Medios de Enfriamiento

Escuela de Ing. Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales Laboratorio de Tratamientos Tra tamientos Térmicos

INFLUENCIA DEL MEDIO DE ENFRIAMIENTO Y LA COMPOSICION DEL ACERO EN EL TRAT TRATAMIENTO AMIENTO DE TEMPLE.

JAVIER ALEXIS SÁNCHEZ GARCÍA 2112425 JOHN MAURICIO ENTRALGO NEIRA 21205 GRUPO! F1

I"#$%&' (' )*+$%*,$%-$ (' T%*,*&-'",$ T%*,*&-'",$ T/%&-$

PROFESORA! M*%* L-)-*"* M'"'' R-"" D$'",' A*(/&-$

UNIVERSIDAD INDUSTRIAL DE SANTANDER FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA FISICO3UÍMICAS INGENIERÍA METALRGICA 6UCARAMANGA 2015

Escuela de Ing. Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales Laboratorio de Tratamientos Tra tamientos Térmicos

INTRODUCCION D'(' 7*' &87$ -9)$ )$ 7'%%'%$ 7*+*" "$,*($ :8' - $&',*" )* ;-'<* *) %$=$ * 8" '"#%-*&-'",$ '" *98* ' $+,'"* 8"* &*>$% (8%'<* (' )* ;-'<* * - ',* ' ('=*+* '"#%-*% *) *-%'. Y ' ('(' ',* /;$* &'(-'?*)' (' ($"(' 8%9' ') *%,' (' '"(8%''% ') *'%$ ;$% '"#%-*&-'",$ %@;-($ ' ('-% ') ,'&;)'. E) $+=',-?$ #8"(*&'",*) (') ,'&;)' ' &'=$%*% )* (8%'<* (') *'%$ &'(-*",' )* ,%*"#$%&*-" (' )* *8,'"-,* '" &*%,'"-,* )* 8*) ' )* #*' &@ (8%* '" )$ *'%$. P*%@ ',$ ' ('+' *)*"<*% 8"* ?')$-(*( %-,-* (' ,'&;)' )* 8*) $%%';$"(' * )* ?')$-(*( &"-&* * )* 8*) 7*> :8' '"#%-*% ;*%* ,'"'% *100B (' &*%,'"-,* )$9%*"($ '?-,*% )* #$%&*-$"' (' *),* ,'&;'%*,8%* $&$ )* +*-"-,* ;'%)-,* > $,%$ $",-,8>'",' +)*"($. P*%* *)8)*% )* &*9"-,8( (') ,'&;)' ' ('+'" ,'"'% '" 8'",* #*,$%' $&$ )* #$%&* > (-&'"-$"' (' )* ;-'<* $&;$--" (') *'%$ > ;$% '"(' (') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ :8' ' %'*)-'. C$&$ )* #$%&* > )* (-&'"-$"' (' )* ;-'<* $" $"$-(* (';'"('%@ ;%-"-;*)&'",' (' ',$ ),-&$. E) ;%-&'% &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ #8' ') *98* ;8' ' ') *('8*($ ;*%* )$ *'%$ $%(-"*%-$ *) *%+$"$ )$ 8*)' #8'%$" )$ ;%-&'%$ *'%$ 8,-)-<*($. P'%$ ;*%* )$ *'%$ *)'*($ :8' ;'%&-,'" 8"* ?')$-(*( (' ,'&;)' &'"$% )* (-,$%-" ' *&-"$%* &-'",%* &@ 8*?' '* ') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$. E" )* ')'-" (') #)8-($ ;*%* '"#%-*% ' ,-'"'" '" 8'",* ') ,-;$ (' *'%$ )* #$%&* )* (-&'"-$"' > )* #8,8%* *;)-*-" (' )* ;-'<* -" '&+*%9$ ') $+=',-?$ ),-&$ '" ') ;%$'$ (' ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ ' $+,'"'% )$ %'8),*($ *('8*($ ;*%* )* -"9'"-'%* $" ') &"-&$ $,$.' '?-('",' :8' 8" $"$-&-'",$ $%%',$ (') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ' ?-,*) ;*%* ;$('% '?*)8*% #*,$%' ,*)' $&$! #)'-+-)-(*( (') &'(-$ #*-)-(*( (' &*",'"-&-'",$ ',*+-)-(*( '98%-(*( $%%$-?-(*( %';8',* * )* *9-,*-" #*-)-(*( (' )-&;-'<* (-;$"-+-)-(*( > $,$. E" ') -98-'",' -"#$%&' ' '?*)8*%* )* ;$,'"-* '"#%-*($%* (' )$ -98-'",' #)8-($! *)&8'%* *98* > *'-,' $"-('%*"($ ',$ ($ ),-&$ * (-#'%'",' ,'&;'%*,8%* ;*%* 8" *'%$ $%(-"*%-$ *) *%+$"$ > 8" *'%$ *)'*($.

