Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump - Research Thesis Report

“Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis Analysis of Diesel vs. vs . Solar Pump” Pump”

Submitted By- Kevin Kovadia (AM0712) Internal Guide- Dr. Mercy Samuel External Guide- Mr. Guide- Mr. Nilesh Arora

MBA in T echnology Management, Faculty of Mana Managem gement, ent, CEPT Univ University, ersity, Ahmedabad - 380009 380 009 www.cept.ac.in June 2014

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected]

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis titled “Market “Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump “has been submitted by Kevin Kovadia towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of MBA in Technology Management with specialization in Operations and Project Management. This is a bonafide work of the student and has not been submitted submitted to any other university ffor or award award of any any Degree/Diploma. Degree/ Diploma.

Dr. /Prof. /Prof . ___________ ____________ _ Chairman/Chairperson, Dissertation Committee 2012-14

Sign._______________ Internal Guide Dr. Mercy Samuel Samuel,, Associate Associate Professor, Professor, Faculty of Management, CEPT University

Sign._______________ External Guide Mr. Nilesh Arora, Partner, ADDVALU ADDVALUE E Consul Consulting ting Inc. www.avci-lean.com 2


UNDERTAKING

I, Kevin Kovadia, the author of the thesis titled “Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump”, Pump” , hereby declare that this is an independent work of mine, carried out towards partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of MBA Degree in Technology Management with specialization in Operations and Project Management at Faculty of Management, Management, CEPT University University,, Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad. This This work has has not been submitted submitted to any other institution for the award of any Degree/Diploma.

June 2014

Name: Name: Kevin Kevin Kovadia Kovadia

Place: Plac e: Ahmedabad

Roll No: AM0712 3


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Many people have contributed to this research work. First and foremost, I express my sincerest gratitude to my internal guide, Dr. Mercy Samuel, Associate Professor,

Faculty

of

Management,

CEPT

continuous support support to my research work.

I

University. sincerely

She

has

provided

thank thank

her

for

her

patience, motivation, motivation, enthusiasm and immense immense knowledge. knowledge. I convey my sincerest gratitude to Professor Mr. Nilesh Arora, Partner - Director, ADDVALU ADDVALUE E Consul Consulting ting Inc. His guidance guidance has helped helped me in all all the the time time of research and writing of the research report. I could not imagine imagine anyone else else as a

better

advisor

and

mentor

for

my

research

thesis

other

than

him.

Furthermore my earnest thanks to Dr. Gayatri Doctor and Prof. Shreekant Iyenger, who shared their knowledge knowledge during duri ng the entir entire e course. cour se. I convey my special thanks to all the interviewees without whom this research work could not be termed as a research thesis. I also thank the solar water pump manufacturers manufacturer s from f rom whom I got details about farmers using solar solar water pump. pump. Their patience and valuable time devoted to my research work are highly respected. I also acknowledge the support & encouragement of my friends and colleagues throughout the the course cour se of my work. work.

Last but not the least; I convey convey my my heartfelt

thanks to my family for their unwavering support and patience during the course of my thesis work. Lastly, I offer my regards to all of those who supported me in all respect during the completion of my thesis.

4


ABBREVIATION

SWP

Solar Solar W ater ater Pump Pump

MNRE

Ministry of New and Renewable Renewable Energy

PVP

Photo Voltaic Pump

PV

Photovoltaic

AC

Alte Alternat rnate e Current

DC

Direct Current

JNNSM

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

RKVY

Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

GDP

Gross domestic product

GHG

Greenhouse gas

JGS

Jyotirgram Jy otirgram Scheme Scheme

5


TABLE OF CONTENTS

1

2

3

Introduction.............................................................................................. 10 1.1

Indian Indian Pump Ind I ndust ustry ry Over ver view ............... ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... . 11

1.2

Pump Pump Market Market in India India ........... ............ ..................... ......... ............ ........... ................... ......... .......... 12

1.3

Agriculture Agriculture in India ........ .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... .. 12

1.4

Sola Solarr Water Water Pum Pump .............. ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... 14

1.5

Why Sola Solarr ............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... ... 16

1.6

Why SWP? ........................................................................................ 17

1.7

Market arket Potentia Potentiall ..................... ......... ............ ........... ............ ........... .................... ......... ........... ...... 19

1.8

Cost –be –benefit nefit analysis analysis (CBA)........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... .......... 19 19

1.9

Research esearch Objectiv bjective e ..................... .......... ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... ............ .......... .. 20

Litera Literature ture review review ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... ........... 21 2.1

Electricity Electricity Consum Consumption in Agric Agricul ultu ture re sector sector ...... .. ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... .. 22

2.2

Water Water Resou esources rces in Gujarat ujarat ................ ..... ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... ............ .... 23

2.3

Sola Solarr Power Power as substitute substitute of Diesel Diesel ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... ........... 23 23

2.4

The off-grid system system........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... .. 26

2.5

Sola Solarr Water Water Pum Pump .............. ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... 26

2.6

Government Subsidy for Solar Water Pump ......................................... 28

2.7

Market arket Potential Potential of SWP ............ ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... .............. .......... .... 31

Research esearch Methodolo ethodology gy ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... .. 33 3.1

Need of the the Stu S tudy dy ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... .... 34

3.2

Primary Primary Survey............ Survey............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... ..................... .......... ........... ....... 34 6

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] 3.3 4

Limitat Limitation ion of study........... study........... ............ .................... ......... ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... .... 34

Cost Cost Benefit Analysis Analysis of Diesel vs. vs. Sola So larr W ater ater Pump Pump ....... ... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... 35 4.1

Cost Costing ing Assum Assumptio ptions: ns: ......... ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ ......... 36 36

4.2

Scenario 0 ......................................................................................... 37

4.3

Scenario 1 ......................................................................................... 38

4.4

Scenario 2 ......................................................................................... 39

4.5

Scenario 3 ......................................................................................... 40

5

Conclusion............................................................................................... 42

6

Bibliography............................................................................................. 43

7

Append Appendii x ........ .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .... ........ .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .... . 46 7.1

List of Solar Solar PV W ater Pumping Pumping System Sy stems s Tested Tested and Qualifi Qualified ed at Solar

Energ Energy y Cent Center er during during the y ear ear 2012-13 2012-13 ...................... .......... ............ ..................... .......... ........... ........... ... 47 7.2

List of Questions Questions and Responses during SW P User User Interv Interview iew.... ........ ........ ........ .... 51

7.3

List of Images of Site location where Interview I nterview conducted conduc ted of SWP SW P Users

during during Thesis Thesis Research Research ............... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ .................... ......... ........... 56 st

7.3.1

1 Interv Interview iew si te location location ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ ........ 56 56

7.3.2

2

7.3.3

3 Interv Interview iew site location..... location................. ............ ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ .. 58

