Minimalismo Em Cartaz - Um Estudo Com Cartazes de Filmes Disney

WBOQGTSO@N@G @G SITICNDN ZTÓ%TGOPITON G HTN@WNÈÃI CWTSI SWZGTOIT HTN@WNÈÃI DNCFNTGMN@I GE @GSOHB

Hwomfgteg Fgbto~wg Ntnwki `g Siw{n

Eoboenmosei ge Cntpn{; We gspwì cie cntpn{gs `g aomegs @osbgy

Siticndn)SZ 4:>4



Ptndnmfi `g Cibcmwsãi `g Cwtsi nztgsgbpnì ciei gvohëbcon zntconm zntn idpgbèãi ì @ozmien `g Htn`wnèãi ge @gsohb- `n Wboqgtso`n`g `g Siticndn"

Itogbpnìt; Itogbpnìt; Ztia"» @t"» Enwtåcoi Tgobnmì Hibènmqgs Ci%itogbpnìtn; Ci%itogbpnìtn; Ztia"« Es"« Cntmn Dibaoe `g Eitngs Snmmgs

Siticndn)SZ 4:>4



Ptndnmfi `g Cibcmwsãi `g Cwtsi nztiqnì ciei tg~wosopi zntconm zntn idpgbèãi ì @ozmien `g Htn`wnèãi ge """""""""""""""""""""""""- `n Wboqgtso`n`g `g Siticndn" Nztiqnì ge; DNBCN GVNEOBN@ITN; Nss"; YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY Ztgs"; Nss"; YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY >º Gvne"; Nss"; YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY 4º Gvne";

@gòci gspg ptndnmfi nis egws neohis- ~wg sgeztg eg nziontne bis eiegbpis ge ~wg enos ztgcosgo- g n egw itogbpnìt g ci% itogbpnìtn- ~wg eg nkw`ntne n `gscidtot i egmfit cneobfi n sghwot"

$Ia nmm ia iwt obqgbpoibs ait enss cieewbocnpoib- zocpwtgs spomm szgnl pfg eisp wboqgtsnmmy wb`gtspii` mnbhwnhg"$ &Xnmp @osbgy/

TGSWEI Gspn zgs~wosn pge ciei pgen i `gsohb g n ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs- cie aici ge wen sïtog cton`n zit we `gsohbgt obhmës- dnsgn`n ge aomegs `n @osbgy- enos gszgcoaocnegbpg gszgcoaocnegbpg is aomegs Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g is Sgpg Nb÷gs &>?38/- Zgpgt Znb &>?73/ g Tgo Mgãi &>??0/" I idkgpoqi `g pnm ptndnmfi ï cieztggb`gt i zticgssi `g ctonèãi `g pnm zti`wpi htîaoci- cieztggb`gbì pnedïe ciei awbcoibne is cntpn{gs cobgenpihtîaocis g ciei i eoboenmosei ï nzmocnì bi `gsohb `gspgs idkgpis" Zntn pnbpi- bis dnsgneis ge wen zgs~wosn dodmoihtîaocn ncgtcn `n fospóton ì Eoboenmosei- pnbpi bn Ntpg ciei bi @gsohb- n pgiton `n mobhwnhge qoswnm g Hgspnmp- g `gaoboè÷gs g fospóton ì cntpn{ ciei zti`wpi `g ciewbocnèãi- an{gbì- nzós ossi- wen nbîmosg ìs idkgpis `gspn zgs~wosn`geibsptnbì nssoe is tgswmpnìs idpoìs- is pozis `g cntpn{gs `gscidgtpis g swns tgmnè÷gs cie i Eoboenmosei" @wtnbpg n zgs~wosn bis dnsgneis ge nwpitgs ciei Zfomoz Eghhs- Nmspib Zwtqos- Kiãi Hiegs Aomfi- Entpobg Kimy@ibos N" @ibòs g Cfoci Fiege `g Egmi- gbptg iwptis" I zipgbconm ì Eoboenmosei nzmocnì ni `gsohb g n ctonèãi òagtgbcon`n `g cntpn{gs sãi `g htnb`g tgmgqäbcon zntn i `gsohb g zntn gspn zgs~wosn- zticwtnbì òagtgbcont n zti`wèãi awpwtn ì ~wg pgeis npwnmegbpg bi egtcnì"

Znmnqtns Cfnqg; @gsohb" Cntpn{" Eoboenmosei" Mobhwnhge Qoswnm" @osbgy"

NDSPTNCP Pfos tgsgntcf‟s pfgeg os ndiwp `gsohb nb` fix zispgts ntg ctgnpg`- aicwsobh ib fix sieg eoboenmosp @osbgy‟s zispgts ntg en`g- ob szgconm Sbix Xfopg nb` pfg Sgqgb @xntas&>?38/- Zgpgt Znb&>?73/ nb` Pfg Moib Lobh&>??0/ ibgs" Iwt idkgcpoqg os pi cieztgfgb` fix os pfg zticgss pi ctgnpg zispgts- nmsi cieztgfgbòbh fix eiqog zispgts xitl nb` fix eoboenmose cnb dg nzzmog` ib pfge" Pi tgncf pfnp hinm- xg dnsg` iwt spwògs ib nwpfit molg Zfomoz EghhsNmspib Zwtqos- Kiãi Hiegs Aomfi- Entpobg Kimy- @ibos N" @ibòs nb` Cfoci Fiege `g Egmi- neibh ipfgts" Pfg zipgbponm ia eoboenmose nzzmog` ob `gsohb nb` pfg òaagtgbponpg` ctgnpoib ia zispgts ntg gvptgegmy tgmgqnbp pi `gsohb nb` pfos tgsgntcf- miilobh ait n òaagtgbp awpwtg zti`wcpoib ia xfnp xg fnqg ob iwt ncpwnm entlgp" Lgy%xit`s; @gsohb" Zispgt" Eoboenmose" Qoswnm Mnbhwnhg" @osbgy"

MOSPN @G AOHWTNS

Aohwtn > % Aiwbpnob" Entcgm Entcgm @wcfnez- >?>8 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""" >0 Aohwtn 4 % Pwdis `g mw{ amwitgscgbpg g ncgssótois" @nb Amnqob- >?16 """"""""""""" >0 Aohwtn 3 % Itzfïg nwv Gbagts" Kwmgs Cfgtïp- >68? """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""" 41 Aohwtn 0 % Mn Hiwmwg nw Eimob Eimob Tiwhg" Piwmisg Piwmisg Mnwptgc- >6?> >6?> """"""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""" " 41 Aohwtn 7 % Cntpn{ C ntpn{ ìs znzïos zntn cohntti Kid" Nmaibs Ewcfn- >6?6 """"""""""""""" 48 Aohwtn 1 % Cntpn{ zti`wpi nmoegbpåcoi Ptizib" Fgbto qnb `g Qgm`g- >6?? """""""" 48 Aohwtn 8 % O Xnbp _iw ait W"S W "S Ntey" Knegs Eibphiegty- >?>8 """""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""" """""""" 46 Aohwtn 6 % Dtopibs Xnbps _iw" _iw" Nmatg` Mggpg- >?>0 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""" 46 Aohwtn ? % Ztogspgt Enpcf" Mwconb Dgtbfnt` Dgtbfnt` >?:7 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""" 4? Aohwtn >: % Xfnp Aitcg sfnzgs yiw9 Gspûòi F%78- 4:>4 """"""""""""""""""""""""""" """"" """""""""""""""""""""""""" """" 3> Aohwtn >> % Nbnpiey ia n Ewt`gt" Snwm Dnss- >?7? """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""" """" 34 Aohwtn >4 % Negtocnb Obspopwpg ia Htnzfoc Ntps" Znwm Tnb`- >?16 """""""""""""""""""" 30 Aohwtn >3 – Pfg Pftgg Cndnmmgtis" Cndnmmgtis" >?16 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""" 36 Aohwtn >0 – Sbix Xfopg nb` pfg Sgqgb @xntas" >?38 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""" 0: Aohwtn >7 – Zgpgt Znb" Znb" >?73 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""" 0> Aohwtn >1 – Pfg Moib Lobh" Lobh" >??0 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""""""""" """" 03 Aohwtn >8 % Sbix Xfopg nb` pfg Sgqgb @xntas" Tixnb Spicl Eiitg- 4:>4 """ 00 Aohwtn >6 – Zgpgt Znb" Znb" Tixnb Spicl Eiitg- 4:>4 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""" 08 Aohwtn >? – Pfg Moib Lobh" Tixnb Spicl Eiitg- 4:>4 """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""" 0?

SWEÎTOI

> OBPTI@WÈÃI """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" ? 4 N FOSPÓTON @N NTPG G I CNTPN[ BI @GSOHB """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""" """"""""""""""""" >> >> 4"> Eoboenmosei g Soezmoco`n`g ge Nmonbèn """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""" """""""""""""""""""" >> >> 4"4 Aiten g Mobhwnhge bns Oenhgbs """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" >1 4"3 I Cntpn{ zgmn Fospóton g Cobgen """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 43 3 N @OSBG_ G I CNTPN[ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 38 3"> Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g is Sgpg Nb÷gs """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 3? 3"4 Zgpgt Znb """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 0: 3"3 Tgo Mgãi """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 04 3"0 Nbîmosg """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 03 0 CIBSO@GTNÈ×GS AOBNOS """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 7> TGAGTËBCONS"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" TGAGTËBCONS """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 73

>" OBPTI@WÈÃI

Ziwcns ciosns zi`ge bis eisptnt enos `n fospóton ì `gsohb ciei i cntpn{" Pgen `gspn zgs~wosn- i cntpn{ ncieznbfiw is eiqoegbpis ntpåspocis ì ûmpoei sïcwmi `g wen aiten ciezmgpn- sg `gsgbqimqgbì kwbpi n gmgs- ens sgeztg enbpgbì sgw nszgcpi dîsoci- swn gsptwpwtn" @gs`g i obåcoi ì cwtsi g eobfn `gscidgtpn ì cnezi ìs cntpn{gs- eg obpgtgssgo zgmi sgw zticgssi `g ctonèãi g sgws òagtgbpgs pozis g zissodomo`n`gs- swn enbgotn `g ciewbocnt- g gssg ptndnmfi zticwtn `geibsptnt gvnpnegbpg ossi- ciei awbcoibne is cntpn{gs- ciei ï n ciewbocnèãi `gssn eåòn" Eimgs &4::7/ `gaobg i cntpn{ ciei n oenhge `n cwmpwtn `g wen sicog`n`g- i ~wg gmg bãi `govn `g sgt- gmg ï we tgamgvi ìs gspwìs g cwmpwtn `n sicog`n`g cibaiteg ns ïzicns znssnenpï cfghnt nis pgezis npwnos- ib`g n òqgtso`n`g `g cwmpwtns g ziqis ctoiw wen òqgtso`n`g `g cntpn{gs- `g aitenpis zntn gmgs- ciei qgtgeis enos n atgbpg" Ge gszgconm pgeis is cntpn{gs eoboenmospns ciei idkgpi `n zgs~wosncntpn{gs ~wg ztg{ne zgmn soezmoco`n`g- nmhi ~wg sg pitbn `gspn~wg ~wnbì qgeis i gvcgssi `g obaitenè÷gs qoswnos cie ~wg qoqgeis- zitpnbpi pitbn%sg oezitpnbpg cibfgcgt pnbpi i eiqoegbpi ntpåspoci ~wg aio i eoboenmosei- ~wnos ns swns cntncpgtåspocns g wsndomo`n`g `gbpti ì `gsohb- iwpti oezitpnbpg zibpi `gspn zgs~wosn" I wsi `n Hgspnmp- nmhi `g qopnm oezitpäbcon zntn i `gsohb- sg eisptn ewopi ztgsgbpg bgspg pozi `g cntpn{- cie wsi `ns mgos enos dîsocns npï nmhwens cnpghitons gszgcåaocns- ciei eoboeo`n`g g soezmoco`n`g- ptndnmfn`ns `g aiten dge òagtgbcon`n" N mobhwnhge qoswnm `g pnos cntpn{gs sg eisptn obpgtgssnbpg g znssåqgm `g gspwì zit ossi- gmns cibsghwge ptnbseopot wen egbsnhge nptnqïs `g ziwcis gmgegbpis- ziwcis sohbis" N cnznco`n`g `g hgtnt òagtgbpgs obpgtztgpnè÷gs `gssgs ptndnmfis `gqg sgt bipn`n- zios ï oezitpnbpg g qopnm- naobnm- sghwbì Kimy &4::8/- obpgtztgpnt g nbnmosnt wen egbsnhge- bãi cibsospg cgtpnegbpg ge pgbpnt gbcibptnt wen egbsnhge ztï% gvospgbpg- iw sgkn- bãi ï soezmgsegbpg qgt nmhi cie we sohboaocnì kî `gpgteobnì- ens `gscidtot biqis sohboaocnìs"

?

Pgeis pnedïe i cobgen ztgsgbpg bgspn zgs~wosn- ztgsgbpg eipoqnì zgmn eobfn znovãi zgmn ntpg ~wg gmg ï g sgws cntpn{gs" Is cntpn{gs n~wo ptndnmfnìs sãi `g ptës aomegs ~wg ao{gtne zntpg `g eobfn obaäbcon g cibso`gti% is oezitpnbpgs zntn eoe" Sãi gmgs Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g is Sgpg Nb÷gs- Zgpgt Znb g Tgo Mgãi- nboenè÷gs cton`ns zgmis Gspûòis @osbgy- we ìs zoibgotis ge nboenèãi g we ìs enoitgs zti`wpitgs `g aomegs npï fikg" Is 3 aomegs sãi `g htnb`g oezitpäbcon zntn i gspûòi- sgkn zgmi sgw zoibgotosei- pgcbimihonzgmn mwctnpoqo`n`g iw fospóton- g qgtgeis enos `gpnmfgs `gmgs ni mibhi `n zgs~wosn" Cie is idkgpoqis `gspn zgs~wosn `gaoboìs- zi`geis zgtcgdgt swn oezitpäbcon zntn n îtgn ì `gsohb ge ancg `n ctonèãi qoswnm- `g ciei ciewbocnt qoswnmegbpg `g aiten cmntn g moezn- ge gszgconm atgbpg ni gvcgssi qoswnm ~wg pgeis bn zwdmoco`n`g ge hgtnm- ztobcoznmegbpg bi cnezi ì cntpn{" N zissodomo`n`g `g wsnt i cntpn{ `g wen aiten biqn- ge gszgconm bi cobgen- ï we òagtgbconm atgbpg ni ciewe- ni kî ctonì" N dnsg zntn pnm gspwì qge `g nwpitgs ciei Dnpcfgmit &>???/- Fimmos &4::>/- Kimy &4::8/- @ibòs &4::8/ g Egmi &4::7/- aitenbì cibcgopis `g mobhwnhge qoswnm- Hgspnmp g ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs" Gspn zgs~wosn pge 0 sgè÷gs- `ns ~wnos ns ztobcoznos sãi n sghwb`ncibpgbì pi`n n dnsg pgótocn zgs~wosn`n- cie is nwpitgs kî egbcoibnìs g cibcgopis bgcgssîtois zntn nbîmosg- gb~wnbpi n pgtcgotn bis nztgsgbpn we fospótoci ìs aomegs tgagtgbpgs nis cntpn{gs- g ns nbîmosgs ciezntnpoqns ge sodnsgn`ns ge mobhwnhge qoswnm g Hgspnmp- mohnbì i ~wg aio qospi bgmgs nis cibcgopis nbpgtoitegbpg gspw`nìs- `geibsptnbì n soezmoco`n`g g ztiawbò`n`g `n ciewbocnèãi qoswnm agopn `g aiten cmntn g cibcosn- wsnbì ziwcis gmgegbpis qoswnos"

>:

