18
1.
Certain nations have ---- the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques to select the sex of an unborn child; but, bribery and human ingenuity have made it easy for prospective parents to bypass the statute..
6.
If things ---- according to plan, the book ---- by this time next year.. A)
go / will have been published
B) have gone / would have been published A) removed
C) went / was to be published
B) outlawed
D) were going / has been published
C) explored
E) will go / will be published
D) sustained E) retained 2.
Roman numerals are expressed by letters of the alphabet and are ---- used today except for formality or variety..
B) arguably
C) before / through
C) consecutively
D) off / during
D) equivalently
E) within / with 8.
Kosrae is the smallest of the four island states that ---- the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the largest and most populous political entity that emerged after World War II..
---- the global population grows fresh water supplies dwindle—ensuring that everyone has sufficient supplies of life-giving H2O has become an enormous challenge.. A) Although
A) keep away
B) Until
B) tie up with
C) If
C) make up
D) Whether
D) set down
E) As 9.
Until recently, some scientists ---- that many individuals of the same species ---- specific tasks better than the same number of individuals from different species..
---- ancient peoples in several parts of the world built pyramids, it was the Egyptians who constructed the tallest and most famous of them.. A) Unless
A) will think / are performing
B) Now that
B) were thinking / will perform
C) Although
C) think / ought to perform
D) Once
D) had thought / would be performing
E) As if
E) thought / could perform 5.
A) at / over B) in / on
E) take on 4.
To protect whales and dolphins ---- the coast of Hawaii, a court in California has temporarily banned the US navy from using powerful sonar equipment ---- a military exercise in the area..
A) courteously
E) rarely 3.
7.
10.
Evil ---- when good people allow bad things ----..
Musical performers can be classified into many different categories ---- vocalists and instrumentalists..
A) came / happened
A) as well as
B) comes / to happen
B) both
C) will come / will happen
C) such as
D) may come / happening
D) either
E) had come / to have happened
E) more than
11.
They are worried that if the decline in the number of the Siberian tigers continues at this high rate, ---- of the species will be left in a few years.. A) many B) none C) most D) any E) least
12.
Recommendations to reduce cardiovascular disease risk include ---- screening ---- intervention.. A) neither / but B) as / as C) such /as D) some / just as E) both / and
13.
There are several types of acquired dyslexia (a language disorder), ---- adults find themselves unable to read or find difficulty with certain types of words as a result of brain damage.. A) that B) in which C) wherever D) what E) whenever
In the pharmaceutical industry, vaccines have long been poor stepsisters to big, glamorous drugs. Immunization campaign; have worked wonders (I) ---- scourges such as polio. (II) ---- annual global sales of vaccines have fallen off during (III) ---- years and the number of major companies (IV) ---- them has shrunk from 20 in the 1980s to just 4. This is a sure sign that it (V) ---- an economic business to be in.
19.
Even when a cell becomes cancerous, ----.. A) antigens released into the bloodstream by some cancers are sometimes called tumour markers B) it is a cell whose biological function has been altered C) a fully functioning immune system can’t always destroy all these cancer cells
14.
I.
D) the immune system may regard these cells as foreign
A) committing
E) the immune system can often destroy it before it replicates
B) pulling down C) wiping out
20.
She and I had a nice, relaxed conversation ----..
D) interfering with A) by the time I finally arrived for our meeting
E) exposing
B) as I told her to wake up 15.
II.
C) since it focused on forbidden subjects D) which largely centred on our children
A) Yet
E) so we were both nervous towards the end of it
B) Consequently C) Apparently D) As far as
21.
The parliaments of the member states of the European Union agreed on the use of a single currency to be known as the Euro..
E) Regarding 16.
III. A) present B) contemporary C) latter D) recent E) final
17.
IV. A) to sell B) having sold C) to be selling D) to have sold E) selling
18.
V. A) didn\'t have to be B) hasn\'t been C) wouldn\'t be D) didn\'t use to be E) shouldn\'t be
A) Euro, Avrupa Birliğine üye devletlerin, kullanımı üzerinde anlaştığı tek para birimi olarak bilinmektedir. B) Euro, Avrupa Birliğine üye devletlerin parlamentolarının, kullanımı üzerinde anlaşabildiği tek para birimidir. C) Avrupa Birliğine üye devletlerin parlamentoları, kullanacakları tek para birimini Euro olarak adlandırma konusunda anlaşmışlardır. D) Avrupa Birliğine üye devletlerin parlamentoları, kullanımı üzerinde uzlaştıkları tek para birimini Euro olarak adlandırmışlardır. E) Avrupa Birliğine üye devletlerin parlamentoları, Euro olarak bilinen tek bir para biriminin kullanımı üzerinde anlaştılar.
22.
Son yıllarda, tarihçiler, üst sınıflar ve onların siyasi çatışmalarına ilişkin öykülere daha az, ancak alt sınıf insanlarının yaşamlarını biçimlendiren iktisadi ve toplumsal güçlere daha çok vurgu yapmışlardır.. A) In recent years, historians have emphasized more the economic and social forces that have an impact on the lives of lower-class people, but less the stories about upper-class political confrontations. B) Stories about the upper classes and their political differences have not received much emphasis from historians in recent years, while more emphasis has been put on the economic and social developments that have affected the lives of lower-class people. C) The economic and social factors that shape the lives of lower-class people have often been emphasized by historians in recent years, since stories about the upper classes and their political quarrels no longer receive any attention. D) In recent years, historians have placed less emphasis on stories about the upper classes and their political conflicts, but more on the economic and social forces that shape the lives of lowerclass people. E) In recent years, historians‘ emphasis on the economic and social developments that have shaped the lives of lower-class people rather than on the stories of upper-class political conflicts has received much attention.
Ancient Greece consisted of a number of city-states, of which Athens was one of the greatest. In the fifth century B.C., all citizens native to Athens could both vote and speak in a government assembly; but this, of course did not apply to women and slaves. This system of “direct democracy” was feasible because Athens was a small community. Each individual could be involved, gathering collectively in the public square where decisions on government matters, such as laws and foreign affairs, were made. City administrators were expected to account for their decisions. What counted in ancient Athens was the authority of the community as a whole. This took precedent over the liberty of the individual. The freedom of the individual to make private decisions, such as choosing a religion, was restricted on the grounds that the interests of society were paramount.However, this simple form of democracy had its drawbacks. While subsequent political thinkers praised the concept of direct political involvement, it was recognized that this would be impractical in larger communities. Indeed, societies with populations of thousands or millions would never be able to manage the logistical problem of direct participation. It was, therefore, natural that in modern times there emerged the idea of representative democracy.
23.
25.
A)
C) was dissatisfied with the system of direct democracy as practised by a number of citystates in Greece D) had the right to hold whatever religious beliefs he chose to E)
26.
C)
representative democracy was fully practised although it had certain drawbacks with regard to the process of decision-making
D) everybody living in the city was required to take part in public assemblies and vote for the election of city administrators E) the authority of city administrators was so great that their decisions on government matters were final 24.
As pointed out in the passage, the system of direct democracy ----.. A)
fully safe guarded individual liberties while it restricted the authority of the community as a whole
B) was so efficient that, with the exception of Athens, every Greek city-state adopted it C) would obviously be unworkable in large communities D)
was short-lived as it resulted in so many disagreements
E)
enabled a number of Greek city-states to resist the interference of Athens in their foreign affairs
believed that representative democracy was more feasible than direct democracy
In the passage, attention is drawn to the fact that administrators in ancient Athens ----.. A) were so powerful that no citizen dared to speak against them in the assembly B) were elected by the members of the public assembly C) were normally held responsible for their decisions of government
A) women enjoyed the same democratic rights as men and took part in the process of collective decisionmaking what was to the benefit of the community counted more than the personal interests of the individual
had the right of direct involvement in collective decision-making
B) attending a public assembly was expected to speak on laws and foreign affairs
It is clearly stated in the passage that, in ancient Athens, ----..
B)
According to the passage, every recognized Athenian male citizen ----..
D)
did their best to reconcile the liberties of the individual and the interests of the community
E) were biased against direct democracy and advocated representative democracy 27.
Embarrassment seems likely to serve three basic functions. First, it serves as a pacification gesture to others by signalling that the violation was unintended and that it will not likely be repeated. Second, the intense dread of experiencing this emotion probably deters us from repeating whatever behaviours triggered the state. ----. Just as physical pain alerts us to threats to our physical well-being, embarrassment alerts us to threats to our social well-being. Third, embarrassment motivates us to undo the social damage and restore the esteem of others.. A) Therefore, our social well-being relies greatly on how we fit into the society and how the society responds to us B) Naturally, we try to avoid socially unacceptable situations that might result in rejection C) Such a dread is the outcome of an unintentional violation of social rules and manners of conduct D) Repetition of such behaviours in various instances may be either deliberate or unintended E) In this sense, embarrassment can be regarded as a social counterpart to physical pain
28.
Malcolm : I believe a great deal of research needs to be made of Martin Luther King and his ideas. Jacob : I fully agree with you, since he was the preeminent figure in the civil rights movements started by blacks in the United States during the 1960s. Malcolm : ---Jacob : On the contrary. Fundamentally, he aspired to a fully integrated nation of all the Americans..
30.
(I) Glassy materials are relative latecomers in the history of technology. (II) The earliest was faience and might be called a pre-glass. (III) It was made by coating a core material of powdered quartz with a vitreous alkaline glaze. (IV) Originating in predynastic Egypt, it was much used in dynastic times for simple beads and pendants. (V) Moreover, the Romans' output of glass was not matched until the Industrial Revolution.. A) I
A) Before King, various civil rights groups in America had started to organize boycotts and demonstrations to condemn racial discrimination against blacks in all walks of life. B) Unfortunately, his inspiring career as a defender of civil rights in America was tragically ended by assassination in 1968. C) In fact, civil rights laws passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1960s did bring American blacks some measure of equality with regard to voting rights. D) Yes, of course. Yet, he‘s been accused of seeking complete independence from white society. E) As you know, the civil rights movements of the 1960s in America clearly showed the chasm between the egalitarian promises of American democracy and the real inequalities at the core of American social and political life. 29.
Although Senegal is neither a large nor a strategically-located country, it has nonetheless played a prominent role in African politics since its independence.. A) Senegal is a small African country with no strategic importance; however, ever since it gained independence, it has always been in the forefront of African politics B) As a minor but strategically significant country, Senegal has been very active in the politics of Africa since its independence. C) Once Senegal, which is a major African country with some strategic importance, gained its independence, it began to pay much attention to political developments in Africa at large. D) Despite the fact that Senegal has had much importance in African politics since its independence, its strategic position has been of no significance. E) As an African country, Senegal is so small that it has little strategic importance, and its involvement in African politics has not been notable ever since it gained independence.
B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
B
2
E
3
C
4
E
5
B
6
A
7
D
8
E
9
C
10
C
11
B
12
E
13
B
14
C
15
A
16
D
17
E
18
B
19
E
20
D
21
E
22
D
23
B
24
C
25
A
26
C
27
E
28
D
29
A
30
E
19
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Few Arab governments have any legal ---- to monitor arms trade..
6.
If they ---- us their plans at the beginning, these problems ---- us now. .
A) interpretation
A)
B) framework
B) had shown / would not be worrying
C) judgement
C)
D) adoption
D) have shown / could not be worrying
E) obsession
E) will show / may not be worrying
A combination of factors made the 1984 accident in a storage tank at a Union Carbide plant in India almost ----..
7.
showed / would not have been worrying
show / will not be worrying
---- some cancers, the best therapy is a combination ---- surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy..
A) crucial
A) With / through
B) inevitable
B) About / in
C) vulnerable
C) For / of
D) bearable
D) At / within
E) permanent
E) On / to
Dublin is a fairly easy city to ---- because of its frequent and efficient bus and underground services..
8.
---- compared to their butter-loving American counterparts, Italians consume 24 times the amount of olive oil per person..
A) get around
A) As though
B) make over
B) Until
C) set up
C) When
D) get on
D) Unless
E) go with
E) Just as
Recent excavations in Algeria ---- that Homo erectus ---- there between 500, 000 and 750, 000 years ago..
9.
Traffic congestion is frequently not caused by overloading ---- by small disturbances in the flow..
A) have indicated / resided
A) as
B) had indicated / has resided
B) but
C) indicated / would reside
C) as well as
D) could have indicated / had been residing
D) more
E) indicate / had resided
E) than
Humans ---- up of approximately 55 to 65% water, ---- on gender, so water is necessary to survive..
10.
It’s a fascinating and moving documentary, and includes interviews with children ---- adults.. A) owing to
A) have been made / to depend B) will be made / to have depended C) are made / depending D) were made / having depended E) can be made / to be depending
B) according to C) in case of D) contrary to E) as well as
11.
---- bicycles are all red, ---- is the only blue one.. A) Theirs / yours B) Others / his C) Ours / hers D) The other / mine E) Your / him
12.
Biodiesel is ---- used for running vehicles and machines, ---- it can be used as heating oil in homes, power generation and is also an effective cleaner, paint remover and solvent.. A) as / as B) more / than C) so /that D) as / well as E) not only / but also
13.
Chloroform is no longer used as an anaesthetic for several reasons, the most important of ---- is the relatively high risk of complications, including possible heart failure.. A) that B) whose C) what D) which E) it
In Britain, firemen have been on partial strike for months,demanding a huge pay increase (I) ---- bitterly resisting changes to their working conditions. Tony Blair's labor government has watched with (II) ----alarm as a series of elections has put militant leaders (III) ---- the top jobs at some of the biggest unions. In April, Kevin Curran (IV) ---- the more moderate John Edmonds as leader of the GMB, Britain's fourth-largest union; and in May a leftwinger defeated the (V) ---- favored by the Labor Party for the leadership of the powerful T&G union.
19.
This is actually a camera ----.. A) though it is roughly the same size as a credit card B) if only I could afford to buy it C) that unfortunately it doesnt have a zoom D) since the shape was hardly recognizable E) as we have been wondering about which one to buy
14.
I.
20.
A) when
A) that they are willing to do a great deal of travelling
B) while
B) who has a real talent for organization
C) for
C) until he finds someone who really is suitable
D) as
D) since at present several positions are available
E) whether 15.
II. A) some B) any C) such D) an E) as
16.
III. A) over B) up C) past D) into E) by
17.
IV. A) succeeding B) has succeeded C) would succeed D) having succeeded E) succeeded
18.
V. A) candidate B) applicant C) nominee D) client E) participant
The personnel officer is looking for someone ----..
E) whether they have the right qualifications 21.
The Austrian composer Haydns contributions to classical music, especially in the domain of symphony, are of immense importance for the influence they exercised upon Mozart and other composers.. A) Avusturyalı besteci Haydnın klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni alanına katkıları, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerine yaptığı etkilerden dolayı çok büyük önem taşır. B) Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerinde etkili olan Avusturyalı besteci Haydn'ın klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni alanına yaptığı katkıları oldukça önemlidir. C) Klasik müziğe, özellikle senfoni türüne katkıları çok önemli olan Avusturyalı besteci Haydn, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerinde etkili olmuştur. D) Özellikle senfoni türündeki klasik müziğe yaptığı katkıları büyük önem taşıyan Avusturyalı besteci Haydn'ın, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerindeki etkisi büyüktür. E) Klasik müziğin özellikle senfoni dalına yaptığı katkıları çok büyük önem taşıyan Avusturyalı besteci Haydn'ın, Mozart ve diğer besteciler üzerindeki etkisi kapsamlı olmuştur.
22.
Tüm AB devletleri, Ekonomi ve Para Birliği‘nin parçası olmalarına rağmen, AB ülkelerinin tümü, Avro bölgesinin parçası değildir.. A) Since the Economic and Monetary Union consists of all the EU states, the inclusion in the euro area of every EU country is not out of place. B) Although all EU states are part of the Economic and Monetary Union, not all EU countries are part of the euro area. C) Even if EU states all make up the Economic and Monetary Union, the euro area does not include every EU country. D) Even though every EU country is not included in the euro area, the Economic and Monetary Union is made up of all the EU states. E) It is unlikely that every EU country, which is part of the Economic and Monetary Union, will also be part of the EU area.
The way in which British people view Britain’s role in the world is still influenced by its past. Today Britain is an important regional power, but in the recent past it was a world power. Until World War II, Britain ruled the largest empire that the world has ever known.Incredible as it may seem today, during the 1920s, almost one-fifth of the world’s population lived under British rule. But the empire disappeared rapidly during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as the colonies that had made up the empire gained their independence. In the aftermath of the empire, British leaders were not very successful in adapting to play a much smaller part in world affairs. However, Britain’sallies made it clear that they no longer saw Britain as a major force in world politics. The “special relationship” which was said to exist between Britain and the United States weakened as other European countries, particularly Germany, recovered after World War II. So, whereas London had been recognized by American leaders as the “capital” of Europe during the 1940s and the 1950s, Bonn was seen as the new capital of Europe during the 1960s.
23.
The point is made in the passage that, during the period following World War II, ----.. A) London and Bonn were equally regarded by the world as the major political centres of Europe B) the American attitude towards Britain was still one of admiration and strong cooperation C) the Americans followed a policy of neutrality towards Britain and Germany D)
Britain lost the empire and so ceased to be a leading power in the world
E) Britain and the United States formulated a set of new policies to strengthen their relationship 24.
The writer claims that British people ----.. A) do not share the policies adopted by other European countries towards the United States B) attach great importance to relations with the United States C) think of Britain’s place in world politics today in terms of their imperial past D)
still regard the former colonies, along with the United States, as their lasting and strongest allies
E) no longer think that the political legacy of their empire has any significance whatsoever
25.
The writer asserts in the passage that the demographic and territorial size of the British Empire ----.. A) remained unchanged right into the 1960s, when some colonies began to gain their independence B) was the cause of much hostility from Germany and other European countries C) led American leaders into thinking that Germany was not a major force in world politics D) was an indication of the fact that Britain had a large number of colonies seeking independence E) was so vast that no other empire in world history was ever a match for it
26.
In the passage, the writer ----.. A) depicts a very distorted picture of Britain’s colonies in their struggle for independence B) points to the fact that Britain is still an important European power
27.
C)
explains how American political leaders deliberately undermined Britain’s relations with Germany
D)
approves the political strategies formulated by British leaders in the aftermath of World War II
E)
discusses the economic reasons for the decline of the British empire
Recently a great deal of research has been carried out on the benefits of marriage. On average, married people are healthier and have lower mortality rates than single, divorced or separated people. ----. Moreover, they suffer from less anxiety, depression and other mental ailments. These findings apply to both sexes.. A) Formal marriage usually involves a higher degree of personal commitment B) This claim is still widely repeated C) Several research projects show that women also benefit D) This means that serious violence among married couples is fairly uncommon E) Their lives are more regular and secure and they engage in fewer harmful activities
28.
George : Recently I have been much interested in the social history of the marketplace in medieval England, on which I plan to write a book. Juliet : The social history of the marketplace? It is rather a dull subject, isn‘t it? George : ---Juliet : Really? Then I take back what I‘ve just said. I‘ll be keenly interested in what you write about it.. A) Well, in a way, yes. In the past and today, the marketplace was just a site for the buying and selling of commodities. B) On the contrary. In fact, the heart of the matter is that the marketplace served as a place to socialize and a forum for interaction among people from all walks of life. C) At first glance, it would seem that there are many differences between the marketplaces of the past and the marketplaces of today. D) Unfortunately, the stock and commodities exchanges and malls have none of the spirit of the traditional marketplace. E) Exactly. It is hard to define the purpose and goal of the marketplace not only in England but also in the rest of Europe.
29.
While the world has been distracted by Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran has come closer to the point where it could build an atomic bomb.. A) Contrary to Iraq and Afghanistan, both of which have been the object of international attention, Iran has upgraded its capacity to develop more nuclear arms. B) Both Iraq and Afghanistan continue to preoccupy the world, which has remained indifferent to Iran‘s attempts to produce new weapons. C) In developing nuclear arms, Iran pays no attention to international reactions, since the world is wholly concerned with issues in Iraq and Afghanistan. D) Because the world‘s attention has been drawn completely to Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran has in the meantime made much progress towards the development of an atomic bomb. E) It is true that Iran has made some advances in developing nuclear weapons, while the circumstances in Iraq and Afghanistan continue to draw international attention.
30.
(I) Sprawling across a vast plain at an altitude of almost 2, 000 metres and ringed by mountains, Erzurum is one of Turkey‘s coldest cities. (II) It is also by far the most developed city in the region. (III) Erzincan‘s history has been marked by earthquakes, notably those of 1939 and 1992. (IV) Because it was located astride the main caravan route from India to Europe and controlled the passage between the Caucasus and Anatolia, Erzurum was fought over and ruled by many peoples from the Byzantines to the Ottomans. (V) Yet its most famous sights date from Seljuk times.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
B
2
B
3
A
4
A
5
C
6
B
7
C
8
C
9
B
10
E
11
D
12
E
13
D
14
B
15
A
16
D
17
E
18
A
19
A
20
B
21
A
22
B
23
D
24
C
25
E
26
B
27
E
28
B
29
D
30
C
20
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Soccer‘s many creative possibilities ---- in part from its being played on such a large field..
