MASCULINE AND FEMININE GENDER a)PEOPLE
MASCULINE
FEMININE
Actor
actress
Author
authoress
bachelor
spinster
bridegroom
bride
Butler
maid
boy scout
girl guide
Duke
duchess
emperor
empress
gentleman
lady
God
goddess
grandfather
grandmother
grandson
granddaughter
headmaster
headmistress
Heir
heiress
husband
wife
Hero
heroine
Host
hostess
instructor
instructress
King
queen
landlord
landlady
Male
female
manager
manageress
master
mistress
Monk
nun
nephew
niece
postman
postwoman
Sir
madam
Son
daughter
steward
stewardess
Uncle
aunt
Waiter
waitress
widower
widow
Wizard
witch
MASCULINE
FEMININE
Eagle
eagle
Bear
she-bear
Billy-goat
nanny-goat
Buck
doe
Bull
cow
Boar
sow
Cock
hen
Dog
bitch
Drake
duck
Drone
bee
Fox
vixen
Gander
goose
Lion
lioness
Leopard
leopardess
Peacock
peahen
Ram
ewe
Stallion
mare
Tiger
tigress
Wolf
she-wolf
a) ANIMALS
USEFUL LIST OF WORDS 1 DESCRIBING PEOPLE
Physical Attributes Shape/Size chubby fat lanky muscular of average height
shape of face broad heart-shaped oval round square thin
big crooked flaring nostrils flat hooked mouth big lips
double chin pointed chin square jaw skin/ complexion dark fair
hands broad huge long, skinny fingers narrow rough palms
of average size cheeks of medium dimpled height fat paunchy pale plump rosy short sunken skinny nose slim aquiline stout tall thin well-built
pouting mouth thick lips thin lips toothless smile rosebud lips yellow teeth chin cleft chin
freckles petal-soft pimples pockmarks scarred smooth soft well-tanned wrinkled
soft tiny arms/legs fat flabby long muscular skinny
girlish graceful hardworking helpful hunched ill-mannered irresponsible jovial kind lazy lean muscular
Nosey overweight patient playful plump polite powerful quiet rude selfish skinny slim
slender shapely snobbish sociable stingy timid trustworthy understanding unfriendly young youthful well-built weak
Personality (a) Adjectives Aged agile ambitious amusing athletic bent boring boyish brave broadshouldered caring chubby
clumsy cruel delicate dependable Dull elderly fair fearful feeble frail firm friendly generous gentle
Movement sing apt verbs for actions
To replace “said” Loudly/Angry Fierce bellowed growled grumbled ranted raved roared screamed
Happy chattered chirped Amused chortled giggled joked prattled Scared
Softly mouthed mumbled murmured whispered Pleading begged beseeched pleaded
exclaimed gushed jabbered sputtered Repetition echoed mimicked repeated Insulting
screeched snapped snarled thundered yelled Slowly drawled
croaked sputtered stammered stuttered Boastful bragged crowed
whined In haste/Too excited babbled blurted
jeered sneered sniggered mimicked
To replace “walked” or “ran” In haste/ Too excited barged burst charged dashed dived flew hurried jumped leapt rushed scrambled shot skidded
Slow crawled inched Happy/Childish/ Graceful danced flitted floated glided hopped sauntered skated skipped strolled twirled waltzed
Boastful pranced strutted swaggered Sad/Tired/Hurt crawled dragged drooped hobbled limped plodded shuffled staggered tottered trudged
Fearful/sneaky crept edged prowled slid slipped sneaked tiptoed Angry/stern marched stamped stomped stormed
2DESCRIBING PLACES AND SCENES
Other than for your descriptive composition, you may also include description of places or scenes in your narrative composition. When describing places, you must convey to the reader the feeling of actually being at the scene.Ask yourself these questions: at would one see, hear, smell, touch or taste at this scene? You have to include descriptions involving as many of the five senses as possible.For example, in describing seaside trip, you could include; Blue sea – sight Crashing of waves – sound Fishy smell of seaweed – smell Salt water in your mouth – taste Roughness of sand under your feet – touch at emotions would one feel at this time? (a)Your description will gain depth if you mention your emotional reaction to what you see, hear,
smell, touch or taste at this scene. (b)As mentioned before, you should not just list descriptive details.Choose the details that convey the message of how you feel about the place or the situation.You should have some sort of “theme” in mine. For example, if you are describing a seaside scene, your theme could be: The beauty and solitude of the place make me feel at peace OR The pollution and crowds spoil the spot and I feel harassed, disappointed and disgusted at words would you convey my feelings exactly? A good writer will have a wide vocabulary from which he can select the words that convey the exact nuance of meaning.When you are reading novels or articles, take note of interesting and useful words. Some Useful Phrases for Describing Scenes Here are some examples of phrases used for describing scenes.You can use them in your own essays where relevant. Sea scene Sand: soft, silky, coarse, burning, white, golden, shimmering
Coconut palms: dancing, waving, rustling… as if to welcome us
The water: blue, green, grey (storm approaching), foam-specked, crystal-clear, shimmering in the
sun The waves: Gentle waves rushed to the shore; Gigantic waves crashed on the rocks
Far out in the sea/on the horizon…a fishing boat, a kelong , an ocean liner…
Couples…walking hand in hand, splashing in the shallows/frolicking on the water’s edge
A cool/warm/gentle breeze caresses my skin.