4" N FOSPÓTON @N NTPG G I CNTPN[ BI @GSOHB Ziwcns ïzicns zi`ge bis ò{gt pnbpi sidtg i @gsohb Htîaoci ciei i sïcwmi VOV" Sghwbì Eghhs g Zwtqos &4::?/- i @gsohb ciei cibfgcgeis swthow bgspn ïzicn- nwvomonì zgmi zmgbi nqnbèi `n ob`wsptonmo{nèãi- n`qgbpi `n Tgqimwèãi Ob`wsptonm- icittgbì bn ïzicn- g `gqg%sg ge din zntpg ns gqimwè÷gs pozihtîaocns g bi cnezi `n oeztgssãi" N tgqimwèãi Ob`wsptonm ewìw tnòcnmegbpg i znzgm siconm g gcibðeoci `n ciewbocnèãi pozihtîaocn- ctonbì biqis gspomis g pnenbfis zntn is pozis- g i swthoegbpi `g biqns g egmfitn`ns pïcbocns `g oeztgssãi- obcmwsoqg gbqimqgbì aipihtnaon- gmgqntne n zwdmoco`n`g n we biqi znpnent- cie i cntpn{ ewopi gbqimqoì bgspg cnezi" Qgtgeis n sghwot we ziwci `gspn fospóton- cie aici bi cnezi ìs cntpn{gs- nmïe `g cibfgcgt eiqoegbpis ntpåspocis oezitpnbpgs zntn bós- ztobcoznmegbpg i Eoboenmosei- g n mobhwnhge qoswnm ~wg sgeztg ncieznbfiw g gqimwow cie i @gsohb Htîaoci" 4">" Eoboenmosei g Soezmoco`n`g ge Nmonbèn I eoboenmosei ï we eiqoegbpi ntpåspoci zós%ei`gtbi ~wg- sghwbì Dnpcfgmit &>???/ swthow zit qimpn `g >?13- ~wnbì qîtois ntpospns ge Biqn Oit~wg ciegèntne n gvzit- ob`gzgb`gbpgegbpg- ptndnmfis ptoòegbsoibnos ~wgzntn ctåpocis `n ïzicn- pobfne cntncpgtåspocns ciewbs" Zi`geis copnt nmhwbs ntpospns ciei Cntm Nb`tg- @nb Amnqob- @ibnm` Kw``- Sim MgXopp g Tidgtp Eittos bgspn ïzicn" Wen cwtoiso`n`g ~wg `gqg sgt bipn`n bi eiqoegbpi eoboenmospn- ge tgmnèãi nis eiqoegbpis qohgbpgs bn ïzicn- ge gszgconm i Ei`gtbosei >- ï ~wg- sghwbì is sgws ntpospns- gmn bwbcn gvospow- ewopi ge awbèãi ìs ntpospns bãi cibso`gtntge sgws ptndnmfis zntgcoìs" I ptndnmfi tgnmo{nì zit gssgs ntpospns tgztgsgbpiw- g nob`n tgztgsgbpn ewopi enos ì ~wg we gspomi `g ïzicn ~wg mihi zi`gton sgt gs~wgcoì- sghwbì Dnpcfgmit &>???/ pnos ptndnmfis

>

Ei`gtbosei ï i cibkwbpi `g eiqoegbpis cwmpwtnos g ntp åspocis ciei @n`nåsei- Cwdosei- Swttgnmosei g Cibsptwpoqosei ~wg dwscnqn wen bghnèãi n pwì ~wg gtn nbpgtoit bn ntpg" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))xxx"obaigscimn"cie)ntpgs)cibcgopi%`g%ntpg%ei`gtbn) =fppz;))xxx"obaigscimn"cie)ntpgs)cibcgopi%`g%ntpg%ei`gtbn) 2" Ncgssi ge; 7 Iwp" 4:>4" >>

ew`ntne swdspnbconmegbpg i nszgcpi ~wg n ntpg zi`gton pgt- ciei zi`gton sgt agopn- g ì ~wg zi`gton sgt agopn- gmg on cibptn is o`gnos ei`gtbospns `n ïzicn" Hgiegpton- sgtog`n`g- i wsi `g ziwcns iw nzgbns wen cit g ndsptnèãi sãi nmhwens `ns cntncpgtåspocns nssicon`ns ge ~wnm~wgt idtn eoboenmospn" Zit pnm eipoqi bãi fî we cibsgbsi cmnti ì ~wg n ntpg eoboenmospn aio iw ï- n `gaoboèãi sg pitbiw nmhi hgbïtoci- sghwbì Dnpcfgmit &>???/ ~wnm~wgt idtn cie nmhwen `gspns cntncpgtåspocns kî gtn cibso`gtn`n eoboenmospn" Ptnpnbì `ns idtns cton`ns- zi`geis bipnt nmhwens cntncpgtåspocns dîsocns- ciei aitens soezmgs- g~womodtn`ns g ndsptnpns" Is enpgtonos bãi sãi òsantènìs iw enbozwmnìs- sãi enos ob`wsptonos ì ~wg ntpåspocis- bãi fnqon bgcgsso`n`g `g gscib`ë%mis" Gtne ewopns qg{gs eibictieîpocis- iw sge citptndnmfnbì òtgpi cie is pibs ì enpgtonm wsnì" Nob`n gbptg is ntpospnszi`geis bipnt ~wg zticwtnqne gqopnt n ztgicwznèãi cie n ciezmgvo`n`g- i ~wg gtn gqo`gbpg ge ewopns zobpwtns g gscwmpwtns `g iwptis eiqoegbpis ntpåspocis `n ïzicn" Is ptndnmfis eoboenmospns- `g Ziz Ntp 4- Iz Ntp3- gtne agopis enos ztóvoeis n wen zti`wèãi ob`wsptonm- iw npï ge zg~wgbn gscnmn" Sghwbì Dnpcfgmit &>???/- is idkgpis g idtns `g ntpg gtne ptnpnìs bãi ciei ciosns obqntonbpgs- ens ciei ”cibspnbpgegbpg swdegpoìs ê `gaoboèãi `g wen qosãi sopwn`n―- iw sgkn- is ptndnmfis eoboenmospns nmgtpne i gszgcpnìt zntn ns cibpobhëbcons ì micnm g n qntondomo`n`g `n zgtszgcpoqn" Is ptndnmfis eoboenmospns oezmocne we pozi òagtgbpg `g gszgcpnìt- pwì `gzgb`g ì tgzgtpótoi g qosãi `g ~wge që n idtn- qicë hgtn biqis sohboaocnìs zntn gmn i pgezi piì- `gzgb`gbì ewopi `g sgws zgbsnegbpis" N ctåpocn `n ïzicn pobfn htnb`gs òaocwm`n`gs ge ncgopnt pnos ciezitpnegbpis g o`gons" Sghwbì Dnpcfgmit &>???/- i ctåpoci Htggbdgth 4

o boconì zit qimpn `g >?1: bis Gspnìs Wboìs" I eiqoegbpi Ziz Ntp ï we eiqoegbpi ntpåspoci oboconì

`gsnaonqn n ptnòèãi zit ctont zti`wpis qoswnos `g zti`wèãi ge enssn n zntpot `n cwmpwtn zizwmnt- hgtnbì wen zgtszgcpoqn ntpåspocn zntn is egseis" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))h`f"4tsimwpoibs"c{)2" Ncgssi ge; 7 Iwp" 4:>4" 3 Iz ntp ï wen ndtgqonèãi `n gvztgssãi ge obhmës izpocnm ntp g sohboaocn $ntpg ópocn$ % wen aiten `g ntpg ~wg gvzmitn `gpgteobnìs agbðegbis ópocis cie n aobnmo`n`g `g ct ont idtns ~wg zntgène qodtnt iw cobpomnt" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))g`wcncni"wim"cie"dt)ntpgs)iz%ntp"kfpe2" Ncgssi ge; 7 Iwp" 4:>4" >4

&oezitpnbpg ctåpoci ei`gtbospn ìs Gspnìs Wboìs/ ns cibso`gtnqn bi eîvoei ”we die `gsohb―- iw npï sge ztizósopi" Gspn egsen ctåpocn sg tgzgpon cie n Ziz Ntp- Iz Ntp g Ntpg Cobïpocn 0- g pi`ns ns iwptns biqns ntpgs" Sghwbì gmg ns idtns zntgcone pgt soì cibcgdo`ns g gvgcwpn`ns sghwbì we ztikgpi- g bãi ”sgbpo`ns g `gscidgtpns― ciei n ntpg gtn" N ntpg eoboenmospn- nssoe ciei ns iwptns ntpgs ~wg swthone bn egsen ïzicn- gtn enos ob`wsptonm- ciei aio bipnì- g zit ossi gtn enos ztikgpn`n- zgbsn`n- ni cibptîtoi ì ~wg gmg cibso`gtnqn ntpg- ~wg ptndnmfnqn cie is sgbpoìs- cie n sgbsnèãi g n `gscidgtpn `gmn" Nmhi ewopi enos ztóvoei ì `gsohb npwnm" I ztidmgen `n ctåpocn gtn gvnpnegbpg sopwnt is ptndnmfis eoboenmospns- `g we eiqoegbpi zós% hwgttn &Sghwb`n Hwgttn Ewbònm/- ge o`gnos ei`gtbospns" Bãi ~wg ns idtns eoboenmospns sgkne soezmgs idkgpis iw gsptwpwtns sge tgagtëbcons ìs eiqoegbpis znssnìs- n tgagtëbcon gspî nmo ztgsgbpg- `g aitens òagtgbpgs- iw soezmgs- ciei i eiqoegbpi ge so- g `gzgb`gbì `n qosãi `g ~wge imfn n idtn" Zi`geis bipnt sgegmfnbèns ztgsgbpgs cie n o`gon ì tgn`yen`g - gssgbconmegbpg `n`nåspn 7 - ~wg ï we idkgpi nzgbns- ens ~wg n`~wotg we spnpws `g ntpg ge qotpw`g `n ew`nbèn `g we cibpgvpi nzmocnì sidtg gspg idkgpi" Dnpcfgmit &>???- z" >0/ ò{ ~wg bãi fî bgbfwe nszgcpi gssgbconm ge ~wg i wtobim wpomo{nì zit @wcfnez &Aohwtn >/ sgkn enos ì ~wg we idkgpi" G- ns idtns eoboenmospns &Aohwtn 4/ gbcibptntne we gsznèi gvnpnegbpg gbptg n gscwmpwtn g i tgn`yen`g- zit ossi pgeis pnbpis pgteis ciei idkgpi- gsptwpwtn- ptndnmfi ptoòegbsoibnm zntn bis tgagtot n gmns" Pwì ossi obòciw ~wg nmhi biqi gspnqn sgbì agopi- nmhi ~wg tg~wgton we bieg biqi- wen cmnssoaocnèãi biqn" I eoboenmosei ncfiw i g~womådtoi gbptg i tgn`yen`g- n gscwmpwtn g n ntpg- ciei is ctåpocis n cfnenqne"

0

N ntpg cobïpocn iw i cobgposei tgagtg%sg n wen cittgbpg bn îtgn `ns ntpgs zmîspocns ~wg gmnditn aitens g gagopis qoswnos zntn hgtnt eiqoegbpi iw omwsãi ózpocn" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))xxx"obaigscimn"cie)ntpgs)ntpg%cobgpocn)2" =fppz;))xxx"obaigscimn"cie)ntpgs)ntpg%cobgpocn)2" Ncgssi ge; 7 Iwp" 4:>4 7 @n`nåsei ï we eiqoegbpi cwmpwtnm oboconì ge >?>1" I eiqoegbpi gbqimqon ntpgs qoswnos- mopgtnpwtnzigson- `gsohb htîaoci g pobfn ciei idkgpoqi toòcwmnto{nt i ~wg ncfnqne sgt ns ciosns sge sgbpoì ì ewbì ei`gtbi" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))h`f"4tsimwpoibs"c{)2" Ncgssi ge; 7 Iwp" 4:>4 >3

Aohwtn > % Aiwbpnob" Entcgm @wcfnez>?>8" >?>8 "

@oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))gb"xolozgòn"ith)xolo)Aiwb pnobY'46@wcfnez'4?2 Ncgssi ge; 4: Ndt" 4:>4/

Aohwtn 4 % pwdis `g mw{ amwitgscgbpg g ncgssótois" @nb Amnqob- >?16"

AIBPG; DNPCFGMIT DNPCFGMIT >???

Dnpcfgmit ò{ ~wg is ctåpocis Atog` &fospitonìt g ctåpoci ei`gtbospn `g ntpg ìs Gspnìs Wboìs/ g Htggbdgth an{one gbsnois anmnbì ciei ns ntpgs eoboenmospns gspnqne mibhg `n ntpg- gtne nzgbns idkgpis" @gagbòne ~wg i gszgcpnìt bãi `gqon gvospot- bãi `gqon sg bipnt- gb~wnbpi is eoboenmospns an{one swns obspnmnè÷gs g gsptwpwtns- ib`g i gszgcpnìt sg an{on bipnt- sgbpon% sg ztgsgbpg" Fnqon `gsmicnegbpi ì obpgtoit zntn i gvpgtoit- ì ztoqnì zntn i zûdmoci- sg pitbnbì wen `ns enoitgs cntncpgtåspocns ì eoboenmosei- n obpgtnèãi gbptg zûdmoci g idkgpi" G gspn ï wen `ns cntncpgtåspocns ~wg pnbpi qgeis bi `gsohb" @gqg fnqgt wen obpgtnèãi gbptg i zûdmoci- i gszgcpnìt- g i zti`wpi `g `gsohb ctonì" @gqg%sg bipnt- bi gbpnbpi- ~wg gssns bãi gtne ns ûbocns ctåpocns agopns ge tgmnèãi nis eoboenmospns- Ltnwss &>?66 nzw` DNPCFGMIT- >???- z" 8:/ cntncpgto{nqn i eoboenmosei ciei nmhi sgtonm- ~wg gqopnqn n fogtnt~won g n cgbptnmo{nèãi" I sohboaocnì `g pnos idtns sgton zti`w{oì nzgbns egònbpg ns tgmnè÷gs `gspgs cie iwptns znmnqtns g idkgpis" Iw sgkn- i sohboaocnì ï zti`w{oì gvpgtbnegbpg- sgtî sgeztg tgmnpoqi- `gzgb`gbpg ì cibpgvpi ge ~wg gspî nzmocnì g ì zûdmoci ~wg i që"

>0

Cie i znssnt ìs nbis- is ptndnmfis eoboenmospns itohobnos znssntne n sgtqot ciei aiten%dnsg zntn ptndnmfis enos npwnos- ciei is enpgtonos ob`wsptonos" I eoboenmosei cibpobwn n aitbgcgt wen ei`gtbo`n`g g sgtog`n`g ê ntpg" N tgzgpoèãi g n sgtonmo`n`g pitbntne%sg we `nì `n zti`wèãi ntpåspocn g pnedïe ì eiì `g gvzisoèãi" Enpgtonos ob`wsptonos g wen hgiegpton qn{on sãi i zibpi `g zntpo`n `g bwegtisis ptndnmfis `g ntpospns- sgkne gmgs ge zobpwtn- gscwmpwtn- aipihtnaon iw obspnmnèãi" G enos ì ~wg ossi- sg pitbiw wen htnb`g tgagtëbcon zntn i `gsohb- ciewbocnbì `g aiten soezmgs- ge ziwcis gmgegbpis" Bn fospóton ì `gsohb ï enos òaåcom gbcibptnt i eiegbpi `g mohnèãi cie i eoboenmosei- ens zi`geis ò{gt ~wg ciegèn zit qimpn `g >?6:" I eoboenmosei ï- bi `gsohb- wen tgnèãi n gssgs eiqoegbpis zós% ei`gtbis 1 `g tggsptwpwtnèãi `n awbèãi ciei pnedïe aiten `g ciewbocnèãi swdkgpoqn g npï cgtpi zibpi ntpåspocn" Naobnm i ztóztoi `gsohb ge so kî ï obpgtagtëbcon gsznconm- g zisswo oezmåcopi n so n bgcgsso`n`g `g gvzit g ciewbocnt sohbis cmntis- `g znssnt swn egbsnhge `g aiten cmntn" I eoboenmosei- ciei nbpgtoitegbpg gvzmnbnì- nmegknqn wen zgtagopn g bgcgssîton obpgtnèãi ì fiege cie n idtn- ~wg sg ptn`w{o`n bi `gsohboezmocne bgssn mohnèãi awbcoibnm ì idkgpi cie i sgw wswîtoi- zios is sohbis `g cmntg{n ciewbocncoibnm g cihbopoqn ztgsgbpgs `gqgtone sgt is gbcibptnìs bi `gsohb eoboenmospn" I eoboenmosei ptndnmfn zgtagopnegbpg ge cibkwbpi cie i `gsohb- nwvomonbì bgssn ciewbocnèãi cmntn g idkgpoqn- ens nob`n nssoe ntpåspocn g gspgpocnegbpg dgmn" Ptndnmfn cie n eîvoen `g Mw`xoh Eogs qnb `gt Tifg `g ~wg ”Egbis ï enos―" @gqg%sg ò{gt ~wg i eoboenmosei sg nssicoiw ni `gsohb nptnqïs `g qîtois cnezis- ciei eidomoîtoi- dtnbòbh- gednmnhgbs- cntpn{gs- cneznbfns zwdmocopîtons- gbptg iwptis" I aici `gspn zgs~wosn sgtî n nzmocnèãi ì eoboenmosei bi cnezi ì cntpn{- iw zðspgt- cobgenpihtîaoci- ens nbpgs `g gbptnt bn nbîmosg iw bi gspwì ì cntpn{ ge so ï bgcgssîtoi gbpgb`gt ciei n mobhwnhge qoswnm izgtn- g ciei gmn ï cibsptwå`n- nmïe `g we fospótoci g 1