7.3.4

4 Interv Interview iew site site locat location ion ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ ........ 59 59

7.3.5

5 Interv Interview iew site locat location ion ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ ........ 60 60

nd

Interv Interview iew site locat location ion .............. ........... ..................... .......... ........... ............ .... 57

rd

th

th

7


LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Solar, Solar, Diesel Diesel & Conventional Power Power Com Co mparison parison ........ .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .... . 17 Figure 2 Convention Conventional al vs. Solar Power generation generation process process ........ .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ....... ... 24 Figure 3 Technical Technical Specifications Specifications of Solar Solar Submersible DC Pump ..... . ........ ........ ........ ........ .... 28 Figure 4 Impacts of the “Jyotigram” scheme on different stakeholder groups ...... 29 29 Figure Figure 5 Break Breakev even en Point in Scenario Scenario 0................ 0.... ............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... . 37 Figure Figure 6 Break Breakev even en Point in Scenario Scenario 1................ 1.... ............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... . 38 Figure Figure 7 Break Breakev even en Point in Scenario Scenario 2................ 2.... ............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... . 39 Figure Figure 8 Break Breakev even en Point in Scenario Scenario 3................ 3.... ............ ........... ..................... ......... ............ ........... . 40 Figure 10 Site location of Solar Solar W ater Pump Pump User User (1) ( 1) near Hirapur Chokdi Chokdi ....... .... ..... .. 56 Figure 11 Site location of Solar Solar W ater Pump Pump User User (2) ( 2) near Hirapur Chokdi Chokdi ....... .... ..... .. 57 Figure 12 Site location of Solar Water W ater Pump Pump User (3) near Hirapur Chokdi ...... ... ...... ... 58 Figure 13 Site loca location tion of Solar Solar Water W ater Pump Pump User (4) near Palanpur ...... ... ...... ...... ...... ...... ... 59 Figure 14 Site loca location tion of Solar Solar Water W ater Pump Pump User (5) near Ghamij Village Village ...... ... ...... ..... 60

8


LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Pump Pump Market Market in India India Highlight ighlights s ........... ........... ..................... .......... ........... ........... ..... 11 Table 2 Challenges Challenges and Potential Potential Solutions of Solar Solar water wate r pump pump ......... ..... ........ ........ ........ ...... .. 32 Table 3 5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions ................................................ 36 Table 4 5hp SWP Costing Costing With and With Wi thout out 30% Subsidy Subsidy.... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .... . 36 Table 5 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0) ................................................. 37 Table 6 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 1) ................................................. 38 Table 7 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 2) ................................................. 39 Table 8 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 3) ................................................. 40 Table 9 Comparison Compari son of break-ev break-e ven point in each scenario sc enario of SWP Usage ........ ..... ..... .. 41

9


1

Introduction

10


1.1 Indian Pump Industry Overv Overview iew A pump pump is a device device that that moves oves fluids fluids (liquids (liquids or gases), gases), or somet sometime imes s slurries, by mechanical action. Pump is not a new concept in the Indian industry. In fact, the ‘Pichkari’ which Lord Krishna and his playmates used for splashing coloured water on Gopies, can be termed as the oldest reference to a pump concept, especially of the reciprocating plunger type. Thus, pumps must be an Indian invention, but commercial production of pumps in India, as contemporarily understood, is quoted to be way way back in the first fi rst decade of twentieth twentieth century centur y (Amin).

The Indian Pump industry has more than 800 manufacturers with worker strength of over 40,000 producing about 5 million pumps annually. Indian market for pump is estimated to be Rs.5000 Crores growing at an annual rate of 8% significantly higher than the global rate of 4% in FY 12. The Pumps industry in India is more than seven decades old. Though it has a turnover of Rs 5000 crore the size is not even 10 per cent of the size of USA market. The industry meets 95 per cent of the domestic demand.

Year Yea r

FY 2012 20 12

FY 2013 20 13

Estimated Market (in Rs)

5000 Cr

8375 Cr

Annual Growth rate

8%

12%

No. of Pump Manufacturers

800+

800+

% of Demand meet by Domestic Manufacturers

95%

95%

Table 1 Pump Market in India Highlights Source: (Singhi_Advisors, 2011), (TATA , 2013)

11


1.2 Pump Market Ma rket in in India Exports have been a regular feature of Indian pump industry for years. Indian pumps have reached more than sixty countries around the world including developed countries. India exported Pump sets worth 400 Crs in FY 11. Indian pump industry is characterized by the coexistence of large number of Small & Medium units, some large manufacturers and plenty of foreign manufacturers.

Coimbatore is the leading hub for pump manufacturing followed by Ahmedabad and Rajkot. India is the outsourcing hub of the manufacturers abroad who have found India to be not only a cheap source of skilled labor but also the market to be an expansive one. Contribution of Agricultural and domestic industry to total pump sales is higher in India compared to global standards. (Singhi_Advisors, 2011)

The The following following are major major player in Indian pump pump Industry like, KSB, Kirloskar, Texmo, Crompton, CRI, Jyoti, Lubi, Duke Etc.

1.3 Agricul Agriculture ture in India Agriculture Agriculture is a key sector sector in India that that empl employs oys twotwo-thirds thirds of the country’s work force and continues to be a significant contributor to the GDP, 20% in 2005 (MOSPI, 2007b).

Water is becoming increasingly scarce in many parts of the world and thereby limiting agricultural development. The capacity of large countries like India to efficiently develop and manage water resources is likely to be a key determinant for global food security in the 21st century. (K Palanisami, 2011)

12


Figure 1 Solar Water Pump (SWP) Block Diagram Source: Self Compiled 13

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] Since agriculture is the major water-consuming sector in India, demand management in agriculture in water-scarce and water-stressed regions would be central to reduce the aggregate demand for water to match the available future supplies. (K Palanisami, 2011)

It is estimated that 80 per cent of the freshwater in India is used for agriculture and a major portion (70%) of this is based on groundwater irrigation. Nearly 88 per cent of the total minor irrigation schemes in India are pump-based (MoWR, 2013). Though pump sets are important for livelihoods, they also contribute to the GHG emissions since a significant percentage of them rely on diesel.

1.4 Solar Water Pump Solar power operated water pumping system is used pump the water in remote place where the electric power is not available, it is a renewable energy technic where no cost for the electricity, A solar cell, a form of photovoltaic cell, is a device that uses the photoelectric effect to generate electricity from light, thus generating solar power (energy). Most often, many cells are linked together to form a solar panel with increased voltage and/or current. Solar cells produce direct current (DC), which can be used directly, converted in Alternate Current (AC), or stored in a battery.

