+t'an. Perati'an 9er!a"aan "ate"ati'a (eri'+t ini 4

y

= e %n( 5 )

y

 e) %n    Mengg+na'an 9er!a"aan ter!e(+t "a'a 'ita &a9at "e"(+at 9r#gra"n)a &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 5


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertin)a !e(agai (eri'+t 8abel & Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

?

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

@

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

?Pang'at@ 

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Hit+ng

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar

1y1 Pangkaty ; real6

begin inp!t data ;

Hal 5!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer perhit!ngan Pangkaty;
Sete%a &ie'!e'+!i a'an 'e%+ar a!i% !e(agai (eri'+t

D. !ngsi 8rigonometri

Da%a" t+r(# 9a!$a%< 4+ng!i trig#n#"etri )ang &i!e&ia'an an)a  SIN< COS &an ARCTAN. Arg+"en SIN &an COS ter!e(+t &a%a" !at+an ra&ian )ang "enga!i%'an !+at+ (i%angan rea%< !e&ang'an arg+"en ARCTAN a&a%a !e(+a (i%angan rea% )ang "enga!i%'an !+&+t &a%a" !at+an ra&ian.

Latihan '

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !+at+ 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng !in+!< $#!in+! &an tangen &ari !+at+ !+&+t. A&a9+n 'etent+ann)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t Tan a  !in a  $#! a Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 5"


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t 8abel ' Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

S+&+t

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Sin+!

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

C#!in+!

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Tangen

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

E&it

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Hit+ng

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar 1 sin1 cos1 tan ; real6 begin inp!t s!d!t ;=0pi96 Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 5#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer cos;=0pi96 tan;

E. "perator -"D dan D,I

O9erat#r M#& &ig+na'an +nt+' "en&a9at'an !i!a &ari a!i% 9e"(agian &an #9erat#r Di; +nt+' "e"9er#%e a!i% (+%at 9e"(agian.

Latihan *

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng a!i% (agi &an !i!a a!i% (agi. B+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti (eri'+t ini


Hal $


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t 8abel * Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Pen)e(+t

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Pe"(i%ang

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

Ha!i%Bagi

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Si!a

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

E&it

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Pe"(agian

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar 1 y1 hasil1 sisa ; integer6 begin inp!t s!d!t ;
Hal 1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer perhit!ngan hasil;< di/ y6 sisa;< mod y6 o!tp!t edit'.tet;

. !ngsi, 8:UNC dan :AC

F+ng!i TRUNC &i9a'ai +nt+' "enga!i%'an (i%angan (+%at &engan $ara "e"(+ang (agian &e!i"a% !+at+ (i%angan rea%. Se&ang'an 4+ng!i FRAC +nt+' "enga"(i% (agian &e!i"a%n)a.

Latihan G

Unt+' %e(i "e"aa"i 4+ng!i Tr+n$ &an Fra$ (+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 2


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t 8abel G Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Bi%angan

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

DiDe9anK#"a

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

De!i"a%

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3 B+tt#n1

Tet Ca9ti#n

Pe"i!aan

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar 1desimal ; real6 depan ; integer6 begin inp!t bilangan pecahan ;

Hal 3

Modul Pemrograman Komputer o!tp!t edit&.tet;

K. !ngsi :"UND

F+ng!i ROUND "e"(+%at'an !e(+a (i%angan rea% 'e (i%angan (+%at )ang ter&e'at. F+ng!i ROUND (er%a'+ +nt+' at+ran 9e"(+%atan (i%angan !e(agai (eri'+t %. 7i'a ang'a &i (e%a'ang '#"a '+rang &ari 5 "a'a ang'a &i &e9an '#"a

teta9 &. 7i'a ang'a &i (e%a'ang '#"a %e(i &ari 5 "a'a ang'a &i &e9an '#"a

&ita"(a'an &engan !at+ '. 7i'a ang'a &i (e%a'ang '#"a !a"a &engan %i"a "a'a ang'a &i &e9an

'#"a

◦ teta9 a9a(i%a ang'a ter!e(+t gena9 ◦ &ita"(a'an &engan !at+ a9a(i%a ang'a ter!e(+t gan,i%


Hal 4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Latihan @

Unt+' %e(i "e"aa"i 4+ng!i r#+n& 'ita a'an "e"(+at !+at+ 9r#gra" !e&erana &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t 8abel G Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Bi%angan

La(e% E&it1

Ca9ti#n Tet

Ha!i%Pe"(+%atan

E&it

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Pe"(+%atan

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar  ; real6 b!lat ; integer6 begin inp!t bilangan pecahan ;
Hal 5

Modul Pemrograman Komputer o!tp!t edit&.tet;

H. Penambahan dan Peng!rangan dengan sat!

Se(+a 9r#gra" (ia!an)a &ite"+'an !+at+ 9ern)ataan 9ena"(aan ata+ 9eng+rangan (i%angan integer &engan !at+ !e$ara (er+%ang0+%ang. Pr#!e! !e9erti ini a9a(i%a &ig+na'an #9era!i "ate"ati'a !e9erti (eri'+t ini

aaJ1 ((01

a'an "e"a'an "e"#ri )ang $+'+9 (e!ar !eingga 9r#gra" a'an (er,a%an %a"(at. Unt+' "engata!i a% ter!e(+t Pa!$a% Laar+! "en)e&ia'an !+at+ 4+ng!i +nt+' "ena"(a'an ata+ "eng+rang'an (i%angan &engan !at+ )ait+ #9erat#r In$ &an De$.

in$a

(erarti ;aria(e% a &ita"(a'an &engan !at+

&e$(

(erarti ;aria(e% ( &i'+rang'an &engan !at+

Pengg+naan #9erat#r ini nantin)a a'an (an)a' &i%a'+'an &a%a" (agian 9eng+%angan loopin".


Hal 

Modul Pemrograman Komputer ,. (oal)soal %. S+at+ 9er+!aaan "engga,i 'ar)aann)a tergant+ng &ari Ga,i P#'#'<

T+n,angan< !erta U9a %e"(+r. T+n,angan &i(eri'an !e(e!ar /^ &ari ga,i 9#'#'< %e"(+r 9er,a" 1.5^ &ari ga,i 9#'#'. B+at 9r#gra" ga,i )ang &iteri"a 'ar)aan 9er+!aaan ter!e(+t.

O+t9+t )ang &iara9a'an  NAMA



NIP



GA7IPOKOK



7ML7AMLEMBUR



UPAHLEMBUR



TUN7ANGAN

 

GA7I @ANG DITERIMA

 R9 

Petun!u) 6 7una)an )omponen memo untu) menampil)an output.

&. B+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "en$ari ;#%+"e ta(+ng &an %+a! !e%i"+t ta(+ng<

&engan ,ari0,ari &an tinggi &iin9+t'an. R+"+! +nt+' ta(+ng  L+a! !e%i"+t ta(+ng

 'e%i%ing a%a!tinggi

=#%+"eta(+ng

 % +a! a%a!tinggi

'. 7ari0,ari (+"i !e'itar 63*/ '". B+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ;#%+"e<

%+a! !erta 'e%i%ing (+"i< (i%a Ke%i%ing

\r

=#%+"e

\r_

L+a!

:3r_

Petun!u) 6 7una)an #un"si $8%


Hal !

Modul Pemrograman Komputer *. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "enent+'an +'+ran !a"9e% +nt+' "ena'!ir

&engan in9+t a&a%a 9r#9#r!i 9< (#+n& #4 err#r B &an N. R+"+! +'+ran !a"9e% a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t n=

n/ n /− 1 &engan 1+ 9

(

n /=

 √ ( p ( 1− p )) B

)



Petun!u)6 u)uran sampel n selalu dibulat)an )eatas.


Hal "


Bagian 3 OPERASI KARAKTER DAN STRING

Se$ara +"+" 'ara'ter &an !tring 'e&+an)a "er+9a'an ti9e )ang "e"+at +r+4 9er(e&aann)a a&a%a ti9e 'ara'ter $ar an)a "e"+at !at+ +r+4 !a,a !e&ang'an ti9e !tring (i!a "e"+at ingga 55 'ara'ter. Dengan &e"i'ian 'ita &a9at "en&e4ini!i'an 'ara'ter "e%a%+i ti9e !tring &engan $ara "enga"(i% !e(+a +r+4 'ara'ter &ari !tring ter!e(+t. Tan&a '+r+ng !i'+  ...  &ia'ir ;aria(e% !tring "er+9a'an $ara "enga"(i% !e(+a 'ara'ter &ari ;aria(e% !tring &engan "engi!i ang'a &i &a%a" '+r+ng !i'+ ter!e(+t. Mi!a%'an 'ita "e"9+n)ai ;aria(e% !tring na"a )ang (eri!i %aar+!< a9a(i%a 'ita a'an "enga"(i% +r+4  9a&a ;ari(e% na"a "a'a 'ita t+%i!'an +r+4na"a3 !eingga ;arie(e% +r+4 (erni%ai .

A. !ngsi ":D dan CH:

Se"+a +r+4 &i&a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! &a9at &i'#&e'an &engan !+at+ (i%angan< (i%angan it+ &i!e(+t (i%angan ASCII. Setia9 +r+4:'ara'ter "e"9+n)ai (i%angan ASCII )ang (er(e&a0(e&a ter"a!+' +r+4 (e!ar &an +r+4 'e$i%< "i!a%n)a (i%angan ASCII +nt+' +r+4 a (er(e&a &engan (i%angan ASCII +nt+' +r+4 A. F+ng!i ORD a'an "enga!i%'an '#&e !+at+ 'ara'ter 9a&a ta(e% ASCII. Se(a%i'n)a 4+ng!i CHR a'an "enga!i%'an 'ara'ter ASCII &ari !+at+ (i%angan.

Latihan %

Kita a'an "e"(+at !+at+ 9r#gra" +nt+' "ena"9i%'an '#&e ASCII &ari !+at+ 'ara'ter &an "ena"9i%'an !+at+ 'ara'ter &ari !e(+a (i%angan ASCII. B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal #


At+r 9r#9ertin)a !e9erti 9a&a ta(e% (eri'+t ini 8abel % Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Kara'ter

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Bi%angan

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

E&it

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

ORD

B+tt#n

Ca9ti#n

CHR

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar h!r!f ; string6 kar ;char6 hasil;byte6 begin h!r!f;

Hal !$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer end6

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton&Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar angka ;byte6 hasil ; string6 begin angka;

B. !ngsi UPCA(E

F+ng!i UPCASE a'an "enga!i%'an +r+4 (e!ar &ari !+at+ a(,a&. F+ng!i ini an)a a'an "e"9+n)ai arti a9a(i%a &atan)a +r+4 'e$i%. C#nt# !pcase7Ola+ar!sO9 a'an "e"(eri'an a!i% LA2ARUS !pcase7OLATar!sO9 a'an "e"(eri'an a!i% LA2ARUS !pcase7Ola+a:U(O9 a'an "e"(eri'an a!i% LA2ARUS !pcase7OLATA:U(O9 a'an "e"(eri'an a!i% LA2ARUS


Hal !1


C. !ngsi LENK8H

Pan,ang !e(+a !tring &a9at &i&e4ini!'an &i&a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! "engg+na'an 4+ng!i LENGTH. F+ng!i LENGTH &ig+na'an +nt+' "engit+ng (an)a'n)a 'ara'ter )ang a&a 9a&a !e(+a !tring< 'ara'ter )ang &iit+ng ter"a!+' tan&a (a$a ang'a &an !9a!i. Ha!i% &ari 4+ng!i LENGTH (erti9e integer.

C#nt# length7Oband!ngO9 akan menghasilkan nilai F length7Oota Band!ngO9 akan menghasilkan nilai %& kata%;
D. !ngsi C"PM

Men&+9%i'at !+at+ 'ata ata+ 'a%i"at &a%a" !+at+ !tring 'a&ang &i(+t+'an ter+ta"a &a%a" "e"(+at !+at+ &#'+"en. Baa!a Pa!$a% "en)e&ia'an 4+ng!i COP@ +nt+' "enangani a% ter!e(+t. F+ng!i COP@ a&a%a 4+ng!i )ang "enga"(i% !e(agian !tring &ari !+at+ !tring. C#nt# kata%;
Nilai dari hasil adalah OpemrogramanO. arena angka F men!n#!kkan karakter pertama yang akan dicopy dan angka %% men!n#!kkan banyak karakter yang dicopy setelah karakter ke F.


Hal !2

Modul Pemrograman Komputer E1 !ngsi P"(

Da%a" 9en+%i!an &#'+"e n a&a'a%an)a 'ita ingin "ene"+'an 9#!i!i !e(+a 'ata &ari !+at+ &#'+"en. Baa!a Pa!$a% Laar+! "en)e&ia'an !e(+a 4+ng!i +nt+' "enangani a% ter!e(+t )ait+ 4+ng!i POS. F+ng!i POS a&a%a 4+ng!i +nt+' "enent+'an %eta' !e(+a !tring 9a&a !tring )ang %ain. Bi%a !tring )ang &i%a$a' ti&a' &i'ete"+'an< "a'a ni%ain)a a&a%a / n#%. C#nt# kata%;
Nilai dari hasil adalah * karena kata OasaO berada di posisi karakter ke *.

. !ngsi C"NCA8

Unt+' "engga(+ng'an (e(era9a !tring &i &a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! &a9at "engg+na'an 4+ng!i CONCAT. C#nt# kata%;
Nilai dari hasil adalah O,DE La+ar!sO

K. Prosed!r ":-A8

Se(+a ;aria(e% rea% )ang &ita"9i%'an 9a&a !+at+ #+t9+t (er+9a tet ata+ %a(e% "engan&+ng (an)a' ang'a &i(e%a'ang '#"a !e!+ai &engan (an)a'n)a a!i% 9erit+ngan. Ter'a&ang 'ita ti&a' "e"(+t+'an ang'a ter%a%+ (an)a'< "i!a%n)a


Hal !3

Modul Pemrograman Komputer !a,a 'ita an)a ingin "ena"9i%'an  ang'a &i(e%a'ang '#"a. Unt+' it+ &a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! &ig+na'an 9r#!e&+r FORMAT.

Latihan &

Da%a" %tian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "ena"9i%'an (i%angan rea% &engan an)a &+a ang'a &i(e%a'ang '#"a. B+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

'e"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertin)a !e9erti 9a&a ta(e% &i(aa ini 8abel & Properties Beserta Ial!e dari omponen omponen

Properties

Ial!e

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Bi%angan

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

FORMAT

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar hasil ; real6 begin hasil;
Hal !4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer end6


H. (oal)soal %. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "e"+tar 'a%i"at Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an

Laar+! "en,a&i Laar+! Baa!a Pe"r#gra"a n "engg+na'an #9era!i !tring. &. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "ene"+'an !e(+a 'ata )ang &iin9+t'an

&ari 'a%i"at (eri'+t Sa)a !e&ang (e%a,ar Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+!. Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+! (er(a!i!'an 9a&a 4ree Pa!$a% )ang (er%i!en!i grati!. '. Sa%in 'a%i"at Baa! a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+! 9a&a !#a% n#"#r  &an

!i"9an a!i%n)a &i !e(+a ;aria(e%< 'e"+&ian +(a "en,a&i +r+4 (e!ar.