6.
If all of the Arctic ice ----, global sea levels ---- by 23 feet, submerging most coastal areas..
A) entail
A)
melted / will rise
B) consist
B)
is to melt / are rising
C) conclude
C) were to melt / could rise
D) claim
D)
E) derive
E) had melted / rose
Consumers in the Gulf countries have ---- higher real purchasing power because of sustained low inflation..
7.
will melt / rise
Homer ---- the Byzantines was simultaneously a literary model, an instructional textbook, and a guide ---- personal morality and wisdom..
A) inclusively
A) into / within
B) expensively
B) through / around
C) considerably
C) down / before
D) faintly
D) after / above
E) bilaterally
E) for / to
The EU recognizes that progress on human rights around the world ---- the cooperation and collaboration of many groups and individuals..
8.
Many of the most important developments in absolute dating ---- World War II have come from the use of 'radioactive clocks'..
A) gets into
A) since
B) makes up
B) during
C) takes off
C) until
D) depends on
D) before
E) puts off
E) up to
Although she ---- properly yet, the recipient of the world‘s first face transplant ---- well, according to the first scientific report of the operation..
9.
---- great advances are being made in the treatment and prevention of neurological conditions, there is still a long way to go..
A) hadn‘t smiled / would have done
A) Until
B) didn‘t smile / will do
B) Although
C) doesn‘t smile / may have done
C) However
D) couldn‘t have smiled / does
D) Whether
E) can‘t smile / is doing
E) Since
Present-day Ghana became officially ---- as the Gold Coast when it ---- over by the British Empire in 1821..
10.
---- appearing every four to seven years as it used to, “El Nino” has now been appearing consecutively for a number of years..
A) being known / had taken
A) On account of
B) known / was taken
B) In view of
C) having been known / was taking
C) Because of
D) to be known / took
D) In case of
E) to know / had been taken
E) Instead of
11.
Middle children are obviously affected by the fact that they never have their parents’ attention all to ----.. A) themselves B) each C) itself D) one another E) each other
12.
Hopefully, ---- science can provide evidence of the physical damage done to a neglected young brain ---- money will be poured into preventing the neglect in the first place.. A) more / even so B) the more / the more C) either / or D) so / as E) as if / so
13.
AIDS is a disease ---- has given rise to much speculation.. A) whom B) whose C) what D) which E) who
Satellite-servicing technology is being used to upgrade the Hubble Space Telescope to perform beyond its initial design requirements. Two astronauts have replaced the telescope's solar panels (I)---- higher-performance ones. The most impressive improvement, however, has come with the (II) ---- of a new camera to record the images seen by the Hubble. Its increased sensitivity makes it ten (III) ---- as powerful as its predecessor, and it (IV) ---dramatically sharper images, some of them of stars and galaxies that were (V) ---- to the old Hubble.
19.
Some researchers have recently questioned ----.. A) whether drug protocols used in American lethal injections produce death without pain B) that some people used to believe capital punishment was wrong C) which lethal injections replaced death by hanging D) because it is obliged to execute as humanely as it can
14.
I.
E) when the time has come for renewed consideration of the death penalty
A) from B) with
15.
20.
---- since she was in a hurry to get back..
C) to
A) She recognized the bookshop at once
D) against
B) The hotel was fairly near to the centre of town
E) over
C) She returned to the hotel by taxi D) Suddenly the car came to a stop
II.
E) It was already beginning to get dark A) distribution B) application C) installation D) duplication E) reaction 16.
III. A) times B) figures C) degrees D) periods E) points
17.
IV. A) will produce B) had produced C) has produced D) may produce E) would produce
18.
V. A) incapable B) inappropriate C) inadequate D) indestructible E) invisible
21.
No certainty has yet been reached about the meaning of the name London, but it was the Romans who almost certainly founded the city.. A) Londra adının anlamına ilişkin bir kesinliğe henüz ulaşılamamıştır, ancak şehri kuranlar, hemen hemen kesinlikle Romalılardı. B) Londra adının ne anlama geldiğine ilişkin hiçbir kesinlik yoktur, ancak şehri Romalıların kurmuş olduğu kesindir. C) Londrayı kuranların Romalılar olduğu hemen hemen kesin ise de Londra adının anlamına ilişkin bilgiler kesin değildir. D) Londrayı Romalıların kurmuş olduğu kesindir, fakat Londra adının ne anlama geldiği hususunda kesin bir kanıta ulaşılamamıştır. E) Londra adının anlamı hakkında kesin kanıtlara ulaşılamamış olmasına rağmen, şehrin Romalılar tarafından kurulmuş olduğu kesindir.
22.
Çoğu bilim insanı, yıllarca, gezegenimizdeki ekolojik sistemlerin dengesinin gerçekten ne denli hassas olduğunun önemini kavramamıştır.. A) For years, most scientists have underestimated just how delicate the balance of the ecological systems on our planet really is. B) The question as to whether the ecological systems on our planet have a delicate balance has in fact been overlooked for years by many scientists. C) The ecological systems on our planet are so delicate that, for years, most scientists have not really taken them into account. D) Our planet‘s ecological systems, which are really extremely delicate, have been neglected for years by various scientists. E) Many scientists have failed for years to understand that our planet‘s ecological systems are indeed very delicate.
The most important idea of the nineteenth century in Britain was that everyone had the right to personal freedom, and this became the basis of capitalism.This idea, which had originated with Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, spread widely due to the popularity of his book The Wealth of Nations. After Adam Smith, several capitalist economists argued that the government should not interfere in trade and industry at all. Fewer laws, they claimed, meant more freedom, and freedom for individuals would lead to happiness for the greatest number of people. These ideas were eagerly accepted by the growing middle class. However, it soon became very clear that the freedom of factory owners to do as they pleased had led to slavery and misery for the poor, not to happiness or freedom. By 1820, more and more people had begun to accept the idea that the government must interfere to protect the poor and the weak. The result was a number of laws to improve working conditions. For instance, one of the laws, which went into effect in 1833, limited the number of hours that women and children were allowed to work.
23.
As pointed out in the passage, in the early decades of the nineteenth century in Britain ----..
25.
A) were much upset about the practices of factory owners and, therefore, made proposals to the government to stop child labour B) believed that more laws were needed to encourage commercial and industrial activities throughout the country C) were so concerned with the happiness of the majority in society that they provided employment even for women and children D) did their best to improve the economy of the country and fully supported the government’s economic policies E)
26.
C) aws to improve working conditions in the factories were eventually introduced
C) most factory owners introduced a wide range of measures to improve the working conditions of women and children
24.
It is stated in the passage that the idea of individual freedom, ----.. A) widely popular among factory owners, led to a serious decline in trade and industry in nineteenthcentury Britain B)
first put forward by Adam Smith in the eighteenth century, led to the rise of a capitalist economy in Britain
C) supported by capitalist economists, in fact had nothing to do with the development of the capitalist economy in Britain D) which formed the essence of Britain’s government policies, had been originally attacked by Adam Smith E) which was confined to economic activities, had much influence on the government’s economic policies in Britain in the eighteenth century
Though it was still widely believed in nineteenth century Britain that laws limit freedom, ----..
B) factory owners felt that they needed the protection of laws
B) the English middle class strongly supported the government’s proposals for the improvement of life for the poor
E) the government strongly held the view that new legislative steps had to be taken to increase the effectiveness of capitalism in the country
maintained that commercial and industrial activities were to be completely free from any government interference
A) the government in Britain did not hold with this belief
A) a growing number of people shared the view that the poor had to be protected against capitalist abuse
D) the government adopted a new policy which ultimately led to the abolition of slavery in the country
According to the passage, following in the footsteps of Adam Smith, a number of capitalist economists in Britain ----..
D) Adam Smith did not share this view E) the book, The Wealth of Nations, discredited this theory 27.
Andy Stern runs the largest and fastest growing labour union in the US. ----. But today you probably do not. For his activities receive almost no coverage in the press.. A) Actually, only 8.2 per cent of the private-sector workforce is still enrolled in unions B) If this were 25 or 50 or 100 years ago, you would surely know of a labour leader like Stern C) Unless organized labour's constitution is overhauled the movement will keep on withering D) Low-wage hospital and clerical workers really do need a union E) More innovative labour proposals include a global minimum wage
28.
Marian :- What do you think about multimillionaire Donald Trump? It says in this article that he may not be as rich as people think. Susan :- ---Marian :- But most of his money is sunk into businesses, many of which are failing. Susan :- He always seems to stay on top, though, doesn’t he?. A) What do you think the secret of his success is? B) From his lifestyle, it certainly seems as though he has a lot of money. C) He has a very charismatic personality, I suppose that explains it. D) I think he should be doing more charity work with all his income. E) How did he make his fortune in the first place?
29.
At the end of World War II, Algerian nationalists called on the Allies to recognize Algeria‘s independence in return for their good service during the war.. A) When World War II ended, Algerian nationalists, claiming that Algeria had made a useful contribution during the war, appealed to the Allies to acknowledge as right the independence of their country. B) As soon as World War II ended, the Allies were approached by Algerian nationalists to grant independence to Algeria, since they had benefited from the resources of the country. C) Algerian nationalists had served the Allies so well during World War II that, as soon as the war ended, they expected them to grant full independence. D) Following World War II, in which Algeria had played a useful part, the Allies were required by Algerian nationalists to grant independence to their country. E) Since Algeria had offered the Allies various services during World War II, Algerian nationalists were keen to secure with Allied support the independence of their country.
30.
(I) On average, 30% of the solar radiation that falls on Earth is immediately reflected away by clouds and surfaces, especially snow, ice, and ocean. (II) Trees of tropical rain forests are usually evergreen flowering plants. (III) The remaining 70% is absorbed by Earth and runs the water cycle, drives winds and ocean currents, powers photosynthesis, and warms the planet. (IV) Ultimately, however, all of this energy is lost by the continual radiation of long-wave infrared energy into space. (V) In fact, if heat gains from solar radiation were not balanced by losses, the Earth would heat up or cool down. . A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
E
2
C
3
D
4
E
5
B
6
C
7
E
8
A
9
B
10
E
11
A
12
B
13
D
14
B
15
C
16
A
17
C
18
E
19
A
20
C
21
A
22
A
23
A
24
B
25
E
26
C
27
B
28
B
29
A
30
B
21
1.
2.
Foreshadowing is an established literary ---- that adds layers of meaning to events or details in films and literary works. .
A) are / to have found
B) indication
B) were / to be finding
C) device
C) have been / having found
D) deception
D) will be / finding
E) appreciation
E) would be / to find
Health risks from pesticide exposure are probably small for healthy adults, but children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems may be ---- to some types of pesticide poisoning..
B) substantial C) severe D) reversible E) vulnerable Billions of useful bacteria colonize our guts, but because antibiotics are lethal to a whole range of microbes, drugs taken for a chest infection, for example, ---- friendly bacteria too.. A) wipe out B) sort out C) build up D)
take back
E) move in 4.
Experts ---- skeptical of an archaeologist's claims ---- the world's first Christian church in a cave in Jordan..
A) reference
A) hostile
3.
5.
More than 50 years ago, six European nations ---to submit their coal and steel industries to common management, so that no single country ---- the weapons of war to be used against another.. A) have agreed / had fabricated B) agreed / could fabricate C) had agreed / have fabricated D) agree / will fabricate E) may have agreed / had been fabricating
6.
If Australian conservationists ---- an extensive preservation campaign back in the 1960s, the population of saltwater crocodiles of the north --- even less than the present number of 100.. A) have not implemented / is B) would not implement / would have been C) weren’t implementing / will have been D) weren’t implemented / will be E) had not implemented / would be
7.
From the mid-fifteenth century ----, Lisbon began to emerge as a significant market ---- slavery.. A) up / about B) away / in C) out / round D) on / of E) over / at
8.
The British workforce works longer hours than most of its European counterparts, --- productivity is not improved as a result.. A) so B) therefore C) since D) as E) yet
9.
In studying protein-coding sequences, the initiation and the termination codons are usually excluded ---- these two codons almost never change with time.. A) whereas B) in case C) but D) instead of E) since
10.
In art history, primitivism is a notion crucial to 20th-century art and modern thinking ---- a specific movement or group of artists.. A) in that B) instead of C) the same as D) rather than E) whereas
11.
It is estimated that there are as little as 2 million to as many as 50 million more species that have not ---- been found and/or have been incorrectly classified.. A) also B) or C) so D) yet E) just
12.
---- children see us read, ---- inclined they are to want to read.. A) Neither / nor B) Both / and C) Either / or D) The more / the more E) Other / than
13.
Many surgeons believe that a patient ---- face bears a calm expression immediately before an operation is likely to require less anaesthesia during the procedure.. A) what B) which C) whatever D) that E) whose
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882) was a sage, not a scientist, but he was more keenly interested in the scientific advances of his day than is commonly realized. One of his early aspirations was to be 'a naturalist', and he started his career (I) ---- a lecturer- essayist by giving talks on natural science, (II) ---- one focused on the chemical composition of water. (III) ---- Emerson went on to make his mark primarily in the areas of literature, religion, philosophy, and social reform;he remained an eager lifelong student of both traditional and contemporary natural and social science. To date, however, this side of Emerson's thought and life (IV) ---- only a handful of significant scholarly discussions. Emerson's Life In Science is the best of books (V) ---- this aspect of Emerson that have marked the bicentennial of his birth, and it is one that will endure.
18.
V. A) to B) for C) on D) with E) at
19.
My brother was very surprised ----.. A) when he got a message from a long-lost friend B) unless he met an old friend one day
14.
I.
C) where an old friend turned up suddenly D) if an old friend turns up
A) more
E) how old he himself was
B) so C) such
20.
D) as
A) Researchers have almost given up hope
E) only 15.
B) There is no need to look any farther
II.
C) New discoveries are actually very rare D) Water has been found on Mars
A) describing
E) The scheme was still being developed
B) including C) considering D) intending
----, which suggests there may be life there..
21.
From the 1960s onwards, there has been an increasing interest in the West in books written by and about women, and several publishing firms have been set up to meet this interest..
E) defining 16.
III. A) although B) therefore C) so that D) but E) since
17.
IV. A) should attract B) is attracting C) will attract D) has attracted E) had attracted
A) 1960lardan itibaren Batıda, kadınlar tarafından ve kadınlar hakkında yazılan kitaplara giderek artan bir ilgi olmuş ve bu ilgiyi karşılamak için birçok yayın şirketi kurulmuştur. B) 1960lardan sonra, kadınlar tarafından ve kadınlar hakkında yazılan kitaplara aşırı bir ilgi oluşunca, ihtiyacı karşılamak için Batıda pek çok yayın şirketi kurulmuştur. C) 1960larda Batıda kadınlar tarafından ve kadınlar hakkında yazılan kitaplara ilgi artınca, bunun sonucu çok sayıda yayın şirketi kurulmuştur. D) 1960lardan sonra Batıda kurulan çeşitli yayın şirketleri, kadınlar tarafından ve kadınlar hakkında yazılan kitaplara giderek artan bir ilgi göstermişlerdir. E) Kadınlar hakkında ve kadınlar tarafından yazılan kitapların giderek artan bir ilgi görmesi üzerine, 1960larda Batıda çeşitli yayın şirketleri kurulmuştur.
22.
Mevcut küresel kriz nedeniyle uluslararası ticaretin çökmesi, kalkınma iktisatçılarını, ticareti, bir büyüme motoru olarak görme konusunda kuşkulandırmıştır.. A) The fact that trade is an engine of growth has been dismissed by development economists, since the current global crisis has caused the collapse of international trade. B) The current global crisis has undermined international trade, and this has led development economists to scepticism about trade as a means of growth. C) In view of the current global crisis and its adverse impact on international trade, many development economists have come to disregard trade as an engine of growth. D) Due to the current global crisis and the decline of international trade, development economists doubt whether trade can be regarded as an effective means of growth. E) The collapse of international trade due to the current global crisis has made development economists sceptical about regarding trade as an engine of growth.
Chief imperial architect Sinan was in his eighties when he built the Selimiye, which marks the zenith of his lifelong endeavour to perfect the domed building. The Suleymaniye Mosque had taken him nearly to the zenith of his creative power, but Selimiye was the crown of his genius. The mosque was built to commemorate the conquest of Cyprus, perhaps Selim ll's sole military achievement. Either because no hilltop remained in Istanbul worthy of such a monument or perhaps as a gesture of loyalty to a city where Selim had spent nine years of his life, it was decided that the mosque should be built in Edirne. The chosen site was the hill of Sanbayir overlooking the city, and the acquisition of land commenced. In those years horticulture was one of the main sources of income in Edirne, and Sanbayir was covered with flower nurseries growing principally tulips. The story goes that a woman who owned a small tulip garden here objected to selling her land, and resisted official pressure for a considerable time. Finally, they took her to see Sinan, hoping the architect could persuade her. She agreed, but on one condition, that in some part of the mosque there should be a sign that there had once been a tulip garden. Sinan kept his word and had an inverted tulip motif carved on one of the marble pillars at the eastern corner of the muezzin's gallery in the centre of the mosque.
23.
According to the passage, it was with the Selimiye Mosque that Sinan ----.. A) reached the height of his architectural achievements. B) lost the favour of the Sultan C) transformed Edirne, making her into an imperial city D) repaid the debt he felt he owed to Edirne E) pioneered a number of structural techniques
24.
We understand from the passage that there was apparently more than one reason ----.. A) why Selim II chose Sinan as the architect of his new mosque B) why Edirne, not Istanbul, was chosen as the site of the Selimiye Mosque C) which made the woman refuse to give up her flower garden D) for Sinan\'s depiction of the tulip in an inverted position E) for Sinan\'s preference for the dome over other types of roofing
25.
It is pointed out in the passage that in Sinan's age ----.. A) the Suleymaniye Mosque was never surpassed by any other work of architecture B) the dome was the major architectural innovation C) the tulip gardens of Edime were a major source of wealth for the city D) the conquest of Cyprus was just one example of Selim ll\'s great victories E) Edirne was beginning to excel Istanbul as a fashionable city
26.
The phrase 'Sinan kept his word' means that Sinan ----.. A) ignored what had been asked of him B) said no more than was needed C) was reluctant to break his promise D) did what he had promised E) avoided what was expected of him
27.
Archaeologists have a duty, both to colleagues and to the general public, to explain what they are doing and why. ----. Further, their work can also be enjoyed by the wider public which, after all, has usually paid the bill for the work, however indirectly. . A) Up to 60 per cent of modern excavations apparently remain unpublished B) Archaeologists often prefer to dig new sites rather than devote time to laborious post-excavation analysis C) Many projects depend upon the willing hands of amateur enthusiasts D) Unfortunately, some archaeologists hoard their finds and prevent colleagues from gaining access to them E) Basically, this means publishing the discoveries so that the results are available to other scholars
28.
James:- Works of Islamic art can be expensive beyond reason. Tim:- And this is due to what? James:- ---Tim:- Oh, that makes sense.. A) Don’t you remember that you took a course in Islamic Art Treasures when you were at university? B) Would-be buyers with more modest incomes can’t afford these works. C) Islamic art is so beautiful, isn’t it? D) Baghdad and Islamic Spain were both major centres of Arab culture in general. E) Collectors from the oil- and gas-rich states of the Gulf push the prices sky-high.
29.
The increasing wealth of late medieval Europe transformed the social structure of European society.. A) Europe in the Middle Ages accumulated much wealth, and this was due to new developments in European social life. B) In the late Middle Ages, Europe became increasingly rich, and this led to a structural change in society. C) The social changes witnessed in Europe towards the end of the Middle Ages were wholly related to contemporary economic prosperity. D) European society in the late Middle Ages underwent a process of change due to the rise of wealthy classes. E) It was at the close of the Middle Ages that Europe experienced a major social and economic transformation.
30.
(I) In the long march of mankind from the cave to the computer, a central role has always been played by the idea of law. (II) Law is that element which binds the members of the community together in their adherence to recognized values and standards. (III) Every society, whether it is large or small, powerful or weak, has created for itself a framework of principles or rules within which to develop. (IV) And what is termed international law involves nation-states, not individual citizens. (V) What can or cannot be done, permissible acts, forbidden acts, have all been spelt out within the consciousness of that community.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
C
2
E
3
A
4
B
5
A
6
E
7
D
8
E
9
E
10
D
11
D
12
D
13
E
14
D
15
B
16
A
17
D
18
C
19
A
20
D
21
A
22
E
23
A
24
B
25
C
26
D
27
E
28
E
29
B
30
D
22
1.
The League of Nations, established in Geneva in 1920, included representatives from states throughout the world, but was severely weakened by the US decision not to become a member, and had no power to ---- its decisions..
If a new environmental or safety rule ---- in the auto industry, executives warn that the company ---- money.. A) were to be proposed / had lost
A) impress
B)
had been proposed / would have lost
B) compel
C)
will be proposed / is going to lose
C) accomplish
D) were proposed / should lose
D) implicate
E)
E) enforce 2.
6.
7.
