MicroSoft Office Packages: Practical Questions

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MicroSo� Office Packages: Practical Questions

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FREE DOWNLOAD: https://www.slideshare.net/rmakaha /microso�-office-practice-questions-110252219 SIMPLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR MICROSOFT OFFICE PACKAGES

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Microso� Office Practice

33811897 M S Word Question

Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK]

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times rnnhohbhFjnhci.man  Useful  Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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Computing (Theory

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PHLIG AE MAKPGKP]

]V\GH@]BGGP] ................................. .................................

ZA\@ V\AMG]]CKJ ........................ ........................ 03

@HPHLH]G] .................................. ...................................... .... :2


VAZG\VACKP

Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title

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866

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] LIHKO VHJG



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Computing (Theory

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]V\GH@]BGGP]

XWG]PCAK h) Mrghtg h sprgh`sbggt wctb tbg eaiiawckj gktrcgs4 gk trcgs4          

L< > MBCMOGK CKK H0 > EAA@ CPGN H7 > VA\PCAK MBCV] H5 > ]H@TH & ]PGZ H: > \CMG & MBCMOGK H2 > BHNLW\JG\ H3 > ]AEP @\CKO] M86 > ]WL PAPHI M88 > ]WL PHR F 87% M8< > PAPHI MA]P

            

L0 > XWHKPCPS L7 > = L5 > 8 L: > 8 L2 > < L3 > = M0 > WKCP MA]P M7 > $8=7.66 M5 > $826.66 M: > $<66.66 M2 > $8:6.76 M3 > $57.66 @0 > MA]P

HK@ VG\EA\N PBG EAIIAZCKJ4 c. cc. ccc. cv.

Nhog L< lai`, uk`grickg` hk` sczg 85. Nhog hii bgh`ckjs, c.g. H0 ” H0 ” @0, @0, lai`. Vut lar`grs ak hii gktrcgs ae tbg sbggt. ]hvg àmungkt hs Xk<`hth hk` prckt ct. (86 nhros) Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title nhros) Not useful Ckput tbg earnuihg ear tbg mast prcmg ae ghmb ctgn @7 ” @7 ”  @3 @3(7 Useful

Master your semester with Scribd l) & The New York Times

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Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. m) Ckput tbg earnuihg ear tbg mhimuihtg` hnaukts ear sultat his, shigs thx hk` tathi mast ck @86 ” @86 ” @8< @8< rgspgmtcvgiy. (= nhros)

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Pypg ck tbg eaiiawckj sprgh`sbggt, hk` earnht ct ta iaao icog tbg shnpig lgiaw.

Ckstrumtcaks 8) Pypg ck hii tgxt hk` kunlgrs sbawk ck tbg sprgh`sbggt lgiaw. <) Earnht hii kunlgrs wctb hppraprchtg earnhts). =) Mgktgr tbg sprgh`sbggt bgh`ckj "Ncog's Iukmb Lhr" hmrass tbg sprgh`sbggt. 0) Earnht hii tgxt hs `cspihyg` ck tbg shnpig lgiaw. 7) Mrghtg earnuihs ta `cspihy h tathi ear ghmb ctgn ck tbg Iukmb Lhr. 5) Mrghtg h earnuih ta mhimuihtg tbg tathi shigs ear tbg Iukmb Lhr. :) Hppiy hii lar`grs hk` sbh`ckj (maiaur) sbawk ck c k tbg shnpig lgiaw, eggi ergg ta gxpgrcngkt wctb yaur awk maiaur smbgngs.



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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Pypg ck tbg eaiiawckj sprgh`sbggt, hk` earnht ct ta iaao icog tbg shnpig lgiaw.

Ckstrumtcaks 8) Pypg ck hii tgxt hk` kunlgrs sbawk ck tbg sprgh`sbggt lgiaw. <) Earnht hii kunlgrs wctb hppraprchtg earnhts). =) Mgktgr tbg sprgh`sbggt bgh`ckj "Zggoiy Ckmang ]mbgùig" hmrass tbg sprgh`sbggt. 0) Earnht hii tgxt hs `cspihyg` ck tbg shnpig lgiaw. 5) Mrghtg earnuihs ta mhimuihtg tbg Pathi Gxp (Pathi Gxpgk`cturg). :) Mrghtg earnuihs ta mhimuihtg tbg praect. 2) Mrghtg earnuihs ta mhimuihtg tbg tathis ear ghmb maiunk. 3) Hppiy hii lar`grs hk` sbh`ckj (maiaur) sbawk ck c k tbg shnpig lgiaw, eggi ergg ta gxpgrcngkt wctb yaur awk maiaur smbgngs.



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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Pypg ck tbg eaiiawckj sprgh`sbggt, hk` earnht ct ta iaao icog tbg shnpig lgiaw.

Ckstrumtcaks 8) Pypg ck hii tgxt hk` kunlgrs sbawk ck tbg sprgh`sbggt lgiaw. <) Earnht hii kunlgrs wctb hppraprchtg earnhts). =) Mgktgr tbg sprgh`sbggt bgh`ckj "Ncog's Eurkcturg ]targ" hmrass tbg sprgh`sbggt. 0) Earnht hii tgxt hs `cspihyg` ck tbg shnpig shnp ig lgiaw. 7) Mrghtg earnuihs ta `cspihy h tathis ear ghmb naktb. na ktb. 5) Mrghtg h earnuih ta mhimuihtg tbg tathis ear ghmb ctgn :) Hppiy hii lar`grs hk` sbh`ckj (maiaur) sbawk ck c k tbg shnpig lgiaw, eggi ergg ta gxpgrcngkt wctb yaur awk maiaur smbgngs.



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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Wsckj h sprgh`sbggt phmohjg yau bhvg stu`cg`, makstrumt P Narakja–s phy sicp ear @gmgnlgr <662 eaiiawckj tbg ckstrumtcaks lgiaw. Cksgrt h mustan eaatgr wctb yaur khng, suldgmt, maursg, gxhn/Pgst & qugstcak kunlgr. ]hvg ct hs ]hihry h`vcmg. (7 nhros)

]HIH\S H@UCMG EA\ @GMGNLG\ <686 GNVIASGG

4 P NH\AKJA

]PHEE KA. @HPG

4 660 4 =8 @GMGNLG\ <686

KGRP VHS @HPG

4 =8 DHKWH\S <688

LH]CM ]HIH\S p.h.4 $ =8<66.66

CKMANG

HNAWKP

@G@WMPCAK]

Lhscm ]hihry

Vgkscak F 2%

Bausckj ]ulsc`y

V.H.S.G.

Ugbcmig Hiiawhkmg Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times

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HNAWKP

W.C.E. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Ng`cmhi Hc`  Not useful  Useful Cancel anytime.

Lak` \gphyngkt

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK h) Mrghtg tbg eaiiawckj warosbggt, ck ihk`smhpg earnht, praùmg h mapy& shvg ct hs batgi nhros)

Mbclbhkjuzh Batgi GNVIASGG KHNG

ZA\OG@ BAW\]

\HPG VG\ BAW\

73 55 37 :2 77 32 8<= 866 22

<<6666 886666 ==6666 076666 <76666 =<3666 <<<666 858666 8:5666

MBCBW\C MBCKSG\G\G NHOCKH NHKSG\G NLH]G\H MBCJCDC TWUH OAK@A HK@G\]AK

PAPHI \GXWC\G@ l) Cksgrt maiunks ear Jrass ]hihry, VHSG, Hc`s Igvy, Bausckj hiiawhkmg, Prhkspart hiiawhkmg hk` Kgt ]hihry (< nhros) m) Jcvgk tbht a a

VHSG cs 85%, Hc`s igvy cs =%, Bausckj hiiawhkmg cs 87%, Prhkspart hiiawhkmg cs 86% ae Jrass ]hihry.

Master your semester with Scribd c. Mhimuihtg tbg Jrass shihry, cc. VHSG, & The New York Times a a

ccc. Hc`s Igvy, Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. cv. Bausckj hiiawhkmg, Prhkspart hiiawhkmg hk`


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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK

H eurkcturg sbap sgiis eurkcturg ta mustangrs ak mrg`ct. Pbg mrg`ct tgrns rgqugst tbg mustangr ta nhog h `gpasct ae <7%. Pbg lhihkmg hetgr tbg tathi `gpasct cs phc` ck naktbiy naktbi cksthiingkts avgr <0 naktbs wctbaut cktgrgst. Pbg sbap mustangrs & eurkcturg mrg`ct vhiugs hrg4 Khng

Eurkcturg vhiug

Ehrhc Cthc ]clakjcig Cshhm Euk`hc ]bckjhc Nhry

$27 666.66 $77 666.66 $36 666.66 $5= :66.66 $37 :66.66 $57 266.66 $37 366.66

@gpasct

Lhihkmg

Naktbiy cksthiingkt

h) @gscjk h sprgh`sbggt ae tbg `hth hlavg& shvg ct hs Eurkcturg. _= nhros^ l) Nhog hii tctigs lai` hk` sbh`g tbg mgii lhmojrauk` ear tctigs ck icjbt jrgy maiar. _= nhros^ m) Earnht tbg eurkcturg vhiug ta zgra `gmcnhi packt. _< nhros^

Master your`)semester withvhiugs Scribd Wsg earnuihg ta mhimuihtg ear `gpasct, lhihkmg & naktbiy cksthiingkts. _8< nhros^  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title g) ]art tbg sbggt ck hipbhlgtcmhi ar`gr ae khngs. _= nhros^  & The New York Times Not useful lar`grs ak hii gktrcgs & shvg tbg sbggt hs Eurkcturg< nhros^ e) Cksgrt  Useful _< j) Only AK$4.99/month. H KGZ ]BGGP, Mrghtg h euiiy ihlgig`, Special offer for students: c. Maiunk jrhpb _7 nhros^

Cancel anytime.

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Computing (Theory




XWG]PCAK h) Mrghtg h sprgh`sbggt wctb tbg eaiiawckj gktrcgs & shvg ct hs GKJ8 _7 nhros^4 GKJCKGG\]– ]HIH\CG] Gkjckggr–s Khng Gkj. Nu`gbwg Gkj. Lgdgrh Gkj. Nu`zurc Gkj. Nuzhwhzc Gkj. Tbhwhrc Gkj. Nutgog`g

Baurs warog` 826 =66 766 <66 =66 8<6

\htg pgr baur $8666 $<666 $<766 $8766 $<766 $<666

]hihry

Vgrearn tbg eaiiawckj4 h. lai` & uk`grickg tbg tctig _< nhros^ l. nhog hii bgh`ckj lai` _< nhros^ m. put lar`grs ak hii gktrcgs ae tbg sbggt _ < nhros^ `. ]hvg tbg warosbggt & prckt ct. _ 8 nhro^

l) Jcvgk tbht shihry > baurs warog` nuitcpicg` ly rhtg pgr baur , mhimuihtg tbg shihry. _5 nhros^ m) H`` tbg eaiiawckj eaiiawckj Gkjckggrs ta tbg warosbggt4 _< nhros^ nhros^  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title

Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Gkj. Nhvbukjh 766 baurs Special offer for students:Gkj. Only $4.99/month. Lgpgtg

566 baurs





Not useful $=666 pgr baur Cancel anytime.

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$=766 pgr baur

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK MAW\]GZA\O NH\O]BGGP PG]P]

KHNG] NHOZC\A JA\AKJH LHKJA NHOHBH NGOC NHVBA]H NH@C ICNH @HW@C

8 := :0 :: 77 56 27 5= 76 :7

< 77 77 77 := 72 78 7= 08

<6% -

PBGA\S

V\HMPCMHI

H]]CJKNGKP]

H]]CJKNGKP]

8 23 :7 :6 55 :6 06 7= <3 :6

< 76 70 5= 57 :6 5= 2= =3 58

87% -

8 36 27 26 :7 56 :7 :7 76 73

< 56 57 :6 :7 3< 26 27 5= 03

<7% -

HUG\HJG BCJBG]P IAZG]P

Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  h) Wsckj h sprgh`sbggt phmohjg yau bhvg ighrkt, typg tbg hlavg nhro sbggt. ]hvg hs & The New York Times Useful  Not useful  nhros hk` prckt h mapy. (86 Nhros) Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Cancel anytime.

l) Mhimuihtg tbg ncssckj ecjurgs (8 `gmcnhi packt) usckj earnuihg. ]hvg hs nhros<

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Computing (Theory

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


XWG]PCAK Vighsg sgt up h sprgh`sbggt usckj tbg eaiiawckj ckearnhtcak. @a kat put hky ickgs ar lar`grs ak ct ygt.

Khngs

Zgcjbt pghmbgs

26Ick`h :=Dasgpb 68\uehra :2]cnlhc 27Ihkjtak

Zgcjbt piuns

866 =0 <7 850 <36

Zgcjbt arhkjgs

76 <8< <7 85: 6

Pathi wgcjbt

6 <8 == :0 =

c.

]hvg ct hs Xk-eructs8. _7 nhros^

cc.

Wsg tbg ]un earnuih ta mhimuihtg tbg Pathi wgcjbt (oj) ae eruct phmog` ly ghmb warogr. _7 nhros^

ccc.

Earnht hii tbg kunlgrs hs cktgjgr (< `gmcnhi pihmgs). _8 nhro^

cv.

]gphrhtg gnpiaygg khngs & tbgcr phyraii kunlgrs, ly cksgrtckj < maiunks hetgr tbg Khngs maiunk & cksgr tbg bgh`ckjs Gnpiayggs & Vhyraii Kunlgr. Gktgr tbg ckearnhtcak ckta tbg < maiunks. (]gg gxhnpig lgiaw).

Gnpiayggs

Vhyraii Kunlgr Ick`h Dasgpb Gtm

Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times

26 =0 Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up toGtm vote title

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Useful

v. Mgktgr hicjk tbg Vhyraii Kunlgr bgh`ckj & tbg kunlgrs ck tbg maiunk. (8 nhro) Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. vc.

@gigtg tbg Khngs maiunk (8 nhro)

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Wsg h kgw warolaao & makstrumt m akstrumt h warosbggt wctb tbg `hth jcvgk & shvg ct hs ISAK] _7 nhros^

ISAK] CKM. Arhkjg DWCMG shigs V\A@WMP

Mhsmh`g Xugkmb Rtrh ]uk ]pihsb Bausg lrhk`

MA]P V\CMG VG\ ICP\G =.:7 =.57 0.<7 8.76 8.76

NH\O WV VG\ CPGN =7%

]GIICKJ V\CMG

ICP\G] ]AI@

PAPHI CKMANG

V\AECP

<=0 =07 075 8<= <07

PAPHI

HUG\HJG BCJBG]P IAZG]P CK]P\WMPCAK] Nhroup> Mast prcmg/Ictrgx =7%  ]giickj prcmg> Mast prcmg/Ictrg + Nhro up  Pathi ckmang> Ictrgs sai` x ]giickj Vrcmg  Vraect > Pathi ckmang ” ( (Mast prcmg/IctrgxIctrgs sai` ) 

Master your semester with Scribd  Free For 30this Days Sign to vote titleW]G CP hs hk h) Pbg NH\OWV % (=7%) nust lg cksgrtg` ck h sgphrhtgRead mgii up uk`gr tbgon bgh`ckj.  & The New York Usefulpgr Not_5 useful nhroup ctgn. nhros^ hlsaiutgTimes mgii rgegrgkmg ck tbg earnuih ta mhimuihtg tbg l) Mhimuihtg tbg nhro up ear ghmb ctgn. _7 nhros^ Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

m) Mhimuihtg tbg sgiickj prcmg ear ghmb ctgn. _7 nhros^

Cancel anytime.

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK

h) \gpraùmg tbg eaiiawckj warosbggt & shvg ct hs naktbiy shigs, cksgrt h tctig Bhie

Sghriy ]higs & praùmg h prckt aut au t (7 nhros) Khngs Nr. @ulg Nr. Naya Nr. ]clhk`h Ns Kmulg Ns ]clhk`h Nr. Tuzg Nr. Dhzc Nr. Nujhrh Nrs.Nh`ycrh Nr. Oatsa PAPHI HUG\HJG BCJBG]P IAZG]P

Dhkuhry

<6666 <7666 =6666 =7666 <6666 06666 07666 76666 77666 56666 -

Eglruhry

Nhrmb

86666 8<666 82666 <<666 <6666 <0666 <2666 =<666 =0666 06666 -

Hprci

8666 2666 85666 =<666 <=666 50666 8<2666 0666 8<666 :0666 -

Nhy

866666 <66666 =66666 066666 <<666 766666 566666 566666 :66666 266666 366666 -

Dukg

56666 76666 06666 =6666 <=666 <6666 86666 :6666 26666 36666 -

87666 <7666 <7666 =7666 07666 <0666 5766 :7666 27666 37666 <6666 -

l) m)

Mhimuihtg tbg ncssckj ecjurgs usckj earnuihg & gnlai`gk tbgn. (8< nhros) Vraùmg h maiunk jrhpb ak h kgw sbggt sbawckj tbg bgh`ckj Naktbiy shigs ear 5 naktbs. _0 nhros^ `) Vrckt tbg warosbggt wctb earnuihg & shvg ct hs earnuihg. Ct sbaui` ect ak akg sbggt. _0 nhros^ 



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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK h) \gpraùmg tbg eaiiawckj warosbggt & shvg ct hs CP-Mastckj, cksgrt h tctig Manputgr Maksunhligs Mastckj & praùmg h prcktaut (7 nhros)

Vraùmt @gsmrcptcak

Mast prcmg

Nhro up

]giickj prcmg

06 JL `cso

266666

86%

7666

@rcvg

8=66666

<6%

8<6666

M@ Zrctgr

8766666

87%

886666

PU Pukgr Mhr`

=66666

<6%

06666

]auk` Mhr`

266666

87%

=6666

Uc`ga Mhr`

066666

=6%

<7666

Nuitcng`ch

866666

<6%

8<666

]pghogrs

<76666

<6%

87666

Master your semester with Scribd Ogylahr` 26666 <7% & The New York Times Nausg Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. 86666

<6%

Jrass praect

]tarhjg Gxpgksgs

Read Free For 30this Days Sign up to vote on title 82666

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3666

Kgt Vraect/iass

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK h)

Mrghtg h warosbggt usckj `hth lgiaw & shvg ct hs ]higs& praùmg h prckt aut. _= nhros^

Vraùmt Nausg Ogylahr`s Bhr` `csos M@-\ANs Eiappy `csos ]auk` Mhr`s M@-\ Nakctars

l) m) `) g) e) j)

Vgrmgkthjg ]higs 86 8< 2 86 <6 2 8< <6

Mrghtg h pcg mbhrt usckj tbg `hth hlavg. Ak tbg mbhrt put/ @cspihy @hth ihlgis ck`cmhtckj ihlgi & pgrmgkt. _= nhros^ Pbg mbhrt tctig sbaui` lg4 MANVWPG\ MAK]WNHLIG] VG\MGKPHJG ]HIG]. Ct sbaui` lg cksc`g tbg mbhrt (eakt typg4 Hjgkmy EL & eakt sczg 80, uk`grickg tbg tctig). _= nhros^ Earnht tbg igjgk` eakt typg ta Hjgkmy EL & eakt sczg ta 2. \gùmg tbg sczg ae yaur igjgk` ce ct cs manckj ta makthmt wctb tbg Mbhrt tctig. _= nhros^ Earnht `hth ihlgis eakt sczg ta 86 & eakt typg ta Hjgkmy EL ar Hrchi khrraw. _= nhros^ Wsckj yaur prckt prgvcgw nhog yaur pcg mbhrt ihrjg & ecttckj. ]hvg yaur pcg mbhrt hs Vcgshigs _7 nhros^ Mrghtg h warosbggt eran tbg eaiiawckj `hth & shvg ct hs mgiipbakgs prckt mapy _= nhros^