Hal !5


MODUL 3 STRUKTUR KONDISI

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai Str+'t+r '#n&i!i &ari !+at+ 9r#gra" )ang ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ !tr+'t+r '#n&i!i I4..Ten &an !tr+'t+r '#n&i!i Ca!e..#4. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ !tr+'t+r '#n&i!i I4..ten )ang "e%i9+ ti '#n&i!i i4..ten< i4..ten.. e%!e< '#n&i!i %e(i &ari !at+< 9ern)ataan &a%a" '#n&i!i &an i4 (erting'at ata+ i4 "a,e"+'. Pa&a (agian 'e&+a a'an &i,e%a!'an "engenai !tr+'t+r '#n&i!i +nt+' %eni &ari &+a 9i%ian "engg+na'an Ca!e..#4 )ang "e%i9+ti '#n&i!i &a%a" i"9+nan< '#n&i!i &a%a" rentang &an !tr+'t+r ga(+ngan.


Hal !


Bagian 1 KONDISI IF..THEN

A. Pengertian ondisi

Se(+a '#n&i!i a&a%a !+at+ 'ea&aan &i"ana 'ita &ia&a9'an 9a&a !+at+ 9i%ian. Unt+' "en)ata'an '#n&i!i (ia!an)a ter&a9at &+a (e!aran )ang &i(an&ing'an. Unt+' "e"(an&ing'an &+a (e!aran &i(+t+'an !+at+ #9erat#r re%a!i. O9erat#r re%a!i a&a%a #9erat#r )ang &i9a'ai +nt+' "e"(an&ing'an &+a (+a e'!9re!i arit"ati'. O9erat#r re%a!i )ang &ig+na'an &i &a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! &a9at &i%iat 9a&a ta(e% (eri'+t ini 8abel % "PE:A8": :ELA(, "peratorrelasi

Artinya

X

%e(i (e!ar

`

%e(i 'e$i%

X

Le(i(e!ar!a"a&engan

`

Le(i'e$i%!a"a&engan

`X

Ti&a'!a"a&engan

B. (tr!kt!r ,f...8hen dan ,f...8hen....Else

Str+'t+r

IF...THEN

&an

IF...THE...ELSE

&ig+na'an

+nt+'

"en)ata'an

9er$a(angan (er!)arat. Per(e&aan &ari IF...THEN &engan IF...THEN...ELSE a&a%a &i&a%a" IF...THEN ti&a' &i(+at 9ern)ataan a9a(i%a !)arat ti&a' &i9en+i !e&ang'an &a%a" IF...THEN...ELSE &i(+at 9ern)ataan a9a(i%a !)arat ti&a' &i9en+i. Seingga &a%a" IF...THEN (i%a !)aratn)a &i9en+i "a'a 9ern)ataan !ete%a THEN a'an &i%a'!ana'an< ,i'a ti&a' &i9en+i ti&a' a&a 9er+(aan a9a9+n !e&ang'an &a%a" IF...THEN...ELSE (i%a !)aratn)a &i9en+i "a'a 9ern)ataan


Hal !!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer !ete%a THEN a'an &i%a'!ana'an< ,i'a ti&a' &i9en+i "a'a 9ern)ataan !ete%a ELSE a'an &i%a'!ana'an.

Bent+' +"+" &ari !tr+'t+r IF...THEN  &F : e)spresi lo"i)a ; T0'9 : pernyataan ;<

Bent+' +"+" &ari !tr+'t+r IF...THEN...ELSE  &F : e)spresi lo"i)a ; T0'9 : pernyataan ; 'L$' : pernyataan ;<

E'!9re!i %#gi'a a&a%a !+at+ 9ern)ataan )ang an)a &a9at (erni%ai (enar ata+ !a%a TRUE #r FALSE .

Latihan %

Kita a'an "e"(+at !+at+ 9r#gra" 9er(e%an,aan !e(+a t#'#. Pr#gra" ini 9r#gra"

+nt+' "e"(eri'an 9#t#ngan &i!'#n !e(e!ar 1/^ +nt+' 9e%anggan

)ang (er(e%an,a 9a%ing !e&i'it &ari R9. 1/////. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal !"


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Ba)ar

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Harga

La(e% La(e%3

Ca9ti#n Ca9ti#n

Di!'#n TOTAL

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet

/

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar harga1 pot ; integer6 total ; real6 begin harga;
A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an "+n$+% ta"9i%an !e9erti (eri'+t


Hal !#


A9a(i%a 'ita "engg+na'an !tr+'t+r IF0THEN0ELSE "a'a '#&e 9r#gra"n)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar harga1 pot ; integer6 total ; real6 begin harga;
A9a(i%a &ie'!e'+!i a'an "enga!i%'an ni%ai )ang !a"a &engan !e(e%+"n)a

C. oidisi Lebih dari (at!

Da%a" !+at+ '#n&i!i ter'a&ang &i9er%+'an %e(i &ari !at+ e'!9re!i '#n&i!i. Unt+' it+ &i9er%+'an !+at+ #9erat#r +nt+' "eng+(+ng'an '#n&i!i )ang !at+ &engan %ainn)a. Di &a%a" Pa!$a% Laar+! #9erat#r (##%ean &ig+na'an +nt+' "eng+(+ng'an &+a (+a e'!9re!i %#gi'a.


Hal "$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer %. O9erat#r AND &ig+na'an +nt+' "eng+(+ng'an &+a (+a e'!9re!i %#gi'a

&an hanya a'an "enga!i%'an ni%ai (enar TRUE a9a(i%a 'e&+a e'!9re!i ter!e(+t (erni%ai (enar TRUE< teta9i a'an "enga!i%'an ni%ai !a%a FALSE a9a(i%a !a%a !at+ ata+ 'e&+a e'!9re!i (erni%ai !a%a FALSE. &. O9erat#r OR &ig+na'an +nt+' "eng+(+ng'an &+a (+a e'!9re!i %#gi'a

&an a'an "enga!i% 'an ni%ai (enar TRUE a9a(i%a !a%a !at+ ata+ 'e&+a e'!9re!i (erni%ai TRUE< teta9i hanya a'an (erni%ai !a%a FALSE a9a(i%a 'e&+a e'!9re!i (erni%ai !a%a FALSE . '. O9erat#r NOT ti&a' "eng+(+ng'an &+a (+a e'!9re!i %#gi'a. O9erat#r

NOT an)a "e"er%+'an !e(+a e'!9re!i %#gi'a. O9erat#r NOT &i9a'ai +nt+' "e"(a%i''an ni%ai e'!9re!i %#gi'a. O9erat#r NOT (erni%ai TRUE ,i'a e'!9re!i %#gi'a (erni%ai FALSE (egit+ 9+%a !e(a%i'n)a. *. O9erat#r IN (e'er,a 9a&a !e(+a i"9+nan. O9erat#r IN a'an "e"eri'!a

a9a'a !+at+ ni%ai "er+9a'an angg#ta &ari !+at+ i"9+nan. Ha!i%n)a TRUE (i%a ni%ai ter!e(+t "er+9a'an angg#ta i"9+nan.

Latihan &

Pa&a Latian (eri'+t 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" "engenai #9erat#r AND. B+at%a 4#r" !e9erti ga"(ar (eri'+t ini

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal "1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Ke%+%+!an

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Ni%ai

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Ha!i% 

E&it1

Tet

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar nilai ; real6 begin nilai;
A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an "+n$+% ta"9i%an !e9erti (eri'+t

Latihan '

Pa&a Latian (eri'+t 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" "engenai #9erat#r OR. B+at%a 4#r" !e9erti ga"(ar (eri'+t ini


Hal "2


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t  K#"9#nen

Pr#9ertie!

=a%+e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

K+%ia

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

R+ang Ke%a!

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

E&it1

Tet

/

Ke"+&ian K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t 9r#$e&+re TF#r"1.B+tt#n1C%i$'Sen&er TO(,e$t ;ar r+ang  integer (egin r+ang!trt#inte&it1.tet i4 r+ang #r r+ang3 ten %a(e%3.$a9ti#nK+%ia Pe"r#gra"an K#"9+ter e%!e %a(e%3.$a9ti#nK+%ia K#"9+ta!i Stati!ti'a en&

A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an "+n$+% ta"9i%an (eri'+t ini


Hal "3


Latihan *

Pa&a Latian (eri'+ t 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" "engena i #9erat#r IN. Pa&a 9r#gra" ini 9e%anggan teta9 "en&a9at'an 9#t#ngan arga. B+at%a 4#r" !e9erti ga"(ar (eri'+t ini

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t  omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Ba)ar

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Ban)a'

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Pe%angganTeta9

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

Ba)ar

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

E&it3

Tet


Hal "4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Ke"+&ian K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar tetap;integer6 banyak1bayar1pot;real6 begin banyak;

D. (tr!kt!r , Bertingkat

S+at+

!tr+'t+r

IF...THEN...ELSE

"e"+ng'in'an

a&an)a

!tr+'t+r

IF...THEN...ELSE &i&a%"n)a. Ha% ini &i%a'+'an a9a(i%a !e(+a '#n&i!i "e"er%+'an !+at+ 9ern)ataan '#n&i!i %ain )ang (era&a &i&a%a" 9ern)ataan. Se$ara +"+" (ai' (agian THEN "a+9+n (agian ELSE (i!a "e"9+n)ai !tr+'t+r Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal "5

Modul Pemrograman Komputer '#n&i!i %ain. Str+'t+r !e9erti ini &i!e(+t !e(agai !tr+'t+r IF MA7EMUK ata+ IF BERTINGKAT Unt+' %e(i ,e%a!n)a 9erati'an (agan (eri'+t 

&F:e)spresi lo"i)a; T0'9 Be"in :pernyataan; &F :e)spresi lo"i)a; T0'9:pernyataan;< 'L$':pernyataan;< 'nd< 'L$' Be"in :pernyataan; &F :e)spresi lo"i)a; T0'9 :pernyataan;< 'nd<

E. Blok (tatement

B%#' Sta"ent a&a%a 'e!at+an &ari (e(era9a 9ern)ataan. Bia!an)a B%#' State"ent &ig+na'an a9a(i%a a&a 9ern)ataan )ang %e(i &ari !at+ (ari!. Str+'t+r IF...THEN ata+ IF...THEN...ELSE "e"er%+'an (%#' ,i'a (agian 9ern)ataan !ete%a THEN ata+ (agian 9ern)ataan !ete%a ELSE a&a %e(i &ari !+at+ 9ern)ataan. Se(+a (%#' &i(ata!i #%e 'ata !i"9an be"in &an end. Pern)aan B%#' &a9at &i9erati'an 9a&a (agan &a%a" !tr+'t+r IF MA7EMUK &iata!.

Latihan G

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+ ' "eng+r+t'an n (+a &ata "engg+na'an IF Berting'at. B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal "

Modul Pemrograman Komputer (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t 

omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Ur+t

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Data A!a%

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Data Ter+r+t

Li!t(#1

Ca9ti#n

Li!t(#

Ca9ti#n

Ke"+&ian K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar %1&1'1y%1y&1y';real6 begin inp!t data listbo%.,tems.Add7inp!tbo7O,np!t DataO1 OS%

Hal "!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer if %W<' then if &W<' then begin y%;<%6y&;<&6y';<'6 end else begin y%;<%6y&;<'6y';<&6 end else begin y%;<'6y&;<%6y';<&6 end else if %V' then if &V' then begin y%;<'6y&;<&6y';<%6 end else begin y%;<&6y&;<'6y';<%6 end else begin y%;<&6y&;<%6y';<'6 end6 o!tp!t data Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal ""

Modul Pemrograman Komputer listbo&.,tems.Add7floattostr7y%996 listbo&.,tems.Add7floattostr7y&996 listbo&.,tems.Add7floattostr7y'996 end6



Hal "#


Bagian 2 KONDISI CASE..OF

A. (tr!kt!r Case..."f

Str+'t+r '#n&i!i ter'a&ang "e"(+t+'an 9i%ian %e(i &ari &+a !eingga 9engg+naan IF...THEN...ELSE a'an "ene"+i 'en&a%a. Pa!$a% Laar+! "en)e&ia'an !tr+'t+r CASE...OF )ang &a9at &ig+na'an +nt+' "e"i%i &engan 'e"+ng'inan %e(i &ari &+a. Se$ara +"+" (ent+' !tr+'t+r CASE...OF a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

Case W/ariableV of Wkonstanta %V ; WpernyataanV Wkonstanta &V ; WpernyataanV Wkonstanta 'V ; WpernyataanV . . Else WpernyataanV End6

Da%a" !tr+'t+r CASE...OF =aria(e% &an '#n!tanta )ang &a9at &ig+na'an an)a%a )ang "e"9+n)ai ti9e integer ata+ $ar.

Latihan G

Unt+' %e(i "e"aa"i !tr+'t+r CASE...OF 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ,+"%a 9e"(e% ian (a,+ &engan tiga +'+ran )ait+ S< M &an L. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal #$


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!0n)a !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Be%i

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

7+"%a

E&it1

Tet

/

Ra&i#Gr#+91

Ca9ti#n

U'+ranBa,+

Ite"!

S
Na"e

Ba,+

Me"#1

Line!

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton&Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 Iar banyak ; integer6 harga1 #!mlah ; real6 begin banyak;
Hal #1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer =;harga;< %%===6 %;harga;< %&G==6 &;harga;< %G===6 End6 !mlah ;
7OUang

yang

har!s

; Ointtostr7banyak996 dibayarkan

<

:p

Ofloattostr7#!mlah996 end6


B. Case..."f dengan Beberapa onstanta dan :entang onstanta

Se(+a CASE..OF &i9er(#%e'an "e"9+n)ai %e(i &ari !at+ '#n!tanta. Se%ain it+ '#n!tanta ter!e(+t ,+ga (i!a &iganti &engan rentang  ran"e tertent+. Rentang Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal #2

Modul Pemrograman Komputer &i&a%a" Pa!$a% &i&e4in i!i'an "engg+na'an tan&a ... Se%ain it+ '#n!tan ta )ang &ig+na'an (i!a "er+9a'an '#"(ina!i &ari &+a $ara ter!e(+t.

Contoh Case nomor of %..G1> ; harga ; %G===6 @..F1; harga ; &====6 %=..%&; harga ; &G===6 End.

Latihan @

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "e"eri'!a n#"#r !e9at+. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agi (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!0n)a !e(agai (eri'+t K#"9#nen B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Peri'!a

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

N#"#r Se9at+

E&it1

Tet

/

Me"#1

Line!