The beach : crowded, deserted, golden, j am-packed, lonely, muddy, polluted, pebbly, sandy,
sheltered, unspoilt Sky The sun rose…a ball of fire/in a pool of liquid gold/crimson and gold
The sky was streaked with red, orange and gold.
The clouds blushed a shade of deep pink.
The sky seems ablaze with red and gold.
Fluffy white clouds drifted across the blue sky.
Ominous black clouds hung overhead.
It was a grey afternoon with dull clouds threatening rain.
Rainstorm The dark clouds that had been gathering all day gave way to pouring sheets of rain.
A flash of lighting streaked across the sky, followed by a roll of thunder.
The distant rumble of thunder…
The soft patter of raindrops…
The torrential rain thundered on our zinc roof.
The rain poured from the heavens.
Sheets of rain …/A curtain of rain
The storm raged
The wind was thrashing in the treetops/howled overhead
A high wind swept across the plain.
Late that night, the rain finally abated.
Traffic A motorbike/racing car whizzed by/roared past…
A lorry/An old bus rumbled by… in a cloud of dust/petrol fumes…
The traffic piled up…
Long rows/A sea…of cars, motorcycles and lorries…/traffic
We crawled along the road…/We inched forward, bit by bit…, slow-moving, at a standstill,
bumper-to-bumper, honk, roar, screech, overtake, accelerate, park, pass, exhaust fumes… Impatient drivers pressed on their horns…cursing…waving their fists
Red, sweaty faces…
Food Delicious, appetizing, mouth watering, tasty, scrumptious, disgusting, burnt, dry, fatty, oily,
Filling, fresh, healthy, nourishing, piping hot, sizzling, steaming, well-cooked, chewy, creamy Crisp, crunchy, lumpy, mushy, soggy, smooth, spongy, squashy, tender, tough, bitter, plain, salty, sour, spicy, sugary, sweet, syrupy, sticky adventure Amazing, action-packed, dangerous, exciting, fascinating, scary, strange, terrifying, thrilling,
incredible. Scenery Breathtaking, glorious, incredible, magnificent, marvelous, spectacular, wonderful
Weather Sunny, delightful, fair, misty, stormy, rainy, damp, fabulous, glorious, gorgeous, blazing, scorching,
magnificent, marvelous, superb, wonderful
Synonym is a word with the same meaning or nearly the same meaning as another word in the same language. admit
confess
leave
abandon
alive
lively
listen
hear
also
too
little
small
amount
quantity
look
see
ask
inquire
loving
fond
assembly
gathering
loyal
true
bad
evil
mad
insane
beg
implore
margin
edge
begin
commence
mistake
error
behaviour
conduct
most
maximum
big
large
new
modern
blamed
accused
noisy
rowdy
blank
empty
noted
well-known
bottom
foot
obey
submit
brave
daring
old
ancient
bright
shinning
omen
sign
broad
wide
oral
verbal
buy
purchase
outside
exterior
careful
cautious
part
portion
catch
capture
policeman
constable
centre
middle
polite
courteous
change
alter
poor
destitute
cheat
deceive
port
harbour
choose
select
praise
compliment
clergyman
minister
pretty
beautiful
close
near
protect
guard
clothes
dress
push
thrust
copy
imitate
queen
empress
correct
accurate
quick
rapid
cunning
sly
quiet
peaceful
cure
remedy
rare
scarce
damp
moist
read
peruse
dangerous
risky
ready
alert
deadly
fatal
real
genuine
dear
expensive
reckless
rash
decrease
reduce
red
ruddy
disease
sickness
remember
recollect
disorder
chaos
rich
wealthy
dull
gloomy
riot
revolt
dumb
mute
roam
wander
eatable
edible
rough
coarse
ebb
recede
round
circular
end
conclusion
rude
impolite
enemy
foe
rule
govern
enough
sufficient
sad
unhappy
escape
elude
safe
secure
fable
myth
scatter
disperse
fall
drop
seldom
rarely
false
untrue
separate
sever
far
distant
short
brief
feather
plume
shorten
abbreviate
fertile
fruitful
show
exhibit
fierce
ferocious
sleepy
drowsy
fight
battle
slim
slender
float
drift
smell
scent
force
compel
steed
horse
foretell
predict
stern
strict
free
release
stick
adhere
friend
ally
stop
halt
gain
profit
strong
powerful
game
recreation
style
fashion
gather
collect
surprise
astonishment
gay
cheerful
surrender
yield
general
common
surround
encircle
glad
happy
swamp
marsh
glaring
dazzling
talk
conversation
habit
custom
teach
educate
hard