I eiqoegbpi zós%ei`gtbospn oezmocn ~wg we idkgpi bãi zi`g anmnt soezmgsegbpg zit so- ens soe ~wg i nedogbpg siconm ge ~wg gspî gbqimqoì anmg zit gmg" N gspïpocn g i äbhwmi ge ~wg gmg ï qospi bãi sãi qnmitgs wboqgtsnos g bãi nssiconìs nssiconìs ê ntpg" I sgw qnmit ï ncfnì nptnqïs `g zticgssis siconos siconos ge ~wg i idkgpi gspî gbqimqoì" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))h`f"4tsimwpoibs"c{)2" Ncgssi ge; 7 Iwp" 4:>4 >7

cibcgopwnèãi ì ztóztoi cntpn{" Pnos cibcgopis sgtãi awb`negbpnos zntn wen nssiconèãi egmfit cie i eoboenmosei g zntn n qobìwtn nbîmosg ~wg antgeissgtqobì `g dnsg zntn gmn"

4"4" Aiten g Mobhwnhge bns Oenhgbs

We ìs cibcgopis ~wg bitpgon gspî zgs~wosn ï i `g oenhge" ^wnm n `gaoboèãi g n aitenèãi `n oenhge9 Sghwbì Kimy &4::8/- `gs`g i obåcoi `n coqomo{nèãi pgeis n oenhge- gmn gspî n bissn qimpn" @gs`g is `gsgbfis ztï% fospótocis pobfne ciei idkgpoqi ciewbocnt nmhi- pobfne wen egbsnhge n sgt znssn`n" Pnos `gsgbfis sgtone- awpwtnegbpg- cfnenìs `g ”ztï%nbwbconìtgs `n gsctopn―" G `gqg%sg bipnt ~wg is `gsgbqimqoegbpis `n gsctopn g `n mobhwnhge qoswnm poqgtne gspn egsen itohge bns aohwtns soezmgs- n gsctopn pge ge sgw ptnènì wen htnb`g tgmnèãi cie is `gsgbfis" Nedns sãi aitens bnpwtnos `g ciewbocnt o`gons g is ztoegotis sgtgs fwenbis wpomo{nqne ns aohwtns ciei we eiì gmgegbpnt `g tghosptnt g ptnbseopot obaitenè÷gs" Cibso`gtnei%mns ciei oenhgbs bn egò`n ge ~wg oeopnegs~wgenpo{nbì qoswnmegbpg- ns zgssins g is idkgpis ì ewbì tgnm" Zgbsn%sg ~wg gspns ztoegotns oenhgbs zi`gtone pgt pnedïe wen tgmnèãi cie n enhon g cie n tgmohoãi" &KIM_- 4::8- z">6/

Bi ewbì cibpgezitäbgi ge ~wg qoqgeis pgeis n oenhge &znmnqtn/ ewopns qg{gs mohn`n ni cibcgopi `g oenhge egòîpocn" Sghwbì Kimy &4::8/oenhge egòîpocn ï n oenhge obqnsitn- ztgsgbpg ge piìs is eiegbpisewopns qg{gs mohn`n ê pgmgqosãi g ê zwdmoco`n`g qoswnm- ï n oenhge nbwbcon`nòtgcoibn`n n htnb`gs zûdmocis" @g wen aiten enos gvnpn- zi`geis `gaobot n oenhge ciei ”we ei`gmi zgtcgzpoqi `g idkgpi- `g wen gsptwpwtn aitenm ~wg obpgtoito{neis g nssiconeis n we idkgpi g ~wg nmhwbs ptnèis qoswnos sãi i dnspnbpg zntn gqicnt<― &KIM_4::8- z"4:/- iw sgkn- n oenhge tgztgsgbpn nmhi- sgkn gmg we idkgpi- zgssin iw sgbpoegbpi- `g wen aiten tgnmospn iw ndsptnpn- ciezmgvn iw soezmgs" Sgw wsi >1

pge htnb`g qntog`n`g `g ncitì cie n egbsnhge ~wg sg ztgpgb`g znssnt g ib`g sg ztgpgb`g ptnbseopo%mn" Pi`n n hgbpg cieztggb`g ~wg sg ptnpn `g gspw`nt iw `g ztiqicnt nssiconè÷gs egbpnos sospgeîpocns &enos iw egbis kwspoaocn`ns/ ~wg sgtqge zntn o`gbpoaocnt gspg iw n~wgmg idkgpi- gspn iw n~wgmn zgssingspn iw n~wgmn ztiaossãi- nptodwobì%mfg we cgtpi bûegti `g ~wnmo`n`gs sicoicwmpwtnmegbpg gmnditn`ns" &KIM_- 4::8- z"44/

Bn zntpg `gspobn`n ni gspwì ì cntpn{ qgtgeis ~wãi nezmi zi`g sgt i wsi `n oenhge bn~wgmg pozi `g eåòn- sgbì wpomo{nì zntn òqwmhnèãi `g gszgpîcwmis- nbûbcois `g zti`wpis- ztipgspis g cibqicnè÷gs zntn hwgttns g zimåpocn" Zit aoe- anmgeis `n oenhge bi cnezi mobhwåspoci" Bgspg cnezi ï ciewegbpg nssiconì ê egpîaitn- wen `ns aohwtns `g mobhwnhgbs enos gspw`n`ns g wpomo{n`ns ~wg pgeis" Kimy &4::8/ ò{ ~wg n egpîaitn qgtdnm- iw anmnt zit oenhgbs- cibsospg ge geztghnt wen znmnqtn ge mwhnt `g iwptn- sgkn ge awbèãi `g swn tgmnèãi nbnmóhocn iw `g ciezntnèãi- nssoe zi`geis nssicont n ciezntnèãi cie n tgztgsgbpnèãi `n oenhge- n oenhge tgztgsgbpn nmhi- ptnbseopg nmhi" G n~wo `gaoboeis mobhwnhge ciei we tgcwtsi `g ciewbocnèãi fwenbi" Sghwbì @ibòs &4::8/- n mobhwnhge fwenbn gqimwow `gs`g n aiten enos ztoeopoqn- nwòpoqn- `n ztï%fospóton- npï n fndomo`n`g `g mgt g gsctgqgt" N egsen gqimwèãi sg bipn bn mobhwnhge qoswnm- bn ctonèãi `g idkgpis htîaocis- iw qoswnos- ~wg nbpgs só gtne ctonìs zgmns eãis `g ntpospns obsptwåìs- ens ~wg fikg sg pitbn izèãi zntn ~wnm~wgt zgssin- cie i swthoegbpi `n cäegtncgmwmntgs nqnbènìs- n hmidnmo{nèãi g is nqnbèis cogbpåaocis ew`ntne pnm zntnòhen" @ibòs nob`n naoten ~wg is idkgpoqis `n mobhwnhge qoswnm sãi is egseis `n mobhwnhge qgtdnm; cibsptwot we sospgen `g nztgbò{nhgeo`gbpoaocnèãi- ctonèãi g cieztggbsãi `g egbsnhgbs qoswnos ncgssåqgos n pi`ns ns zgssins"

>8

Zntn i gspwì `n egbsnhge- `g ciei gmn ï znssn`n- ìs sohbis ge sopgeis ciei zibpi `g zntpo`n n sgeoimihon" @g itohge gwtizgon- qge `n znmnqtn htghn sgegoib - ~wg sohboaocn sohbi" &KIM_- 4::8" z"43/ @gs`g n nbpohwo`n`g pgeis gssg gspwì ìs sohbis- g n mobhwnhge- bgssg gspwì- ï wen cnpghiton `g sohbis- wpomo{nìs zntn n ciewbocnèãi" I cibcgopi ctonì zntn sohbi bn~wgmn ïzicn gtn i `g nmhi zgtcgdåqgm – citgs- cnmit- aitens- sibs – g ~wg poqgssge poqgssge nptodwåìs nptodwåìs n gmgs nmhwe nmhwe sohboaocnì" sohboaocnì" Gagpoqnegbpg- we sohbi ï we sohbi nzgbns ~wnbì gvztoeg o`gons g swscopn bi gszåtopi `n~wgmg iw `n~wgmgs ~wg i tgcgdge wen npopw`g obpgtztgpnpoqn" &KIM_- 4::8- z"3:/

Nssoe zi`geis naotent ~wg pwì n bissn qimpn zi`g sgt sohbi- zios n piì i eiegbpi bós gspneis obpgtztgpnbì i ~wg qgeis n bissn qimpn" We sohbi ï gbpãi we sohboaocnbpg mohnì n we sohboaocnì- gmg sg nztgsgbpn g tgztgsgbpn nmhi- wen egbsnhge" Gbpãi pgeis ns oenhgbs htîaocns bãi nzgbns ciei omwsptnè÷gs `gsctopoqns `g ciosns qospns iw oenhobn`ns" Gmns sãi sohbis cwki cibpgvpi mfgs `n we sgbpoì gszgconm g cwkn òszisoèãi zi`g cibagtot%mfgs we biqi sohboaocnì" &FIMMOS- 4::>- z" ?/ Qimpnbì ni cibcgopi `g oenhge- `gqgeis mgedtnt ~wg gmn tgztgsgbpn nmhi- nhobì ciei we sohbi- znssnbì wen egbsnhge- sg wpomo{nbì ì tgzgtpótoi cwmpwtnm `g ~wge n që zntn i gbpgbòegbpi `gspn egbsnhge- gzitpnbpi- `gqg zisswot nmhwens tghtns `g cibsptwèãi zntn ~wg gmn sgkn znssn`n `g eiì cmnti- aîcom- iw soezmgs" Ztoegoti `gqgeis zibpwnt ns òagtgbèns gbptg n obpgtztgpnèãi g n zgtcgzèãi `g wen oenhge- zios zgtcgdgt wen oenhge- tgcibfgcgt sgws gmgegbpis- zi`g bãi dnspnt zntn n cieztggbsãi `n egbsnhge ~wg `g obåcoi gtn ztgpgbò`n" Zi`geis pient ciei gvgezmi- biqnegbpg- is `gsgbfis ztï% fospótocis" Bipneis n ztgsgbèn `g nboenos g zgssins- ens pnm tgcibfgcoegbpi bãi hntnbpg we ciezmgpi gbpgbòegbpi `n egbsnhge ~wg zticwtnqne znssnt bn~wgmn icnsoãi" Ens `gqg%sg bipnt ~wg- sghwbì Kimy &4::8/- i >6

tgcibfgcoegbpi g ciezmgegbpntgs"

n

obpgtztgpnèãi

sãi

`wns

izgtnè÷gs

egbpnos

Kimy pnedïe ò{ ~wg i ztóztoi tgcibfgcoegbpi ìs gmgegbpis gvohg cgtpi nztgbò{nì- qospi ~wg n oenhge sg òagtg ì tgnm ~wg gmn tgztgsgbpn" Ztiawbò`n`g- cit- eiqoegbpi- cfgoti- pwì ossi zi`g sg nmpgtnt bn oenhgenssoe bgcgssopnbì `g we nztgbò{nì zntn tgcibfgcgt ns g~woqnmëbcons gbptg oenhge g tgnm" Pnm ~wgspãi bãi ï pãi ztidmgeîpocn- qospi ~wg n cwmpwtn ~wg qoqgeis ï nmpnegbpg qoswnm- nssoe pnm nztgbò{nì sg an{ `g enbgotn bnpwtnm`gs`g bissn obaäbcon- npï n enpwto`n`g" G n qoswnmo{nèãi ï gbpãi gspn cnznco`n`g `g tgcibfgcgt- `g aitent oenhgbs egbpnos" Pgeis n sghwobpg anmn `g Kimy &4::8- z"06/ sidtg n obpgtztgpnèãi `g oenhgbs; Obpgtztgpnt g nbnmosnt wen egbsnhge- bãi cibsospg cgtpnegbpg ge pgbpnt gbcibptnt wen egbsnhge ztï%gvospgbpg- ens ge cieztggb`gt ~wg sohboaocnè÷gs `gpgteobn`n egbsnhge- ge `gpgteobn`ns cotcwbspäbcons- ztiqicn n~wo g nhitn- sgeztg pgbpnbì `gsptobènt i ~wg ï zgssinm ì ~wg ï cimgpoqi"

Pgbì ciei anpi ~wg n oenhge ge so ï wen mobhwnhge- g ~wg zticwtn ptnbseopot wen egbsnhge zntn nmhwïe- sg pitbn bgcgssîtoi ncfnt zntn ~wge gssn egbsnhge aio zti`w{o`n" Nssoe zi`geis ncwewmnt cibfgcoegbpis g biè÷gs bgcgssîtons zntn wen nbîmosg g cieztggbsãi egmfit `n oenhge" Nmïe ì gspwì `n egbsnhge g tgcgzpit- `gqg%sg zibpwnt pnedïe n sobpnvg qoswnmgssgbconm zntn n ctonèãi `ns oenhgbs" @ibòs &4::8/ ò{ ~wg fî cgtpis gmgegbpis g mobfns hgtnos zntn n ctonèãi `n oenhge- gmgegbpis dîsocis ~wgge cibkwbpi cie pïcbocns enbozwmnpoqns- zgteopge n ctonèãi `g egbsnhgbs qoswnos cmntns" Zit pnm eipoqi sg an{ bgcgssîtoi i gspwì `n Hgspnmp bn aitenèãi `n oenhge" Nbpgs `g ~wnm~wgt nztiawb`negbpi- ï obpgtgssnbpg zibpwnt ns itohgbs `gspn gscimn `g zsocimihon"

>?

N Hgspnmp ï wen Gscimn `g Zsocimihon Gvzgtoegbpnm" Cibso`gtn%sg ~wg Qib Gftgbagms- aomósiai qogbgbsg `g aobs ì sïcwmi VOV- aio i ztgcwtsit `n zsocimihon `n Hgspnmp" Enos pnt`g- zit qimpn `g >?>:- pgqg sgw obåcoi enos gagpoqi zit egoi `g ptës biegs ztobcoznos; Env Xgtfgoegt &>66:)>?03/- Ximahnbh Lifmgt &>668)>?0>/ g Lwtp Liaaln &>661)>?0>/- `n Wboqgtso`n`g `g Atnblawtp" &HIEGS AOMFI- 4::0- z">6/

Sghwbì i gspwì `n Hgspnmp- n cibsptwèãi `g wen oenhge pge awb`negbpi bn mgo `g ztghbäbcon `n aiten" Iw sgkn- g~womådtoi- cmntg{nfnteibon qoswnm sãi nmhwens `ns bgcgsso`n`gs fwenbns- sãi awb`negbpis obòszgbsîqgos bn cibsptwèãi `g wen oenhge- sgkn gmn wen idtn zwdmocopîtonhtîaocn- we zti`wpi- wen idtn `g ntpg- iw ~wnm~wgt iwptn ctonèãi qoswnm" G nob`n- `g ncitì cie @ibòs; Cnzpneis n obaitenèãi qoswnm `g ewopns enbgotns" Ns aitèns zgtcgzpoqns g cobgspïsocns `g bnpwtg{n aosoimóhocns sãi qopnos zntn i zticgssi qoswnm" Bissn enbgotn `g zgtenbgcgt `g zï- `g bis eiqgteis- nssoe ciei `g tgnhot ê mw{- ê gscwto`ãi iw nis eiqoegbpis dtwscis sãi anpitgs oezitpnbpgs zntn i bissi eiì `g zgtcgdgt g obpgtztgpnt egbsnhgbs qoswnos" Pi`ns gssns tgszispns sãi bnpwtnos g npwne sge gsaitèis< bãi pgeis `g gspw`î%mns g bge nztgb`gt n `î%mns \"""U gvospg wen cittgszib`ëbcon gbptg n it`ge ~wg i ztikgpospn gscimfg zntn òsptodwot is gmgegbpis `g swn ”ciezisoèãi― g is zn`t÷gs `g ithnbo{nèãi- `gsgbqimqoìs zgmi sospgen bgtqisi" Gspns ithnbo{nè÷gs- itohobîtons `n gsptwpwtn cgtgdtnm- sãi- ziosgszibpäbgns- bãi ntdoptîtons- ob`gzgb`gbpgegbpg `g bissn qibpn`g g `g ~wnm~wgt nztgbò{nì" &HIEGS AOMFI- 4::0- z">8/

Nssoe cibcmwåeis i ~wg aio gspw`nì ncoen- n mgopwtn qoswnm icittg `g òqgtsns enbgotns- g `g aiten ewopns qg{gs gszibpäbgn- bnpwtnm- qospi ~wg `gs`g ctonbèns siei g`wcnìs n gspn mgopwtn- `gs`g ctonbèns mgeis oenhgbs n piì eiegbpi" Tgpitbnbì n Hgspnmp- gmn pge aitpg npwnèãi bis gspwìs `g zgtcgzèãi`g aiten- mobhwnhge- gbptg iwptis cnezis- piìs bgcgssîtois zntn i gspwì g wen nbîmosg enos ciezmgpn `g wen oenhge- nmïe `g swn ctonèãi" Gspn pgiton ztiz÷g wen tgszispn ni anpi `g ~wg cgtpns aitens nhtn`ne enos is tgcgzpitgs ~wg iwptns" Sghwbì Hiegs Aomfi &4::0/ pnm gspwì iz÷g%sg ni swdkgpoqosei~wnbì zticwtn gvzmocnt n tgmnèãi gbptg swkgopi g idkgpi bi cnezi `n zgtcgzèãi g `n aiten"