Properties


Ial!e

Hal #3

Modul Pemrograman Komputer K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t Proced!re 8orm%.B!tton'Click7(ender; 8"b#et96 /ar nomor;integer6 sepat!;string6 begin nomor;
Ke"+&ian a9a(i%a 9r#gra" &i e'!e'+!i "a'an a'an "+n$+% ta"9i%an (eri'+t


Hal #4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer C. (tr!kt!r Camp!ran

Setia9 !tr+'t+r '#n&i!i (ai' IF..THEN..ELSE "a+9+n Str+'t+r CASE..OF "e"9+n)ai 'e%e(ian &an 'e'+rangann)a "a!ing0"a!ing. Seingga !angat &i"+ng'in'an &a%a" "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engga(+ng'an 'e&+a !tr+'t+r ter!e(+t. Se(+a !tr+'t+r CASE...OF (#%e "e"9+n)ai !tr+'t+r CASE..OF %ain &i&a%a"n)a ata+ !tr+'t+r %ainn) a< "i!a%n)a IF0THEN0ELSE. Bent+' +"+"n)a &a9at &i%iat &a%a" (agan (eri'+t ini Case .. of .. ; begin X end6 ..; begin X case X of X;X end6 end6 .. ; if X then X else X end6

D. (oal)soal %. Se(+a !+9er"ar'et "e"(eri'an 9#t#ngan !e(e!ar 1.5^ +nt+' ,+"%a

9e"(e%ian &ari 'e%e(iann)a &ari R9 83///. 'itai'an (e!ar 9e"(e%ian a&a%a R9 1/////<"a'a )ang "en&a9at 9#t#ngan a&a%a )ang R9 1*///. B+at 9r#gra"n)a &. Se(+a Renta% CAR "e"9+n)ai 9erat+ran !e(agai (eri'+t< !at+ ,a"

9erta"a !ea "#(i% a&a%a R9 5///< ,a" (eri'+tn)a (ia)a !ea a&a%a R9

15///. A9a(i%a

'ita


"en)ea

"#(i%

!e%a"a

3

,a"<"a'a Hal #5

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 9erit+ngann)a a&a%a 1  5/// J    15///. B+at%a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng %a"a 9en)eaan &an (era9a (e!ar

!i 9e%anggan ar+!

"e"(a)ar  '. Se(+a

%e"(aga

'+r!+! '#"9+ter

"e"9+n)ai

3

'riteria

&a%a"

9e"+ng+tan (ia)a +,ian +,ian %#'a% &an +,ian negara:SKS tia9 'riteria a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 KRITERIA

U7IAN LOKAL

U7IAN NEGARA:SKS

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 Ta+n'e1

R915//

R96///

Ta+n'e

R915///

R9*5//

Ta+n'e3

R95//

R91////

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 U,ian negara &i(eri'an 'e9a&a "aa!i!a )ang te%a "ene"9+ ,+"%a !'! %e(i &ari1 SKS. B+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ,+"%a (ia)a )ang ar+! &i!e&ia'an #%e !e#rang "aa!ia. In9+t  Na"a "aa!i!a< Kriteria< &an ,+"%a SKS. O+t9+t  7+"%a +ang +,ian Petun!u)6 7una)an stru)tur CA$' den"an BLO/be"in = end.

*. Pene"+an in&e'! 9re!ta!i "aa!i!a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t 

Ni%ai X -/  A *5` ni%ai ` -/

B

65` ni%ai ` *5

C

6/` ni%ai ` 65

D

ni%ai ` 6/

E

B+at 9r#gra"n)a +nt+' "engeta +i in&e'! 9re!ta!i !+at+ "ata '+%ia. B+at &a%a" 3 $ara 9en)e%e!aian )ait+ a. "engg+na'an !tr+'t+r IF0THEN &engan #9erat#r AND &an IN


Hal #

Modul Pemrograman Komputer (. "engg+na'an !tr+'t+r IF0THEN0ELSE "a,e"+' $. "engg+na'an !tr+'t+r CASE

G. Di (e(era9a t#'# '#"9+ter "en,+a% ane'a &i!'et 9e"r#gra"an #rigina%<

&engan arga )ang (erane'a raga" 9+%a )ait+ 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Pr#gra"

T#'#QA

T#'#QB

T#'#QC

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 C%i99er

5////

35///

Pa!$a%

5///

18*///

1-*5//

F#rtran

315///

3/////

3/55//

A!!e"(%er

////

/////

65//

/5//

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

B+at 9r#gra"n)a +nt+' "engit+ng ,+"%a )ang ar+! &i(a)ar #%e !e#rang 9e"(e%i &i!'et. In9+t  7eni! &i!'et  10 < T#'# A:B:C < (an)a' )ang &i(e%i.

O+t9+t  7+"%a )ang ar+! &i(a)ar.

Petun!u)6 7una)an stru)tur CA$' di dalam CA$'.


Hal #!


MODUL  PENGULANGAN

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai ,eni!0,eni! 9eng+%angan &a%a" (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an "e%i9+ti 9eng+%angan F#r &an 9eng+%angan &engan '#n&i!i )ait+ i%e..&# &an re9eat..+nti%. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ (agian 9erta"a "engenai 9eng+%angan "engg+na'an 4#r..&#. Se&ang'an 9a&a (agian 'e&+a &i,e%a!'an "engenai 9eng+%angan &engan '#n&i!i )ait+ !tr+'t+r i%e..&# &an re9eat..+nti%. Str+'t+r 9eng+%angan ata+ L##9ing "er+9a'an !tr+'t+r )ang !angat 9enting &a%a" (a!a 9e"r#gra"an. Karena &engan "engg+na'an !tr+'t+r 9eng+%angan 'ita &a9at "enge"at (an)a' "e"#ri &a%a" 9enger,aan 9r#gra" 'ita. O%e 'arena it+ Laar+! "en)e&ia'an tiga ,eni! 9eng+%angan )ait+ or...Do< ?hile...Do &an :epeat...Until. Ketiga ,eni! 9eng+%angan ini &a9at &ig+na'an &a%a" '#n&i!i 9eng+%angan )ang (er(e&a0(e&a.


Hal #"


Bagian 1 PENGULANGAN FOR..DO A. Peng!langan ": .. D"

Str+'t+r Peng+%angan FOR...DO "er+9a'an 9eng+%angan &engan ,+"%a )ang &itent+'an. Peng+%angan ini (ergant+ng &ari !+at+ ;aria(e% )ang (erti9e integer. Da%a" 9eng+%angan FOR...DO ar+! &itent+'an ni%ai aa% &an ni%ai a'ir &ari 9r#!e! 9eng+%angann)a. Setia9 9eng+%angan FOR...DO ;aria(e% ter!e(+t a'an (erta"(a ata+ (er'+rang &engan !at+. Se$ara +"+" (ent+' 9eng+%angan FOR0DO a&a  )ait+

%. Peng+%angan &engan ;aria(e% (erta"(a &engan !at+ ": `;aria(%e 9eng#ntr#%X   `(ata! (aaX to `(ata! ata!X do

`9ern)ataanX &. Peng+%angan &engan ;aria(e% (er'+rang &engan !at+ ": `;aria(%e 9eng#ntr#%X   `(ata! (aaX do$nto `(ata! ata!X do

`9ern)ataanX

Contoh a;<=6 or i;<% to G do a;
akan menghasilkan nilai a < G

b;<%=6 or ;<%= do$nto @ do b;
akan menghasilkan nilai b < G

c;<= or #;<)G to G do c;

akan menghasilkan nilai c < =

Hal ##

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Latihan %

Kita a'an "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" !e&erana +nt+' %e(i "e"aa"i !tr+'t+r FOR..DO. Unt+' it+ (+at%a 4#r" !e9erti (eri'+t ini


Properties

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Me"#1

Line!

Ial!e

Peng+%angan

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i;integer6 begin for i;<% to @ do memo%.Lines.Add7OstatistikaO96 end


Hal 1$$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Ata+ T+%i!'an K#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i;integer6 begin for i;<> do$nto ' do memo%.Lines.Add7OstatistikaO96 end6

Sete%a &ie'!e'+!i a'an "enga!i%'an !e9erti (eri'+t ini

Ha!i% &ari 'e&+a '#&e ter!e(+t (erni%ai !a"a "e!'i9+n ni%ai aa% &an ni%ai a'ir )ang &iin9+t'an (er(e&a< 'arena &i&a%a" 9r#gra" FOR..DO &iata! )ang &i%iat a&a%a ,+"%a 9eng+%anggann)a.

Latihan & Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ni%ai

rata0rata !i!a &ari "ata '+%ia tertent+. In9+t  (an)a' !i!a< ni%ai0ni%ain)a. O+t9+t  Ni%ai rata0rata. Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "engg+na'an B%#' !tate"ent 9a&a !tr+'t+r F#r..D#. Unt+' it+ (+at%a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti (eri'+t ini


Hal 1$1



Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Li!tB#1

Ca9ti#n

Rata0rata 

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Data

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/

n

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar n1i;integer6 rata&;real6 begin inp!t data n;
Hal 1$2

Modul Pemrograman Komputer for i;<% to n do rata&;
Sete%a &ie'!e'+!i a'an "enga!i%'an !e9erti (eri'+t ini


Hal 1$3


Bagian 2 PENGULANGAN DENGAN KONDISI

A. (tr!kt!r ?hile X Do

Str+'t+r 9eng+%angan HILE .. DO ti&a' &itent+'an (era9a (an)a' 9eng+%angan &i%a'+'an a'an teta9i "engg+na'an e'!9re!i %#gi'a +nt+' "engenti'an 9eng+%angan. Ber(e&a &engan !tr+'t+r FOR .. DO )ang "engenti'an 9eng+%angan an)a &engan (ata! 9en$a$aann)a !a,a. Da%a" !tr+'t+r HILE .. DO 9eng+%angan a'an ter+! &i%a'+'an !e%a"a e'!9re!i %#gi'a ter9en+i &an a'an (erenti 9a&a !aat e'!9re!i %#gi'a ti&a' ter9en+i. E'!9re!i %#gi'a )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" HILE .. DO !a"a &engan e'!9re!i %#gi'a )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" !tr+'t+r IF ..THEN. Bent+' +"+" !tr+'t+r HILE .. DO a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t ?H,LE We,!pre!i lo$i,a D" Begin Wpernyataan6 X.. End6

B%#' !tate"ent &a%a" !tr+'t+r HILE .. DO a'an &i(+t+'an 'arena ,arang !e'a%i 9ern)ataan &a%a" !tr+'t+r ini an)a ter&iri &ari !at+ 9ern)ataan. Contoh a;<=6 ?hile aW
aaJ16 End6


Hal 1$4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Pern)ataan aaJ1 &i9er%+'an agar 9eng+%angan (i!a (erenti.

Latihan '

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng 4a't#ria% !e(+a (i%angan (+%at. In9+t  (i%angan (+%at 9#!iti4. O+t9+t  4a't#ria%n)a. R+"+! 4a't#ria% a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

n> ? 2@@=@n1@n12@n Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!0n)a !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

 n

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/

F#r"1

Ca9ti#n

Fa't#ria%

n

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar n1i ; integer6 fak ; longint6 begin Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1$5

Modul Pemrograman Komputer inp!t data n;
Sete%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i a'an "enga!i%'an ,en&e%a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 1$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer B. (tr!kt!r :epeat .. Until

Sa"a &engan !tr+'t+r HILE .. DO< ! tr+'t+r 9eng+%angan REPEAT .. UNTIL ,+ga ti&a' &itent+'an (era9a (an)a' 9eng+%angan &i%a'+'an a'an teta9i "engg+na'an e'!9re!i %#gi'a +nt+' "engenti'an 9eng+%angan. Da%a" !tr+'t+r REPEAT .. UNTIL 9eng+%angan a'an (erenti 9a&a !aat e'!9re!i %#gi'a ter9en+i &an a'an ter+! &i%a'+'an !e%a"a e'!9re!i %#gi'a ti&a' ter9en+i. E'!9re!i %#gi'a )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" REPEAT .. UNTIL !a"a &engan e'!9re!i %#gi'a )ang &ig+na'an &a%a" !tr+'t+r IF..THEN. Bent+' +"+" !tr+'t+r REPEAT .. UNTIL a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

:EPEA8 Wpernyataan6 X. UN8,L We,!pre!i lo$i,a

Ti&a' !e9erti !tr+'t+r HILE .. DO )ang "e"er%+'an B%#' !tate"ent &a%a" 9eng+%angann)a< Str+'t+r REPEAT .. UNTIL ti&a' "e"(+t+'an B%#' State"ent "e!'i9+n %e(i &ari !at+ 9ern)ataan. Contoh a;<=6 :epeat memo%.Lines.Add7OstatistikaO96 a;
Pern)ataan aaJ1 &i9er%+'an agar 9eng+%angan (i!a (erenti.

Latihan *

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"#&i4i'a!i 9r#gra" 9a&a Latian 3 &engan "eng+(a '#&e "en,a&i !e(agai (eri'+t Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1$!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar n1i ; integer6 fak ; longint6 begin inp!t data n;
A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an "enga!i%'an ni%ai )ang !a"a &engan HILE ... DO.


Hal 1$"

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Latihan G

Pa&a %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "eng+r+t'an n (+a &ata &engan in9+t (an)a' &ata n &an ni%ai0ni%ai &atan)a. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!0n)a !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

In9+t

B+tt#n La(e%1

Ca9ti#n Ca9ti#n

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

Data Ter+r+t

E&it1

Tet

/

Li!tB#1

Ca9ti#n

Li!tB#1

Ca9ti#n

Ur+t'an XX n

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1n;integer6 begin n;

Hal 1$#


Dan '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini proced!re 8orm%.B!tton&Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1#1n;integer6 a1b;real6 temp;string6 begin n;
Sete%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i a'an "enga!i%'an ,en&e%a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 11$


C. (oal)soal %. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ;arian! &an !i"9angan (a'+

&ari !+at+ &ata. In9+t a&a%a (an)a' &ata n &an ni%ai0ni%ai &atan) a. O+t9+tn)a a&a%a ;arian! &an !i"9angan (a'+. R+"+! ;arian! a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t n

 4̄ − ) n− 1

4

$



= ∑( i=1

i

&an !i"9angan (a'+ a&a%a a'ar &ari ;arian!. &. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ni%ai 4+ng!i &i!tri(+!i

'+"+%ati4 Bin#"ia%. Dengan in9+t (an)a' 9er$#(aan n< (an)a' !+'!e! ' &an 9e%+ang !+'!e! 9. O+t9+t a&a%a ni%ai 9e%+ang '+"+%ati4 (in#"ia%. R+"+! +nt+' &i!tri(+!i '+"+%ati4 Bin#"ia% a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t )

P ( 4 ≤) )=

∑ = 5


/

()

n p 5 ( 1− p )n− 5 5

Hal 111


MODUL ! VARIABEL BERINDEKS

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai ;aria(e% (erin&e'! )ang &i!e(+t &engan arra)< "en&e4ini!i'an ti9e< "engg+na'an !et &an ti9e ;aria(e% re$#r&. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ 9a&a (agian 9erta"a "engenai aria(e% (erin&e'! arra) )ang ter&iri ata! arra)< arra) "+%ti&i"en!i &an arra) &ina"i!. Pa&a (agian 'e&+a a'an &i,e%a!'an "e"(+at ti9e ;aria(e%< "engg+na'an !et &an "e"(+at re$#r& !e(agai ti9e ;aria(e%. Se"+a ;aria(e% )ang 'ita g+na'an 9a&a "#&+% !e(e%+"n)a an)a "e"+at !at+ r+ang !a,a< 9a&aa% !ering'a%i 'ita "e"(+t+'an !e(+a ;aria(e% &engan (an)a' te"9at. Mi!a%n)a !a,a ;aria(e% ? "e"9+n)ai ni%ai0ni%ai 1< 3< *< . Bia!an)a 9en&e4ini!ian ni%ai0ni%ai &ari ;aria(e% ter!e(+t "engg+na'an in&e'! !e9erti (eri'+t ini ?1  1< ?  3< ?3  * &an ?  . Da9at &i'ata'an (aa ;aria(e% ? "e"9+n)ai  r+ang )ang te"9atn)a &i&e4ini!'an !e(agai in&e'!. Da%a" Baa!a Pe"r#gra"an Laar+! te%a &i!e&ia'an ti9e ;aria(e% (erin&e'! !e9erti ini )ang &i!e(+t &engan arra).