The first phase of market development for solar PV water pumping in India goes back to 1993-94.The programme of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), then known as Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, aimed for deployment of 50,000 solar PV water pumping systems for irrigation and drinking water across the country. MNRE provided the financial assistance required for subsidizing the capital and interest cost of the solar pumps. (GIZ, 2013) 14


Figure 2 Solar Submersible Pump Diagram Source: (taiyosolar.in)

Some years ago there were PVP models on the market that operated with batteries and a conventional inverter. However it was soon realised that the cost savings on the pump did not make up for the overall substandard efficiency and the higher maintenance cost due to battery replacements. Instead it became clear that it is more economical to rather store water in a reservoir than electricity in a battery bank. (EmCON, 2006) 15

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] In several villages, the bore wells are now utilized as a dual source and the operational hours have been reduced. Based on a random survey, it has been observed that a significant saving has been achieved in electricity consumption that is now available for alternative uses, proving to be an eco-friendly achievement. Solar pumps have also been commissioned in 260 villages in the State and about 200 more solar pumping systems will be installed in the near future. In various parts of the State, including coastal and tribal areas, roof top rainwater harvesting structures have also been taken up in public buildings, schools and individual household level, which is also resulting in substantial electricity savings. Comprehensive energy audits for various group water supply schemes have also resulted in energy savings. (Gupta, savings. (Gupta, 2011)

1.5 Why Solar In India 80% of the electricity is produced by coal which is a nonrenewable source. sourc e. electri electrici city. ty.

Electrici Electri city ty whatev whatever er produced produc ed is very less less than the need for

By this many many of the companies, companies, industries, industries, organizations, organizations, common common

people are facing severe power cuts. Because of this insufficient power supply for the agric agricult ulture ure sector, output of the crop is reducing reduci ng every every year. This scarcity scarc ity of the power is creating major problems in small scale industries which logistics are totally depended on power.

Solar power is one of the best nonpolluting energy sources. India being at best geographical location receives nearly 300 to 320 days good sunny days. Among the solar power sources, sour ces, solar Photov Pho tovoltaic oltaic (PV) is one the matured matured power power systems. If the industry develops develops and spread the Solar PV power packs to be installed at different places especially on buildings (commercial, public and institutional), industries, and also on various barren lands like hilly slopes, and desert areas. (Somasekhar. G, 2014) 16

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] 16 14

) 12 h W K10 r e P ( 8 ) s R ( 6 t s o C 4 2 0 201 1 Sol ar PV

201 3

201 5

201 7

Con ventional Power

201 9

202 1

Di esel Gen. Set

Figure 1 Solar, Diesel & Conventional Power Comparison Source: Headway Solar (P) Ltd.

1.6 Why SWP? To grow the product where the grid energy doesn't reach in the hands the PV system plays important role in dev developing country countr y like India. Indi a. Another important reason

of using PV based pumping systems is: conventional electrici electri city ty not

supplied in suff suffic icient ient time time (6-8 (6- 8 hour supplied supplied to farmers far mers in Rajasthan Rajasthan India), Indi a), the cost of conventional energy, energy , government government subsidy in solar pumping systems and it is diffi dif ficult cult to extend extend the electric electri c grid to every every location where it is needed for every farmer. (Shiv Lal, 2013)

17

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] Erratic power supply and frequent grid failures are typical in most part of rural India. Indi a. Farmers have have a diesel pump or diesel run generator as an alternative alternative to minimize the risk ri sk of

crop cr op failure fai lure due to discontinued disc ontinued water water supply. As an

alternative to expensive rural electricity grids and inefficient conversion of fossil fuels, renewable energies can contribute to solving this problem. (Shamaila Zia, 2012)

According to TAT TATA’s A’s Strate Strategic gic Report Report on “Indian “Indian Pumps and Industrial Valves Market”, Market”, Likely scenario of Pumps market over next five years: 1. Minimal Mini mal technologi tec hnologic c al advancements; low R&D investment 2. Reducti Reduction on in i n profit prof it margins due to increasing incr easing raw material material pric pr ices es and operation operation in a price pr ice-- sensitiv sensitive e market market 3. Competition Competition from fr om low-cost Chinese Imports 4. Manufacturers Manufacturer s will will be expected expected to provide provide integrated solution (motors, seals, valv valves, es, driv dri vers, after-sales after- sales service and technic al support) 5. Some degree of consolidation of the the market Source: (TATA , 2013)

18


1.7 Ma Market rket Potential Potential Market Potential is i s the estimated estimated maximum maximum total Sales/Rev Sales/Revenue enue of all suppliers of product in market during a certain period.

1

•

Estimating Market Potential (MP) = N × P × Q

•

Estimating Market Potential (MP) of firm A = N × P × Q × MS MS

2

Where, MP N P Q MS

= market potential = total number number of potential consumers = average average selling price pri ce = average average annual consumption = market market share share (%) of consumers consumers buying buying from fr om firm fir m A

1.8 Cost –benefit –benefit analysis (CBA) CBA is a systematic process for calculating and comparing benefits and costs of a project, decision or government policy. It involves comparing the total expected cost of each option against the total expected benefits, to see whether the benefits compensate the costs, and by how much. CBA has two purposes: 1) To determine if it is a sound investm investment/deci ent/decision sion 2) To provide provide a basis for comparing comparing projects projects

Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile. worthwhile.

3

1 . http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/market-potential.html 2 . http://plantsforhumanhealth.ncsu.edu/extension/marketready/pdfs-ppt/business_development_files/PDF/estimating_market_potential.pdf

3 http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/cba.htm

19


1.9 Research Objective 1

The objective of this study study is to analyze market potential potential of solar solar water water pumps. pumps.

2

To analyze what what is the need of Solar W ater Pump.

3

To conduct conduc t a comparative cost benefit analysis among among Diesel vs. vs. Solar Water Pump.

20


2

Literature Literatur e rev review iew

21


2.1 Electricit Electricity y Consumption Consumption in in Agricult Agriculture ure sector Gujarat energy minister Saurabh Patel says the government has promised 10 hours of electricity to farmers for agricultural purposes and is delivering on it. However, Praful Senjaliya, a farmer leader in Saurashtra associated with the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh, disagrees. "Farmers have never got 10 hours electricity. As it is, we don't need need much power power because because of drought-like drought-like situat situation. ion. But the main main problem is that electricity that is supplied for around five to eight hours is only at night and odd times. We have requested the government often to provide electricity in the day," he says (The says (The Times of India, 2013).

Despite massive public investments in canal irrigation, Gujarat agriculture has come to depend heavily on irrigation with wells and tube wells. During the 1950s and 1960s, farmers used mostly diesel engines to pump groundwater. However, as rural electrification progressed, they began switching to submersible electric pumps, especially as diesel pumps are unable to chase declining water levels. Major expansion in the use of electric pumps occurred during the late 1980s as the Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB) changed to flat tariffs linked to the horse power of pumps. Until 1988, farmers were charged based on the metered use of electricity. However, as electric tube wells increased to hundreds of thousands, rampant corruption began to plague meter reading and billing. Farmers also complained about the tyranny and arbitrariness of the GEB’s meter readers. (Tushaar Shah, pp. 1-18) 1-18)

22


2.2 Water Resources in Gujarat Gujarat has just 2.28% of India’s water resources and 6.39% of country’s geographical area. This is again constrained by imbalances in intra-state distribution. The State has an average annual rainfall of 80 cm with a high coefficient of variance over time and space and as a result droughts have been frequent. Out of 185 rivers, the State has only eight perennial rivers and all of them are located in southern part. Around 80% of the State’s surface water resources are concentrated in central and southern Gujarat, whereas the remaining threequarters of the State have only 20%. (Gupta, 2011)