The endlessly flat landscape and thousands of miles of well-maintained cycle tracks make cycling an ---- popular activity in the Netherlands..
is proposed / will lose
The arctic is one of the few areas ---- earth still left unconquered ---- solo explorers, primarily because of the extremely harsh conditions.. A) of / for B) over / from
A) additionally
C) in / with
B) effectively
D) on / by
C) ultimately
E) for / to
D) extremely E) accurately 3.
8.
Every time we turn on our lights, cook a meal or heat our homes, we are ---- some form of fuel to make it happen..
A) Because of
A) sending for
C) Since
B) waiting on
D) Despite
C) relying on
E) Therefore
D) making out
B) While
9.
E) pulling through 4.
---- a piece of metal is denser than water, it sinks in water..
She can have the job ---- she is willing to work on Saturdays.. A) apart from
North Korea still ---- a vast police state that ---- a network of concentration camps spanning the country..
B) owing to C) except
A) was maintaining / has included
D) provided
B) had maintained / would include
E) whereas
C) is maintaining / had included D) maintains / includes E) maintained / will include 5.
When ---- for olive oil, "refined" means that the oil ---- chemically to neutralize acid content..
10.
Contrary to perceptions outside Canada, the majority of Canadians are descended from the English, the Scots, and the Irish ---- from the French.. A) rather than B) more than
A) using /will have treated B) used / has been treated C) to use / will be treated D) being used / treated E) uses / is being treated
C) such as D) and so E) also
11.
Tony Miller has written ---- successful film music, but he is widely known ---- the keyboard player and composer for his rock group.. A) such / like B) more / that C) the more / by D) much / as E) many / enough
12.
The world is changing ---- rapidly now ---- there is no guarantee you will have a job for life, nor that the company you join will continue to exist.. A) so / that B) as / as C) such / as D) more / like E) much / than
13.
The heart is a hollow organ ---- interior contains two muscular and membranous tissue walls, one vertical and one horizontal.. A) whenever B) which C) where D) whose E) that
When the rage for orchids hit Europe in the nineteenth century, collectors immediately realized that greenhouses were needed to provide (I) ---- growing conditions. (II) ---greenhouses were a luxury (III) ---- the very wealthy. But before long, greenhouses (IV) ---- mass produced, (V) ---made them more affordable for orchid lovers of modest means.
14.
19.
A) some birds actually liked being admired B) it’s usually quite easy to observe wildlife C) it was very hard to get close to them D) other animals carried on as if nothing had happened
I.
E) it is not only the small ones that are easily frightened
A) better B) best
20.
C) as good
15.
If you move slowly and quietly, ----..
James Hutton, the “father of geology”, was an18th century farmer, ----..
D) the most
A) since there were many who opposed him
E) more
B) that many of his theories were published C) as the process of erosion seemed inevitable
II.
D) who was full of curiosity about the world A) At times
E) until the criticism began to be unpleasant
B) At present C) Eventually
21.
D) Hardly E) At first 16.
A) Eskiden de inanıldığı gibi, Amazonlar yayı çok daha etkili kullanmak için sağ göğüslerini aldırıyorlardı.
III.
B) Eski çağlarda, Amazonların, iyi yay kullanabilmek için sağ göğüslerini aldırdıkları sanılıyor.
A) for
C) Eskiçağda, Amazonların, yayı daha iyi tutmak için sağ göğüslerini aldırdıklarına inanılıyordu.
B) off
D) Eski çağlarda herkes, Amazonların, yayı daha iyi çekmek için sağ göğüslerini aldırdıklarına inanıyordu.
C) about D) over
E) Eskiçağda, sağ göğüslerini aldıran Amazonların yayı daha etkili kullandıklarına inanılıyordu.
E) from 17.
IV.
In antiquity it was believed that the Amazons had their right breast removed in order to hold a bow better..
22.
Her yabancı yazarın Çin‘e bakış açısı, içinde büyüdüğü ülke ile biçimlenir..
A) have been B) were being C) had been
E) will be
B) A foreign writer‘s attitude towards the Chinese is essentially inspired by the country in which he has grown up.
V.
C) How a foreign writer understands China depends a great deal on the country he originally comes from.
A) what
D) Every foreign writer‘s perspective on China is shaped by the country, in which he grew up.
D) would have been
18.
A) For a foreign writer, in order to have an opinion of China, he should first know his own country where he has grown up.
B) thus C) which D) but E) so
E) Before a foreign writer can understand China, he ought to focus in the first place on his own country in which he was born.
At first sight, doing away with paper and letting computers register votes seems an attractive proposition, at least in theory. Electronic votes can be easily counted and recounted. At a mock election held in Palm Beach, USA, for instance, it took no more than an hour to count all the votes. Ironically it is computer scientists, not officials, who are counseling caution. There is no way to verify that ballots are recorded, transmitted and tabulated properly, argues one computer-science professor. For one thing, it is theoretically impossible to determine whether computer systems are free from programming bugs. Many people feel that elections should not be paperless. They would like to see touch-screen systems connected direct to a printer to produce physical evidence of a voter's choice. Such a printout could be inspected by the voter and kept as evidence in case there were problems with the electronic voting system.
26.
A) that many people feel they can\\'t use them properly B) that there are many striking instances of when they have failed C) that they can be extremely costly D) due to the fact that they are all vulnerable to programming defects E) that the process of registering the votes is a very slow one 27.
23.
We learn from the passage that part of the skepticism concerning computerized voting systems is ----..
As it has been emphasized in the passage, a computerized vote ----..
The results of the experiment suggest that some animals, and by implication some people, can become overly dependent on sweet food. ----. Drugs give a bigger effect, but it's essentially the same process..
A) has frequently been used in the United States. A) Many practitioners, however, dispute the idea
B) needs to be supported with some sort of tangible evidence on paper.
B) It is as if the brain can get addicted to its own opioids as it would to morphine or heroin
C) has so far attracted very little serious attention and is unlikely to do so.
C) Some time soon the allegation that fast food is addictive will be made in court
D) cannot be printed out for evidence.
D) Sweets and snacks can produce instant satiation
E) can easily be correctly recorded and tabulated. 24.
E) The behaviour of these obese patients craving food, can be remarkably similar to drug cravings
As we understand from the passage, one of the benefits of computerized voting is that ---- .. 28. A) no one can possibly manipulate the process B) it keeps a permanent record of the votes C) the results can be obtained very rapidly D) it requires very little preparation and organization E) it provides the voter with the evidence of his/her vote
25.
As it is pointed out in the passage, it is the computer specialists themselves who ---- .. A) recognize the possible drawbacks of computerized voting B) strongly support the process of computerized voting C) will be responsible for the programming of the voting system D) are, in fact, producing programming bugs E) originally came up with the idea of computerized voting
Journalist:- As we know, world economies are going through a very difficult period. How does this affect the world of art? Painter:- Negative times can be very stimulating for artists. They make us more creative and fruitful. Journalist:- So, you’re saying artists should reflect their thoughts on economic policies in their works? Painter:- ----. A) Only a few artists have managed to become as wealthy as Salvador Dali in his prime. B) I’m not good at Economics because, as you know, I failed it in high school. C) When art materials become cheaper as a result of a shrinking economy, artists can buy more of them. D) Exactly. If you want to say something, now’s the time to say it. E) Never! An artist’s thoughts on politics in his country are nobody’s business but his own.
29.
The eighteenth century witnessed the last phase of Baroque music and had two of the greatest composers of all time: Bach and Handel.. A) The eighteenth century was noted for its interest in Baroque music, and at the time both Bach and Handel were the most notable representatives of this music. B) It was in the eighteenth century that Baroque music became most popular and that Bach and Handel were recognized as the most famous composers of the time. C) Bach and Handel were so admired in the eighteenth century that they were regarded as the greatest composers of Baroque music. D) Baroque music reached its final stage of development in the eighteenth century, which also produced Bach and Handel, regarded as the greatest composers ever. E) The development of Baroque music reached its climax in the eighteenth century when, as the greatest Baroque composers, Bach and Handel created the best of their music.
30.
(I) It is now nearly 40 years since John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. (II) The events of that fateful November day, however, still remain the subject of much controversy. (III) The real question is, was Lee Harvey Oswald really a loan assassin or was the murder the result of a major conspiracy? (IV) Several other members of the family have died in tragic circumstances (V) The assassination still remains one of the greatest mysteries of the twentieth century.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
E
2
D
3
C
4
D
5
B
6
E
7
D
8
C
9
D
10
A
11
D
12
A
13
D
14
A
15
E
16
A
17
B
18
C
19
B
20
D
21
C
22
D
23
B
24
C
25
A
26
D
27
B
28
D
29
D
30
D
23
1.
Good leadership is about tackling big challenges, and the first and most important step in this process is recognizing which ---- should take precedence over the others..
6.
If we are to get out of this political mess, someone ---- the lead, and the sooner they start the better.. A) has taken
A) obsessions
B) should have taken
B) debates
C) had to take
C) emissions
D) must have taken
D) candidates
E) will have to take
E) issues 7. 2.
By the 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire was little more than a ---- federation of the German princes who elected the Holy Roman emperor..
Almost 2 million people die ---- tuberculosis (TB) each year, mostly in developing countries lacking access ---- fast, accurate testing technology.. A)
A) negotiable
from / at
B) about / with
B) current
C) of / to
C) prescriptive
D) by / in
D) loose
E) with / through
E) recurrent 8. 3.
In complex animals we can identify ten major organ systems that together ---- the organism..
Comets are thought to have changed very little over the last 4 billion years, ---- their composition should hold clues to the origin of the solar system..
A) set off A) but
B) make up
B) whereas
C) hold up
C) just as
D) work out
D) in that
E) bring in
E) so 4.
Although constipation usually ---- lifestyle habits, in some cases it may be a side effect of medication or may reflect a medical problem such as tumours that ---- the passage of waste..
9.
---- the average education level of the women in the United States is higher than that of their male counterparts, they are highly concentrated in underpaid and menial jobs..
A) had reflected / obstruct A) Although
B) has reflected / obstructed C)
B) Now that
reflected / had obstructed
C) Until
D) will reflect / have obstructed
D) As if
E) reflects / are obstructing
E) In case 5.
Developmental psychology seeks ---- how people come to perceive, understand, and act within the world and how these processes ---- as they age..
10.
---- repairing nerve damage, glia may also be critical to learning and to forming memories..
A) to be understanding / changed
A) Contrary to
B) to understand / change
B) As regards
C) having understood / is changing
C) Just as
D) to have understood / will change
D) As well as
E) understanding / have changed
E) In spite of
11.
The troops Carthaginians employ were foreign and mercenary, whereas ---- of the Romans were natives of the soil and citizens.. A) that B) those C) the one D) every E) such
12.
The French sociologist Emile Durkheim argued that human beings are ---- individuals ---- social beings that exist in society.. A) not only / as well B) other / than C) such / that D) as much / also E) both / and
13.
Geometry, ---- name is derived from Greek words meaning 'earth measurement, ' is one of the oldest branches of mathematics.. A) as B) which C) that D) whose E) its
Until the middle of the nineteenth century, most Americans were indifferent to paint. Wood was plentiful and cheap especially on the frontier; (I) ---- most settler shad to chop down trees to dear their land.(II) ---- eager to start farming, they used their wood to build their cabins as cheaply and quickly as possible. If they had painted their buildings, this(III) ---- their durability; (IV) ---- painting was an expensive and time-consuming job. There were (V) ---more urgent calls upon their time and their money.
19.
Rabies is a deadly disease ----.. A) unless dogs don’t carry it into people’s homes B) if it is made available at many medical centres C) after the birth of a child has been recorded D) that can be transmitted from animals to people E) since all illnesses need to be treated quickly
14.
I. 20.
---- that does the rabies injection..
A) on the contrary A) In Ankara, there is only one hospital B) as if B) Several new hospitals will soon be opened C) similarly C) At that time, there were at least three hospitals in Erzurum
D) in case
15.
E) in fact
D) The government has approved the new hospital project
II.
E) At the hospital, the number of patients has increased lately
A) Having been B) To be
21.
In North America, the electrical grid has evolved in piece meal fashion over the past 100 years..
C) To have been D) Being E) Having to be
A) Kuzey Amerika’daki mevcut elektrik şebekesi, geçen 100 yıl boyunca aşama aşama oluşturulmuştur. B)
16.
III. A) had extended B) might have extended C) was extending D) would be extending E) might extend
17.
IV. A) but B) whether C) unless D) that E) if
18.
V. A) none B) any C) anywhere D) other E) so
Kuzey Amerika’daki elektrik şebekesi, geride kalan 100 yıl boyunca parça parça ancak kurulabilmiştir.
C) Kuzey Amerika’da, elektrik şebekesi, geçen 100 yıl içinde düzensiz bir şekilde gelişmiştir. D) Kuzey Amerika’daki elektrik şebekesinin bir bölümü, geçen 100 yıl içinde geliştirilmiştir. E) Kuzey Amerika elektrik şebekesinin adım adım gelişmesi, geçen 100 yıl içinde gerçekleşmiştir.
22.
OPEC‘in ikinci en büyük petrol ihracatçısı olarak, İran, halkının artan enerji gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla, sadece nükleer yakıt elde etmek için uranyumu zenginleştirmek istediğini iddia etmektedir.. A) Although Iran is the second largest oil exporting country in OPEC, it still continues to enrich uranium for the production of nuclear fuel and, thus, solve the rising energy crisis faced by its people. B) Iran, which is OPEC‘s second largest oil exporter, is resolved to enrich uranium and, thus, make nuclear fuel so that the desperate energy needs of its people can be met. C) As OPEC‘s second largest oil exporter, Iran claims that it wants to enrich uranium only to make nuclear fuel to meet the growing energy needs of its people. D) By enriching uranium, Iran, the second largest oil exporting OPEC member, intends to produce nuclear fuel in order to meet its people‘s increasing energy needs. E) Still OPEC‘s second largest oil exporter, Iran claims that it wishes to produce nuclear fuel by enriching uranium for the growing energy needs of its people.
To succeed in school, children must master three skills – reading, writing and arithmetic – but not all students readily grasp these basic skills. Among English-speaking children, an estimated 2 to 15% have trouble with reading or spelling, broadly classified as dyslexia. From 1 to 7% struggle to do math, a disability known as dyscalculia. Statistics vary but dyslexia appears to be more common among English speakers than among speakers of highly phonetic languages such as Turkish and Italian. It is believed that at least one child in most elementary school classes in the US suffers from dyslexia. Both dyslexia and dyscalculia defy easy explanation. Neither disorder is the result of faulty eyesight or hearing, both of which can also delay language acquisition but are easily corrected. Instead, children with dyslexia and dyscalculia have working sensory organs, apparently normal sensory and motor development and, sometimes, above-average intelligence. After more than 15 years of research, investigators now believe these conditions frequently involve so-called partial functional deficits of the senses: In affected children, the eyes and ears accurately register sights and sounds, letters, numbers and spoken syllables, but that information is misinterpreted as it is processed in the brain.
23.
As it is clearly stated in the passage, the disorder dyslexia ----.. A) is easily observed in phonetic languages like Turkish and Italian B) occurs in people who have dyscalculia C) is unheard of in the history of US education D) could have something to do with the type of language children are acquiring E) has not been documented for highly phonetic languages
24.
According to the passage, physical disabilities ---.. A) seem to play no role in the emergence of dyslexia and dyscalculia B) are the main causes for children’s inability to read and calculate C) are contributing factors responsible for dyslexia and dyscalculia D) can delay language acquisition in an estimated 2 to 15% of children E) are observed in at least one child in elementary school classes in the US
25.
According to the passage, ----.. A) children with dyslexia and dyscalculia may have difficulty in speaking their native language B) children with dyslexia and dyscalculia do not have normal sensory and motor development C) researchers often tend to confuse dyslexia with dyscalculia D) people with dyslexia and dyscalculia are often below average intelligence E) partial functional deficits could be to blame for dyslexia and dyscalculia
26.
It is stated in the passage that ----.. A) dyslexia and dyscalculia are the least important issues in the US B) reading, writing and arithmetic are areas crucial to academic success C) if it were not for dyslexia and dyscalculia, American education would be free of problems D) dyslexia and dyscalculia are the learning disabilities most easily solved by educationalists E) dyscalculia appears to be more widespread than dyslexia in elementary school classes
27.
A simple idea could make flying, much safer. Tests in the US have shown that cooling, fuel before it is put into an aircraft prevents fumes building up in the fuel tanks.____ . For this purpose, an American company has developed a system that cools fuels to -1 degree Celsius or below, before it is put into an aircraft. This is the ideal safety temperature and almost completely eliminates the chance of an explosion in the fuel tanks.. A) Research has revealed that the fuel delivered to an aircraft before take-off will heat up fast If the aircraft is in the sun B) The explosion of the TWA flight 800 off long, Island in the United States is thought to have been caused by a fire in one of the aircraft's tanks. C) As an aircraft climbs, the drop in pressure draws more fumes into the tanks, and if this occurs safety depends largely on the absence of a spark D) The US Federal aviation Administration has since been looking, at many ways of making, air travel safer E) The idea is to minimize vaporization, so that there is no danger of an explosion even if static electricity of faulty wiring, creates a spark
28.
Andrew: I’d just like to have a look around the shop. Shop Assistant: ---Andrew: Well, I’m looking for a present for my little daughter. Shop Assistant: You’ll certainly find something nice here.. A) Why don’t you try another shop? B) Which shop are you looking for, sir? C) We’re about to close. Can you hurry up, please? D) Anything specific in your mind? E) Unfortunately, we haven’t got such products.
29.
The attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 gave the term ―globalization a new and frightening meaning.. A) When the World Trade Center was attacked in 2001, the meaning of the term ―globalization‖ changed completely. B) Because of the attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center, the term ―globalization‖ has acquired a meaning which is both horrific and unusual. C) The usual meaning of the term ―globalization was further broadened by the terrifying attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center. D) The term ―globalization has lost its usual meaning in the aftermath of the attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center. E) Following the attack in 2001 on the World Trade Center, further meanings have been given to the term ―globalization
30.
(I) Perhaps no country in Asia needs mental health care more than Cambodia, a tormented nation where the scars of the 1975-79 Khmer Rouge regime are still fresh even a quarter of a century later. (II) Actually there has been a rapid improvement in mental health care in neighboring countries. (III) According to a survey conducted by the Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (PTO), 75% of adult Cambodians who lived through the Khmer Rouge era suffer from either extreme stress of post-traumatic stress disorder. (IV) Children born to this broken generation haven't done much better. (V) Aid workers estimate that 40% of young Cambodians suffer from stress disorders caused by growing up in a disappointed social group.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
E
2
D
3
B
4
E
5
B
6
E
7
C
8
E
9
A
10
D
11
B
12
E
13
D
14
E
15
D
16
B
17
A
18
D
19
D
20
A
21
C
22
C
23
D
24
A
25
E
26
B
27
B
28
D
29
B
30
B
24
1.
Scientists suggest that huge amounts of greenhouse gases will be ---- into the atmosphere if rising temperatures cause the Arctic permafrost to melt..
6.
If the doctor ---- for additional tests to be performed, then this illustrates that he ---- other problems.. A) had asked / suspects
A) produced
B) would ask / may suspect
B) accelerated
C) asks / suspects
C) disrupted
D) has asked / had suspected
D) released
E) asked / will suspect
E) joined 7. 2.
3.
At times during the last Ice Age the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation was ---- weaker than it is today. .
The modern era of Shakespeare scholarship has been marked ---- an enormous amount of investigation ---- the authorship, text, and chronology of his plays..
A) pleasantly
A) from / at
B) rarely
B) by / into
C) considerably
C) down / over
D) directly
D) out / of
E) fully
E) in / for
The projects will be ---- originality of thought and potential impact on society by distinguished specialists..
8.
Research evidence suggests that, in their games, girls show preference for home-centered interests ---- boys are drawn to more naughty and dangerous themes and plots. .
A) judged on A) unless
B) related to
B) when
C) applied to
C) as though
D) brought up
D) whereas
E) dealt with
E) now that 4.
Indeed, some studies ---- that taking the glycemic effect into account in meal planning ---a practical way to improve glucose control..
9.
---- winemaking in France dates back to preRoman times it was the Romans who spread the practice..
A) have shown / is A) Although
B) show / was
B) Until
C) had shown / had been
C) If
D) showed / will be
D) Whether
E) could show / has been
E) In that 5.
---- the types of individuals it seeks to attract, an organization ---- to consider what methods to use to reach them..
10.
The Ancient Greeks saw wine as a staple of domestic life ---- a viable economic trade commodity..
A) To have established / could need B) Having established / needs C) Establishing / had needed D) Established / needed E) Being established / will need
A) as well as B) on behalf of C) by no means D) in excess of E) according to
11.
Having already read that interesting book, I was looking forward to enjoying another by ---author. A) such B) similar C) same D) a certain E) the same
12.
Scientists wondered ---- Dolly, the cloned sheep would live a normal life span ---- simply live out the remaining years of the sheep from which she had been cloned.. A) more / than B) so / that C) whether / or D) neither / nor E) just / as
13.