Escuela de Ing. Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales Laboratorio de Tratamientos Térmicos

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D','%&-"*% ') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ;,-&$ ;*%* ') *'%$ ,'&;)*($ *'98%@"($"$ &',*)$9%@#-*&'",' :8' )* ',%8,8%* #-"*) '* &*%,'"-,-* > * 8 ?'< ;%''",' )* &'"$% (-,$%-" > *9%-',*&-'",$. E?*)8*% &'(-*",' )$ &/,$($ &',*)%9-$ ') ;$('% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ (' )$ &'(-$ (' ,'&;)' 8,-)-<*($ '" )* ;%@,-*. C$&;*%*% )* &-%$',%8,8%* $+,'"-(* *) %'*)-<*% ') ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ (' ,'&;)' '" )$ (-#'%'",' &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ *"*)-<*"($ -&8),@"'*&'",' )$ ?*)$%' (' (8%'<* ;*%* *(* 8"* (' ',*. A"*)-<*% ') ;$('% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ (' )$ #)8-($ 8,-)-<*($ $&$ &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ '" ') )*+$%*,$%-$ *) '% $&',-($ * 8" *&+-$ (' ,'&;'%*,8%* > )* $"'8'"-* :8' **%%'* ',* ?*%-*-" '" )* &-%$',%8,8%* #-"*) $+,'"-(* (';8/ (') ,%*,*&-'",$. C$&;*%*% )$ ?*)$%' (' '?'%-(*( (' )$ &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ 8,-)-<*($ > 8 -"#)8'"-* $+%' )* ?')$-(*( %-,-* (' ,'&;)'.


MARCO TEÓRICO A $",-"8*-" ' ;%''",*" 8"* '%-' (' $"';,$ +@-$ "''*%-$ ;*%* )* %'*)-<*-" > %';',-?$ *"@)-- (' )* ;%@,-*.

TEMPLE P*%* $&;%'"('% ',' ,%*,*&-'",$ ' ('+' ,'"'% 8" $"$-&-'",$ ;%'?-$ $+%' #*' &-%$',%8,8%* ,%*"#$%&*-$"' (' #*' ,'%&$(-"@&-* (' )* ,%*"#$%&*-$"' (' #*' -"/,-* ?*%-*+)' (' $",%$) &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ;$('% ,'&;)*",' '?'%-(*( (' ,'&;)' ,'&;)*+-)-(*( ',. S$)$ ',$ $"$-&-'",$ "$ ;'%&-,-%@" *;%$-&*%"$ *) ;%$'$ (' ,'&;)'. S'9" )* ASM ,'&;)' ' ') '"#%-*&-'",$ %@;-($ (') *'%$ ('(' 8"* ,'&;'%*,8%* ')'?*(*. E" 9'"'%*) ',$ ' )$9%* 8&'%9-'"($ )* ;-'<* '" *98* *'-,' *) $ *;)-*"($ *-%' $&;%-&-($. C$&$ %'8),*($ (') ,'&;)' )* ;*%,' ('+'" ('*%%$))*% 8"* &-%$',%8,8%* *';,*+)'&'",' (8%* 9'"'%*)&'",' &*%,'"-,* '" ') ',*($ ,'&;)*($ > '" )* @%'* %,-* 8"* ;%$;-'(*(' &'@"-* &"-&*. L8'9$ (' ',' ,%*,*&-'",$ ' %'$&-'"(* %'?'"-% )* ;-'<*. C$&$ ' ('(8' (' )$ *",'%-$% "$ ' #@-) ('#-"-% ') ,'&;)' -" -"?$)8%*% ,$($ )$ #*,$%' &'"-$"*($ '" ') ;%-&'% ;@%%*#$ (' ',' ,%*,*($. L* ',%8,8%* (') *'%$ %'8),*",' (') ,'&;)' &*%,'"-,* ' ;8'(' $"-('%*% $&$ 8"* &-%$',%8,8%* -"--*) 8';,-+)' (' '% &$(-#-*(* ;$% ') %'?'"-($ 8+-98-'",'. L$ #*,$%' (' )$ :8' (';'"(' ') ,'&;)' $" (' -&;$%,*"-* ('--?* ;$% '$ ' -&;$%,*",' :8' * *(* ;*$ (') ;%$'$ ' )' (/ ') &-&$ 8-(*($ > $"-('%*-". E) /-,$ (' 8"* ;-'<* ,'&;)*(* (';'"(' (' 8*,%$ #*,$%' ;%-"-;*)'! +8'" *'%$ +8'" (-'$ +8'" ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ > +8'" '%?--$. S8;$"(%'&$ :8' )* ')'-" (') *'%$ > ') (-'$ (' )* ;-'<* $" )$ *('8*($ ;*%* ') '%?--$ * :8' ') ;8",$ '",%*) ' ') ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$.


E) ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ '" 9'"'%*) (';'"(' (' )* $&;$--" (') *'%$ > (' 8 &'*"-<*($ ;$,'%-$%. L* ')'-" (') ,%*,*&-'",$ "$ ' ;8'(' 7*'% $%%',*&'",' -"$ ' $"$' ') &*,'%-*) * ;$% '='&;)$ 8" *'%$ (' ,'&;)' '" *'-,' ' *9%-',* - ' ,'&;)* '" *98* > 8" *'%$ (' ,'&;)' '" *98* "$ ' '"(8%'' '" *'-,'. L$ #*,$%' :8' ' $"-('%*" '" ') ,'&;)' $"! 1. C*)'",*&-'",$ 2. T'&;'%*,8%* (' *8,'"-<*-" . T-'&;$ (' $,'"-&-'",$ * )* ,'&;'%*,8%* (' *8,'"-<*-" 4. M'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$.

Medio de enfriamiento o medios de temple C$&$ ') &'(-$ -('*) (' '"#%-*&-'",$ "$ '-,' ' 7*" '&;)'*($ ,%*(--$"*)&'",' "8&'%$$ ;%$(8,$ '"#%-*",' '" 8>$ ;$('% ,'&;)*",' -"#)8>'" '",%' $,%$ )$ #*,$%' -98-'",'! L* ,'&;'%*,8%* -"--*) (') +*$ - 8 ?*)$% ' *),$ ' ;%$)$"9* &87$ )* ;%-&'%* ',*;* (') '"#%-*&-'",$. L* ,'&;'%*,8%* (' '+8))--". S- )* &*9"-,8( ' +*=* ') '"#%-*&-'",$ '%@ &@ )'",$ ;8' ' (';%'"('%@ &87$ ?*;$%. E) *)$% ';'#-$. D'+' '% ')'?*($ ;*%* :8' '* *),* )* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ *) ')'?*%' ;$$ )* ,'&;'%*,8%* (') +*$. L$ &'(-$ ,'&;)*",' 7*" '?$)8-$"*($ &87$ '" )* &'(-(* '" :8' ' ('*%%$))* )* -'"-* > )* ,/"-*. L$ ,%*(--$"*)' $" ') *98* ') *'-,' )* *)' > ') *-%'. S8 *;*-(*(' (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ' &8',%*" '" )* ,*+)* 1 '" )* :8' ' ,$&* $&$ 8"-(*( )* (') *98* * 20C. L* '#',-?-(*( (' 8" &'(-$ ' ;8'(' $&;%$+*% ;$% '='&;)$ *) ,'&;)*% 8"* ;-'<* -)"(%-* (' *'%$ > *"*)-<*% 8 -"#)8'"-* '" )* ',%8,8%* (' )* 8;'%#--' > ') '",%$. E" ') ,'&;)' '" *98* 8*"($ )* <$"* ','%-$% (' )* ;-'<* ' 7* ,%*"#$%&*($ '" &*%,'"-,* '" )* <$"* -",'%"* "$ ' 7* -"--*($ ,$(*?* )* ,%*"#$%&*-". E) %',%*$ ' "$,*+)' > * 8%9'" ,'"-$"' -",'%"* #8'%,' $" ;')-9%$ (' ('#$%&*-" $ %$,8%*. G'"'%*)&'",' ' 8,-)-<*($ '" *'%$ *) *%+$"$. E"#%* $" *),*


?')$-(*( %,-* (' ,'&;)' -'"($ -"$"?'"-'",' '" )* <$"* (' ,%*"#$%&*-" &*%,'"-,-*. E" ') ,'&;)' '" *'-,' 8*"($ '" ') ','%-$% ' $&;)',* )* #$%&*-" (' &*%,'"-,* '" ') -",'%-$% ' 7* -"--*($ >* (-7* ,%*"#$%&*-". E) %',%*$ ' &'"$% '" ') *$ *",'%-$% > ;$% )$ ,*",$ )* ,'"-$"' -",'%"* ,*&+-/" )$ '%@" $" &'"$ ;')-9%$ (' ('#$%&*-$"'. E,' &'(-$ ,-'"' )* ?'",*=* (' :8' ' *- -"'"-+)' *) *&+-$ (' ,'&;'%*,8%* ;$% )$ :8' ') ,'&;)' ' %'*)-<* (') &-&$ &$($ * 8*):8-'% ,'&;'%*,8%*. D8%*",' ') ,'&;)' '" *)' )* ,'&;'%*,8%* ' (-,%-+8>' 8"-#$%&'&'",' '" )* ;-'<* $" )$ :8' ,*",$ )* ;*%,' ','%-$% $&$ )* -",'%-$% ;**" ;$% ') -",'%?*)$ &*%,'"-,-$ *- *) &-&$ ,-'&;$. D' ',' &$($ )* ,'"-$"' -",'%"* ' %'(8'" *) &"-&$. C8*"($ ') ,'&;)' ' *) *-%' )* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ' &8> ;':8'* > )* ,'&;'%*,8%* -",'%-$% > ','%-$% ,-'"('" * ':8-)-+%*%'. L$ &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ *),*&'",' *,-?$ ;'%&-,'" (' 8"* #$%&* &@ '#',-?* $+,'"'% 8"* ',%8,8%* 7$&$9/"'* 8" ,'&;)' &@ $&;)',$ > &'=$%' ;%$;-'(*(' &'@"-*. E" '))$ ' ,'&;)*" )$ )$ *'%$ *) *%+$"$. T$($ )$ *'%$ *)'*($ $&$ %'9)* ' ,'&;)*" '" *'-,' $ *) *-%' > )$ '" *$ ';'-*)' '" *98* >* :8' ') ,'&;)' (' /,$ '" ',' &'(-$ $"(8' * )* *;*%--" (' 9%-',* > ('#$%&*-$"'. P*%* $+,'"'% '" ') ,'&;)' (' )$ *'%$ )$ &'=$%' %'8),*($ $"?-'"'" 8,-)-<*% ') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ &'"$ '"/%9-$ :8' '* *;*< (' $&8"-*% *) *'%$ 8"* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ 8;'%-$% * )* %,-*. D' ',' &$($ ' $"-98' 8"* ',%8,8%* ,$,*)&'",' &*%,'"-,-* )* &@-&* (8%'<* $&;*,-+)' $" 8 $&;$--" > ' '?-,*" '" )$ ;$-+)' )* 9%-',* > ('#$%&*-$"'.