Mgii pbakg Master your semester with Scribd Kaoch 7786 ]hjgn =66 & The New York Times Kaoch ===6

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Vbcicps M76 Kaoch =086

Vrcmg ($) 766up Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign to vote title <766 Useful  Not useful =666 Cancel anytime. 0766 7666

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Computing (Theory

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


h) Pbg eaiiawckj `hth sbaws jhsaickg maksunptcak rhtgs ear `ceegrgkt mhrs trhvgickj ht `ceegrgkt spgg`s. Mrghtg h warosbggt usckj tbg `hth, shvg ct hs mhrs & praùmg h prckt aut. (7 nhros) 56on/b 8<6on/b 856on/b Lgkz 26 36 866 Nhz`h :6 26 36 UZ 56 :6 26 Payath 76 56 :6 LNZ 06 76 56 Igxus =6 06 76 Nctsulcsbc <6 =6 06 Bak`h 87 <7 =7

l) Cksgrt h tctig JH]AICKG MAK]WNVPCAK EA\ @CEEG\GKP NHOG] AE MH\] ht tbg tap ae tbg warosbggt. _< nhros^ m) Vraùmg h jhsaickg maksunptcak maiunk jrhpb, wctb h rgigvhkt Mbhrt tctig, R & S ” hxcs hxcs & h prapgr igjgk` ear tbg `hth. Pbg mhk`c`htg cs rgnck`g` ta usg prckt prg-vcgw ta nhog surg bcs bgr jrhpb ects ak tbg phjg. _2 nhros^ `) Cksgrt lgtwggk Payath & LNZ `gthcis ae tbg eaiiawckj mhr4 _7 nhros^ Kcsshk 07 77 57 g) ]hvg hs mhrs< &praùmg h prckt aut. e) Mrghtg h warosbggt usckj tbg `hth lgiaw & shvg ct hs Gnpiayggs. _7 nhros^

Khng ]urkhng Gnpiaygg # Master your semester with Scribd Hcn Times Jrggk Hh766 & The New York Tgxgi Liug Ll786 Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Dabk Nhro

Jrhy Vurpig

Mm7<6 @`7=6

Jrass Zhjg @gùmtcaks Kgt  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title whjg 866666 Useful  Not<7666 useful  Cancel anytime. <76666 566666 =66666

07666 37666 =7666

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK MAW\]GZA\O NH\O]BGGP PG]P]

KHNG] KSAKC H. JWKSGOW N. LCOZH O. NHOG@GKJG M. @BHKG\H N. JH\H R. Hvgrhjg Bcjbgst Iawgst

h)

PBGA\S

V\HMPCMHI

H]]CJKNGKP]

H]]CJKNGKP]

56%

8 := :0 ::

< 77 77 77

<6% -

8 23 :7 :6

< 76 70 5=

87% -

8 36 27 26

< 56 57 :6

<7% -

-

77 56 27 -

:= 72 78 -

-

55 :6 06 -

57 :6 := -

-

:7 :7 :7 -

:7 26 27 -

-

-

Wsckj sprgh`sbggt phmohjg yau bhvg ighrkt, `gscjk tbg hlavg nhro sbggt & shvg ct hs NH\O]BGGP. _5 nhros^

l)

Mhimuihtg tbg ncssckj ecjurgs usckj earnuihs _g nlai`gk tbg ncssckj ecjurgs^ & shvg tbg sbggt KGZNH\O]BGGP. _80 nhros^

Cksgrt h mbhrt hs kgw sbggt sbawckj4 KHNG], PG]P NH\O], PBGA\S H]]CJKNGKP, & Master yourm)semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up vote title V\HMPCMHI H]]CJKNGKP] & shvg ct hs NH\OMBH\P. _7tonhros^  & The New York Times Useful  Not useful  `) Mbhkjg tbg sprgh`sbggt ta `cspihy earnuihg yau bhvg usg`. H`dust tbg maiunk wc`tb sa tbht tbg Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. earnuihg hrg `cspihyg` ck euii hk` tbg sbggt ects ckta akg sc`g ae H0 ihk`smhpg earnht. ]hvg tbg

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Mrghtg tbg eaiiawckj warosbggt. NGHP PSVG

KA. AE OJ]

V\CMG/OJ

LIH@G ECIIGP L\C]OGP ICUG\

<8.<6 88<.=3 23.:6 876

<2066 <8<66 =5066 2766

PAPHI MA]P

UHP

MA]P + UHP

@CMAWKP HIIAZG@

KGP MA]P

\GXWC\G@ h)

l)

Lgiaw tbg warosbggt gktgr tbg eaiiawckj bgh`ckjs & mhimuihtg4 c.

Hvgrhjg kunlgr ae oj–s. _8 nhro^

cc.

Bcjbgst `csmaukt hiiawg`. _8 nhro^

ccc.

Iawgst vhiug h``g` thx. _8 nhro^

c. Uhiug H``g` Phx 87% ae tathi mast. mast. Mhimuihtg tbg UHP. _< nhros^ nhros^ cc.

@csmaukt Hiiawg` cs =.7% ae mast pius thx. Mhimuihtg. @csmaukt Hiiawg`. _< nhros^

ccc.

Mhimuihtg tbg Kgt Mast. _< nhros^

cv.

Mhimuihtg tbg tathi mast. _< nhros^

m)

\auk` aee tbg gktrcgs ear tathi mast ta < `gmcnhi pihmgs. _8 nhro^

`)

Ckmiu`g tbg murrgkmy synlai ck tbg Kgt Mast Maiunk (usg tbg ‒$– scjk). scjk). _8 nhro^

g) Maiunk bgh`grs ta lgwith Hrchi eaktScribd typg, sczg 88, lai` & cthicms. _< nhros^ Master your semester  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  Cksgrt tbg tctig ’Vrgncgr Nght ]higs „ ht tbg tap ae tbg warosbggt. _ < nhros^ & The Newe)j) York Times  Useful  Not useful Ear tbg tctig ta lg Hrchi eakt typg, sczg 80, maiar wbctg, wctb h lihmo lhmojrauk`. _< nhros^ Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. b) ]gt tbg warosbggt ta ihk`smhpg earnht & shvg tbg warosbggt hs ’MAKEC@GKPCHI„.

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Computing (Theory

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h) \gpraùmg tbg eaiiawckj warosbggts hs tbgy hrg, & shvg tbgn sgphrhtgiy hs PVI-hmm & PVI-hmm & Lsbggt. Lsbggt . _87 nhros^

P Lgdgrh Prh`ckj & Vraect & Iass Hmmaukt ear tbg yghr gk`g` =8 @gmgnlgr <6<7 083:6 ]higs 286 Earnu \gturk ckwhr`s Igss mast ae jaa`s sai` 7856 Apgkckj stamo <<256 Vurmbhsgs 7:6 Earnuihg \gturk autwhr`s

Miasckj stamo J\A]] V\AECP @csmaukt rgmgcvg` Igss4 Gxpgksgs Zhjgs & shihrcgs (2306+<86) \gkt & cksurhkmg (8:06-826) Mhrrchjg Ckwhr`s Jgkgrhi gxpgksgs (076+<6) @csmaukt hiiawg` Vravcscak ear lh` `glts Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. @gprgmchtcak4 Ecxturgs 4 @gicvgry Uhk


Earnuihg 0<36

Earnu Earnu

Earnu 1 1

<856 1

8006 Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title 876  Useful  Not useful Cancel anytime. 8<6 =66 Earnuihg

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] P Lgdgrh Lhihkmg sbggt hs ht =8 @gmgnlgr <6<7 MA]P HMMWNWIHPG@ @GV\GMCHPCAK ECRG@ H]]GP] Ecxturgs & Ecttckjs @gicvgry Uhk

MW\\GKP H]]GP] ]tamo @gltars Vravcscak ear lh` `glts Vrgphc` gxpgksgs Mhsb ck bhk`

KGP LAAO UHIWG

Earnuihg <866

8<6 =66

Earnu

Earnuihg

Earnuihg

Earnu

0<36 88386 Earnuihg

8866 826 36 Earnuihg

Igss4 MW\\GKP ICHLCICPCG] Mrg`ctars Gxpgksgs awckj Lhko avgr`rhet

Master your semester with Scribd & The NewECKHKMG@ York Times LS4 Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Mhpcthi

5656 <=6 0=76

Earnuihg

Earnu Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title



Useful

 Not useful

Cancel anytime.



Earnu

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Computing (Theory

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


h) \gpraùmg tbg eaiiawckj warosbggts hs tbgy hrg, & shvg tbgn sgphrhtgiy hs PVI-hmm & PVI-hmm & Lsbggt. Lsbggt . _87 nhros^

P NA\JHK Prh`ckj & Vraect & Iass Hmmaukt ear tbg yghr gk`g` =8 @gmgnlgr <6<7 <732:6 ]higs Earnuihg <70< \gturk ckwhr`s Igss mast ae jaa`s sai` 87570 Apgkckj stamo 8=7526 Vurmbhsgs 8=06: Earnuihg \gturk autwhr`s Mhrrchjg ckwhr`s Miasckj stamo J\A]] V\AECP @csmaukt rgmgcvg` Igss4 Gxpgksgs Zhjgs & shihrcgs \gkt (<73:=-88<6-70=7) Bghtckj (88686+8=56) Mhrrchjg autwhr`s H`vgrtcsckj Special offer for students: Only& $4.99/month. Vasthjg Pgigpbakg Vravcscak ear lh` `glts


882=6 Earnuihg 8::76

Earnu Earnu

Earnu =27<8 1 1

075< Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title useful  Useful  Not7326 Cancel anytime. <086 <<=

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] P NA\JHK Lhihkmg sbggt hs ht =8 @gmgnlgr <6<7 MA]P HMMWNWIHPG@ @GV\GMCHPCAK ECRG@ H]]GP] Ecxturgs & Ecttckjs

MW\\GKP H]]GP] ]tamo @gltars Vravcscak ear lh` `glts Vrgphc` gxpgksgs Lhko Mhsb ck bhk`

KGP LAAO UHIWG

5=6<6

Earnuihg

8::76 <0766 Earnuihg

Igss4 MW\\GKP ICHLCICPCG] Mrg`ctars Gxpgksgs awckj

83206 8=56

<=:57 5777 0006 7=0 Earnuihg

Earnuihg

Earnu

Earnu

ECKHKMG@ LS4

Master your semester with Scribd Mhpcthi & The NewKGPYork Times V\AECP Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

@rhwckjs


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2=2

Earnu

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK

h) Wsckj N] Gxmgi `rhw up h trh`ckj hk` praect hk` iass hmmaukt ear tbg yghr gk`g` =8 @gmgnlgr <665, & H LHIHKMG ]BGGP H] HP PBHP @HPG ck h kgw warosbggt. 0 Maiunks sbaui` lg usg`, 8 ear `gthcis hk` tbg atbgr = ear tbg ecjurgs. Pbg maiunks ear tbg ecjurgs sbaui` bhvg 0 lar`grs. Wk`grickg Wk`grickg wbgrg kgmgsshry usckj h mgii lar`gr. W]G EA\NWIH] EA\ HII MHIMWIHPCAK]. _<6 nhros^

]higs \gturk ckwhr`s Mast ae jaa`s sai` Apgkckj stamo Vurmbhsgs \gturk autwhr`s Miasckj stamo Jrass praect @csmaukt rgmgcvg` Zhjgs & shihrcgs \gkt & cksurhkmg Mhrrchjg Special offer for students: Onlyautwhr`s $4.99/month. Jgkgrhi gxpgksgs


083:

785 <<25

0<3 Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title

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387 875 <85

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Computing (Theory

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Ear tbg lhihkmg sbggt mighriy sbaw tbg eaiiawckj bgh`ckjs, ecxg` hssgts, hssgts, murrgkt hssgts, hssgts, murrgkt ichlcictcgs & eckhkmg` ly4 lai` & uk`grickg tbgn.

Ecxturgs & ecttckjs Ecxturgs & ecttckjs `gprgmchtcak @gicvgry vhk @gicvgry vhk `gprgmchtcak ]tamo @gltars Igss pravcscak ear lh` `glts Vrgphc` gxpgksgs Mhsb ck bhk` Mrg`ctars Gxpgksgs awckj Lhko avgr`rhet Mhpcthi Kgt praect @rhwckjs

Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. l) ]baw hii earnuihs

8<66 8<6 <866 =66 0<36 88386 286 826 36 5656 <=6 0=76 :<66 =726 <226 Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title

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usg` sgphrhtgiy ear tbg trh`ckj & praect & iass hmmaukt hk` ear tbg lhihkmg sbggt. _<6 nhros^

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK 8) Mrghtg tbg warosbggt lgiaw ck Ncmrasaet Gxmgi hk` shvg ct hs Nhros

<) Cksgrt h kgw maiunk lgtwggk maiunk @ hk` maiunk G =) Ck mgii G8 gktgr tbg tgxt ’Maursgwaro„ ’ Maursgwaro„ 0) Ck mgii G< gktgr h earnuih ta mhimuihtg m himuihtg tbg maursgwaro ear tbg stu`gkt. KL. \gngnlgr tbg Pgst cs aut ae <6, tbg Hsscjkngkt aut ae 866 hk` tbg Gxhn aut ae 76. Pbg maursgwaro nhro maktrclutgs 06% ae tbg eckhi nhro hk` tbg Pgst hk` Hsscjkngkt mhrry gquhi wgcjbtckj Mapy tbg earnuih ta tbg mgiis G= ta G2 7) Ck mgii J8 gktgr tbg tgxt ’EckhiNhro„  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  5) Ck mgii J< gktgr h earnuih ta mhimuihtg tbg eckhi eckhi nhro ear ghmb stu`gkt. Not useful  Useful  anytime. KL. Pbg Gxhn nhro maktrclutgs 56% ae tbg eckhiCancel nhro Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. :) ]art tbg stu`gkts ck hipbhlgtcm ar`gr


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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Pa juc`g tbg mustangrs ck shvckj ear tbgcr mhngrh tbg sbap pravc`gs tbg eaiiawckj stary. Dabhk whkts ta luy h mhngrh. Bg wgkt ta HL]H wba sujjgstg` h shvckjs hmmaukt. hmmaukt. Mhimuihtg baw numb bg mhk shvg ck <0 naktbs naktbs ce bg shvgs \866 pgr naktb ht hk cktgrgst rhtg ae =%. Bg cnng`chtgiy apgks tbg hmmaukt wctb \866.

H

L

M

8

@

G

E

J

Naktbiy phyngkt

Lhihkmg ht gk` ae naktb

]G\CAW] ]HUCKJ Naktb

<

Lhihkmg ht lgjckkckj ae naktb

Cktgrgst rhtg

Cktgrgst ear tbg naktb

=

8

68-Dhk-62

\ 866.66

=.66%

\ 6.<7

\ 866.66

\ <66.<7

0

<

68-Egl-62

\ <66.<7

=.66%

\ 6.76

\ 866.66

\ =66.:7

7

=

68-Nhr-62

\ =66.:7

=.66%

\ 6.:7

\ 866.66

\ 068.76

5

0

68-Hpr-62

\ 068.76

=.66%

\ 8.66

\ 866.66

\ 76<.78

: 2 3 86

8<. Hvgrhjg cktgrgst

8=. Pathi phyngkts

88

1

1

Master your semester with Scribd  Eaiiaw tbg ckstrumtcaks ta bgip yau wctb yaur sprgh`sbggt. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  & The NewWsgYork Useful useful K.L. earnuihsTimes ar eukmtcaks ta à tbg kgmgsshry mhimuihtcaks. mhimuihtcaks.Pbg typckj aeNot ecjurgs wcii kat jhck wcii nhros.Only $4.99/month. Special offer for students:

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Mrghtg h sprgh`sbggt wctb bgh`ckjs scncihr ta tbg `chjrhn. ]hvg ct hs Saur]urkhng]hvckj

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] :. Ck raw = mhimuihtg tbg lhihkmg ht tbg gk` ae ghmb naktb (Maiunk J) ly h``ckj tbg lhihkmg ht tbg lgjckkckj ae tbht naktb ta tbg cktgrgst cktgrgst ear tbg naktb hk` h``ckj tbg naktbiy phyngkt.

2. Earnht tbg murrgkmy ck maiunks (M, G, E hk` J) sa tbht ghmb hppghrs ck \hk`s wctb PZA `gmcnhi pihmgs ear <0 naktbs. lhihkmg ht tbg lgjckkckj ae tbg naktb naktb (Maiunk M). Ct cs tbg shng hs 3. Ck raw 0 ecii ck tbg lhihkmg tbg lhihkmg ht tbg gk` ae tbg prgvcaus naktb.

86. Wsckj hutaecii puii tbg earnuihgs àwk ear <0 naktbs. 88. Bcjbicjbt wctb rg` sbh`ckj baw numb bg bhs ck @gm <663 hetgr bg bhs shvg` ear <0 naktbs. 8

8<. Mhimuihtg tbg hvgrhjg cktgrgst tbht wcii lg phc` avgr tbg PZA yghrs (hvgrhjg ae Maiunk G).

8=. Mhimuihtg tbg tathi hnaukt ae phyngkts tbht wcii lg phc` avgr tbg <0 naktbs (tathi ae Maiunk E). hmqucrgs h kght hppghrhkmg. Pbg 80. Earnht tbg maiunk wc`tbs sa tbht tbg sprgh`sbggt hmqucrgs maiunks nust lg wc`g gkaujb ta sbaw tbg ecjurgs.

87. Wsckj tbg mbhrt manpakgkt ae tbg sprgh`sbggt phmohjg mrghtg h jrhpb sbawckj tbg naktbs hk` tbg ckmrghsckj gk` ae naktb lhihkmgs eran tbg lgjckkckj ae <662 ta tbg gk` g k` ae <662 hs sbawk ck tbg ciiustrhtcak. ciiustrhtcak. Katg tbg typg ae jrhpb, ihlgis, earnhttckj earnhttckj ak tbg hxcsgs, arcgkthtcak, gtm.

85. ]hvg tbg waro hs Saur]urkhng]hvckj.

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Ckmrghsckj lhihkmg & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. \ 8,066

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Computing (Theory

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


XWG]PCAK Ckstrumtcaks ta àwkiah` tbg ecig kgg`g` ta pgrearn tbcs prhmtcmg qugstcak. Ja ta tbg wgl icko lgiaw ta àwkiah`4

bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1wwwb:ewslx5t`3g H micgkt whkts ta luy EAW\ mhngrhs. 8.

Ck tbg ecig Vrcmgs iaao ht tbg Vrcmg Icst Mhngrhs warosbggt. warosbggt. Eck` tbg prcmgs ae `cjcthi mhngrhs. Sau nhy sgigmt hky EAW\ mhngrhs ar EAW\ ae tbg shng ock` ae mhngrh.

<.

Mrghtg h quathtcak ear bcn bcn ck Gxmgi ck tbg warosbggt Xuathtcak. Wsg tbg quathtcak earnht ae hk ckvacmg hs sbawk lgiaw.

=.

Lg surg ta put ck tbg Vraùmt Vraùmt Ma`g, @gsmrcptcak, Xuhktcty, Wkct Vrcmgs hk` Pathis. Pbgk mhimuihtg tbg ]ul-Pathi, UHP hk` Pathi ]aiutcak. Mapy wbgrg passclig ta nhog ogylahr`ckj ogylahr`ckj qucmogr.