Any magnet, whether it is in the shape of a bar or a horseshoe, has two ends, called poles, --- the magnetic effect is strongest.. A) which B) what C) how D) where E) that
I was at Manchester's Bridge water Hall last week to hear an all-Byrd programme performed to a packed hall. This would have been unimaginable (I) ---- 20 years ago. Not surprisingly, a good (II) ---- of the audience applauded in the wrong places. I regard this as good news (III) ---- bad news. This was a new audience (IV) ---- to a concert hall by CD recordings and I (V)---- the experience of being a part of it.
19.
As the salaries are related to achievements, ----.. A) few people were interested in working here B) research at this institute is highly competitive C) all the applicants would have been confident and ambitious D) no one will have foreseen such a problem
14.
I. A) for
E) standards continued to be impressively high 20.
B) hardly C) still
A) while some geologists were studying the stratification of rocks
D) yet
15.
E) even
B) when there were significant achievements in the newly developing science of geology
II.
C) in which these guidelines were to be the basis of archaeological excavations D)
A) impression B) supply
D) proportion E) quality III. A) apart from B) so long as C) rather than D) in addition to E) except 17.
IV. A) attracted B) having been attracted C) having attracted D) to attract E) attracting
18.
V. A) seemed B) abandoned C) preferred D) sensed E) valued
that the discipline of archaeology became truly established
E) before the term “prehistory” itself came into general use
C) example
16.
It was not until the middle of the 19th century ---..
21.
Global competition regarding limited petroleum and natural gas resources is intense, and even a mild production shortage can send prices skyrocketing, as we have been seeing for sometime.. A) Sınırlı petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları konusunda küresel rekabet yoğundur ve, bir süredir gördüğümüz gibi, hafif bir üretim açığı bile fiyatları birden yükseltebilir. B) Petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları sınırlı olduğu için küresel rekabet oldukça yoğundur ve üretimde en ufak bir azalma, son zamanlarda görüldüğü gibi, fiyatları fırlatmaktadır. C) Sınırlı olan petrol ve doğal gaz kaynaklarına yönelik küresel rekabet o denli yoğundur ki, yakın zamandan beri gözlemlediğimiz gibi, en küçük bir üretim açığı bile fiyatları birden yükseltmektedir. D) Küresel rekabetin yoğun olduğu petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları oldukça sınırlıdır ve, bir süredir görüldüğü gibi, üretimde oluşan en küçük bir kısıtlama bile fiyatları oldukça yükseğe çekmektedir. E) Sınırlı petrol ve doğal gaz kaynakları konusundaki yoğun küresel rekabet nedeniyle, bir süredir gördüğümüz gibi, üretimin hafif de olsa düşmesi sonucu fiyatlar alabildiğine yükselmektedir.
22.
1870‘lerden itibaren, pazar, mal ve nüfuz arayışı, Avrupalı sanayileşmiş ülkelerin emperyalist yayılışını körüklemiş ve sonuçta onları çoğu kez birbirleriyle karşı karşıya getirmiştir.. A) From the 1870s on, search for markets, goods, and influence fuelled the imperial expansion of the European industrialized countries and, consequently, often put them at odds with each other. B) During the decades following the 1870s, the imperial expansion of the European industrialized countries was mainly characterized through search for markets, goods, and influence, which frequently led these countries into hostilities. C) As of 1870, the industrialized countries of Europe got into a search for markets, goods, and influence and were, therefore, involved in imperial expansion that made them hostile to each other. D) The imperial expansion of the European industrialized countries gained much momentum after the 1870s as they were in search of markets, goods, and influence and, consequently, acted most aggressively against each other. E) Search by the European industrialized countries in the 1870s for markets, goods, and influence led to imperial expansion and brought them into serious hostilities.
A population is a group of individual organisms of the same kind that are limited to some particular space.The most familiar example is the human population, but there are also populations of animals and plants everywhere on Earth. In fact, scientists regard a population as a biological unit that has both structure and function. The parts of a population are its individual members. The functions of a population are similar to those of other biological units: growth, development, and self-maintenance in a changing environment. Individuals enter a population by birth and by moving in, that is, by immigration. Individuals leave a population by death and by moving out, that is, by emigration. If the environment of a population remains the same, loss and replacement of members are in balance. The population will be able to survive in that particular environment. If the environment changes, however, loss or addition of members increases or decreases the size of the population.
23.
It is pointed out in the passage that the changes that occur in the environment of a population ---.. A) have an impact, negative or positive, on the members of that population B) speed up the process of replacement of the members of the population C) always contribute greatly to the survival of all the members of that population D) are mostly caused by the uncontrollable size of that population E) can be reduced through an increase in the size of the population
24.
According to the passage, what is called a “population” in biology ----.. A) can be defined as any group of organisms that is not subject to loss and replacement B)
is a biological unit that has only the function of growth
C)
is a group of animals and plants that can survive all kinds of environmental changes
D) solely refers to any human group that lives in a specific region on Earth E)
is a unit that consists of the same kind of individual organisms living in a particular area
25.
It is clear from the passage that, so long as a population lives in a constant environment, ----.. A) the growth, development, and self-maintenance of its members can be fully controlled B) its size remains more or less stable C) it usually undergoes a rapid structural change, which considerably affects its size D) the replacement of its members is relatively slow, compared with other populations in different environments E) its survival becomes difficult owing to the uncontrollable increase in its size
26.
As it is indicated in the passage, if the addition of new members to a population exceeds loss, ---. . A) this can have a restrictive effect on emigrations from the population B) this has no effect whatsoever on the environment in which the population lives C)
the survival of the population can be maintained in a balanced way
D) the size of the population shows a growing pattern E) new measures must be introduced to prevent environmental changes 27.
Here we are in this complicated world. We did not make it; but we find ourselves in it. We have to do our best to survive in it. ----. And we would like to improve those parts of it over which we have any control or influence.. A) We also hope to enjoy being alive in it with our fellows B) This, of course, is just another philosophical view C) We need to understand the world better D) Perhaps that would be to act in a rather selfish way E) In the first place, a better understanding of ourselves is essential
28.
Mother: - There's still no sign of improvement that I can see. Doctor: - But the tests today show that he is beginning to respond to the treatment. Mother: - ---Doctor: - Oh yes. A very good sign indeed.. A) Are you quite sure about that? B) Does that mean he\\'s started to recover? C) What does that signify? D) Well, that\\'s a good sign, isn\\'t it? E) How long does the treatment usually last?
29.
The city of Port Elizabeth lies in one of South Africa‘s poorest provinces, a region burdened with 40 per cent unemployment.. A) The city of Port Elizabeth is situated in a province in South Africa that is one of the poorest, suffering from an unemployment rate of 40 per cent. B) The province in which lies the city of Port Elizabeth is completely underdeveloped due to a 40 per cent rate of unemployment. C) The city of Port Elizabeth is so poor that the province in which it is situated has an unemployment rate of 40 per cent. D) One of the least prosperous provinces in South Africa is that of Port Elizabeth, where unemployment has risen to 40 per cent. E) South Africa has several least developed provinces, in one of which lies the city of Port Elizabeth, with a rate of 40 per cent unemployment.
30.
(I) The most popular talk show on Arab TV is The Opposite Direction. (II) The show is hosted by Faisal al-Kasim, a forty-two-year-old with glasses. (III) The chance to take part in the region‘s first experiment with free journalism was one that could not be missed. (IV) Al-Kasim moderates while two guests debate a topic of his choosing; viewers join in by telephone, fax and e-mail. (V) No other Arab television personality is as controversial, as despised or as revered as alKasim. . A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
D
2
C
3
A
4
A
5
B
6
C
7
B
8
D
9
A
10
A
11
E
12
C
13
D
14
E
15
D
16
C
17
A
18
E
19
B
20
D
21
A
22
A
23
A
24
E
25
B
26
D
27
A
28
D
29
A
30
C
25
1.
Marine biodiversity ensures that ecosystems recover relatively quickly after an accidental or natural ----..
6.
If natural selection ---- running, we ---- a lot more like apes now.. A) would not have favoured / had looked
A) disturbance
B) has not favoured / will look
B) hesitation
C) did not favour / looked
C) encouragement
D) had not favoured / would look
D) dedication
E) does not favour / have looked
E) spectacle 7. 2.
European companies are stepping up their investment in the Libyan gas sector, as the Libyan government is increasingly ---- to welcome them..
As it had in World War I, Argentina proclaimed neutrality ---- the outbreak of World War II, but in the closing phase it declared war ---- the Axis powers.. A) over / after
A) tentative
B) for / with
B) essential
C) at / on
C) obvious
D) about / through
D) similar
E) from / above
E) keen 8. 3.
Often thought of as the smallest unit of living organisms, a cell is ---- of many even smaller parts, each with its own function..
A) In contrast
A) broken down
B) Due to
B) made up
C) Since
C) run out
D) Likewise
D) taken after
E) Nonetheless
E) turned up 4.
---- so many of the team members were ill, its not surprising that we lost the match..
9.
To the astronomers of the Middle Ages, the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy ---- Aristotle and Ptolemy, since both ---- frameworks that explained the whole universe..
Temperature is difficult to define precisely, ---we all have an idea of what we mean by it.. A) whether B) in case C) just as
A) had been / created
D) but
B) are / have created
E) so far as
C) were / had created D) have been / create
10.
Certain reactions, ---- catalytic methanation, appear to stop before they are complete. .
E) may have been / were creating A) instead of 5.
During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the use of deprivation studies ---- scientists ---- a number of vitamins..
B) such as
A) have allowed / to have identified
D) in case of
B) were allowing / to be identify
E) with reference to
C) allowed / to identify D) allow / having identified E) had allowed / identifying
C) in place of
11.
The Agency produced an interim report in 2009 stating that it was ---- early to propose a migration strategy as more information on safety certification in Member States was needed.. A) as well as B) just so C) just as D) as soon as E) as yet too
12.
In the works of many twentiethcentury dramatists it is possible to see ---- the individual writer's Ideas and experience ---- some of the social and political developments of his period.. A) as much / as B) not only / but also C) only / such as D) more / than E) whether / or
13.
Laser beams, ---- are useful in both medicine and industry, were first predicted in science fiction some fifty years ago.. A) which B) what C) whatever D) where E) whose
James Joyce was born in Dublin of a middle-class Catholic family. (I) ---- his mother was a devout Catholic, his father was a man who was opposed to the Church and fiercely objected to the interference (II) ---- the Catholic clergy in Irish politics. Joyce attended Clongowes Wood College for several years, but (III) ---- to leave when his family fell upon increasing economic hardship. Then, he attended a Christian Brothers school, Belvedere College and later University College Dublin, where he (IV) ---- modern European languages. He left Ireland for Paris but returned to Dublin for a short while (V) ---- learning that his mother was dying.
14.
19.
A) Apart from the fact that Anthony Crosland had influenced the Prime Minister B) However opposed to the European Union Anthony Crosland and some of his colleagues may have been C) When Britain\'s Foreign Secretary Anthony Crosland died in February 1977 D) Unless Anthony Crosland had a landslide victory in the elections
I.
E) If Anthony Crosland had reached an agreement with some African leaders on further trade concessions
A) Besides B) Since C) As if
20.
D) Though E) Even 15.
II.
B) The great increase, in recent years, of corporate profits is never taken into account C) Over the years, magazines like The Economist have promoted the idea
B) of C) about
D) Globalisation and free trade have undermined the socio-economic structure of the non-industrialised countries
D) in E) to
E) Self-interest is not the only value for global economic activities
III. 21. A) was forced B) is forced C) has been forced D) would have forced E) would be forced
17.
IV. A) assumed B) studied C) involved D) established E) affirmed
18.
---- that financial growth is development and that this development is good for the underdeveloped countries.. A) Multinational companies often have negative environmental effects
A) for
16.
----, he was succeeded by Dr David Owen, who at the age of 37, was the youngest person to hold this office over the past forty years..
V. A) whenever B) until C) after D) while E) as
We value all the arts because they enrich and diversify our emotional life.. A) Duygu yaşamımızın zengin olmasını ve çeşitlilik kazanmasını sağlayan tüm sanatlar bizim için değerlidir. B) Tüm sanatlara değer vererek duygu yaşamımızın zengin ve çeşitli olmasını sağlarız. C) Duygu yaşamımızın zenginleşmesi ve farklı olması için tüm sanatlara değer veririz. D) Tüm sanatlara değer veririz çünkü duygu yaşamımızı zenginleştirir ve çeşitlendirirler. E) Bizim için değerli olan tüm sanatlar, duygu yaşamımızı zenginleştirir ve çeşitlendirir.
22.
Pek çok başka insan gibi, 1920‘lerde ve 1930‘larda romancılar, şairler ve oyun yazarları, I. Dünya Savaşı‘nın insanlık dışı koşullarından ve zaferin, vaatlerini yerine getirememesinden düş kırıklığına uğramışlardır.. A) It was because of the unbearable conditions of World War I that, in the 1920s and 1930s, novelists, poets, and dramatists as well as many other people felt disillusioned and did not believe that victory would fulfil its promises. B) Like many other people, novelists, poets and dramatists in the 1920s and 1930s were disillusioned by the inhuman conditions of World War I and by the failure of victory to fulfil its promises. C) In the 1920s and 1930s, not only novelists, poets and dramatists, but also many other people were so disillusioned by the harsh facts of World War I that, for them, the promises of victory could not be fulfilled. D) Besides the inhuman circumstances of World War I, the failure of victory to fulfil its promises made novelists, poets, dramatists and many other people in the 1920s and 1930s extremely disillusioned. E) The brute circumstances of World War I and the failure of victory to fulfil its promises made novelists, poets, dramatists and various other people feel very disillusioned in the 1920s and 1930s.
The entire future of human space exploration rests on a patch of lunar ice. For the past two years NASA has focused on designing a new crew vehicle and launch system that could return astronauts to the moon by 2018. The agency’s ultimate goal is to establish a permanent lunar base and use it for a human mission to Mars. But the grand plan depends on a risky prediction that NASA will find water ice in a permanently shadowed crater basin at one of the moon’s poles. Plentiful ice deposits would be an asset for lunar colonists, who could use the water for life support or convert it to hydrogen and oxygen rocket fuel. And two orbiters sent to the moon in the 1990s, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, found evidence of ice in perpetually shadowed polar areas where consistently frigid temperatures would preserve the water carried to the moon by comet and meteorite impacts. But some scientists have disputed Clementine’s radar data, and the anomalous neutron emissions observed by Lunar Prospector could have been caused by atomic hydrogen in the lunar soil instead of ice.
23.
26.
A) to protect it from further damage from comet and meteorite impacts B) for a full exploration of atomic hydrogen in the lunar soil
27.
It can be understood from the passage that some scientists ----..
B) want to send two orbiters to the moon, called Clementine and Lunar Prospector
E) A common misconception is that anyone who can speak a second language will make a good translator of legal texts.
A) the frigid polar areas would first need to be artificially heated
25.
Legal translations are one of the trickiest translations known. A legal translation will always need specialist attention, for law is culture-dependent and requires a translator with an excellent understanding of both the source and target cultures. ---- This is because there is no real margin for error; the mistranslation of a passage in a contract could, for example, have disastrous consequences. Therefore, the target text is to be read by someone who is familiar with another legal system and its language..
D) Due to the continuing evolution of the translation industry, there are now certain terms used to define specialist translations.
According to the passage, in order for humans to live permanently on the moon, ----..
NASA must remove the plentiful ice deposits at the poles
so that they can bring the ice found there back to Earth
C) Some go as far as to say that legal translations are not really possible.
E) maintain that a human mission to Mars could not be successfully launched from the moon
D)
D)
B) Technical translations are usually more expensive than general translations as they contain a high amount of terminology.
D) do not believe that comets and meteorites could possibly have carried water to the moon
C) NASA must first prepare a human mission to Mars
in order to build a permanent base there for space exploration
A) Most translation agencies would always use a legal professional to undertake such work.
C) disagree with the evidence that seems to show the existence of water ice on the moon
B) NASA needs to first prove the existence of water ice there
C)
E) despite the fact that the lunar surface has frigid temperatures
A) think that human space exploration should not continue
24.
The passage makes it clear that NASA wants to return astronauts to the moon ----..
28.
Doctor: - Is Mark your only child? Mrs. Walker: - ---Doctor: - Do they have similar symptoms? Mrs. Walker: - No, they are both quite well.. A) No, there are two others.
E) water must be carried there by the two orbiters, Clementine and Lunar Prospector
B) Yes, that\\'s right.
It is pointed out in the passage that Clementine and Lunar Prospector ----..
D) No, he has a younger brother.
C) Yes, he is only fourteen.
E) Yes, he is used to playing by himself. A) were used to establish a permanent lunar base B) tried to preserve the water carried to the moon by comet and meteorite impacts C)
will be used as crew vehicles to transport astronauts to the moon
D) returned faulty data during their exploration of the moon’s polar regions E) have, according to some scientists, discovered traces of ice in the polar areas of the moon
29.
Historians emphasize Byzantine trade and industry because these provided most of the surplus wealth that supported the state.. A) There is a general consensus among historians that the economic importance of trade and industry in the Byzantine empire cannot be ignored. B) According to historians, in the Byzantine empire, trade and industry played a relatively important role in the economy. C) As far as historians are concerned, the economic prosperity of the Byzantine state depended, to some extent, on commercial and industrial activities. D) It is commonly recognized by historians that the Byzantine state could not have survived without the economic contributions of trade and industry. E) Since the Byzantine state largely depended on the revenues generated by trade and industry, historians attach much importance to them.
30.
(I) An average individual experiences a lifetime of perhaps 70 years or so. (II) That person, through the memories of his or her parents and grandparents, may also indirectly experience earlier periods of time back over one or two generations. (III) The study of history gives one access - even less directly but often no less vividly - into hundreds of years of recorded time. (IV) This idea that something is older or younger relative to something else is the basis of relative dating. (V) But it is only archaeology that opens up the almost unimaginable vistas of thousands of years of past human existence.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
A
2
E
3
B
4
C
5
C
6
D
7
C
8
C
9
D
10
B
11
E
12
B
13
A
14
D
15
B
16
A
17
B
18
C
19
C
20
C
21
D
22
B
23
C
24
B
25
E
26
C
27
A
28
A
29
E
30
D
26
1.
For people who have a family history of a genetic disorder but no symptoms, a predictive test can help ---- a person’s risk for developing the disorder in the future..
If there ---- any delay in getting him to hospital the outcome ---- fatal.. A) had been /could have proved
A) sustain
B) is / would have proved
B) remove
C) were / will have proved
C) determine
D) has been / is proving
D) arouse
E) will be / would prove
E) represent 2.
6.
7.
---- poor after World War II, Crete is now thriving from tourism..
Archaeological records show evidence ---- local plants being used as medicine ---- ancient Egyptian and Stone Age times.. A) about / at
A) Necessarily
B) of / in
B) Adequately
C) with / by
C) Accurately
D) from / for
D) Tentatively
E) on / to
E) Desperately 8. 3.
4.
The major component of most gallstones is cholesterol, though some are ---- of calcium salts..
---- physical activity can enhance physical functioning, reduce anxiety, stress, and depression, it also poses some hazards to one’s physical and psychological health..
A) swept away
A) Although
B) kept away
B) Since
C) broken down
C) Whether
D) looked after
D) In case
E) made up
E) Unless
Though warfare ---- a characteristic feature of international relations in the Late Bronze Age, the most powerful states of the time in the Mediterranean basin ---- a balance of power that stabilized trade and diplomacy..
9.
At present, the European Union imports about one quarter of its gas and one third of its oil from Russia, ---- countries such as Slovakia, Finland, Poland, Hungary, the Baltic states and the Ukraine are totally or very heavily dependent on Russian energy. .
A) had remained / were creating A) even though
B) remained / created
B) since
C) has remained / would have created
C) whether
D) remains / had created
D) while
E) must have remained / have created
E) in case 5.
Walking at a moderate pace for 30-60 minutes at a time ---- stored fat and builds muscle, thereby --- metabolism and weight loss..
10.
---- regulate the life of a society, general and legal rules are set down in written form by the highest legislative authority of a country..
A) burns / increasing B) is burning / to have increased C) will burn / to be increasing D) burnt / to increase E) has burnt / being increased
A) Due to B) In order to C) With reference to D) Contrary to E) With regard to
11.
The Atatürk Dam, which is ---- the largest dams in the world, is capable of generating 8.9rnbillion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually from the run-off of the vast lake ---- its construction created.. A) such as / of which B) one of / that C) more than / which D) other than / some of E) between / where
12.
Countries are interested ---- in their absolute economic welfare, ---- in how well they are performing compared to other countries.. A) both / as well as B) as / as C) so much / as D) more / but E) not only / but also
13.
In Africa, the irresponsible sewage discharge of an exclusive hotel gradually put an end to the sea food harvest on ---- a local village depended for its livelihood.. A) that B) which C) what D) where E) whom
The rising price of fertilisers and chemicals has forced Sri Lankan farmers to return to traditional farming methods. (I) ---- the country’s Green Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s was taking place, farmers had already started moving towards (II) ---- these products, all of which promised increased crop yields and enhanced productivity. Now, the British non-governmental organization War on Want is collaborating with local farmers to promote (III) ---- agriculture and self-sufficiency by encouraging organic farming. The projects (IV) ---- new forms of mixed-cropping, composting, seed cultivation and other inexpensive farming practises. All surplus produce is sold at local markets, providing many families with much needed money (V) ----education and health care.