4:

N zntpot `gspns mgos ~wg gspw`ntgeis n sghwot ~wg ctoneis we swzitpg zntn n mgopwtn qoswnm- pnos mgos ptndnmfne sid i cibcgopi `g ztghbäbcon `n aiteng pge ge sgw nwvåmoi nmhwens cnpghitons obpgtgssnbpgs zntn n nbîmosg ztizispn bgspn zgs~wosn- ciei soezmoco`n`g g eoboeo`n`g" Ens nbpgs `gqgeis `gaobot i cibcgopi `g wbo`n`g- iw wbo`n`gs" Hiegs Aomfi &4::0/ ò{ ~wg wbo`n`g zi`g sgt we ûboci gmgegbpi- ~wg sg gbcgttn ge so egsei- iw ciei zntpg `g we piì- `g we cibkwbpi `g gmgegbpis" Zi`g pnedïe sgt gbpgbò`n ciei i idkgpi pnedïe- iw sgkn- i cibkwbpi ìs gmgegbpis" Zi`geis zgtcgdgt pnos wbo`n`gs sgzntnbì%ns nptnqïs `g òqgtsis gmgegbpis ciei; zibpis- mobfns- qimwegscitgs g pibs- pgvpwtns- gbptg iwptis- osimnìs iw ciedobnìs" Gbpãi- zntn nbnmosnt is gmgegbpis- ï bgcgssîtoi sghtghî%mis- iw sgzntî%mis- ciei aio qospi ncoen- zntn wen ancomopnèãi bi gspwì g cieztggbsãi ì idkgpi" Iwpti cibcgopi oezitpnbpg ï i `g wboaocnèãi- ~wg cibsospg bn ohwnm`n`g iw sgegmfnbèn zti`w{oìs zgmi idkgpi" N wboaocnèãi sg an{ ~wnbì pgeis fnteibon- g~womådtoi- cigtëbcon `g mobhwnhge bi idkgpi" &HIEGS AOMFI- 4::0z"3>/ Cie n o`gon `g wboaocnèãi- pgeis pnedïe i agcfnegbpi- idpoì zgmn cibpobwo`n`g `g wen it`ge gsptwpwtnm- cibspopwobì wen aohwtn enos ciezmgpn aitenbì wbo`n`gs" Ï n ctonèãi `g we g~womådtoi gbptg ns wbo`n`gs ~wg zissodomopn pnos cibcgopis" Nzgsnt `g pgteis enos mgos cibcgopwnos- ciei cibpobwo`n`gztivoeo`n`g- iw sgegmfnbèn- `govneis n~wo `gaobo`ns ns mgos enos wpomo{n`ns g ~wg sg pitbne ztgsgbpgs bis cntpn{gs eoboenmospns- nmïe `n mgo dîsocn `g ztghbäbcon `n aiten" G ptnpnbì `gspn mgo nhitn- zi`geis `gaobo%mn ciei mgo dîsocn `n Hgspnmp"

Wen din ztghbäbcon ztgsswz÷g ~wg n ithnbo{nèãi aitenm ì idkgpibi sgbpoì zsocimóhoci- pgb`gtî n sgt sgeztg n egmfit zissåqgm ì zibpi `g qospn gsptwpwtnm" Iw sgkn- ~wnbpi egmfit ait n ithnbo{nèãiegmfit sgtî i htnw `g ztghbäbcon ì idkgpi- g qocg%qgtsn" &HIEGS AOMFI- 4::0- z"38/

4>

Iw sgkn- wen din ztghbäbcon ï wen nssiconèãi gmgqn`n gbptg fnteibon g g~womådtoi qoswnm- hgtnìs nptnqïs `ns iwptns mgos g cnpghitons cibcgopwnos gspw`n`ns bn Hgspnmp- g gvptgenegbpg bgcgssîtons zntn i fiege" Sghwbì @ibòs &4::8/- i g~womådtoi ï pãi awb`negbpnm bn bnpwtg{n ~wnbpi bi fiegenaobnm ï i gspnì izispi ni cimnzsi- ês sgbsnè÷gs twobs hgtn`ns zgmi `gsg~womådtoi g anmpn `g fnteibon" Zntn we gspwì nztiawb`nì nhitn bns òpns cnpghitons- ï bgcgssîtoi `gaobot egmfit i pgtei ”aiten―; Pwì i ~wg zi`g sgt qospi g)iw picnì- ~wg icwzg gsznèi g ~wg pgbfn aitenpi- pnenbfi- cit- pgvpwtn g òtgèãi< enbgotn zgmn ~wnm ns ciosns ì ewbì sg nztgsgbpne ê zgtcgzèãi fwenbn< enbgotn wpomo{n`n zntn ptnbseopot wen egbsnhge zit ~wnm~wgt egoi `g gvztgssãi" Hgtnmegbpg ï tgcibfgco`n ciei we gmgegbpi ~wgqoswnmegbpg- sg òspobhwg `g we awbì" &BIKOEN- 4:>4- z" 0?/

Gbpãi zi`geis ò{gt ~wg n aiten ï n oenhge qosåqgm g n nzntëbcon gvpgtbn ì idkgpi ~wg gspneis qgbì" Gspw`neis ns mgos dîsocns `n Hgspnmp sgeztg nssicon`ns n nmhwens cnpghitons cibcgopwnos- ~wg pge i znzgm `g nwvomont g ciezmgegbpî%mnsztobcoznmegbpg n mgo `n ztghbäbcon `n aiten" N fnteibon ï wen `ns enos dîsocns g gssgbconos cnpghitons ~wg qgtgeis- gmn bn`n enos ï ~wg n din ithnbo{nèãi gbptg is gmgegbpis ciezibì i idkgpi iw aiten- hgtnbì wen mgopwtn enos cmntn g soezmoaocn`n" Nwvomonbì bgspg egsei cnezi pgeis i g~womådtoi- kî qospi ncoen- ~wg Hiegs Aomfi &4::0/ `gaobg ciei n ciezgbsnèãi gbptg piìs is anpitgs ~wg ciez÷ge i idkgpi- sgkn gmg zgsi- òtgèãi- soegptonpi`ns ns zntpgs nmo ztgsgbpgs sg pitbne ”gssgbconos― zntn i idkgpi" Gssgbconm pnedïe ï i cibptnspg- cibsghwoì nptnqïs ì wsi `g citgszisocoibnegbpi- topeis- gbptg iwptis" Hiegs Aomfi &4::0/ i `gaobg ciei gsptnpïhon qoswnm zntn nhwènt i sohboaocnì- dwscn nptnot n npgbèãi- cnwsnbì we `gsg~womådtoi gbptg is gmgegbpis `n oenhge"

44

Nhitn anmgeis `g 3 `ns cnpghitons enos wpomo{n`ns zntn n ctonèãi ìs cntpn{gs eoboenmospns ~wg bis ztizieis n nbnmosnt; cmntg{n- soezmoco`n`g g eoboeo`n`g" Pi`ns gmns pëe ciei idkgpoqi i g~womådtoi qoswnm g fnteðboci" N cmntg{n zi`g sgt npobho`n nptnqïs `g wen ithnbo{nèãi g wboaocnèãi `g sgws gmgegbpis- nssoe ciei n soezmoco`n`g g n eoboeo`n`g ~wg ztghne i wsi `g ziwcis gmgegbpis g obaitenè÷gs qoswnos- nssoe gssns 3 cnpghitonos sg pitbne ciezmgegbpntgs- naobnm- npobhobì wen sg npobhotî n iwptn- `gs`g ~wg sg enbpgbfn sgeztg cmntn n egbsnhge n sgt ndit`n`n g wpomo{nbì is gmgegbpis `g ncitì cie i tgcgzpit n sgt npobhoì g ns gszgcoaocnè÷gs ì cnbnm `g ciewbocnèãi n sgt wpomo{nì" Hiegs Aomfi &4::0/- bi gbpnbpi- mgedtn ~wg pnos cnpghitons zi`ge egmfitnt iw zoitnt n ztghbäbcon `n oenhge- `gzgb`gbì ì eiì ciei sãi wpomo{n`ns- naobnm pi`ns ns cnpghitons n~wo pge sgw izispi- ciei n fnteibon g n `gsnteibon- i g~womådtoi g i `gsg~womådtoi" 4"3" I Cntpn{ zgmn Fospóton g Cobgen

I cntpn{- ciei `gsohb htîaoci- zgtpgbcg ê cnpghiton `n nztgsgbpnèãi g ztieièãi- bn ~wnm oenhge g znmnqtn ztgcosne sgt gcibðeocns g gspnt qobcwmn`n n we sohboaocnì ûboci g aîcom `g sgt mgedtnì" &FIMMOS- 4::>- z">3/ Eimgs &4::7/ i cibso`gtn n oenhge `n sicog`n`g wtdnbn- we ciezibgbpg gspïpoci bi bissi nedogbpg" Nob`n sghwbì Eimgs &4::7/ i cntpn{ sg cntncpgto{n zgmi anpi `g bwbcn gspnt só- iw sgkn- sgt sgeztg zti`w{oì ge nmhwen gscnmn" Pnm cibcgzèãi ewìw we ziwci cie i htnb`g ctgscoegbpi `n obpgtbgp g ìs siapxntgs `g cibsptwèãi htîaocn" Cie gmgs bãi ï enos bgcgssîtoi ctont wen zti`wèãi ge we bûegti aovi- sgkn gmn htnb`g iw zg~wgbn- `g cózons- n zti`wèãi `gmgs ï agopn nptgmn`n ê `genb`n" Ospi bi cnsi `g cntpn{gs ctonìs sge we cwbfi zwtnegbpg zwdmocopîtoi- zios bgspgs nob`n fî n bgcgsso`n`g `g zti`wèãi ge gscnmn enoit zntn naovnèãi ge qîtois zibpis" @g wen aiten enos gvnpn- zi`geis `gaobot i cntpn{ ciei htnb`gs aimfns `g znzgm oeztgssns cie egbsnhgbs htîaoci%qoswnos" Sghwbì Mgopg 43

&4::?/- i pnenbfi `g we cntpn{ bãi ï ztiztonegbpg i sgw pnenbfi aåsoci- ens n òegbsãi ~wg icwzn `gbpti ì cnezi qoswnm `gspobnì zntn n swn gvzisoèãi" Iw sgkn- we cntpn{ bãi ncndn ge so- ge sgws moeopgs aåsocis- ens bi cnezi ge ~wg gspî ztgsgbpg- bi nedogbpg ge ~wg aio naovnì- `gzgb`g `n enbgotn cie ~wg aitn naovnì- `n ~wnbpo`n`g `g mw{ bi nedogbpg- ì eiqoegbpi bi mwhnt zntn ns swns obpgtztgpnè÷gs" Naobnm- Mgopg naoten ~wg i cntpn{ ï we znptoeðboi ì nedogbpg wtdnbi" I cntpn{ obocon sgw zticgssi `g ciewbocnèãi cie i imfnt" G zntn cib~wospnt gssg imfnt `gqgeis `gszgtpnt n zntpocoznèãi ì idsgtqnìt bi ztggbcfoegbpi ìs ”gsznèis qn{ois― `govnìs zit gmg" I zûdmoci pge ~wg zntpocoznt `n ctonèãi `n egbsnhge- gmg `gqg aitewmî%mn `n enbgotn ~wg egmfit cibsghwot- nptnqïs ìs gmgegbpis ztgsgbpgs bi cntpn{"

I ztikgpi ì cntpn{ gvohg eûmpozmis gsaitèis- zit qg{gs ge òtgè÷gs òqgthgbpgs" Gmg `gqg sgt sobpïpoci- `g eiì n nptnot i imfnt obspnbpäbgi ì znssnbpg- zios òszwpn swn npgbèãi ge nedogbpgs cnttghnìs `g iwptis gspåewmis< gmg ï o`gbpo`n`g g- ni egsei pgeziciegbpîtoi sidtg i gqgbpi ni ~wnm sg tgagtg< g- ge ûmpoen obspäbcongmg ï zgèn ztieicoibnm- cibawbòbì%sg bgssn pntgan cie n zwdmoco`n`g" &Egmi- 4::7- z" 0>/

Npï egnìs ì sïcwmi VOV n oeztgssãi `g cntpn{gs gtn agopn zit pozihtnaon- ciei moqtis nbpohis- g vomihtnaon- ~wnbì gtn wsn`n nmhwen oenhgenpï ~wg bi aobnm ì sïcwmi n mopihtnaon sg pitbiw zizwmnt- pgbì n zissodomo`n`g `g wsnt citgs bis cntpn{gs" Sghwbì Fimmos &4::>/ n zntpot `gspn ïzicn is ntpospns zobpnqne `gsohbs `g zðspgtgs- cfghnbì n wpomo{nt npï >7 citgs- ge òagtgbpgs zg`tns mopihtîaocns- wen zntn cn`n cit- cie n zissodomo`n`g `g tgzti`w{ot pi`n n hnen `g citgs `ns zobpwtns î ómgi" @gqgeis pnos nqnbèis n aitpg ob`wsptonmo{nèãi g ns tgqimwè÷gs ob`wsptonos ~wg qobfne icittgbì `gs`g i aobnm ì sïcwmi VQOOO" Bi aobnm ì sïcwmi VOV pgeis htnb`gs obamwëbcons `n ntpg nsoîpocn bn Gwtizn- `gqoì nis cieïtcois gbptg is ìos cibpobgbpgs- zissodomopnbì biqns enbgotns `g ndit`nt gsznèi- citgs- pgens- ewopns qg{gs òagtgbpgs ì ~wg sg gspnqn ncispwenì n ptndnmfnt bi ico`gbpg" &EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?- z"403/ 40

Pnm obamwëbcon g i wsi `ns cntncpgtåspocns nsoîpocns znssiw n sgt cfnen`n `g knzibosei bn qotn`n ì sïcwmi- g gspg gspomi pgqg htnb`g obamwëbcon bi eiqoegbpi `n Ntp Biwqgnw 8 " Bgspn ïzicn- pgeis ge Kwmgs Cfïtgp &Aohwtn 3/ we htnb`g gvgezmi" Nztgbò{ `g mopihtnaon- znssiw n ctont sgws ztóztois cntpn{gs bi aobnm ì sïc" VOV" Gmgs pobfne ciei cntncpgtåspocns i wsi `g wen ûbocn aohwtn- cie i wsi `g ziwcns znmnqtns" Ns aohwtns gtne `gsgbfn`ns moqtgegbpg- sge wen ztgicwznèãi cie ns mgos wswnos `g zgtszgcpoqn" Cie i eiqoegbpi `n Ntp Biwqgnw- aitens ithäbocns- amitnos g ageobobns gtne ztgsgbpgs bis ptndnmfis ìs ntpospns" Bgspgs pgezis Zntos gtn cibso`gtn`n n cnzopnm ntpåspocn ì ewbìn obamwëbcon ~wg is cntpn{gs zntosogbsgs cnwsntne aio agbiegbnm- cie cntpn{ospns `g piì i ewbì nìtnbì%n" Cie i nen`wtgcoegbpi `gspg gspomi- ~wg sg pitbiw dnsg zntn n ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs bn Gwtizn g Gspnìs Wboìs- gmg aio nìpnì zit iwptis ntpospnsgbptg is ~wnos pgeis Fgbto `g Piwmiwsg%Mnwptgc- ~wg ndtow biqis cneobfis zntn n ctonèãi ìs cntpn{gs- ztobcoznmegbpg cie sgw cntpn{ Mn Hiwmwg nw Eiwmob Tiwhg &Aohwtn 0/"

We zn`tãi òbäeoci `g zmnbis cfnznìs – somfwgpn ìs gszgcpnìtgs ge ztgpi- iqnos nentgmns zntn ns mweobîtons g ns tiwzns `g dnovi pipnmegbpg dtnbcns `n aneisn `nbèntobn `g cnbcã~wg sg nztgsgbpnqn `g tiwzn åbpoen ptnbszntgbpg iw ndgtpn – eiqg% sg fito{ibpnmegbpg nptnqïs ì cgbpti ì cntpn{" \"""UBgssg entci ì `gsohb `g cntpn{gs- aitens soedómocns soezmoaocn`ns g tgmnè÷gs gsznconos òbäeocns ciez÷ge oenhgbs gvztgssoqns g ciewbocnpoqns" &EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?- z" 476/

8

Gspomi obpgtbncoibnm oboconì zit qimpn `g >66: cie ~wnmo`n`gs qoswnos ithäbocns g bnpwtnos ge swns aitens" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))h`f"4tsimwpoibs"c{)2" Ncgssi ge; :? @g{" 4:>4"

47

Aohwtn 3 % Itzfïg nwv Gbagts" Gba gts" Kwmgs Cfgtïp- >68?"

Aibpg; EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?z"47:

Aohwtn 0 % Mn Hiwmwg nw Eimob Tiwhg" Piwmisg Mnwptgc>6?> "

Aibpg; EGHHS< ZWTQOS4::?- z"47?