difficult
tested
tried
hate
detest
thief
burglar
height
altitude
thin
lean
help
assist
top
summit
hide
conceal
trick
hoax
high
tall
trust
believe
home
residence
try
attempt
hug
embrace
understand
comprehend
huge
enormous
usually
generally
industrious
hardworking
vacant
empty
inside
interior
value
worth
join
unite
victory
triumph
jump
leap
weak
feeble
just
fair
whole
entire
king
emperor
wonder
amazement
lazy
indolent
yearly
annually
least
minimum
young
youthful
lIST OF VOCABULARY
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PEOPLE
Activist
Takes an active part in social causes or politics
Agnostic
Believes that nothing can be known about God or life after death
Atheist
Does not believe in the existence of God
Cynic
Thinks that people tend to act only in their won interest
Disciplinarian
Believes in firm discipline and can make people obey orders
Fanatic
Shows great and unreasonable interest for some religious or political belief
Fatalist
Believes that events are decided by fate and are outside human control
Idealists
Tries to live according to high principles, often is a way that is impractical
Nationalist
Believes strongly in one’s own country; wants national independence or government
Non-conformist
Does not follow generally accepted way(s) of living, thinking etc.
Optimist
Thinks that whatever happens will be good
Patriot
Loves one’s country fiercely and is willing to defend it
Perfectionist
Will not be satisfied until something is perfect
Pessimist
Thinks that whatever happens will be bad
Racist
Believes that his or her own race is the best
Realist
Accepts life as it is and deals with its problems in a practical way WORDS DESCRIBING CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY
Ambitious
Wants to be better or the best
Boisterous
Noisy and has a lot of energy
Candid
Frank, truthful
Carefree, easy-going
Has no worries or problems
Competitive
Hates to lose
Considerate, thoughtful
Caring
Critical
Enjoys finding fault with others
Dedicated, devoted, loyal
Faithful
Demanding
Expects high standards from others
Dominant
Likes to be the boss
Forgetful
Forgets things easily
Humble, modest
Not proud
Impressionable
Easily influenced by others
Light-hearted
Cheerful and not worried about anything
Malicious
Cruel
Materialistic
Loves to have things
Mercenary
Helps others with the aim of getting something in return
Narrow-minded
Unwilling to accept new or different ideas
Outgoing, extroverted
Friendly, mixes easily with others
Passionate
Emotional, impulsive
Proud, snobbish
pompous,
Thinks highly of oneself
Rebellious
Likes to go against authority or rules
Self-assured
Full of confidence
Sensible, level-headed, Well-balanced rational, logical Shy
Timid, reserved
Strong-willed, determined
Knows what he wants and usually gets it
Stubborn, obstinate
Determined to do something even though unreasonable
Tolerant
Compliant, easy-going, kind-hearted, unprejudiced
Unreliable
Doesn’t keep promises
Unscrupulous
Dishonest, unethical
Unpredictable, changeable, indecisive
Can’t be sure what he or she will be up to WORDS ASSOCIATED WITH BOOKS
Appendix
A section added after the main part of a book
Bibliography
A list of other books referred to in a book; useful for finding other sources for further information
Blurb
The description of a book usually found on the back cover
Foreword
An introduction usually written by a person other than the writer
Glossary
A list of terms and their meanings, usually at the back of book; it is useful if you come across a word you do not know
Index
List of topics and pages where they can be found; given at the back of a book
Introduction
Explains how information is organized in a book and how the book should be used
Preface
Explains the purpose of a book and the background to its writing
Summary
A summary of main points given at the end of each section or chapter of academic books
Table of contents
A list of chapter headings, tables, diagrams etc. EDUCATION
2+1
Two years of study are done locally while the final year is done overseas
3+0
All three years of a programme are done locally