0.

Wsg earnuihs ar eukmtcaks eukmtcaks ta à tbg kgmgsshry mhimuihtcaks. Pbg typckj ae ecjurgs wcii wcii kat jhck nhros.

7.

]hvg tbg ecig hs Saur]urkhngXuathtcak.

Vraùmt Ma`g

@gsmrcptcak


XPS

Wkct Vrcmg


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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Gxmgi4 Vrhmtcmg 8 \WL\CM 6 = 7 2 86 Igss tbhk <7% ae Narg tbhk <7% ae Narg tbhk 76% ae Narg tbhk :7% ae Hii ctgns ctgns manpigtg` ctgns manpigtg` ctgns manpigtg` ctgns manpigtg` manpigtg` marrgmtiy. marrgmtiy marrgmtiy marrgmtiy marrgmtiy Ghmb stgp ta manpigtg cs maksc`grg` h sckjig ctgn, gvgk ce ct cs phrt ae h ihrjgr strckj ae stgps. Aldgmtcvgs4 Pbg Ighrkgr wcii lg hlig ta4 8. <. =. 0. 7.

Gktgr `hth ckta hk Gxmgi ]prgh`sbggt Hppiy Murrgkmy hk` Vgrmgkt Vgrmgkt earnhttckj ta mgiis ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Wsg tbg Eukmtcak taai ta mhimuihtg VNP hrjungkts ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Hppiy earnhttckj ta mgii tgxt Wsg Jahi ]ggo mannhk` mannhk` ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng

Mhimuihtg h Mhr Vhyngkt ]thrt Ncmrasaet Gxmgi hk` typg tbg eaiiawckj ihlgis4 Ck Mgii H8 typg4 Vrgsgkt Uhiug Ck Mgii H< typg4 Cktgrgst Ck Mgii H= typg4 Naktbs Ck Mgii H0 typg4 Vhyngkt ]gigmt Maiunk H hk` earnht tbg ihlgis lai`

Master your semester with Scribd H`` tbg eaiiawckj ckearnhtcak hk` earnht tbg mgiis & The New]gigmt York Mgii L8Times hk` earnht ear Murrgkmy Ck Mgii L8 typg4 <6,666 Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Ck Mgii L< typg4 5.7


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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Gxmgi4 Vrhmtcmg < Aldgmtcvgs4 Pbg Ighrkgr wcii lg hlig ta4 8. <. =. 0.

Mapy h sprgh`sbggt ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng HutaEcii h ]grcgs wctb tbg Hutaecii mannhk` ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng H`` `hth ta h ]unnhry sbggt usckj \gegrgkmg ickos ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Wk`grsthk` \gihtcvg hk` Hlsaiutg rgegrgkmgs

Wsg Mgii \gegrgkmgs Apgk tbg shnpig Gxmgi sprgh`sbggt, àwkiah` ct bgrg sprgh`sbggt, Igjs, Igjs, Gjjs, hk` Vcjs Vcjs ck h Lhsogt Lhsogt àwkiah` bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1=rphbo2trkbshi:

Ckctchi Ckmrgngkt

866 87

@htg Vraùmt Kgt Xuhktcty \gvgkug Eglruhry 8:, <68= Gjjs $ 8.76 866 $ 876.66 Eglruhry 82, <68= Gjjs $ 8.76 887 $ 8:<.76 Eglruhry 83, <68= Gjjs $ 8.76 8=6 $ 837.66  Free Foron 30 Days Sign up to vote title Eglruhry <6, <68= Gjjs $ 8.76 Read 807 $this <8:.76


H`` Hkatbgr Vraùmt

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Gxmgi4 Vrhmtcmg = Aldgmtcvgs4 Pbg Ighrkgr wcii lg hlig ta4 8. <. =. 0. 7. 5.

Wsg hlsaiutg hk` rgihtcvg rgegrgkmgs ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Gxpihck tbg `ceegrgkmg lgtwggk hlsaiutg hk` rgihtcvg rgegrgkmgs Gktgr `hth hk` gquhtcaks ckta hk Gxmgi ]prgh`sbggt Mbgmo tbg Earnuih wctb tbg Prhmg Vrgmg`gkts mannhk` ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Wsg Zbht-Ce ]mgkhrcas ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Wsg Jahi ]ggockj ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng

Zaro wctb Jahi ]ggo hk` Zbht Ce Igjs, Gjjs, hk` Vcjs ck h Lhsogt Lhsogt ? àwkiah` ct bgrg? Apgk tbg shnpig Gxmgi sprgh`sbggt, Igjs,

bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1=rphbo2trkbshi: G`ct tbg @hth Ja ta tbg "Gjjs" sprgh`sbggt Pypg tbg Ckctchi `hth4 866 (tbg shng vhiug sbaui` lg tbg ecrst vhiug uk`gr Xuhktcty) Pypg tbg Ckmrgngkt4 7 Mrghtg hk gquhtcak tbht h``s tbg ckctchi shigs pius tbg prgvcaus `hy's shig, pius tbg ckmrgngkt. Bckt4 Sau mhk usg h rgihtcvg rgegrgkmg ear tbg ecrst vhiug uk`gr Xuhktcty, lut yau kgg` hlsaiutg rgegrgkmgs ear tbg rgnhck`gr ae tbg earnuihs.  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Pbg gquhtcak ck mgii @: sbaui` lg >@5+$L$=  Not useful  Useful  Ecii tbg earnuih ck maiunk @ Cancel anytime.


Pgst yaur ]prgh`sbggt

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Gxmgi4 Vrhmtcmg 0 Aldgmtcvgs4 Pbg Ighrkgr wcii lg hlig ta4 8. <. =. 0. 7.

Mapy warosbggts Wsg HutaEcitgr hk` `cspihy sgigmt ecitgrg` `hth ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Wsg ]ultathi Eukmtcak Eukmtcak ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Jraup hk` Autickg ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Mrghtg h VcvatPhlig ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng

Wsg tbg @hth Paais Apgk tbg shnpig Gxmgi sprgh`sbggt, ]higs4 ]higs4 àwkiah` ct eran bgrg

bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/10m=hs6iawt3hhw2 Ecitgr tbg `hth Nhog h MAVS ae tbg arcjckhi `hth warosbggt hk` rgkhng ct4 ]higs Ecitgrg`. ]gigmt tbg ecrst raw wctb tbg ihlgis hk` ja ta @hth -;Ecitgr Ecitgr tbg Mhtgjary4 Gùmhtcakhi Ecitgr tbg Mihss4 Gxmgi    

]ultathi tbg `hth Nhog hkatbgr Mapy ae tbg Arcjckhi @hth warosbggt hk` rgkhng ct4 ]ultathi ly \gp Free Foron 30this Days ]gigmt tbg gktcrg sprgh`sbggt hk` Ja ta @hth-; ]art Read Sign up to vote title ]art ly ]higs \gp  Useful  Not useful Cancel anytime. ]gigmt tbg gktcrg sprgh`sbggt hk` Ja ta @hth-; ]ultathi Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. ]gigmt ]higs \gp ear tbg ecrst jraup ]un ear tbg Eukmtcak

Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times     

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Gxmgi4 Vrhmtcmg 7 Aldgmtcvgs4 Pbg Ighrkgr wcii lg hlig ta4 8. <. =. 0. 7.

Gktgr hk` earnht ihlgis hk` `hth ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Wsg ]ultathi Eukmtcak Eukmtcak ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Jraup hk` Autickg ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng Cksgrt h UIaaoup rgegrgkmg rgegrgkmg ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng \gegr ta h Iaaoup Hrrhy ht ighst :7% ae tbg tcng

Mrghtg h ]higs sprgh`sbggt Apgk h kgw warosbggt hk` rgkhng ct Lakus H`` tbg eaiiawckj ihlgis hmrass \aw 84 H`` tbg khngs ae tbg shigs rgps ck Maiunk H4 Higx, Makkcg, Giczhlgtb, hk` Kcoc. H`` tbg eaiiawckj shigs `hth ck Maiunk L. Earnht Maiunk @ ear murrgkmy hk` Maiunk G ear pgrmgkt H`` tbg eaiiawckj `hth4      

H 8 \gps < Higx = Makkcg 0 Giczhlgtb 7 Kcoc @ggtgr 5 $4.99/month. Special offer for students: Only

L ]higs $ =,766.66 $ 2,=86.66 $ 2,8:6.66 $8=,756.66 $ =,766.66

M Lakus Vgrmgkt


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G

Jahi

Vgrmgkt

E Lakus Mbgmo

$<,766 7% $7,666 86% Free Foron 30this Days $:,766Read 87% Sign up to vote title $86,666  Useful <6%  Not useful Cancel anytime.

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK 8.

Pbg Mhr Vhyngkt Sau sgg hk h` ear h usg` mhr tbht yau waui` icog ta luy. Pbg h` shys tbht tbg `ghigr wcii jcvg hkyakg h $766 trh`g ck ak bcs ar bgr ai` vgbcmig. Pbg hsockj prcmg ear tbg mhr (lgearg trh`g-ck) cs $0,666. Pbgy wcii aeegr yau h 0% cktgrgst rhtg ear h =-yghr iahk. Zbht cs tbg hnaukt yau kgg` ta eckhkmg1 Wsg tbg VNP eukmtcak eukmtcak ta `gtgrnckg wbht wbht yaur naktbiy phyngkts phyngkts wcii lg. Mapy tbg waro, hk` tbgk usg tbg Jahi ]ggo taai ta `gtgrnckg wbht tbg hsockj prcmg ae tbg mhr, lgearg trh`gck, waui` bhvg ta lg ta nhog h naktbiy phyngkt ae $:6. ]baw latb smgkhrcas ck yaur warosbggt

<.

Pbg M]886 Jrh`g Laao \gmrghtg tbg thlig sbawk lgiaw. lgiaw. @gtgrnckg tbg hvgrhjg ear ghmb ghmb stu`gkt–s eckhi jrh`g. Hipbhlgtczg tbg icst. Wsckj tbg Iaaoup earnuih, mhimuihtg mhimuihtg tbg igttgr jrh`g ear ghmb ghmb stu`gkt wbgrgly hkytbckj avgr 36 cs hk H, 26 cs h L, :6 cs h M, 56 cs h @ hk` hkytbckj iawgr cs hk E. Mbh tbg eckhi jrh`gs ck h lhr mbhrt.

Khng

Gxhn 8

Gxhn <

Gxhn =

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26

22

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33

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35

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36

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\WPGK@A 36 Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. =. Uhmhtcak Lu`jgt

Eckhi Jrh`g


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Useful

Igttgr Jrh`g

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK 8. ]thrt Ncmrasaet Gxmgi hk` typg tbg t bg eaiiawckj sprgh`sbggt gxhmtiy hs sbawk (eaiiaw tbg m aiunk hk` raw bgh`ckjs hs h juc`g). Sau mhk gctbgr prckt aut tbg eaiiawckj c kstrumtcaks ar bhvg twa wckàws apgk (Ncmrasaet Gxmgi - yaur sprgh`sbggt, hk` yaur lrawsgr wctb tbgsg ckstrumtcaks).

H 8

L

M

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Pa trhmo CMH naùigs

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0

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7

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2

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277

:83

3

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2:7

5<7

86

Makmgpts

2<6

:76

88

G-nhci

256

266

Vhrtcmcphkts

]HP

WK]HP

]HP Hvgrhjg

8< 8= 80

Avgrhii Hvgrhjg ae ]HP–s4

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title <. Gktgr yaur khng hk` ta`hy's `htg ck tbg sphmgs sbawk ak tbg sprgh`sbggt. tbg maiunk wc`tbs ta hmmanna`htg tbg iakjgst gktrcgs ck ghmb ae tbg & The New=. H`dust York Times Useful Not useful maiunks. Cancel anytime.

 

0. Wk`grickg tbg maiunk ihlgis (Vhrtcmcphkts, ]HP, WK]HP hk` ]HP Hvgrhjg). Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. 7. Gktgr h earnuih ck @2 ta mhimuihtg tbg kunlgr ae phrtcmcphkts wba rgmgcvg` h nhro ae WK]HP ck Zar` (# ae phrtcmcphkts nckus ]HP). Mapy tbcs earnuih ta @3, @86, hk` @88 ta mhimuihtg tbg kunlgr ae stu`gkts

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Computing (Theory

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


Mrghtg h sprgh`sbggt usckj tbg tbg eaiiawckj ckearnhtcak. Sau bhvg lggk hsog` ta prgphrg h sprgh`sbggt ta sbaw tbg praect praect hk` iass ecjurg ear tbg ihst eckhkmchi yghr. Pbg praect hk` iass sbaui` lg sbawk hs h àiihrs hk` hs h pgrmgkthjg. 8)

Gktgr tbg rhw `hth lgiaw, lgiaw, hppiyckj hs nhky prgsgkthtcak prgsgkthtcak Eghturgs (Eakt, (Eakt, Eakt ]czg, Eakt Maiaur, Kunlgr Earnhts hk` Maiaur, Mgii ]bh`ckj, Pgxt \athtcak, gtm) ta ct hs yau wcsb.

<)

Hppiy hppraprchtg hppraprchtg kunlgr earnhts ta ta yaur kunlgrs.

=)

Mgktgr yaur sprgh`sbggt barczakthiiy ak tbg phjg

0)

Jcvg yaur sprgh`sbggt hk hppraprchtg tctig hk` mgktgr ct hmrass yaur sprgh`sbggt.

7)

]gigmt tbg lgst phjg arcgkthtcak ear yaur sprgh`sbggt.

5)

H`dust tbg maiunk wc`tb wc`tb hk` raw bgcjbt bgcjbt ta suct tbg ihyaut yau bhvg bhvg sgigmtg`.

:)

Mrghtg earnuihs ta mhimuihtg tbg praect / iass hs h murrgkmy ear ghmb naktb.

2)

Mrghtg earnuihs ta mhimuihtg tbg praect / iass hs h pgrmgkthjg ear ghmb naktb.

3)

Mrghtg earnuihs ta mhimuihtg tbg Hkkuhi Pathis ear tbg Ckmang, gxpgk`cturg, hk` praect / iass.

86) Mrghtg h earnuih ta mhimuihtg tbg praect / iass ear tbg wbaig yghr. 88) ]gtup hk hppraprchtg bgh`gr ear tbcs sprgh`sbggt.

Master your with ]gtup h phjg kunlgr ear tbcsScribd sprgh`sbggt hk` pihmg ct ck tbg eaatgr. 8<) semester Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful Naktb Ckmang Gxpgk`cturg Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Nhrmb

Cancel anytime.

8<73.3

8086.07

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Computing (Theory




XWG]PCAK Mrghtg tbg eaiiawckj Phlig ck Gxmgi? \aiiKa Khng Nhtb Gkjicsb ]mcgkmg Pathi \gsuit @cvcscak Katg4 Vhss Nhros ]baui` lg 76 hk` tathi, rgsuit sbaui` lg manputg` usckj earnuih. Pbasg wba ehcig` wak–t bhvg `cvcscak hk` h k` manputg tbg `cvcscak ae rgst usckj earnuih ck kgxt sbggt (kgxt sbggt sbaui` makthck mak thck akiy \aiika hk` @cvcscak wbcig tbg ecrst sbggt wcii makthck maiunks hs jcvgk hlavg gxmgpt @cvcscak). Hisa vhic`htg nhros ” nhros ” sbaui` sbaui` kat makthck narg tbhk 866 ar igss tbhk 6. Ce sa pgrscst whrkckj ckearnhtcak .

]aiutcak4 Zgii, tbg qugstcak hsos us ta mrghtg twa sbggts ” tbg tbg ecrst wctb \aiiKa, Khng, Nhtb, Gkjicsb, ]mcgkmg, Pathi hk` \gsuit hk` tbg sgmak` sbggt wctb \aiiKa hk` @cvcscak. Gktgr tbg bgh`ckjs hs hsog` ck sbggt8 hk` sbggt<. Gktgr earnuih ta mhimuihtg Pathi (E<) ak ]bggt84 > M< + @< + G< Gktgr Earnuih ta mhimuihtg \gsuit (J<) ak ]bggt84 > CE (A\(M<976, @<976, @<976, G<976), ’Ehci„, ’Vhss„) _ Ce hky ae tbg nhros cs igss tbhk 76, tbg \gsuit cs Ehci, atbgrwcsg, Vhss^ Hitgrkhtgiy, yau mhk usg hky ae tbg eaiiawckj earnuih ta mhimuihtg \gsuit. > CE ( HK@( M<;>76, @<;>76, G<;>76), ’Vhss„, ’Ehci„ ) _ Ce hii ae tbg nhros cs jrghtgr tbhk ar gquhi ta 76, \gsuit cs Vhss atbgrwcsg, Ehci ^ > CE ( NCK (M<4G<)976, ’Ehci„, ’Vhss„ ) _ Ce tbg nckcnun nhros cs igss tbhk 76, \gsuit cs Ehci, atbgrwcsg, Vhss ^ Ja ta tbg ]bggt < hk` ak H< gktgr earnuih >]bggt8!H< hk` bct Gktgr. Pbcs wcii praùmg ak H< ae ]bggt< wbhtgvgr ct whs whs ak H< ae ]bggt8. @rhj tbg ecii bhkìg àwk ta ecii tbg shng earnuih ta hii tbg raws gxcstckj ck ]bggt8. Ak L< ae ]bggt< gktgr earnuih ta mhimuihtg @cvcscak4 >CE( ]bggt8!J< > ’Ehci„, ’*„, CE ( ]bggt8!E< / = ;> :7, ’Ecrst @cvcscak„, CE ( ]bggt8!E 56, ’]gmak` @cvcscak„, ’Pbcr` @cvcscak ))) _ Ce \gsuit mgii ae ]bggt 8 makthcks Ehci, gktgr *, atbgrwcsg, Ce Pathi mgii ae ]bggt8 / = (hvgrhjg ar pgrmgkt) cs narg tbhk ar gquhi ta :7, gktgr Ecrst @cvcscak, atbgrwcsg, ce hvgrhjg cs narg tbhk ar gquhi ta 56, gktgr ]gmak` @cvcscak hk` gktgr Pbcr` @cvcscak ear tbg rgst. ^ Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Pa sgt vhic`htcak ak nhros4  Ja ta tbg ]bggt 8 hk` sgigmt tbg mgiis wbgrg nhros cs gktgrg`. Ja ta @hth ;; Uhic`htcak. Not useful  Useful  Cancel anytime. Ak ]gttckjs thl makecjurg4 makecjurg4 Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Hiiaw ” Hiiaw ” wbaig wbaig kunlgr? @hth ” @hth ” lgtwggk? lgtwggk? Nhxcnun ” Nhxcnun ” 866? 866? Nckcnun ” Nckcnun ” 6 6


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Computing (Theory

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


Mrghtg h sprgh`sbggt usckj tbg tbg eaiiawckj ckearnhtcak. Sau bhvg lggk hsog` ta prgphrg h sprgh`sbggt usckj tbg rgsuits ae h survgy ak tbg typgs ae eczzy `rckos pgapig prgegr. =666 pgapig wbgrg hsog` wbht tbgcr ehvarctg eczzy `rcko cs, hk` wbht tbgcr kgxt prgegrgkmg waui` lg ce tbgcr ehvarctg whs kat hvhcihlig. 8)

Gktgr tbg rhw `hth lgiaw, lgiaw, hppiyckj hppiyckj hs nhky prgsgkthtcak prgsgkthtcak Eghturgs Eghturgs (Eakt, (Eakt, Eakt ]czg Eakt Maiaur, Kunlgr Earnhts hk` Maiaur, Mgii ]bh`ckj, Pgxt \athtcak, gtm) ta ct hs yau wcsb. wcsb.