We zibpi obpgtgssnbpg zntn sg bipnt ge tgmnèãi n gspg eiqoegbpi ntpåspoci ï ~wg cie gmg pi`n n îtgn `g zobpwtn pitbiw%sg wen swzgtaåcog ewopns qg{gs pgvpwto{n`n- ptndnmfn`n cie ns cwtqns g itbnegbpis cntncpgtåspocis ì eiqoegbpi" Iwpti ntpospn ~wg sg `gspnciw bgspn ïzicn cie sgws cntpn{gs aio Nmzfibsg Ewcfn &Aohwtn 7/" Cie we ptndnmfi gvptgenegbpg mohnì ni Ntp Biwqgnw - pobfn ciei pgen ìeobnbpg n aohwtn `g ewmfgtgs- sgeztg nssicon`ns n aitens `g amitgs g eisnocis"

Sgw ptndnmfi aio pãi obamwgbpg ~wg ge >?:: n gvztgssãi Mg spymg Ewcfn znssiw n sgt ciewegbpg geztghn`n `g eiì obpgtcnedoîqgm cie m‟ntp biwqgnw" &EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?- z" 414/

Nmïe òssi- Ewcfn pnedïe ptndnmfnqn n pozihtnaon- ctonbì mgptns `g aiten ctonpoqn ge sgws cntpn{gs"

41

Aohwtn 7 % Cntpn{ ìs znzïos zntn cohntti Kid" Nmaibs Ewcfn- >6?6"

Aibpg; EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?z"413

Aohwtn 1 % Cntpn{ zti`wpi nmoegbpåcoi Ptizib" Fgbto qnb `g Qgm`g- >6??"

Aibpg; EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?z"483

Iwptn htnb`g obamwëbcon bn Ntp Biwqgnw qgoi nptnqïs ì fimnb`ës Fgbto qnb `g Qgm`g &Aohwtn 1/" Sgw ptndnmfi nhtghnqn `gs`g ns aitens ithäbocnsobszotnè÷gs bnpwtnos- npï zn`t÷gs mobgntgs- tåpeocis" Sghwbì Eghhs g Zwtqos &4::?/- gmg sg pitbiw ztgcwtsit `n zobpwtn ì sïcwmi VV- ztgbwbconbì ptndnmfis `g Lnbòbslo g n gvztgssãi ndsptnpn" Sgw ptndnmfi cie cntpn{gs ï zg~wgbi- pgbì agopi nzgbns we cntpn{ zntn we zti`wpi nmoegbpåcoi- ens ni obqïs `g tgptnpnt i zti`wpi `n enbgotn ciewe ê ïzicn- gmg gbqimqgw i gszgcpnìt nptnqïs `g aitens g citgs soedómocns" Pgeis gbpãi n Ztoegotn Hwgttn Ewbònm- ib`g is cntpn{gs ctonìs wpomo{nqne we `gsohb enos ei`gtbi g gcibðeoci- cie atnsgs `g gagopismihnbs wsnìs `g aiten cmntn g aitpg" @wtnbpg gmn is hiqgtbis aitne htnb`gs wpomo{nìtgs `g cntpn{gs- wsnbì%is zntn an{gt ztiznhnb`ns- obcgbpoqnt is gsaitèis zntn n hwgttn g `nt aitèn ni ziqi" Ï obpgtgssnbpg bipnt ~wg- egsei ~wg is gspomis ìs znåsgs ge hwgttn bãi aissge is egseis- i nsswbpi gtn tgcittgbpg g ciewe n piìs" We ìs cntpn{gs enos aneisis sidtg tgctwpnegbpi &g zntnatnsgnì iw zntiònì npï fikg/ ï i `g tgctwpnegbpi gspn`wbo`gbsg &Aohwtn 8/" Bgmg we fiege- nzgmo`nì `g ”Poi Sne― nzibpn bn 48

swn òtgèãi- `g aiten nwpitopîton- cie we pgvpi ò{gbì ”^wgti qicë bi gvïtcopi ìs Gspnìs Wboìs―" Pnm cntpn{ aio dnsgnì ge iwpti- ctonì bn Htã% Dtgpnbfn &Aohwtn 6/- ib`g i sgw eobospti `n hwgttn cfnenqn qicë zntn n hwgttn- cie is ò{gtgs ”Sgw znås ztgcosn `g qicë―" &FIMMOS- 4::>- z" 3:/" Is cntpn{gs `gsgezgbfntone n egsen pntgan nmhwbs nbis `gzios- `wtnbpg n Sghwb`n Hwgttn Ewbònm- ib`g pgeis i htnb`g gvgezmi ìs cntpn{gs Lggz Cnme nb` Cntty Ib "

Aohwtn 8 % O Xnbp _iw ait W"S Ntey" Knegs Eibphiegty>?>8"

Aohwtn 6 – Dtopibs Xnbps _iw" Nmatg` Mggpg- >?>0"

Aibpg; FIMM_- 4::>- z"38

Aibpg; FIMM_- 4::>- z"38

@wtnbpg g nzós n Ztoegotn Hwgttn Ewbònm aio `nì we gezwttãi bi `gsohb htîaoci g bn ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs ciegtconos" Sghwbì Eghhs g Zwtqos &4::?/- `gs`g i obåcoi ì sïcwmi VV is `gsohbs bis cntpn{gs gtne pnedïe cizonìs ge aopns n`gsoqns g n`nzpnì zntn gednmnhgbs" We htwzi `g `gsohbgts ge Dgtmob tgqimwcoibiw gssg cnezi wpomo{nbì i ztóztoi idkgpi n sgt qgbòì ciei oenhge- g ciei pgvpi nzgbns n entcn ì zti`wpi- bwe gspomi `gbieobnì Zmnlnpspom &”gspomi ge cntpn{―/" Ciei htnb`g bieg `gspg gspomipgeis Mwconb Dgtbfnt`- cie ptndnmfis zntn n entcn `g aósaitis Ztogspgt &Aohwtn ?/- dge cibfgcoìs- ib`g wsiw `n soezmoco`n`g zntn znssnt n

46

egbsnhge- cie n ciewbocnèãi agopn nptnqïs `g ìos znmopis `g aósaiti g n entcn Ztogspgt gsctopn"

Aohwtn ? – Ztogspgt Enpcf" Mwconb Dgtbfnt`- >?:7" Aibpg; EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?- z"308

Pgeis bn Tûsson- `wtnbpg gspn ïzicn- i swthoegbpi ì Cibsptwpoqosei Twssi6 g i nwegbpi ì wsi `n aipieibpnhge- cie `gspn~wg zntn Hwspnq Lmwpsos" Gmg geztghnqn n aipieibpnhge nmon`n n gspnpåspocns- gmgegbpis htîaocis g aipihtîaocis" Ï obpgtgssnbpg bipnt ~wg bgssg wsi i sohboaocnì `ns oenhgbs zi`gton sgt cieztggbòì sge n mgopwtn `g smihnbs iw mghgb`ns" Ns znmnqtns g bûegtis nzmocnìs `nqne we sohboaocnì enos gszgcåaoci- ens gtn sgcwb`îtoi ge tgmnèãi ês oenhgbs egpnaótocns wpomo{n`ns" &FIMMOS- 4::>- z" 08/ Zi`geis bipnt n~wo ~wg ns oenhgbs cnttghnqne i sohboaocnì enoit- i nthwegbpi- n egbsnhge n sgt znssn`n- i eiqoegbpi cibsptwpoqospn enbpobfn wen ztgicwznèãi cie n cmntg{n `ns oenhgbs ni `nt sgw sohboaocnì" Nzós n hwgttn pgeis i gvztgssoibosei ? g i `n`nåsei ciei htnb`gs eiqoegbpis eiqoegbpis ntpåspocis" 6

Oboconì bn Tûsson ge >?>?- tgkgopnqn n o`gon `g ntpg nwpðbien" Gtn n anqit `g wsî%mn zntn ztîpocns siconos" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))h`f"4tsimwpoibs"c{)2" Ncgssi ge; 4: Iwp) 4:>4" ? Eiqoegbpi ì obåcoi ì sïcwmi VV- swthow ciei `gsìdtnegbpi ì zós%oeztgssoibosei- pge ciei cntncpgtåspocn n `gaitenèãi `n oenhge qoswnm g citgs qodtnbpgs" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))g`wcncni"wim"cie"dt)òscozmobns)ntpgs)gvztgssoibosei%cntncpgtospocns%g% nwpitgs"fpe2" Ncgssi ge; :? @g{" 4:>4"

4?

Zðspgtgs- moqtis g kitbnos zti`w{oìs zit ntpospns gvztgssoibospns cntncpgto{nqne%sg zit wen omwsptnèãi nhtgssoqn- `g qoimgbpis cibptnspgs- ~wg gtn ciedobn`n cie mgptns `gsgbfn`ns moqtgegbpg iw cie pozis zgsnìs- `gsgbfnìs itohobnmegbpg zntn nbûbcois zwdmocopîtois" &FIMMOS- 4::>- z" 76/

Zntnmgmnegbpg pgeis i awpwtosei >: icittgbì bn Gwtizn- oboconbì wen ew`nbèn bi wsi `n pozihtnaon- `g aiten enos moqtg- gsznmfn`n bi mnyiwp- cie aibpgs ge zgsis òagtgbpgs g eospwtnbì cnovns nmpns g dnovns"

Ï ztgcosi `gsptwot n sobpnvg g gsznmfnt is swdspnbpoqis ni ncnsi""" Ï ztgcosi wsnt obaobopoqis""" Ï ztgcosi ndimot i n`kgpoqi""" Ndimot i n`qïtdoi""" Ï ztgcosi ~wg sg cibawb`n `gmodgtn`negbpg i idkgpi cie n oenhge ~wg gmg gqicn""" Ï ztgcosi npï egsei ndimot n zibpwnèãi" &FIMMOS- 4::>- z" 03/

Pnm wsi `n pozihtnaon sg pitbntî tgagtëbcon zntn n ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs egsei bis pgezis npwnos- ib`g n pozihtnaon sg awb`g n oenhge- sg pitbn wen oenhge gmn egsen" Gssg aio we ntpoaåcoi ewopi wpomo{nì bn zigson awpwtospn- g zi`geis qgt wen nzmocnèãi `gspg cibcgopi- enos npwnmo{nì- bi sghwobpg cntpn{;

>:

Eiqoegbpi ntpåspoci oboconì bn Opîmon `wtnbpg i ciegèi ì sïcwmi VV- ztg{nqn zit cibcgopis ì awpwti `n pgcbimihon- cie qgmico`n`g- pgcbimihon- kwqgbpw`g g qoimëbcon ciei sgws zomntgs dîsocis" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))h`f"4tsimwpoibs"c{)2" Ncgssi ge; 4: Iwp" 4:>4"

3:

Aohwtn >: – Xfnp Aitcg sfnzgs yiw9 Gspûòi F%78- 4:>4" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))xxx"f% 78"cie)pfg%aitcg%ia%pyzihtnzfy)2 Ncgssi ge; >7 Eno" 4:>4

Pgeis bis nbis 3: wen òeobwoèãi bn oezitpäbcon ìs cntpn{gs" Sghwbì Fimmos &4::>/- cie i swthoegbpi `ns nhëbcons `g ztiznhnb`nztoegotnegbpg bis Gspnìs Wboìs- g `gzios sg gsznmfnbì zgmn Gwtiznfiwqg òeobwoèãi bi ptndnmfi obòqo`wnm g bn ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs- qospi ~wg i ptndnmfi gtn agopi ge g~wozg g fiwqg htnb`g nwegbpi bi wsi `ns tgqospnsib`g gtne agopis is nbûbcois" Pnm wsi nwegbpiw nob`n enos bis nbis zós% hwgttn &Sghwb`n Hwgttn Ewbònm/ cie ns tgqospns mgqnbì ns bipåcons enos ancomegbpg n piìs- sg pitbnbì we ìs enoitgs cnezis `g npwnèãi ì `gsohb htîaoci zit we die pgezi" Gtn i `gsohb `g obaitenèãi g i `gsohb ciegtconm ctgscgbì cn`n qg{ enos" Is znåsgs sg eisptnqne gvptgenegbpg hmidnmo{nìs- i gszåtopi obpgtbncoibnmospn ctgscon- swthobì nssoe htnb`gs ewmpobncoibnos- izgtnbì ge enos `g >:: znåsgs" &EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?z"06:/ N qgmico`n`g `n ciewbocnèãi cimnditnqn zntn cibgcpnt pi`ns ns tgho÷gs ì ewbì- nssoe sg pitbnbì bgcgssîton wen ciewbocnèãi enos cmntnsoezmgs- ~wg aissg ewmpomåbhwg- cie i wsi `g såedimis gbpgb`åqgos bi ewbì obpgoti &is aneisis zocpihtnens/" Bn `ïcn`n `g 7: g 1: fiwqg i nwegbpi bi wsi ì `gsohb bn òqwmhnèãi `g aomegs zntn cobgen- ~wg nhitn sg wpomo{nqn `g cneznbfns enoitgs zntn 3>

òqwmhnèãi" Pgeis ge Snwm Dnss &Aohwtn >>/ we htnb`g gvgezmi `g ew`nbèns bn ctonèãi" Sghwbì Fimmos &4::>/- gmg wpomo{nqn ns enos qnton`ns pïcbocns`gs`g we soezmgs tgcitpg npï wen siaospocn`n aipi `g gspûòi- cnzpnbì n gssëbcon `g cn`n aomeg agopi- ctonbì tgmgopwtns ì ~wg sg qon bi aomeg- ciei ï i cnsi ì Nbnpiey Ia N Ewt`gt &>?7?/- òtohoì zit Ippi Ztgeobhgt"

Aohwtn >> – Nbnpiey ia n Ewt`gt" Snwm Dnss- >?7?" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))gb"xolozgòn"ith)xolo)Nbnpiey YiaYnYEwt`gt2 Ncgssi ge; >7 Eno" 4:>4

Bgspg egsei zgtåiì pgeis i swthoegbpi `n pgmgqosãi- iw sgkn- wen biqn eåòn zntn n zwdmoco`n`g- g pnedïe i `n oeztgssãi iaasgp >>zissodomopnbì enoit wsi `g citgs bns ztiznhnb`ns oeztgssns- biqns zissodomo`n`gs ctonpoqns" Ns oenhgbs znssntne n ìeobnt i pgvpi- n cit `nqn biqis gagopis n pwì"

>>

I sospgen `g iaasgp awbcoibn cie enpto{gs zti`w{o`ns cie ns egsens cntncpgtåspocns `n mopihtnaon g wsnbì cfnzns `g nmweåboi ciei egoi `g htnqnèãi g ptnbsagtëbcon `g oenhge" Ï i ztobcoznm zticgssi `g oeztgssãi `gs`g n sghwb`n egpn`g ì sïcwmi 4:- g i enos wsnì bi e wbì- pnbpi zntn gednmnhgbs ciei zntn oeztgssis" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))cficimn`gsohb"cie)zticgssis%`g%oez =fppz;))cficimn`gsohb"cie)zticgssis%`g%oeztgssni%72" tgssni%72" Ncgssi ge; 47 Ndt" 4:>4" 34

Cie n Hwgttn Aton icittgbì- ztobcoznmegbpg bi aobnm ìs nbis 1: g obåcoi ìs 8:- qgeis wen qimpn zi`gtisn ìs cntpn{gs ciei aiten `g ztipgspiwpomo{nèãi zimåpocn g `g cieièãi zûdmocn" Bgspg zgtåiì pgeis i zsoci`gmoseicie i wsi `g citgs cibptnspnbpgs- pozihtnaons gspomo{n`ns- `g enbgotn ~wg bãi zw`gssge sgt gbpgbò`ns zit ~wnm~wgt zgssin" Aitenqn%sg bgssn ïzicn i cgbîtoi wb`gthtiwb`" Nmhwbs wsis ztobcoznos ìs cntpn{gs gtne zntn òqwmhnèãi `g sfixs `g ticl- ztipgspis cibptn ns hwgttns icittgbì bi eiegbpi- ciei n ì Qogpbã- ztieièãi `n zn{ g ì neit" N cwmpwtn Fozzog sg gsznmfnqn zgmis Gspnìs Wboìs" Is cntpn{gs gtne ctonìs wsnbì pïcbocns soezmgs g gcibðeocns `g oeztgssãi- ciei n sgtohtnaon- bãi ztgcosnbì enos sgt oeztgssis zit htîaocnszgteopobì wen modgt`n`g bn ctonèãi `gmgs" Sghwbì Fimmos &4::>/- is cntpn{gs zimåpocis g cwmpwtnos `gspn ïzicn pitbntne%sg- nmïe `g we idkgpi `gcitnpoqiwe såedimi `g spnpws g cieztieossi `ns zgssins cie swns o`gimihons- i `gsohb htîaoci znssiw n bãi sgt enos nssiconì nzgbns n obpgtgssgs ciegtconos" I obòqå`wi ziòn ctont g cibptimnt n egbsnhge g sgws egois `g zti`wèãi" Pnedïe bgspn ïzicn pgeis i ptndnmfi `g Znwm Tnb` &Aohwtn >4/cibso`gtnì we ìs zoibgotis ì `gsohb ei`gtbi gspn`wbo`gbsg" Sghwbì Eghhs g Zwtqos &4::?/- Tnb` cibfgcon i qnmit `g sobnos g såedimis ciewbs- iw sgkn- `g gbpgbòegbpi wboqgtsnm- ciei agttnegbpn zntn ctont g ptn`w{ot o`gons bn ciewbocnèãi qoswnm" Zntn gmg i `gsohbgt ztgcosnqn nmpgtnt g sidtgzit sohbis g såedimis- tgobpgtztgpnt n oenhge- awhobì nssoe ì dnbnm" Sgw ptndnmfi wpomo{nqn ns enos qnton`ns mgos `n Hgspnmp- cibptnspgs- agcfnegbpi- fnteibong~womådtoi- ens pnedïe dtobcnqn cie is izispis- sgeztg dwscnbì biqns enbgotns `g ciewbocnt"