14.
I. A) When B) How C) Which D) Whereas E) After
15.
II. A) to be used B) used C) to use D) being used E) using
16.
III. A) agreeable B) sustainable C) replicable D) available E) describable
17.
IV. A) used to encourage B) would encourage C) were to encourage D) had encouraged E) encourage
18.
V. A) for B) in C) over D) from E) to
19.
----, he would have to face a great deal of criticism from his own party.. A) Unless he decides to make a public apology for the way he has behaved B) However trivial the matter clearly seemed to you C) If he were to object to these amendments to the Housing Bill D) Until people started to forget this rather scandalous affair E) As no one’s attention is presently centred upon the budget
20.
---- which is the media of the national culture.. A) A majority of these people are probably of nonWelsh origin B) Welsh people are deeply attached to their native tongue C) The Welsh system of education closely resembles that of England D) The Welsh are a people of quick intelligence E) In 1955 Cardiff was recognised as the capital of Wales
21.
The development of computers has been amazingly rapid, and the future could be different from todays forecasts.. A) Bilgisayarlarda gelişimin şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı olması, geleceğin öngörülenden farklı olabileceğini gösteriyor. B) Bilgisayarlar şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim gösterdiği için gelecek bugünden farklı olabilir. C) Bilgisayarların gelişimi şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı olmuştur ve gelecek, bugünün tahminlerinden farklı olabilir. D) Şaşırtıcı derecede hızlı bir gelişim gösteren bilgisayarlar ile gelecek, bugünden farklı olabilir. E) Bilgisayarlar şaşırıõıõ derecede hızlı bir gelişim göstermiştir, fakat gelecek, bugün düşünülenlerden farklı olabilir.
22.
Dadaist sanatçılar, eserlerinin anlamsız ve gayriciddi olduğunu iddia etmişlerdir, ancak eleştirmenler, farklı düşünüyor ve onların eserlerini bilinçaltının ifadeleri olarak görüyorlardı.. A) Upon dadaist artists‘ claim that their works were devoid of any meaning or serious purpose, critics objected and asserted that dadaist Works essentially represented the subconscious. B) Although, for dadaist artists, their works had no meaning or serious purpose, critics differed from them and claimed that dadaist Works represented the subconscious. C) Despite the fact that dadaist artists regarded their works as meaningless and playful, critics had a completely different view and argued that dadaist works were actually concerned with the subconscious. D) Dadaist artists claimed that their works were meaningless and playful, but critics thought otherwise and regarded their works as expressions of the subconscious. E) Contrary to the dadaist artists‘ claim that in their works there was no meaning or serious purpose, critics maintained that dadaist works were all expressions of the subconscious.
Stem cells, unlike all other cells in the body, can copy themselves indefinitely. So-called adult stem cells are found in many parts of the body, constantly rejuvenating the brain, remodeling arteries so blood can bypass clogs, and growing new skin to heal wounds. However, adult stem cells have more limited power than embryonic stem cells, which can turn in to any type of cell in the body. Indeed, scientists are hoping that embryonic stem cells could be turned into neurons to fix damaged brains, cardiac cells to repair damaged hearts, or pancreatic cells to create insulin for people with diabetes. Maybe they could even be used to regenerate whole organs. To date, scientists worldwide have made more than 100 different human embryonic cell lines. Still, the existing lines have serious limitations. Most have been grown on a lattice of mouse embryonic skin cells for support. Consequently, the human embryonic cells are contaminated by mouse cells, and though they’re still useful for research, they cannot at present be used to develop therapies for humans.
23.
26.
A) have been manipulated by scientists in order to produce new organs B) are not as well-understood as other types of cells in our bodies C) are always actively engaged in our bodies D) will someday be used to regenerate whole organs E) 27.
According to the passage, the main problem with the currently existing embryonic stem cell lines is ----.. A) the fact that they could be turned into neurons
C) that there are not enough of them to develop therapies useful for treating human diseases
E) 24.
C) There are such pressures as the cost of water and reduced water availability on irrigators to improve the water use efficiency of water crops.
that they do not produce reliable research results
As regards the therapeutic possibilities, the passage emphasizes the advantages of ----..
D) It is important that water should be supplied with sufficient frequency to meet the water needs of the whole plant.
A) developing human embryonic stem cells based on mouse cells
E) These take their cues from environmental variables like humidity, temperature and, most importantly, soil water availability.
B) embryonic stem cells over adult stem cells
D) man-made embryonic stem cell lines E) adult stem cells when used to rejuvenate the blood 25.
We see from the passage that embryonic stem cells ----.. A) are far less versatile than adult stem cells B) hold no possibility of being used to cure disease C) in the past were able to treat illnesses, but cannot be used for this purpose today D) might, in the future, be used to treat humans with damaged brains or hearts E) cannot reproduce themselves, unlike adult stem cells
Citrus is an evergreen plant that requires water all year around and there are times when avoidance of water stress is critical. On the other hand, at other times, stress can trigger physiological responses that allow the plant to cope satisfactorily with reduced water availability. ---- It is the existence of these mechanisms that allows the use of modified irrigation scheduling techniques to manipulate the soil water environment to potentially maximize biological activity and also improve water use efficiency..
B) The link between water stress and small fruit size means that it is necessary to find a different approach to irrigating to improve the quality of fruit.
that they are contaminated by the mouse cells upon which they have been grown
C) human embryonic stem cells over mouse embryonic skin cells
can turn into any other cell type
A) In citriculture, fruit yield and quality outcomes may not be tightly related to levels of available water.
B) the lack of diversity between the different lines
D)
lt is understood from the passage that adult stem cells ----..
28.
Pam: - What's 'kwashiorkor'? Nellie: - It's an acute form of proteinenergy malnutrition. Pam: - ---Nellie: - Arms and legs like matchsticks and a swollen belly.. A) Is it easy to diagnose? B) Is there any special age group for it? C) How can it be treated? D) Is it confined to the Third-World countries? E) What are the symptoms?
29.
No sooner did Israel declare its independence in May 1948 than its five neighbouring states invaded it.. A) As soon as Israel declared its independence in May 1948, it was invaded by the five countries bordering it. B) The invasion of Israel by its five neighbours had already been decided before its independence was declared in May 1948. C) It was in May 1948 that, following its declaration of independence, Israel faced an invasion by its five neighbours. D) When Israel declared its independence in May 1948, its five neighbours decided to invade it. E) Upon Israel‘s declaration of independence in May 1948, the five states that bordered it jointly invaded it.
30.
(I) There are two very remarkable buildings at Fontaineblau, a small town 65 kilometres southeast of Paris. (II) One is the gorgeous castle visited by a thousand tourists a day - a place where kings spent their summers and where Napoleon took his baths. (III) The other is a stone prison behind a high wall at the other side of town, which draws only a couple of hundred visitors a month. (IV) Nevertheless, this prison is the perfect counterweight to the more celebrated sights of Fontaineblau. (V) The other is museum which unfortunately is underfunded.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
C
2
E
3
E
4
B
5
A
6
A
7
B
8
A
9
D
10
B
11
B
12
E
13
B
14
A
15
E
16
B
17
E
18
A
19
C
20
B
21
C
22
D
23
D
24
B
25
D
26
C
27
E
28
E
29
A
30
E
27
1.
2.
Many cell phones now have the same ---- as personal computers..
6.
If the permafrost ----, it ---- huge amounts of methane..
A) functionality
A) melted / can release
B) ambition
B) had melted / had released
C) care
C) were to melt / released
D) worry
D) melts / could release
E) attentiveness
E) is melting / would release
Due to its geographical position, ---- historical heritage, and strategic importance, Strasbourg was chosen as a seat for various European institutions..
7.
The main difference ---- the comedy of ideas and other forms ---- comedy is that it does not depend on a situation for its humour.. A) about / in
A) familiar
B) through / for
B) rich
C) between / of
C) fluent
D) over / from
D) elective
E) with / at
E) subsequent 8. 3.
4.
If this business goes on in such an awful way, it will ---- hundreds of unemployed..
Much of the immune system‘s machinery is geared towards killing or eliminating invading microbes ---- they have been recognized..
A) do without
A) once
B) hang around with
B) although
C) end up with
C) even if
D) go up against
D) in case
E)
E) whereby
make out for
Although their responses ---- as obvious as those of animals, plants ---- the capacity to respond to light, gravity, water, touch, and other stimuli..
9.
Several species of birds in Vietnam vanished during the war, ---- they began to reappear in the 1980s and their gradual return has been encouraged by Vietnamese villagers..
A) may not be / have A) but
B) have not been / had
B) since
C) were not / have had
C) unless
D) had not been / are having
D) when
E) would not be / would have had
E) if 5.
The clock face which ---- in its present form since the seventeenth century is on its way out, ---- its place to the digital clock.. A) exists / has left
10.
Every Turkish citizen over the age of 25 is eligible to be a deputy in Parliament ---- he or she has completed primary education and has not been convicted of a serious crime..
B) existed / is leaving
A) with the idea that
C) had existed / was leaving
B) from the point of view that
D) was existing / had left
C) despite the fact that
E) has existed / leaving
D)
by the fact that
E) on condition that
11.
The Namit Desert in Angola is ---- desert in the world.. A) the old B) as old as C) oldest D) older E) the oldest
12.
In the current financial crisis, Italy is alone among the big European countries in having ---- a bank rescue fund ---- a stated figure for the sum it is ready to make available.. A) more / than B) neither / nor C) such / as D) so / that E) just / as
13.
If there is one thing that is more astonishing than the ability of the adult human to talk, it is the process ---- he learns to do it.. A) whichever B) where C) that D) however E) by which
In the later part of the Middle Ages, cities created asylums to cope with the mentally ill. These asylums were simply prisons; the inmates were kept on chains in dark, filthy cells and were treated more as animals (I)---- as human beings. It (II) ---- until 1792, when Philippe Pinel was placed in charge of an asylum in Paris, that some improvements were made. As an experiment, Pinel removed the chains that (III) ---- the inmates. Much (IV)---the amazement of skeptics, who thought Pinel was mad to unchain such' animals', the experiment was a success. When placed in clean, sunny rooms, and treated kindly, many people who for years (V) ---- hopelessly insane improved enough to leave the asylum.
14.
I. A) than B) like C) such D) so E) much
15.
II. A) has not been B) had not been C) was not D) would not be E) would not have been
16.
III. A) compelled B) restrained C) overloaded D) withdrew E) sustained
17.
IV. A) to B) of C) with D) for E) at
18.
V. A) will be considered B) have been considered C) were being considered D) had been considered E) are considered
19.
---- which is the medium of the national culture.. A) The Welsh are a people of quick intelligence B) A majority of these people are probably of nonWelsh origin C) The Welsh system of education closely resembles that of England D) Welsh people are deeply attached to their native tongue E) In 1955, Cardiff was recognized as the capital of Wales
20.
This is my favourite magazine, ----.. A) so I buy a copy nearly every month B) even though it may help me in many areas C) since I cannot really tell why D) so that it is getting very expensive E) which often makes me decide not to buy it anymore
21.
The European Union attributes much of its achievement to the respect for human rights and democracy, which is reflected in its laws, policies, institutions, and actions.. A) Yasalarına, politikalarına, kurumlarına ve eylemlerine insan hakları ve demokrasi saygısını yansıtan Avrupa Birliği, çok başarılı olmuştur. B) Avrupa Birliği, yasalarında, politikalarında, kurumlarında ve eylemlerinde, insan haklarına ve demokrasiye saygıyı yansıtmış ve bunda çok başarılı olmuştur. C) Avrupa Birliği, başarısının çoğunu, yasalarına, politikalarına, kurumlarına ve eylemlerine yansımış olan insan hakları ve demokrasi saygısına bağlar. D) Avrupa Birliği’nin insan haklarına ve demokrasiye duyduğu saygı, onun yasalarına, politikalarına, kurumlarına ve eylemlerine yansımış ve onu başarılı kılmıştır. E) Avrupa Birliği’nin başarısının çoğu, insan haklarına ve demokrasiye olan saygısı ile ilgilidir ve bu saygı, onun yasalarına, politikalarına, kurumlarına ve eylemlerine yansımıştır.
22.
Tüm zamanların en büyük düşünürlerinden biri kabul edilen Einstein, yirminci yüzyılın başlarında, bizzat geleneksel fiziğin temellerini sorgulamaya başlamıştır.. A) In the early years of the twentieth century, Einstein, who had begun to question traditional physics and its fundamentals, was regarded as the greatest intellect of his time. B) Einstein, who has long been considered to be one of the great thinkers of our age, was seriously concerned with traditional physics, which he began to question in the early years of the twentieth century. C) It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that Einstein, commonly regarded as a great intellect of his time, began to ask questions about the fundamentals of traditional physics D) As one of the greatest scientists of all time, Einstein began in the early years of the twentieth century to be concerned with the Fundamentals of traditional physics. E) Recognized as one of the greatest intellects of all time, Einstein began to question the very foundations of traditional physics early in the twentieth century.
Except perhaps for some remote island dwellers, most people have a natural tendency to view continents as fundamental, permanent and even characteristic features of Earth. One easily forgets that the world’s continental platforms amount only to scattered and isolated masses on a planet that is largely covered by water. But when viewed from space, the correct picture of Earth becomes immediately clear. It is a blue planet. From this perspective it seems quite extraordinary that over its long history, Earth could manage to hold a small fraction of its surface always above the sea —enabling, among other things, human evolution to proceed on dry land. Is the persistence of highstanding continents just an accident? How did Earth’s complicated crust come into existence? Has it been there all the time, like some primeval icing on a planetary cake, or has it evolved through the ages? Such questions engendered debates that divided scientists for many decades, but the fascinating story of how the terrestrial surface came to take its present form is now partly resolved. That understanding shows, remarkably enough, that the conditions required to form the continents of Earth may be unmatched in the rest of the solar system.
23.
26.
A) will be adversely affected if the oceans continue to be polluted B) have frequently chosen to live in comparative isolation in preference to living in a crowded city C) always demonstrate a keen interest in the solar system D) depend for their living more on the sea than on the land E) probably have a better perception of the reality of Earth than the majority of us 27.
One important point made in the passage is that ----..
B) scientists have finally been able to understand fully the mystery of Earth’s crust
B) The word 'work' has a variety of meanings in everyday language, but in physics, work is given a very specific meaning to describe what is accomplished by the action of a force.
C) people living on remote islands are so cut off from the rest of the world that they have no idea about what is happening elsewhere
C) Similarly, water at the top of a dam has potential energy, which is transformed into kinetic energy as the water falls.
D) the formation of the continents of Earth may have no parallel elsewhere in the solar system E) the growing pollution of the oceans is causing a great deal of concern among scientists
D) Besides the kinetic and potential energy of ordinary objects, there are other forms of energy, which include electric energy, nuclear energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy.
According to the passage, the question of how Earth’s continents came into being ----..
E) For instance, according to the atomic theory, thermal energy is interpreted as the kinetic energy of rapidly moving molecules.
A) has never attracted much attention B) has been one of the concerns of space research and exploration C) can best be answered through a comprehensive study of the other planets in the solar system D) is not likely to be resolved in the near future E) gave rise to considerable disagreement among scientists 25.
The passage calls Earth the “blue planet” to underline the fact that ----.. A) the waters of the oceans are crystal clear B) the geographical features of Earth are not very distinct when viewed from space C) many things on Earth are blue D) there is actually very little land on Earth E) it is man’s duty to keep the seas clean
Energy can be transformed from one form to another. A stone held high in the air has potential energy; as it falls, it loses potential energy, since its height above the ground decreases. At the same time, it gains in kinetic energy, since its velocity is increasing. Potential energy is being transformed into kinetic energy. ---- At the base of the dam, the kinetic energy of the water can be transferred into turbine blades and further transformed into electric energy.. A) As for potential energy, it is the energy associated with forces that depend on the position or configuration of a body or bodies and the surroundings.
A) new questions concerning the solar system are constantly coming to the fore
24.
The passage suggests that the inhabitants of small isolated islands ----..
28.
Reg: - Apparently the sixth most common reason people go online is to research their health problems. Emma: - That doesn't surprise me at all. Reg:- ---Emma: - So do I. There are an awful lot of web sites devoted to health information and many of them are really not reliable at all.. A) I don\\'t either. But it\\'s perfectly understandable that people should do so. B) Nor me. But it could do more harm than good. C) It doesn\\'t surprise me, either. But I find it worrying. D) I didn\\'t expect it to. But it doesn\\'t stop people worrying. E) I do, too. But some web sites are more reliable than others.
29.
The very term ―postcolonial underlines the fact that colonialism‘s legacies have endured in former colonies even after independence.. A) As can be understood from the term ―postcolonial, the independence of former colonies has been undermined by the continuation of colonial practices. B) Although former colonies have gained their independence, it is true that, as the term ―postcolonial itself indicates, they still feel the impact of colonialism. C) What is meant by the term ―postcolonial is that former colonies, which are now independent, have failed to preserve their colonial institutions. D) The fact that former colonies, which have all gained their independence, have got rid of their colonial past is indicated by the term ―postcolonial.‖ E) Since the independence of former colonies has enabled them to be aware of their colonial past, this is best defined by the term ―postcolonial.‖
30.
(I) Most of the developing countries are pressing ahead with social, political and economic reforms. (II) But without sustained external support, these efforts are unlikely to succeed. (III) Fortunately, there are some encouraging signs at present that economic support is forthcoming. (IV) Most developing countries have fantastic natural resources but they are unable to use them in order to increase their economic growth. (V) For example, the United States has pledged to increase aid spending by $ 5 billion a year and the EU has promised an additional $ 7 billion a year.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
A
2
B
3
C
4
A
5
E
6
D
7
C
8
A
9
A
10
E
11
E
12
B
13
E
14
A
15
C
16
B
17
A
18
D
19
D
20
A
21
C
22
E
23
D
24
E
25
D
26
E
27
C
28
C
29
B
30
D
28
1.
The Gulf, the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea are increasingly seen as potential trouble zones that could ---- energy supplies from the Middle East to Asia..
6.
If transport costs ---- into consideration at the outset, the plant ---- far from its present site!. A) will have taken / are being built
A) increase
B) were taken / had been built
B) disrupt
C) have been taken / have been built
C) consume
D) were being taken / will be built
D) involve
E) had been taken / would have been built
E) expand 7. 2.
The economies of most oil-producing nations in the Middle East rely ---- on exporting oil, just as the economy of the West, particularly that of the United States, depends on petroleum imports..
A) within / at
A) reluctantly
B) on / in
B) prosperously
C) through / by
C) brutally
D) into / for
D) previously
E) for / with
E) heavily 3.
The most expensive trip ---- space was made by a tourist who paid £14 million to Russia to visit the International Space Station ---- eight days..
8.
For decades, scientists have theorized that much of the universe is ---- nearly undetectable dark matter and dark energy..
In Renaissance England, though the European influence was strong ---- poetry was concerned, the native drama continued to develop and gain popularity.. A) as well as
A) made up of
B) in that
B) taken over by C)
C) so that
lost in
D) as far as
D) held on
E) in case
E) broken away from 9. 4.
5.
Ever since James R. Flynn ---- his startling results, psychologists and educators ---- to figure out whether people really are getting smarter..
Thanks to the popularity of nature documentaries on television, most people know that many animals migrate from one place to another ---- the seasons change..
A) has published / had struggled
A) so that
B) published / have struggled
B) even though
C) had published / will struggle
C) in case
D) was publishing / had been struggling
D) whether
E) publishes / are struggling
E) as
Global livestock production ---- one of the most important components of the agricultural sector, ---- human life in a number of important ways.. A) remained / to be sustaining
10.
---- the role of the school in developing students’ civic values, most proponents of citizenship education agree that it should involve a range of democratic values such as the sense of public responsibility..
B) has remained / having sustained
A) At least
C) remains / sustaining
B) In spite of
D) had remained /sustain
C) In comparison to
E) would remain / to sustain
D) With regard to E) Rather than
11.
The price of space travel is still ---- high for most people, but there are some ---- cheaper alternatives.. A) too / much B) so / more C) more / such D) as / even E) most / many
12.
The body‘s immune system attacks and eliminates ---- bacteria and other foreign substances ---- cancer cells.. A) not only / but also B) rather / than C) such / that D) as well as / and E) just as / as
13.
Is that the professor ---- received the Nobel Prize in chemistry?. A) whom B) whose C) where D) which E) who
Intellectualization is an attempt to gain detachment from a stressful situation by confronting it in abstract, intellectual terms. This kind of defence is frequently a necessity for people who must (I) ----life-and-death matters in their daily jobs. The doctor who is continually confronted with human suffering cannot afford to become emotionally involved with (II) ---- patient. In fact, a certain amount of detachment may be essential (III) ---- the doctor to function competently. This kind of intellectualization is a problem only when it (IV) ---- such a pervasive lifestyle (V) ----individuals cut themselves off from all emotional experiences.
