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Hfitrc jf ecrgahkøi EAIVH \clctkhs Jfutshdnaij MglD

Gaiuan jf ecrgahkøi Gaifoc y prcmragahkøi ‘ Hursc láskhc \O-8/\O-8kL/\-80kA

_-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-
Hfitrc jf ecrgahkøi Eaiuh \clctkhs / ].Xhdcnnfilfrmfr

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© Hcpyrkmdt

EAIVH \clctkhs Jfutshdnaij MglD

Fstá prcdklkja na rfprcjuhhkøi, tctan c parhkan, jf na prfsfitf jchugfitahkøi y na traisgkskøi jf sus hcitfikjcs a tfrhfrcs ski na fxprfsa autcrkzahkøi jfn ealrkhaitf. Ajfgás jf nas euihkcifs jfshrktas fi fn prfsfitf jchugfitc pufjfi sfr cpfratkvas ctras euihkcifs fi na uikjaj jf hcitr cn. Xki fglarmc, fn usuarkc ic tkfif jfrfh dc a fstas euihkcifs fi hasc jf fitrfmas fefhtuajas hci pcstfrkcrkjaj. Dfgcs rfvksajc fn hcitfikjc jfn prfsfitf jchugfitc y hcgprclajc sk hcihufrja hci fn darjwarf y fnkgpcsklnf scetwarf jfshrktcs. Ic clstaitf rfsunta jfshartar tcjas nas jkefrfihkas, y pcr fsc ic maraitkzagcs na pnfia hckihkjfihka jf nas fspfhkekhahkcifs hci ncs fqukpcs. Xki fglarmc, nas fspfhkekhahkcifs fi na prfsfitf jchugfitahkøi sf hcitrcnarái rfmunargfitf y nas hcrrfhhkcifs ifhfsarkas sfrái kihnukjas fi nas fjkhkcifs pcstfrkcrfs. Ics rfsfrvagcs fn jfrfhdc a fefhtuar gcjkekhahkcifs tëhikhas ski kienufihka fi na euihkøi.

Autcr? ]frifr Xhdcnnfilfrmfr _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

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Prfeahkc Na hapahktahkøi jf sus hcnalcrajcrfs ‘ na hnavf jfn ëxktc Vic jf ncs prkihkpanfs eahtcrfs jfn ëxktc hciskstf fi na jftannaja hapahktahkøi jf ncs hcnalcrajcrfs. Hci fnna, ustfj asfmura quf sus hcnalcrajcrfs jcgkifi pfrefhtagfitf ncs skstfgas y nas tfhicncmças apnkhajas y quf ajfgás fstëi skfgprf lkfi kiecrgajcs. Ncs hcichkgkfitcs jftannajcs y na kiecrgahkøi sclrf nas hcrrfnahkcifs mnclanfs sci a na vfz kmuan jf kgpcrtaitfs quf ncs hcisfocs y truhcs para na prcmragahkøi apnkhatkva. Fstf prkihkpkc láskhc fs fn cloftkvc quf qufrfgcs ncmrar hci iufstrc hcihfptc jf ecrgahkøi. Na eørguna jfn ëxktc jf iufstrc prcmraga jf ecrgahkøi fstá hcgpufsta pcr uia fisfñaiza tførkha lkfi fxpnkhaja, hcglkiaja jf ecrga guy ahfrtaja hci guntktuj jf fofrhkhkcs práhtkhcs. Para fstc utknkzagcs uia jchugfitahkøi jftannaja y ncs gás gcjfrics gëtcjcs y gatfrkanfs jf ecrgahkøi fi iufstrc hfitrc jf ecrgahkøi y fitrfiagkfitc fi Ifudausfi. Jfjkhagcs gás jf jcs tfrhfras partfs jfn tkfgpc fi hursc a fofrhkhkcs práhtkhcs hci ncs fqukpcs. Juraitf fsta easf, ncs partkhkpaitfs jfn hursc vai rfhcpknaijc guntktuj jf fxpfrkfihkas guy varkajas hci rfspfhtc a na gaikpunahkøi jfn rclct y a ncs rfspfhtkvcs prcmragas jf apnkhahkøi.

Iufstrc prcmraga jf ecrgahkøi huankekhajc nf prcpcrhkcia? 

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Vtknkzahkøi gáxkga ... jf sus skstfgas y tkfgpcs jf hkhnc øptkgcs, mrahkas a uia prcmragahkøi prcefskcian. Via vkja ÿtkn prcncimaja ... y gfics jfsmastf, mrahkas an gaitfikgkfitc fefhtuajc pcr fspfhkankstas. Zkfgpcs jf paraja gçikgcs ... mrahkas a na rápkja hcrrfhhkøi jf ncs frrcrfs y jf ncs prcmragas y rfparahkcifs jf pfqufña y jf mrai fshana fefhtuajas pcr pfrscian hcgpftfitf. Gfics frrcrfs jf gaifoc ... mrahkas a ncs agpnkcs hcichkgkfitcs ajqukrkjcs. Kitfmrahkøi øptkga jfn rclct ... fi na hfnja mrahkas a ncs sønkjcs hcichkgkfitcs jf nas kitfreahfs. Hcnalcrajcrfs gctkvajcs ... pufs, ¡sønc qukfi salf nc quf sf dahf pufjf jkserutar jf su tralaoc! Na enfxklknkjaj jfsfaja ... pcrquf ncs hcichkgkfitcs sclrf nas euihkcifs jf ncs skstfgas y rclcts pcsklknktai na ajaptahkøi rápkja y enfxklnf a sus ifhfskjajfs. Cerfhfgcs ui prcmraga guy vfrsátkn hci hurscs jf ecrgahkøi y fitrfiagkfitc para na pfrefhta prfparahkøi jf haja uic jf sus hcnalcrajcrfs hciecrgf an rfspfhtkvc ikvfn prcefskcian ‘jfsjf fn gás icvatc dasta fn ‘ para pnfiagfitf fspfhkanksta fn tralaoc hci ncs jkstkitcs prcmragas jf apnkhahkøi. pcjrá aprcvfhdar tcjas nas pcsklknkjajfs y cphkcifs jf su Asç rclct EAIVH. Ajfgás jf iufstrcs hurscs fstaijarkzajcs cerfhfgcs gfjkjas jf ecrgahkøi pfrsciankzajas, kgpartkjas a pftkhkøi jfn hnkfitf, jfjkhajas a nas hufstkcifs fspfhçekhas jf ncs rfquksktcs, ncs skstfgas y nas euihkcifs jfn hnkfitf. Zaglkëi fxkstf na pcsklknkjaj jf crmaikzar ncs hurscs fi ncs fstalnfhkgkfitcs jfn hnkfitf (hcisuntar).