33

Aohwtn >4 – Negtocnb Obspopwpg ia Htnzfoc Ntps" Znwm Tnb`- >?16" Aibpg; EGHHS< ZWTQOS- 4::?- z"066

Cie is nbis 8: qogtne is nqnbèis pgcbimóhocis- g i ctgscgbpg wsi ì ciezwpnìt zntn is ptndnmfis `g `gsohb" Ossi zissodomopiw wen biqn enbgotn `g egscmnt aipihtnaons g omwsptnè÷gs- we wsi enos gvpgbsi `g pozihtnaon- cie n zissodomo`n`g `g nten{gbî%mns- is ztihtnens `g gòèãi zgteopone n aîcom nmpgtnèãi `g pozis g swn enbozwmnèãi cie oenhgbs" Sghwbì Fimmos &4::>/- i eocticiezwpnìt pitbiw%sg wen agttnegbpn `g `gsohb" Nzós gspg znbitnen hgtnm `n fospóton ì cntpn{- `gqgeis gbpgb`gt i cntpn{ ~wg nbnmosntgeis bi cnzåpwmi nònbpg" I cntpn{- ciei qospi ncoensgtqon zntn ciewbocnt `g ewopns aitens òagtgbpgs- g cie idkgpoqis òagtgbpgsitn zwdmocopîtoi- itn ztipgspnbpg- gbptg iwptns egbsnhgbs- g is cntpn{gs nbnmosnìs n sghwot gspãi bi cnezi `g npwnèãi cobgenpihtîaoci" Sãi is cntpn{gs tgagtgbpgs n aomegs- ni cobgen- sãi is cntpn{gs ~wg pge ciei egbsnhge wen cwmpwtn- wen fospóton" Qgkneis i sghwobpg cibcgopi `g cntpn{ cwmpwtnm;

Pitbnt%sg we åcibg ì gqgbpi g- soewmpnbgnegbpg- cimnditnt bn cibsptwèãi `g swn o`gbpo`n`g" Gssn cimnditnèãi pge wen zntpocwmnto`n`g; gmn gvohg wen obpgtmicwèãi ì `gsohbgt cie ns mobhwnhgbs gbqimqo`ns bns idtns tgagto`ns zgmi cntpn{ – we òîmihi obpgtbi gbptg ns mobhwnhgbs" Gssn ï wen `ns sg`wè÷gs `g ztikgpnt we 30

cntpn{; tgnmo{nt wen mgopwtn `n idtn ê ~wnm gmg sg tgagtg- zntn- n zntpot `gssn mgopwtn- ztizit wen såbpgsg htîaocn ~wg n nztgsgbpg ni mgopit" &Egmi- 4::7- z" 0>/

N ctonèãi `g we cntpn{ `gqg bãi soezmgsegbpg tgztgsgbpnt- ens an{gt wen tgmgopwtn ì ~wg sg aio ztizispi" Bãi sg `gqg soezmgsegbpg tgztgsgbpnt n gvzgtoëbcon ~wg i gszgcpnìt pgtî cie i cibpgûì ì cntpn{- bi cnsi we aomegens soe nztgsgbpnt wen tgmgopwtn `gspn gvzgtoëbcon- gmn `gqg sgt nbîmihn ni aomeg" G zntn anmnt sidtg i cntpn{ `g cobgen npwnm- ï bgcgssîtoi anmnt sidtg i ztóztoi cobgen" Bis ûmpoeis nbis pgeis qospi htnb`gs nqnbèis bi cnezi cobgenpihtîaoci- cie biqis aitenpis `g aomenhge- ciei i 3@ g i OENV- g zti`wè÷gs cn`n qg{ enos cntns- is cfnenìs dmicldwspgts - aomegs `g htnb`g zitpg" Cibsg~wgbpgegbpg- pnos aomegs gvohge wen nèãi `g entlgpobh egmfit zntn npobhot mwctis- nssoe aiteiw%sg we ”zn`tãi― zntn i cntpn{ npwnm- biegnì zit Egmi &4::7/ `g cntpn{%nbûbcoi" Gspg cntpn{ ptn{ is npitgs ztobcoznos ge wen aipi gòpn`n cibaiteg ns citgs ì aomeg- `geibsptnbì nmo i topei- ns cgtpg{ns ~wg zgtegone gmg" G- ge cibptnzntpo`n- pgeis i ~wg Egmi cfnen `g cntpn{%cnzn" Ï i cntpn{ ~wg ztieiqg wen tgmgopwtn ì aomeg- wen biqn obpgtztgpnèãi- bãi fî cgtpg{ns- ens swhgsp÷gs" Nzgsnt `ns òagtgbèns- `gqg sgt zibpwnì ~wg is ìos pëe n cntncpgtåspocn `g qgb`gt- iw òqwmhnt- i aomeg- i ~wg ew`n gbptg gmgs ï ciei g ~wnos mobhwnhgbs sãi wpomo{n`ns zntn an{ë%mi" N zntpot `gspgs ìos cibcgopis ge tgmnèãi nis cntpn{gs cobgenpihtîaocisgbptneis bi cnezi ìs cntpn{gs eoboenmospns" I cntpn{ eoboenmospn n~wo sgtî cibso`gtnì we cntpn{%cnzn- qospi ~wg pge ns cntncpgtåspocns tgmncoibn`ns n gspg pozi `g cntpn{" Bãi sãi tgztgsgbpnè÷gs gvnpns ì aomeg- cie is npitgs cmntis- iw- ciei òpi ncoen- qnmito{nbì ns cgtpg{ns ì aomeg" Is cntpn{gs eoboenmospns zticwtne nhwènt i zûdmoci `g wen aiten enos gboheîpocn- bãi pge ciei ztobcoznm idkgpoqi n qgb`n ì aomegens soe gqicnt n cwtoiso`n`g `g 37

~wge i që iw qow- sgw cntîpgt sgtî enos nztgconì nob`n zntn ~wge kî zisswo we tgzgtpótoi ge tgmnèãi ni aomeg tgagtoì"

31

3" N @OSBG_ G I CNTPN[>4 N @osbgy- ciei cibfgcgeis fikg- pgqg swn itohge zit qimpn `g >?4:" Xnmp @osbgy- ctonìt `n geztgsn- ~wg `gs`g kiqge qgbòn `gsgbfis n sgws qo{obfis- ciegèiw swns ztoegotns nboenè÷gs ge >?44- dnsocnegbpg cwtpns ~wg cotcwmnqn ge wen zg~wgbn cn`gon `g cobgens" &BN@GT- 4::>- z" 0>/ Cie i swcgssi npobhoì bgspgs cobgens- @osbgy znssiw n ctont pnedïe aomegs mibhis g mihi aio zntn Fimmyxii`" Sghwbì Bn`gt &4::>/- mî gmg awbìw i gspûòi @osbgy Dtis - g ns ztoegotns nboenè÷gs cton`ns nmo gtne zti`w{o`ns obpgotnegbpg zit gmg g swn g~wozg" @osbgy- `gs`g sgws ztoegotis aomegs- sgeztg sg obpgtgssiw enos zgmns nboenè÷gs- g aio ptndnmfnbì cie gmns ~wg ewìw i bieg ì gspûòi zntn i ~wg cibfgcgeis fikg- Pfg Xnmp @osbgy Spwòi &BN@GT- 4::>- z"0?/ " Nzós gspn ew`nbèn n geztgsn ctgscgw cn`n qg{ enos- ctonbì sgws ztoegotis zgtsibnhgbs ocðbocis- ciei Eoclgy Eiwsg - ctonì ge >?46- i kiqge cnewbìbhi ~wg ï- npï fikg- såedimi `n geztgsn g sgw enoit zgtsibnhge" Sghwbì Bn`gt &4::>/- aitne qîtois is cwtpns tgnmo{nìs cie i zgtsibnhge- g cn`n aomeg ptn{on biqns cntns zntn i zûdmoci" Ens aio ge >?38 ~wg @osbgy mnbèiw sge ztoegoti mibhn%egptnhge `g nboenèãi- Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g is Sgpg Nb÷gs" N zti`wèãi `gspg aomeg aio i ~wg gmgqiw n @osbgy ni znpnent `g htnb`g zti`wpitn `g nboenè÷gs- hgtnbì ztëeois g gvzgtoëbcon zntn n zti`wèãi `g biqis aomegs- nmïe `g pgt soì i ztoegoti mibhn%egptnhge nboenì `n fospóton" &BN@GT- 4::>- z"88/ N sghwot qgeis wen egmfitn cn`n qg{ enoit bn pïcbocn `g nboenèãi g aomegs ocðbocis- ciei Zobó~woi- bn `ïcn`n `g 0:- g i ~wg qoton n sgt wen `ns nboenè÷gs enos cibfgco`ns g cibptiqgtpo`ns `n @osbgy- Anbpnson `g >?0:- ~wg bis eisptiw i tgnm zipgbconm ctonpoqi ìs gspûòis @osbgy- cie swn iwsnòn ge omwsptnt nmhi swttgnm ciei n eûsocn g wen obctåqgm ~wnmo`n`g ntpåspocn" &BN@GT- 4::>- z"67/ Ns zti`wè÷gs `g @osbgy bwbcn zntntne- cie nboenè÷gs cn`n qg{ enos qnton`ns g ctonpoqns- ptnpnbì `gs`g ztgicwznè÷gs nedogbpnos- ciei bi aomeg Dnedo &>?04/ n òqwmhnè÷gs cwmpwtnos- ciei i aomeg Pfg Pftgg Cndnmmgtis >4

Piìs is `nìs tgagtgbpgs n `npns- ztgeonè÷gs- sobizsgs iaoconos g gmgbci tgmncoibnìs nis aomegs n~wo copnìs aitne tgpotnìs ì sopg Obpgtbgp Eiqog @npndnsg &OE@D/- we htnb`g nhtghnìt `g obaitenè÷gs sidtg cobgen" 38

&Aohwtn >3/ `g >?00- ~wg kwbpn zgtsibnhgbs ciei i Znpi @ibnm` g [ï Cntoicn zntn wen qosopn ni Dtnsom"

Aohwtn >3 – Pfg Pftgg Cndnmmgtis- >?38" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))gb"xolozgòn"ith)xolo)Aomg; PftggYcndnmmgtisYzispgt"zbh2 Ncgssi ge; >7 Sgp" 4:>4

Nob`n `wtnbpg gspn ïzicn- @osbgy zti`w{ow qîtois cwtpns zntn i hiqgtbi negtocnbi- wpomo{nìs zntn ptgobnegbpi ìs sim`nìs `wtnbpg n 4« Hwgttn Ewbònm- nmïe `g ztiznhnb`ns eomopntgs" Sghwbì Bn`gt &4::>/- bns ztiznhnb`ns gtne wpomo{nìs htnb`gs zgtsibnhgbs ì gspûòi- ge hgtnm anmnbì sidtg snû`g iw `nbì nzioi nis sim`nìs ge hwgttn" Pnos ztiznhnb`ns sãi cotcwmn`ns bi ewbì npï fikg zgmi @gzntpnegbpi `g Gspnì bitpg%negtocnbi" Sghwbì Bn`gt &4::>/- ns ztiznhnb`ns cotcwmn`ns aitne gvptgenegbpg enm ncgopns zgmi zûdmoci ge hgtnm- `govnbì n @osbgy n zibpi `g anmotidtohnbì n geztgsn n mnbènt wen biqn nboenèãi" Aio `nå ~wg swthow Cob`gtgmn - aomeg ~wg bis ptiwvg wen `ns enoitgs ztobcgsns `n @osbgy g we oegbsi mwcti zntn n geztgsn" Xnmp @osbgy nob`n zti`w{oton iwptns nboenè÷gs- ciei Zgpgt Znb &>?73/enpgtonm `g nbîmosg `gspg cnzåpwmi- gbptg iwptns nboenè÷gs g cwtpns- npï swn

36

eitpg- ge >?11" @gs`g gbpãi n @osbgy znssiw zit sgws aneomontgs g ncoibospnscibpobwnbì sgws ptndnmfis cie nboenè÷gs" Gssn dtgqg obpti`wèãi ê fospóton `n @osbgy ciei gspûòi `g nboenè÷gs bis `î wen bièãi enos nezmn `g piì i ptndnmfi g ctonpoqo`n`g cie ~wg cn`n aomeg aio agopi- bãi nzgbns ge swn zti`wèãi- ens pnedïe bn òqwmhnèãi" N sghwot `gpnmfntgeis we ziwci cn`n we ìs aomegs ~wg sãi dnsg zntn nbîmosgnssoe ciei eisptntgeis sgws cntpn{gs itohobnos- ctonbì nssoe wen cibgvãi gbptg gmgs g is cntpn{gs eoboenmospns- pgbì wen bièãi ewopi enoit `n egbsnhge ztgpgbò`n g is gmgegbpis qoswnos wpomo{nìs"

3">" Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g is Sgpg Nb÷gs

Ciei òpi ncoen- gspg aio i ztoegoti mibhn%egptnhge nboenì ctonì zgmis Gspûòis @osbgy- tgztgsgbpnbì wen htnb`g tgqimwèãi bi cobgen- qospi ~wg aio pnedïe i ztoegoti mibhn%egptnhge nboenì `n fospóton- hnbfnbì we Iscnt fibitîtoi zit pnm agopi" Mnbènì ge >?38- i aomeg- ~wg mgqiw 3 nbis zntn sgt agopi- pge bi tipgoti g òtgèãi ewopis biegs- ens i ~wg bis ï enos oezitpnbpg zntn n zgs~wosn ï n fospóton cibpn`n- dnsgnì ge we cibpi itohobnm ìs oteãis Htoee- bi cnsi i cibpi Dtnbcn `g Bgqg " N sobizsg iaoconm ì aomeg ï n sghwobpg;

Wen tnobfn eî g dgmn &~wg pnedïe ï dtwvn/ tgsimqg- zit obqgkn g qno`n`g- enb`nt enpnt swn gbpgn`n- Dtnbcn `g Bgqg- n enos mob`n `g pi`ns" Ens i cnttnsci ~wg `gqgton nssnssobî%mn n `govn zntpot g`wtnbpg swn awhn zgmn amitgspn- gbcibptn n cndnbn ìs sgpg nb÷gs~wg ptndnmfne ge wen eobn g znssne n ztipghë%mn" Nmhwe pgezi `gzios- ~wnbì `gscidtg ~wg Dtnbcn `g Bgqg cibpobwn qoqn- n Dtwvn Eî òsantèn%sg g qno nptîs `n eièn cie wen enèã gbqgbgbn`n- ~wg an{ cie ~wg Dtnbcn `g Bgqg cnon ge we sibi ztiawbì zit pi`n n gpgtbo`n`g"

Gssn dtgqg sobizsg kî bis eisptn is gmgegbpis%cfnqg `n fospóton- sgkne gmgs zgtsibnhgbs iw bãi- g gbcibptntgeis gspgs gmgegbpis ge pi`n n zwdmoco`n`g tgmncoibn`n ni aomeg- ciei i cntpn{ itohobnm &Aohwtn >0/- qgocwmnì ge >?38" 3?