Since Sinc e 2000, however, however, all available available evidenc evidence e suggests that the region’s regi on’s ground water economy has begun shrinking in response to a growing energy squeeze. This energy squeeze is a combined outcome of three factors: a) Progressive Progr essive reduction reduc tion in the quantity quantity and quality of of power power supplied by power utilities to agriculture as a desperate means to contain farm power subsidies; b) Growing Growing difficulty diffi culty and rising ri sing capital cost of acquiring new new electrici electricity ty connections for tube wells; and c) An eight-fold eight-fold increase incr ease in the nominal nominal price pri ce of diesel during 1990-2007 (a period period during duri ng which which the nom nominal inal rice ric e price pric e rose by less less than 50 %). (Shah T. , 2008)

2.3 Solar Power as substitut substitute e of Diesel A comple complex x set of factors such as global global warm warming, ing, increasin i ncreasing g com c ompet petitiv itive e land use, use, and the growing mismatch between energy demand and supply is creating new challenges for the vast agrarian population in India. Diesel for running irrigation pumps is often beyond the means of economically marginalized farmers. 23

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] Insufficient Irrigation can lead to crop damage, reducing yields and diminishing income. Environment-friendly, low-maintenance photovoltaic pumping systems offer new possibilities possibilities for pumping irr igation water. water. (GIZ, 2013)

Figure 2 Conventional vs. Solar Power generation process ( Image Sunible.com) I mage Credit: 24

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] Solar energy technologies have long been used in the areas of solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal electricity, and solar architecture. Energy shortages and increasing energy prices are two of the most urgent problems we face today. One desirable solution to the energy shortage problem is renewable energy, and solar energy is one of the cleanest and most efficient energy sources. Solar panels are among the most common methods of harvesting solar energy from solar radiation, which accounts for a large portion of available renewable energy. (Hu, 2012)

According to Mr. Santo Santosh sh Kamat Kamath, h, Executiv Executive e Director of KPMG KPMG, “Decentralized systems benefit from lower network losses as power does not have to be transported over long distances. These include applications such as solar rooftop systems, solar-powered agriculture pump sets, solar lighting systems and solarpowered telecom towers” (KPMG, 2011).

Several Several studies have have indicated indi cated that the capital cost of solar is signif icantly ic antly more expensive expensive than a diesel powered system but this is not the case. Solar pumps tended to replace larger capacity submersible pump and generator of comparable or greater cost. This is a result of a common tendency to oversize generators and pumps, a “bigger “bi gger is better”

mentality mentality

which

persists persi sts not just

within communities but also within Distri D istrict ct Water W ater Offices Offi ces and agencies agenci es who supply the equipment. equipment.

There are also other capital investment investment and running runni ng

costs for generators generators that are not required r equired for solar. solar. (Brian McSorley, 2011) 2011)

25


2.4 Th The e off off-grid -grid system An

off-grid

solar solar PV power power system system is the the stand standal alone one system system provides provides

uninterrupted power to the customer when sun is available. Off-grid system requires the battery storage and Inverter to get the AC power. The solar PV power inverter and batteries shall have limited life and supposed to be replaced at fixed intervals intervals say after 10 years. Advantages: 1. One time truthful Investment Investment 2. Solar power power Grid system comes without noise and pollution pollution 3. After payback period period owner owner can c an enjoy enjoy absolute absolutely ly free of of cost 4. For this this grid grid system diesel diesel is not required (Somasekhar. (Somasekhar. G, 2014) 2014)

2.5 Solar Water Pump Irrigation advantage advantage

water

pumping

Solar

Photovoltaic

(SPV)

theoretically

has

an

in meeting the the needs of remote communities communities because of the the high

distribution distri bution costs of gridgri d-power power to this market and the competitive position with respect to diesel has improved improved with the recent rec ent rising risi ng oil prices. pric es. A surface pump powered with a 1.8 kWp PV array can deliver about 140,000 liters of water on a clear sunny day from a total head of 10 meters. This quantity of water drawn has been found to meet meet the irrigation ir rigation requirement of 5-8 acres of land by using improved techniques techni ques for water water distri distribution. bution. (Amit (Amit Jain, 2012)

In rural and/or undeveloped areas where there is no power grid and more water is needed than what hand or foot pumps can deliver, the choices for powering pumps are usually solar or a fuel driven engine, usually diesel. There are very distinct differences between the two power sources in terms of cost and reliability. 26

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] Diesel pumps are typically characterized by a lower first cost but a very high operation and maintenance cost. Solar is the opposite, with a higher first cost but very low ongoing operation and maintenance costs. In terms of reliability, it is much easier (and cheaper) to keep a solar-powered system going than it is a diesel engine. This is evident in field where diesel engines lie rusting and unused by the thousands and solar pumps sometimes run for years without anyone touching them. (SELF, 2008)

The solar pump has a unique cost structure with very high capital investment and near-zero marginal cost of pumping. This makes it very similar to electric pump owners who face high flat tariff but unlimited use of power (when available) at zero marginal cost. This cost structure will drive away small farmers who want to irrigate irr igate only their own own little little field fi eld;; but it is ideal for potential potential ISPs. A solar solar -pump driven groundwater economy will also promote competitive groundwater markets with highly beneficial outcomes for water buyers who will gain even more with buried pipeline distribution networks such as those obtaining in central Gujarat (Shah, 1993).

Solar pumps offer a clean and simple alternative to fuel-burning engines and generators for domestic water, livestock and irrigation. They are most effective during dry and sunny seasons. They require no fuel deliveries, and very little maintenance. Solar pumps are powered by photovoltaic (solar electric) panels and the flow rate is determined by the intensity of the sunlight. Solar panels have no moving moving parts, par ts, and most have have a warr warranty anty of at least 20 years. Most solar pumps pumps operate without the use of storage batteries. Solar pumps must be optimally selected for the task at hand, in order to minimize the power required, and thus the cost of the system. (lorentz, 2008)

27

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] The following figure indicates, Indicative Technical Specifications of Solar Deep well (submersible) Pumping Systems: (With D.C. Motor Pump Set with Brushes or Brush less D.C. (B.L.D.C.))