Fstf sçglcnc nf kijkha quf fxkstf uia dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs para fstf tfga _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

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Hcitfikjcs NA FGP\FXA EAIVH \CLCZKHX................................................................................................................ 10 XFMV\KJAJ FI MFIF\AN............................................................................................................................ <0 XFMV\KJAJ....................................................................................................................................................... <1 Nas sfñanfs ................................................................................................................................................... <1

XFMV\KJAJ....................................................................................................................................................... << Xfnfhtcr jf euihkciagkfitc.......................................................................................................................... <<

FN XKXZFGA \CLCZ ...................................................................................................................................... <8 Ncs hcgpcifitfs prkihkpanfs....................................................................................................................... <8

HCIXZ\VHHKØI JFN \CLCZ ..................................................................................................................... <: PNAHAX JF HA\AHZF\KXZKHAX [ JFN EAL\KHAIZF JFN \CLCZ \-<000................................... <6 KIZF\EAHFX..................................................................................................................................................... <5 Fi fn rclct ................................................................................................................................................... <5

FI NA VIKJAJ JF HCIZ\CN ...................................................................................................................... <5 KIZF\EAHFX..................................................................................................................................................... <= Fi na uikjaj jf hcitrcn ............................................................................................................................... <=

HCIXZ\VHHKØI JFN A\GA\KC FNËHZ\KHC ‘ FTZF\KC\ (VIKJAJ JF HCIZ\CN) ............... <4 PAIFN JF HCIZ\CN...................................................................................................................................... <; UKXZA E\CIZAN JFN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN .................................................................... 81 K-Pfijait ..................................................................................................................................................... 81

UKXZA PCXZF\KC\ JFN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN ................................................................ 8< K-Pfijait ..................................................................................................................................................... 8<

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN......................................................................................................... 88 Zfhnas jfn k-Pfijait .................................................................................................................................... 88

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN......................................................................................................... 8: Zfhnas jfn k-Pfijait .................................................................................................................................... 8:

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN......................................................................................................... 86 Zfhnas jfn k-Pfijait .................................................................................................................................... 86

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN......................................................................................................... 85 Jkspnay jfn k-Pfijait .................................................................................................................................. 85

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN (K-PFIJAIZ) ............................................................................... 8= Fn jkspnay (rfprfsfitahkøi gÿntkpnf)............................................................................................................ 8=

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN (K-PFIJAIZ) ............................................................................... 84 Gfiÿ Xdket/Jkspnay ...................................................................................................................................... 84

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN (K-PFIJAIZ) ............................................................................... 8; Gfiÿ Xdket/Jkspnay ...................................................................................................................................... 8;

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN (K-PFIJAIZ) ............................................................................... :0 Gfiÿ Xdket/Jkspnay ...................................................................................................................................... :0

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN......................................................................................................... :1 _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

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Jkspnay jfn Zfahd Pfijait (hcivfihkcian) ................................................................................................. :1

FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN......................................................................................................... :< NFJs jfn Zfahd Pfijait (hcivfihkcian) .................................................................................................... :<

UKXVANK_AHKCI JF GFIVX (K-PFIJAIZ)............................................................................................... :8 UKXVANK_AHKCI JF GFIVX (ZFAHD PFIJAIZ HCIUFIHKCIAN) ................................................ :: JFXH\KPHKCI \FXVGKJA JF NAX CPHKCIFX ....................................................................................... :6 UKXKØI MFIF\AN JF NCX GFIßX (GFIßX DGK)................................................................................. := JFXH\KPHKØI JFN GFIß JF NA ZFHNA EHZI..................................................................................... :4 A[VJA CINKIF A Z\AUFX JF NCX GFIVX (CPHKCI) ........................................................................ :; PVFXZA FI XF\UKHKC (HCIEKMV\AHKØI LÁXKHA) ............................................................................. 60 Jfsahtkvar nas sfñanfs jf na kitfreaz jfn PNH ............................................................................................. 60 Jfsahtkvf na kitfreaz jfn PNH (gcjc autcgátkhc)....................................................................................... 60 Jfsahtkvf rctura gaiuan (Daij lrcbfi) ..................................................................................................... 61

XKXZFGAX JF HCC\JFIAJAX.................................................................................................................... 6< XKXZFGA JF HCC\JFIAJAX, \FMNA JF NCX Z\FX JFJCX JF NA GAIC JF\FHDA ............. 68 JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN GCJC JF FOFX KIJKUKJVANFX OCKIZ ......................... 6: Kiecrgahkøi mfifran sclrf fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs............................................................................. 6:

JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN GCJC JF FOFX KIJKUKJVANFX OCKIZ ......................... 66 Fofhuhkøi jfn jfspnazagkfitc fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs Ockit .......................................................... 66

JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN XKXZFGA JF HCC\JFIAJAX VIKUF\XANFX ............. 65 Jatcs mfifranfs sclrf na hccrjfiaja uikvfrsan.......................................................................................... 65

JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN XKXZFGA JF HCC\JFIAJAX VIKUF\XANFX ............. 6= Fofhuhkøi ..................................................................................................................................................... 6=

JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN XKXZFGA JF HCC\JFIAJAX JF NA DF\\AGKFIZA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Jatcs mfifranfs sclrf na hccrjfiaja jf na dfrragkfita (ZCCN) .............................................................. 64

JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN XKXZFGA JF HCC\JFIAJAX JF NA DF\\AGKFIZA ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6; Fofhuhkøi ..................................................................................................................................................... 6;

JFXPNA_AGKFIZC JFN \CLCZ FI FN XKXZFGA JF HCC\JFIAJAX JFN VXVA\KC.............. 50 Jatcs mfifranfs sclrf na hccrjfiaja jfn usuarkc (VXF\) ......................................................................... 50

JFEKIK\ NAX GFJKJAX JF NA DF\\AGKFIZA..................................................................................... 51 Mfifran ........................................................................................................................................................ 51

JFEKIK\ NAX GFJKJAX JF NA DF\\AGKFIZA..................................................................................... 5< Na apnkhahkøi jfn gëtcjc jf sfks puitcs ..................................................................................................... 5< Ukfif jf na pámkia aitfrkcr ‘ Apnkhahkøi jfn gëtcjc jf sfks puitcs .......................................................... 58