Aohwtn >0; Sbix Xfopg nb` pfg Sgqgb @xntas- >?38" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))zp"xolozgòn"ith)xolo)Aocfgot i;SbixYXfopgYnb`YpfgYSgqgbY@ xntas"kzh2" Ncgssi ge; >7 Sgp" 4:>4"

Zi`geis qgt- `g obåcoi- ~wg gspg cntpn{ sg ptnpn `g we cntpn{%nbûbcoi- i cntpn{ ~wg bis ptn{ obaitenè÷gs g cgtpg{ns sidtg i aomeg- ptndnmfnbì `g aiten n eisptnt i ~wg i aomeg cnttghn" Zi`geis qgt nmo is ztobcoznos zgtsibnhgbs- i cnspgmi g i cnezi ib`g sg znssn n fospóton- nmïe `g nmhwbs opgbs ~wg qgtgeis ni mibhi `gmn g ~wg sgtãi oezitpnbpgs- ztobcoznmegbpg zit gspntge ztgsgbpgs bis cntpn{ ~wg nbnmosntgeis- ctonbì wen mohnèãi gbptg i aomeg g i cntpn{ nptnqïs `gssgs opgbs ~wg- zit swn oezitpäbcon bn fospóton- sg pitbntne idkgpis `g `gspn~wg bi aomeg" Qimpntgeis n ptnpnt `gspg cntpn{ ge nmhwbs eiegbpis `g bissn nbîmosg"

3"4" Zgpgt Znb

I sghwbì aomeg ~wg ptnpntgeis ge bissn nbîmosg ï Zgpgt Znb - bgspg cnsi i itohobnm `n @osbgy- `g >?73" Gspg sghwbì aomeg nob`n bis ptn{ wen gspïpocn zntgco`n cie n `g Dtnbcn `g Bgqg- qospi ~wg bãi ncibpgcgtne ewopns ew`nbèns pgcbimóhocns bn pïcbocn `g nboenèãi bis nbis ~wg sg znssntne gbptg is ìos aomegs" Nzgsnt òspi- is Gspûòis @osbgy kî gspnqne egmfitnbì 0:

swn gvzgtoëbcon cie nboenè÷gs- i ~wg pitbiw i zticgssi `gspg aomeg enos qoîqgm" N sobizsg iaoconm ï n sghwobpg;

Zgpgt Znb &Diddy @toscimm/- i hntipi ~wg sg tgcwsn n ctgscgt- gsztgopn n cnsn ìs @ntmobh- zios Xgb`y &Lnpftyb Dgnweibp/- n enos qgmfn ìs aomfis ì cnsnm @ntmobh- ctë ~wg gmg gvospn g kî cibqgbcgw sgws oteãis- Kiãi &Znwm Cimmobs/ g Eohwgm &Pieey Mwslg/" Xgb`y pge cgtpg{n òspi- zios Zgpgt Znb zgt`gw swn siedtn" Nztiqgopnbì n nwsëbcon ìs znos `g Xgb`y- gmg qno npï n cnsn `gmn" Nzós tgcwzgtnt swn siedtn- Zgpgt Znb gbsobn n Xgb`y- Kiãi g Eohwgm i ~wg `gqge an{gt zntn qint; zgbsnt ge nmhi die g wsnt we we zó eîhoci- ~wg wen zg~wgbn an`n- Sobobfi- kihn sidtg gmgs" Zgpgt mgqn ns ptës ctonbèns zntn we znssgoi bn Pgttn ì Bwbcn- we omfn gbcnbpn`n ~wg ï i mnt `g Zgpgt- Sobobfi- is Hntipis Zgtòìs g we en~wonqïmoci zotnpn- i Cnzopãi Hnbcfi &Fnbs Cibtog`/- ~wg kwtiw sg qobhnt `g Zgpgt" Hnbcfi zgt`gw wen `g swns eãis ge we `wgmi cie Zgpgt Znb- cie gmn pgbì soì cieo`n zit we cticiòmi ~wg nhitn sghwg sgeztg i bnqoi ì Cnzopãi Hnbcfi- zios ~wgt ciegt i tgspi" Pwì tgnmegbpg sg ciezmocn ~wnbì Sobobfi aocn cie ewopi coûeg `g Xgb`y g ~wgt ztgkwòcî%mn"

Nssoe ciei bi cnsi nbpgtoit- n sobizsg sg an{ gssgbconm zntn ndsitqgteis n npeisagtn ztgsgbpg bi aomeg- qgtgeis bi cntpn{ itohobnm qîtois gmgegbpis cgbptnos ì aomeg- g `gqgeis hwnt`î%mis pnedïe zntn n bissn nbîmosg tgagtgbpg ni cntpn{ eoboenmospn `gspg aomeg" N sghwot eisptneis i cntpn{ itohobnm `g >?73;

Aohwtn >7 – Zgpgt Znb- >?73" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))zp"xolozgòn"ith)xolo) Aocfgoti;ZgpgtYZnbY@osbgy"kzh2 Ncgssi ge; >7 Sgp" 4:>4 0>

Gspg cntpn{- cie wen gspïpocn ewopi zntgco`n cie i `g Dtnbcn `g Bgqg bis eisptn `g biqi i ~wg kî gszgtneis- ciei is zgtsibnhgbs ztobcoznosnmhwbs `gpnmfgs `n ptnen g zgtsibnhgbs sgcwb`îtois- ancomegbpg zgtcgdoìs cie we imfnt enos `gpnmfospn- tgztgsgbpnbì dge sgw znzgm ciei cntpn{% nbûbcoi" Qgtgeis enos n atgbpg ciei bissi cntpn{ ptndnmfn cie we nszgcpi pipnmegbpg òagtgbpg ge tgmnèãi ê fospóton ì aomeg g swn npeisagtn"

3"3" Tgo Mgãi

N~wo nztgsgbpneis n qicës i aomeg tgagtgbpg ni ûmpoei cntpn{ ~wg nbnmosntgeis" Tgo Mgãi - òagtgbpgegbpg ìs ìos nbpgtoitgs- bis ptn{ wen anbpnson qimpn`n ni ewbì nboenm- `nbì qo`n ê Îatocn g eisptnbì swn òqgtso`n`g" I aomeg- nzgsnt òssi- pge wen pgeîpocn zntgco`n cie n ìs nbpgtoitgs- zn`tãi zntn is aomegs @osbgy- pitbnbì aîcom an{gt wen mohnèãi gbptg is zgtsibnhgbs ìs òagtgbpgs aomegs" Cie sgw htnb`g swcgssi- i itohobnm `g >??0 pgqg enos `wns cibpobwnè÷gs- Tgo Mgãi 4 &>??6/ g Tgo Mgãi 3 &4::0/- nmïe ì tgmnbènegbpi ì ztoegoti aomeg ge 3@ ge 4:>>" N~wo n sobizsg iaoconm ì aomeg;

Ewansn &qi{ `g Knegs Gntm Kibgs/- i Tgo Mgãi- g n tnobfn Sntndo &qi{ `g En`hg Sobcmnot/ nztgsgbpne ni tgobi i fgt`goti ì ptibi- Soedn &qi{ `g Enppfgx Dti`gtocl/" I tgcïe%bnscoì tgcgdg n dëbèãi ì sîdoi dndwåbi Tnaolo &Tidgtp Hwommnweg/- ens ni ctgscgt ï gbqimqoì bns ntpoenbfns `g sgw poi Scnt &qi{ `g Kgtgey Otibs/- i obqgkisi g en~wonqïmoci oteãi `g Ewansn- ~wg zmnbgkn moqtnt%sg ì sidtobfi g fgt`nt i ptibi"

N sghwot qgtgeis i cntpn{ itohobnm &Aohwtn >1/ ~wg cotcwmiw bis cobgens ge >??0- nssoe zgtcgdgbì ns òagtgbèns gbptg is aomegs g cntpn{gs bgspgs 0> nbis ~wg sgzntne Tgo Mgãi `g Zgpgt Znb"

04

Aohwtn >1 – Pfg Moib Lobh- >??0" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))zp"xolozgòn"ith)xolo) Aocfgoti;PfgYMoibYLobh"kzh2 Ncgssi ge; >7 Sgp" 4:>4

Zi`geis qgt- `g obåcoi- n nzmocnèãi `g wen gspïpocn òagtgbpg" Gb~wnbpi bis iwptis cntpn{gs påbfneis n omwsptnèãi ciezispn `g gmgegbpis cgbptnos ê ptnen- nmïe `g `gpnmfgs g zgtoaïtocis bi sghwbì zmnbi- n~wo pgeis wen oenhge ewopi enos ndsptnpn- ~wg bãi bis `î n ptnen ì aomeg `g eiì ódqoicnttghnbì cntncpgtåspocns enos aitpgs `g we cntpn{%cnzn ì ~wg we soezmgs cntpn{%nbûbcoi" Qgtgeis enos n atgbpg ciei gspg cntpn{ kî bis ptn{ wen gspïpocn ~wg sg nssgegmfn ni bissi cntpn{ eoboenmospn tgagtgbpg n gspg aomeg" N sghwot ptndnmfntgeis bn nbîmosg ìs cntpn{gs ge so- sgeztg an{gbì wen mohnèãi cie i aomeg tgagtgbpg g is cntpn{gs kî qospis npï n~wo- nmïe `g mohnt pwì ~wg qgteis ni bissi tgagtgbconm pgótoci- ztobcoznmegbpg ge tgmnèãi ê ciewbocnèãi g mobhwnhge qoswnm" 3"0" Nbîmosg Nbîmosg Qoswnm Is ptës cntpn{gs nbnmosnìs sãi `g we egsei `gsohbgt- Tixnb Spicls Eiitg" Aitenì ge Ciewbocnèãi Qoswnm g Entlgpobh zgmn Wboqgtso`n`g `g Mgg`sObhmnpgttn- sg gszgconmo{iw ge ptndnmfis gòpitonos- an{gbì ptndnmfis zntn kitbnos ciei Pfg Idsgtqgt g Fwaaobhpib Zisp - kitbnos `g htnb`g cotcwmnèãi bn 03

Obhmnpgttn- g pge ciei ptndnmfi zgssinm n ctonèãi `g cntpn{gs- ciei is `n @osbgy- ~wg qgtgeis nmhwbs n sghwot- g `g iwptis htnb`gs aomegs- ciei swn sïtog Iscnt 4:>4" N bissn ztoegotn nbîmosg sgtî tgagtgbpg ni cntpn{ `g Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g is Sgpg Nb÷gs- ctonì zit Eiitg- g ge nmhwbs eiegbpis tgpitbntgeis ni cntpn{ itohobnm g n sobizsg zntn gbto~wgcgt n nbîmosg"

Aohwtn >8 – Sbix Xfopg nb` pfg Sgqgb @xntas- Tixnb Spicl Eiitg- 4:>4" @oszibåqgm ge; =fppz;))xxx"gpsy"cie)mospobh)?8>83:40)òsbgys%sbix%xfopg% nb`%pfg%sgqgb%`xntas9tga5ztYsfiz2 Ncgssi ge; >4 Iwp" 4:>4 00

N ztoegotn qospn kî zi`geis zgtcgdgt ns òagtgbèns dîsocns gbptg gspg cntpn{ g i itohobnm- sgbì n òeobwoèãi `g gmgegbpis qoswnos n enos cmntn" Gb~wnbpi bi cntpn{ itohobnm &Aohwtn >0/ bós pgeis piìs is zgtsibnhgbs ztobcoznos obsgtoìs- nmïe `g citgs dge enos qoqns- n~wo pgeis we ûboci ”zgtsibnhge― obsgtoì bgmg- n enèã" We idkgpi `g `gspn~wg bi aomeg g bn fospóton- n enèã gbqgbgbn`n ï `n`n n Dtnbcn `g Bgqg zgmn tnobfn- cie n obpgbèãi `g potî%mn `g sgw cneobfi- bis `nbì we ìs eiegbpis enos egeitîqgos ì aomeg g pitbnbì n enèn we såedimi ancomegbpg nssicoîqgm n gmg" N enèã cgbptnmo{n`n g eitò`n pnedïe bis tgegpg n ìos iwptis zgtsibnhgbs qopnos `n fospóton- Dtnbcn `g Bgqg g i Ztåbcozg Gbcnbpnì" Is ìos gspãi ztgsgbpgs bi cntpn{ nptnqïs `g nmhwens pïcbocns `n Hgspnmp- qospns bi cnzåpwmi nbpgtoit" I cibptnspg gbptg ns citgs `n enèã g ì awbìnssicon`ns n pïcbocns `g fnteibon g agcfnegbpi- cton ns aitens `ns ancgs `gspgs ìos zgtsibnhgbs- atgbpg n atgbpg- cie n sgegbpg `n enèã- ~wg aio wpomo{nì ge aitenpi `g citnèãi- `geibsptnbì n mohnèãi gbptg gmgs- mohnèãi gspn ~wg ctgscg nzós n cgbn `n enèã gbqgbgbn`n g i anpi ì ztåbcozg pgt snmqi Dtnbcn `g Bgqg ì agopoèi" Nob`n bi cnezi `n Hgspnmp zi`geis zgtcgdgt sgw cwo`nìsi ptndnmfi bgspg cntpn{" N ztghbäbcon `n aiten- mgo eîvoen `n Hgspnmp- gspî ztgsgbpg bgspg ptndnmfi nptnqïs `ns cnpghitons cibcgopwnos kî egbcoibn`ns- nmïe ì ctonpoqi wsi `g soezmoco`n`g- cmntg{n g eoboeo`n`g" I cibptnspg gbptg ns citgsgbptg i cmnti g gscwti- nssiconì cie gspns cnpghitons- hgtn wen fnteibon ~wg pitbn i cntpn{ nhtn`îqgm nis imfis- pitbnbì%i wen ûbocn wbo`n`g" I wsi g gscimfn `ns citgs pnedïe ï dge gszgcåaoci bgspg ptndnmfi" I cntpn{ itohobnm bis ptn{ citgs enos qoqns- citgs ~wg tgegpge n nmhi enos nboenì g npï obanbpom" Kî gspg cntpn{ bis ptn{ pibs enos bgwptis- ~wgge ciezntnèãi cie i itohobnm- `gbipn we pie enos siedtoi- tgmgedtnbì is eiegbpis enos zgsnìs ì aomeg- zi`gbì npï sgt enos nssiconì ni cibpi itohobnm ìs oteãis Htoee ì ~wg i aomeg ìs gspûòis @osbgy" I anpi `g i bieg ì aomeg kî gspnt ztgsgbpg bi cntpn{ pitbn swn mgopwtn enos aîcom- wen qg{ ~wg qicë kî zi`g nssicont i bieg- i pgvpi- n oenhge 07

cton`n- ens bãi òeobwo swn cnznco`n`g `g sohboaocnèãi- zgmi cibptîtoi- zgteopg biqis cneobfis zntn obpgtztgpnèãi- g pitbn gspg cntpn{ we sohbi nmpnegbpg obpgtztgpnpoqi" Zi`geis cibcmwot ~wg gspg cntpn{ cnttghn gbpãi piìs is gmgegbpis ~wg cntncpgto{ne we cntpn{%cnzn- ~wg- ciei Egmi &4::7/ nztgsgbpn- ztieiqg biqns obpgtztgpnè÷gs- tgmgopwtns- ni obqïs `g soezmgsegbpg obaitent cgtpg{ns ncgtcn ì aomeg" I eoboenmosei >3 pnedïe ï ancomegbpg zgtcgzpåqgm bgspg cntpn{qospi ~wg ptn{ ns cnpghitons `g Hgspnmp dîsocns `g ptndnmfis eoboenmospns- nmïe `g ptn{gt we pgit nmpnegbpg obpgtztgpnpoqi zntn i gszgcpnìt- zgteopobì ~wg gmg sg gbqimqn g ctog biqns obpgtztgpnè÷gs zntn i cntpn{" N bissn ztóvoen nbîmosg ï tgagtgbpg ni cntpn{ `g Zgpgt Znb - i sghwbì aomeg ~wg mospneis ncoen- g biqnegbpg tgpitbntgeis n gmg zntn nmhwens ciezntnè÷gs"

>3

Gspw`nì bi cnzåpwmi nbpgtoit- gspg eiqoegbpi ntpåspoci g `g `gsohb pge ciei cntncpgtåspocns dîsocns aitens soezmgs- g~womodtn`ns- ndsptnpns g cie wsi `g ziwcns citgs" 01

Aohwtn >6 – Zgpgt Znb- Tixnb Spicl Eiitg- 4:>4" @oszibåqgm ge; = ppz;))xxx"gpsy"cie)mospobh)?8>83:40)òsbgys% sbix%xfopg%nb`%pfg%sgqgb%`xn sbix%xfopg%nb`%pfg%sgqgb%`xntas9tga5ztYsfiz tas9tga5ztYsfiz2 Ncgssi ge; >4 Iwp" 4:>4