Medios de enfriamiento utilizados en la prátia! A"ua D'+' '?-,*%' :8' ') *98* ' *)-'",' (8%*",' ') ,'&;)' ('+-($ * :8' ;8'(' ;%$)$"9*%' )* ;%-&'%* ',*;* (') '"#%-*&-'",$. E) *98* '"#%* &8> %@;-(*&'",' )* 8;'%#--' $" )$ :8' ' #$%&* 8"* $%,'<* &8> (8%* > ' %'*" ,'"-$"' -",'%"* ;')-9%$* :8' ;8'('" ('#$%&*% $ %$&;'% )* ;-'<*.

#oluiones salinas A*(-'"($ *) *98* 8"* (','%&-"*(* *",-(*( (' *)' (' ,'&;)' ') '"#%-*&-'",$ ' &@ %@;-($ > ;$% )$ ,*",$ &@ '"/%9-$ ('+-($ "$ $)$ *) &*>$% *)$% ';'#-$ (' )* $)8-$"' %';',$ *) *98* ;8%* -"$ ,*&+-/" ;$%:8' ('+-($ * )* '?*;$%*-" )* $)8-$"' *)-"* %-,*)-<*" > 8 %-,*)' (*(* )* *),* ,'&;'%*,8%* ',*))*" %$&;-'"($ ') ?')$ (' ?*;$% :8' -%8"(* )* ;-'<*.

Aeites L$ *'-,' *"-&*)' > ?'9',*)' $" ') 8$ $",-"8$ * (','%&-"*(* ,'&;'%*,8%* ' ('$&;$"'" ';'*" > ' ?8')?'" 9$&$$ (*"($ ,'&;)' +*,*",' -%%'98)*%'. A('&@ $" *%$ > (' $)$% ('*9%*(*+)'. L$ &'=$%' *'-,' ;*%* ') ,'&;)' $" )$ &-"'%*)' $+,'"-($ ;$% (',-)*-" #%*-$"*(* (') ;',%)'$. E) *'-,' *)-'",' ,-'"' &@ ;$('% %'#%-9'%*",' 0 3 40 $C :8' ') #%$ ;$% '% &@ #)8-($. E,' ,-;$ (' ,'&;)' ;%$(8' ('#$%&*-$"' > ,'"-$"' -",'%"* "$,*+)'&'",' -"#'%-$%' * )$ (') *98* > $)8-$"' *)-"*. U" +8'" *'-,' (' ,'&;)' ('+' ;$''% )* ;%$;-'(*(' -98-'",'! V$)*,-)-(*( "$ &8>


')'?*(*. T'&;'%*,8%* (' -"#)*&*-" > $&+8,-" )$ &@ ')'?*(* ;$-+)'. G%*" %'-,'"-* * )* $-(*-".

ACERO AI#I$#AE %&%' Compos ii(n )u*mia

C+

Análisis 0.K30.4 t*pio en +

Mn+

Cr+

Mo+

Pmá,! + #i+

05310

0K03110

0153025

004

DESCRIPCION:

Es un aero medio ar-ono aleado on romo . moli-deno de alta templa-ilidad . -uena resistenia a la fati"a/ a-rasi(n e impato! Este aero puede ser nitrurado para darle ma.or resistenia a la a-rasi(n! Es susepti-le al endureimiento por tratamiento t0rmio.