Figure 3 Technical Technical Specifications of Solar Submersible Submersible DC Pump Pump

Source: (MNRE, 2013, p. 10)

2.6 Governme Government nt Subsidy for Solar Water Pump With the launch of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) in 2010, the solar water pumping programme of the MNRE was integrated with the off-grid and decentralized component of the JNNSM. There under, solar PV water Pumping Systems are currently eligible for a financial support of 30% subsidy, 28

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] subject to a benchmark price of Rs. 190 per peak watt (Wp) from MNRE. Several states such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Bihar have taken up initiatives to implement solar PV water pumping programs using the financial assistance of JNNSM and funds available from the respective state governments (GIZ, 2013). 2013). A SPV Pumping Pumping System System instal installa lation tion program program has been been taken taken up by the the Horticulture Department of the Government Government of Rajasthan Rajasthan (GOR). (GOR). Applicants Applic ants may avail avail of an 86% subsidy from fr om the Jawaharlal Nehru Nehru National Solar Mission (JNN (J NNSM) SM) and the Rashtr Rashtr iya iy a Krishi Kr ishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY). MNRE MNRE is providi providing ng 30% subsidy under the JNNSM, JNNSM, while the Government Government of Rajasthan Rajasthan through the RKVY makes the remaining 56% available. This is a special scheme by GOR. For other states only MNRE is providing 30% subsidy under the JNNSM. Only 7334 solar PV water pumps having been installed across the country, as of March 2010 (Amit 2010 (Amit Jain, 2012).

The following figure is based on assessment of the impacts of JGS on different stakeholder stakeholder groups in Gujarat. Gujarat.

Figure 4 Im Impacts pacts of the “Jyotigram” “Jyotigr am” scheme scheme on diff diff erent erent stakeholder groups

29

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] Source: (Tushaar Shah, pp. 327-344) Solar-powered agriculture pump sets: 

Currently, the agric agricult ulture ure category category which uses uses pow power for irrigation irr igation pumps pumps contributes around 20 percent of the total power demand of India. The grid power tariff to agriculture segment is heavily subsidized. The power supply is staggered and the network performance inefficient in most cases.



Moreov Moreover, er, the subsidy subsidy burden is increasing inc reasing due to the the increase in conventional power costs thus negatively impacting the financial health of the State and power utilities.



Furthermore, there ther e are a large large number of agric agr iculture ulture pump pump sets that currently use diesel power where there is no grid connection available.



As cost c ost curve cur ves s come c ome down, down, solar power power is well well suited as an alternative alternative solution to meet the power requirements of the agriculture segment. Besides being a clean and convenient source of power, solar power can reduce the subsidy burden on the Government.



To start with diesel, pump sets could be replaced by solar solar-powered -powered pump sets due to favorable cost economics.

Source: (KPMG, 2011)

30


2.7 Ma Market rket Potential of SWP According to to Bloomberg reports, reports, The Indian government is aiming to swap out 26 million fossil-fuel-powered groundwater pumps for solar-powered ones. The pumps are used by farmers throughout the country to pull in water for irrigation, and currently rely on diesel generators or India’s fossil-fuel-reliant electrical grid for power. Pashupathy Gopalan, the regional head of SunEdison, Said that 8 million diesel pumps already in use could be replaced right now. And India’s Ministry of New and Renewable Energy estimates another 700,000 diesel pumps that could be replaced are bought in India every year. Tarun Kapoor, the joint secretary, MNRE said that “Irrigation pumps may be the single largest application for solar in the country” (SPROSS, 2014).

In India nearly 81 million (32.8 per cent) households do not have access to electricity (Census of India, 2011). Around 74 million rural households lack access to modern lighting services (TERI, 2013, p. 380) and a larger proportion of the population (around 840 million) continue to be dependent on traditional biomass energy sources (IEA, Octombe Oct omber, r, 2011). 2011).

There are about 21 million irrigation pump sets in India, of which about 9 million are run on diesel and the rest are grid based (Amit Jain, 2012).

31


Barriers Barr iers

Market Related Barriers

Regularity Issues

Technology Related Barriers

Potential Potenti al Soluti Solutions ons

High Upfront Cost

Smart Subsidies/ Innovative Innovative Finance

Lack of Finance Financ e Mechanisms

Innovative Innovative Customer Behaviour Behaviour// Business Finance Mechanisms

Low awareness among Consumers & other relative shareholders

Awarene Awareness ss Campaig Campaigns ns

Lack of Maintenance Maintenance and Support

Localized Service Infrastructure

Danger of Theft

Portable/ Community Community Owned Owned Systems, Insurance

Restricted Financial Engineering

Innovative Innovative Policies Polici es and Finance Financ e Engineering

Maze of Political Department

“Single“Single-Window” Approach

Lack of Market Oriented Policies

Policies Polic ies Providi Providing ng a level level Playing Field with diesel pumps

Concealed Tendency and Small Landholdings

Tendency Reform, Leasing Mechanisms & Group Investments

Lack of Standardization and Quality Assurance

Standardize product that cater local needs

Lack of Local Manufactures Manufactures

Promotion Promotion of Local Manufacturing

Table 2 Challenges Challenges and Potential Solutions of Solar water pump Source: (GIZ, 2013)

32


3

Research Methodology

33


3.1 Need of the Study The water pump industry in India has become too much competitive to sustain and in this scenario scenar io one needs to be innovative. innovative. And other other side there is demand for solar water pump because there are many farmers who do not have access to electricity for farming in India. India. The point is “Will “ Will this new innovation called solar water pump able to fulfill the demand?” demand?” During my secondary research I found many reports which show comparison of Diesel VS Solar water pump. When we talk of viability of solar water pump for farmers in Indian context, it makes difference because of Indian geographical conditions, farmers’ farmers’ mindset, Indian government’s approach towards solar water pump pump etc. So this issue needs to be discussed with solar water pump users in India and perform cost benefit analysis of diesel vs. solar water pump during my research thesis.

3.2 Primary Survey To identify what is market potential of solar water pump, a structured interview of farmer was taken. The interview includes questions like - what is capacity of solar water pump, what is process of installing SWP, effectiveness of Government subsidy etc. This interview details are shown in Appendix 7.2 and 7.3 and 7.3 .

3.3 Limitation of study Due to time constraint, five structured interviews able to taken of solar water pump users. And this all SWP user belong to north central Gujarat. 

Kheda District Distri ct - 3 Interviews



Gandhinagar Gandhinagar District Distri ct - 1 Interview



Banaskantha District Distric t - 1 Interview 34


4

Cost Benefit Analysis Analysis of

Diesel vs. vs. Solar Sola r Water Water Pump

35


4.1 Costing Assumpti Assumptions: ons: 5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions Particular

Scenario 0 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

No. of Hour Pump Usage /day

1

2

4

8

No. of Sunny Days/ Year

250

250

250

250

No. of Hour Pump Pum p Usage/ Year

250

500

1000

2000

63

63

63

63

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Hike Hike in Diesel Price (%)

10

10

10

10

Total Running Cost (Rs)

26775

53550

107100

214200

Price of Diesel/ litre (Rs)

4

Diesel Usage/ Hour (5HP)

5

Table 3 5hp Diesel Pump Costing Assumptions

Year

Capital Cost Without Subsidy (A)

Capital Cost With 30% Subsidy (D)

Operating Cost (B)

Maintena nce Cost (C)

SWP Cumulative Cost W/O Subsidy (A+B+C)

SWP Cumulative Cost With 30% Subsidy (D+B+C)