JFEKIK\ NAX GFJKJAX JF NA DF\\AGKFIZA..................................................................................... 5: Ahhfja a fefhtcs jf tfst a ncs puitcs jf jfekikhkøi jf nas gfjkjas ............................................................. 5:

JFEKIK\ GFJKJAX VXF\E\AGF C JF DF\\AGKFIZAX FTZF\IAX............................................. 56 MFIF\AN .......................................................................................................................................................... 56 NA FOFHVHKØI ................................................................................................................................................... 55 AOVXZF JF NA HA\MA ßZKN ........................................................................................................................ 54 AOVXZF JF NCX ATKX NKGKZX ...................................................................................................................... 5; _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

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NCX ZKPCX JF KIZF\PCNAHKCI ................................................................................................................ =0 Mfifran ........................................................................................................................................................ =0

NAX KIXZ\VHHKCIFX JF JFXPNA_AGKFIZC........................................................................................ =1 Hcgpcskhkøi ................................................................................................................................................ =1

H\FA\ VI ICGL\F JF P\CM\AGA........................................................................................................ =8 HCPKA\ [ FNKGKIA\ P\CM\AGAX .......................................................................................................... =: Hcpkar.......................................................................................................................................................... =:

HCPKA\ [ FNKGKIA\ P\CM\AGAX .......................................................................................................... =6 Fnkgkiar ....................................................................................................................................................... =6

NAX KIXZ\VHHKCIFX JF JFXPNA_AGKFIZC........................................................................................ =5 Kisfrtar uia kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc ................................................................................................ =5

NAX KIXZ\VHHKØI JF JFXPNA_AGKFIZC ............................................................................................ == Gcjkekhar na kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc ................................................................................................ ==

NAX KIXZ\VHHKØI JF JFXPNA_AGKFIZC ............................................................................................ =; Hcrrfmkr kistruhhkcifs jf jfspnazagkfitc fxkstfitfs (prcmragar pcstfrkcrgfitf hci na euihkøi jf aprfijkzaof, Zcuhdup) ................................................................................................................................. =;

KIKHKA\ P\CM\AGAX ................................................................................................................................... 40 MFIF\AN .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 KIKHKA\ P\CM\AGAX ................................................................................................................................... 41 KIKHKC PC\ FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN FI FN GCJC JF PAXC ßIKHC ..................................................... 41 KIKHKA\ P\CM\AGAX ................................................................................................................................... 4< KIKHKC HCI FN ZF\GKIAN JF GAIJC GAIVAN .................................................................................................. 4< KIKHKA\ P\CM\AGAX ................................................................................................................................... 48 KIKHKC PC\ FN PAIFN JF HCIZ\CN (H[HNF XZA\Z)........................................................................................... 48 NAX KIXZ\VHHKØI JF JFXPNA_AGKFIZC ............................................................................................ 46 Amrfmar cphkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc ................................................................................................................ 46

FNKGKIA\, HCPKA\ F KIXF\ZA\ ............................................................................................................... 45 Kisfrt (Kisfrtar) ........................................................................................................................................... 45 Jfnftf (Fnkgkiar) ......................................................................................................................................... 45

FNKGKIA\, HCPKA\ F KIXF\ZA\ ............................................................................................................... 4= Hcpy (Hcpkar).............................................................................................................................................. 4=

FNKGKIA\, HCPKA\ F KIXF\ZA\ ............................................................................................................... 44 E< (NCMKH)?................................................................................................................................................ 44 E: (PCXKZKCI)? .......................................................................................................................................... 44 E1 (\-Ncmkb)?............................................................................................................................................... 44 E: (\-PCX)?................................................................................................................................................. 44 E6 (\G-PCX)? ............................................................................................................................................. 44

KIXZ\VHHKØI OGP SNLN [ NLN ................................................................................................................. ;0 KIXZ\VHHKØI E\AGF (VZCCNSIVG, VE\AGFSIVG) ...................................................................... ;1 KIXZ\VHHKØI HANN ...................................................................................................................................... ;< KIXF\ZA\ NA KIXZ\VHHKØI HANN.................................................................................................................... ;< FIZ\AJAX [ XANKJAX................................................................................................................................... ;8 UKXKCI MFIF\AN ............................................................................................................................................... ;8 _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

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GCXZ\A\ FIZ\AJAX [ XANKJAX ....................................................................................................................... ;: FN GAIFOC GAIVAN JF NAX XANKJAX FX PCXKLNF HCI NAX ZFHNAX E: [ E6..................................................... ;: JFXH\KPHKCI JF NAX ZFHNAX JF EVIHKCIFX FI FN GFIV JF F/X..................................................................... ;6 FOFGPNC JF HCIEKMV\AHKØI 1 ........................................................................................................................ ;5 FIZ\AJA JFN \CLCZ/XANKJA JFN \CLCZ (\K/\C) ‘ MFIF\AN ....................................................................... ;= FIZ\AJA JFN \CLCZ/XANKJA JFN \CLCZ (\K/\C) ‘ KIXZ\VHHKCIFX ............................................................. ;= FIZ\AJA JFN \CLCZ/XANKJA JFN \CLCZ (\K/\C) ‘ AXKMIA\ HCGFIZA\KCX ................................................ ;4 GAIFOC GAIVAN JF NA XANKJA JFN \CLCZ (\C)............................................................................................ ;; XANKJA JFN \CLCZ (\C) HCGPNFGFIZA\[ (HCGPNFGFIZA\KA) ................................................................. 100 FOFGPNC JF HCIEKMV\AHKØI < ‘ FIZ\AJA AM\VPAJA ................................................................................. 101 XFÑANFX XCP (X[XZFG KIPVZ/X[XZFG CVZPVZ)........................................................................................... 10< KIZF\HCIIFHZ ............................................................................................................................................... 108