015305

PROPIEDADES MECANICAS: Dureza 275 - 320 HB (29 – 34 HRC E!"uerz# a $a %ue&'a: )90 M*a (+00 ,SI. E!"uerz# /#: 900 - +050 M*a (+30 - +52 ,SI. E$#&a'1& &a +2 Reu''1& e rea &a 50 •

•

•

•


NORMAS INO6CRADAS: AS8M 322

PROPIEDADES ISICAS: Densidad 7.85 g/cm3 (0.284 lb/in3) SOS: 8RA8AMIEN8OS 8ERMICOS: Se u!a *ara *#&e! *e;ue#!< Se austeniza a temperatura entre =>era!< =#r&$$# e a$=a 830 - 850 ! " se da temple en re!!=e&'a< e!*rra#!< ua!< aceite. #l re$enid% se da p%r d%s !eu#re! e $e?a< e>e! &%ras a 200! para %btener dureza reu'=#re!< '&'e$e!. de 57 '! " si se da a 35! la dureza ser* de 50 '!. +ara rec%cid% se calienta entre ,80  720! c%n d%s &%ras de mantenimient% lueg% se enra a 5! p%r &%ra &asta ,00! " se termina enriand% al aire tran1uil%. +ara el ali$i% de tensi%nes se calienta entre 450  ,50! " se mantiene entre  " 2 &%ras. Se enra en el &%rn% &asta 450! " lueg% se dea enriar al aire tran1uil%. •

Escuela de Ing. Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales Laboratorio de Tratamientos Térmicos 6

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D6

999

D#:

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440

Escuela de Ing. Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales Laboratorio de Tratamientos Térmicos FIG 2.DIAGRAMA DE ENFRIAMIENTO CONTINUO  CCT PARA EL ACERO AISI SAE 4140.

+;!#D#<9;.

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Resultados metalo"ráfios L* &-%$9%*#* :8' ?'%'&$ * $",-"8*-" #8'%$" $+,'"-(* *) $&','% 8" *'%$ AISI3SAE 4140 * ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ (' ,'&;)' '" )$ -98-'",' &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$! 8a@$a 2. 8e*era=ura  e# e e&"rae&=# u=$za#! e& $a *ra'='a

Medio de enfriamiento *98* *'-,' H-')$ '$ S*)&8'%* *98* 10B N*C).

a"ua a temperatura am-iente

Temperatura del medio T'&;'%*,8%* *&+-'",' 0 QC T'&;'%*,8%* *&+-'",' 0 QC


2I3 %!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado 2I3 7!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' en a"ua a temperatura templado en a"ua a temperatura am-iente/ ataada am-iente/ ataada on nital/ tomada desdea el mirosopio a &''', . tama4o de 5' on nital/ tomada desde el mirosopio 8'', . 6m! tama4o de 5' 6m!

E" )* #-98%*  > 4 ' ;8'(' $+'%?*% :8' )* &-%$',%8,8%* $+,'"-(* )8'9$ (' %'*)-<*% ') ,'&;)' '" *98* * ,'&;'%*,8%* *&+-'",' ',@ $"#$%&*(* ;$% )* #*' &*%,'",-* )* 8*) ' '"8'",%* $" 8"* &$%#$)$9* (' ,-%* *9%8;*(* '" &*"$=$ )* 8*) ' *%*,'%,-* (' *'%$ (' +*=* > &'(-* *)'*-" *('&@ (' ',$ ' '"8'",%*" <$"* '" )* 8*)' ('+-($ * )* ')'?*(* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ )* *8,'"-,* "$ *)*"< * ,%*"#$%&*%' :8'(*"($ %','"-(*. L* &-%$9%*#* ;'%&-,'" ?-8*)-<*% 8"* ',%8,8%* (-,$%-$"*(* > $" 8" 9%*($ (' *8&8)*-" (' '#8'%<$ *),$ :8' 7*' :8' ' ;%''",'" 9%-',* )$ 8*) ' ;%$(8=$ * )* ')'?*(* ,** (' ?')$-(*( '" )* #$%&*-" (' )* #*' &*%,'",-*.


A"ua a 9' 1C

2I3 8!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado en a"ua a 9'1C/ ataada on nital/ tomada desde el mirosopio a 8'', . tama4o de 5' 6m!

2I3 :!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado en a"ua a 9'1C/ ataada on nital/ tomada desde el mirosopio a 8'', . tama4o de 5' 6m!