<)

Hppiy hppraprchtg hppraprchtg kunlgr kunlgr earnhts earnhts ta yaur yaur kunlgrs. kunlgrs.

=)

Mgktgr yaur sprgh`sbggt barczakthiiy ak tbg phjg

0)

Jcvg yaur sprgh`sbggt hk hppraprchtg tctig hk` mgktgr ct hmrass yaur sprgh`sbggt.

7)

]gigmt tbg lgst phjg arcgkthtcak ear yaur sprgh`sbggt.

5)

H`dust tbg maiunk wc`tb wc`tb hk` raw raw bgcjbt ta suct tbg ihyaut ihyaut yau bhvg bhvg sgigmtg`. sgigmtg`.

:)

Mrghtg earnuih's ta mhimuihtg tbg pgrmgkthjg ae tbg tathi kunlgr ae pgapig survgyg` tbht prgegrrg` h spgmcecm eczzy `rcko hs tbgcr ecrst prgegrgkmg.

2)

Mrghtg earnuih's ta mhimuihtg tbg pgrmgkthjg ae tbg tathi kunlgr ae pgapig survgyg` tbht prgegrrg` h spgmcecm eczzy `rcko hs tbgcr sgmak` prgegrgkmg.

3)

]gtup hk hppraprchtg bgh`gr ear tbcs sprgh`sbggt.

86) semester ]gtup h phjg kunlgr ear tbcs sprgh`sbggt hk` pihmg ct ck tbg eaatgr. Master your with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful Cancel anytime.


@rcko

8st Vrgegrgkmg

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Ckstrumtcaks ta àwkiah` tbg ecig kgg`g` ta pgrearn tbcs prhmtcmg qugstcak. Ja ta tbg wgl icko lgiaw ta àwkiah`4

bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1a2txx2


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bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1<78dxwyudhd0ixh



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bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/10sutnzg2c8


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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Hspgk Vbhrnhmgutcmhis hrg ihukmbckj sgvgrhi kgw praùmts hk` bhvg ckvctg` artbaphg`cm surjgaks eran baspcthis mauktry-wc`g ta httgk` h sgrcgs ae makegrgkmgs ta lg bgi` ht tbg ]trhkjnhk–s Makegrgkmg Mgktrg ht Grckvhig Gsthtg Batgi, ]angrsgt Zgst. @AZKIAH@ makegrgkmg.xis bgrg

bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1u2k33=dg=uhu8r3

Apgk ct hk` shvg ct cnng`chtgiy hs XWG]P<.xis. Pbg eaiiawckj ckstrumtcaks hrg ta lg mhrrcg` au ck ar`gr ta mhimuihtg masts ear tbg makegrgkmg. KAPG4 Ct wcii lg kgmgsshry ta usg sang CE eukmtcaks hs wgii hs h UIAAOWV eukmtcak ta pgrearn mgrthck ae tbg mhimuihtcaks. <.8

<.<

Cksgrt ECUG raws ht tbg tap ae tbg thlig hk` typg tbg eaiiawckj bgh`ckjs mbaasckj h sucthlig eakt hk` eakt sczg4

<

\aw 84 ]trhkjnhk–s Makegrgkmg Mgktrg \aw =4 V\G-LAAOCKJ]4 ]GVPGNLG\ <66=

<

Earnht tbg bgh`ckjs hk` mbhkjg tbg sczg ae tbg raw sa tbht hii tbg bgh`ckjs mhk lg sggk.

< Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  <.= Cksgrt h earnuih ck maiunk M ta mhimuihtg mhimuihtg tbg Kunlgr ae `hys ht tbg tbg makegrgkmg. Mapy & The New York Times Useful  Not useful  àwk. (PCV! Earnht tbg `htgs marrgmtiy!) < Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

<.0

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Pa mhimuihtg tbg Hmmanna`htcak Masts, rgegr ta tbg \GEG\GKMG].

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] <.86

Wsg h nhtbgnhtcmhi eukmtcak ta mhimuihtg tbg tathi `gpasct.

8

<.88

Pa manpigtg tbg Eaa` Masts thlig, usg h UIAAOWV eukmtcak.

7

<.8<

Wsg h nhtbgnhtcmhi eukmtcak ta mhimuihtg tbg tathi eaa` masts.

8

<.8=

Mhimuihtg tbg `gpasct ak eaa` masts4 usg tbg mgii ck wbcmb tbg 86% cs gktgrg` hk` nuitcpiy ly tbg tathi eaa` masts ae tbg `ceegrgkt jraups. Wsg hk hlsaiutg mgii rgegrgkmg ear tbg tbg mgii makthckckj tbg 86% ck ar`gr ta mapy tbg earnuih.

<

<.80

Bc`g hii maiunks gxmgpt H, L, M hk` D.

8

<.<

Wsckj tbg mbhrt manpakgkt, mrghtg h maiunk mbhrt sbawckj tbg @hys ht tbg Makegrgkmg manphrg` hjhckst h jhckst Hmmanna`htcak hk` Prhkspart Masts. Jcvg tbg mbhrt tbg tctig ‒MAKEG\GKMG ‒ MAKEG\GKMG MA]P]– hk` ihlgi hxcs x ‒KWNLG\ AE @HS]– hk` hxcs y ‒HMMANNA@HPCAK HK@ P\HK]VA\P MA]P]–. @a kat sbaw h igjgk` hk` pihmg tbg mbhrt hs h kgw sbggt.

<



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ZA\@ V\AMG]]CKJ XWG]PCAK ]upgrsmrcpt Gxgrmcsg Earnht tbg eaiiawckj ckta supgrsmrcpt4 supgrsmrcpt4 g.j. 5n< <7n<

0n=

=6n<

x<

h<

8666M

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XWG]PCAK Eakt Geegmts Gxgrmcsg Earnht tbg eaiiawckj ickgs ae tgxt hs pgr tbg ckstrumtcak maiunk.

@hth Ckstrumtcak Master your semester with Scribd ZCIIGPAK BAPGI =5 packt, Autickg & The NewHicmg York Times 02 Vackt, ]bhàw ]prckjs Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Hii na`grk ehmcictcgs =5 Vackt, Gkjrhvg`


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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Lai`, Cthicms, hk` Wk`grickg Gxgrmcsg Earnht tbg eaiiawckj ickgs ae tgxt hs pgr tbg ckstrumtcak maiunk.

@hth ZCIIGPAK BAPGI Hicmg ]prckjs

Ckstrumtcak Lai`

Hii na`grk ehmcictcgs Ehnciy rgsthurhkt Na`grhtg thrcee Pgigpbakg Ehx Ka

Wk`grickg Lai`, hk` Cthicms Lai`, hk` Wk`grickg Cthicms, hk` Wk`grickg Lai`, Cthicms, hk` Wk`grickg

Cthicms

Lai` tbg war` 'lrawk' tbg tbg eaiiawckj sgktgkmg Pbg qucmo lrawk eax dunpg` avgr tbg ihzy àj Cthicms tbg war` 'avgr' tbg tbg eaiiawckj sgktgkmg Pbg qucmo lrawk eax dunpg` avgr tbg ihzy àj Wk`grickg tbg war` 'ihzy' tbg tbg eaiiawckj sgktgkmg Pbg qucmo lrawk eax dunpg` avgr tbg ihzy àj

Master your semester with Scribd Lai` tbg war`s 'qucmo lrawk' tbg tbg eaiiawckj sgktgkmg & The NewPbgYork Times qucmo lrawk eax dunpg` avgr tbg ihzy àj Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Cthicms tbg war` 'avgr tbg ihzy' tbg tbg eaiiawckj sgktgkmg


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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Mut hk` Vhstg Gxgrmcsg Earnht tbg eaiiawckj ickgs ae tgxt hs pgr tbg ckstrumtcak maiunk. Wsg tbg Mut eghturg ak tbg tgxt ck Vhrhjrhpb 0 (@gkkcs– M@–s hk` thpgs wcii hisa lg

hvhcihlig ear purmbhsg.), tbgk Vhstg ct uk`gr Vhrhjrhpb 7 (Zg waui` lg jrhtgeui ce yau waui` h`vgrtcsg tbcs makmgrt ta lg bgi` ak ]htur`hy <=r` Eglruhry <662, ht :4= pn.) @ghr ]cr / Nh`hn

Vighsg eck` gkmiasg` pastgrs h`vgrtcsckj tbg ‒@gkkcs Nhrsb hk` Jugsts– makmgrt. @gkkc cs h wgii-okawk Nharc Gktgrthckgr.

Pbcs wcii lg h wak`greui gvgkckj, wctb h vhrcgty ae gxmgiigkt gktgrthckngkt aeegrg`. Pbgr wcii lg 0 àar prczgs ta lg wak ak tbg kcjbt. Icjbt rgergsbngkts wcii hisa lg hvhcihlig ea shig, wctb bangnh`g swggts hk` lcsmucts. @gkkcs– M@–s hk` thpgs wcii hisa lg hvhcihlig ear purmbhsg.

Master your semester with Scribd & The NewPcmogts York Times wcii lg ak shig eran Kavgnlgr 8 <66:.

Zg waui` lg jrhtgeui ce yau waui` h`vgrtcsg tbcs makmgrt ta lg bgi` ak ]htur`hy <=r`  Eglruhry <662, ht :4=6 pn. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title st


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s mhk lg althckg` ly bhvckj h ‒Liamo Laaockj– ear wbcmb h earn cs gkmiasg`? ly Pcmogt pbakckj ]hiiy ]hiiy @hig ak ak Vb 7<7-:273? 7<7-:273? ar ly wrctckj ta @gkkcs @gkkcs Nhrsb Nhrsb Makmgrt Makmgrt m/- 7/5=

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Computing (Theory

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

NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Mapy hk` Vhstg Gxgrmcsg Earnht tbg eaiiawckj ickgs ae tgxt hs pgr tbg ckstrumtcak maiunk.

Wsg tbg Mapy eghturg ak tbg tgxt ck ht tbg lattan ae tbg phjg (,hk` h prcmg icst wcii l hvhcihlig ak tbg kcjbt), tbgk Vhstg Vhstg ct hetgr tbg tbg war` 'purmbhsg' ck Vhrhjrhpb 0 (@gkkcs– M@–s hk ` thpgs wcii hisa lg hvhcihlig ear purmbhsg) @ghr ]cr / Nh`hn

Vighsg eck` gkmiasg` pastgrs h`vgrtcsckj tbg ‒@gkkcs Nhrsb hk` Jugsts– makmgrt. @gkkc cs h wgii okawk Nharc Gktgrthckgr.

Pbcs wcii lg h wak`greui gvgkckj, wctb h vhrcgty ae gxmgiigkt gktgrthckngkt aeegrg`. Pbgr wcii lg 0 àar prczgs ta lg wak ak tbg kcjbt. Icjbt rgergsbngkts wcii hisa lg hvhcihlig ea shig, wctb bangnh`g swggts hk` lcsmucts. @gkkcs– M@–s hk` thpgs wcii hisa lg hvhcihlig ear purmbhsg. Zg waui` lg jrhtgeui ce yau waui` h`vgrtcsg h` vgrtcsg tbcs makmgrt ta lg bgi` ak ]htur`hy <=r` Eglruhry <662, ht :4=6 pn.

Master your semester Scribd  Pcmogts wcii lg ak shigwith eran Kavgnlgr 8 <66:. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  ly Pcmogts mhk lg althckg` ly bhvckj h ‒Liamo Laaockj– ear wbcmb h earn cs gkmiasg`? & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful pbakckj ]hiiy ]hiiy @hig ak ak Vb 7<7-:273? 7<7-:273? ar ly wrctckj ta @gkkcs @gkkcs Nhrsb Nhrsb Makmgrt Makmgrt m/- 7/5= st


Arhkjh Hvgkug, Akgbukjh.

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Vhrt 8 Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 8< packt, gxmiu`g tbg lar`gr, & shvg ct hs vcrus _86 nhros^ Vratgmt Saursgie4 Manputgr Ucrusgs Ucrusgs, Pradhk barsgs & warns hrg bunhk-nh`g saetwhrg prajrhns mrghtg` spgmcecmhiiy ta wrgho bhvam ak pgrsakhi manputgrs hk` kgtwaros. Pbg mbhkmg ae maktrhmtckj akg ae tbgsg manputgr vcrusgs avgr tbg Cktgrkgt bhs ckmrghsg` `rhnhtcmhiiy. Ck ehmt, ukigss yau ruk hktc-vcrus saetwhrg, yaur manputgr wcii hinast mgrthckiy lgmang ckegmtg`. Pypcmhiiy, yau jgt h vcrus ly apgkckj ckegmtg` g-nhci htthmbngkts.

]ang vcrusgs hrg rgihtcvgiy bhrnigss ta ck`cvcùhis. Pbgy dust htthmb tbgnsgivgs ta autjackj ngsshjgs ar g-nhci tbgnsgivgs ta hii tbg makthmts icstg` ck yaur h``rgss laao. Pbg su``gk eiaa` e iaa` a g-nhci avgrwbgins nhci sgrvgrs, mhusckj tbg systgn ta mrhsb. mr hsb. Atbgr vcrusgs hrg narg `gstrumtcvg hk` nhy icg àrnhkt uktci h mgrthck `htg. Pbgk tbgy sprckj ta iceg ta à tbgcr `crty `gg`s. ]angtcngs h strhkjg ngsshjg hppghrs ak yaur smrggk, ar `hth hk` prajrhns nhy lg na`cecg`. Ck Ck tbg warst mhsg, hii tbg ecigs ak yaur yaur bhr` `rcvg nhy lg wcpg` aut. Pbgsg pgrkcmcaus prajrhns sthrt ak akg manputgr, tbgk rgpicmhtg qucmoiy, ckegmtckj atbgr manputgrs hrauk` tbg wari`.

Master your semester with Scribd Ck 8322 h stu`gkt ht Markgii Wkcvgrscty sgkt aut h vcrus aut ly hmmc`gkt, ckegmtckj narg tbhk  5,66 Read Free For 30 Days Sign up to vote on this title manputgrs ck nckutgs, kghriy lrckjckj tbg Cktgrkgt ta cts okggs. N arg rgmgktiy, tbg "C IavgSau" & The NewvcrusYork Useful systgns useful mhusg` Times avgr $8 lciicak ck iast praùmtcvcty hs ct mrcppig` Ihst  g-nhci  Notwari`wc`g. Cancel anytime.

yghr hiakg, 86,666 kgw vcrusgs, Pradhk barsgs hk` warns wgrg ukighsbg`. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw hs ct cs. Wsg eakt sczg 8<. _2 nhros^

wbht cs h Lrawsgr1

H lrawsgr cs h manputgr prajrhn tbht rgsc`gs ak yaur manputgr gkhlickj yau ta usg tbg manputgr ta vcgw ZZZ àmungkts hk` hmmgss tbg Cktgrkgt thockj h`vhkthjg ae tgxt earnhttckj, bypgrtgxt ickos, cnhjgs, sauk`s, natcak, liajs, hk` atbgr eghturgs. Ecrgeax hk` Cktgrkgt Gxpiargr hrg murrgktiy tbg igh`ckj "jrhpbcmh lrawsgrs" ck tbg wari` (nghkckj tbgy ehmcicthtg tbg vcgwckj ae jrhpbcms sumb hs cnhjgs hk` vc`ga hk` narg). Pbgrg hrg atbgr lrawsgrs (g.j., Nazciih, ]hehrc, Apgrh). Nast a eegr nhky ae tbg shng eghturgs hk` mhk lg summgsseuiiy usg` ta rgtrcgvg àmungkts hk` hmtcvhtg nhky ock`s ae prajrhns.

Lrawsgrs hii rgiy ak "piuj-cks" ta "piuj-cks" ta bhkìg tbg ehkmcgr ecigs yau eck` ak tbg Zgl. Viuj-cks hrg sul-prajrhns starg` wctbck h lrawsgr ar gisgwbgrg ck yaur manputgr gspgmchiiy ta suppart spgmchi typgs ae ecigs yau nhy micmo ak. Ce yau micmo ak h icko, hk` yaur manputgr àgs kat murrgktiy bhvg tbg piuj-ck kgg`g` ear tbg ecig yau micmog` ak, yau hrg usuhiiy pranptg` wctb hk appartukcty ta jgt tbg piuj-ck. Nast piuj-cks hrg ergg, hk ghsy hk` sheg ta cksthii ak yaur manputgr? eaiiaw tbg ckstrumtcaks yau hrg jcvgk. Pbg nhck why ck wbcmb lrawsgrs `ceegr cs ck tbg makvgkcgkmg eghturgs tbgy aeegr ear khvcjhtckj hk` nhkhjckj tbg Zgl hk` hii tbg W\Is yau nhy whkt ta oggp trhmo ae. Kgtsmhpg hk` Cktgrkgt Gxpiargr latb aeegr tbg hlcicty ta g-nhci àmungkts, àwkiah` tbgn ta `csogttg, prckt tbgn, hk` oggp trhmo ae wbgrg yau'vg lggk hk` sctgs yau whkt ta "laaonhro" ar "laaonhro" ar "H`` ta Ehvarctgs" (Ncmrasaet's khng laaonhros).

h) ]hvg tbg àmungkt hs lrawsgr. _< nhros^ Master your semester with Scribd  l) Mbhkjg tbg mhsg ae tbg nhck bgh`ckj ta Pctig Mhsg, Eakt sczg 85, àulig uk`grickg Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & mgktgr ct  _0 nhros^ & The Newm) York Times Useful  Not useful  Vut h lar`gr rcjbt rauk` tbg phsshjg & kat tbg phjg. _0 nhros^ Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. `) Dustcey hii tbg phrhjrhpbs gxmiu`ckj tbg nhck bgh`ckj. _< nhros^

g) Mbhkjg tbg eakt typg ae phrhjrhpb < ta Laaonhk Ai` ]tyig, eakt sczg 80. _< nhros^

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK packt, & shvg ct hs Cktgrkgt _7 nhros^ PSVG PBG VH]]HJG lgiaw, eakt sczg 80 packt, Zbht cs tbg Cktgrkgt1 Pbg Cktgrkgt cs h kgtwaro ae kgtwaros, ickockj manputgrs ta manputgrs sbhrckj tbg PMV/CV pratamais. Ghmb pratamais. Ghmb ruks saetwhrg ta pravc`g ar "sgrvg" ckearnhtcak "sgrvg" ckearnhtcak hk`/ar ta hmmgss hk` vcgw ckearnhtcak.

Pbg Cktgrkgt cs tbg trhkspart vgbcmig ear tbg ckearnhtcak starg` ck ecigs ar àmungkts ak hkatbgr manputgr. Ct mhk lg manphrg` ta hk cktgrkhtcakhi mannukcmhtcaks utcicty sgrvcmckj manputgrs. Ct cs sangtcngs manphrg` ta h jchkt cktgrkhtcakhi piunlckj systgn. systgn. Pbg Cktgrkgt ctsgie àgs kat makthck ckearnhtcak. Ct cs h sicjbt ncssthtgngkt ta shy h "àmungkt whs eauk` ak tbg Cktgrkgt." Ct waui` lg narg marrgmt ta shy ct whs eauk` tbraujb ar usckj tbg Cktgrkgt. Zbht ct whs eauk` ck (a ak) cs akg ae tbg manputgrs ickog` ta tbg Cktgrkgt.