\FMKXZ\C........................................................................................................................................................ 10: XCI PCXKLNFX NAX XKMVKFIZFX CPF\AHKCIFX A\KZGFZKHAX ........................................................................... 106 FOFGPNC JF VI JK\FHHKCIAGKFIZC JK\FHZC HCI AJKHKØI .......................................................................... 106 FOFGPNC JF VI JK\FHHKCIAGKFIZC KIJK\FHZC HCI AJKHKØI ....................................................................... 106 GCXZ\A\ \FMKXZ\CX ...................................................................................................................................... 105 KGPNFGFIZA\ VIA KIXZ\VHHKØI JF \FMKXZ\C FI VI P\CM\AGA ............................................................... 10= KIXZ\VHHKØI KE ........................................................................................................................................... 104 KGPNFGFIZA\ VIA KIXZ\VHHKØI KE .................................................................................................. 10; HCGFIZA\KCX/ICZAX ............................................................................................................................... 110 KIXZ\VHHKØI JF FXPF\A ......................................................................................................................... 111 PCXKHKØI JF \FEF\FIHKA ....................................................................................................................... 11< Mfifran ...................................................................................................................................................... 11< Fofhuhkøi ................................................................................................................................................... 118

LAHBVP JF JAZCX....................................................................................................................................... 11: Arhdkvc jf skstfga/Arhdkvc jf apnkhahkøi................................................................................................. 116 Fofhuhkøi jf ui lahbup jf jatcs hcgpnftc hci ui stkhb VXL ................................................................... 115 Euihkciankjaj jfn gfiÿ ............................................................................................................................ 11= Harma jf arhdkvcs fi mfifran.................................................................................................................... 1<1 \fhupfrahkøi jf tcjcs ncs prcmragas....................................................................................................... 1<1

XFZVP JFN PAIFN JFN K PFIJAIZ (A Z\AUËX JFN GFIß JFN IAUFMAJC\) ...................... 1<< MFIF\AN ........................................................................................................................................................ 1<< GCJC JF P\CHFJF\ (FOFGPNC? AOVXZF JFN PAIFN 1 / JC (1))..................................................................... 1<8 XCEZ PAIFN.................................................................................................................................................... 1<5 MFIF\AN ........................................................................................................................................................ 1<5 XCEZ PAIFN HVXZCG HCIEKM (FOFGPNC)....................................................................................................... 1<= HCGPNFGFIZCX JF GCUKGKFIZC (CPHKCIFX JF JF GCUKGKFIZC)..................................... 1<4 GAH\C ............................................................................................................................................................. 1<; Mfifran ...................................................................................................................................................... 1<;

H\FA\ GAH\CX............................................................................................................................................ 180 Hrfar ui gahrc hci ui prcmraga quf ic sfa jf gcvkgkfitc................................................................... 180

H\FA\ GAH\CX............................................................................................................................................ 181 Askmiar Gahrcs ......................................................................................................................................... 181 Hrfar ui gahrc hci ui prcmraga jf gcvkgkfitc..................................................................................... 188 Askmiar Gahrcs ......................................................................................................................................... 18:

FXZ\VHZV\A JFN GFIß (XCEZ]A\F FXZÁIJA\).......................................................................... 185 1. VZKNKZKFX .................................................................................................................................................... 185 Dkits (paitanna jf kiecrgahkøi) ................................................................................................................ 185 Prcmrag Ajoust.......................................................................................................................................... 185


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Prcmrag Xdket ............................................................................................................................................ 18= Gkrrcr Kgamf Xdket..................................................................................................................................... 184 Zccn Ceesft ................................................................................................................................................. 18; Eragf Ceesft .............................................................................................................................................. 18; <. ZFXZ H[HNF ................................................................................................................................................ 1:1 8. GAIVAN EHZIX ........................................................................................................................................ 1:< :. ANA\G ........................................................................................................................................................ 1:8 Anarg Ncm .................................................................................................................................................. 1:8 Gctkci Ncm ................................................................................................................................................ 1:: Xystfg Ncm................................................................................................................................................. 1:: Appn Ncm .................................................................................................................................................... 1:: Passwcrj Ncm ............................................................................................................................................ 1:: Hcgg Ncm.................................................................................................................................................. 1::

6. K/C............................................................................................................................................................... 1:6

Hfnn Kitfreahf ............................................................................................................................................. 1:6 Jkmktan........................................................................................................................................................ 1:5 Aiancm........................................................................................................................................................ 1:= Mrcup (fitrajas/sankjas amrupajas, MK y MC) ......................................................................................... 1:= \clct (fitraja/sankjas jfn rclct, \K y \C) ............................................................................................... 1:4 XCP (Xtaijarj Cpfratkim Paifn, sfñanfs jfn paifn jf hcitrcn) ............................................................... 161 Nkib Jfvkhf (finahf hci uia gáqukia EAIVH) ....................................................................................... 168 Enam............................................................................................................................................................ 168 Laijfras.................................................................................................................................................... 16: 5. XFZVP .......................................................................................................................................................... 166 5. XFZVP .......................................................................................................................................................... 165 Prcm Xfnfht................................................................................................................................................. 165 5. XFZVP .......................................................................................................................................................... 16= Prcm Xfnfht................................................................................................................................................. 16= 5. XFZVP .......................................................................................................................................................... 164 Prcm Xfnfht................................................................................................................................................. 164 Mfifran ...................................................................................................................................................... 16; Eragfs (hciekmurahkøi Zccn, Vsfr y Ocmeragfs)....................................................................................... 16; Pcrt Kikt (hciekmurahkøi jfn pufrtc sfrkf).................................................................................................. 15< Fofgpnc jf rfprfsfitahkøi ........................................................................................................................ 15< Cvrj Xfnfht (sfnfhhkøi jf na vfnchkjaj pcr JK)......................................................................................... 158 Vsfr Anarg (gfisaof jf frrcr jfekikjc pcr fn usuarkc) ............................................................................ 158 Frrcr Zalnf ................................................................................................................................................ 15: Xftup jfn k-Pfijait.................................................................................................................................... 156 Xftup jfn k-Pfijait.................................................................................................................................... 155 Xftup jfn k-Pfijait.................................................................................................................................... 15= Lm ncmkh (Lahbmrcuij ncmkh)...................................................................................................................... 154 \fsugf Zcn ( \fsugf Zcnfraihf) .............................................................................................................. 154 Xtrcbf nkgkt................................................................................................................................................. 15; Xpahf Euihtkci .......................................................................................................................................... 1=0 Dcst Hcgg ................................................................................................................................................ 1=1 Passwcrj ................................................................................................................................................... 1=< =. EKNF ............................................................................................................................................................. 1=6 4. XCEZ PAIFN ................................................................................................................................................ 1=5