#-98%* ' $+'%?* :8':8' )* &-%$',%8,8%* ',@ $"#$%&*(* ;$% ') E"E" )*)* #-98%* 5 >  >'K )$9%* ?-8*)-<*% )* &-%$',%8,8%* #-"*) )8'9$ (' %'*)-<*% &*%,'"-,* $" 8"* &$%#$)$9* '"$" #$%&* (' ;)** *-8)*%' &8> +-'"$" ,'&;)' ',@ $"#$%&*(* ;$% &*%,'"-,* 8"* &$%#$)$9* (' ;)** *-8)*%' (-,%-+8-(* *$&;**(* '" ;':8'* <$"* (' >+*-"-,* > *8,'"-,* %','"-(*."$ ;%''"-* (' *8,'"-,* %','"-(* '" 8 *)%'('($%' ;%''"-* (' -")8-$"' &',@)-* #$%&* (' 8)#8%$ (' ?'% &*"9*"'$. E" ',*'"&-%$9%*#* ;$('&$ $&$ (-&-"8>' ') 9%*($ (' (-,$%-" > 9%-',* '" %')*-" * )*$+'%?*% &-%$',%8,8%* $+,'"-(* ,'&;)*(* '" *98* E,* &-%$9%*#* ;'%&-,'" ') 9%*($ (' #-8%* (-&-"8>' 2I3:8' ;!Miro"raf*a de &-%$ un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' 9%*-* * :8' ') *'-,' ;$'' 8"* '?'%-(*( (' ,'&;)' &'"$% :8' ') *98* > 2I3 9!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado,'&;)*(* en aeite '" a temperatura am-iente/ ataada "$,*+)'&'",' '" $&;*%*-" * )* ;%$+',* ,'&;'%*,8%* *&+-'",' templado en aeite a temperatura am-iente/ 8 ;$('% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ '" )* %'-&-'",$ ',*;* (' tomada #$%&*-" ('el)*mirosopio &*%,'"-,* &@ on nital/ a ' &''', . *('&@ (' ',$ ' "$,* 8" &*>$% (' )*desde *=89* (' &*%,'"-,* ',* ataada on nital/ tomada desde el mirosopio tama4o de 5' 6m +*=*. ' ('+'" ;%-"-;*)&'",' * 8"* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ &'"$% >* a 8'', . tama4o*%*,'%,-* de 5' 6m :8' *) *8&'",*% )* ,'&;'%*,8%* (') *98* ',* *8&'",* )* ',*;* (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ;

%$Aeite a temperatura am-iente


E" )* #-98%*  > 10 ' ?' )* ;%''"-* (' &*%,'"-,* $" 8"* &$%#$)$9* (' ;)** &8> +-'" (-,%-+8-(* > 2I3 $"&'!Miro"raf*a 8" ';*-*&-'",$ '",%' AI#I$#AE '))* ;':8'* 2I3 $%' *8&'",$. S' ')-&-"* ;$% $&;)',$ <$"* (' &-%$ #-8%* > (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ *) ,'&;)*% '" ',' &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ 9%*-* * )* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ )'",* '" )* <$"* (' #$%&*-" (' &*%,'"-,* )$ :8' ;%$&8'?' * 8" %'-&-'",$ (' )* ;)** 7$&$9/"'*.

Aeite a 9'1C


2I3 &&!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado en >ielo seo/ ataada on nital/ tomada desde el mirosopio a 8'', . tama4o de 5' 6m!

2I3 &5!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado en >ielo seo/ ataada on nital/ tomada desde el Mirosopio a &''', . tama4o de 5' 6m!

=ielo seo

E" )* #-98%* 11 Y 12 ' $+'%?* :8' )* &-%$',%8,8%* ',@ $"#$%&*(* ;$% *=89* (' &*%,'"-,* > <$"* $" *8,'"-,* %','"-(* ('+-($ * )* ')'?*(* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ )* 8*) * 8 ?'< ;%$?$* &-%$ #-8%* > (-,$%-$"*&-'",$. S' ?' )* ;%''"-* (' <$"* &@ $8%* )* 8*)' $%%';$"('" * *%+8%$ :8' "$ *)*"<*%$" * (-$)?'%' :8'(*($ *,%*;*($ $*-$"*"($ *8&8)*-" (' ,'"-$"' :8' $"))'?*%*" * 8" *9%-',*&-'",$ (') *'%$.


#almuera ?a"ua @ &' + NaCl!

2I3 &%!Miro"raf*a de un aero AI#I$#AE %&%' templado en salmuera/ ataada on nital/ tomada desde el mirosopio a &''', . tama4o de 5' 6m!

E" )* de #-98%* 1 AI#I$#AE Y14.)*%&%' &-%$9%*#* %'?')*" 8"* &-%$',%8,8%* 2I3 &7!Miro"raf*a un aero $",-,8-(* ;$% %-,*)' (' &*%,'"-,* '" #$%&* (' *98=* )'",-8)*%' templado en salmuera/ ataada on nital/ tomada desde mirosopio a 8'', . tama4o '" el )* 8*)' )* *=89* ?'-"* "$ $" ;*%*)')* 8"* * $,%*.' de 5' 6m! ;%''",*" -")8-$"' "$ &',@)-* '" #$%&* (' -($ > 8)#8%$ (' &*"9*"'$ > )* '-,'"-* (' *8'",-,* "$ ,%*"#$%&*(* :8'(*"($ %','"-(*. E" ',* &-%$9%*#* ' ;8'(' $+'%?*% 8"* (-&-"8-" '" )* (-,$%-" > &-%$#-8%* '" $&;*%*-" * )* &-%$9%*#* $+,'"-(* &'(-*",' ') ,'&;)' '" *98*.