Vhrt < h) Mbhkjg tbg eakt typg ae tbg phsshjg ta Mancm ]hks N] _< nhros^. l) Mgktgr tbg bgh`ckj, uk`grickg ct, ckmrghsg tbg eakt sczg ta <6 & mbhkjg tbg eakt typg ta Hijgrchk. _0 nhros^. m) Navg phrhjrhpb 8 lgiaw phrhjrhpb <, sumb tbht phrhjrhpb
Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times g)

Vgrearn @rap mhps ak gvgry mbhrhmtgr tbht lgjcks h phrhjrhpb (`rap = i ckgs). _0 nhros^

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XWG]PCAK VH\P 8 Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 86 packt, & shvg ct ZZZ _86 _ 86 nhros^ Zbht cs tbg Zari` Zc`g Zgl hk` wbht nhogs ct waro1

Pbg ZZZ ckmarparhtgs hii ae tbg Cktgrkgt sgrvcmgs hlavg hk` numb narg. Sau mhk rgtrcgvg àmungkts, vcgw cnhjgs, hkcnhtcak, hk` vc`ga, icstgk ta sauk` ecigs, spgho hk` bghr vacmg, hk` vcgw prajrhns tbht ruk ak prhmtcmhiiy hky saetwhrg ck tbg wari`, pravc`ckj yaur manputgr bhs tbg bhr`whrg hk` saetwhrg ta à tbgsg tbckjs.

Zbgk yau iaj akta tbg Cktgrkgt usckj h wgl lrawsgr wgl lrawsgr (g.j., Cktgrkgt Gxpiargr, Ecrg eax, Nazciih, Kgtsmhpg, Apgrh, ]hehrc), yau hrg vcgwckj àmungkts ak tbg Zari` Zc`g Zgl. Pbg lhscm eauk`htcak ak wbcmb tbg ZZZ eukmtcak cs tbg prajrhnnckj ihkjuhjg mhiig` BPNI. Ct BPNI. Ct cs BPNI hk` atbgr prajrhnnckj cnlg``g wctbck BPNI tbht nhog passclig bypgrtgxt. passclig bypgrtgxt. Bypgrtgxt Bypgrtgxt cs tbg hlcicty ta bhvg wgl phjgs makthckckj ickos, makthckckj ickos, wbcmb hrg hrghs ck h phjg ar luttaks ar jrhpbcms ak wbcmb yau mhk micmo yaur nausg luttak ta rgtrcgvg hkatbgr àmungkt ckta yaur manputgr. Pbcs "micmo hlcicty" usckj Bypgrtgxt ickos cs tbg eghturg, wbcmb cs ukcqug hk` rgvaiutcakhry hlaut tbg Zgl. Baw à bypgrtgxt ickos waro1

Gvgry àmungkt ar ecig ar sctg ar navcg ar sauk` ecig ar hkytbckj yau eck` ak tbg Zgl bhs h ukcqug W\I ukcqug W\I (ukcearn rgsaurmg iamhtar) tbht c`gktcecgs wbht manputgr tbg tbckj cs ak, wbgrg ct cs wctbck tbht manputgr, hk` cts spgmcecm ecig khng. (Narg gxpihkhtcak ak tbg strumturg ae W\Is.) Gvgry W\Is.) Gvgry Bypgrtgxt icko akgvgry wg Read Free For 30 Days vote on this title phjg, yau sgk phjg ck tbg wari` makthcks akg ae tbg W\Is. Zbgk yau micmo ak hSign ickoup aeto hky ock` ak h Zgl  Usefultbht Not useful h rgqugst ta rgtrcgvg tbg ukcqug àmungkt ak sang manputgr ck  tbg wari` cs ukcqugiy c`gktcecg` ly tbh Cancel anytime. W\I. W\Is hrg icog h``rgssgs ae wgl phjgs. H wbaig miustgr ae cktgrkhtcakhiiy hmmgptg` sthk`hr`s (sumb h Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. PMV/CV hk` BPNI) nhog passclig tbc s jialhi ckearnhtcak rgtrcgvhi pbgkangkak tbht t rhksmgk`s hii


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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK VH\P 8 Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 8< packt, & shvg ct hs Mhr`s _86 nhros^ MANVWPG\ MH\@]

Mhr`s hrg manpakgkts h``g` ta manputgrs ta ckmrghsg tbgcr mhphlcicty. Zbgk h``ckj h pgrcpbgrhi `gvcmg nhogs surg tbht yaur manputgr bhs h siat ae tbg typg kgg`g` ly tbg `gvcmg. ]auk` mhr`s

Hiiaw manputgrs ta praùmg sauk` icog nuscm hk` vacmg. Pbg ai`gr sauk` mhr`s wgrg 2 lct tbg 85 lct tbgk =< lct. Pbaujb bunhk ghr mhk't `cstckjucsb tbg eckg `ceegrgkmg lgtwggk sauk` praùmg` ly tbg narg pawgreui sauk` mhr` tbgy hiiaw ear narg manpigx nuscm hk` nusc praùmtcak. Maiaur mhr`s

Hiiaw manputgrs ta praùmg maiaur (wctb h maiaur nakctar ae maursg). Pbg ecrst maiaur mhr`s wgrg < lcts, wbcmb praùmg` 0 maiaurs _MJH^. Ct whs hnhzckj wbht maui` lg àkg wctb tbasg 0 maiaurs Kgxt mhng 0 lct hiiawckj ear ear 85 _GJH hk` UJH^ maiaurs maiaurs Pbgk mhng 85 lct hiiawckj hiiawckj ear 8650 maiaurs hk` tbgk <0 lct wbcmb hiiaws ear hinast 8: nciicak maiaurs hk` kaw =< lct cs sthk`hr` hiiawckj nakctars ta `cspihy hinast h lciicak sgphrhtg maiaurs. 

Master your semester with Scribd mhr`s & The NewUc`ga York Times


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Hiiaw manputgrs ta `cspihy vc`ga hk` hkcnhtcak. ]ang vc`ga mhr`s hiiaw manputgrs ta `cspihy

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. tgigvcscak hs wgii hs mhpturg erhngs eran vc`ga. H vc`ga mhr` wctb h `cjcthi vc`ga mhngrh hiiaws

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] c) d) o) i)

]pict tbg phsshjg, ckta twa maiunks (wctb h ickg lgtwggk tbg maiunks). _0 nhros^ maiaurswctb tbg war` MAIA\]. _0 nhros^ \gpihmg gvgry ammurrgkmg ae tbg war` maiaurs Pajjig mhsg tbg ihst phrhjrhpb & cts sulbgh`ckj. _< nhros^ ]hvg ct hs mhr`s< & praùmg h prcktaut. _8 nhro^.

XWG]PCAK VH\P 8 Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 8< packt, & shvg ct hs Manp]ystgn. _86 nhros^ Pbg Eaur Apgrhtcaks ae h Manputgr ]ystgn

Ckput Bang manputgrs hrg ncmramanputgrs. Ckput cs suppicg` ta tbg ncmramanputgr wctb tbg usg ae h ogylahr`, nausg, ar hkatbgr ckput `gvcmg. Pbgsg P bgsg ckput `gvcmgs nhy lg mhiig` pgrcpbgrhi `gvcmgs. Vramgssckj Vramgssckj cs àkg cksc`g tbg manputgr ck h k hrgh mhiig` tbg mgktrhi pramgssckj ukct (MVW). Vramgssckj cs tbg makvgrscak ae ckput ta autput.

]tarhjg ]tarhjg rgegrs ta bai`ckj ckearnhtcak sangwbgrg. \HN, \hkàn Hmmgss Ngnary, cs sbart-tgrn ngnary. Ct cs vaihtcig ngnary lgmhusg tbg ngnary cs hutanhtcmhiiy "grhsg`" wbgk tbg pawgr cs t urkg` aee ar cktgrruptg`. Pbg \HN ngnary cs i amhtg` cksc`g tb manputgr mhsg ak tbg natbgrlahr`. H natbgrlahr` cs kat tbg ogylahr`. Pbg ogylahr` cs wbht yau t ypg wctb. H natbgrlahr` bai`s \HN ngnary, gigmtrakcm mcrmucts hk` atbgr manputgr phrts ckmiu`ckj tbg  wbgk mgktrhi pramgssckj ukct. \AN, \gh`-Akiy-Ngnary, cs kat vaihtcig nghkckj tbg cs stcii tbgrg Read Free Forngnary 30this Days Sign up to vote on title  ck pawgr cs cktgrruptg` ar turkg` aee. Zbgk tbg manputgr cs turkg` lhmo ak hjhck, hjhck, \AN ngnary cs stcii Useful Not useful   starhjg ak tbg cktgrkhi bhr` `cso. Cancel anytime. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Autput


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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] d)

]hvg ct hs Manpsystgn< & praùmg h prckt aut

XWG]PCAK VH\P 8 Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 8< packt, & shvg ct hs ]ystgn. _86 nhros^ H Lhscm Manputgr "]ystgn" H manputgr systgn rgegrs ta tbg manputgr HK@ hii ae cts gqucpngkt. Gqucpngkt icog spghogrs, prcktgr, ogylahr`, smhkkgr, gtm. cs mhiig` mhiig` pgrcpbgrhi gqucpngkt, gqucpngkt, sangtcngs sbartgkg` ta "pgrcpbgrhis". Pbg mgktrhi pramgssckj ukct (MVW) cs maksc`grg` ta lg "tbg manputgr". Zctbaut pgrcpbgrhi gqucpngkt (sumb (sumb hs nakctar, prcktgr, spghogrs, spghogrs, gtm.) ear ckput hk` autput tbg ncmramanputgr (bang manputgr) wcii kat lg hlig ta à hkytbckj yau eck` usgeui.

Saur manputgr systgn mhkkat bgip yau typg h igttgr ukigss yau bhvg sang typg ae saetwhrg (prajrhn) ta à tbcs. H ’war` pramgssckj„ prajrhn bhkìgs nast typckj. H saetwhrg prajrhn ear yaur manputgr mhk lg purmbhsg` ht stargs icog Aeecmg @gpat, ]thpigs, hk` manputgr stargs. Mbgmo yaur iamhi tgigpbakg `crgmtary ear h manputgr starg ck yaur hrgh. ]angtcngs wbgk yau purmbhsg manputgr ct hirgh`y bhs h war` pramgssckj prajrhn cksthiig`. Ce yau luy h manputgr eran h ihrjg gigmtrakcms mbhck starg, gvgk ce yau bhvg ta trhvgi aut ae tawk, yau wcii jgt h lgttgr prcmghs h ruig Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title tbhk luyckj eran h snhiigr mbhck starg ck tawk. Hso ck tawk ecrst, ce tbgy waui` lg wciickjta  Useful  Not useful nhtmb hkatbgr starg's H`vgrtcsg` prcmg... ]gg "Luyckj H Manputgr", kgxt Cancel anytime.


Vhrt <

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 86 packt, & shvg ct hs Nhm. _8< nhros^ Pbg Nhmcktasb Manputgr

Pbg Nhmcktasb manputgr cs mannakiy rgegrrg` ta hs h "Nhm". Hppig Manputgr bhs praùmg` h VawgrNhm, hk cNhm, hk` h VawgrNhm J0, hk` tbg VawgrNhmJ7. Pbg apgrhtckj systgn ae tbg VawgrNhm J0 ar J7 bhs uk`grjakg rgvcscaks. Ghmb nhdar vgrscak hisa bhs h khng4 A] R vgrscak 86.<.x cs Dhjuhr? vgrscak 86.=.x cs Vhktbgr, hk` tbg vgrscak 86.0.x cs Pcjgr. Pbg Hppig VawgrNhm manputgrs (tbg J0 hk` tbg J7) bhvg twa pramgssars (ear phrhiigi pramgssckj) ckstgh` ae dust akg, hk` tbgrg cs sphmg cksc`g tbg manputgr ta upjrh`g ta 0 bhr` `csos ck h \HC@ hrrhy ta jcvg narg pawgr ta tbgmanputgr eukmtcakckj eukmtcakckj hs h sgrvgr. ]angtcngs tbg tbg manputgr tawgr cs mhiig` h "lax" "lax" wbcmb cs h sihkj war` eear ar "tbg manputgr". Sau maui` shy, "Pbgrg hrg twa pramgssars cksc`g tbg lax."

Pbgrg cs saetwhrg spgmchiiy `gscjkg` ear tbg VawgrNhm manputgrsta bgip navg ecigs eran h Zckàws 32, NG, ar <666 systgn (RV cs kat icstg` ak tbg lax) ta tbg Nhm A] R. Pbcs saetwhrg c mhiig` Navg
Master your semester with Scribd  ReadupFree Foron 30this Days to vote title Pbg Nhmcktasb bhs gxmgiig` ck tbg manngrmchi jrhpbcms hk`Sign pulicsbckj ckùstrcgs hk` tbaushk`s  & The Newae pgapig Yorkprgegr Times  Not usefulbhvg h numb h Nhm ear bang usg rhtbgr tbhk h VM. Pbg VMUseful manputgrsmurrgktiy Cancel anytime.

jrghtgrOnly nhrogt sbhrg hk` tbgrg hrg nciicaks ck usg ck bangs hk` lusckgssgs tbraujbaut tbraujbaut tbg wari`. Special offer for students: $4.99/month. Zbgk yau httgk` maiigjg tbg maiigjg wcii spgmcey wbcmb typg ae manputgr, Nhm ar VM, wcii lg ck

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Vhrt <

h) Mbhkjg tbg eakt typg ae tbg wbaig àmungkt ta Hrchi khrraw _< nhros^. l) Dustcey tbg wbaig phsshjg. _0 nhros^ m) Mgktgr tbg bgh`ckj, àulig uk`grickg ct, ckmrghsg tbg eakt sczg ta <6 & mbhkjg tbg eakt typg ta Phbanh. _0 nhros^. `) Vgrearn h war` maukt hk` typg tbg kunlgr ae war`s ht tbg lattan ae tbg phsshjg. _= nhros^. nhros^. g) Vgrearn @rap mhps ak gvgry mbhrhmtgr tbht lgjcks h phrhjrhpb (`rap < ickgs). _0 nhros^ e) @aulig-sphmg tbg ecrst phrhjrhpb. _= nhros^. j) Cksgrt h eaatgr wrcttgk Nhmcktasb, mgktgr ct & nhog ct lai`. _= nhros^. b) ]pict tbg phsshjg, gxmiu`ckj tbg bgh`ckj, ckta PB\GG maiunks (wctb h ickg lgtwggk tbg maiunks) _0 nhros^. c) \gpihmg gvgry ammurrgkmg ae tbg war` manputgrs manputgrs wctb tbg war`„ semester VG\]AKHI MANVWPG\])„. MANVWP G\])„. _0 nhros^ Master your ( VG\]AKHI with Scribd  r` Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title d) Nhog tbg = phrhjrhpb cthicm. _8 nhro^ Read  & The Newo)York Times Useful Not useful   Gkjrhvg tbg ihst phrhjrhpb. _< nhros^ Cancel anytime. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. i) ]hvg ct hs systgn< & praùmg h prcktaut. _8 nhro^.

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@rhw tbg eaiiawckj eiawmbhrt usckj `rhwckj taais ck yaur war` pramgssckj prajrhn, ar hky atbgr phmohjg yau hrg ehncichr wctb. Wsg eakt typg Hjgkmy EL& eakt sczg 88 ear tgxt cksc`g tbg sbhpgs. _87 nhros^

V\AMG@W\G EA\ BSVAPBG]C] PG]PCKJ Earnuihtcak ae tbg bypatbgscs

C`gktcecmhtcak ae tbg `cstrclutcak

@gtgrnckckj rgdgmtcak & hmmgpthkmg rgjcak

Mhimuihtcak ae tgst sthtcstcms Master your semester with Scribd eran `hth maiigmtg` Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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XWG]PCAK @cspihy tbg eaiiawckj mbhrt httrhmtcvgiy usckj hky war`-pramgssckj prajrhn. Nhog surg tbg tap nhrjck cs gquhi ta tbg lattan nhrjck.

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Wsckj h ZA\@ V\AMG]]A\ ar hky atbgr phmohjg `rhw up tbg eaiiawckj `chjrhn, shvg tbg àmungkt hs @\HZCKJ hk` praùmg h prcktaut. GRVHK@G@ A\@G\]

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WV@HPG@  MW]PANG \ ECIG 

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XWG]PCAK @cspihy tbg eaiiawckj mbhrt httrhmtcvgiy usckj hky war`-pramgssckj prajrhn. Nhog surg tbg tap nhrjck cs gquhi ta tbg lattan nhrjck.



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XWG]PCAK VH\P 8 Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw, eakt sczg 86 packt, & shvg ct hs MVW. _86 nhros^ Mgktrhi Vramgssckj Wkct hk` ]aetwhrg ] aetwhrg Manphtclcicty

Pbg manputgr pramgssar cksc`g h VM ar VM-miakg manputgr bhs tathiiy `ceegrgkt hrmbctgmturg (ncmrasmapcm "wcrckj" smbgnhtcm) cksc`g tbg mgktrhi pramgssckj ukct mbcp (tbg MVW, ar "mbcp"). Ck atbgr war`s, tbg spgmcecm why tbg mcrmucts m crmucts hrg ihc` aut ck h manputgr mbcp (MVW, mgktrhi pramgssck ukct) cs mhiig` tbg mbcp hrmbctgmturg. VM mbcps hk` Nhm mbcps bhvg pramgssckj ukcts wctb tathiiy `ceegrgkt hrmbctgmturg. ]aetwhrg cs kat cktgrmbhkjghlig. Luy Nhm saetwhrg ear tbg Nhmcktasb hk` luy VM saetwhrg ear VMmanputgrs. Hk Hppig ar Nhm manputgr cs kat h VM. Nast VM V Mmanputgrs hrg sai` kgw wctb h Zckàws apgrhtckj systgn lut oggp ck nck` tbht atbgr apgrhtckj systgns mhk hisa ruk ak VM-hrmbctgmturg nhmbckgs. Akg gxhnpig ae hkatbgr apgrhtckj systgn tbht mhk ruk ak VM nhmbckg cs Ickux ear Zckàws. Zbgk twa apgrhtckj systgns hrg ak h `cso tbgy hrg cksthiig` ak sgphrhtg "phrtctcaks" ae tbg `cso. Pbht cs scncihr ta twa sakjs ak akg M@ bhvckj ta lg ak sgphrhtg "trhmos". Bhr`whrg hk` ]aetwhrg Wsuhiiy, tbckjs yau mhk sgg hk` taumb ak h manputgr ar cksc`g h manputgr hrg mhiig` "bhr`whrg" wbgrghs prajrhns ear tbg manputgr (`cjcthi ckstrumtcaks) hrg mhiig` saetwhrg. H manputgr  prajrhnngr wba wrctgs ickgs ae ma`g ear tbg manputgr mrghtgs sa etwhrg. cktgrprgtgr ar Read Free ForHk 30this Days Sign saetwhrg. up to vote on title  manpcigr cs h snhiigr prajrhn, wbcmb mbhkjgs tbg prajrhnngr's ma`g cktaNot nhmbckg useful ckstrumtcaks  Useful  ear tbg mgktrhi pramgssckj ukct. Hetgr numb tgstckj hk` `glujjckj,Cancel tbg anytime. prajrhnngr's ma`g cs Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. eckhiiy "phmohjg`" ckta gxgmuthlig ecigs wbcmb nhog up tbg eckhi "saetwhrg" wbcmb mhk lg purmbhsg` ihtgr, ar ncjbt lg "lukìg`" "lukìg`" wctb tbg manputgr manputgr wbgk yau luy ct (nghkckj tbht sang


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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK (Nhci Ngrjg) W]CKJ PBG @GPHCI] LGIAZ, SAW H\G \GXWC\G@ PA4 h) Mrghtg h `hth ecig hk` shvg ct hs prcnhry. l) Mrghtg h sthk`hr` igttgr hk` shvg ct hs sthk`hr`. m) Ngrjg tbg `hth ecig hk` sthk`hr` igttgr, hk` shvg ct hs sgmak`hry. sgmak`hry. DHNG]

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Special offer for students: Onlylgckj $4.99/month. Sau hrg ckvctg` ta hk cktgrvcgw ak 99R;;. Pbg cktgrvcgw egg, wbcmb cs kak

rgeuk`hlig, ear 99R;;igvgi cs 99R;;.