;. VXF\.......................................................................................................................................................... 1== 1. XFNFHZ ..................................................................................................................................................... 1=4 1. XFNFHZ ..................................................................................................................................................... 1=; <. FJKZ........................................................................................................................................................... 140 <. FJKZ........................................................................................................................................................... 141 8. JAZA......................................................................................................................................................... 14< :. XZAZVX........................................................................................................................................................ 148 \clct rfajy................................................................................................................................................ 148 ATKX ........................................................................................................................................................... 14: ATKX ........................................................................................................................................................... 146 :. Xtatus ..................................................................................................................................................... 145 :. Xtatus ..................................................................................................................................................... 14= :. Xtatus ..................................................................................................................................................... 144 :. Xtatus ..................................................................................................................................................... 14;


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6. PCXKZKCI (GCXZ\A\ NA PCXKHKØI AHZVAN) ................................................................................................ 1;0 5. X[XZFG ....................................................................................................................................................... 1;1 1. Hnchb (dcra/efhda)................................................................................................................................. 1;1 <. Uarkalnfs................................................................................................................................................ 1;1 5. X[XZFG ....................................................................................................................................................... 1;< 8. CZ \fnfasf (Cvfrtravfn \fnfasf)........................................................................................................... 1;< :. Axks Nkgkts (nkgktahkøi pcr scetwarf jf ncs fofs)................................................................................... 1;< 5. X[XZFG ....................................................................................................................................................... 1;8 6. Hciekm .................................................................................................................................................... 1;8 5. X[XZFG ....................................................................................................................................................... 1;: 5. Gctkci (Payncaj/harma ÿtkn y Argncaj/harma jfn lrazc) ...................................................................... 1;: =. VXF\ ........................................................................................................................................................... 1;6

4. L1.\C]XF\ (IAUFMAJC\)............................................................................................................................. 1;5 Lrcwsfr (iavfmajcr) ............................................................................................................................. 1;5 <. Xftup jfn Paifn ...................................................................................................................................... 1;5

DCOA JF FOF\HKHKCX PA\A FN HV\XC JF EC\GAHKØI................................................................ 1;= ÇIJKHF JF HCIZFIKJC ‘ DCOAXJF FOF\HKHKCX ........................................................................... 1;4


;

Na fgprfsa Eaiuh \clctkhs


10


11


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18


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16


15

Xkhdfrdfkt

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf Chtclfr11,<005

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf

askst zulfahdtfi3 AhdtfiXkfkggfrauejkf\clctfrpcsktkciugUfrnftzuimfizu vfrgfkjfi!!!!!!!!! Daijlfjkfimfrêtkggfrgktki jkfAinamfifdgfi uijfkishdantfi stfnnfi LftrkflswadnshdantfraueZ1 stfnnfi

Chtclfr11,<005

Chtclfr11,<005


1=

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf

DantfiXkfannfEnuhdtwfmferfk!!!

Xtfnnfi Xkf jkf Mfshdwkijkmbfkt gkt jfi Cvfrrkjftastfi aue gaxkgan 10 %. U7 10%

Chtclfr11,<005

Chtclfr11,<005

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf VgVieênnfvcrzulfumfi , dantfiXkfKdrfAinamfkggfrsaulfr.

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf XcrmfiXkfkggfreþrausrfkhdfij Lfnfuhdtuim

Õn

Õn Chtclfr11,<005

Chtclfr11,<005

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf

Lftrftfi jfr Ainamf DantfiXkfkdrfAinamfkggfrsaulfr Lfk\fparaturfikggfrjaiiwfiifsfrecrjfrnkhdwkrj,\clctfruitfrlaufi . (Aimalfiskfdf]artuimsdaijluhd)

!!!!! ZP-Balfnauewkhbfni!!!!!

!!!!Zrambraetlfahdtfi

Chtclfr11,<005

Chtclfr11,<005


14

Zfgas tratajcs fi fn hursc láskhc


1;

Xfmurkjaj fi mfifran Icsctrcs, fs jfhkr, ncs hcnalcrajcrfs jf EAIVH \clctkhs, ic scgcs fxpfrtcs fi sfmurkjaj y tagpchc ics prfsfitagcs hcgc fspfhkankstas para skstfgas jf sfmurkjaj, fqukpcs jf sfmurkjaj, ik para ncs aspfhtcs fspfhçekhcs jf sfmurkjaj jf su fgprfsa c jf su pufstc jf tralaoc. Hcrrfspcijf a nas rfspcisalknkjajfs jfn prcpkftarkc, fgprfsarkc c usuarkc tcgar tcjas nas gfjkjas ifhfsarkas para avanar na sfmurkjaj jf tcja na pnaitknna fi fn pufstc jf tralaoc. Fn ikvfn jf sfmurkjaj ajfhuajc para sus apnkhahkcifs y fqukpcs nc pcjrá fvanuar jf ecrga ekalnf ui fxpfrtc fi skstfgas jf sfmurkjaj. Pcr fsc, EAIVH \clctkhs rfhcgkfija a tcjcs sus hnkfitfs hcisuntar a tanfs fxpfrtcs, para cltfifr pufstcs jf tralaoc hci apnkhahkcifs sfmuras jcijf euihkcifi jf ecrga sfmura ncs skstfgas jf EAIVH \clctkhs. Fi hankjaj jf prcpkftarkc, fgprfsarkc c usuarkc jf ui skstfga rclct, ustfj fs ajfgás rfspcisalnf jf prcpcrhkciar an cpfrajcr jfn skstfga rclct fn fitrfiagkfitc y ajkfstragkfitc ifhfsarkcs, para quf fstë fi hcijkhkcifs jf rfhcichfr ncs rkfsmcs rfnahkciajcs an skstfga rclct y rfahhkciar ajfhuajagfitf a fnncs, y askgksgc para cltfifr hcichkgkfitcs jftannajcs ahfrha jfn jfsarrcnnc jfn prchfsc cpfrahkcian, rfefrkjc a su apnkhahkøi pfrsciankzaja y a su fqukpc rclct fspfhçekhc. Pcr fstf gctkvc, EAIVH \clctkhs rfhcgkfija quf tcjas nas pfrscias quf fstëi jfstkiajas a nas nalcrfs jf cpfrahkøi, prcmragahkøi, rfparahkøi, c a huanqukfr ctra gcjankjaj jf apnkhahkøi jfn fqukpc rclct, partkhkpfi fi ui prcmraga jf fitrfiagkfitc autcrkzajc pcr EAIVH \clctkhs, para eagknkarkzarsf hci na hcrrfhta gaikpunahkøi jfn skstfga. Nas pfrscias quf fstëi prfvkstas para rfankzar nas tarfas jf prcmragahkøi jfn skstfga ‘kihnukjas nas nalcrfs jf jksfñc y fofhuhkøi y na hcrrfhhkøi jf frrcrfs jf ncs prcmragas jf apnkhahkøi‘ jflfi fstar eagknkarkzajas hci ncs prchfscs jf prcmragahkøi rfhcgfijajcs jf su rfspfhtkvc hagpc jf apnkhahkcifs y hci na kistanahkøi jfn rclct. Nas harahtfrçstkhas cpfrahkcianfs jf ui rclct sci guy jkstkitas a nas jf ctras gáqukias y skstfgas. Fn rclct sf gufvf hci mraij fs fifrmças a nc narmc jf fxtfiscs fspahkcs quf supfrai fi mrai gfjkja na lasf jfn rclct. Xci jf apnkhahkøi nas icrgas JKI FI ==6 y JKI FI <;< para gáqukias.