R'8),*($ $+,'"-($ '" ') '"*>$ (' (8%'<* PRO6ETA AISI3SAE 4140 H2O  T*&+-'",' H2O  T0QC A'-,' T*&+-'",' A'-,'  T0QC H-')$ '$

DUREZA DUREZA 1 HRC HRC 54 5

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DUREZA PROMEDIO HRC 52

54 4 51 5

54 4 54 5

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Ta-la 7 !resultados o-tenidos de dureza en el la-oratorio/ para ada medio de enfriamiento utilizado!

Análisis de resultados! E) ;%''",' -"#$%&' ' %'*)-< $" ') #-" (' (','%&-"*% )* -"#)8'"-* (') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ '" ') ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ (' ,'&;)' ;*%* ') *'%$ AISI3SAE 4140.E" +*' * )$ %'8),*($ $+,'"-($ &',*)$9%@#-*&'",' > (') '"*>$ (' (8%'<* '" )* ;%@,-* (' )*+$%*,$%-$ ' )$9%* ',*+)''% )$ -98-'",'. F-98%* > 4! •

E" ',* #-98%* ' ;8'(' ',*+)''% :8' ' $+,8?$ 8" ,'&;)' '#',-?$ *) %'*)-<*% ') '"#%-*&-'",$ '" *98* * ,'&;'%*,8%* *&+-'",' -" '&+*%9$ )* '?'%-(*( (' ',' &'(-$ $*-$"$ :8' )* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ #8'' &8> ')'?*(* '" $&;*%*-" * )* ?')$-(*( %,-* (' ,'&;)' $*-$"*"($ &-%$ #-8%* > (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ '" )* ',%8,8%* #-"*). E) ?*)$% (' (8%'<* ;*%* ',' &'(-$ #8' (' 52 HRC.

F-98%* 5 > ! •

G%*-* * )* ?-8*)-<*-" (' ',* -&@9'"' ' $%%$+$%* )* -"#)8'"-* "'9*,-?* (' 8" *8&'",$ '" )* ,'&;'%*,8%* (') *98* ;*%* '% 8,-)-<*($ $&$ &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ '" ') ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ (' ,'&;)' '" )* &-%$9%*#* ' "$,* 8"* (-,%-+8-" ('#*?$%*+)' (' )* ,'"-$"' ;%$(8,$ (' 8" ,'&;)' ('-98*) ('+-($ * :8' ',' *8&'",$ (' ,'&;'%*,8%* '" ') &'(-$ ;%$?$* :8' 8 ;$,'"-* '"#%-*($%* +*=' *8&'",*"($ )* (8%*-" (' )* ',*;* (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ;$% *;* (' ?*;$%. L* (8%'<* ;%$&'(-* $+,'"-(* '" ',' &'(-$ #8' (' 5 HRC.

F-98%*  > K! •

L* &-%$9%*#* $+,'"-(* "$ ;'%&-,'" ',*+)''% :8' ') *'-,' ' ') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ &@ *('8*($ ;*%* ',' ,-;$ (' *'%$ >* :8' )* '?'%-(*( (' ',' "$ ;%$;$%-$"* )* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ *('8*(* ;*%* $+,'"'% 8" ,'&;)' '#',-?$ > *('&@ (' ',$ "$ $8%%* 8" (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ > <$"* (' *9%-',*&-'",$ '" )* &-%$',%8,8%*. L* (8%'<* $+,'"-(* #8' (' 4K HRC.

F-98%*  > 10! •

E" ',* #-98%* ;$('&$ ?'% :8' ' ))'? * *+$ 8" ,'&;)' '#',-?$ *('&@ (' ',$ )* ;%''"-* (' &-%$ #-8%* > <$"* (' (-,$%-$"*&-'",$


' ?-'%$" ')-&-"*(* '" $&;*%*-" * &-%$',%8,8%* $+,'"-(* &'(-*",' ') ,'&;)' '" *98* '" )* 8*)' ' ;%''"-*+* *9%-',*&-'",$. )* -"#)8'"-* (' )* ,'&;'%*,8%* '" ',' &'(-$ #8' #8"(*&'",*) ;*%* $+,'"'% 8"* +8'"* %')*-" '",%' (8%'<* > #%*9-)-(*( >* :8' ',' *8&'",$ '" )* ,'&;'%*,8%* $*-$"* 8" &*>$% ;$('% %'#%-9'%*",' *) $+,'"'% &*>$% #)8-('< %'(8-'"($ 8 ?-$-(*(. E) ?*)$% $+,'"-($ (' (8%'<* #8' 52 HRC ') 8*) #8' -98*) ;*%* )* ;%$+',* ,'&;)*(* '" *98* * ,'&;'%*,8%* *&+-'",' )$ :8' %*,-#-* :8' ') *'-,' * )* ,'&;'%*,8%* (' 0QC '%* ') &@ ;,-&$ ;*%* $+,'"'% )* &'=$%' ;%$;-'(*(' &'@"-* '" ') *'%$ AISI3SAE 4140. F-98%* 11 > 12! •