Gspg cntpn{- nssoe ciei i nbpgtoit- bis ptn{ wen qosãi cibptnspnbpg ge tgmnèãi ni cntpn{ itohobnm" Gb~wnbpi i itohobnm &Aohwtn >7/ ptndnmfnqn ns citgs `n nboenèãi g cnttghnbì we pie obanbpom- gspg bis ptn{ we nszgcpi òagtgbconì- eisptnbì ns ew`nbèns `g pie ì aomeg cie i wsi `g citgs g aitens" I wsi `g Hgspnmp bgspg cntpn{ ï zntgcoì cie i ì nbpgtoit- ens cie nmhwens ~wgsp÷gs enos sobhgmns g dge ptndnmfn`ns" Zi`geis bipnt bgmg nmhwbs gmgegbpis ocðbocis ì aomeg- ciei i tgmóhoi- idkgpi iònì zgmi qomãi Cnzopãi Hnbcfi- ~wg gspî cgbptnmo{nì bi cntpn{- `geibsptnbì swn oezitpäbcon zntn n ptnen" N òqosãi ì cntpn{ ge ìos nedogbpgs- nmïe `g 08

eisptnt is ìos mnìs `n fospóton- is ìos cgbîtois &Mib`tgs g Pgttn ì Bwbcn/zgteopg we ptndnmfi òagtgbpg zntn cn`n cgbîtoi `gbpti ì cntpn{- cie pibs òagtgbpgs" @g we mnì pgeis n Mib`tgs- cie i aneisi tgmóhoi `g Mib`tgs- Doh Dge- cgbptnmo{nì- agopi nptnqïs `g pïcbocns `g hgspnmp ciei agcfnegbpi g cibptnspg" Qgeis bgssg mnì we pie enos mgqg- n biopg mib`tobn ï ptnb~womn nmozgtcgzèãi cton`n nptnqïs ì n{wm g dtnbci" Kî ì iwpti mnì pgeis n Pgttn ì Bwbcn- soedimo{nbì we mnì enos aitpg- enos npoqi- ì cntpn{ g ì aomeg" Zi`geis qgt Zgpgt Znb sidtgqinbì i bnqoi `g Hnbcfi- nedis wpomo{nbì n Hgspnmp n sgw anqit- pitbnbì n mgopwtn enos nhtn`îqgm g obiqnìtn- g- bi cgbpti- pgeis i cticiòmi- enoit oboeohi g ptnwen `g Hnbcfi- aitenì `g aiten swpom- nssoe ciei aio i Doh Dgb- g agcfnbì i `gsgbfi ì tgmóhoi" Bossi zi`geis zgtcgdgt ciei gspg cntpn{ ï aitenì zit qîtons wbo`n`gs- ens ~wg kwbpns aitene wen ûbocn wbo`n`g cigsn- g~womodtn`n g fnteiboisn- ctonbì wen nmpn ztghbäbcon zntn gspg cntpn{" I gvpgbsi wsi `g pïcbocns `g agcfnegbpi g cibptnspg- nmonì ni wsi `g ziwcns citgs g aitens soezmgs hntnbpg pnedïe ni cntpn{ we nmpi htnw `g soezmoco`n`g g eoboeo`n`g- ctonbì wen cntncpgtåspocn eoboenmospn ~wg ï bipn`n ancomegbpg" Zi`geis zgtcgdgt pnedïe- `g aiten cmntn- ciei gspg cntpn{ tgztgsgbpn i cntpn{%cnzn ~wg gspw`neis" Gspg ï we cntpn{ ~wg bãi eisptn ge eiegbpi nmhwe- `g aiten cmntn- zgtsibnhgbs ztobcoznos- ens idkgpis g eiegbpis- åcibgs ~wg sãi bipnìs `wtnbpg i aomeg g ~wg sg eisptne `g qopnm oezitpäbcon ni aobnm `gmg" Bissn ûmpoen nbîmosg ï tgagtgbpg ni aomeg Tgo Mgãi " Nbpgs `g eisptnt i cntpn{ `g nbîmosg- `gqgeis bis mgedtnt ì cntpn{ itohobnm ì aomeg- ~wg kî cnttghn wen cntncpgtåspocn òagtgbcon`n ge tgmnèãi nis cntpn{gs ciewbs- is cntpn{gs%nbûbcoi- g pge wen tgmnèãi obpgtgssnbpg cie bissi cntpn{"

06

Aohwtn >? – Pfg Moib Lobh- Tixnb Spicl Eiitg- 4:>4" @oszibåqgm ge; fppz;))xxx"gpsy"cie)mospobh)?8>87 fppz;))xxx"gpsy"cie)mospobh)?8>877>7)òsbgys%pfg%moi 7>7)òsbgys%pfg%moib%lobh% b%lobh% eoboenmosp%zispgt2

Ncgssi ge; >4 Iwp" 4:>4

Gspg cntpn{- nssoe ciei is iwptis nbnmosnìs- nztgsgbpn we ztiawbì wsi `g Hgspnmp" Ge tgmnèãi ni cntpn{ itohobnm &Aohwtn >1/- zi`geis bipnt ~wg fî cgtpn ew`nbèn bi pie ì aomeg" Gb~wnbpi gmg bis eisptn citgs cmntnsptnb~womns- citgs ~wg npobhge ns ctonbèns `g wen enbgotn egmfit- kî gspg sghwbì cntpn{ bi eisptn we pie mgqgegbpg enos siedtoi- wpomo{nbì citgs ~wgbpgs- ctonbì wen sgbsnèãi `g zgtohi- g ~wg bis tgegpge pnedïe n Îatocn- ib`g sg znssn n fospóton" I wsi `g ziwcns citgs cibpobwn ztgsgbpg0?

ptndnmfnbì cie agcfnegbpi- wpomo{nbì cibptnspgs g zisopoqi%bghnpoqi zntn aitent ns oenhgbs" G n ztobcoznm oenhge aiten`n g qospn nå ï n cndgèn `g we mgãi- n cndgèn `g Soedn- zgtsibnhge ztobcoznm `n ptnen- ~wg pnedïe ï tgzgpoì ge gscnmn egbit ê atgbpg `g iwptis nboenos- ctonbì wen tgmnèãi `g osimnegbpi g mo`gtnbèn- `wns ~wgsp÷gs ztgsgbpgs bi aomeg g bn ptnkgpóton `gspg zgtsibnhge" N aitenèãi `g we cgbîtoi `gbpti ì mgãi pnedïe `gqg sgt bipn`n- naobnm i cgbîtoi ctonì- `g Soedn n atgbpg ìs nboenos- cie i sim n awbì- sg awb`g cmntnegbpg cie n oenhge cgbptnm- ì mgãi twhobì- ib`g i sim ncndn sg pitbnbì i imfi ì mgãi" Enos wen qg{ zi`geis bipnt wen htnb`g ztghbäbcon `g aiten bgspg cntpn{- cie swns wbo`n`gs sg awbòbì `g aiten fnteiboisn- g- cie i wsi `g ziwcns citgs g aitens- pgeis wen htnb`g soezmoco`n`g g eoboeo`n`g ztgsgbpgs bgmg- nssoe aitenbì we ciezmgpi cntpn{ eoboenmospn g cntncpgto{nbì%i ciei pnedïe we cntpn{%cnzn- qospi ns qîtons obpgtztgpnè÷gs ~wg zi`ge swthot `g ncitì cie i sgw cibfgcoegbpi ì aomeg" Aobnmo{nbì ns nbîmosgs zi`geis zgtcgdgt cmntnegbpg nmhwbs gmgegbpis%cfnqg ~wg ciez÷ge gspgs cntpn{gs- zi`geis bipnt ~wg piìs ptndnmfne nmhwens cnpghitons `n Hgspnmp dîsocns zntn pitbî%mis eoboenmospns" Nmïe `ns 3 cnpghitons cfnqg zntn i eoboenmosei- soezmoco`n`g- eoboeo`n`g g cmntg{n- qgeis ciei i cibptnspg- i agcfnegbpi g n fnteibon aitne `g qopnm oezitpäbcon zntn n ctonèãi `gspgs cntpn{gs- cntncpgtåspocn ~wg `gqgton sgt wsn`n bn ctonèãi `g ~wnm~wgt cntpn{ cie n obpgbèãi `g pitbnt n egbsnhge cie i egbit twåì zissåqgm zntn i gszgcpnìt" @gqg sg bipnt pnedïe ~wg nmhwbs cntpn{gs nztgsgbpne enos gmgegbpis ~wg iwptis- enos wbo`n`gs- ens ~wg ossi bãi obpgtagtg bn cieztggbsãi ì egsei- `gs`g ~wg wsn`ns ês mgos `g Hgspnmp `g wen din enbgotn" G- ncoen `g pwì- zgtcgdgeis ciei n obpgtztgpnèãi `g we ptndnmfi eoboenmospn `gzgb`g ~wnsg obpgotnegbpg ì tgzgtpótoi `g sgw gszgcpnìt- zios cn`n sohbi nmo ztgsgbpg tgztgsgbpn nmhi ~wg zi`g iw bãi sgt bipnì zgmi sgw idsgtqnìt"

7:

0" CIBSO@GTNÈ×GS AOBNOS

Nptnqïs `gspn zgs~wosn zw`geis zgtcgdgt i ~wnbpi i cntpn{ aio oezitpnbpg bn fospóton ì `gsohb g `n ciewbocnèãi" I cntpn{- `gs`g i sïcwmi znssnì- pge soì we ìs enoitgs egois `g ciewbocnèãi ztgsgbpgs- sgkn zntn òqwmhnt gqgbpis- sfixs- aomegs- agspoqnos- zti`wpis- iw soezmgsegbpg zntn cimgcoibnt- g pgqg sgw nmcnbcg nwegbpnì htnèns n obpgtbgp- ib`g i cntpn{ bãi gspî ztgsgbpg ciei oeztgssi- ens soe ciei we aitenpi- wen egò`n" Snmmgs &4:>:/ ò{ ~wg i cntpn{ gspî cn`n qg{ enos oenpgtonm- g ospi sg eisptn we anpi zit pnm n`qgbpi ~wg sg pitbiw n obpgtbgp- hgtnbì npï cntpn{gs òagtgbconìsciei is biqis cntpn{gs ge 3@ iw nboenìs ~wg pëe soì mnbènìs bis ûmpoeis pgezis" @gqg%sg bipnt- bi gbpnbpi- ~wg pnm ew`nbèn bãi nmpgtn n bgcgsso`n`g ì cntpn{ `g ciewbocnt `n egmfit aiten zissåqgm" We die cntpn{ `gqg sg an{gt mghåqgm ni zûdmoci ztgpgbòì- zit ossi n mobhwnhge qoswnm ï `g gvptgen oezitpäbcon- sgkn bi wsi `g gmgegbpis n`g~wnìs iw bn òszisoèãi `gspgs gmgegbpis- wpomo{nbì n Hgspnmp `n egmfit aiten zissåqgm- g- bãi egbis oezitpnbpg- gscimfgt i mwhnt- iw n zmnpnaiten &ibmobg iw oeztgssi/ ~wg gspg cntpn{ `gqg aocnt" Piìs is cntpn{gs nbnmosnìs an{ge zntpg `gssn biqn `gaoboèãi- sãi cntpn{gs ctonìs zntn aocnt bn xgd- cie n izèãi `g sgtge oeztgssis zit nmhwe cmogbpg ~wg is ~wgotn" Pnm izèãi- `g wsnt n obpgtbgp- zgteopow ~wg gmgs aissge qospis zit we bûegti ewopi enoit `g zgssins- g cfghnssg ni zûdmoci ~wg zisswo enoit obpgtgssg zit gmgs- ztobcoznmegbpg zgmn swn tgmnèãi cie is aomegs" Nssoe swns obpgtztgpnè÷gs sg pitbne ewopi enos ciezmgvns g òqgtsoaocn`ns" @g wen aiten soezmgs- ï ancomegbpg zgtcgzpåqgm i aomeg tgptnpnì bi cntpn{- ens we imfnt enos mibhi bis eisptn biqns qos÷gs `gmg" Cie ossi zi`geis zgtcgdgt ciei i eoboenmosei bãi obamwëbcon bghnpoqnegbpg bn cieztggbsãi g ciezmgvo`n`g ì cntpn{- zgmi cibptîtoi- gmg zi`g nwvomont i ctonìt ì cntpn{ n ctont biqis sohbis- biqns qos÷gs- g i gszgcpnìt- ~wg pge nmhi gspgpocnegbpg moezi n swn atgbpg- ancomopnbì n swn mgopwtn" G gspg gtn we ìs zibpis ztobcoznos ~wg gspn zgs~wosn dwscnqn ndit`nt- i zipgbconm ì eoboenmosei nzmocnì ni cntpn{"

7>

N cieztggbsãi ìs pozis `g cntpn{gs pnedïe `gqg sgt zibpwn`n" I cntpn{ sgeztg gspgqg ztgsgbpg bn fospóton ì cobgen- ciei zð`g sgt qospi bi sghwbì cnzåpwmi `gspn zgs~wosn- g n òagtgbèn gbptg is ìos pozis `g cntpn{gs ~wg gspw`neis- i cntpn{%nbûbcoi g i cntpn{%cnzn- sg eisptntne cmntns nzós ns nbîmosgs- g zw`geis bipnt n òagtgbèn bn egbsnhge znssn`n" I cntpn{%cnznidkgpi `g nbîmosg- sg eisptn ewopi enos obpgtztgpnpoqi g obspohnìt ~wg i nbûbcoi- ciewe bns òqwmhnè÷gs `g zti`wè÷gs cobgenpihtîaocns fikg ge òn" Nssoe n mobhwnhge qoswnm sg eisptn ewopi enos oezitpnbpg zntn gspg- zios `gqg sgt egmfit zmnbgkn`n zntn bãi sgt dnsocnegbpg mopgtnm- ciewe" I idkgpoqi `gspn zgs~wosn gtn gvzmocopnt cn`n wen `gssns ~wgsp÷gs- ì zticgssi `g ctonèãi ì cntpn{ n sgws pozis- ge gszgconm cie nzmocnèãi ì eoboenmosei- g swn oezitpäbcon ï cmntn ni qgteis i gvcgssi `g gmgegbpis ~wg pgeis bn ciewbocnèãi qoswnm npwnmegbpg" Ge wen ïzicn ge ~wg is aomegs `gqge hgtnt we mwcti hohnbpgsci ï ewopi enos aîcom g mwctnpoqi wsnt oenhgbs `g sgws npitgs ztobcoznos n ctont gvzgcpnpoqns `g aiten òagtgbcon`n- n wsnt wen pïcbocn òagtgbpg" G ossi òagtgbcon ewopi is ptndnmfis ge cntpn{gs- pitbn aîcom bipnt is cntpn{gs%cnzn bgssg ent `g obaitenè÷gs- zios gmgs sg sidtgssngege ewopi `gqoì ê gsptnbfg{n ~wg cnwsne ge cibptnspg cie is iwptis" N ciewbocnèãi pge oboconì wen pgb`ëbcon ê moezg{n `g obaitenè÷gs bgssg ûmpoei nbi- ztobcoznmegbpg bn îtgn `g dtnbòbh- geditn bi cntpn{ cobgenpihtîaoci qgkneis nmhwbs ptndnmfis sghwobì n pgb`ëbcon- sg pitbnbì cntpn{gs `g `gspn~wg bis mwhntgs ge ~wg sãi eisptnìs" Naobnm- `govnbì biqnegbpg n copnèãi `g Mw`xoh Eogs qnb `gt Tifg- egbis ï enos"

74

TGAGTËBCONS DNPCFGMIT- @nqo`" Eoboenmosei" Eoboenmosei" Sãi Znwmi; Cisnc Bnoay- >???" @IB@OS- @ibos N"" Sobpnvg `n Mobhwnhge Qoswnm" Qoswnm" Sãi Znwmi; Entpobs Aibpgs- 4::8" HIEGS AOMFI- Kiãi" Hgspnmp ì idkgpi; Sospgen `g mgopwtn m gopwtn qoswnm `n aiten" aiten" 8˛ Gòèãi" Sãi Znwmi; Gsctopwtns- 4::0" FIMMOS- Tocfnt`s" @gsohb Htîaoci; Wen Fospóton Cibcosn" Cibcosn " Sãi Znwmi; Entpobs Aibpgs- 4::>" KIM_- Entpobg" Obpti`wèãi n Nbîmosg `n Oenhge" Oenhge " Mosdin; Kisï G`wntì Tiòm- 4::8" MGOPG- Tocntì" [otnmì ge Cntpn{" Cntpn{" Toi @g Knbgoti; Sgbnc Toi- 4::?" EGHHS- Zfomoz Zfomoz D"< ZWTQOSZWTQOS- Nmspib X"" Fospóton ì @gsohb Htîaoci" Sãi Znwmi; Cisnc Bnoay- 4::?" EGMI- Cfoci Fiege `g" Sohbiaidon" Sohbiaidon" Sãi Znwmi; Tisnto- 4::7" EIMGS- Ndtnfne" I Cntpn{" Cntpn{" Sãi Znwmi; Zgtszgcpoqn- 4::7"

BN@GT- Hobfn" Xnmp @osbgy- We Sïcwmi `g Sibfi" Qimweg >" > " Sãi Znwmi; Sgbnc Sãi Znwmi- 4::>" BIKOEN- Qgtn Mûcon" NDC `n N@H" N@H" Sãi Znwmi; Dmwcfgt- 4:>4" SNMMGS- Cntmn Dibaoe `g Eitngs" Zticgssis ciewbocnpoqis g cwmpwtnos bi cntpn{" N ziïpocn `g Entcis Eobobo" Siticndn- 4:>:" @ossgtpnèãi `g Egsptnì – Ztihtnen `g Zós%htn`wnèãi ge Ciewbocnèãi g Cwmpwtn" Wboqgtso`n`g `g Siticndn"

73

Minimalismo Em Cartaz - Um Estudo Com Cartazes de Filmes Disney

Recommend Documents