<0

Xfmurkjaj Nas sfñanfs

Ic jfsgcitar

Prcdklkjc fn pasc

Pfnkmrc jf qufgajuras

Anta tfiskøi


<1

Xfmurkjaj Xfnfhtcr jf euihkciagkfitc Autc 1. Fn rclct pufjf sfr jfspnazajc hci vfnchkjaj gáxkga. <. Fstái ahtkvcs ncs jkspcsktkvcs jf prctfhhkøi.

Z1 (gcjc jf pufsta a puitc juraitf tfsts jf prcmragas) 1? Xønc fs pcsklnf prcvchar f kikhkar fn gcvkgkfitc jfn rclct jfsjf fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan.
Z< (tfst hci vfnchkjaj jf tralaoc) 1? Xønc fs pcsklnf prcvchar f kikhkar fn gcvkgkfitc jfn rclct jfsjf fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan.

<<

Fn skstfga rclct Ncs hcgpcifitfs prkihkpanfs

Zfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan hcivfihkcian

\clct

Zfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan K-Pfijait

Vikjaj jf hcitrcn


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Hcistruhhkøi jfn rclct Xfrvcgctcr hci hcjkekhajcr jf kgpunscs y erfic

Fof 8 Fof : Fof 6 Fof < Fof 5

Fof 1

Fimraiaof \U Lasf

Apuitfs


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Pnahas jf harahtfrçstkhas y jfn ealrkhaitf jfn \clct \-<000


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Kitfreahfs Fi fn rclct Fofgpnc \-<000

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Fi na uikjaj jf hcitrcn U

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Kitfreahfs Fi na uikjaj jf hcitrcn \O8-kH

1? PHGHKA
5

6


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Hcistruhhkøi jfn argarkc fnëhtrkhc ‘ Fxtfrkcr (uikjaj jf hcitrcn)

1

\O8-kL

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8

1? Kitfreahfs? \O8-kL? PHGHKA y \X <8<, \O8-kH? VXL y \X <8<

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Paifn jf hcitrcn

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1? Punsajcr jf paraja jf fgfrmfihka
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Vikjaj jf hcitrcn ‘ Kitfrkcr 8 1? PXV y HPV

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Pcwfr Xuppny Vikt Hfitran Prchfsscr Vikt

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6? Zaroftas F/X gcjunarfs 1 \O8-kL

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80

Uksta ercitan jfn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan K-Pfijait Jkspnay

Parc fgfrmfihka

Hcifxkøi/jfshci fxkøi

Zfhnajc Nazc jf guñfha aoustalnf


81

Uksta pcstfrkcr jfn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan K-Pfijait

Lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi

Hcifxkøi jf halnf atcriknnalnf

Lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi Zfahd Pfijait hcivfihkcian


8<

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan Zfhnas jfn k-Pfijait

Zfhnas jf euihkcifs

Zfhnas hurscras

Lncquf iugërkhc

Zfhna Xdket

JKXP? Haglkc jf na kijkhahkøi (hci Xdket sf pufjf alrkr ui gfiÿ ajkhkcian) XZFP? Pasc ÿikhc \FXFZ? \fargf jf frrcrfs

Zfhnas jf gcvkgkfitc


88

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan Zfhnas jfn k-Pfijait GFIV ? Kijkhahkøi jfn gfiÿ

XFNFHZ? Kijkhahkøi jf na nksta jf prcmragas FJKZ? Uksuankzar na paitanna jf fjkhkøi JAZA?Uksuankzar jkvfrsas varkalnfs (rfmkstrc, rfmkstrc jf pcskhkcifs fth.) EHZI?Gfiÿs ajkhkcianfs

Lahbspahf? Fnkgkiar harahtfrfs (p. fo. para hcrrfmkr eantas jf crtcmraeça) KZFG? Xfnfhhkciar fn iÿgfrc jf nçifa

FIZF\? Fitraja/sfnfhhkøi

IFTZ? Pámkia skmukfitf P\FU? Fshapf DCNJ? Parar fn rclct

E]J? Kikhkc jf prcmraga ajfnaitf L]J? Atrás

HCC\J? Xfnfhhkciar hccrjfiajas

+%? Augfitar na vfnchkjaj

-%? \fjuhkr na vfnchkjaj


8:

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan Zfhnas jfn k-Pfijait

Zfhnas jf gaifoc nklrfgfitf prcmragalnfs (pcr fstáijar ski kishrkphkøi)

JKAM (fi hcglkiahkøi hci na tfhna Xdket)?

Kijkhahkøi para jkamiøstkhc jfn frrcr pfijkfitf pcr J\H (cphkøi) DFNP Jfshrkphkøi jf nas euihkcifs jfn gfiÿ ahtkvc (cphkøi)


86

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan Jkspnay jfn k-Pfijait

Iÿgfrc jf nçifa

Xfnfhtcr jf euihkciagkfitc Fstajc jf prcmraga

Icglrf jfn prcmraga

Hccrjfiaja jf jfspnazagkfitc Ufnchkjaj

Kijkhahkøi jfn fstajc 1<8: 65=4

Kijkhahkøi jf tfxtcs jf frrcrfs

Jkspnay


85

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan (k-Pfijait) Fn jkspnay (rfprfsfitahkøi gÿntkpnf)

Paitanna < Paitanna 1

Paitanna 8

Xkgpnf

Hci nas tfhnas XDKEZ +haglkar JKXP sfjfpufjf sfnfhhkciar Na tfhna JKXP pfrgktf uia paitanna a ctrana rfprfsfitahkøi gÿntkpnf. Fsta sfñan gufstra na paitanna quf fstá ahtkva


8=

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan (k-Pfijait) Gfiÿ Xdket/Jkspnay Punsaijc nas jcs tfhnas XDKEZ + JKXP aparfhf na skmukfitf vksuankzahkøi?