1

489400

342580

0

2500

491900

345080

2

0

0

0

2500

494400

347580

3

0

0

0

2500

496900

350080

4

0

0

0

2500

499400

352580

5

0

0

0

2500

501900

355080

6

0

0

0

2500

504400

357580

7

0

0

0

2500

506900

360080

8

0

0

0

2500

509400

362580

9

0

0

0

2500

511900

365080

10

0

0

0

2500

514400

367580

Table 4 5hp SWP Costing With and Without 30% Subsidy

4

http://www.mypetrolprice.com/10/Diesel-price-in-Ahmedabad

5

(Seleshi Bekele Aw Awulachew (IW ( IWMI MI), ), 2009)

36


4.2 Scenario 0 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0) Diesel Pump Cumulative Cost

Capital Cost (A)

Operating Cost (B)

Maintenance Cost (C)

1

30000

26775

5000

61775

61775

491900

345080

2

0

29453

5000

34453

96228

494400

347580

3

0

32398

5000

37398

133625

496900

350080

4

0

35638

5000

40638

174263

499400

352580

5

0

39201

5000

44201

218464

501900

355080

6

0

43121

5000

48121

266585

504400

357580

7

0

47434

5000

52434

319019

506900

360080

8

0

52177

5000

57177

376196

509400

362580

9

0

57395

5000

62395

438590

511900

365080

10

0

63134

5000

68134

506725

514400

367580

Year

Total Cost (A+B+C)

SWP Cost Without Subsidy

SWP Cost With 30% Subsidy

506725

Total

Table 5 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 0)

600000 500000

) s R ( t 400000 s o C e300000 v i t a l u200000 m u C

Diesel Pump SWP without Subsidy SWP With 30% Subsidy

100000 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 10

Break Bre ak Even Duration (Year) (Year)

Figure 5 Breakeven Point in Scenario 0 37


4.3 Scenario 1 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 1) Diesel Pump Cumulative Cost

Capital Cost (A)

Operating Cost (B)


1

30000

53550

5000

88550

88550

491900

345080

2

0

58905

5000

63905

152455

494400

347580

3

0

64795.5

5000

69796

222251

496900

350080

4

0

71275.05

5000 5000

76275

298526

499400

352580

5

0

78402.56

5000 5000

83403

381928

501900

355080

6

0

86242.81

5000 5000

91243

473171

504400

357580

7

0

94867.09

5000 5000

99867

573038

506900

360080

8

0

104353.8

5000

109354

682392

509400

362580

9

0

114789.2

5000

119789

802181

511900

365080

10

0

126268.1

5000

131268

933449

514400

367580

Year

Total Cost (A+B+C)

Total



933449


1000000 900000

) 800000 s R ( 700000 t s o 600000 C e 500000 v i t a l 400000 u m 300000 u C 200000


100000 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 10




4.4

Scenario 2 5hp Diesel Pump Costing (Scenario 2) Diesel Pump Cumulative Cost

Capital Cost (A)

Operating Cost (B)


1

30000

107100

5000

142100

142100

491900

345080

2

0

117810

5000

122810

264910

494400

347580

3

0

129591

5000

134591

399501

496900

350080

4

0

142550.1

5000

147550

547051

499400

352580

5

0

156805.1

5000

161805

708856

501900

355080

6

0

172485.6

5000

177486

886342

504400

357580

7

0

189734.2

5000

194734

1081076

506900

360080

8

0

208707.6

5000

213708

1294784

509400

362580

9

0

229578.4

5000

234578

1529362

511900

365080

10

0

252536.2

5000

257536

1786898

514400

367580

Year

Total Cost (A+B+C)

Total



1786898


2000000 1800000 1600000 1400000 e 1200000 l t i T 1000000 s i x A 800000

Diesel Pump SWP without Subsidy

600000

SWP With 30% Subsidy

400000 200000 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 10




4.5 Scenario 3 5hp Diesel Diesel Pump Costing (Scenar (Scenar io 3) Operating Cost (B)


1

30000

214200 214200

5000

249200

249200

491900

345080

2

0

235620

5000

240620

489820

494400

347580

3

0

259182

5000

264182

754002

496900

350080

4

0

285100.2

5000

290100

1044102

499400

352580

5

0

313610.2

5000

318610

1362712

501900

355080

6

0

344971.2

5000

349971

1712684

504400

357580

7

0

379468.4

5000

384468

2097152

506900

360080

8

0

417415.2

5000

422415

2519567

509400

362580

9

0

459156.7

5000

464157

2983724

511900

365080

10

0

505072.4

5000

510072

3493796

514400

367580

Year

Total

Total Cost (A+B+C)

Diesel Pump Cumulative Cost

Capital Cost (A)



3493796


4000000 3500000

) s 3000000 R ( t s 2500000 o C e2000000 v i t a l 1500000 u m u1000000 C


500000 0 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 10




Particular

Scenario Scenario Scenario Scenario 0

1

2

3

1

2

4

8

250

250

250

250

250 Hour

500 Hour

1000 Hour Hour

2000 Hour

No. of Hour Pump Operating/ day No. of Sunny Days/ Yearr Yea No. of Hour Pump Operating/ Year Break Even Point Without Subsidy Break Even Point With 30% Subsidy

10 Year

7

 

Year

6

4

 

 

Year

3

Year

2

 

 

Year

2 Year

Year

1 Year

 

Table 9 Comparison of break-even point in each scenario of SWP Usage

41


5

Conclusion

From the cost benefit analysis of diesel vs. solar water pump, Conclusion is that if your daily water usage is ranging from 1-2-4-8 hours than respective break even time period is approximately 10-6-4-2 year for Without subsidy and with 30% Central Government Subsidy it is 7.5 - 4.5 - 2.5 - 1.5 year as shown in in Table 9. So, Daily around 8 hour of 5hp solar water pump usage for 250 days per year led to recover cost c ost in 2 year with comparison compari son of 5hp diesel pump. Higher usage usage of water will reduce break even time period. Now, if your usage is less than 8 hour per day than you can recover SWP cost by other ways. Like selling water to others and use solar panel for getting electricity for home lighting and other home appliances.

During primary research in discussion with solar water pump user, one reason why farmer buy solar water pump. And this reason will not able to found in any kind of secondary secondar y researc r esearch. h. Normally, Normally, Farmer buy buy solar water water pump pump mainly because of two two things.

One One is unavailabil unavailability ity of electri electrici city ty at farm and and increasing price of

diesel. The reason is that farmer also buy solar water pump because of land ownership issue. To get electricity connection, farmer need land ownership document and signature of related owners. Normally one can become land owner from his father’s land and father’s land is shared among his children. children. Now to get signatures of all related owner is difficult. So, in this situation to get electricity connection is difficult. So, farmers prefer to buy solar water pump.