Hal 112


Bagian 1 ARRA"

A. Array

Arra) a&a%a !e(+a ti9e ;aria(e% )ang "e"i%i'i (an)a' r+ang. Arra) ,+ga &i!e(+t !e(agai ;aria(e% (erin&e' !. Setia9 in&e'! )ang a'an &ig+ana'an &a%a" ;aria(e% (erti9e arra) ar+! &i&e4ini!'an 9a&a (agian &e'%ara!i. U"+"n)a in&e'! &i&e4ini!'an !e(agai !e(+a rentang ni%ai integer. Da%a" !at+ ;aria(e% arra) !e"+a r+ang )ang a&a ar+! "e"i%i'i ti9e )ang !a"a. Se$ara +"+" $ara 9en&e'%ara!ian ;aria(e% arra) a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

9ama3Variabel 6 Arraynilai3a(al..nilai3a)hir o# tipe3variabel

Contoh

=ar Na"a  Arra)1..1/ #4 !tring

"e"i%i'i 1/ r+ang &engan ti9e !tring

IPK  Arra)5..15 #4 rea%

"e"i%i'i 11 r+ang &engan ti9e rea%

n#"#r  Arra)/..5 #4 integer

"e"i%i'i 6 r+ang &engan ti9e integer

Per%+ &i'eta+i (aa an)a in&e'! )ang &i&e4ini!i'an )ang &a9at &ig+na'an 9a&a ;aria(e% arra) ter!e(+t. Mi!a%n)a +nt+' ;aria(e% IPK 9a&a $#nt# &iata! "e"i%i'i in&e'! &ari 5 ingga 15 teta9i ti&a' "e"i%i'i in&e'! 1 !a"9ai < ;aria(e% Na"a ti&a' "e"i%i'i in&e'! / &an ;aria(e n#"#r ti&a' "e"i%i'i in&e'! %e(i &ari 5. Artin)a a9a(i%a 'ita "en&e4ini!i'an IPK3 ata+ Na"a/ ata+ n#"#r* a'an "enga!i%'an err#r 9a&a !aat &ie'!e'+!i. Be(era9a #(,e' &a%a" Laar+! "er+9a'an ;aria(e% (erti9e arra) !e9erti Li!tB#< C#"(#B# &an StringGri&. Se"+a #(,e' (erti9e arra) )ang a&a &a%a" Laar+! "e"i%i'i ti9e ;aria(e% !tring &engan ni%ai aa% in&e'! a&a%a n#% / &an ni%ai a'ir a&a%a (an)a'n)a &ata )ang &iin9+t'an.


Hal 113


Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng rata0rata "engg+na'an arra). Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t omponen B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

B+tt#n

Ca9ti#n

Me"#1

Line!

E&it1

Tet

Properties

Hit+ng

Ial!e

Ber!i'an /

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1n;integer6 rata1total;real6 ;array%..' of real6 begin total;<=6 n;

Hal 114

Modul Pemrograman Komputer for i;<% to n do begin i;
B. Array -!ltidimensi

Arra) "+%ti&i"en!i a&a%a arra) )ang "e"9+n)ai &i"en!i n  " !a%a !at+ 9engg+naan arra) "+%ti&i"e!i a&a%a &a%a" a% #9era!i "atri'!.

Latihan &

Pa&a %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" "engg+na'an !tringgri&. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti ga"(ar (eri'+t


Hal 115


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Me"#1

Line!

Hit+ng

Stringgri&1

R#$#+nt

5

C#%$#+nt

5

G#e&iting

Tr+e

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1n1#;integer6 ;array%..*1%..* of real6 begin for i;<% to * do begin


Hal 11

Modul Pemrograman Komputer for #;<% to * do begin i1#;
C. Array Dinamis

Arra) )ang ti&a' "e"i%i'i +'+ran ata+ &i"en!i )ang teta9. Arra) !e9eri ini &i&e'%ara!i'an &engan (ent+' !e9erti (eri'+t

Array of tipe*a!ar

Latihan '

Pa&a Pr#gra" )ang te%a &i(+at 9a&a Latian  +(a%a '#&e &a%a" 9r#!e&+r b!tton% &engan '#&e !e(agi (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1n1#;integer6 ;array of array of real6


Hal 11!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer begin setlength71%=1%=96 for i;<% to * do begin for #;<% to * do begin i1#;
Latihan *

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "en$ari in;er &ari !+at+ "atri'!. S)arat !e(+a "atri'! agar &i9er#%e in;ern)a a&a%a "atri'! ter!e(+t ar+! (er(ent+' (+,+r!ang'ar &an n#n !ing+%ar &eter"inann)a ti&a' n#%. Da%a" 9r#gra" ini a'an 'ita (ata!i +nt+' &i"en!i "atri'! 5  5. Da%a" "engit+ng "atri'! (er&i"en!i %e(i &ari  'ita &a9at "engg+na'an a%g#rit"a SEEP )ang %ang'a0%ang'an)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t %. Tent+'an   a)) +nt+' !etia9 )  1<< ...< n &. Ka%i'an (ari! 'e ) "atri'! A &engan 1: Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 11"

Modul Pemrograman Komputer '. Unt+' !etia9 i  )

aTent+'an B  ai) (K+rang'an (ari! 'e i &engan B 'a%i (ari! 'e ) $Hit+ng ai)  0B:D *. Hit+ng a)) 1:D

B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r%a 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t

omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

In;er!

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

N "a 5

E&it1

Tet

/

Stringgri&1

R#$#+nt

5

C#%$#+nt

5

G#e&iting R#$#+nt

Tr+e 5

C#%$#+nt

5

G#e&iting

Fa%!e

Stringgri&

Agar !tringgri& !e$ara #t#"ati! "engi'+ti (e!ar &i"en!i "a'a '%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a E&it1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 11#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 9r#$e&+re TF#r"1.E&it1CangeSen&er TO(,e$t ;ar n integer (egin i4 e&it1.tet`X ten (egin n!trt#inte&it1.tet i4 n`6 ten (egin !tringgri&1.C#%C#+ntn !tringgri&.C#%C#+ntn !tringgri&1.r#C#+ntn !tringgri&.r#C#+ntn en& en& en&

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e (eri'+t ini

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar A1B ; array%..G1%..G of real6 i1#1k1n ; integer6 d1c;real6 begin n;
Hal 12$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer for k;<% to n do begin d;
A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an &i9er#%e a!i% !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 121


D. (oal)soal %. B+at%a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng "e&ian "engg+na'an arra). &. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng rata0rata ar"#ni' &an

rata0rata +'+r &engan r+"+! !e(agai (eri'+t

Rata0rata Har"#ni'

0=

n n

1/ 4 ∑ =

i

i 1

√ ∏= 4 n

Rata0rata U'+r

n

-=

i

i 1

'. B+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "enga%i'an "atri'! A    3 &an "atri'! B  3   *. B+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng in;er! "atri'! A "engg+na'an

A%g#rit"a A&,+!t &engan "atri'! gan&engan I. Lang'a0%ang'an)a a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t %. Tent+'an B  a)) +nt+' !etia9 )  1<< ...< n &. Ka%i'an (ari! 'e ) "atri'! A &engan 1: B '. Unt+' !etia9 i  ) Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 122

Modul Pemrograman Komputer aTent+'an B  ai) (K+rang'an (ari! 'e i &engan B 'a%i (ari! 'e ) *. Ha!i%n)a in;er!n)a a&a%a "atri'! gan&engann)a

Petun!u)6 Buat Datri)s beru)uran n 5 n yan" dipartisi men!adi n 5 n untu) matri)s yan" a)an diinvers)an dan n 5 n untu) matri)s "anden"an berbentu) matri)s identitas.


Hal 123


Bagian 2 TIPE# SET DAN RECORD

Se%ain "engg+na'an ti9e &ata )ang !+&a a&a &i&a%a" Laar+!< 'ita ,+ga &a9at "en&e4ini!i'an ti9e &ata 'ita !en&iri. Tent+n)a +nt+' "e%a'+'an a% ter!e(+t 'ita ar+! "e"(+at &e'%ara!i ti9e ;aria(e% )ang a'an &ig+na'an !e(e%+" "en&e'%ara!i'an ;aria(e%.

A. 8ipe

Kita (i!a "en&e4ini!i'an ti9e &ata. Ti9e )ang 'ita &e4ini!i'an &a9at &i9a'ai +nt+' 9en&e'%ara!ian '#n!tanta ata+ ;aria(e%.

Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng rata0rata "engg+na'an ti9e. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 124


Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Hit+ng

B+tt#n

Ca9ti#n

Ber!i'an

Me"#1

Line!

E&it1

Tet

/

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 8ype /ektor

Hal 125

Modul Pemrograman Komputer B. (et

Set a&a%a ti9e +nt+' !e,+"%a angg#t a &ari !+at+ ti9e !e&erana. Mi!a%n)a $ar &an ()te. Cara 9en+%i!an !et a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

type 9ama3tipe ? set o# data3sederhana

Se%ain it+ 9a&a !et ,+ga &a9at &i&e4ini!i'an !e'e%#"9#' (i%angan ata+ !e'+"9+%an 'ara'ter. C#nt# 9en&e4ini!ian !et a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t Kata  !et #4 $ar Bi%angan  !et #4 ()te Ang'a  !et #4 /..'ara'ter  !et #4 a .. 

C. :ecord

Re$#r& a&a%a ti9e &ata ter!tr+'t+r )ang (eri!i !e,+"%a &ata< &an "a!ing0"ai!ng &a9at (er(e&a ti9e. Re$#r& (an)a' &ig+na'an +nt+' "enangani &ata(a!e. Pen&e'%ara!iann)a !e(agai (eri'+t

Type namaTipeReor# / reor# #a0tar1 tipe1) #a0tar2 tipe2) en#)

A9a(i%a arra) &a9at "ena"9+ng (an)a' ;aria(e% &engan ti9e !a"a< re$#r&! &a9at "ena"9+ng (an)a' ;aria(e% &engan ti9e )ang (er(e&a0(e&a. =aria(e%0;aria(e% ini &i!e(+t &engan Fie%&!. Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 12

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Gr+9 ;aria(e%:4ie%&! &a9at &i9er%a'+'an !e(agai !e(+a +nit ata+ ;aria(e%. Kita &a9at "engg+na'an re$#r&! +nt+' "ene"9at'an in4#r"a!i )ang (era!a% &ari #(,e' )ang !a"a< "i!a%n)a in4#r"a!i "engenai "#(i% !e(agai (eri'+t %. 7eni! M#(i% !tring &. U'+ran "e!in rea% '. ta+n 9r#&+'!i integer

Kita &a9at "eng+"9+%'an ti9e0ti9e ;aria(e% (er(e&a ini 'e &a%a" !at+ re$#r&! )ang "ere9re!enta!i'an !e(+a "#(i%.

Latihan &

Kta a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "ena"9i%'an in4#r"a!i &ari "#(i% !e9erti 9a&a $#nt# !e(e%+"n)a. B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti (eri'+t ini

Pa&a (agian type &a%a" !#+r$e e&it#r ta"(a'an (ari! '#&e (eri'+t Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 12!


8Car < record -odelName; string6 Engine; (ingle6 -odelMear; ,nteger6 end6

Ke"+&ian '%i' &+a 'a%i (+tt#n1 &an t+%i! '#&e (eri'+t

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar Car; 8Car6 begin Car.-odelName;<,np!tbo7O,nfo -obilO1O,np!t -odel -obil; O1OO96 Car.Engine;
; O  Car.-odelName96

memo%.Lines.add7OUk!ran -esin ; O  floattostr7Car.Engine9  OCCO96 memo%.Lines.add7O8ah!n Prod!ksi ; O  inttostr7Car.-odelMear996 end6

A9a(i%a 9r#gra" &i e'!e'+!i a'an "enga!i%'an !e9erti ga"(ar &i(aa ini


Hal 12"


Da%a" $#nt# ini 'ita &a9at "en&e4ini!i'an !e(+a ti9e (ar+ re$#r&! "engg+na'an 'ata t)9e. Perati'an '#&e 9r#gra" (eri'+t ini type 8Car < record -odelName; string6 Engine; (ingle6 -odelMear; ,nteger6 end6

Da%a" 9r#gra" ter!e(+t 'ita "ena"(a'an +r+4 T 9a&a 'ata Car +nt+' "engin&i'a!i'an (aa 9a&a ini a&a%a !e(+a ti9e &an (+'an !e(+a ;aria(e%. Na"a ;aria(e% !e9erti Car< H#+r< U!erNa"e< teta9i na"a t)9e !e9erti TCar< TH#+!e< an& TU!erNa"e. Ha% ini "er+9a'an (aa!a !tan&ar &a%a" Pa!$a%. a't+

'ita

"e"(+t+'an

!e(+a

ti9e

(ar+<

'e"+&ian

'ita

ar+!