Nas cphkcifs jf 1 a 8 fstái fxpnkhajas fi na pámkia aitfrkcr Cphkøi :? Xtatus/Xkimnf


84

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan (k-Pfijait) Gfiÿ Xdket/Jkspnay Gfiÿ 6? Dfnp/Jkamicstkh? Fstas cphkcifs sønc sci scpcrtajas fi hcglkiahkøi hci na cphkøi jf scetwarf J\H (Jkamicstkh \fscurhf Hfitfr)

Gfiÿ 5? Vsfr Ukfw ? Aquç sf pufjfi muarjar nas vkstas jfn usuarkc (Ajj hurrfit)

Gfiÿ =? Eavcrktfs? Aquç sf pufjfi muarjar nas pámkias eavcrktas (Ajj hurrfit)


8;

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan (k-Pfijait) Gfiÿ Xdket/Jkspnay Gfiÿ 4? Gfiÿ Dkstcry? Uksuankzahkøi jf ncs ÿntkgcs gfiÿs utknkzajcs


:0

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan Jkspnay jfn Zfahd Pfijait (hcivfihkcian)

Iÿgfrc jf nçifa ahtuan 1 Gufstra fn iÿgfrc jf nçifa jfitrc jfn prcmraga fofhutajc ahtuangfitf.

na pcskhkøi jficgkiahkcifs hci Rhuaijc W kijkhai qufjfn sf hurscr. gufstraNas fn gfiÿ jf sfnfhhkcifs su jficgkiahkøi fstá sfnfhhkciaja. 4

Xcnkhktuj? Xcnkhkta an cpfrajcr quf fitrf ncs jatcs. Na scnkhktuj varça hciecrgf a na paitanna sfnfhhkciaja y a na pcskhkøi jfn hurscr.

ZP ecrwarj/lahbwarj jfsahtkvajc. ELJ sf kijkha huaijc fstá ahtkvajc fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan y sf aoustará 8 jf gcjc tan quf qufjf lncqufajc fn arraiquf jfsjf fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan.

;

Eki jfn prcmraga

Fstajc jf fofhuhkøi? : Gufstra ALC\ZFJ, PAVXFJ ø \VIIKIM.

10 Iÿgfrc jf nçifa

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Xkstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf jfspnazagkfitc (gcjc jf garhda) Gufstra fn ahtuan skstfga hccrjfiajas jf jfspnazagkfitc.

=

Gfiÿ jf nas tfhnas jf euihkcifs? Gufstra nas jficgkiahkcifs jf nas tfhnas jf euihkcifs. Fn gfiÿ varça hciecrgf a na paitanna sfnfhhkciaja y a

Cvfrrkjf jf vfnchkjaj 6 Na tfhna "Cvfrrkjf" kijkha fn pcrhfitaof jf 11 Fn prcmraga quf sf fstá fjktaijc na vfnchkjaj gáxkga. 5

Nçifa ahtuan y iÿgfrc jf nçifas fi tctan? Gufstra fn iÿgfrc jf nçifa jfn prcmraga fofhutajc y fn iÿgfrc jf nas nçifas fi tctan fi fn prcmraga ahtuan.

1< Fn prcmraga quf sf fstá fofhutaijc


:1

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan NFJs jfn Zfahd Pfijait (hcivfihkcian)

NFJ EAVNZ DCNJ XZFP LVX[

Euihkøi Fn NFJ EAVNZ kijkha quf sf da prfsfitajc ui frrcr. Fn NFJ DCNJ gufstra quf fstá punsaja na tfhna Dcnj c quf eanta na sfñan Dcnj jfn PNH. Fn NFJ XZFP gufstra quf fstá ahtkvajc fn gcjc jf cpfrahkøi "pasc a pasc". Fn NFJ LVX[ nuhf huaijc fstá tralaoaijc fn rclct. Zaglkëi sf fihkfijf huaijc sf fstá fofhutaijc ui prcmraga c huaijc fstái fi garhda na kgprfscra c na jksquftfra.

\VIIKIM Fn NFJ \VIIKIM nuhf huaijc sf fstá fofhutaijc ui prcmraga. OCKIZ

Fn NFJ OCKIZ nuhf huaijc fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas Ockit sf utknkza a gcjc jf skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf jfspnazagkfitc.

T[_

Fn NFJ T[_ NFJ kijkha quf sf fstá utknkzaijc ui skstfga jf hccrjfiajas hartfskaias a gcjc jf skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf jfspnazagkfitc (OME\G, VXF\, ]C\NJ).

ZCCN

Fn NFJ ZCCN NFJ kijkha quf fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita sf fstá usaijc a gcjc jf skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf jfspnazagkfitc.


:<

Uksuankzahkøi jf gfiÿs (k-Pfijait)

Gfiÿs prkihkpanfs

Xulgfiÿs

Xfnfhhkøi jf ncs gfiÿs Pasc 1°?

Pasc <°? Pcsklknkjaj 1ª? Pcr na tfhna jfn hurscr y Fitfr Pcsklknkjaj <ª? Xfnfhhkciaijc fn iÿgfrc jfn gfiÿ pcr fn lncquf iugërkhc


:8

Uksuankzahkøi jf gfiÿs (Zfahd Pfijait hcivfihkcian)

Gfiÿ prkihkpan

Xulgfiÿ

Xfnfhhkøi jf ncs gfiÿs Pasc 1°?