Correspondence course
A set of lessons received by mail
Counseling
A service set up to give advice to potential students
Course preview
A short description of a course or subject
Distance learning
The study of a subject by students who do not attend classes but use computers or television
Duration
The time allotted for the course of study
Entry qualification
The necessary qualification to enroll n an institute of education
Equivalent
The same or equal
Full-time
Studying for the number of hours that work is usually done
Higher diploma
A diploma which is acquired at a tertiary level or university
Homestudy
Studying one or more subjects at home and not in an institute of education
Intake
The number of students allowed to enroll in a course
MBA
Master of Business Administration
Online Learning
Learning via electronic mail
Part-time
Studying not on a full-time basis
Prospectus
A printed statement describing the advantages of an institution
Twinning programme
A joint academic programme between two institution of education HOTELS AND HOLIDAYS
Bed and breakfast
A private house or small hotel where you can spend the night and have breakfast
Budget/ traveller
A traveler/tourist who carefully plans and controls his spending
Business traveller
A person who often travels for business purposes
Cruise
A journey by boat/ship for pleasure
Departure
An act of leaving a place
Destination
The place that someone is going to
Food and lodging
Meals and accommodation
Nett
The amount that needs to be paid after all deductions have been made
Package
A set of related services or things offered together
Quad sharing
A room for four people
Residential package
seminar A package where groups of employees from companies stay in a hotel and have training sessions or seminars
Return ticket
A ticket to a destination and back again
Single occupancy
A room for one person
Star rating
A system for judging the quality of hotels and restaurants
Subject
Dependent or conditional
Subject to availability
Depending on whether a certain facility is in use or not
Suite
A set of rooms, especially expensive ones, in a hotel
Twin sharing
A room where two beds are provided MEALS AND RESTAURANTS
Ala carte
Each dish has a separate price
Appetizer
A small dish at the beginning of the meal
Brunch
A combination of breakfast and lunch
Buffet
A variety of dishes spread out on a table where people server themselves and move away to eat
Cappuccino
Italian coffee made with hot milk and chocolate powder on top
Dessert
Sweet food served after the main meal
Dim sum
Chinese dumplings
Entrée or Main course
The main dish of a meal
Fast food
Food, such as burgers and French fries, which is prepared quickly
Set lunch/dinner
A combination of food suggested by the restaurant and has a fixed price
Steamboat
A variety of food that is dipped into boiling hot soup
Tiramisu
A type of rich chocolate cake of Italian origin
Value meal
A value-for- money set meal, usually sold at fast food restaurants CONTESTS
Accompanied by
Entry must be submitted along with specified items, such as receipts, or proof of purchase
Disqualified
Considered unfit or unsuitable
Eligible/ineligible
Suitable to be chosen/not suitable to be chosen
Entitled
The right to have or receive something like prizes
Exchangeable
A prize won can be exchanged for cash or something of the same value
Illegible
Difficult or impossible to read
Incomplete
Not complete
No correspondence will be entertained
Inquiries made through the mail will not be answered
Proof of posting
There is proof that something has been sent through the mail JOB VACANCIES
Added advantage Commensurate experience
An advantage over other candidates with
Suited according to the experience
Essential
Required or important
Fringe benefits
Extra perks given to the right candidate such as allowances, company car, insurance coverage etc.
Preferable
A candidate will be seen as preferable if he or she has extra qualifications or abilities than the others
Proficient
Skilled in a particular area or field, such as languages etc.