19.
Uludağ has extensive pine forests ----.. A) because the many flowers of the region are very colourful B) that Bursa is green even in the winter C) which stretch as far as the eye can see D) since it is the highest mountain in North western Anatolia E) before it became a popular ski resort
14.
I.
20.
A) Injuries from lightning in the US number about 300 a year
A) come apart B) use up
B) Scientists explain that lightning is a result of ice in storm clouds
C) show off
C) Lightning can travel miles away from the area of a storm
D) turn down E) deal with 15.
D) Sound travels more slowly than light E) Most lightning deaths and injuries occur in the summer months
II. A) another
21.
B) some C) each
E) more
B) Bir sanat eserini çözümlerken değişik yöntemleri bir arada kullanabiliriz.
III.
C) Her sanat eseri, çeşitli yöntemlerden biri kullanılarak çözümlenebilir.
A) in
D) Bir sanat eserini, birden çok yöntem kullanarak çözümleyebiliriz.
B) with
E) Bir sanat eserini çözümlerken çeşitli yöntemlerden uygun olanını kullanmalıyız.
C) to D) for E) by 17.
22.
Sel ve yüksek dalgalara yol açmış olan tropikal fırtınalardan dolayı, 1970‘den bu yana, Bangladeş‘te en az 300.000 insan ölmüştür..
IV. A) would become B) becomes C) became D) will become E) used to become
18.
There are various methods that may be used when analysing a work of art.. A) Bir sanat eserini çözümlerken kullanılabilecek çeşitli yöntemler vardır.
D) few
16.
----, when people are outdoors..
V. A) when B) if C) whether D) unless E) that
A) Tropical storms, causing flooding and high waves, have killed up to 300.000 people in Bangladesh since 1970 B) Up to 300.000 people have died in Bangladesh since 1970, as tropical storms have caused much flooding and high waves. C) In Bangladesh after 1970, more or less 300.000 people have been killed because of the flooding and high waves caused by tropical storms. D) The death of about 300.000 people in Bangladesh after 1970 has been caused by tropical storms that have led to flooding and high waves. E) Since 1970, at least 300.000 people have died in Bangladesh due to tropical storms that have caused flooding and high waves.
In his preface to Spaceflight Revolution, David Ashford recalls how he started his research into rocket motors. As he later explains, these were motors that would power a space plane — one that would launch space travellers and satellites cheaply and reliably into orbit. That was 1961. Ashford admit she would probably have taken another job if he’d known that, 42 years later, satellites would still be launched by rockets descended from ballistic missiles. The technology is there, but political and budgetary decisions have so far stopped space planes getting off the ground. But Ashford presents a compelling argument that a small orbital space plane would cost relatively little to design and develop —the equivalent of just two shuttle flights.
23.
26.
A) is an ongoing debate on the uses of ballistic missiles B) is some discrepancy between Ashford’s words and his actions C) is much public support for Ashford’s project D) are many technological differences between Ashford’s rocket motors and the conventional rockets currently in use E) is much concern among space scientists, including Ashford, about the ever-growing costs of the space programme in general and of shuttle flights in particular
As we understand from the passage, Ashford’s space plane project ----.. A) has made space travel extremely cheap and reliable
27.
B) has been welcomed by political authorities and received much attention C) has received no political or financial support since the early 1960s
B) The only cure for hiccupping, with a scientific basis, is breathing into a paper bag
E) was originally inspired by ballistic missile technology
C) Long-term attacks of hiccups seem to be more common in men than women
According to the passage, Ashford ----..
D) Yet the purpose of hiccups during pregnancy remains unclear
A) has not yet completed his research into rocket motors B) feels that his decades-long work on rocket motors has been unjustly ignored C) has written his book Spaceflight Revolution mainly to criticize politicians D) has been recognized as a leading scientist in space research and rocket technology for quite some time now E) has proposed a project which can only be realized if a sizeable budget is available 25.
As can be understood from the passage, Ashford is firmly convinced that ----..
It is a question that has vexed great minds for millennia: why do we hiccup? Now at long last, an international team may have come up with the answer. ----. Just after the muscles start to move, the glottis shuts off the windpipe, producing the characteristic 'hie' sound.. A) None of these theories explain all the features of hiccups
D) has been proved faulty in the course of several trials
24.
It is clear from the passage that there ----..
E) Hiccups are sudden contractions of the muscles we use when breathing in 28.
Daisy:- You know, our government should follow the lead of others, like Portugal, and decriminalize the personal use and possession of all drugs, including heroin and cocaine. Nancy:- But wouldn’t that cause an explosion in the rate of drug addiction? Daisy:- ---Nancy:- Really? If that is so, we must consider it seriously.. A) People wrongly tend to confuse decriminalization with legalization.
A) the development of a space plane would cost no more than two shuttle flights
B) No. On the contrary, Portuguese drug addicts rushed into drug-treatment programmes when the rules changed, and overall drug use across society has declined remarkably.
B) politicians and financial authorities need to be careful about investing money in space projects
C) Actually, the Portuguese were fearful at first that the prestige of their country would be undermined.
C) rockets bear no relation to ballistic missiles
D) In Portugal, the number of addicts registered in drug-substitution programmes rose from 6,000 in 1999 to over 24,000 in 2008.
D) there are many people eager to be space travellers and willing and able to pay a reasonable fare E) his work on rocket motors has greatly contributed to space research
E) Despite the criticism from the opposition parties, the Portuguese government took this courageous decision in 2001.
29.
The global demand for oil increased enormously during the postwar era and has accelerated since.. A) In the decades following World War II, there was a dramatic increase in the demand for oil throughout the world, and this has continued at an even faster rate. B) There was a serious increase in the demand for oil after World War II, and in fact the demand has never slowed down. C) The worldwide demand for oil, which has never stopped, was particularly high in the years following World War II. D) Soon after World War II, the demand for oil in the world was quite high and has seldom fallen. E) Following World War II, oil became so important that there was an increasing demand for it, and today the demand for oil is still very high.
30.
(I) On January 1st, 2003, as the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) enters its tenth year, a new phase of tariff reductions on farm produce will start. (II) The United States will eliminate tariffs completely on several Mexican items including winter vegetables. (III) In return, Mexico will eliminate them on a range of produce, including wheat, barley and rice. (IV) This moves the two countries a step closer to the point in 2008, when the last few tariffs on agricultural produce will be removed. (V) But any Mexican government has to listen seriously to the farmers for they make up a large part of the population.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
B
2
E
3
A
4
B
5
C
6
E
7
D
8
D
9
E
10
D
11
A
12
A
13
E
14
E
15
C
16
D
17
B
18
E
19
C
20
E
21
A
22
E
23
C
24
B
25
A
26
D
27
E
28
B
29
A
30
E
29
1.
The body loses large amounts of iron when red blood cells are lost through bleeding, and this causes a ---- of iron..
6.
If she ---- more pessimistic, most probably she --- up, but instead, she went on trying.. A) were / had given
A) deficiency
B) has been / has given
B) display
C) had been / may have given
C) failure
D) is / will give
D) supplement
E) were / would have given
E) recurrence 7. 2.
3.
According to kinetic theory, the absolute temperature of a gas is directly ---- to the average kinetic energy of the molecules..
Chaucer was successful as a poet because he could combine his great learning ---- an enthusiastic love ---- the everyday lives of ordinary people..
A) experimental
A) at / to
B) fundamental
B) to / from
C) negligible
C) with / for
D) proportional
D) through / of
E) exceptional
E) by / into
The French explorer M. Peisel was touring Tibet when he first ---- a series of tall, mysterious, star-shaped stone towers along the Chinese border..
8.
Mountaineering can kill brain cells, ---- among climbers who do not suffer from altitude sickness.. A) further
A) got through
B) just as
B) came across
C) almost
C) felt for
D) even
D) made up
E) moreover
E) ran over 9. 4.
5.
Geology and biology ---- since life ----..
---- we live and grow, we learn the culture of the society in which we live..
A) are intertwined / has begun
A) As
B) were intertwined / had begun
B) Since
C)
C) Even though
have been intertwined / began
D) would be intertwined / begins
D) When
E) could be intertwined / will begin
E) Whereas
---- the genetic blueprint inherited from its parents, a fetus ---- to develop, at the moment of conception, from the nutrients it absorbs..
10.
---- popular belief, laboratory experiments show that men have a higher pain tolerance than women..
A) To use / is beginning
A) Compared to
B) Using / begins
B) Contrary to
C) Used / will begin
C) As regards
D) To be using / has begun
D) Rather than
E) To have used / began
E) In case of
11.
---- ancient Greeks were ---- first people to use mosaics on a large scale in their palaces.. A) All / all B) The / the C) Many / almost D) Various / quite E) Most / each
12.
Few things ---- unnerved the Spanish conquerors of the New World ---- the prospect of death on Aztec sacrificial stone.. A) as / as B) so / as C) not only / but also D) neither / nor E) so / that
13.
PTSD sufferers may experience flashbacks ---they feel they are going through the ordeal.. A) in which B) in whose C) where D) how E) what
A generation ago, few parents would have thought that teaching their baby to read was a possibility. But over the past decade or so, many parents have become convinced that they (I) ---- their children for a life-time of success by tutoring them (II) ---- infancy in reading, math, computer skills, and the like. Books and articles offering advice on such matters as teaching babies to read, and even getting them to pass entrance exams for exclusive preschools have proliferated. Do parents who follow all this advice (III) ---- a smarter child? (IV) ---- some educators think so, many are doubtful. For example, there is no evidence that a child who learns to read usually early goes on to experience more success than children who learn to read at a (V)---- normal age.
14.
I. A) were to prepare B) used to prepare C) had prepared D) should be preparing E) would have prepared
15.
II. A) between B) to C) from D) along with E) onto
16.
III. A) get along with B) stand up to C) get through D) stand against E) end up with
17.
IV. A) Although B) Now that C) Whenever D) Whenever E) Provided that
18.
V. A) such B) more C) least D) as much E) few
19.
The Bank of England was founded in 1694 ----.. A) before the need for credit facilities has been recognized B) whether city magnates thought they could make a profit out of it C) though capital might have been repaid by 1706 D) because the government needed some way of financing a war E) if it had promised not to lend to the King without the consent of Parliament
20.
If you like gardening and cooking, ----.. A) you used to grow your own vegetables B) you should know how to dig up plants C) Anna can help you in the kitchen D) there are many useful programmes for you to watch on TV E) Mr Smith could have helped you in the garden
21.
The Etruscans were a people who settled in Italy about 900 B.C. and are believed to have come from Anatolia.. A) Anadolu’dan gelerek İtalya’ya yerleşmiş olan Etrüskler, M.Ö. 900’lü yıllarda yaşadığına inanılan bir halktır. B) M.Ö. 900’lerde İtalya’ya yerleşmiş bir halk olan Etrüsklerin Anadolu’dan gelmiş oldukları biliniyor. C) Anadolu’dan gelmiş oldukları tahmin edilen Etrüskler, M.Ö. 900’lü yıllardan sonra İtalya’ya yerleşmişlerdir. D) Etrüskler, M.Ö. 900 civarında İtalya’ya yerleşmiş olan ve Anadolu’dan gelmiş olduklarına inanılan bir halktı. E) Yaklaşık M.Ö. 900’de Anadolu’dan gelmiş oldukları varsayılan Etrüskler, İtalya’ya yerleşmişlerdi.
22.
Dünyadaki yağmur ormanları, özellikle Amazon ve Kongo Irmağı havzalarında olanlar, insanlık tarihinde görülmemiş bir hızla yok edilmekte ve yakılmaktadır.. A) In the world today, especially the rain forests of the Amazon and Congo River basins have been destroyed and burned to the extent that there is no precedence in human history. B) Rain forests in the world, particularly those in the Amazon and Congo River basins, are being destroyed and burned at a rate unprecedented in human history. C) In human history, there has never been so much destruction and burning of rain forests as can be seen in the Amazon and Congo River basins. D) The world‘s rain forests, including those in the Amazon and Congo River basins, have been destroyed and burned so extensively that there is no other example of it in human history. E) Human history does not record the kind of destruction and burning that the world‘s rain forests, especially those in the Amazon and Congo River basins, have undergone so far.
How have terrestrial organisms met the environmental challenges of living on land? Life began in the oceans, but many life forms have since adapted to terrestrial life in a sea of air. Every single organism living on land has to meet the same environmental challenges: obtaining enough water; preventing excessive water loss; getting enough energy; and in polar regions, tolerating widely varying temperature extremes. How those challenges are met varies from one organism to another, and in large part explains the diversity of life encountered on land today. Some animals avoid colder temperatures by migrating to warmer climates for the winter, whereas others avoid the cold by passing the winter in a dormant state called hibernation. Many plants also spend winter in a dormant state. The aerial parts of some plants die during the winter, but the underground parts remain alive; the following spring they resume metabolic activity and develop new aerial shoots. Many trees are deciduous; that is, they shed their leaves for the duration of their dormancy. Shedding leaves is actually an adaptation to the “dryness” of winter. Roots cannot absorb water from ground that is cold or frozen; by shedding its leaves the plant reduces water loss during the cold winter months when obtaining water from the soil is impossible.
23.
It is pointed out in the passage that all terrestrial organisms ----.. A) in warm regions find it very hard to tolerate extreme temperatures B) in polar regions live out the winter through hibernation C) face the danger of extinction due to environmental challenges D) have, one way or another, adapted themselves to environmental conditions E) are most adversely affected by excessive water loss and cold temperatures
24.
It is pointed out in the passage that the diversity of life on Earth ----.. A) is far more extensive in temperate climates than in colder ones B) results from the variety of ways whereby organisms meet environmental challenges C) is related to plants rather than other organisms D) becomes far more apparent in spring than in winter E) must be maintained through the conservation of the environment
25.
One can understand from the passage that, for deciduous trees, the shedding of leaves ----.. A) increases the amount of water loss, which is a serious environmental challenge B) increases their metabolic activity throughout winter C) is an effective mechanism of resistance to heat D) is a regular metabolic activity which is not related to environmental conditions E) is a kind of hibernation that enables them to survive the cold winter months
26.
It is clear from the passage that, for some animals, migration ----.. A) and hibernation are equally viable options B) is comparatively easy C) is indispensable for survival D) causes a great deal of energy loss E) involves various environmental challenges
27.
We have always had the notion that any native speaker can teach his language well. ---- The reason for this is that the native speaker sounds right, and therefore, inspires confidence.. A) Being a native speaker is one thing, while teaching one’s language is another. B) Teaching second and foreign languages has always been a sensitive issue. C) Actually, this is the natural consequence of cultural inferiority complexes. D) Posted vacancies for language-teaching jobs often say the teacher has to be a native speaker. E) The confidence of such a person usually starts in childhood.
28.
Tom:- Do you know that there are 160 medical centres in this country dedicated to the needs of very sick children? Randy:- No. What do you mean by very sick, anyway? Tom:- ---Randy:- It’s sad to think that kids so young may never get the chance to grow up.. A) For example, when I was ten years old, I came down with hepatitis and missed two months of school. B) Ten separate medical specialties have been assessed for quality at the top 56 children’s hospitals nationwide. C) These are kids with rare or life-threatening illnesses such as metastatic bone cancer or severe heart defects. D) The surgical death rate, for instance, is a category that children’s hospitals are judged on when the assessments are being conducted. E) To a young patient at serious risk, factors such as the hospital’s reputation for managing complex illnesses matter a lot.
29.
Though the Germans were not the most enthusiastic colonialists, they were still fascinated by other European powers‘ imperial policies.. A) The imperial policies put into effect by other European powers exceedingly exasperated the Germans who were themselves utterly indifferent to colonialism. B) The Germans did not cherish a keen interest in colonialism, but they were immensely interested in the imperial policies pursued by other European powers. C) Since colonialism did not appeal to the Germans, their interest in the imperial policies of other European powers was rather superficial. D) The Germans, for whom colonialism did not matter much, were fully aware of the imperial policies that other European powers were pursuing. E) While the Germans refused to practise colonialism, other European powers developed imperial policies that caught the German attention.
30.
(I) Students respond positively to being liked, and to being accepted and respected members of the class. (II) In some schools students help ascertain their own rights and responsibilities. (III) Everyone has a basic need for love and for belonging, students are no exception. (IV) They want to feel valued and cared about. (V) They want to be part of the group rather than outsiders.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
A
2
D
3
B
4
C
5
B
6
E
7
C
8
D
9
A
10
B
11
B
12
A
13
A
14
D
15
C
16
E
17
A
18
B
19
D
20
D
21
D
22
B
23
D
24
B
25
E
26
C
27
D
28
C
29
B
30
B
30
1.
For the world‘s automotive industry, this year‘s Dubai Motor Show is a rare opportunity to ---serious business with wealthy customers in the Middle East. .
If I ---- you were on your own, I ---- you to come round here for the day.. A) knew / have asked
A) lift
B) have known / will have asked
B) purchase
C) had known / would have asked
C) relate
D) would know / had asked
D) conduct
E) know / will ask
E) satisfy 2.
6.
7.
The average life expectancy has increased ---- in most developed countries, especially in the United States..
---- in France, where it was a pleasure strictly limited to the aristocracy, in the British Isles drinking chocolate was made available to the middle classes from the outset.. A) Except
A) severely
B) Rather
B) appropriately
C) Unlike
C) defectively
D) Just as
D) accurately
E) Besides
E) dramatically 8. 3.
The SOS (Space Observatories in School)programme was ---- to make young people more aware of opportunities to study the fundamental sciences, especially those related to the universe..
---- people have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease (CVD), they typically enter a cardiac rehabilitation programme to change their lifestyle and thereby avoid subsequent CVD.. A) Whereas
A)
thought over
B) After
B) built in
C) While
C) made up
D) Even though
D) set up
E) As if
E) found out 9. 4.
During recent years, many people ---- interested in Turkish music.. A) might become
5.
Tourists gathered to admire the mushroom clouds during nuclear tests in Nevada between 1951 and 1963 ---- at the time there was complete ignorance of the dangers of radioactive fallout..
B) are becoming
A) since
C) had become
B) so as to
D) would become
C) when
E) have become
D) so that
A wristwatch ---- in the ice at the North Pole three years ago ---- by a boy 2,900 km away after it floated ashore on the Faroe Islands.. A) was buried / has been found
E) unless 10.
---- populating both the inner and outer surfaces of the human body, microbes abound in the soil, the seas, and the air..
B) has been buried / is found
A) According to
C) burying / has found
B) As to
D) buried / was found
C) In contrast to
E) had been buried / had been found
D) In addition to E) In order to
11.
From a very early age it is clear that some people are ---- better at drawing and painting ---the majority of us.. A) much / than B) more / than C) so / as D) either / or E) even / such as
12.
The very idea of establishing a literary ‘canon’ has become ---- controversial that the people running the Library of America have wisely avoided using the term.. A) too B) as C) such D) so E) more
13.
Scientists at the US Geological Survey Center found that the Canadian quake, ---measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, triggered off several smaller ones as far as Nevada and Utah.. A) in which B) which C) where D) what E) who
Mercantilism has been advocated (I) ---- some eminent politicians and economists, including Alexander Hamilton and Friedrich List. In the 1840s, Friedrich List developed a theory of “productive power” which stressed that the ability to produce is (II) ---- important than the result of producing. In other words, the prosperity of a state (III) ---not primarily on its store of wealth, but on the extent to which it has developed its “powers of production”. A nation capable of developing its power to manufacture, (IV) ----it makes use of its system of production, thus (V) --- quite in the same spirit as the landed proprietor who, by the sacrifice of some material wealth, allows some of his children to learn a production trade.
14.
I. A) by B) from C) through D) in E) with
15.
II. A) most B) as C) the more D) more E) the most
16.
III. A) carries B) depends C) shows D) decides E) agrees
17.
IV. A) which B) that C) what D) how E) if
18.
V. A) had acted B) acts C) used to act D) were to act E) shall act
19.
Since individual values are quite diverse, ----.. A) we expect people to express varying valuejudgements about how the world should be B) the world of value-judgements is the world in which individuals’ preferences are at issue C) positive economics indicates what is, whereas normative economics considers what should be D) there are a number of assumptions underlying this particular production possibilities curve E) when resources are productive, they are typically called factors of production
20.
Governments do not directly compete, ----.. A) but they build the platforms on which economic competition takes place B) because they would work with large numbers of highly-skilled fellow workers C) since investments in human or physical assets depend on current income D) though there doesn’t need to be a connection between discursive practices and the systematic domination of capitalism E) while government research investment created the knowledge base for the industry to develop rapidly
21.
Air-breathing jets use less fuel than rockets but do not work in space.. A) Hava emişli jetler, roketlerden daha az yakıt kullanır, ancak uzayda çalışmazlar. B) Roketlerden çok daha az yakıt kullanan hava emişli jetler uzayda çalışmaz. C) Roketlerden daha az yakıt kullandıkları halde, hava emişli jetler uzayda çalışmaz. D) Hava emişli jetler, roketlere göre daha az yakıt kullansalar da uzayda çalışmaları mümkün değildir. E) Uzayda hiç çalışmayan hava emişli jetler, roketlere göre oldukça az yakıt kullanırlar.