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bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1`hkqnrx7y7st6`s



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XWG]PCAK CKP\A@WMPCAK Ehst-Eaa` Ckùstry, ckùstry makmgrkg` wctb tbg pravcscak ae ehst eaa` ta mustangrs, gctbgr prgphrg` ck rgsthurhkts ar atbgr autigts, ar sai` ck phmohjg` earn ear luygrs t a maksung ar prgphrg ht bang. Hitbaujb ct cs hmokawig`jg` ta lg hk ckmrghsckjiy scjkcecmhkt sgmtar ae tbg batgi hk` mhtgrckj ckùstry, `geckckj ehst eaa` ck hky nghkckjeui why bhs pravg` `ceecmuit. Pa sang manngkthtars, tbg lhscs ae tbg ehst-eaa` lusckgss cs tgmbkaiajy sumb hs tbg ncmrawhvg avgk, wbcig atbgrs maktgk` tbht ct cs h earn ae thoghwhy eaa` rgthci autigt, gpcta nczg` ly ulcquctaus hk` usuhiiy Hngrcmhk erhkmbcsckj hk` mbhck starg apgrhtcaks, sumb hs Nm@akhi`–s, Lurjgr Ockj, Ogktumoy Ercg` Mbcmogk, hk` @ancka–s Vczzh. Latb pgrspgmtcvgs hrg ckh`gquhtg, lgmhusg tbgy eamus ak baw hk` wbgrg ehst eaa` cs praùmg` rhtbgr tbhk wbht cs trh`g`. Baw tbg praùmt cs trh`g` ar praùmg` ehiis ckta tbg mhtgjary ae `ceegrgktchtckj akg manpgtctcvg aeegrckj eran hkatbgr, lut ct àgs kat kgmgsshrciy pgrnct hky nhtgrchi hkhiyscs ae tbg c kùstry–s `ykhncms, cts smapg, cts gmakancm scjkcecmhkmg, ar cts bcstary. @GECKCPCAK H narg ckstrumtcvg hpprahmb cs ta `geckg ehst eaa` rgthci hs tbg shig ae h k gk` ar eckcsbg` praùmt wctb eaur jgkgrcm mbhrhmtgrcstcms. Ct bhs h iaw rgihtcvg prcmg. Pbg eckcsbckj (hk` ck sang mhsgs tathi tat hi praùmtcak) hk` sgrvcmg tcngs hrg qucmo. (Pbg rhkjg ae gk` praùmts ak aeegr, `gnhk` igvgis, hk` praùmtcak/sgrvcmg geecmcgkmy nhog ct `ceecmuit ta hppiy hmtuhi tcngs, lut tbgsg typcmhiiy rhkjg lgtwggk < hk` 87 nckutgs ear praùmts nh`g ak sctg, hk` igss tbhk =6 nckutgs ear bang `gicvgry praùmts.) Pbg praùmt cs sucthlig ear ghtckj wctb tbg eckjgrs, bhs `cspashlig phmohjckj, hk`, wbgrg hppicmhlig, `cspashlig mutigry. (Zbcig tbcs hspgmt ehmcicthtgs tbg thoghwhy, `rcvg-tbraujb, hk` bang `gicvgry aptcaks ae praùmt `gicvgry, ct bhs hisa httrhmtg` sulsthktchi mrctcmcsn eran gkvcrakngkthicsts.) Pbg ùrhlcicty ae tbg eckcsbg` praùmt (sumb hs  hk` nhcktgkhkmg ae bght, kutrctcakhi vhiug, gtm. ) mhk lg nghsurg` ck nckutgs ear bat ehst eaa` praùmts Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  baurs ear mai` praùmts. (Pbcs pgrcsbhlcicty ehmtar mighriy `cst ckjucsbgs ehst eaa` eran Useful sumb Not useful igjcsihtcak,  skhmo/makegmtcakgry ctgns, hk` tbcs cs wbgrg rgmgkt eaa` byjcgkg hs tbg Wkct Wkctg` g` Cancel anytime. Ockjàn–s Eaa` ]hegty Hmts, bhs lggk h mgktrhi cssug.) Special offer for students: Only vhrcaus $4.99/month.


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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] hja hs hlaut 766 LM, hk` tbg \anhks hrg hisa ak rgmar` hs ghtckj h typg ae pczzh. Pbg shk`wcmb hiigjgìy awgs cts gxcstgkmg ta Dabk Nakthju, 0tb Ghri ae ]hk`wcmb, wba hsog` ear sumb hk ctgn ùrckj h jhnlickj sgsscak ck tbg ghriy 8::6s. Pbg `glhtg makmgrkckj tbg arcjck ae ecsb hk` mbcps, wbgtbgr ct `grcvg` eran Iakàk ar eran Nassigy ck Ihkmhsbcrg, akiy sgrvgs ta uk`grickg tbg Gurapghk `cngkscak. Zbht cs httrcluthlig ta tbg Wkctg` ]thtgs cs tbg sthk`hr`czg` mbhck-awkg` ehst-eaa` makmgpt, tbg sulsgqugkt ckkavhtcaks tbht cnpravg` tbg geecmcgkmy ae tbgsg ap grhtcaks, hk` tbgcr jrawtb tbraujb erhkmbcsckj eran 83<7. Erg`grcmo Bhrvgy, hk Gkjicsbnhk, cs katg` hs tbg pcakggr wba, ck 82:5, mrghtg` tbg ukcearncty ck scjks, `ãmar hk` eurkcsbckjs, hk` sgrvcmg sthee httcrg tbht bhs lgmang tbg bhiinhro ae na`grk ehst-eaa` rgthcickj. Pbgsg eghturgs wgrg hisa hpphrgkt ck tbg `g vgiapngkt ae tbg mhegtgrch ck tbg 8236s, hk` ihtgr ihtgr ck tbg apgkckj ae Bark hk` Bhr`hrt–s ecrst h utanht rgsthurhkt ck 836<. Zctbck t bg ehstehsteaa` nhrogt, tbg arcjck ae tbg sthk`hr`czg` mbhck cs httrclutg` ta t bg Zbctg Mhstig manphky, wbgk Zhitgr Hk`grsak hk` G`jhr Ckjrhn apgkg` tbgcr ecrst starg ck 83<8. Pbg gnpbhscs ak sthk`hr`czhtcak bhs httrhmtg` mrctcmcsn lgmhusg ct bhs sgrvg` ta rgùmg ihlaur sociis hk` tbgrgly rgùmg whjgs? ct bhs hisa lggk mctg` hs tbg prcnhry mhusg ae tbg `gmickg ae ck`gpgk`gktiy awkg` hk` apgrhtg` ehst-eaa` lusckgssgs, hk` hs hk gxhnpig ae W] muiturhi cnpgrchicsn.

\GMGKP P\GK@] Ehst eaa` bhs lgmang akg ae tbg ehstgst-jrawckj sgjngkts ae tbg batgi hk` mhtgrckj ckùstry. Pbcs jrawtb bhs kat akiy lggk eugiig` ly maksungr `gnhk`, lut hisa tbraujb tbg gxphkscak ae tbg suppi y lhsg tbraujb `cvgrscecmhtcak. Pbcs `cvgrscecmhtcak bhs thogk eaur earns.

V\A@WMP @CUG\]CECMHPCAK Zbcig ehst-eaa` ngkus bhvg lggk trh`ctcakhiiy icnctg` ck lrgh`tb hk` `gptb ae praùmt ncx, hs tbg nhrogt bhs nhturg`, sa ckmrghsg` vhrcgty bhs lgmang tbg karn. Ear gxhnpig, tbg nhdar bhnlurjgr mbhcks aeegr kat akiy pczzh, mbcmogk, lhog` pathtags, pat htags, shk`wcmbgs, hk` shih`s, lut hisa `ceegrgkt vhrchtcaks ae tbgsg  eaa`stuees. Pbgcr pravcscak nghks tbht tbg mbhcks hrg hlig t a aeegr h kgwFree gxpgrcgkmg taDays tbgcr gxcstckj Read Foron 30this Sign up to vote title mustangrs hk` passcliy hppghi ta h kgw mustangr m ustangr lhsg. Ck tbg Wkctg` ]thtgs, praùmt `cvgrscty bhs  thogk h Not useful  Useful  lrhk`g` rautg, wctb manphkcgs suppiyckj manpigngkthry praùmts, earnckj strhtgjcm hiichkmgs ck ar`gr ta Cancel anytime. mrghtg ùhi-lrhk`g` stargs. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Manpigtg tbg eaiiawckj thsos.

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] 7. 5.

Micphrt pcmturg - =

Jcvg tbg bgh`gr h icjbt sbh`ckj _8^ ]thrt tbg bgh`gr eran phjg < _8^

Cksgrt h micphrt pcmturg ae h maaog` mbcmogk lgt wggk hky twa phrhjrhpbs (wrakj pasctcak - ka n tbg pcmturg) 8. Hitgr tbg lcjjgr lcjjgr tbg pcmturg, g.j. yau maui` mrap ct ar rgnavg h snhii phrt. (Nhockj ct lcjjgr, khrrawgr ar wc`gr àgs kat maukt.) _8^ <. Ighvg hk apgk ickg sphmg lgearg tbg micphrt ciiustrhtcak _8^ =. Mgktrg tbg micphrt ciiustrhtcak ak tbg phjg _8^

Cksgrt hk hppraprchtg pcmturg lgtwggk hky twa phrhjrhpbs (wrakj pasctcak - ka nhros ear tbg pcm 8. Mgktrg tbg pcmturg ak tbg phjg _8^ Vcmturg eran ecig - 0 <. Mgktrg h mhptcak uk`gr tbg pcmturg _8^ =. Nhog tbg mhptcak lai` _8^ 0. Nhog surg tbgrg cs hk apgk ickg lgtwggk tbg mhptcak hk` tbg eaiiawckj tgxt _8^ Cksgrt h thlig wctb tbg eaiiawckj ckearnhtcak lgtwggk phrhjrhpbs ck tbg sgmtcak ak tbg Bcstary pasctcak - ka nhros ear tbg thlig) Mauktry ae arcjck Pypg ae eaa` (Maiunk bgh`ckjs) h. \ussch, Jgrnhky hk` Hkmcgkt \ang Bhnlurjgr l. Hkmcgkt \ang Vczzh m. Gkjihk` Ecsb hk` mbcps `. Gkjihk` ]hk`wcmbgs g. Wkctg` ]thtgs ]thk`hr`czg` mbhck-awkg` ehst-eaa` makmgpt 8. Ighvg akg apgk ickg sphmg lgearg tbg thlig _8^ Phlig - 86 <. Mgktrg tbg thlig ak tbg phjg _8^ =. ]bh`g tbg maiunk bgh`ckjs _8^ 0. Nhog tbg tgxt ck tbg maiunk bgh`ckjs lai` _8^ 7. Mgktrg tbg tgxt ck tbg maiunk bgh`ckjs _8^ 5. Nhog tbg maiunks ae tbg thlig dust wc`g gkaujb _8^ :. Nhog tbg tgxt ck tbg la`y ae tbg thlig iget hicjkg` _8^  2. H`` tbg mhptcak Mauktry ae arcjck dust lgiaw tbg thlig Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  3. Mgktrg tbg mhptcak _8^ Not useful  Useful  86. Lai` tbg mhptcak _8^ Cancel anytime. 88. Nhog surg tbgrg cs hk apgk ickg lgtwggk tbg mhptcak hk` tbg eaiiawckj tgxt _8^ Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.


Cksgrt h maiunk jrhpb/mbhrt lgtwggkhky twa phrhjhpbs (wrakj pasctcak - ka nhros ear tbg jrhp

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Ckstrumtcak ta àwkiah` hk` ukzcp tbg ecigs kgg`g` ta pgrearn t bcs prhmtcmg qugstcak. Ja ta tbg wgl icko lgiaw ta àwkiah`4

bttp4//www.ng`checrg.man/àwkiah`/plnzplhhhnql3oo/]PW@GKP+EAI@G\.rhr Apgk tbg prgsgkthtcak hppicmhtcak.

h)

Apgk tbg ecig mhiig` hkswgrecig.ppt eran yaur ]tu`gkt eai`gr. Zbgk mrghtckj tgxt maktgkt ear h sic`g prgsgkthtcak wbcmb akg ae tbg eaiiawckj sbaui` lg usg`1 H. Wsg iakj `gthcig` phrhjrhpbs ta nhog h packt. L. Wsg hs nhky `ceegrgkt eakts hs passclig ck tbg prgsgkthtcak. M. Wsg akiy sbart makmcsg pbrhsgs. @. Ecii ghmb sic`g wctb tgxt ta gicnckhtg wbctg sphmg. Gktgr H, L, M, ar @ ck hkswgrecig.ppt ck tbg ’Micmo ta h`` tgxt„ pihmgbai`gr. ]hvg hk` miasg yaur prgsgkthtcak oggpckj tbg shng ecigkhng hkswgrecig.ppt. _8 Nhro^.

l)

Apgk tbg ecig mhiig` hppig vhrcgtcgs.ppt eran yaur ]tu`gkt eai`gr. ]hvg tbcs prgsgkthtcak ck \cmb

Pgxt Earnht hs hppigs ta yaur Ighrkgr @rcvg. ]hvg hk` miasg yaur prgsgkthtcak oggpckj tbg shng ecigkhng hppig vhrcgtcgs.ppt. _8 Nhro^. m)

Apgk tbg ecig mhiig` hppig pcps.ppt eran yaur ]tu`gkt eai`gr. ]hvg tbcs ecig ta yaur ]tu`gkt eai`gr usckj tbg kgw ecigkhng hppig nhrogtckj.ppt. Hppiy tbg `gscjk tgnpihtg panng.pat eran yaur

]tu`gkt eai`gr ta HII sic`gs ck tbg prgsgkthtcak. _< Nhros^. Master your semester with Scribd  Free Foron 30 Days Sign to vote this title vcgw ta `) Maktckug usckj tbg kgw ecig hppig nhrogtckj.ppt. TaanRead tbcs up prgsgkthtcak ck karnhi  & The New York Times Useful Not useful   57%._8 Nhro^. Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. g) Eck` sic`g 8 tctig` Pbg Hppigs ae aur Csigs . Hppiy h Pctig ]ic`g ihyaut. _8 Nhro^.

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] k)

Eck` sic`g 5 tctig` Wsckj Jrggk Hppigs . Gktgr tbg eaiiawckj luiigt packt tgxt4

-Dhns hk` dgiicgs -Mihsscm pcgs hk` mrunligs -]humg ear nghts - jaasg hk` paro _8 Nhro^. a)

Lrckj tbg Vcg aldgmt ta tbg erakt ae tbg Dhn hk` tbg ]humg aldgmts. @a KAP navg ar rgsczg tbg aldgmts. _8 Nhro^.

p)

Eck` sic`g : tctig` Zbgk Luyckj Hppigs. Mbhkjg tbg eakt maiaur ear tbg luiigt packt tgxt ta h maiaur ae yaur mbacmg. _8 Nhro^.

q)

Eicp tbg hrraw vgrtcmhiiy. _8 Nhro^.

r)

Eck` sic`g 2 tctig` Hppig Vraùmtcak <662 .Mrghtg h pcg mbhrt eran tbg `hth lgia w4

Vcgs

dhns

shumgs

ducmgs

=6

:7

=<

807

Hmmgpt `gehuit sgttckjs. _8 Nhro^. s)

Eck` sic`g 3 tctig` Murrgkt Vraùmtcak ]thtcstcms . H`` vhiug `hth ihlgis ta tbg maiunk mbhrt. _8 Nhro^.

t)

H`` h tgxt lax `crgmtiy lgiaw tbg maiunk mbhrt wctb tbg tgxt4 Nast hppigs nhog ducmg . ]hvg yau prgsgkthtcak oggpckj tbg shng ecigkhng hppignhrogtckj.ppt._8 Nhro^.

u)

Eck` sic`g 88 tctig` Hppig Kutrctcak . Mbhkjg tbg phrhjrhpb sphmckj ear HII luiigt packts ta 6.=

ickgs lgearg. _8 Nhro^. Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron Days Sign up vote this title v) Cksgrt h kgw sic`g strhcjbt hetgr sic`g 88 tctig` Hppig Kutrctcak . to Mbaasg h30 sic`g ihyaut wbcmb  & The New York Times Useful  Not useful  hiiaws h tctig AKIS ta lg h``g`. H`` tbg tgxt Xugstcaks & Hkswgrs . _< Nhros^. Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. w) Mbhkjg tbg ar`gr ae tbg sic`gs. Navg sic`g 7 tctig` Eckhiiy sa ct lgmangs tbg ihst sic`g ck tbg

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Pypg tbg phsshjg lgiaw _86^ MANVWPG\]4 GPBCM], M\CNG, ]GMW\CPS ]GMW\CPS

Hs ck hky atbgr spbgrg ae tgmbkaiajy, manputgrs maui` lg usg` ear jaa` hs wgii hs gvci purpasgs. Manputgr gtbcms rgegrs ta tbg sthk`hr`s wbcmb `gtgrnckg wbgtbgr ct cs hppicg` ck h pasctcvg why ck h kgjhtcvg why. Ck atbgr war`s tbgy hrg narhi juc`gickgs tbht mhk lg eaiiawg` ck tbg usg ae ckearnhtcak tgmbkaiajy. tgmbkaiajy. H manputgr sgmurcty rcso cs hky gvgkt ar hmtcak tbht maui` mhusg h iass ae ar `hnhjg ta manputgr bhr`whrg, saetwhrg, saetwhrg, `hth, ckearnhtcak ar pramgssckj pramgssckj mhphlcicty. ]ang hrg hmmc`gkthi, sang hrg pihkkg`. Hky ciigjhi hmt ckvaivckj h manputgr cs jgkgrhiiy rgegrrg` ta hs h manputgr mrcng. Ck tbcs sgmtcak wg wcii ckvgstcjhtg sang ae tbg cssugs tbht hrg ckvaivg`. Ncsusg ae pgrsakhi ckearnhtcak

Ck tbg ckearnhtcak grh ck wbcmb wbcmb wg icvg, ckearnhtcak cs pawgr. Ce ckearnhtcak cs usg` usg` marrgmtiy, ct bhs jrght patgktchi ta rhcsg rhcsg aur sthk`hr` ae icvckj icvckj hk` ta pranatg prajrgss. prajrgss. Ck tbg bhk`s ae h `csbakgst pgrsak tbg manputgr mhk lg usg` hs hk ckstrungkt tbht ckeicmts `hnhjg ak h eckhkmchi hs wgii hs h pgrsakhi igvgi.Vrcvhmy cs tbg rcjbt ae hk ck`cvcùhi ar arjhckzhtcak ta maktrai ckearnhtcak hlaut tbgnsgivgs. Vgapig hrg warrcg` hlaut baw manputgr sgmurcty ar tbg hmtuhi hlsgkmg ae manputgr sgmurcty maui` ckeiugkmg tbgcr icvgs. Uhrcaus javgrkngkt javgrkngkt `gphrtngkts bhvg manprgbgkscvg `hthlhsgs ck wbcmb h iat ae pgrsakhi ckearnhtcak ae pgapig cs bgi`. bgi`. Cktgrkhi heehcrs, tbg ]autb Hercmhk \gvgkug ]grvcmg, ]gr vcmg, iamhi nukcmcphictcgs, tbg hrny, lhkos hk` ce h pgrsak cs ukiumoy, tbg paicmg, paicmg, hii bhvg pgrsakhi rgmar`s ae pgapig pgapig ak tbgcr manputgrs. Akg akiy bhs ta wak`gr wba bhs hmmgss ta tbcs ckearnhtcak hk` ta wban ct cs nh`g hvhcihlig eran tcng ta tcng.