Qualification
An ability, quality or record experience that makes a person suitable for a job
Remuneration
Payment for work or services
Shortlisted candidates
The most suitable people for a job, chosen from a first list
Walk-in interview
An interview in which candidates come without having to make any appointments SALE/OFFERS
Clearance sale
A sale where goods are sold cheaply in order to get rid of them fast
Closing down sale
A final clearance sale before a company stops operating
Discount
Bought or sold for less than the normal price
Down payment
Deposit
Excellent/Tip-top/Mint condition
Looking new and in perfect condition
Guarantee
Warranty or assurance
Negotiable
Can be discussed
On nearest offer
Last or best offer
Stock-taking sale
An inventory sale
Warranty
A written promise made by a company to replace or fix a product if it breaks down or is faulty
ANTONYM LIST
absence
presence
accept
refuse
accurate
inaccurate
advantage
disadvantage
alive
dead
always
never
ancient
modern
answer
question, query
approval
disapproval
approached
receded, departed
abundant
scarce
admit
deny
advance
retreat, retire
artificial
natural
arrival
departure
ascend
descend
attack
defense
attractive
repulsive
attention
inattention
asleep
awake
ally
enemy
agree
disagree
bad
good
backward
forward, onward
bend
straighten
beautiful
ugly
beginning
ending
below
above
bent
straight
big
small, little
blunt
sharp
better
worse
best
worst
blame
praise
bless
curse
bitter
sweet
borrow
lend
bravery
cowardice
build
destroy, demolish
bold
timid, meek
bright
dull
broad
narrow
clear
vague, cloudy
careful
rush, careless
calm
troubled
capable
incapable
captivity
freedom, liberty
cellar
attic
cheap
dear, expensive
close
distant
clever
stupid
cold
hot
combine
separate
clockwise
anti-clockwise
correct
incorrect
conceal
reveal
come
go
common
rare
comfort
discomfort
courage
cowardice
cruel
kind
courteous
discourteous, rude
cunning
simple
dainty
clumsy
danger
safety
dark
light
deep
shallow
decrease
increase
definite
indefinite
demand
supply
despair
hope
disappear
appear
disease
health
discourage
encourage
dismal
cheerful
doctor
patient
dry
wet
dull
clear, bright
dusk
dawn
early
late
easy
difficult
ebb
flow
East
West
economise
waste
encourage
discourage
entrance
exit
employer
employee
empty
full
excited
calm
end
beginning
expand
contract
expensive
inexpensive, cheap
export
import
exterior
interior
external
internal
fail
succeed
false
true
feeble
sturdy, strong, powerful
foolish
wise
fast
slow
few
many
famous
unknown
forelegs
hind legs
fat
thin
find
lose
first
last
freedom
captivity
fold
unfold
frequent
seldom
forget
remember
found
lost
fresh
stale
friend
enemy
fortunate
unfortunate
frank
secretive
full
empty
generous
mean
gentle
rough
gather
distribute
glad
sorry
gloomy
cheerful
giant
dwarf, pygmy
granted
refused
great
minute, small, little
guardian
ward
guest
host
guilty
innocent
happy
sad, miserable
hard
soft
harmful
harmless
hasten
dawdle
hate
love
healthy
unhealthy, ill, diseased
here
there
heavy
light
height
depth
hero
coward
hill
valley
horizontal
vertical
hinder
aid, help
honest
dishonest
humble
proud
hunger
thirst
imitation
genuine
immense
tiny, minute
imprison
free
include
exclude
increase
decrease
inhabited
uninhabited
inferior
superior
inside
outside
intelligent
unintelligent, stupid
inhale
exhale
interior
exterior, outside
interesting
uninteresting, dull
internal
external
intentional
accidental
join
separate
junior
senior
justice
injustice
king
subject
knowledge
ignorance
laugh
cry
lawful
unlawful
lazy
industrious, energetic
land
sea
landlord
tenant
large
little, small
last
first
lawyer
client
lecturer
student
lender
borrower
lengthen
shorten
left
right
less
more
light
dark, heavy
like
dislike, unlike
likely
unlikely
leader
follower
little
large, much, big
lofty
lowly
long
short
loud
soft
loss
find, win
low
high
loyal
disloyal
mad
sane
magnetize
demagnetize
master
servant
mature
immature
maximum
minimum
me
you
merry
mirthless, sad
minority
majority
miser
spendthrift
misunderstand
understand
narrow
wide
near
far, distant
neat
untidy
new
old
night
day
noisy
quiet
North
South
obedient
disobedient
odd
even
offer
refuse
open
shut
optimist
pessimist
out
in
parent
child
past
present
patient
impatient
peace
war
permanent
temporary
please
displease
plentiful
scarce
poetry
prose
possible
impossible
poverty
wealth
powerful
feeble, weak
polite
impolite, rude
private
public
prudent
imprudent
pretty
unsightly, ugly
pure
impure
qualified
unqualified
rapid
slow
regularly
irregularly
rich
poor
right
wrong, left
rigid
pliable, soft
rough
smooth
satisfactory
unsatisfactory
security
insecurity
scatter
collect
serious
trivial
second-hand
new
sense
nonsense
shopkeeper
customer
singular
plural
simple
complicated
slim
thick, stout
solid
liquid
sober
drunk
speaker
listener
sour
sweet
sorrow
joy
sow
reap
stand
lie
straight
crooked
strong
weak
success
failure
sunny
cloudy
take
give
tall
short
tame
wild
teacher
pupil
thick
thin
tight
slack, loose
top
bottom
transparent
opaque
truth
untruth, lie
up
down
vacant
occupied
valuable
valueless
victory
defeat
virtue
vice
visible
invisible
voluntary
compulsory
vowel
consonant
wax
wane
wisdom
folly
within
without