)* &-%$9%*#* $+,'"-(* &'(-*",' ') ,'&;)' '" 7-')$ '$ ' *%*,'%-<*" ;$% ,'"'% ') &*>$% 9%*($ (' (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ > ')'?*(* ,** (' &-%$#-8%* '" $&;*%*-" * )$ ('&@ &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$. E,' &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ' *%*,'%-<* ;$% ,'"'% 8" ')'?*($ ?*)$% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ '" )* ,%' ',*;* )$ 8*) $*-$"* :8' "$ '* *('8*($ ;*%* '% 8,-)-<*($ $&$ &'(-$ (' ,'&;)' '" *'%$ *)'*($ ,*)' $&$ ') AISI3 SAE 4140 S8 ?*)$% (' (8%'<* #8' (' 55 HRC.

F-98%* 1 > 14! •

)* &-%$9%*#* "$ &8',%*" 8"* ',%8,8%* $"#$%&*(* ;$% )* #*' &*%,'",-* $" 8" 9%*($ (' (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ > &-%$#-8%* &@ +*=$ :8' )$ ?-8*)-<*($ $" ') ,'&;)' '" *98* ') ?*)$% (' (8%'<* $+,'"-($ ;*%* ',' &'(-$ #8' ') &@ *),$ $" 8" ?*)$% (' 5 HRC )$ :8' -"(-* :8' ',' &'(-$ ;%''",* )* &*>$% '?'%-(*(. L* *)&8'%* "$ ;%$;$%-$"* )* &*>$% ?')$-(*( %,-* (' ,'&;)' > 8" &'"$% 9%*($ (' (-,$%-" :8' ') *98* *) ,'"'% 8"* ?')$-(*( (' '"#%-*&-'",$ &@ )'",$ '" )* ',*;* (' #$%&*-" (' )* &*%,'"-,*. L* 8,-)-<*-" (' ',' &'(-$ ;*%* ,'&;)*% ') *'%$ AISI SAE 4140 ,%*'%* $&$ $"'8'"-* )* $%%$-?-(*( (' )$ ,*":8' > ':8-;$

C$")8-$"'

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' )$9% ',*+)''% :8' ') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ :8' +%-"(* )* &'=$%' ;%$;-'(*(' '" 8*",$ * (8%'<* > #%*9-)-(*( ' ') *'-,' * 0QC>* :8' 8 ?*)$% (' (8%'<* #8' (' 52 HRC ?*)$% :8' ' *)*"<* ,'&;)*"($ '" *98* ;'%$ $" )* ?'",*=* (' "$ ;%''",*% &-%$#-8%* > (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ '" )* &-%$',%8,8%*.



M'(-*",' )$ &/,$($ &',*)%9-$ ' (','%&-" :8' ') &'(-$ 8,-)-<*($ $" &*>$% ;$('% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ #8' )* *)&8'%* )* 8*) ;%$(8=$ ') ?*)$% ('


(8%'<* &@ ')'?*($ 5 HRC. L$ :8' $"))'?* * ('-% :8' ,'&;)*"($ '" ',' &'(-$ ' $+,8?$ 8" &*>$% $",'"-($ (' *%+$"$ '" )* &*%,'"-,* > 8"* &*>$% *",-(*( (' ',* #*'. 

A) %'*)-<*% 8" *8&'",$ (' ,'&;'%*,8%* '" ') &'(-$ (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ' ('+' ,'"'% '" 8'",* #*,$%' $&$ ') ;8",$ (' '+8))--" > )* ?-$-(*( (') #)8-($ >* :8' ',$ ;8'('" (-&-"8-% ') ;$('% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ *$ (') *98* > )* *)&8'%* $ *8&'",*%)$ *$ (') *'-,'.



L* ;%''"-* (' &-%$#-8%* > (-,$%-$"*&-'",$ ' ?' &@ *'",8*(* '" )$ &'(-$ :8' ;%''",*" &*>$% '?'%-(*( > :8' * 8 ?'< ;%''",*" 8" ;$('% (' '"#%-*&-'",$ ')'?*($ '" )* ',*;* (' #$%&*-" (' )* &*%,'"-,*.

Bi-lio"rafia 

A. V*)'"-* T'"$)$9* (') ,%*,*&-'",$ ,/%&-$ (' )$ &',*)'. E( U"-?'%-(*( (' A",-$:8-* 200.

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Escuela de Ing. Metalúrgica y Ciencia de Materiales Laboratorio de Tratamientos Térmicos 

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