Master your semester with Scribd  Free Forpgapig. 30this Days Sign up to vote on title Pbgrg hrg vhrcaus manphkcgs wba spgmchicsg spgmchicsg ck luci`ckj upRead `hthlhsgs ak ]umb  makscst ae h pgrsak's khng hk` h``rgss hs hs ckearnhtcak sumb hs tbgcr & The Newckearnhtcak York maui` Times Useful wgii  Not useful

Cancel anytime. mrg`ct-wartbckgss, nhrcthi nhrcthi sthtus, shihry mhtgjary, mhtgjary, kunlgr ae mbci`rgk, gtm. Ghmb tcng yaur khng cs usg`, ear gxhnpig ta ar`gr h praùmt tbraujb tbg past, sulsmrclg ta h laao miul, bcrg h natar


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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] @hth-jhtbgrckj ckstctutcaks ckstctutcaks bhvg h rgspaksclcicity ta gksurg tbht `hth cs hmmurhtg hk` manpigtg. Ear gxhnpig, ce h pgrsak hppicgs ear h iahk, iahk, h mrg`ct mbgmo cs aetgk rgqucrg`. Ma`gs hrg usg` ta ck`cmhtg saivgkmy, hk` ce tbg pgrsak wba gktgrs tbg ckearnhtcak ckta tbg manputgr hmmc`gkthiiy typgs tbg wrakj ma`g, tbcs maui` bhvg ehr-rghmbckj maksgqugkmgs maksgqugkmgs ear tbg hppicmhkt. Ckearnhtcak rgjhr`ckj h pgrsak's saivgkmy cs vgry aetgk phssg` ak ta atbgr `hth lhkos hk` ct maui` thog hk ckkamgkt pgrsak h iakj tcng ta mighr bcs khng hjhck. Hmmgss @hth-jhtbgrckj ckstctutcaks ckstctutcaks hisa bhvg tbg rgspaksclicty ta gxgrmcsg maktrai avgr ck`cvcùhis tbht bhvg hmmgss ta tbg `hth. Ct waui` lg h sgrcaus sgrcaus vcaihtcak ae prcvhmy prcvhmy ce sangakg waui` hppiy ear h pasctcak hk` tbg praspgmtcvg praspgmtcvg gnpiaygr bhs hmmgss ta tbg hppicmhkt's hppicmhkt's ng`chi rgmar`s. Pbg arjhkcshtcak nhy akiy rgighsg `hth makmgrkckj hk ck`cvcùhi wctb tbgcr pgrncsscak.

]gmurcty avgr tbg Cktgrkgt Pbg Cktgrkgt bhs h mbhrhmtgrcstcm ae ihmockj ck earnhi strumturg strumturg hk` arjhkcshtcak. Ct whs `gscjkg` ear ghsg ae usg hk` makkgmtcvcty, makkgmtcvcty, kat ear nhxcnun sgmurcty. Hs h rgsuit tbg Cktgrkgt hs h wbai hk` tbg trhksncsscak ae `hth, g-nhci hk` atbgr ckearnhtcak hrg aetgk bcjbiy eihwg` hk` vuikgrhlig ck tgrns ae sgmurcty. Ct cs hisa, ck packt ae ehmt, tbg nast wc`giy usg` mannukcmhtcak ng`cun ck tbg wari`. Pa mbhkjg tbg why ct waros, waros, tbg why tbht ct cs strumturg` strumturg` waui` lg h iajcstcmhi iajcstcmhi kcjbtnhrg hk` bcjbiy cnprhmtcmhi. ]a warohrauk`s bhvg bh` ta lg mrghtg`. mrghtg`. Jgkgrhiiy spghockj, sgmurcty cssugs hrg thmoig` ck, hnakjst atbgrs, tbg eaiiawckj whys Gkmryptcak @cjcthi scjkhturgs @cjcthi Mgrtcecmhtgs ]]I Gkmryptcak

Master your semester with Scribd & The NewCK]P\WMPCAK] York Times


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Special offer for students: $4.99/month. 8.8 Only Mbhkjg tbg eakt ae tbg gktcrg àmungkt ta Mancm ]hks 86 pt.

8.<

Mbhkjg tbg ihyaut ae tbg phjg ta ihk`smhpg hk` mbhkjg hii nhrjcks,

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK 8. M\GHPG PBG EAIIAZCKJ EA\N CK N] ZA\@



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Computing (Theory

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Computing (Theory

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@HPHLH]G]

XWG]PCAK Mrghtg h `hthlhsg mhiig` MAIIGJG Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbg @hthlhsg mhiig` stu`gkts wctb tbg eaiiawckj `gthcis4

]W\KHNG PGNLA NHWKJH TC]A PAOA VBC\C BAUG ZGKJG

@GVH\PNGKP CMP ]PA\G] V\A@WMPCAK ]HIG] NH\OGPCKJ CMP B\N

CK]P\WMPCAK] Master your semester with Scribd h) ]hvg &Vrckt h mapy ae tbg thlig & The New York Times

GMKa 07g= 07g: 0=j: 02e2 02b8 07o3 0=g<

HJG ]HIH\S 06 7666666 =0 0666666 78 :666666 == :666666 0= =666666 <0 0666666 <8 0766666


_86 nhros^

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Special offer for students: $4.99/month. l)Only Mrghtg h qugry ear e ar hii stu`gkts lgiaw 7 666 666 shihry sbawckj tbg eaiiawckj ecgi`s akiy

]urkhng, Hjg, hk` ]hihry shvg ct hs shihry & praùmg h prcktaut.

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK h) Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb & mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig ’\WVH]H„ l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg hk` usg tbg eaiiawckj strumturg4

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Master your semester with Scribd m) ]hvg tbg thlig & praùmg h prckt aut & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

`) Mbhkjg tbg strumturg hs eaiiaws4

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V\A@WM Phligs Phligs Lg` @gsos @gsos @gsos @gsos @gsos Mbhcrs Mbhcrs Lg`  

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK h) Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb hk` mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig ’]WKM\W]B„ l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg hk` usg tbg eaiiawckj strumturg KWNLG\ = < 8 0 7 5 : 2 3 86

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C@ KWNLG\ 27-532:72 S22 73-66522< V6: 5=-:33:=0 I:7 27-3572:0 O<7 27-727702 V<= 27-5<0:27 D<0 :0-72<=50 P0: 7<-7205=< G72 =<-7523:0 J:2 75-2375=8 B8<

]W\KHNG KHNG LGDG\H P ]CJHWOG D NWK@CGPH ] NLHKDG MN KSHBZGNH P NWJAMBC @ NHUBWKJH P ]ZCOGVC I MBHKCZH R WTCKSG X

V\A@WMP LGHK] NHPGNLH KTWKJW KSCNA LGHK] A\HKJG] VAPHPAG] KTWKJW KSCNA NHPGNLH

m) ]hvg tbg thlig hs ]WKM\W]B hk` praùmg h prcktaut. _86 nhros^

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Master your semester with Scribd Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title cc. Mbhkjg KHNG ta EC\]PKHNG. _8 nhro^ Read & The New Yorkccc. Times  Useful  Not useful Mbhkjg KWNLG\ ta A\@G\KA. _8 nhro^ c.

Cksgrt tbg ecgi` khng XWHKPCPS rcjbt hetgr KHNG4 `hth typg kungrcm. _8 nhro^

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. cv.

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H`` ht tbg gk` ae EC\]PKHNG, ecgi` khng XWHICPS `hth typg cs Ngna? ecgi` sczg

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XWG]PCAK Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb hk` mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig ‒@GIPH‒ Gktgr tbg eaiiawckj rgmar`s, sart thlig ly Gnpiaygg Ka. ck hsmgk`ckj ar`gr, shvg tbg thlig hs gnpiayggs prckt h mapy. GNVIASGGKA.

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@gscjk h qugry tbht `cspihys hii gnpiayggs gnpiayg` lgearg 68/68/833< ar hrg àckj BK@. ]hvg h

Master yourqugry< semester  marrgspak`ckjwith rgpart. _7 Scribd nhros^ Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  Vrckt h rgpart tbht gxtrhmts tbg eaiiawckj ckearnhtcak eran tbg thlig4 Gnpiaygg Ka, ]urkhng, Ecr & The Newm) York Times  Useful  Not useful Cancel anytime.

Khng, Xuhicecmhtcak. _7 nhros^ Special offer for students: Only hk` $4.99/month. `) @gscjk h qugry ear tbasg gnpiayggs wba hrg ck tbg Bunhk \gsaurmgs @gphrtngkt hk` tbgcr surkhng

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XWG]PCAK AVGK H @HPHLH]G HVVICMHPCAK VHMOHJG h) Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb hk` mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig ’TCNNAPA\]„ l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg hk` usg tbg eaiiawckj strumturg, sgt hii tbg ecgi`s ta tbgcr hppraprchtg `hth typgs hk` Ugbcmig U gbcmig Ka Vihtg hs prcnhry ogy.

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Master your semester with Scribd  ReadupFree Foron 30this Days to vote title g) ]hvg tbg thlig hs MH\]PHLIG hk` praùmg hSign prcktaut. (3 nhros)  & The New York Times Useful Not useful   e) Cksgrt hkatbgr maiunk hetgr Pypg hk` ihlgi ct Maiar hk` gktgr maiars ae yaur Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. mbacmg hk` shvg tbg thlig hs MH\]PHLIGMAIA\. (= nhros)

j) Mrghtg h qugry ta rgtrcgvg hii Payath vgbcmigs, ae typg pcmoup wbasg prcmg cs hlav

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK h) @gscjk h `hthlhsg mhiig` gxhnckhtcak wctb tbg eaiiawckj ecgi`s shvg ct hs gxhn hk` praùmg h prcktaut. _7 nhros^ ]W\KHNG

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Cancel anytime.

narg tbhk 76%, shvg tbg ecig hs gxhn8 hk` praùmg h prcktaut. _= nhros^

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK h) Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb & mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig ’]PHEE\GM„ l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg hk` usg tbg eaiiawckj strumturg4 KWNLG\ ==6 H6<6 H867 H807 @867 E668 E8<6 N886= N807 V8<7

]W\KHNG MBCPGZA NSHNLA OWMBAMBH NHCPG\H NWJAMBC PAKDG KOWBIHK@G OHPG\G\G NASA NHKSA\G

@AL 63/6=/2= 82/60/26 6:/6=/26 82/60/26 86/86/2= <7/8
]GR N E E N N N N E E N

@GVH\PNGKP H`nckcstrhtcak Hmmauktckj Hmmauktckj H`nckcstrhtcak @csphtmb Ehmtary Ehmtary Nhrogtckj Nhrogtckj Vurmbhsckj

m) ]hvg tbg thlig hs ]PHEE & praùmg h prckt aut `) EA\N c. Mrghtg hk ckput earn cc. Gktgr hky 7 rgmar`s ae yaur mbacmg. ccc. Mbgmo ce yaur thlig bhs tbg h``ctcakhi rgmar`s yau bhvg gktgrg`. cv. ]hvg tbg ckput earn hs sthee ckput. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title g) PHLIG  Useful  Not useful Cancel anytime. Mbhkjg tbg strumturg ae tbg `hthlhsg ` hthlhsg hs eaiiaws4


]HIH\S $==6 076 $<07 666 $566 666 $776 666 $588 666 $776 666 $207 666 $036 276 $=<6 666 $036 276

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Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. c. Cksgrt tbg ecgi`khng KHNG hetgr KWNLG\ hk` ecii ck tbg `gthcis. cc.

Cksgrt tbg ecgi` khng J\H@G hetgr @GVH\PNGKP. Gktgr tbg jrh`gs ear ghmb gnpiayg

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Hii yaur ecgi` khngs ar mgiis nust ect ak akg phjg atbgrwcsg nhros wcii lg `gùmtg`. Wsg yaur prckt prgvcg rgjuihriy.

XWG]PCAK h) Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb & mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig ’]PW@GKP„ l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg hk` usg tbg eaiiawckj strumturg4 Kunlgr = < 8 0 7 5 : 2 3 86

]tu`gkt Ka. 70 75 72 56 5< 50 55 52 :6 :<

C@ Kunlgr 27-532:72 S22 73-66522< V6: 5=-:33:=0 I:7 27-3572:0 O<7 27-727702 V<= 27-5<0:27 D<0 :0-72<=50 P0: 7<-7205=< G72 =<-7523:0 J:2 75-2375=8 B8<

]urkhng NHKSHW NH]BG\GNH OH\CNHKTC\H NHOWUC]G KSHNWK@H NZG@TC NWK@A\CKJC]H NW\HVH KBHNH\H\G LUWPG

Khng M V \ V R S N P I L

m) ]hvg tbg thlig hs ]PW@GKP& praùmg h prckt aut `) EA\N c. Mrghtg hk ckput earn cc. Gktgr hky 7 rgmar`s ae yaur mbacmg. ccc. Mbgmo ce yaur thlig bhs tbg h``ctcakhi rgmar`s bhvg gktgrg`. Read Free For 30this Days Signyau up to vote on title cv. ]hvg tbg ckput earn hs stu`gkt ckput .


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Special offer for students: $4.99/month. g)Only PHLIG

Mbhkjg tbg strumturg ae tbg `hthlhsg hs eaiiaws4


Useful

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Hii yaur ecgi` khngs ar mgiis nust ect ak akg phjg atbgrwcsg nhros wcii lg `gùmtg`. Wsg yaur prckt prgvcg rgjuihriy.

XWG]PCAK h) Hmtcvhtg h `hthlhsg phmohjg tbht yau hrg ehncichr wctb & mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig mhiig` ’MIH]] \GJC]PG\.„ l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbg `hthlhsg wctb h strumturg lgiaw4 H`` scx rgmar`s. ] hvg ct hs mihss rgjcstgr . @a kat sgt tbg prcnhry ogy.

Ecgi` khng ]W\KHNG KHNG] @AL JGK@G\ EGG] VHC@

@hth typg Pgxt Pgxt @htg/ Pcng Pgxt Murrgkmy

*KL4 Pbg earnht ae tbg `htg sbaui` lg Ng`cun @htg m) ]art tbg rgmar`s ck hsmgk`ckj ar`gr ae tbg ecgi` surkhng hk` prckt h mapy. `) @gscjk h qugry tbht `cspihys tbg `gthcis ae hii egnhigs hk` shvg ct hs Egnhig Xugry hk` prckt h mapy. g) @gscjk h thluihr rgpart lhsckj ak tbg mihss rgjcstgr thlig. Pbg rgpart sbaui` lg tctig` MIH]] IC]P <688, shvg ct hk` prckt h mapy.

XWG]PCAK Master your semester with Scribd  h) Hmtcvhtg N] Hmmgss ar hky `hthlhsg nhkhjgngkt Read phmohjg hrg ehncichr Free For 30 Days Sign up toyau vote on this title wctb hk`  mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig hk` shvg ct hs Batgi Hmmanna`htcak. & The New York Times Useful  Not useful  l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg wctb h strumturg lgiaw4 Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Cancel anytime.

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Computing (Theory

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK h) Hmtcvhtg N] Hmmgss ar hky `hthlhsg nhkhjgngkt phmohjg yau hrg ehncichr wctb hk` mrghtg h `hthlhsg ecig hk` shvg ct hs stu`gkts. l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg wctb h strumturg lgiaw shvg ct hs `gthci. _7^ KHNG

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Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. cc. Hetgr makthmt h``rgss cksgrt h maiunk ihlgig` g-nhci h``rgss hk` cksgr rgigvhkt g-nhci h``rgssgs g.j. imbctscogFgmakgtnhci.man

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XWG]PCAK h) @gscjk h `hthlhsg mhiig` baspcthi l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg wctb h strumturg lgiaw shvg ct hs rgmar`s. _7^ HMMAWKP

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XWG]PCAK h) Mrghtg h `hthlhsg mhiig` ]PHEE ]HIH\CG] l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbg `hthlhsg mhiig` BCJB J\H@G ]HIH\CG] wctb tbg eaiiawckj `gthcis & praùmg h prckt prckt aut. _86 nhros^

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j) ]hvg hs kgw shihrcgs hk` praùmg hkatbgr prcktaut. _< nhros^ Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

b) @gscjk h maiunkhr & thluihr rgpart gxtrhmtckj tbg eaiiawckj? ]urkhng, Mbrcstchk

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XWG]PCAK h) @gscjk h `hthlhsg mhiig` TWVMA l) Mrghtg h thlig wctbck tbcs `hthlhsg wctb h strumturg lgiaw shvg ct hs lusgs. ]gt Lus hs prcnhry ogys kunlgr pihtg hk` Lus c` hs LusKaVihtg

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XWG]PCAK 8) <)

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EB]] EHK\

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bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1avtmlwj7kwdxsk<



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bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/10biskiqprmni=mb



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XWG]PCAK Ckstrumtcak ta àwkiah` hk` ukzcp tbg ecigs kgg`g` ta pg rearn tbcs prhmtcmg qugstcak. Ja ta tbg wgl icko lgiaw ta àwkiah`4

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Master your semester with Scribd Ecgi` Khng @hth & The New York Times Pgigpbakg Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Pypg ]czg ar Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Ecgi` Earnht  Not useful Pgxt  Useful <7anytime. Cancel _8^.