42


6

Bibliography

Amin, Amin, R. (n.d.). An Ov Overview erview of Indian Indian Pum Pump Indu I ndust stry. ry. pp. 1-2. Amit Amit Jain, J ain, S. J. (2012). (2012). Is Solar a solution s olution to Blackouts in India: India: A case study s tudy with agricult agriculture ure diesel pumps sets? sets ? Brian McSorley, M. M. (2011). Solar Solar Pumps: A solution s olution to improving improving water security securit y in drought prone areas. Oxham. areas. Oxham. Census of India. (2011). Source of lighting: lighting: 2001-2011, Houselisting Houselis ting and Housing Housing Census Data Highlights Highlights - 2011. Registrar 2011. Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India Indi a (ORGI) (ORGI),, Government Government of India. Indi a. EmCON. (2006). Feasibilit Feasibility y Assessment Assess ment for the Replacement Replacement of Diesel W ater Pumps Pumps with wit h Solar W ater Pumps. Pumps. NAMIB NAMIBIA IAN N RENEW RENEWABLE ABLE ENERGY PROGRAMME (NAMREP). GIZ. (2013). Solar Water Pumping for Irrigation: Potential and Barriers in Bihar, India. Indo-Germa Indo- German n Energy Ener gy Programme (IGEN (I GEN), ), Deutsche Gesellschaft Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. Gupta, Gupta, R. K. (2011). (2011) . The The role r ole of water water technology tec hnology in developm development: ent: a case study study of Gujarat State. (pp. 1-14). Zaragoza, Spain: UN Water. Hu, B. (2012). Solar Panel Anomaly Detection and Classification. W Classification. Wate aterloo: rloo: University of Waterloo. IEA. (Octomber, (Octomber, 2011). 2011). energy for all: financing f inancing access for the the poor. energy for all conference (pp. conference (pp. 19-22). Oslo, Norway: International Energy Agency. K Palanisam Palanisami, i, K. M. M. (2011 ( 2011). ). Spread and Economic Economics s of Micro-i Micro -irri rrigation gation in India: Evidence from Nine States. REVIEW OF AGRICULTURE , 1-6. 43

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] KPMG. (2011). “The Rising Sun - A Point of View on the Solar Energy Sector in India”. Mumbai: India”. Mumbai: KPMG. lorentz. (2008). Solar Water Pumps in Namibia: A Comparison Between Solar And Diesel. MNRE. (2013). Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission - SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PHOTOVOLTAIC W ATER PUMPING SYSTEMS. SYSTEMS. Seleshi Seleshi Bekele Awulachew Awulachew (IW (I W MI), P. L. (2009). Pumps Pumps for small-sc small -scale ale irrig irri gation. IWMI. SELF. (2008). A (2008). A COST AND AND RELIABILITY RELIABILITY COMPARISO COMPARISON N BETWEEN BETWEEN SOLAR SOLAR AND DIESEL DIESEL POW POW ERED PUMPS. PUMPS. Solar Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF). Shah. (1993). Groundwater markets and irrigation development: Political economy and practical policy policy.. Bombay: Oxford University . Shah, T. (2008). Crop per Drop of Diesel! Energy-Squeeze Energy-Squeeze on India’s Smallholder Irrigation. Anand, India: Indi a: International Internati onal Water W ater Management Management Institute, . Shamaila Zia, T. A. (2012). easibility Assessment Ass essment of photov photovoltaic oltaic pumping pumping for irrigation in West Bengal, India. 1. India. 1. Institute Institute of Agricultural Engineering (440e) Universität Universität Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany 2. Indian Indi an Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India. Shiv Lal, P. K. (2013). (2013) . Techno Techno-ec -economic onomic analysis analysi s of solar photovoltaic photovoltaic based submersible water pumping system for rural areas of an Indian state Rajasthan . Science Scienc e Journal of Energy Engineering Engineering , 1-4. Singhi_Advisors. (2011). Pump & Valve Industry – Industry – Overview Overview & Opportunities. Somasekhar. Somasekhar. G, B. G. (2014). (2014) . Marketing Methodology Methodology of Solar PV Power Power Packs. Pac ks. IOSR Journal Journal of Economics Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) (IOSR -JEF),, 38-43.

44

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] SPROS SPROSS, S, J. (2014, (2014, February 7). India Wants To Switch 26 Million Water W ater Pumps Pumps To Solar Power Instead Of Diesel . Retrieved Retrieved April Apri l 15, 2014, from f rom http://thinkprogress.org: http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/02/07/3265631/india-solar-pumpswap/ taiyosol taiyosolar.in. ar.in. (n.d.). solarpump. solarpump. Retri Retriev eved ed may 20, 2014, from f rom taiy taiyosolar: osolar: http://taiyosolar.in/solarpump.html TATA . (2013). Indian Pumps and Industrial Valves Market. TATA TATA Strategic management group. TERI. (2013). TERI Energy Energy Data Directory Direct ory & Yearbook Yearbook (TEDDY) 2012/13. TERI 2012/13. TERI Publication. The Times Times of India. (2013, March 4). Power-full’ Power-full’ Gujarat giv es es 24-hour electricity . Retri Retriev eved ed May 10, 2014, 2014, from indiatimes.com: indiatimes.c om: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Power-full-Gujarat-gives-24-hourelectricity/articleshow/18786012.cms Tushaar Shah, S. V. (n.d.). Real-time Real-ti me Co-management Co-management of Electrici Electri city ty and Groundwater: Groundwater: An Assessment of Gujarat’s Pioneering ‘Jyotirgram’ Scheme. International W ater Management Management Institute, Anand, India.

45


7

Appendix

46


7.1 List of Solar PV Wat Water er Pumping Systems Tested and Qualified Qualif ied at Solar Energy Center during the the year y ear 2012-13 2012 -13 N o 1

File No. & Issue Date 0837/11/CSC/ SEC/Pump 27.12.2011

2

0861/11/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012

3

43/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012

4

44/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012

5

93/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 8.6.2012

6

95/2012/CSC/ SEC/Pump 15.06.2012

7

115/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 11.07.2012

Pump submitted by

Pump system

PV array

Type & Head

M/s JJPV solar Pvt Ltd., Vill Veraval (Shapar), Dist. Rajkot- 360024, Gujarat (India)

M/s Groundfos

M/s JJPV solar Pvt. Ltd.

Submersible 3HP DC pump, Head 30 meter

M/s JJPV solar Pvt Ltd., Vill Veraval (Shapar), Dist. Rajkot- 360024, Gujarat (India)

M/s Rotomag

M/s JJPV solar Pvt. Ltd.

Centrifugal 2 HP DC surface pump, Head 10 meter

M/s Span pumps Pvt. Ltd., 104,Arihant, 1187/26, Shivaji nagar, Pune-411005, India

M/s Groundfos

M/s Surana Telecom & Power Ltd, Hyderabad

Submersible 0.5 HP DC pump, Head 30 meter

M/s VRG Energy India Pvt. Ltd., 128, Backbone shopping center, Rajkot360064, Gujarat, India

M/s Groundfos Model: SQF 8A-5

M/s PV Power Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai

Submersible DC pump, Head 30 meter

M/s Moserbaer (I) Ltd., 66, Udyog Vihar, Greater Noida, G.B. Nagar (UP)-201306, India

M/s Sun Pump, USA

M/s Moserbaer (I) Ltd.