"en&e'%ara!i'an !e(+a ;aria(e% "engg+na'an ti9e ter!e(+t 'ita &a9at "en+%i!'ann)a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 12#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer /ar Car; 8Car6

A9a(i%a 'ita a'an "en)i"9an !e(+a ni%ai 'e&a%a" !a%a !at+ ;aria(e%:4ie%&! ta&i< "a'a 'ita &a9at "en+%i!'ann)a !e(agai (eri'+t

Car.-odelName

D. Soal-soal

1. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engin9+t'an &ata "engenai "aa!i!a !e(agai (eri'+t Na"a

 !tring

NPM

 integer

A%a"at

String

IPK

rea% 

7+"%a SKS

 integer

Petun!u)6 7una)an records . B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engin9+t'an &ata "engenai 9egaai !e(agai (eri'+t Na"a

 !tring

A%a"at

String

Ga,i

rea%

A(!en

integer

Petun!u)6 7una)an Tipe dan records


Hal 13$


MODUL $ PROSEDUR DAN FUNGSI

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai 9r#!e&+r &an 4+ng!i )ang "e%i9+ti (agai"ana $ara "e"(+at &an $ara "en,a%an'an 9r#!e&+r &an 4+ng!i. Se%ain it+ ,+ga &i9e%a,ari (agai"ana "e"an4aat'an 9r#!e&+r &an 4+ng!i )ang te%a a&a. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ 9a&a (agian 9erta"a "engenai (agai"ana "e"(+at 9r#!e&+r &an "engg+na'ann)a &i &a%a" 9r#gra". Se&ang'a n 9a&a (agian 'e&+a "engenai (agai"ana "e"(+at 4+ng!i &an "engg+na'ann)a 9a&a 9r#gra". Pr#!e&+r &an 4+ng!i "er+9a'an (agian &ari !+at+ 9r#gra" ata+ &engan 'ata %ain &i!e(+t !e(agai !+( 9r#gra". Pr#!e&+r &an 4+ng!i &a%a" 9en+%i!ann)a &i%a"(ang'an &engan !at+ 'ata. Pr#!e&+r "er+9a'an 9#t#ngan 9r#gra" )ang (er&iri !en&iri )ang ti&a' "e"(+t+'an #9era!i &ari #(,e' %ain. Se(a%i'n)a 4+ng!i "er+9a'an 9#t#ngan 9r#gra" )ang (ergant+ng 9a&a #9era!i &ari #(,e' %ain. O%e 'arena it+ 4+ng!i !e%a%+ "enge"(a%i'an !e(+a ni%ai &a%a" 9r#!e!n)a !e&ang'an 9r#!e&+r ti&a' "enga"(a%i'an ni%ai &a%a" 9r#!e!n)a.


Hal 131


Bagian 1 PROSEDUR

A. Proced!re

Pr#$e&+re a&a%a (agian 9r#gra" )ang (eri!i !erang'aian %ang'a0%ang'a tertent+. Pr#!e&+r "er+9a'an 9#t#ngan 9r#gra" )ang (er&iri !en&iri )ang ti&a' "e"(+t+'an #9era!i &ari #(,e' %ain. Kita ti&a' &a9at "en+%i!'an #9era!i "ate"ati'a tera&a9 9r#!e&+r. Pr#!e&+r &i&e'%ara!i'an &i aa% 9r#gra" !e(e%+" 9r#gra" +ta"a "ain 9r#gra" &i%a'!ana'an. Pr#!e&+r ,+ga ti&a' a'an &i,a%an'an a9a(i%a ti&a' &i9anggi% &i&a%a" "ain 9r#gra". Se$ara +"+" !e(+a 9r#!e&+r &a9at (er,a%an 9a&a 9r#gra" +ta"a< &i &a%a" 4+ng!i "a+9+n &i &a%a" 9r#!e&+r %ainn)a. De'%ara!i 9r#$e&+re )ang 9a%ing !e&erana a&a%a

Proced!re Wnama proced!reV6 Begin Xperintahpernyataan6 end6

Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng &i!tri(+!i 9e%+ang (in#" &engan "engg+na'an 9r#$e&+re. R+"+! 4+ng!i 9e%+ang (in#"ia% a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

n  ' n0'  9 C1 0 9D ' 

PC? N 'D N 9C'D N 


Hal 132


+nt+' ' N /< 1< < . . . < '. &an

n nO  '  N ' O C n 0 ' D O  

B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti (eri'+t ini

Ke"+&ian at+r%a 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t

omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

N

Hit+ng

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

?

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

P? 

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/

E&it3

Tet

/

Pa&a S#+r$e e&it#r t+%i!'an '#&e (eri'+t ini !ete%a i"9%e"entati#n proced!re faktorial7;integer6 /ar fak;longint96 /ar i;integer6 begin fak;<%6 if V= then


Hal 133

Modul Pemrograman Komputer begin for i;<% to  do fak;
proced!re kombinasi7n1;integer6 /ar kom;real96 /ar fn1f1fn;longint6 begin faktorial7n1fn96 faktorial71f96 faktorial7n)1fn96 kom;
K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar n1;integer6 hasil1p1kn;real6 begin n;
Sete%a &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an 'e%+ar ta"9i%an !e9erti (eri'+t ini Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 134


B. Soal-soal

Langganan PDAM &i'#ta A &ie%#"9#''an "en,a&i 3 g#%#ngan. Setia9 g#%#ngan "e"9+n)ai tari4 9er "eter '+(i' &an arga !ea "eteran 9er (+%an. G#%#ngan

3

Tari4:"

!ea "eteran

A

R9 3//

R9 5///

B

R9 5/

R9 35//

C R9 1*5 R9 5// B+at 9r#gra" )ang a'an "engit+ng (ia)a t#ta% %angganan< &engan in9+t  na"a< a%a"at< 9e"a'aian &an g#%#ngan. %ang'a0%ang'a  B+at%a 9r#$e&+re (eri'+t  1. Ba$a &ata . Hit+ng 3. 7+&+% &i9anggi% #%e 9r#$e&+re $eta' . Ceta' Pa&a 9r#$e&+re it+ng< (+at%a !+!+nan (eri'+t 1. "engit+ng tari4 9er "

3

&an !ea "eteran 9a'ai !tr+'t+r $a!e

. "engit+ng ,+"%a 9e"(a)aran 3. "engit+ng t#ta% 9e"(a)aran


Hal 135


Bagian 2 FUNGSI

A. !ngsi

F+ng!i a&a%a (agian 9r#gra" )ang (eri!i !erang'aian %ang'a0%ang'a tertent+ )ang "enga!i%'an ni%ai. F+ng!i "er+9a'an 9#t#ngan 9r#gra" )ang ti&a' (er&iri !en&iri )ang "e"(+t+'an #9era!i &ari #(,e' %ain. Kita &a9at "en+%i!'an #9era!i "ate"ati'a tera&a9 4+ng!i 'arena 4+ng!i "enge"(a%i' an !e(+a ni%ai. Se9erti a%n)a 9r#!e&+r< 4+ng!i ,+ga &i&e'%ara!i' an &i aa% 9r#gra" !e(e%+" 9r#gra" +ta"a "ain 9r#gra" &i%a'!ana'an &an ti&a' a'an &i,a%an'an a9a(i%a ti&a' &i9anggi% &i&a%a" "ain 9r#gra". Se$ara +"+" !e(+a 4+ng!i &a9at (er,a%an 9a&a 9r#gra" +ta"a< &i &a%a" 4+ng!i "a+9+n &i &a%a"

9r#!e&+r %ainn)a.

Pen&e'%ara!ian F+ng!i a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

!nction Wnama f!ngsiV6 Begin X Xperintahpernyataan X end6

C#nt# !nction 8ambah71y;integer9;integer6 Begin 8ambah;<y6 End6


Hal 13

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Pa&a !e(+a 4+ng!i ,i'a 9ara"eter ni%ai an)a &i%eat'an 9a&a 9ara"eter a't+a%9ara"eter !ea't+ 4+ng !i ata+ 9r#!e&+r &i9a nggi% "a'a 9er+(aann)a an)a ter,a&i &i&a%a" 4+ng!i !e&ang'an Ni%ai )ang "e"anggi% ti&a' a'an (er9engar+. Ini &i!e(+t &engan meman""il #un"si den"an parameter nilai.

Pa&a !e(+a 4+ng!i ,i'a 9ara"eter ;arai(e% &i%eat'an 9a&a 9ara"eter a't+a%9ara"eter !ea't+ 4+ng !i ata+ 9r#!e&+r &i9a nggi% "a'a 9er+(aann)a ti&a' an)a ter,a&i &i&a%a" 4+ng!i ,+ga Ni%ai )ang "e"anggi% . Ini &i!e(+t &engan meman""il #un"si den"an parameter varaibel.

Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng &i!tri(+!i 9e%+ang '+"+%ati4 &i!tri(+!i (in#"ia% &engan "engg+na'an 4+ng!i. R+"+! 4+ng!i 9e%+ang '+"+%ati4 (in#"ia% a&a%a !e(agai (eri'+t

5

P ( 4 ≤ 5 )=

∑( ) =/

+nt+' ' N /< 1< < . . . < '. &an

n p ) ( 1 − p )n− ) )

)

n nO  '  N ' O C n 0 ' D O  

B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti (eri'+t ini


Hal 13!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Ke"+&ian at+r%a 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

N

Hit+ng

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

?

La(e%3

Ca9ti#n

P?` 

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it E&it3

Tet Tet

/ /

Pa&a S#+r$e e&it#r t+%i!'an '#&e (eri'+t ini !ete%a i"9%e"entati#n f!nction faktorial7;integer9;longint6 /ar i;integer6 begin faktorial;<%6 if V= then begin for i;<% to  do faktorial;
f!nction kombinasi7n1;integer9;real6 begin kombinasi;
K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 13"

Modul Pemrograman Komputer /ar n11k;integer6 hasil1p;real6 begin n;
Sete%a &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an 'e%+ar ta"9i%an !e9erti (eri'+t ini

B. !ngsi)f!ngsi (tatistika

Laar+! te%a "en)e&ia'an 4+ng!i04+ng!i '+!+! !tati!ti'a )ang (i!a &ig+na'an +nt+' "engit+ng rata0rata< ;arian!< '+a&rat ,+"%a &an %ain0%ain. Caran)a &engan "en+%i!'an +nit math 9a&a ea&er 9r#gra" !e(agai (eri'+t

Unit%6


Hal 13#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer interface !ses ?indo$s1 -essages1 (ysUtils1 Iariants1 Classes1 Kraphics1 Controls1 orms1 Dialogs1 (tdCtrls1 Krids1 math6

type 8orm% < class78orm9 (tringKrid%; 8(tringKrid6 B!tton%; 8B!tton6 -emo%; 8-emo6 proced!re B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 pri/ate 4 Pri/ate declarations 5 p!blic 4 P!blic declarations 5 end6

Latihan &

Pa&a %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" "engg+na'an Unit math. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a F#r" &engan &e!ain !e9erti ga"(ar (eri'+t


Hal 14$



Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Me"#1

Line!

Hit+ng

Stringgri&1

R#$#+nt

5

C#%$#+nt

5

G#e&iting

Tr+e

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1n;integer6 total1rata1/arians;real6 ;array of do!ble6 begin setlength71%=96


Hal 141

Modul Pemrograman Komputer n;
C. !ngsi ,ntegral

Da%a" i%"+ !tati!ti'a (an)a' &i(+t+'an 9erit+ngan "engg+na'an integra% ter+ta"a &a%a" "engit+ng ni%ai &i!tri(+!i 9e%+ang '#ntin+. Di&a%a" Laar+! 4+ng!i integra% ti&a' &i!e&ia'an !eingga 'ita ar+! "engg+na'an 9en&e'atan n+"eri' &engan "et#&e integra!i "#nte $ar%#. A%g#rit"a integra!i "#nte $ar%# &a9at &i%iat 9a&a (agan (eri'+t ini

Kambar %. Bagan -etode ,ntegrasi -onte Carlo

Keterangan a

 (ata! (aa integra%


Hal 142

Modul Pemrograman Komputer (

 (ata! ata! integra%

n

 (an)a' 9eng+%angan

g?

 4+ng!i )ang a'an &iintegra%'an

Di%iat &ari a%+r (agan ter!e(+t ter%iat (aa !e"a'in (e!ar ni%ai n "a'a 9en&e'atan ini a'an !e"a'in (ai'. Dengan &e"i'ian 'ita ar+! "enent+'an (e!aran &ari n agar 9eng+%angann)a ti&a' ter%a%+ %a"a &an a!i%n)a $+'+9 (ai'. In9+t &ari "et#&e integra!i "#nte $ar%# ter!e(+t a&a%a (ata! (aa< (ata! ata!< (an)a'n)a 9eng+%angan.

Latihan '

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng ni%ai &i!tri(+!i '+"+%ati4 &ari Di!tri(+!i N#r"a% Ba'+ &engan r+"+! !e(agai (eri'+t 

∫ 1 e −∞ √  π

P ( E ≤  )=

1 

− 5

d5

Agar 9er!a"aan &iata! &a9at &iit+ng 'ita a'an "engi%ang'an +n!+r 0b &engan "e"(agi "en,a&i &+a (agian !e9erti 9er!a"aan (eri'+t ini 1. 7i'a ni%ai  X / "a'a /

1 

− 5

∫ 1 e −∞ √  π

P ( E ≤ F )=

F

1 

− 5

∫ √ 1 π e

d5 +

d5

/



1 

− 5

∫ √ 1 π e

P ( E ≤  )=/.5 +

d5

/

. 7i'a ni%ai  ` / "a'a /

∫

P ( E >  )=



/

1

∫ √ 1 π e

P ( E > F )=



∞

1



∫

1 e−  5 d5 + 1 e−  5 d5 √π / √ π 1 

− 5

d5 + /.5

F

P ( E ≤ F )= 1− P ( E > F ) Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 143

Modul Pemrograman Komputer /

1 

− 5

∫ √ 1 π e

P ( E ≤  )=/.5−

d5



B+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan &e!ain !e(agai (eri'+t


Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Hit+ng

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

P2  `

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/.5

?

Ta"(a'an '#&e (eri'+t &i e&it#r !ete%a i"9%e"entati#n

proced!re distnormal7;real6/ar p;real96 /ar i1n;integer6 hasil;real6 begin n;<%======6 hasil;<=6 for i;< % to n do hasil;

Hal 144

Modul Pemrograman Komputer else p;< =.G  ep7)=.G0ln7&0pi990n0hasil6 end6

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an ta"(a'an '#&e (eri'+t &i e&it#r

proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar 1p;real6 begin ;
Ma'a a9a(i%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i a'an "engaa!i%'an !e(agai (eri'+t

D. (oal)soal %. B+at

9r#gra"

+nt+'

"engit+ng

;arian!

&an

'+rt#!i!

&engan

"engg+na'an 4+ng!i !tati!ti' 9a&a Laar+! Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 145

Modul Pemrograman Komputer &. B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng 4+ng!i 9e%+ang '+"+%ati4 &ari

&i!tri(+!i i9erge#"etri' !e(agai (eri'+t

− ( )( − ) ≤ )=∑ ( ) 5

P(4

5

) =/


D 5

9 D n 5 9 n

Hal 14


MODUL % MEMBUAT DIAGRAM

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai (agai"ana "e"(+at &iagra" &i &a%a" Laar+!. Se(agai (aa!a 9e"r#gra"an ;i!+a% tent+n)a Laar+! ,+ga "en)erta'an !e,+"%a 4+ng!i +nt+' "e"(+at gra4i'. M#&+% ini ter&iri &ari &+a (agian )ait+ 9a&a (agian 9erta"a "engenai "e"(+at &iagra" (atang "engg+na'an 4+ng!i (ar$art. Se&ang'an 9a&a (agian 'e&+a a&a%a "engg+na'an 4+ng!i Cart +nt+' "e"(+at (er(agai ,eni! &iagra". Da%a" !tati!ti' &e!'ri9ti4 &iagra" )ang &ig+na'an (ia!an)a &iagra" (atang< &iagra" %ing'aran &an &iagra" gari!. Ketiga ,eni! &iagra" ini te%a &i!e&ia'an &i&a%a" 4+ng!i Cart.