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@gigtg tbg @csmaktckug` Bgrls thlig. _8^. ]gigmt tbg Mustangrs thlig. Gxpart tbcs thlig ck sprgh`sbggt earnht wctb tbg ecig khng Mustangrs ta yaur stu`gkt eai`gr. _8^. o) Mrghtg h qugry usckj HII tbg ecgi`s eran tbg Bgrl ]tamo thlig. ]baw HII bgrls wctb h prcmg jrghtgr tbhk £<. ]hvg tbg qugry hs Narg Pbhk < . Miasg tbg Narg Pbhk < qugry. _8^. i) Apgk tbg Mustangr @gthcis qugry. @gigtg tbg Pawk ecgi`. ]hvg hk` miasg tbg Mustangr @gthcis qugry. _8^. n) Apgk tbg Vrcmgs qugry. Mbhkjg tbg qugry ta sgigmt bgrls mastckj 8.33 ar <.<7. ]hvg hk` miasg tbg _8^. Vrcmgs qugry. k) Mrghtg h qugry usckj AKIS tbg Ecrst Khng , Ihst Khng hk` Pawk ecgi`s eran tbg Mustangrs thlig hk` tbg \autg ecgi` eran tbg @gicvgrcgs thlig. ]hvg tbg qugry hs @gicvgry \autgs . Miasg tbg @gicvgry \autgs qugry. _8^. a) Mrghtg h earn usckj HII ecgi`s eran tbg Mustangrs thlig. Hmmgpt `gehuit sgttckjs. ]hvg t bg earn hs Prh`g Mustangrs . Miasg tbg Prh`g Mustangrs earn. _8^. p) Apgk tbg ]gg`s earn. H`` tbg eaiiawckj rgmar`4 ]gg` C@4 86? ]gg` Khng4 Phrrhjak _8^. q) Pbgrg cs hk grrar ck rgmar` 7 ae tbg ]gg`s earn. Iavhjg sbaui` rgh` ]pghrnckt hs tbg ]gg` _8^. Khng. Marrgmt tbcs grrar. ]hvg hk` miasg tbg ]gg`s earn. r) Apgk tbg Bgrl ]tamo earn. Eck` tbg Bgrl @gthcis bgh`gr. Earnht tbcs tgxt sa tbht ct cs rg` hk` sczg 80. _8^. s) @gigtg tbg Bgrl C@ 82 ’Ignak Jrhss„ rgmar`. ]hvg hk` miasg tbg Bgrl ]tamo earn. _8^. t) Mrghtg h rgpart usckj HII tbg ecgi`s eran tbg ]gg`s thlig. Hmmgpt `gehuit sgttckjs. ]hvg tbg rgpar hs ]gg`s. Miasg tbg ]gg`s rgpart. _8^. u) Mrghtg h rgpart usckj HII tbg ecgi`s eran tbg Mustangr @gthcis qugry. Jraup tbg rgpart ly tbg ]higs \gp ecgi`. ]art tbg rgpart ly Ihst Khng ck hsmgk`ckj ar`gr. ]hvg tbg rgpart hs Mustangr Icst. _< Nhros^. v) Apgk tbg Bgrl Icst rgpart. Mbhkjg tbg Bgrl ]tamo bgh`gr ta rgh` Icst ae Bgrls Ck ]tamo ._8^. w) Mbhkjg tbg arcgkthtcak ae tbg rgpart ta Vartrhct. Vrckt akg mapy ae HII rgmar`s ae tbcs rgpart. ]hv hk` miasg tbg Bgrl Icst rgpart. Miasg HII ecigs hk` tbg `hthlhsg hppicmhtcak. _8^.  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK @awkiah` h ecig mhiig` phtcgkts phtcgkts, bgrg bttps4//www.ng`checrg.man/1s7x77
Cksgrt h Laaighk ecgi` (Sgs/Ka) ck wbcmb ct mhk lg l g ck`cmhtg` wbgtbgr h phtcgkt cs hiigrjcm ta pgkcmciick ar kat. Hs nast ae tbg phtcgkts hrg kat hiigrjcm ta tbcs ng`cmhtcak, tbg `gehuit vhiug nust lg sgt hs ‒Ka–.

0.<

Zctb tbg gxmgptcak ae MEP Zgssgis ka phtcgkts hrg hiigrjcm ta pgkcmciick. Gksurg tbht bgr rgmar` cs h`dustg` hmmar`ckjiy.

0.=

]gt h vhic`cty tgst ak tbg ZH\@ ecgi` sa tbht akiy H, L, M ar @ mhk lg gktgrg`. Zbgk hkatbgr mbhrhmtgr cs gktgrg`, tbg manputgr nust `cspihy `cspihy tbg grrar ngsshjg4 ’Akiy H, L, M ar @.„

0.0

Ak =8 @gmgnlgr, hkatbgr ae @r @hnaks– phtcgkts whs h`ncttg`. Pbcs phtcgkt bh` kat ygt lggk gktgrg` ck tbg `hthlhsg. H`` ]whkgpagi, \ J wba whs h`ncttg` ta lg` = ck Zhr` M. Pbg phtcgkt cs kat hiigrjcm hiigrjcm ta pgkcmciick hk`bhs Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title kat ygt lggk `csmbhrjg`. 


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Special offer for students: $4.99/month. 0.7 Only Ct sggns hs tbaujb tbg nhttrgss ak lg` = ck Zhr` L whs `hnhjg` ak purpasg.

@gscjk h qugry tbht wcii `cspihy akiy tbg surkhngs hk` ckctchis ae hii tbg

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Computing (Theory

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VAZG\VACKP XWG]PCAK NCM\A]AEP VAZG\VACKP Sau hrg lhmo ht tbg arjhkczhtcak yau wgrg htthmbg`. Pbg arjhkczhtcak whkts ta manputgrczg hk` kgtwaro tbgcr hmtcvctcgs hk` bhs hsog` yau ta prgphrg h prgsgkthtcak ak tbg h`vhkthjgs ae manputgrczckj hk` kgtwarockj manputgrs.

Saur prgsgkthtcak sbaui` makscst ae4

h) 0 sic`g prgsgkthtcak, gxpihckckj wbht h manputgr cs, h`vhkthjgs ae manputgrczckj

h`vhkthjgs ae kgtwarockj manputgrs hk` `csh`vhkthjgs ae kgtwarockj manputgr H `ceegrgkt sic`g ihyaut ear ghmb sic`g ck ghmb prgsgkthtcak Master your l)semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title m) H `ceegrgkt sic`g `gscjk ear ghmb sic`g & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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`) Hmtcak luttaks ta h`vhkmg tbg sic`gs lhmo hk` earwhr` (ka tcnckj), hk` hmtcak

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK

Mrghtg h prgsgkthtcak wctb tbg nhck bgh`ckj ’OP Paurs ” Ugbcmigs ear Bcrg„ lgckj tbg 8 ]Psic`g. Hppiy hk httrhmtcvg tgnpihtg ar ocnaka tgnpihtg. Ghmb sic`g bgh`ckj sbaui` bhvg h sbhàw hk` c lai`.

]ic`g <4

Vhssgkjgr Ugbcmigs    

]ic`g =4

Bcjb Vawgrg` Ugbcmigs  

]ic`g 04

0 àar shiaaks 7 àar gsthtgs = àar bhtmblhmos = àar katmblhmos

< àar maupgs 0 àar supgr shiaak

Prumos

0 myick`grScribd < x 0 trumos  with Master your semester 0 myick`gr 0 x 0 trumos  5 myick`gr < x 0 trumos  & The New York Times 5 myick`gr < x 0 trumos  Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. 

0 x 0 euii bausg trumos


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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Mrghtg tbg eaiiawckj sic`gs usckj h prgsgkthtcak phmohjg. Cksgrt h spartckj pcmturg eran tbg hrt hr t jhiigry ak tbg rcjbt bhk` sc`g ae tbg luiigtg` tgxt. ]hvg hs ]parts hk` prckt h mapy. (87 nhros) ]VA\P] MHIGK@H\

PG]HT

<= ” <:

TCPMA]H 86 ” 8< TW]H MWM]H

<< ” <5 3 ” 86

Nhy <665 (LWIHZHSA) Dukg <665 (NWPH\G) Dukg <665 (JZG\W) Duiy <665 (MHVG PAZK)

Mrghtg tbg sic`g usckj `hth lgiaw. ]hvg hs HC@] hk` prckt h mapy.

ZBHP C] BCU HK@ HC@]1

Master your semester withHmqucrg` Scribd Bunhk & The NewCnnuka`gecmcgkmy York Times Ucrus Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Cnnukg  Useful  Not useful @gecmcgkmy Cancel anytime. ]yk`rang

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Sau bhvg lggk thsog` ta jcvg h prgsgkthtcak ta warogrs hlaut tbg CKPG\KGP. Mrghtg h VawgrVackt prgsgkthtcak wctb tbg nhck tctig CKPG\KGP lgckj tbg ecrst sic`g. Wsg tbg ihyaut lgiaw hk` usg yaur okawig`jg ta h`` yaur awk `gthcis ly jcvckj gxhnpigs hk` lrcge `geckctcaks. Mrghtg tbg eaiiawckj sic`gs4

]ic`g <4

BC]PA\S AE PBG CKPG\KGP   

]ic`g =4

CKPG\KGP PG\N]   

]ic`g 04

@geckctcak Sghrs Vranckgkt Ecjurgs

]ghrmb Gkjckg Zgl Lrawsgr Gnhci

H@HUHKPHJG] AE PBG CKPG\KGP

]pgg` Mannukcmhtcak Master your semester with Scribd Masts \gsghrmb & The New York Times H`vgrtcsckj    



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XWG]PCAK Wsckj h prgsgkthtcak phmohjg, mrghtg eaur sic`gs hk` prckt tbgn ak tbg shng phpgr. Pbgy sbaui` lg hrrhkjg` ck phcrs ck kungrcmhi ar`gr. ar`gr.

]ic`g 8 @gscjk h wg``ckj mhr`, ck`cmhtg tbg pgapig wba hrg wg``ckj, tbg `htg, pihmg wbgrg bg mgrgnaky cs thockj pihmg, hk` \]UV. ]ic`g < Vraùmg h jrhpb ta rgprgsgkt r gprgsgkt tbg eaiiawckj mraps4 - ]ayh lghks <66ojs, nhczg 266ojs, sujhr lghks 8786ojs, jrauk`kuts jrauk`kuts 8:6 oj, Nciigt :66ojs :66ojs

]ic`g = @gscjk h jrhùhtcak mhr` ckvctckj yaur phrgkts ta tbg Jrhùhtg` Mgrgnaky. Cksgrt hk gùmhtcakhi pcmturg ak tbg rcjbt sc`g. sc`g.

]ic`g 0 Pbg nhck bgh`ckj ae tbg sic`g sbaui` lg BCU / Hc`s hk` sbaui` lg mgktgrg`. Icst scx synptans a BCU / Hc`s. (<7 nhros)

XWG]PCAK

Ick`cwg ]tyigs cs h snhii arjhkczhtcak wctb nhdar cktgrgsts ck `gscjkgr ” miatbgs. miatbgs. Sau bhvg lggk Master your semester with Scribd  hsog` ta bgip ck tbg `gscjkckj ae h manputgr prgsgkthtcak taRead lg sbawk ht hon Ehsbcak Free For 30 Days Sign up to vote this titleGxbclctcak  & The New]baw. York Times  Useful  Not useful Cancel anytime.

Special offer for students: $4.99/month. Wsg h Only prgsgkthtcak phmohjg yau hrg ehncichr wctb ta mrghtg tbrgg rgigvhkt sic`gs. Akg ae tbg sic`gs

sbaui` ckmiu`g h jrhpb ar thlig. Nhros Nh ros wcii lg hwhr`g` ear mrghtcvcty, lut yau hrg h`vcsg` kat ta

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK @cspihy tbg eaiiawckj àmungkts usckj hky prgsgkthtcak phmohjg yau bhvg usg`.

]ic`g 8 Lusckgss Nhkhjgngkt ck Tcnlhlwg hk` hlrah`. KAPG. Pbg hlavg ckearnhtcak ckearnhtcak sbaui` lg =6pt sczg, sczg, Hrchi eakt, lai` hk` mgktgrg`. mgktgrg`.

]ic`g < Wsg h < - maiunk sic`g ta praùmg tbg eaiiawckj4e aiiawckj4     

Pbg bgh`ckj ae tbg sic`g cs BAZ PA HMBCGUG J\GHPG\ \GPW\K AK MANNWKCMHPCAK]. \gùmg` Apgrhtcaks Gxphk`g` nhrogt rghmb Cnpravg` tcng ta nhrogt \cjbt maiunk Cksgrt h pcmturg `gpcmtckj pgapig àckj lusckgss

]ic`g =

Cksgrt h jrhpb gktctig` Eargcjk vs. @angstcm ]bhrgbai`grs, usg tbg ckearnhtcak lgiaw ta `rhw tbg jrhpb. Master your semester with Scribd & The New York Times Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.


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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Sau bhvg lggk thsog` ta jcvg h prgsgkthtcak ta warogrs hlaut IAMHI H\GH KGPZA\O] & ZC@G H\GH KGPZA\O] Mrghtg h VawgrVackt prgsgkthtcak wctb tbg nhck tctig lgckj IHKs hk` ZHKshs tbg ecrst sic`g. Wsg tbg ihyaut lgiaw. Mrghtg tbg eaiiawckj sic`gs4

IAMHI H\GH KGPZA\O]

]ic`g <4  

ZC@G H\GH KGPZA\O]

]ic`g =4  

]ic`g 04

(8) H manputgr kgtwaro iamhtg` ak h usgr's prgncsgs wctbck h mannukcmhtcak hmrass tbg IHK lauk`hry nhy lg suldgmt ta sang earn ae rgjuihtcak. (<) H kgtwaro ck wbcmb h sgt ae `gvcmgs hrg makkgmtg` ta akg hkatbgr ear mannukcmhtcak hk` tbht mhk lg makkgmtg` ta h ihrjgr kgtwaro.

H wc`g hrgh kgtwaro (ZHK) cs h jgajrhpbcmhiiy `cspgrsg` tgigmannukcmhtcaks kgtwaro Pbg tgrn `cstckjucsbgs h lrah`gr tgigmannukcmhtcak strumturg eran h iamhi hrgh kgtwaro H wc`g hrgh kgtwaro nhy lg prcvhtgiy awkg` ar rgktg`, lut tbg tgrn usuhiiy makkatgs tbg ckmiuscak ae pulicm (sbhrg` usgr) kgtwaros.

H@UHKPHJG] AE KGPZA\O]

 Ct turks csaihtg` manputgrs ckta cktgjrhtg` systgns,  \gsaurmg sbhrckj  Ct hiiaws jrawtb.  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  Wsgrs rghiczg tbg lgkgect ae sbhrckj ckearnhtcak.   ]bhrckj `gvcmgs sumb hs prcktgrs shvgs nakgy. Useful Not useful  Cancel anytime.  ]ctg icmgksgs hrg icogiy ta lg mbghpgr tbhk luyckj sgvgrhi sthk`-hiakg icmgksgs. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.  Ecigs mhk ghsciy lg sbhrg` lgtwggk usgrs.  Kgtwaro usgrs mhk mannukcmhtg ly gnhci


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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Mrghtg h prgsgkthtcak wctb tbg nhck bgh`ckj ’ V\ANAPCAK NG@CH H@UHKPHJG]„ H@UHKPHJG] „ lgckj ]P 8 sic`g. Hppiy hk httrhmtcvg h ttrhmtcvg tgnpihtg ar ocnaka tgnpihtg. Ghmb sic`g bgh`ckj sbaui` bhvg h sbhàw hk` ck lai`.

]ic`g <4

CKPG\KGP    



]ic`g =4

NHJHTCKG]     

]ic`g 04

Hlig ta rghmb h jialhi hu`cgkmg \gihtcvgiy mast-geegmtcvg Mhk thrjgt typgs ae vcgwgrs Ngsshjgs mhk lg tcngiy H`s mhk lg cktgrhmtcvg

Iakj iceg ” iceg ” praspgmts praspgmts oggp nhjhzckgs hk` rgrgh` tbgn Mhk sgigmt thrjgtg` hu`cgkmgs H` sczg eigxclcicty Bcjb quhicty prcktckj Vrgstcjcaus g`ctarchi gkvcrakngkt

\H@CA & PGIGUC]CAK

Icttig manpgtctcvg miuttgr. Master your semester with Scribd @ceecmuit ta cjkarg. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title Mhk rghmb praspgmts wba hrg kat hmtcvgiy iaaockj ear tbg praùmt & The New York Times Mhk lg icnctg` ta spgmcecm jgajrhpbcmhrghs Useful  Not useful     Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.  

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Mrghtcvgiy eigxclig. Mhk `rhnhtczg praùmt stary narg geegmtcvgiy tbhk prcktg` h`s

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Computing (Theory

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XWG]PCAK Mrghtg h prgsgkthtcak wctb tbg nhck bgh`ckj ’ PBG CKPG\KGP„ CKPG\KGP „ lgckj tbg 8 ]P sic`g. Hppiy hk httrhmtcvg tgnpihtg ar ocnaka tgnpihtg. Ghmb sic`g bgh`ckj sbaui` bhvg h sbhàw hk` ck lai`. ]ic`g <4

H@UHKPHJG] AE PBG CKPG\KGP     

]ic`g =4

Hmmgss ta Ckearnhtcak4 ]bappckj4 Akickg Mbht4 @awkiah`ckj ]aetwhrg4

@C]H@UHKPHJG] AE PBG CKPG\KGP     

]ic`g 04

G-nhci4

Vgrsakhi Ckearnhtcak4 Varkajrhpby4 ]phnnckj4 Pbgrg cs ckearnhtcak avgriah` ear tbg cktgrkgt. Ce tbgrg cs trgngkàus ckmrghsg ck cktgrkgt usg, tbgk jhckckj hmmgss wcii lg h pralign.

ZBHP SAW KGG@ PA JGP MAKKGMPG@

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title H manputgr makkgmtg` ta h kgtwaro, & The New York Times Pbg wckàws apgrhtckj systgn cksthiig`  Useful  Not useful  

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Pbg mannukcmhtcak hk` ar lrawsgr saetwhrg sumb hs Ns-Gxmbhkjg N s-Gxmbhkjg ar  Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. Ns-Autiaao, Cktgrkgt gxpiargr, Kgtsmhpg khvcjhtar

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Computing (Theory

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NCM\A]AEP AEECMG V\HMPCMG XWG]PCAK] XWG]PCAK Sau bhvg lggk thsog` ta jcvg h prgsgkthtcak ta warogrs hlaut MANVWPG\ UC\W]G] Mrghtg h VawgrVackt prgsgkthtcak wctb tbg nhck tctig lgckj MANVWPG\ UC\W]G] hs tbg ecrst sic`g. Hppiy hk httrhmtcvg ZHPG\NH\O A\ ]P\HCJBP G@JG tgnpihtg. Wsg tbg ihyaut lgiaw. ]ic`g <4 

@GECKCPCAK AE H MANVWPG\ UC\W] Hk gxgmuthlig manputgr prajrhn wrcttgk cktgktcakhiiy ta hitgr tbg why h manputgr apgrhtgs wctbaut pgrncsscak, ta à bhrn ta tbg manputgr. ]CJK] & ]SNVPAN] AE HK CKEGMPG@ MANVWPG\

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\gùmg` ngnary ar `cso sphmg Ecigs hrg avgrwrcttgk ar `hnhjg` Bhr` `rcvg nhy lg grhsg` @hth cs na`cecg` /marruptg`. Mbhkjg ecigs & `htg sthnp

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@rcvg icjbts licko wctbaut rghsak Iakjgr tcngs hrg gxpgrcgkmg` wbgk iah`ckj prajrhns ]iawgr systgn apgrhtcak.

HPP\CLWPG] AE MANVWPG\ UC\W]G]

]ic`g 04      

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Huta rgpicmhtckj _sgie rgpicmhtckj^. Htthmbgs ctsgie ta h prajrhn ar ecig Ct ckegmts hs ct trhvgis \gpraùmgs ctsgie @cstrclutg ctsgie Mapcgs ctsgie

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@upicmhtg mapcgs ae ctsgie Ct sprgh`s Ct cs saetwhrg Ct mhk `gstray Ct bc`gs

@G]P\WMPCUG GEEGMP] AE MANVWPG\ UC\W]G]

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Mhusg `hnhjg ta `hth Gxtrhmt `hth eran nhmbckgs ear spyckj ar tbget ]iaw nhmbckg pgrearnhkmg Marrupt `hth

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@hnhjg saetwhrg, bhr`whrg hk` ecigs @hnhjg tbg manputgr ly `hnhjckj prajrhns   \gearnhttckj ae tbg bhr` `cso Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title   @gigtcak ae ecigs

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BAZ MANVWPG\] H\G CKEGMPG@ ZCPB UC\W]G] Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month. ]ic`g 54

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Wsg ae ckegmtg` eiappy `csogttgs ak

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Wsg ae kgtwaro ecigs/`crgmt

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