22.
Gezegenimizdeki yaşam tarihi hakkında bildiklerimizin çoğunu, bize, jeolojik kanıtlar, özellikle fosil kayıtları sağlamaktadır.. A) Fossil records as well as other geological evidence provide us with all the knowledge we have of the history of life on the planet. B) It is through geological evidence, mostly by fosil records, that we have come to know the history of life on our planet. C) Our knowledge of the history of life on this planet is completely based on geological evidence, especially on fossil records. D) Much of what we know about the history of life on our planet is provided to us by geological evidence, in particular fossil records. E) The history of life on our planet can best be understood through our study of fossil records and other kinds of geological evidence.
American schools need more time if they are to teach efficiently. The school year is fixed at or below 180 days in all but a handful of states – down from more than 190 in the late nineteenth century, when Saturday-morning sessions were common. The instructional day is only about six hours, of which much is taken up with nonacademic matters. In 1994, a national commission calculated that in four years of high school a typical American student puts in less than half as much time on academic subjects as do students in Japan, France and Germany. Extending the school day or the school year can get expensive and complicated, and reducing nonacademic electives and physical education brings complaints from parents and students alike. But there is one quite cheap and uncomplicated way to increase study time: add more homework. You may not be surprised to learn that homework raises student achievement, at least in the higher grades. For young children homework appears not to be particularly helpful. Even among older students it is hard to be sure of the extent to which more homework may lead to higher achievement.
23.
We understand from the passage that school programmes in America ----.. A) are of little concern to the parents, and so they tend to ignore them B) are at present being reviewed by a national commission C) do not put much emphasis on academic learning D) are run on similar lines to those in the rest of the world E)
24.
have been extensively revised since 1994
It is pointed out in the passage that in some countries, like Japan, France and Germany, ----.. A)
the school curricula allow roughly equal time for academic and nonacademic subjects
B)
the school year is far too long and this makes it unproductive
C) students are given less homework than their American counterparts D) achievement correlates well with the length of the school day E) the amount of time students spend on academic learning far exceeds that spent by American students
25.
According to the passage, any extension of the instructional day in American schools ----.. A)
is not to be recommended on account of the expenses involved
B) would arouse much discontent among parents and students C) needs to be reviewed by a national commission D) should aim to bring them up to the level of Japanese schools E) would have to have the approval of all the states
26.
It is clear from the passage that the writer ----.. A)
is urging schools to assign more homework to students of all grades
B) is doubtful about the benefits of homework for lower-grade students C)
27.
believes that the school day should be extended
D)
is opposed to reducing the school year from 190 to 180 days
E)
is convinced of the need for more electives, including physical education
---- To attract buyers for new luxury vehicles, some European car manufacturers have been offering significant discounts and gifts. With such big discounts available on new models, people expect to pay even less for second-hand ones.. A) Despite the financial crisis, there is still a big demand for all kinds of vehicles. B) According to automotive research firms, many customers are trading down to less expensive vehicles or keeping their cars longer. C) The European producers of luxury vehicles are satisfied with the present level of sales so are not planning to offer discounts. D) The latest statistics indicate that buyers invest their money equally in both luxury and nonluxury vehicles. E) Recently, discounts on new luxury vehicles have become so attractive that people have stopped buying second-hand ones altogether.
28.
Sandra:- Every year millions of people take the drugs prescribed by doctors, but in most cases they do not work effectively. Until recently, doctors have had no idea about the reasons for it. Greg:- You mean, now they know? Sandra:- ---Greg:- Yes, I think what you say sounds reasonable.. A) Fortunately, yes. Now it is clear that the problem largely lies in our genetic make-up, that is, what works for one person doesn’t work for another. B) More than 90 per cent of drugs work in about 30 per cent of the population in the world. C) Surprisingly, adverse drug effects are the fifth leading cause of death in some developed countries. D) We should always remember that disease remains complex and drug development remains difficult E) The next time you take a drug, it may not have the effect you expect.
29.
The persistent fears in connection with such terrorist groups as al Qaeda have to do with the chemical, biological, and also nuclear weapons that they might use.. A) The possibility that terrorist groups such as al Qaeda might resort to chemical, biological and even nuclear weapons gives rise to continuing fears. B) The use by al Qaeda and other terrorist groups of such weapons as chemical, biological and also nuclear causes a great deal of widespread fear. C) It is just possible that al Qaeda and other similar terrorist groups might get hold of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, and this is the main reason why they are feared. D) So long as al Qaeda and other terrorist groups have the opportunity to have access to chemical, biological and also nuclear weapons, there can be no end to the prevailing fears. E) If terrorist groups, including al Qaeda, come to possess chemical, biological and nuclear weapons, this will certainly give rise to much fear.
30.
(I) IMF loans are not freely given. (II) They are lent on condition that certain policies are followed. (III) In addition, the World Bank provides extensive technical assistance. (IV) Sometimes these policies are very unpopular in borrowing countries. (V) They may be required to devalue their currencies, raise taxes and cut government spending.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
D
2
E
3
D
4
E
5
D
6
C
7
C
8
B
9
A
10
D
11
A
12
D
13
B
14
A
15
D
16
B
17
E
18
B
19
A
20
A
21
A
22
D
23
C
24
E
25
A
26
B
27
B
28
A
29
A
30
C
31
1.
2.
3.
The ---- of lactose intolerance varies widely among ethnic groups, indicating that the trait is genetically determined..
6.
A) conversion
A) will not have filed
B) prevalence
B) may not have filed
C) recession
C) would not have filed
D) notice
D) was not filing
E) supply
E) may not file
During the 1970s, the West African state of Niger‘s economy flourished from uranium production, but when uranium prices fell in the 1980s, its ---- period of prosperity ended..
7.
A) with / at
B) various
B) by / to
C) brief
C) in / about
D) excessive
D)
E) successive
E) through / with
Ever since the sixteenth century, when Central America first appeared on European maps, schemes have been ---- to build canals there..
8.
from / on
---- surgeons in France had performed the first partial face transplant late in November, psychologists began to question whether the patient was mentally stable enough to handle the stressful, high-risk procedure..
B) put forward
A)
C) run down
B) So long as
D)
C) As soon as
taken up
E) sent off
Suppose that
D) Because E) If
He ---- a book in the garden when I ---- there.. A) will read / have got
9.
B) is reading / will get
5.
In biofeedback, biological responses are measured ---- electronic instruments, and the status of those responses is immediately available ---- the person being tested..
A) unpredictable
A) set off
4.
Had they apologised for deliberately over charging me, I ---- a complaint with the Consumers’ rights Office..
Life originated in the sea and evolved there for almost 3 billion years ---- plants and animals began moving onto the land..
C) was reading / got
A) because
D) would be reading / was getting
B) even if
E) had read / had got
C) before
Although it ---- that the original source of carbon and hydrogen was in the materials that made up the primordial Earth, it is generally accepted that these two elements have had to pass through an organic phase ---- into the varied complex molecules recognized as crude oil.. A) has been recognized / to be combining
D) but E) as if 10.
Several studies have recently shown that, ---popular stereotypes, most grandparents do not wish to take on a parental role toward their grandchildren..
B) is recognized / to be combined
A) by means of
C) was recognized / to have combined
B) owing to
D) will be recognized / having combined
C) contrary to
E) had been recognized / to combine
D) for the sake of E) in addition to
11.
Security conditions have deteriorated ---- that families are afraid to send their kids to school.. A) so far B) to such an extent C) even so D) as a result E) even more
12.
More than 29 million Africans are now infected with HIV, and the disease is killing ---Africans ---- all the continent's wars combined.. A) so many /as B) either / or C) more / than D) not only / but also E) both / and
13.
Ankara University was established in 1925, and many faculties, institutes and schools have since been set up within it, the first of ---- was the Faculty of Law.. A) it B) which C) those D) that E) some
Many architects saw a building as a total work of art. They argued that the architect should design everything in a building, and this (I) ---- not just fittings but also furniture. (II) ---- , many modern architects made striking furniture designs for use in their buildings, and these items also became (III) ---- widely used. Mies’s metal-and-leather Barcelona Chair, (IV) ---- made for the German Pavilion at the Barcelona Exposition and then widely copied, is the most famous example. Gerrit Rietveld’s Red-Blue Chair, a structure of planes and lines like a three-dimensional Mondrian painting, symbolizes De Stijl (V) ---- many people.
19.
Though the British painter Turner had a profound influence on the French Impressionists and the German Expressionists, ----.. A) this is because his works are exhibited in a few galleries in Britain B) in output he would have been the most prolific of ail painters C) his work remains for the most part little known by the world at large D) it is because he loved and interpreted certain themes from classical mythology
14.
I. A) has been included
E) another great landscape-painter is Gainsborough 20.
B) must be included C) was included
----, it is equally true that he cannot live without it..
D) had been included
A) Since a large percentage of the human race still lives in very small peasant communities
E) included
B) While it is true that man cannot live by bread alone C) Although a worker has the right to go on strike
15.
II.
D) However loyal he had been to us
A) On the other hand B) However C) Otherwise
E) In case every survivor needs urgent medical care 21.
The first thing that most people associate with Cannes is its many festivals, especially the International Film Festival held each May..
D) As a result E) Even so 16.
III. A) just B) more C) as D) most E) such
17.
IV. A) commonly B) readily C) originally D) positively E) equally
18.
V. A) between B) by C) in D) over E) for
A) Özellikle her mayıs düzenlenen Uluslararası Film Festivali, insanların Cannes ile ilişkilendirdikleri şeylerden sadece biridir. B) Birçok kişinin Cannes ile ilişkilendirdiği ilk şey, onun çok sayıdaki festivali, özellikle de her mayıs düzenlenen Uluslararası Film Festivali’dir. C) Uluslararası Film Festivali, Cannes’ın ismiyle ilişkilendirilen festivallerinden biridir ve bu festival her yıl mayıs ayında düzenlenir. D) Cannes’ı ilk olarak festivalleriyle ilişkilendiren insanlar, özellikle her mayıs ayında düzenlenen Uluslararası Film Festivali’ni iyi bilirler. E) Özellikle her mayıs düzenlenen Uluslararası Film Festivali ile diğer festivaller, insanların Cannes ile ilişkilendirdikleri etkinliklerdir.
22.
Sorunla hemen ilgilenmiş olsaydın, zararın çoğu önlenmiş olurdu.. A) Most of this damage could have been avoided if you had noticed the problem earlier. B) There might have been much less damage if you had recognized that there was a problem right away. C) As you dealt with the problem so promptly, very little damage actually occurred D) The quicker you deal with such problems the less damage there is likely to be E) If you had looked into the problem right away, much of the damage could have been prevented.
Governments have learned to value innovation these days for good reason. Far from being simply some missing factor in the growth equation, innovation is now recognized as the single most important ingredient in any modern economy. It actually accounts for more than half of economic growth in America and Britain. In short, it is innovation, more than the application of capital or labour, that keeps the world economy going. As a result, economists have decided that the innovators of the world are due some special recognition. It is not possible to recognize all the countless innovations that have helped to spread wealth, health and human happiness around the world. But a handful of people who have made the biggest contribution to the wealth-creation process in their own fields over the past few years, have been nominated for awards.
23.
One point made in the passage is that, due to innumerable innovations, ----..
26.
A) only a few innovators have received awards for their work B) the majority of them have turned out to be economically unfeasible C)
E) there has been no noticeable improvement in the human condition anywhere 27.
A) Another goal has been to make it as accurate as possible B) Consequently revision of almost every section of each chapter has become a necessity
the quality of human life on earth has greatly improved
C) Many new techniques have, in fact, become available and are aiding this process
E) countries like Britain have fewer labour problems than formerly 24.
D) This, however, is not likely to happen in the near future
It is pointed out in the passage that government economic policies ----.. A) rely more and more on the management of the labour force B) now take into account the importance of innovation C) regard the wealth-creation process as the main target D)
Each time this textbook is revised, we keep wishing that some day physiology could become a completely mature subject that does not change from year to year. ----. Physiology is a vast discipline, and only now are we beginning to make inroads into many of its fundamental secrets..
the American economy has under-performed
C) capital has now returned to the fore in economic policies D)
they have had no significant impact on the world economy
D) none of them have received any special recognition
A) the world economy has acquired a certain level of uniformity B)
It is clear from the passage that, although a very large number of innovations have been made, ---..
in Britain have undergone very little change over many decades
E) throughout the world are undergoing many changes
E) These new insights have been an enormous help in the achievement of these goals 28.
Roger : Where will the new bridge be? Bill : Five miles downstream. Roger : ----? Bill : No, the rock formation isn’t suitable.. A) People living there won’t be pleased, will they B) Have the engineers submitted their plans C) Couldn’t they build it nearer here D) But the river is very wide there
25.
It is pointed out in the passage that the American and British economies ----.. A)
have been in the forefront in the creation of wealth
B)
have tended to ignore innovations
C) have grown largely on account of innovation D) have had an adverse effect upon the world’s growth equation E) have always been primarily concerned with the prosperity of their citizens
E) There’s already a good road there
29.
In his famous work The Wealth of Nations, the eighteenth-century Scottish economist Adam Smith spelled out, in more technical and historical detail, the different stages of economic development in the past.. A) Adam Smith, an economist of the Scottish origin in the eighteenth century, gave, in his wellknown work The Wealth of Nations, a technically and historically detailed account of the various phases through which the economy had developed before his time. B) In The Wealth of Nations, a controversial work written by Adam Smith, who was a Scottish economist in the eighteenth century, a full description was given of how the economic progress had taken place in the past. C) The Scottish economist Adam Smith‘s great work The Wealth of Nations, written in the eighteenth century, is essentially a technical and historical description of the economic development and its changing phases in the past. D) Adam Smith, who was an eighteenth-century economist born in Scotland, wrote his celebrated work The Wealth of Nations in order to explain, in technical terms, the historical stages of the economic progress. E) In his controversial work The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith, who was an economist born in Scotland in the eighteenth century, described both technical and historical phases that made up the economic progress in the past.
30.
(I) Dresden shows little sign of having been flattened during the war. (II) The Renaissance towers still stand with the Elbe flowing by cobbled squares and green parks. (III) It now compares well with any western city, and is actually more beautiful than most. (IV) Architects have indeed done a fine job in restoring it to all its former glory. (V) Dresden even has a new name, Bio polis, meaning a city of biological science.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
B
2
C
3
B
4
C
5
B
6
C
7
B
8
C
9
C
10
C
11
B
12
C
13
B
14
E
15
D
16
B
17
C
18
E
19
C
20
B
21
B
22
E
23
D
24
B
25
C
26
A
27
D
28
C
29
A
30
E
32
1.
2.
The search for truth ---- rational guidelines, and, though some of our subjects may lie on the outer limits of scientific research, we examine them through science’s lens..
6.
Had it not been for the variety and flexibility of its trades, Hudders field, like so many of the other textile towns, ---- into a decline in the 20th century..
A) demands
A) was going
B) relates
B) had gone
C) reaches
C) would have gone
D) orders
D) would go
E) establishes
E) had been gone
The growing closeness between China and the Gulf nations has not gone unnoticed in the rest of the world, most ---- in the US. .
7.
Beijing, ---- the year 1983, had hardly any cars, but it had more than three million bicycles, and people carried their children ---- the backs of their bicycles..
A) similarly A) in / on
B) vaguely
B) at / at
C) relatively
C) by / to
D) equally
D) through / in
E) notably
E) of / over 3.
All staff will be given copies of the guidelines on security procedures, which were ---- by the management..
8.
A) drawn up
4.
Unlike many other European nations, Finland has not been the destination of large groups of foreign workers, ---- has it ever been a colonial power..
B) shown out
A) and
C) put off
B) nor
D) set aside
C) or
E) given back
D) also E) not
By the year 2020, he ---- here for 30 years.. A) will have been working
9.
B) will work
---- folktales were preserved in written form, they were simply stories retold whenever a group of people with the same interests gathered..
C) had worked A) Whether
D) will be working
B) Before
E) has been working
C) If 5.
---- in Rome during the 1st century AD, the Colosseum ---- one of the finest examples of ancient Roman architecture and engineering.. A) Built / is considered B) Having been built / considered
D) Unless E) Whereas 10.
Political instability and misguided economic policies often discourage investment ---reducing economic efficiency..
C) Being built / to consider D) To have built / was considered E) Having built / considering
A) in favour of B) in addition to C) except for D) contrary to E) in spite of
11.
Though I had given him some good advice on how to act, he didn’t listen to me, ----?. A) did he B) had he C) had I D) hadn’t I E) didn’t he
12.
---- many diverse animal forms exist ---exceptions can be found to almost any definition of an animal.. A) So / as B) As / as C) Whether / so D) So / that E) Neither / nor
13.
An honorary degree will be conferred upon the physicist ---- contributions to energy studies have proved the most beneficial.. A) which B) who C) whose D) that E) whom
Jean Piaget’s training included heavy doses of both biology and philosophy. From philosophy came (I) ---- of the content of his work. Piaget’s goal (II) ---- his career was to use the study of children to answer basic philosophical questions about the nature and origins of knowledge. His research (III) ---- shows a consistent focus on what have long been central topics in philosophy: the child’s understanding of space, time, and causality,of number and quantity, of classes and relations, of invariance and change. Undoubtedly, one reason Piaget’s studies (IV) ---- so much attention up till now is that they identify such basic and important forms of knowledge. Another reason is Piaget’s surprising, and controversial, claim that these basic forms of knowledge often take a long time to (V) ---- ..
14.
I. A) few B) that C) many D) much E) several
15.
II. A) against B) at C) throughout D) besides E) over
16.
III. A) thus B) quite C) rather D) although E) instead
17.
IV. A) will attract B) have attracted C) were attracting D) had attracted E) are attracting
18.
V. A) claim B) succeed C) ensure D) predict E) develop
19.
---- whose genius was recognized in his own life time.. A) The great Turkish architect Sinan built many mosques B) Sinan is one of the few architects C) Sinan\'s major works must be studied from various angles D) Some of Sinan\'s bridges were of strategic importance E) Süleyman the Magnificent greatly respected Sinan and admired his works
20.
---- that Victoria was a remarkable queen.. A) It was impossible to avoid asking the questions B) I was introduced to a historian C) Dr. Robertson has been wondering D) This is an article on the British royal family E) It is generally agreed
21.
All fish have a great sense of smell, but there are some types of fish that can not see at all, and among these there are species that do not even have eyes.. A) Tüm balıkların koku duyusu çok gelişmiştir, ama bazı balık türlerinin görme duyusu tam olarak gelişmemiştir ve bunların arasında bazılarının gözleri bile yoktur. B) Görme duyusu güçlü olan balıkların yanı sıra koku duyusu çok gelişmiş olan balık türleri de vardır; ancak bazı türlerin gözleri bile yoktur. C) Çok iyi bir koku duyusuna sahip olan kimi balık türlerinin görme duyusu gelişmemiştir; aslında, gözleri bile olmayan bazı balık türleri de vardır. D) Bütün balıkların çok iyi bir koku duyusu vardır; ancak hiç göremeyen bazı balık türleri vardır ve bunların arasında gözleri bile olmayan türler bulunur. E) Bütün balıkların koku duyuları oldukça gelişmiştir; ama gözleri görmeyen ya da gözleri bile olmayan bazı balık türleri de vardır.
22.
Hindistan, Batılı ülkelerin çoğundan farklı olarak, çeşitli dillere ve kültürlere sahip bir ülkedir.. A) Contrary to what is believed in most western countries, there are many different languages and cultures in India. B) Unlike the majority of western countries, India is a country which has varied languages and cultures. C) Most western countries lack the variety that is to be found in the languages and cultures of India D) India is a country with varied languages and cultures, which makes it unlike the majority of western countries E) The western countries are unlike India because of their varied languages and cultures.
A non professional-class working mother, who has been forced unwillingly into the labour market, is oppressed by various unique forces. She is oppressed by the fact that her work is often times physically exhausting, ill-paid, and devoid of benefits such as health insurance and paid sick leave. She is oppressed by the fact that it is impossible to put a small child in reliable day-care if you make only a minimum wage, and she is oppressed by the terrible childcare options that are available at an inexpensive rate. She is oppressed by the fact that she has nothing to fall back on. If she is out of work, and her child needs a visit to the doctor and antibiotics, she may not be able to afford those things and will have to treat her sick child with unprescribed medications, which themselves are far from cheap.
23.
We understand from the passage that a working mother, without a career, ----.. A) works so that her child can enjoy good day-care B)
is usually granted several fringe benefits
C) rarely stays in her job for a long period D) faces a very hard life E)
24.
has a great deal of choice in the kind of work she does
It is clear from the passage that, when a non professional working mother loses her job ----. . A) she may neglect the child but not herself B) there are always opportunities available on the labour market C) and her child gets ill, she probably cannot get proper medical help D)
she has to be prepared to accept a lower-paid one
E) she invariably has a great deal of trouble finding a new one 25.
We understand from the passage that very many non professional working mothers ----. . A)
enjoy health insurance which also covers their children
B) are, on the whole, satisfied with their jobs C) feel their children are being suitably cared for D) are paid far more than the recognized minimum wage E) only work because they have to work
26.