Submersible DC Pump, Head 30 meter 2 HP

M/s WAREE Energies (P) Ltd., 602, Western Edge-1, Borivali (E), Mumbai-4000066, India

M/s Lorentz Pump Model: PS 1800 SJ8-7

M/s WAREE Energies (P) Ltd.

Submersible 2HP DC Pump, Head 30 meter

M/s Central Electronics Limited, 4, Industrial area, Sahidabad, Ghajiabad (U.P)201010

M/s Lorentz Pump

M/s Central Electronics Limited

Submersible DC Pump, Head 30 meter 4.6 HP

47

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] 8

113/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 08.08.2012

9

247/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 8.11.2012

10

244/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 9/11/2012

11

226/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 9/11/2012

12

248/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 27/11/2012

13

243/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 29/11/2012

14

249/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump

M/s BSES Yamuna Power Limited, Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, New Delhi

M/s Lorentz Pump Model:PS1800 CSJ5-12

M/s WAREE Energies (P) Ltd.

Submersible 2HP DC Pump, Head 30 meter

M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Plastic Park, P.O. Box 72, N.H. No. 6, Jalgaon425001 M/s Shakti Pumps (India) Ltd., Plot No. 401402-413, Sector -3, Pithampur, Dhar-454775, Madhya Pradesh

M/s Lorentz Pump

M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd.

Deep well 3HP DC pump , Head 50 meter

M/s Shakti Pumps (India) Ltd.

M/s PV Power Technologies Pvt. Ltd.

Submersible 5HP AC deep well monoblock pump, Head 50 meter

M/s HBL Power systems Ltd., Plot No. 263, Patparganj Industrial Area, Delhi110092

M/s Kirlosker Brothers Ltd

M/s HBL Power systems Ltd.

Submersible 3HP AC deep well monoblock pump, Head 50 meter

M/s Topsun Energy Ltd., B-101,GIDC, Electronic Zone, Sector-25, Gandhinagar- 382028, Gujarat, INDIA M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 90,Nathabhai Estate,Near Jashodanagar Cross, Ahmedaba Ahmedabad-380 d-380026, 026, Gujarat, India

M/s Mono Pumps Ltd.

M/s Topsun Energy Ltd.

Centrifugal 3HP DC Submersible Deep Well pump, Head :50 meters

M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd.

M/s Green Brilliance Energy Pvt. Ltd.

3HP DC Submersible mono-block pump, Head 50 meter

M/s Duke Plasto Technique Pvt. Ltd.

M/sPV Powertech

Centrifugal 5HP AC Submersible Submersible Deep Well Pump, Head :50 meters,

M/s Duke Plasto Technique Pvt. Ltd. N.H. 14, Deesa Highway, Badarpura Dist: Banaskuntha, Palanpur-385511, North Gujarat, India

48


15


M/s Punchline Energy Pvt. Ltd. 328 Phase 2, Udyog, Vihar Gurgaon, Haryana 122016,India

M/s Shroffs Engineering Ltd

M/s Kotak Urja Private Ltd

Submersible Deep well pump, 3HP AC Pump, Head: 50 Meters

29/11/2012 16

257/201213/CSC/SEC /Pump 30/11/2012

M/s BSES Yamuna Power Limited Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, New Delhi-110032

M/s Grundfos, Denmark

M/s Kotak Urja, Bangalore

Centrifugal Submersible 1HP DC pump, Head: 30 Meters

17

115/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 24/12/2012

M/s Central Electronics Limited 4, Industrial Area, Area, Sahibabad Sahibabad Ghaziabad (U.P) – (U.P) – 201010

M/s Rotomag

M/s Central Electronics Limited

18


M/s JJPV Solar Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 236, Plot No.2, Near Vikas Stove, NH-8 NH-8 B, Village Veraval-Shaper, Dist: Rajkot-360024 Gujarat,

M/s Shakti Pumps (I) Ltd.

M/s JJPV Solar Pvt. Ltd.

Centrifugal 2HP DC Surface mono-block pump, 10 Meters Submersible 3HP AC Pump, 50 Meters

M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Plastic Park, P.O. Box: 72, N. H. No. 6, Jalgaon425001

M/s Lorentz Pump

26/12/2012

19

247/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 04.02.2013

20

316/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 21.02.2013

21


M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd.

M/s Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited, 2, Kanakpura Industrial Area, Area, Jaipur-3 Jaipur-3 02012, 02012, Rajasthan

M/s Rotomag

M/s Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited

M/s Alpex Exports Pvt. Ltd., 81/2, 1st floor, Sri Aurobin Aurobindo do Marg,, Near Near Hero Honda Showroom,

M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd

M/s Alpex Exports Pvt. Ltd.

Submersibl e 2HP DC pump, 50 Meters

Shallow well 3HP DC Pump Head :20 Meters

Submersible 2HP DC Pump, 30 Meters

49

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] 18.02.2013 22

309/201213/CSC/SEC/ Pump 05.03.2012

23

315/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 20.03.2012

24

276/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 07/03/2013

25

324/2013/CSC/ SEC/Pump 21/03/2013

Adhchini, New Delhi110017 M/s Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jain Plastic Park, P.O. Box: 72, N. H. No. 6, Jalgaon425001

M/s Lorentz

M/s Jain Irrigation Pvt. Ltd.

Submersibl e 3HP DC pump, 20 Meters

M/s BSES Yamuna Power Limited, Shakti Kiran Building, Karkardooma, New Delhi-110032

M/s Grundfos

M/s Kotak Urja Pvt. Ltd.

Submersible 1 HP DC Deep Well pump , 30 Meters

M/s Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd. 602, Western edge-1, Western Express Highway, Borivali (E), Mumbai-400066, India

M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd.

M/s Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd.

Submersible 3HP DC, Deep Well pump , 50 Meters

M/s Bright Solar Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 90, Nathabhai Estate, Near Jashodanagar Cross, Ahmedaba Ahmedabad-380 d-380026, 026, Gujarat, India

M/s PUMPMAN

M/s Waaree Energies Pvt. Ltd.

Submersible 5 HP DC Deep Well pump , 50 Meters

50


7.2 List of Questions and Respons Responses es during SWP User Interview

51


52


53


54


55


7.3 List of Images of Site location location where Interview conducted of SWP SW P Users during T hesis Research Research st

7.3.1 1 Interview sit s ite e location

Figure 9 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (1) near Hirapur Chokdi

56

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] nd

7.3.2 2 I Interview nterview site location


57

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] rd

7.3.3 3 Interview site location


58


th

7.3.4 4 Int Interview erview site location

Figure 12 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (4) near Palanpur

59

CEPT/ MTM/ AM0712/ Kevin Kovadia/ [email protected] th

7.3.5 5 Int Interview erview site location

Figure 13 Site location of Solar Water Pump User (5) near Ghamij Village

______ _________ _____ __

60

Market Potential for Solar Water Pumping System and Cost Benefit Analysis of Diesel vs. Solar Pump - Research Thesis Report

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