Hal 14!


Bagian 1 DIAGRAM BATANG

A. BarChart

K#"9#nen BarCart (erg+na +nt+' "e"(+at &iagra" (atang &a%a" Laar+!. Dengan

"engg+na'an

'#"9#nen

ini<

9en)a,ian

gra4i'

(er&a!ar'an

!e'+"9+%an &ata &a9at &i%a'+'an &engan "+&a. K#"9#nen BarCart ter&a9at 9a&a a% a"an Mi!$ 9a&a C#"9#nent Pa%ett e.

Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at &iagra" (atang "engg+na'an 4+ng!i Bar$art. Unt+' it+ (+at%a 4#r" &engan ta"9i%an !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 14"


Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Bar Cart

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/

E&it3

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/

E&it5

Tet

/

BarCart1

Ca9ti#n

Diagra"Batang

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 begin BarChart%.AddBar7label%.caption1strtoint7edit%.tet91clKreen96 BarChart%.AddBar7label&.caption1strtoint7edit&.tet91clred96 BarChart%.AddBar7label'.caption1strtoint7edit'.tet91clred96 BarChart%.AddBar7label*.caption1strtoint7edit*.tet91clKreen96 BarChart%.AddBar7labelG.caption1strtoint7editG.tet91clKreen96 end6

Sete%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an "+n$+% ta"9i%an !e9erti (eri'+t ini


Hal 14#


B. Soal-soal

B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "ena"9i%'an &iagra" (atang 9a&a &ata (eri'+t ini 8AHUN EN,(

%'

%*

%G

PADI

85/

-5

15/

7AGUNG

55

65

35/

KEDELAI

*5

*//

8*5

KENTANG

35/

5

865

P:"DU(,

KOPI 7UMLAH


-5

1//

85

1-5

5*5

35

Hal 15$


Bagian 1 FUNGSI CHART

A. Chart

K#"9#nen Cart (erg+na +nt+' "e"(+at (er(agai ,eni! &iag ra" !e9er ti Diagra" Gari!< Diagra" Ling'ara n &an Diagra" (atang &a%a" Laar+ !. Dengan "engg+na'an '#"9#nen ini< 9en)a,ian gra4i' (er&a!ar'an !e'+"9 +%an &ata &a9at &i%a'+'an &engan "+ &a. K#"9#nen Cart ter&a9at 9a&a a%a"an A&&iti#na% 9a&a C#"9#nent Pa%ette.

Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at (er(agai &iagra" "engg+na 'an 4+ng!i Cart. Unt+' it+ (+at%a 4#r" &engan ta"9i%an !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 151

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

B+at Diagra"

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Ke%+ar

Stringgri&1

C#%$#+nt



R#C#+nt

8

Ra&i#B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

Diagra"Batang

Ra&i#B+tt#n1 Ra&i#B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n Ca9ti#n

Diagra"Pa!te% Diagra"Gari!

Cart

Ta"(a'an (e(era9a a% &i&a%a" (agian aa% +nit !ses Classes1 (ysUtils1 ileUtil1 L:eso!rces1 orms1 Controls1 Kraphics1 Dialogs1 Krids1 EtCtrls1 (tdCtrls1 8AKraph1 8A(eries1 B!ttons6

type 4 8orm% 5 8orm% < class78orm9 BitBtn%; 8BitBtn6 B!tton%; 8B!tton6 Chart%; 8Chart6 Kro!pBo%; 8Kro!pBo6 :adioB!tton%; 8:adioB!tton6 :adioB!tton&; 8:adioB!tton6 :adioB!tton'; 8:adioB!tton6 (tringKrid%; 8(tringKrid6 proced!re BitBtn%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 proced!re B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 pri/ate


Hal 152

Modul Pemrograman Komputer b; 8Bar(eries6 s; 8(erie6 p; 8Pie(eries6 p!blic 4 p!blic declarations 5 end6

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar ;array%..F of integer6 banyak;array%..F of real6 i1n;integer6 begin chart%.6 chart%.BottomAis.Iisible;<8:UE6 chart%.LeftAis.Iisible;<8:UE6 n;
Hal 153

Modul Pemrograman Komputer for i;<% to n do p.AddPie7banyaki1inttostr7i91cl8Acolor96 end else if radiob!tton%.Checked then begin b ;< 8Bar(eries.Create7Chart%96 Chart%.Add(erie7b96 b.Bar?idthPercent;<%==6 for i;<% to n do b.AddSM7i1banyaki1OO1clred96 end else begin s;< 8(erie.Create7Chart%96 s.(ho$Lines ;< tr!e6 s.(ho$Points ;< tr!e6 s.Pointer.(tyle ;< ps:ectangle6 s.title ;< OlineO6 s.(eriesColor ;< cl:ed6 Chart%.Add(erie7s96 for i;<% to n do s.AddSM7i1banyaki1OO1clred96 end6 end6

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 154

Modul Pemrograman Komputer proced!re 8orm%.BitBtn%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 begin close6 end6

Sete%a 9r#gra" &ie'!e'+!i "a'a a'an "+n$+% ta"9i%an !e9erti (eri'+t ini

Unt+' Diagra" Batang

Unt+' Diagra" Ling'aran


Hal 155


Unt+' Diagra" Gari!


Hal 15

Modul Pemrograman Komputer B. (oal)soal

B+at%a !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "ena"9i%'an &iagra" %ing'aran &an &iagra" (atang 9a&a &ata (eri'+t ini (ekolah

Banyak (is$a

SD

156

SLTP

1/-1

SLTA

86

PT

35


Hal 15!


MODUL & MENGAKSES BERKAS DAN PESAN KESALAHAN

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai $ara "enga'!e! (er'a! "e%a%+i Laar+! &an "ene"+'an &an "e"9er(ai'i 'e!a%aan "e%a%+ 9e!an 'e!a%aan ata+ messages. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ 9a&a (agian 9erta"a "engenai "enga'!e! (er'a! )ang "e%i9+ti $ara0$ara "e"(+at (er'a!< "en)i"9an (er'a!< &an "e"(+'a 'e"(a%i (er'a! )ang te%a &i!i"9an. Pa&a (agian 'e&+a &i,e%a!'an "engenai $ara "ene"+'an 'e!a%aan< "enent+'an ,eni! 'e!a%aan &an "e"9er(ai'i 9r#gra" )ang "engan&+ng 'e!a%aan. Di&a%a" Laar+! a9a(i%a 'ita "en+%i! !+at+ 9r#gra" &an tern)ata &ari !+!+nan ata+9+n !)nta )ang &ig+na'an ti&a' (enar "a'a a'an "+n$+% 9e!an 'e!a%aan error &i ,en&e%a -essages. Da%a" (agian ini 'ita a'an g+na'an 9e!an ini +nt+' "e"9er(ai'i 9r#gra" )ang 'ita (+at.


Hal 15"


Bagian 1 MENGAKSES BERKAS

A. -engakses Berkas

Data )ang 'ita "i%i'i !e%a%+ 'ita !i"9an &a%a" !+at+ (er'a!. Ber(agai ,eni! (er'a! &i9erg+na'an +nt+' &ata &engan 'e%e(ian &an 'e'+ranggann)a "a!ing0"a!ing. Pe"i%ian ,eni! (er'a! (ia!an)a &i'ait'an &engan 'e$e9atan a'!e!< 'e"+&aan &a%a" 9en)i"9anan &an +'+ran "e"#ri )ang &ig+na'an. Ber'a! &i9erg+na'an +nt+' "e)i"9an &ata (ia!an)a &a%a" (ent+' 4i%e< &a%a" (aa!a 9e"#gra"an Laar+! (er'a! &i(agi "en,a&i  1. Ber'a! (erti9e . Ber'a! te'! 3. Ber'a! ta'0(erti9e Ber'a! (erti9e a&a%a (er'a! )ang &atan)a "e"i%i'i ti9e. Dengan "engg+na'an (er'a! (erti9e 'ita (i!a "e)i"9an &ata )ang (erti9e !e9erti rea%< integer &an (a'an )ang (er+9a !tr+'t+r &ata !e9erti record. Be(era9a 9r#!e&+r )ang &i9erg+na'an &a%a" "e)i"9an (er'a! (erti9e a&a%a

Nama Prosed!r

Pr#!e&+re A!!ignFi%e;ar FFi%eNa"e!tring

eg!naan

Unt+' "engait'an ;aria(e% (er'a! &engan na"a 4i!i' (er'a! Contoh

A!!ignFi%e=ar(er'a!<ABC.&at Rerite=aria(e%Ber'a!

Men$i9ta'an (er'a! &an "e"(+'an)a

Re!et=aria(e%Ber'a!

Me"(+'a(er'a!

C%#!eFi%e=aria(e%Ber'a!

Men+t+9(er'a!

rite=aria(e%Ber'a!<=aria(e%Data<...

Men)i"9an !e(+a record &ata

Rea&=aria(e%Ber'a!<

Me"(a$a&ata


Hal 15#


Latihan %

Da%a" %atian 'a%i ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !e(+a 9r#gra" +nt+' "e"(+'a &an "en)i"9an 4i%e &a%a" (ent+' te'!. B+at%a F#r" &engan ta"9i%an !e(agai (eri'+t

omponen

Properties

Ial!e

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

cSi"9an

B+tt#n

Ca9ti#n

cB+'a

E&it1

Tet

E&it

Tet

La(e%1

Ca9ti#n

Na"a

La(e%

Ca9ti#n

NPM

Me"#1

Line!

Pa&a 4#r" &i(aa 'ata type 'eti'%a '#&e (eri'+t ini


Hal 1$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 8(is$a < :ecord Nama;string'=6 NP-;string'=6 end6

pri/ate 4 Pri/ate declarations 5 Berkas(is$a; file of 8(is$a6 8erb!ka;Boolean6

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t  proced!re 8orm%.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar NamaBerkas;string6 Data(is$a;8(is$a6 begin NamaBerkas;<3sis$a.dat36 assignile7Berkas(is$a1NamaBerkas96 if ileEists7NamaBerkas9 then :eset7Berkas(is$a9 else :e$rite7Berkas(is$a96 seek7Berkas(is$a1ile(i+e7Berkas(is$a996 ?ith Data(is$a do begin Nama;
Hal 11

Modul Pemrograman Komputer $rite7Berkas(is$a1Data(is$a96 Edit%.8et;
K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n &an "a!+''an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t  proced!re 8orm%.B!tton&Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 Iar NamaBerkas;string6 Data;8(is$a6 begin NamaBerkas;
Hal 12

Modul Pemrograman Komputer read7Berkas(is$a1Data96 memo%.Lines.Add7data.Nama96 memo%.Lines.Add7data.NP-96 end6 end6


Hal 13


Bagian 2 MENEMUKAN PESAN KESALAHAN

A. Pesan esalahan

Di&a%a" Laar+! a9a(i%a 'ita "en+%i! !+at+ 9r#gra" &an tern)ata &ari !+!+nan ata+9+n !)nta )ang &ig+na'an ti&a' (enar "a'a a'an "+n$+% 9e!an 'e!a%aan error &i ,en&e%a -essages.

Se%ain 9e!an 'e!a%aan &a%a" ,en&e%a messages ,+ga &i(eri'an arning a9a(i%a a&a !e!+at+ 9a&a 9r#gra" 'ita &an 'eterangan a9a(i%a 9r#gra" 'ita te%a !+'!e!. Pa&a ga"(ar &iata! ter%iat (aa a&a 5 'e!a%aan )ang ter,a&i )ang &i t+n,+''an 9a&a !etia9 (ari! +nt+' !etia9 'e!a%aan. A9a(i%a 'ita '%i' 9a&a (ari! tertent+ &a%a" ,en&e%a "e!!age! "a'a !e$ara #t#"ati! &a%a" !#+r$e e&it#r "en+n,+''an (ari! )ang (eri!i 'e!a%aa )ang &i"a'!+&< !eingga 'ita (i!a &engan "+&a +nt+' "e"9er(ai'in)a. Beri'+t a'an &i,e%a!'an "engenai (e(era9a 9e!an 'e!a%aan )ang !ering "+n$+% &a%a" Laar+!


Hal 14

Modul Pemrograman Komputer %. "!t "f -emory

Me"#r) ta' $+'+9 +nt+' "e%a'+'an 9r#!e! "i!a%n)a "eng'#"9%i'a!i 'a%a+ !e&ang (era&a &a%a" IDE &ian,+r'an "eng'#"9%i'a!i 9r#gra" 'e &i!'.

&. ,dentifier Epected

Pengena% ;aria(%e &i9er%+'an 9a&a 9#!i!i )ang &it+n,+''an 'e"+ng'inan &i!e(a('an )ang &i9a'ai a&a%a re!er;e& #r& 'ata ter$a&ang.

'. Unkno$ ,dentifier

Pengena% ;aria(e% ata+ '#n!tanta (e%+" &i&e'%ara!i'an.

*. D!plikate ,dentifier

A&a 9engena% &engan na"a )ang !a"a.

G. (inta Error

A&a 'ara'ter )ang ti&a' &i9er'enan'an< (ia!an)a &i!e(a('an 'e'+rangan tan&a 9eti' 9a&a !tring.

@. Error ,n :eal Constant

Sa%a &a%a" 9en+%i!an '#n!tanta rea%.

F. Error ,n ,nteger Constant

Sa%a &a%a" 9en+%i!an '#n!tanta integer.

>. (tring Constant Ered Line

Sa%a 'arena !tring (e%+" &ia'iri &engan tan&a 9eti'.

. 8o -any -asted iles

Fi%e in$%+&e )ang "e"anggi% 4i%e in$%+&e 9er%+ &i'+rangi.

%=. Unepeted End "f ile

Bia!an)a &i!e(a('an !a%a 9en+%i!an Begin &an En& ata+ a&a !+at+ '#"entar )ang (e%+" &it+t+9.


Hal 15

Modul Pemrograman Komputer %%. Line 8o Long

Pan,ang 'ara'ter &a%a" (ari! "e%e(ii 16 'ara'ter.

%&. 8ype ,dentifier Epected

Pengena% t)9e (e%+" &i(eri'an.

%'. 8oo -any "pen ile

Ter%a%+ (an)a' 4i%e )ang &i(+'a &a9at &iat+r "e%a%+i 4i%e CONFIG.S@S.

%*. ,nfalid ile Name

Na"a 4i%e !a%a.

%G. ile Not o!nd

Fi%e ti&a' &ite"+'an.

%@. Disk !ll

Di!' 9en+.

%F. ,nfalid Compiler Directi/e

Pengara $#"9+ter )ang &it+n,+''an ti&a' &i'ena%.

%>. 8oo -any iles

Ter%a%+ (an)a' 4i%e )ang &i%i(at'an !ea't+ "e%i(at'an '#"9%i'a!i +nit ata+ 9r#gra".