According to the passage, a non professional mother’s working conditions ----.. A)
are far from satisfactory, and she enjoys no benefits
B)
are being reviewed with the aim of improving them
C) are no worse than those of other workers D) have only recently become difficult E) have received a great of public attention
27.
The extinction of certain species is perfectly natural. In the grand drama of geologic time, palaeontologists have seen countless species enter and exit the world. ----. Most of them subsequently undergo differentiation, and eventually all species come to an end.. A) The current losses are, however, exceptional B) All species begin in some restricted setting and then spread C) General recovery probably required a few million years in each case D) Human actions may alter the character of some of these habitats rather than eliminate them E) Basic evolutionary processes in the future may not differ substantially from those in the past
28.
Paul: It says here that workers in the poorer countries are less productive than those in the richer ones. Colin: ---Paul: But why? Colin: Because, among other things, their machinery is less advanced.. A) That used to be the case, but it isn\\'t any longer. B) I find that hard to believe. C) I don\\'t think it\\'s been proved. D) Yes, that\\'s true. E) One shouldn\\'t generalize like that.
29.
In the 1960s, the emergence of new black nations in Africa and the Caribbean was paralleled by the civil rights movement of the blacks in America.. A) So many new black nations emerged in the 1960s in Africa and the Caribbean that the American blacks were influenced by them and soon began to fight for their civil rights. B) When new black nations came into being in the 1960s in Africa and the Caribbean, also the blacks in America started the civil rights movement. C) In the 1960s, the American blacks were so encouraged by the rise of various black nations in Africa and the Caribbean that they all joined in the civil rights movement. D) The civil rights movement, started by the blacks in America in the 1960s, was largely inspired by the rise of new African and Caribbean nations. E) The civil rights movement of the American blacks in the 1960s was extremely influenced by the new nations that had emerged in Africa and the Caribbean.
30.
(I) The discovery of huge oil reserves in Daging in North Eastern China in 1959 allowed them to end their dependence on Soviet oil supplies. (II) Daging's many rigs still pump away, but output from the ageing oil field is dropping off. (III) Similarly, though Eastern Siberia's oil resources appear to be promising, they have yet to be tapped commercially. (IV) Meanwhile, China's economic boom has produced a growing need for energy that only foreign supplies can satisfy. (V) As a result energy strategists in Beijing are now negotiating access to Russian oil in Southern Siberia.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
A
2
E
3
A
4
A
5
A
6
C
7
A
8
B
9
B
10
B
11
A
12
D
13
C
14
D
15
C
16
A
17
B
18
E
19
B
20
E
21
D
22
B
23
D
24
C
25
E
26
A
27
B
28
D
29
B
30
C
33
1.
2.
3.
4.
Skin has a rich blood supply that delivers oxygen to all its ----..
6.
If Britain ---- the euro, say in 2004, the stability pact ---- highly important..
A) symptoms
A) will be joining / is becoming
B) shifts
B) has joined / will have become
C) nutrients
C) will have joined / will become
D) layers
D) would join / has become
E) supplements
E) were to join / would become
With the Soviet Union in decline in 1990, the United States emerged as the ---- superpower..
7.
We need to worry ---- the effects of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide ---- the atmosphere..
A) excessive
A) onto / below
B) accurate
B) on / by
C) sole
C) for / at
D) initial
D) about / in
E) adequate
E) towards / on
European Union foreign ministers have urged the Serb authorities to ---- the two fugitives by the end of March..
8.
Aristotle studied many subjects, ---- he was mostly interested in science, especially biology, zoology and astronomy..
A) set out
A) as if
B) tidy up
B) since
C) step down
C) but
D) take off
D) if
E) turn over
E) unless
By the time the boss ----, his secretary ---- typing the report..
9.
Children who look away ---- thinking about questions are more likely to get the answers right than those who don’t..
A) had arrived / finished A) unless
B) arrives / has finished
B) because
C) has arrived / is finishing
C) whether
D) is arriving / finishes
D) while
E) arrived / had finished
E) as 5.
In calculators, calculations ---- entirely with integers yield exact results as long as the numbers ---- too big for the space allotted.. A) doing / were not
10.
---- the great mineral wealth of Democratic Republic of the Congo, decades of corruption and civil war have left the country one of the poorest in the World..
B) having done / have not been
A) Due to
C) to have been done / would not have been
B) Despite
D) done / are not
C) Except for
E) to be done / will not be
D) As a result of E) Regardless of
11.
Under the present circumstances we don’t have to take the case to the court ----?. A) do we B) have we C) is it D) isn’t it E) don’t we
12.
Studying the origin of language was once thought to be ---- an endeavour ---- scientific societies actually forbade it.. A) rather / than B) such / that C) not / but D) either / or E) both / and
13.
An annual scientific meeting will be held so as to facilitate communication among surgeons ---primary interest lies in the field of oncology.. A) where B) of whom C) when D) in which E) whose
The Romantic Age in England was part of a movement that affected all the countries of the Western World. The forms of romanticism were (I) ---- many and varied that it is difficult to speak of the movement as a whole. It tended to align (II) ---- with the humanitarian spirit of the democratic revolutionaries. (III) ---- , romantics were not always democrats and democrats were not always revolutionaries. Perhaps the (IV) ---- thing to say is that romanticism represented an attempt (V) ---- the wonder of the world.
19.
---- if the government had given priority to the problem of pollution.. A) Meteorologists are extremely worried B) As far as the research centre is concerned C) It would have been better D) A group of ecologists have complained E) Urbanization is under attack
14.
I.
20.
To increase productivity, it is essential that the workers receive further training ----..
A) so B) as
A) even if they had been gratified by wage increases
C) both
B) so that the factory had to undergo considerable reorganization
D) neither
C) in order to keep up with new developments in technology
E) thus 15.
D) whether they wanted it or not
II.
E) unless the government lifts restrictions on imports in general
A) others B) them
21.
C) each
A) Niçin hayattan beklediklerimiz değişmesin, hayat hiç değişmez mi ki?
D) itself E) themselves 16.
B) Hayat aynı kalmadığına göre, ondan beklediklerimizin hep aynı kalması doğru mu?
III.
C) Hayat değişip durmasaydı ondan hep aynı şeyleri bekler miydik?
A) Even so
D) Hayat aynı kalmaz, o hâlde ondan beklediklerimiz niye hep aynı kalsın?
B) Since C) Accordingly
E) Hayat durmadan değişiyor, öyleyse bizim ondan beklediklerimiz niçin aynı kalsın?
D) In case E) On the contrary 17.
22.
Darwinizme göre, mümkün olduğunca sık üremek, her canlının temel amacıdır..
IV. A) safe
A) Darwinism upholds the view that every organism always strives to reproduce so long as it is possible.
B) safest
B) According to Darwinism, frequent reproduction is what every organism has as a major aim.
C) safety
C)
D) safely E) safer 18.
Life does not stay the same, so why should what we want from it always stay the same?.
V. A) having rediscovered B) rediscovering C) to rediscover D) to have rediscovered E) on rediscovering
As one infers from Darwinism, for every organism, the essential goal is to reproduce so far as possible.
D) According to Darwinism, it is the basic goal of every organism to reproduce as often as possible. E) With reference to Darwinism, it is to be stated that reproduction is what every organism has as its ultimate aim.
Artist Paul Cézanne wanted to make paint “bleed”.The old masters, he said, painted warmblooded flesh and made the trees look warm and alive, and he would too. He wanted to capture “the green odour” of his Provence fields and “the perfume of marble from Saint-Victoire”, the mountain that was the subject of so many of his paintings. He was bold, spreading and slapping paint onto his stilllifes with a palette knife. “I will astonish Paris with an apple”, he boasted. In the years when his friends Manet, Monet, Pissarro and Renoir were finally gaining acceptance, Cézanne worked furiously and mostly in isolation, ridiculed by critics and mocked by the public, sometimes tearing up his own canvases. He wanted more than the quick impressions of the Impressionists, and devoted himself to studying the natural world. He called himself a “slave to nature”, but he knew that he could never completely capture the natural landscape on canvas.
23.
26.
A) developed a completely new style which was imitated by his contemporaries B) was influenced, to a great extent, by the French Impressionists C) used daring techniques to produce his likenesses of the fields of Provence D) attached more importance to the depiction of the human body than the natural landscape E) almost always depicted Paris and its surroundings 27.
It is stated in the passage that, as a painter, Cézanne ----..
B) Sars added its malign influence in 2003
B) achieved far more popularity in art circles than his contemporaries
C) Moreover, China has enjoyed a huge share of foreign direct investment, thus starving the South Eastern economies of fresh capital
dismissed the old masters as only artists whose style was old-fashioned
D) This is because their economies are highly sensitive to investment flows and the demand for manufactured goods from far away
D) was interested more in the representation of still life than in the depiction of landscape and natural scenes
E) However, there is an increased demand for memory chips in which South East Asia specializes
E) was noted for his quiet personality and refined manners 28. 24.
Few regions are less the master of their own destinies than South East Asia. ----. Indeed, the region includes some of the world's most trade dependent countries. All went well in the early 1990s, but not after 1997.. A) Nevertheless, China has stepped up her imports and many of them are from South East Asia
A) wasn’t able to depict nature in his works as fully or as vividly as he would have liked to
C)
It is clear from the passage that, in his paintings, Cézanne ----..
B) mainly derived from the views held by his friends Manet, Monet, Pissarro and Renoir
Peter : - We had double-glazing installed throughout the house last year and are immensely pleased with it. Colin : - ---Peter : - As far as I’m concerned, the main one is a reduction in fuel costs due to efficient insulation. Colin : - Yes, that is important. Presumably, it also cuts down on noise..
C) was achieved by copying the works of the old masters whom he studied
A) That must have cost you quite a lot!
D) differed significantly from that of his fellow artists
B) Is it really worthwhile?
E) had a great influence on his contemporaries and their work
C) Just what are the benefits?
According to the passage, Cézanne’s style of painting ----. . A) was widely acclaimed by art critics and the public
D) My wife’s keen on it, but I’m not so sure. 25.
It is pointed out in the passage that the world of nature ----.. A) appealed to Cézanne so powerfully that it became the main focus of his art B) depicted by Manet and the other Impressionists failed to appeal to the public C) was most successfully represented by Cézanne in all of his works D) meant for Cézanne only different shades of colours and nothing else E) was understood by Cézanne as a reference to environmental issues
E) Does it really achieve all they promise?
29.
At the peak of their prosperity, between about 6500 and 5500 B.C., the residents of Çatal Hüyük produced a wide range of agricultural food stuffs, including peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops.. A) A large variety of agricultural foodstuffs, such as peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops, were produced by the Çatal Hüyük inhabitants, whose prosperity reached its climax during the period between roughly 6500 and 5500 B.C. B) Peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops were the only agricultural foodstuffs that the people of Çatal Hüyük, already very prosperous, produced during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C. C) The people at Çatal Hüyük were so prosperous that, during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C., they produced various kinds of agricultural foodstuffs, especially peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops. D) Among the agricultural foodstuffs produced by the extremely prosperous peasants of Çatal Hüyük during the period from 6500 to 5500 B.C. were peas, lentils, fruits, and cereal crops. E) At Çatal Hüyük, where there was much prosperity between 6500 and 5500 B.C., only those agricultural foodstuffs, which consisted of peas, lentils, fruits and cereal crops, were produced by the people.
30.
(I) Between 1540 and 1660, Europe was racked by a combination of religious wars, political rebellions, and economic crises. (II) Hence, confidence in traditional structures of social, religious, and political authority was undermined. (III) The result was fear, scepticism, and a search for new, more certain foundations on which to rebuild the social, political, and religious order of Europe. (IV) However, for artists and intellectuals, the period proved to be one of the most creative epochs in the history of Europe. (V) Like Shakespeare, Rembrandt knew that life‘s journey is full of perils, but his most mature paintings suggest that these can be mastered with a courageous awareness of one‘s human shortcomings.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
D
2
C
3
E
4
E
5
D
6
E
7
D
8
C
9
D
10
B
11
A
12
B
13
E
14
A
15
D
16
A
17
B
18
C
19
C
20
C
21
D
22
D
23
A
24
D
25
A
26
C
27
D
28
C
29
A
30
E
34
1.
In the 1940s, computer pioneer Konrad Zuse began to ---- that the universe might be nothing but a giant computer continually executing formal rules to compute its own evolution..
If you really ---- to promote him, you ---- so right away.. A) are meaning / did
A) denounce
B) meant / will have to do
B) pressurize
C) have meant / had to do
C) empower
D) mean / must do
D) evade
E) were meaning / had done
E) speculate 2.
6.
7.
Although the red flames of lithium and strontium appear similar, the light from each can be separated by means of a prism into ---- different colours. .
The 25-year period following World War II can be viewed ---- an era ---- which the nature of economics as a discipline was transformed.. A) with / on B) at / by
A) excessively
C) over / for
B) distinctly
D) as / in
C) conventionally
E) by / on
D) properly E) familiarly 3.
8.
The weather has disrupted public transport, so several members of the audience ---- late for the concert..
“Hacking” is unauthorized access to a computer, ---- for fun or for harmful or fraudulent purposes.. A) since B) both
A) got up
C) more
B) turned up
D) whether
C) reached out
E) such
D) put back E) came back 4.
9.
Experts ---- that by 2020, robots ---- for many of the elderly people in the world..
---- most people who commit suicide are depressed, having depression correctly diagnosed and treated is the most important step towards preventing suicide.. A) As long as
A) will have believed / are caring
B) Although
B) have believed / would be caring
C) Because
C) believed / had cared
D) Even if
D) will believe / will have been caring
E) Unless
E) believe / will be caring 10. 5.
Most newspapers are of the opinion that if a majority of Scots really ---- independence, the British Parliament has no option but ---- to their wishes..
---- popular belief, Hatshepsut was not the first woman in Egyptian history to take the role of pharaoh.. A) In addition to
A) did want / had acceded
B) Wıth the help of
B) wanted / have acceded
C) As well as
C) had wanted / would have acceded
D) Owing to
D) do want / to accede
E) Contrary to
E) would have wanted / acceded
11.
It is just possible that there is ---- reason behind his refusal of this award.. A) other B) another C) the others D) any E) rather
12.
Painters ---- diverse ---- Goya, Manet, and Picasso were inspired by Titian and other Renaissance painters.. A) as / as B) both / and C) not only / but also D) so / that E) such / as
13.
A study by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration found that, among those ---- were seeking treatment for drug and alcohol addiction, the number of cannabis addicts rose from 12% in 1997 to 16% in 2007.. A) whose B) whom C) who D) which E) what
In 1912, a German called Wegener declared that all the continents of the world had once been joined together and were now drifting around like giant rafts. His (I) --- attracted very little interest. In 1915, he published a book on continental drift. No one took it (II) ----. But(III) ---the early 1960s, geologists (IV) ---- to realize that molten rock was seeping up from under the oceans and pushing the continents further away from (V) ---- at around two and a half centimetres a year.
19.
---- since they are good at financial solutions.. A) The future of the world economy depends on people B) What makes certain banks popular is C) Most banks are multinational D) Some people are reluctant to become bankers
14.
E) Some leading banks have global popularity
I. A) ability
20.
----, they should invest in education, infrastructure and health..
B) invention A) As soon as poor countries apply to the IMF
C) comprehension
15.
D) concern
B) While poor countries need a good plan for development
E) claim
C) If poor countries want a better future D) Just as countries fall into a financial crisis
II.
E) Although many countries are seriously concerned about environmental problems
A) deliberately B) sensibly
21.
C) fairly D) regrettably
A) Bilgili olana her zaman değer verilir ve bilgiler daha fazla insanla paylaşılmalıdır.
E) seriously 16.
Knowledge has always been valued, and more knowledge should be shared..
B) Her zaman, değerli bilginin daha fazlasını paylaşmak gerekir.
III.
C) Değerli bilgilerin daha geniş çapta paylaşılması gerekir.
A) under
D) Bilgi eğer değerliyse daha fazla paylaşılmalıdır.
B) by
E) Bilgiye her zaman değer verilmiştir ve daha fazla bilgi paylaşılmalıdır.
C) over D) at E) from 17.
Eski Yunan ve Mısır sanatı geçmişe ait değildir;çünkü bugün, dün olduğundan bile daha canlıdır..
IV. A) are beginning B) have begun C) were beginning D) begin E) would begin
18.
22.
V. A) another B) each other C) the others D) one other E) any other
A) Ancient Greek and Egyptian works of art are now admired more for their vitality than they were in the past. B) Ancient Greek and Egyptian art does not belong to the past, for it is even more alive today than it was yesterday. C) The ancient arts of Greece and Egypt continue to live now just as vitally as they did then. D) In ancient times the Greeks and the Egyptians produced works of art that have never been surpassed in liveliness. E) Because ancient Greek and Egyptian art belongs to the past, it is just as alive today as it was then.
Supporters of today’s international criminal tribunals say that their work builds on the post-World War II tribunals in Nuremberg and, to a lesser degree, Tokyo. As a matter of legal doctrine, that is true.The category of “crimes against humanity”, for example, was developed at Nuremberg and is now a central element in many prosecutions. But there is a critical difference between now and then. The courts in Nuremberg and Tokyo were part of a broader political project that aimed to rehabilitate Germany and Japan, respectively, both socially and economically, not simply to try guilt or innocence or hand out harsh punishments. These were military courts that operated with military efficiency, and the Allies could then focus fully on the reconstruction of these countries. Yet, the international courts for the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, and the new International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Hague, on the other hand, operate under civilian law and provide generous protection to defendants. The result is a ballooning of the court timelines and costs. For instance, it took the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) 10 years to complete the same number of trials that Nuremberg conducted in less than a year. Indeed, it is clear that, because of their protracted proceedings and excessive costs, today’s war crimes trials cannot serve the decisive political and social function that Nuremberg did.
25.
It is stated in the passage that, a case in an international criminal court today ----.. A) may not always be conducted within the context of civilian law B)
has far-reaching positive political and social consequences
C) is not necessarily concerned with crimes against humanity D) can continue for many years before being finalized E) can be conducted at a lower cost 26.
One understands from the passage that people put on trial at an international criminal court today ----.. A) usually complain about protracted proceedings and excessive expenses B) always deny that they have committed crimes against humanity C) are given extensive rights to defend themselves
23.
D) are invariably found guilty and, therefore, given harsh punishments
It is argued in the passage that today’s international criminal courts ----.. A) were originally established in Nuremberg and Tokyo for the trial of war crimes committed during World War II
E) 27.
B) have no correlation whatsoever with the principles of the Nuremberg trials C) follow a punitive policy and recognize no right of appeal for defendants
24.
B) Rapid technological change means that the choices facing individuals also rapidly change
have been set up only for the trial of specific crimes and are to be abolished in due course
C) One important advantage is that they enable digital information to be made available to all
It is stressed in the passage that the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials ----..
D) In this environment it will be important for management to conduct an ethical and social impact analysis of new technologies
A) were not interested in what is today termed “crimes against humanity” B) were conducted in accordance with the provisions of both military and civilian law C) involved both prolonged and extremely complicated proceedings D) were mainly confined to war crimes with the single aim of handing out harsh punishments E) made up the first stage of a broader policy which aimed for the reconstruction of Germany and Japan
Contemporary computer systems have both advantages and disadvantages. ----. But on the debit side, these computer systems create opportunities for the illegal copying of software.. A) Software copying has emerged as a new ethical issue precisely for this reason
D) are costly, time-consuming and lacking in efficiency E)
only remain on trial for, at most, one year
E) Software piracy challenges traditional protections of property rights 28.
Peter : - What is meant by the International Date Line? Jane : - It's an imaginary line that roughly follows the 180° line of longitude. Peter : - ---Jane : - It keeps dating uniform. The date is put forward a day when crossing the line going west, and back a day when going east.. A) Well, what use does it serve? B) How long has it been in existence? C) Does everyone recognize it? D) Who chose that particular line of longitude? E) Have you ever crossed that line?
29.
I won’t get my bicycle repaired there again because they charged me far too much.. A) I wouldn’t have let them repair my bicycle ıf I had known how much they would charge. B) I’m sure there must be cheaper places that repair bicycles just as well. C) I should have asked them how much they charged before I left my bicycle with them to be repaired. D) It cost me so much to get my bicycle repaired there that I’ll never go back with it again. E) Getting my bicycle repaired was very expensive, so I hope it won’t need repairing again.
30.
(I) Advertising by its very nature is obtrusive and attracts attention to itself as well as to the goods and services it offers. (II) This is why everyone has something to say about it. (III) So it is not surprising that it has become a popular subject of controversy. (IV) As a matter of fact, in the long run, products sell on their merits. (V) Nor is it likely that the arguments that rage around it will soon be settled one way or the other.. A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
SORU CEVAP 1
E
2
B
3
B
4
E
5
D
6
D
7
D
8
D
9
C
10
E
11
B
12
A
13
C
14
E
15
E
16
B
17
C
18
B
19
E
20
C
21
E
22
B
23
D
24
E
25
D
26
C
27
C
28
A
29
D
30
D