%. Undifined 8ype ,n Pointer Definition

T)9e )ang &ig+na'an 9a&a 9en&eni4i!ian 9#inter (e%+" &i&e'%ara!i'an.

&=. Iariable ,dentifier Epected

Pengena% )ang &it+n,+' !ear+!n)a "en)ata'an !e(+a ;aria(%e.

&%. Error ,n 8ype

Ke!a%aan &a%a" 9en&e4ini!ian t)9e.


Hal 1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer &&. (tr!ct!re 8oo Large

T)9e !tr+'t+r ter%a%+ (e!ar +'+ran "a'!i"a% )ang &i9er'enan'an )ait+ 655/ ()te.

&'. (et Base 8ype "!t "f :ange

T)9e &a!ar &ari i"9+nan ar+! (er(e&a &a%a" 'aa!an / !a"9ai 55 ata+ (er+9a t)9e en+"era!i )ang ,+"%a 'e"+ng'inann)a ti&a' %e(i &ari 56 (+a.

&*. ile Compotitions -y Not Be iles

K#"9#nen &ari 4i%e ti&a' (#%e (er+9a 4i%e.

&G. ,n/alid (tring Length

Pan,ang !tring &a%a" 9en&e'%ara!ian ar+!%a ter%eta' antara 1 !a"9ai 155.

&@. 8ype -ismach

T)9e ti&a' $#$#'.

&F. ,n/alid (!brange Base 8ype

Ke!a%aan 9a&a t)9e &a!ar !+(range.

&>. Lo$er Bo!nd Kreater 8han Upper Bo!nd

Da%a" "en&e'%ara!i'an !+(range< ni%ai aa% ar+! %e(i 'e$i% &ari9a&a ni%ai a'ir.

&. "rdinal 8ype Epected

T)9e )ang &i9er'ena%'an a&a%a t)9e #rigina%.

'=. ,nteger Constant Epected

Mengara9'an !+at+ '#n!tanta.

'%. Constant Epected

Mengara9'an !+at+ '#n!tanta.

'&. ,nteger "r :eal Constant Epected Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Mengara9'an '#n!tanta rea%:integer.

''. 8ype ,dentifier Epected

Mengara9'an 9engena% t)9e.

'*. ,nfalid !nction :es!lt 8ype

T)9e 'e%+aran 4+ng!i !a%a !ear+!n)a (er+9a t)9e !e&erana< !tring : 9#inter.

'G. Label ,dentifier Epected

Mengara9'an 9engena%an %a(e%.

'@. Begin Epected

K+rang Begin

'F. End Epected

K+rang En&.

'>. ,nteger Epression Epected

Mengaara9'an +ng'a9an integer.

'. "rdinal Epression Epected

Mengara9'an +ng'a9an #r&ina%.

*=. Boolean Epression Epected

Mengaara9'an +ng'a9an B##%ean.

*%. "perand 8ypes Do Not -atch "prator

T)9e #9eran& ti&' !e!+ai &engan #9erat#r.

*&. Error ,n Epression

Ke!a%aan &a%a" 9en+%i!an +nga'a9an .

*'. ,llegal Usignment

Ke!a%aan &a%a" 9ern)ataan 9en+ga!an. Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1"


**. ield ,dentifier Epected

Mengaara9'an 4ie%& &ari re$#r&.

*G. "b#ect ile 8oo Large

Fi%e #(,e$t )ang (er+'+ran %e(i &ari 6 '( ti&a' &a9at &i %in' #%e t+r(# 9a!$a%.

*@. Undefined Eternal

Pr#!e&+r : 4+ng!i e'!terna% (e%+" &i &e4ini!i'an.

*F. ,n/alid "b#ect ile :ecord

A&a !+at+ #(,e$t re$#r& &a%a" 4i%e #(,e$t )ang ti&a' !a.

*>. Code (egment 8oo Large

K#&e &a%a" !eg"ent '#&e ter%a%+ (e!ar 9r#!e&+r : 4+ng!i 9er%+ &i9e$a &a%a" (e(era9a +nit.

*. Data (egment 8oo Large

Data &a%a" !eg"en &ata ter%a%+ (e!ar te"9at'an &ata &a%a" ea9.

G=. Do Epected

K+rang D#.

G%. ,n/alid P!blic Definition

Ke!a%aan )ang (er'aitan &engan (aa!a a!!e"(%).

G&. ,n/alid Etrn Definition


G'. 8oo -any Etrn Definition


G*. "f Epected

K+rang O4. Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1#


GG. ,nterface Epected

K+rang Inter4a$e.

G@. ,n/alid :elocatable :eference

GF. 8hen Epected

K+rang Ten.

G>. 8o "r Do$n 8o Epected

K+rang T# ata+ D#nT#.

G. Underfined or$ard

De4ini!i &ari 9r#!e&+r : 4+ng!i (e%+" &i(eri'an.

@=. 8oo -any Proced!res

Ter%a%+ (an)a' 9r#!e&+r : 4+ng!i ,+"%a 4+ng!i.

@%. ,n/alid 8ypeCast

Ke!a%aan &a%a" "e%a'+'an t)9e$a!t '#n;er!i t)9e.

@&. Di/ision By Tero

Ke!a%aan 'arena 9e"(agian (i%angan &engan n#% /.

@'. ,n/alid ile 8ype

T)9e 4i%e )ang &ig+na'an ti&a' "engena% 9r#!e&+r . 4+ng!i 9enangan 4i%e )ang &it+n,+' "i!a%n)a 4i%e te'! ti&a' "engena% 9r#!e&+r !ee'.

@*. Cannot :ead "r ?rite Iariables "f 8his 8ype

T)9e &ari ;aria(%e )ang &it+n,+' ti&a' &a9at &i'ena%'an 9a&a in!tr+'!i rite &an rite%n ata+ Rea& &an Rea&%n.

@G. Pointer Iariable Epected

Mengaara9'an ;aria(%e 9#inter. Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1!$


@G. O6O Epected

K+rang titi' '#"a 9a&a a'ir (ari!.

B. Soal-soal

1. Perati'an 9r#gra" &i(aa ini ;ar i  ()te (egin i/ i%e i X 01/ &# (egin %i!t(#1.ite"!.a&&i &e$i en& en& Te"+'an &an 9er(ai'i 'e!a%aan )ang a&a

. Te"+'an &an 9er(ai'i 'e!a%aan )ang a&a 9a&a 9r#gra" (eri'+t ini

Var i%a%r%n%S%Siinte$er) Snreal) 3e$in n/!trtoint4e#it1.te+t5) Si/6) 0or i/1 to n #o Si/Si728e+p44i-158ln4955) S/roun#4Si5) e#it2.te+t/intto!tr4S5) Sn/2841-e+p4n8ln49555:41-95) S/roun#4Sn5) Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1!1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer e#it9.Te+t/intto!tr4S5) en#)

3. Te%+!+ri (agian 9r#gra" (eri'+t ini /ar a1b1i1n;integer6 #!m%1#!m&1hasil;real6 begin a;
Pa&a (ari! "ana'a (agian 9r#gra" )ang !a%a err#r


Hal 1!2


MODUL ' OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

PENDAHULUAN

Da%a" "#&+% ini a'an &i9e%a,ari "engenai 9engertian Pe"r#gra"an (er#rienta!i #(,e' O(,e$t Oriente& Pr#gra""ing ata+ (ia!a &!ing'at OOP. M#&+% ini ter&iri ata! &+a (agian )ait+ 9a&a (agian 9erta" a "engenai "e"(+at +nit )ang ter&iri ata! 9engertian +nit &an 'e%a!< "ena"(a'an "et#&e &an 9engertian &e!tr+'t#r. Ha"9ir !e"+a 9erang'at %+na' $o#t(are 9enge"(angan a9%i'a!in)a "engara 9a&a 9e"#gra"an (er#rienta!i #(,e'. Ha% ini (erang'at &ari 'en)ataan (aa &engan "engg+na'an 9en&e'atan (er#rienta!i #(,e'<

!+at+ '#&e &a9at

&ig+na'an 'e"(a%i 9a&a !e,+"%a 9r#gra" &engan "+&a &a%a" 9e"#gra"an a% ini &i!e(+t reusability. A&a tiga 'ara'teri!ti' )ang "en&a!ari 9e"#gra"an (er#rienta!i #(,e'  a Peng'a9!+%an  Penge "a!an antara &ata &an 9r#! e&+r ata+ 4+ng !i &a%a" !at+ a&a )ang &i!e(+t #(,e'. ( Peari!an  Ke"a"9+an !+at+ #(,e' +nt+' "en+r+n'an 'ara'teri!ti' )ang &i"i%i'in)a $ P#%i"#r4i!"e  S+at+ !i4at )an g "e"+ng'in'an na"a )an g !a"a &a9a t "en)ata'an tin&a'an )ang (er(e&a. Pa&a (agian  a'an &i(aa! tentang 9e"(+atan !#4tare !tati!ti'a )ang "e%i(at'an !e"+a 'ai&a0'ai&a &a%a" 9e"r#gra"an Laar+!< )ang te%a &i,e%a!'an 9a&a (a(0(a( !e(e%+"n)a. Pe"(+atan !#4tare !tati!ti'a )ang &i,e%a!'an 9a&a "#&+% ini &i(ata!i 9a&a 4+ng!i04+ng!i !tati!ti'a &a!ar )ang "e%i9+ti +'+ran 9e"+!atan< +'+ran %eta' &an +'+ran ;aria!i.


Hal 1!3


Bagian 1 MEMBUAT UNIT

A. "b#ek dan elas

Ke%a! 9a&a #(,e$t 9a!$a% ti&a' %ain a&a%a !+at+ ,eni! ti9e &ata ter!tr+'t+r. Ke%a! "en&e4ini!i'an !+at+ !tr+'t+r )ang ter!iri ata! 4ie%&< "et#&e &an 9r#9erti

a Fie%& =aria(e% )ang "er+9a'an (agian &ari 'e%a!< "iri9 0iel# 9a&a !tr+'t+r

reor# ( Met#&e S+(r+tin &a9at (er+9a 4+ng!i ata+ 9r#!e&+r $ Pr#9erti Fie%& )ang "e"i%i'i 9enent+ a'!e! (er+9a rea& &an rite

S+at+ 'e%a! &i&e'%ara!i'an &engan (ent+' !e(agai (eri'+t

8ype

Na"a'e%a!$%a!!'e%a!Orangt+a Da4tar Angg#ta End6

C#nt#

8ype

TStat&a!ar  C%a!!


Hal 1!4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Rata rea% =arian! rea% End6

B. -enambah -etode

Fie%&04ie%& )ang (era&a 9a&a !+at+ 'e%a! +"+"n)a &ia'!e! "e%a%+i "et#&e. Me#&e 9a&a #(,e' (ia!an)a (er+9a 4+ng!i &an 9r#!e&+r ata+ '#n!tr+'t#r. K#n!tr+'t#r !en&iri a&a%a "et#&e '+!+ )ang "en$i9ta'an &an "e"(eri ni%ai aa% #(,e'. K#n!tr+'t#r &i$i9ta'an &enga 9erinta

C#n!tr+$t#r Create C#n!tr+$t#r Create9ara"eter

Latihan %

B+at%a !e(+a +nit &a%a" 9r#gra" &i(+ at &engan $ara "e"i%i File  Ne( 

;nit. Sa;e %a +nit )ang !+&a &i(+at &engan na"a (tatdasar %a%+ t+%i!'an '#&e (eri'+t ini

+nit Stat!

inter4a$e t)9e TStat!  $%a!! 4+n$ti#n K=Srea%?rea%rea% en&

i"9%e"entati#n


Hal 1!5

Modul Pemrograman Komputer 4+n$ti#n TStat!.K=SRea%?Rea%rea% (egin K=S:?1// en& en&.

Sete%a !+at+ 'e%a! &i&e'%ara!i'an< 'e%a! &a9at &ig+na'an +nt+' "en&e'%ara!i'an ;aria(e% 9a&a (agian =ar $#nt#

Iar

a!i%TStat!

Pa&a $#nt# &i ata!< a!i% "er+9a'an ;aria(e% )ang "en+n,+' 'e #(,e' )ang (er'e%a! 8(tatdasar. Pen&e'%ara!ian &i ata! ti&a' "en$i9ta'an #(,e'< +nt+' "en$i9ta'an #(,e'< &i 9erg+na'an 9erinta !e(agai (eri'+t

=aria(e%Na"a'e%a!.Na"aK#n!tr+'t+r Para"eter

C#nt#

a!i%TStat!.$reaterata<;arian!

Latihan &

Pa&a %atian (eri'+t 'ita a'an "e"(+at 9r#gra" +nt+' "engit+ng rata0rata< ;arian! &an '#"9enen ;aria!i K= "engg+na'an OOP. Unt+' it+ (+at%a !e(+a 4#r" &engan ta"9i%an !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 1!


Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie!n)a !e(agai (eri'+t

omponen

Properties

Ial!e

E&it1

Tet

/

E&it

Tet

/

E&it3

Tet

/

B+tt#n1

Ca9ti#n

cHit+ng

Pa&a (agian aa% 9r#gra" ta"(a'an &a%a" +!e! +nit (tats.

!ses

in&#!< Me!!age!< S)!Uti%!< =ariant!< C%a!!e!<

Gra9i$!< C#ntr#%!<

F#r"!
Keti'an Stat&a!ar +nt+' "e"(erita+ (aa 9r#gra" )ang &i(+at "engg+na'an !nit (tats


Hal 1!!

Modul Pemrograman Komputer K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a (+tt#n1 &an i!i'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t 9r#$e&+re TF#r"1.B+tt#n1C%i$'Sen&er TO(,e$t =ar a!i%TStat&a!ar rata<;arian!rea% (egin rata! trt#4%#ate&it1.Tet ;arian! !trt#4%#ate&it.Tet a!i%TStat!.$reate e&it3.Tet4%#att#!tra!i%.K=rata<;arian! en& en&.

C. Destr!ktor

De!tr+'t#r a&a%a "et#&e '+!+ 9a&a 'e%a! )ang (erg+na +nt+' "e%a'+'an 9e"(e(a!an "e"#ri (i%a #(,e' ti&a' &i9a'ai %agi. Bent+' "et#&e ini 9a&a 9rin!i9n)a !er+9a &engan '#n!tr+'t#r< &engan 'ata destr!ctor.

Destr!ctor De!tr#)

C#nt#

Ha!i%.&e!tr#)

D. Iisibilitas

Setia9 angg#ta 'e%a! "e"i%i'i ;i!i(i%ita!. =i!i(i%ita! "enent+'an (i!a ti&a'n)a !+at+ angg#ta 'e%a! &ia'!e! &i +nit %ain ata+ &a%a" !+at+ 9r#gra". C#nt#n)a


Hal 1!"


Ha!i%.Rata  Ha!i%.=arian! 1

Ha% &iata! "en+n,+''an (aa ;i!i(i%ita! 'e&+a 0iel# ter!e(+t (er&i4at pu3li &a9at &ia'!e! &ari "ana !a,a. =i !i(i%ita! angg#ta 'e%a! 4ie%& "a+9+n "et#&e &itent+'an "e%a%+i !a%a !at+ &iantara %i"a 'ata ter$a&ang !e(agai (eri'+t a Pri;ate Angg#ta 'e%a! ti&a' (i!a &ia'!e! &i %+ar +nit te"9at angg#ta &i&e'%ara!i'an. ( Pr#te$te& Angg#ta 'e%a! &a9at &ia'!e! 9a&a "#&+% te"9at 'e%a! &i&e'%ara!i'an !erta 9a&a 'e%a! t+r+nann)a. $ P+(%i$ Angg#ta 'e%a! &a9at &ia'!e! &ari "ana !a,a.

Latihan '

U(a%a '#&e 9a&a Latian 1 "en,a&i !e(agai (eri'+t +nit Stat! inter4a$e t)9e TStat!  $%a!! 9r#te$te& 4+n$ti#n K=Srea%?rea%rea% en& i"9%e"entati#n 4+n$ti#n TStat!.K=SRea%?Rea%rea% (egin


Hal 1!#

Modul Pemrograman Komputer K=S:?1// en& en&.

A9a'a 9r#gra" "a!i &a9at (er,a%an 

E. Pe$arisan

Peari!an "en+n,+''an !+at+ 'e%a! "en+r+n'an 'ara'teri!ti' )ang &i"i%i'i 'e 'e%a! %ain. Ber'aitan &engan a% ini ter&a9at i!ti%a 'e%a!

#e!en#ant

&an 'e%a! ane!tor.

•

Ke%a! ane!tor a&a%a 'e%a! )ang "eari!'an 'ara'teri!ti' 'e 'e%a! %ain.

•

Ke%a! #e!en#ant a&a%a 'e%a! )ang "eari!'an 'ara'teri!ti' 'e 'e%a! %ain.

Latihan *

Ta"(a'an%a '#&e &i(aa implementation 9a&a +nit !tat! !e(agai (eri'+t

t)9e TM)Stat!$%a!!TStat! ::"e"(+at '%a! t+r+nan en&

. (oal)soal

1. B+at%a !e(+a 4+ng!i 9a&a +nit Stat! +nt+' "engit+ng '#e4i!ien 'e"iringan &engan r+"+! !e(agai (eri'+t

K#e4i!ien Ke"iringan =

 − Do 4 $


Hal 1"$

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Dengan

 Rata0rata 4 Do  M#&+!

$  Stan&ar De;ia!i . B+at%a !e(+a 'e% a! &engan na"a TM) Stat )ang "er+ 9a'an t+r+nan &ari 'e%a! TStat! &an "e"i%i'i 4+ng!i "engit+ng rata0rata +'+r &ari tiga (+a (i%angan !e(+t !a,a (i%angan ter!e(+t 4 1 < 4  &an 4 3  3. B+at%a !+at+ 4+ng!i 9a&a TM)Stat +nt+' "eng it+ng rata0rata it+ng &ari &ata 9enga"atan 4 1 < 4  <...< 4 n  . B+at%a !e( +a 9r#gra" &e ngan a%g# rit"a  Flo( chart +nt+' "eng+r+t'an &ata &engan $ara (+((%e !#rt !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 1"1



Hal 1"2


Bagian 2 MEMBUAT SOFT(ARE STATISTIKA

Da%a" (agian ini 'ita a'an "e"(+at !#4tare !tati!ti'a )ang "e%i(at'an !e"+a 'ai&a0'ai&a &a%a" 9e"r#gra"an Laar+!< &an "e"an4aat'an 9#t#ngan09#t#ngan 9r#gra" )ang te%a &i,e%a!'an 9a&a "#&+%0"#&+% !e(e%+"n)a. Pe"(+atan !#4tare !tati!ti'a )ang &i,e%a!'an 9a&a (agian ini &i(ata!i 9a&a 4+ng!i04+ng!i !tati!ti'a &a!ar )ang "e%i9+ti +'+ran 9e"+!atan< +'+ran %eta' &an +'+ran ;aria!i.

A. -emb!at elas

Se(agai %ang'a aa% a'an &i(+at !e(+a 'e%a! &engan na"a TMyStat! 9a&a +nit -yStat! !e(agai (eri'+t

!nit -y(tats6

interface type 8-y(tats < Class f!nction Ial-eans7S;array of real6n;integer9;real6 f!nction IalIariance7S;array of real6n;integer9;real6 end6 implementation f!nction 8-y(tats.Ial-eans7S;array of real6n;integer9;real6 /ar total;real6 i;integer6


Hal 1"3

Modul Pemrograman Komputer begin total;<=6 for i;<% to n do begin total;
B. -emb!at -en! pada orm

Unt+'

"e"+&a'an

&a%a"

9eng#9era!ian

!e(+a

a9%i'a!i<

'ita

&a9at

"engg+na'an "en+ )ang +"+"n)a (era&a 9a&a (agian ata! F#r". Di&a%a" Laar+! 'ita (i!a "ena"(a'an "en+ &engan $ara !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 1"4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer %. B+at%a !e(+a F#r" &. Ta"(a'an #(,e' -ain-en! 9a&a F#r"< te"9at'an !e"(arang. '. Pa&a ,en&e%a Pr#9ertie! +nt+' MainMen+ 9i%i ,tems "a'a a'an "+n$+%

,en&e%a (eri'+t

*. U(a Na"e "en,a&i Men+FI%e &an Ca9ti#n "en,a&i Fi%e< ,i'a ingin

"ena"(a'an +r+4 !#rt$+t ta"(a'an Ca9ti#n &engan tan&a c "en,a&i cFi%e G. K%i' 'anan 9a&a "en+ Fi%e &an 9i%i !+("en+< +(a 9r#9ertie! Na"e

"en,a&i Men+O9en &an Ca9ti#n "en,a&i cO9en 9a&a !+("en+ "en,a&i @. Ta"(a'an !+("en+ %ainn)a &an +(a 9r#9ertie! Na"e "en,a&i

Men+Sa;e &an Ca9ti#n "en,a&i cSa;e F. Ta"(a'an !+("en+ %ainn)a &an +(a 9r#9ertie! Na"e "en,a&i

Men+Eit &an Ca9ti#n "en,a&i Ecit. Ma'a ,en&e%a "en+ 'ita a'an "en,a&i !e9erti ini

Ma'a !e$ara #t#"ati! "en+ a'an "+n$+% &i!e(e%a 'iri ata! F#r". Kita &a9at "enga'!e! "en+ ter!e(+t &an a9a(i%a &i'%i' a'an "+n$+% e;ent '%i' &i &a%a" !#+r$e e&it#r.


Hal 1"5

Modul Pemrograman Komputer C. -endesain orm

Pa&a F#r"1 )ang te%a 'ita (+at ta&i ta"(a'an (e(era9a #(,e' )ait+ (tringKrid< -emo< (tat!sBar< (a/eDialog &an "penDialog< 'e"+&ian at+r%a

"engat+r 9r#9ertie! '#"9#nen )ang &i9erg+na'an !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

Stringgri&

Na"e

Gri&

Me"#

Na"e

Me"#1

Sa;eDia%#g

Na"e

Sa;eDia%#g1

O9enDia%#g

Na"e

O9enDia%#g1

MainMen+

Na"e

MainMen+1

Ite"!

O9enSa;eEit Ana%)eDe!$ri9ti;e Stati!ti$! He%9A(#+t

At+r%a O(,e' 9a&a F#r"1 !eingga "en,a&i !e9erti (eri'+t ini

Pin&a'an O3

Hal 1"


Pa&a Ta( E;ent! 9a&a O3
proced!re 8orm%.ormCreate7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1#;integer6 begin for i;<% to form%.grid.:o$Co!nt do begin form%.grid.Cells=1i;
T+%i!%a &+a (+a 9r#!e&+r &i(aa ini &i(aa i"9%e"entati#n !e(agai (eri'+t Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1"!


proced!re (a/e(tringKrid7(tringKrid; 8(tringKrid6 const ileName; 8ileName96 /ar f;

8etile6

i1 k; ,nteger6 begin Assignile7f1 ileName96 :e$rite7f96 $ith (tringKrid do begin  ?rite n!mber of Col!mns:o$s ?riteln7f1 ColCo!nt96 ?riteln7f1 :o$Co!nt96  loop thro!gh cells for i ;< = to ColCo!nt ) % do for k ;< = to :o$Co!nt ) % do ?riteln71 Cellsi1 k96 end6 Closeile796 end6

 Load a 8(tringKrid from a file

proced!re Load(tringKrid7(tringKrid; 8(tringKrid6 const ileName; 8ileName96 /ar f;

8etile6


Hal 1""

Modul Pemrograman Komputer i8mp1 i1 k; ,nteger6 str8emp;

(tring6

begin Assignile7f1 ileName96 :eset7f96 $ith (tringKrid do begin  Ket n!mber of col!mns :eadln7f1 i8mp96 ColCo!nt ;< i8mp6  Ket n!mber of ro$s :eadln7f1 i8mp96 :o$Co!nt ;< i8mp6  loop thro!gh cells Y fill in /al!es for i ;< = to ColCo!nt ) % do for k ;< = to :o$Co!nt ) % do begin :eadln7f1 str8emp96 Cellsi1 k ;< str8emp6 end6 end6 Closeile7f96 end6

K%i' !at+ 'a%i 9a&a "en+ Fi%e 'e"+&ian 9i%i O9en &an t+%i!'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t


Hal 1"#


proced!re 8orm%."pen%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar Name;(tring6 begin if opendialog%.Eec!te then begin Name;<"pendialog%.ileName6 loadstringgrid7grid1Name96 end6 end6

K%i' !at+ 'a%i 9a&a "en+ Sa;e &an i!i'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t

proced!re 8orm%.(a/e%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 Iar Name;(tring6 begin if sa/edialog%.Eec!te then begin Name;
K%i' !at+ 'a%i 9a&a "en+ Eit &an i!i'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1#$


proced!re 8orm%.Eit%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 begin close6 end6

D. orm (tatistika Deskriptif

Pa&a (agian !e(e%+"n)a 'ita te%a "e"i%i'i !e(+a F#r" )ang te%a (eri!i (er(agai "a$a" #(,e'< a'an teta9i +nt+' "e%a'+'an ana%i!i! 'ita "e"er%+'an ta"(aan F#r". B+at%a !e(+a 4#r" (ar+ &engan ta"9i%an !e(agai (eri'+t

Ke"+&ian at+r 9r#9ertie! !e(agai (eri'+t omponen

Properties

Ial!e

Li!t(#

Na"e

=ar%i!t

Li!t(#

Na"e

Li!t(#1

S9ee&(+tt#n

Ca9ti#n

XX

B+tt#n

Na"e

O'

B+tt#n

Ca9ti#n

Can$e%


Hal 1#1

Modul Pemrograman Komputer Pa&a e;ent TForm2.FormS&o( t+%i!'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm&.orm(ho$7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1kolom ; integer6 begin IarList.Clear6 ListBo%.Clear6 kolom;
K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a t#"(#% Spee#utton1 9a&a F#r" &an i!i'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t

proced!re 8orm&.(peedB!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar inde1 i ; integer6 begin inde ;< IarList.,tems.Co!nt6 i ;< =6 $hile i W inde do begin if 7IarList.(electedi9 then begin ListBo%.,tems.Add7IarList.,tems.(tringsi96 IarList.,tems.Delete7i96 inde ;< inde ) %6 Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1#2

Modul Pemrograman Komputer i ;< =6 end else i ;< i  %6 end6 end6

K%i' &+a 'a%i 9a&a t#"(#% utton1 9a&a F#r" &an i!i'an '#&e !e(agai (eri'+t proced!re 8orm&.B!tton%Click7(ender; 8"b#ect96 /ar i1#1noselected1kode;integer6 (elected;array of integer6 cellstring ;string6 S;array of real6 rata1/ariasi;real6 hasil;8-y(tats6 begin noselected ;< ListBo%.,tems.Co!nt6 (etLength7(elected1noselected96  Ket selected /ariables for i ;< % to noselected do begin cellstring ;< ListBo%.,tems.(tringsi)%6 for # ;< % to %== do if cellstring < form%.Krid.Cells#1= then selectedi)% ;< #6 end6 (etlength7S1form%.grid.:o$Co!nt)%96 form%.-emo%.Clear6 Bertho Tantular Jurusan Statistika FMIPA UNPAD

Hal 1#3

Modul Pemrograman Komputer for #;<% to noselected do begin for i;<% to form%.grid.:o$Co!nt)% do begin i)%;
IarOinttostr7#9O<

Ofloattostr7rata996 form%.-emo%.Lines.Add7OIarians floattostr7/ariasi996 form%.-emo%.Lines.Add7O

IarOinttostr7#9

O<

O

O96

hasil.Destroy6

Ke"+&ian e'!e'+!i 9r#gra"n)a &an a9a(i%a a&a 'e!a%aan !i%a'an &i9er(ai'i &an &i e'!e'+!i 'e"(a%i. Dari a!i% 9r#gra" )ang 'ita ,a%an'an 'ita &a9at "e%iat 'e'+rangan &ari 9r#gra" 'ita !eingga &a9at &i9er(ai'i +nt+' "en,a&i 9r#gra" )ang %e(i (ai'.

E. (oal)soal

Pa&a Pr#gra" )ang te%a &i(+at 9a&a "#&+% ini an)a "en)erta'an !e(+a ana%i!i! )ait+ Stati!ti'a De!'ri9ti4. M#&i4i'a!i 9r#gra" ter!e(+t &engan "ena"(a'an !+("en+ 9a&a "en+ ana%i!i! )ait+ %. Diagra"


Hal 1#4

Modul Pemrograman Komputer &engan !+("en+ Diagra" Batang< Diagra" Ling'aran. Ke"+&ian (+at i!i'an '#&e0'#&en)a agar (i!a &ig+na'an. &. Peng+,ian Hi9#te!i! Rata0rata

&engan !+("en+ Sat+ !a"9e% 2< Sat+ !a"9e% t. Ke"+&ian (+at i!i'an '#&e0'#&en)a agar (i!a &ig+na'an.


Hal 1#5


DAFTAR PUSTAKA

L+'it#< E&i"an 1--3 Be%a,ar Sen&iri Pe"r#gra"an &engan T+r(# Pa!$a% *./< PT E%e Me&ia K#"9+tin&#< 7a'arta. A(e% Aee"< M#ta /1 Start Pr#gra""ing U!ing O(,e$t Pa!$a% Free Pa!$a%:Laar+! B##'. E0(##' () M#ta A(e% Aee"< $#&e.!& 3/0/80/1. tt9::i&.i'i9e&ia.#rg:i'i:Laar+!Q^89erang'atQ%+na'^tt9::#"#9#re!t.(%#g!9#t.$#":/1:/:9e!an0err#r0&i09a!$a%0&an0$.t"%


Hal 1#

Modul Lazarus 2013

Recommend Documents