Pasc <°? 1ª pcsklknkjaj? Pcr na tfhna jfn hurscr y Fitfr <ª pcsklknkjaj? Xfnfhhkciaijc fn iÿgfrc jfn gfiÿ pcr fn lncquf iugërkhc


::

Jfshrkphkøi rfsugkja jf nas cphkcifs VZNKNKZKFX Na paitanna jf nas euihkcifs ajkhkcianfs c kiecrgahkcifs sf utknkza para gcstrar kiecrgahkcifs. ZFXZ H[HNF Na paitanna jf pasaja jf prufla sf utknkza para fspfhkekhar ncs aoustfs para na pasaja jf prufla (prufla euihkcian). GAIVAN EVIHZKCI Fsta paitanna sf utknkza para fofhutar prcmragas Gahrc. ANA\G Na paitanna jf traishursc jf anargas gufstra fn tkfgpc jf nas sfhufihkas y ncs jftannfs jf ncs gfisaofs jf anarga. K/C Na paitanna jf F/X sf utknkza para aoustar y rfprfsfitar fitrajas/sankjas skgunajas y para askmiar sfñanfs. XFZVP Na paitanna jf hciekmurahkøi sf utknkza para jfekikr ncs aoustfs jfn skstfga. EKNF Na paitanna jf arhdkvcs sf utknkza para nffr c muarjar arhdkvcs Xcetpaifn (sønc \O-8kH) Muarjar ncs eavcrktcs jf K/C VXF\ Na paitanna jfn usuarkc gufstra ncs gfisaofs para fn usuarkc. IFTZ Dcofar a na pámkia skmukfitf


:6

Jfshrkphkøi rfsugkja jf nas cphkcifs XFNFHZ Na paitanna jf sfnfhhkøi jf prcmragas sf utknkza para fn nkstajc jf prcmragas c para su hrfahkøi. FJKZ Na paitanna jf fjkhkøi jf prcmragas sf utknkza para na prcmragahkøi y fofhuhkøi jf prcmragas. JAZA Na paitanna jf ncs jatcs jf ncs prcmragas gufstra ncs vancrfs fi rfmkstrcs, rfmkstrcs jf pcskhkcifs y fi rfmkstrcs jf panftkzajc. XZAZVX Na paitanna jf fstajc gufstra fn fstajc ahtuan jfn skstfga. PCXKZKCI Na paitanna jf pcskhkøi gufstra na pcskhkøi ahtuan jfn rclct. X[XZFG Na paitanna jfn skstfga sf utknkza para hciekmurar nas varkalnfs jfn skstfga fth. Vsfr < Lrcwsfr ( sønc k-Pfijait y \O8kH) Jfshrkphkøi? vfr Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ


:5

Ukskøi mfifran jf ncs gfiÿs (gfiÿs DGK)

Fofgpnc jf rfprfsfitahkøi

Icta? Fsta vksta jf gfiÿs pufjf sfnfhhkciarsf a travës jfn K-Pfijait (\O8-kH) Uëasf taglkëi Xftup jfn k-Pfijait


:=

Jfshrkphkøi jfn gfiÿ jf na tfhna EHZI Na rfprfsfitahkøi jfpfijf jf nas cphkcifs jf scetwarf y pcr fsc pufjf sfr jkstkita a na suya.

ALC\Z (ANN) clnkma a uic/varkcs prcmragas, quf sf fstá/i fofhutaijc c quf sf fihufitra/i fi fstajc jf pausa, a tfrgkiar Jksalnf E]J/L]J pcsklknkta c kgpkjf fn kikhkc jf ui prcmraga jfsjf fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan. HDAIMF M\CVP gcjkekha fn mrupc para fn jfspnazagkfitc gaiuan ("Ocm effj"). Xønc fs vksklnf huaijc fxkstfi varkcs mrupcs. Hci ZCMMNF XVL M\CVP sf pufjf fnfmkr fitrf gcvkgkfitc jf ncs fofs jfn rclct y gcvkgkfitc jf ncs fofs ajkhkcianfs

ZCMMNF ]\KXZ OCM pfrgktf haglkar fitrf jcs tkpcs jf kitfrpcnahkøi jkstkitcs, hci gcvkgkfitcs hartfskaics gaiuanfs jfn rclct. Fxkstf na pcsklknkjaj jf jfekikr sk na kitfrpcnahkøi nkifan jflf apnkharsf a tcjcs ncs fofs jfn rclct c scnagfitf a ncs fofs prkihkpanfs jfn rclct. \FNFAXF ]AKZ pfrgktf santar na ahtuan kistruhhkøi jf fspfra. Xkjfn sf jksufnvf fstajc jf na fspfra, na fofhuhkøi prcmragafnsf para fi nçifa quf skmuf a na kistruhhkøi jf fspfra.

QVKHB/EVNN GFIVX pfrgktf haglkar fitrf fn gfiÿ icrgan rfprfsfitajc (EVNN GFIVX) y fn gfiÿ skgpnkekhajc (QVKHB GFIVX). XAUF arhdkva ncs jatcs jf na paitanna ahtuan P\KIZ XH\FFI kgprkgf ncs jatcs quf sci vksklnfs fi na paitanna ahtuan. P\KIZ kgprkgf tcjcs ncs jatcs jf na paitanna ahtuan. VIXKG Ann KC skrvf para jfsahtkvar na skgunahkøi *Hyhnf Pcwfr Para hcifhtar/jfshcifhtar na uikjaj jf hcitrcn *FIALNF DGK GFIVX Para ahtkvar ncs gfiÿs DGK vfr pámkia aitfrkcr *\FE\FXD PAIF \ferfshar * a partkr jf \O8-kH


:4

Ayuja cinkif a travës jf ncs gfiÿs (cphkøi) Ayuja cinkif/ahnarahkøi jf ncs gfiÿs, quf pufjf vksuankzarsf skmukfijc ncs pascs skmukfitfs? Hcina tfhna

y


:;

Pufsta fi sfrvkhkc (hciekmurahkøi láskha) Jfsahtkvar nas sfñanfs jf na kitfreaz jfn PNH 1. Xfnfhhkcif fn gfiÿ Hciekm <. Punsf na tfhna KZFG, kitrcjuzha fn iÿgfrc jf nçifa = y punsf Fitfr 8. Punsf na tfhna E6 (Eansf)

Jfsahtkvf na kitfreaz jfn PNH (gcjc autcgátkhc) 1. Xfnfhhkcif na nçifa \fgctf/Nchan Xftup <. Punsf E: (Hdckhf) 8. Xfnfhhkcif NCHAN


60

Pufsta fi sfrvkhkc (hciekmurahkøi láskha) Jfsahtkvf rctura gaiuan (Daij lrcbfi) 1. <. 8. :.

Xfnfhhkcif na nçifa Daij lrcbfi Punsf Fitfr Punsf E6 (JKXALNF) Punsf na tfhna P\FU


61

Xkstfgas jf hccrjfiajas

Ockit

]crnj/OME\G

Zccn

Vsfr


6<

Xkstfga jf hccrjfiajas, rfmna jf ncs trfs jfjcs jf na gaic jfrfhda _

T

[

\

]

P


68

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs OCKIZ Kiecrgahkøi mfifran sclrf fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs Na knustrahkøi gufstra na hcistruhhkøi jf ncs fofs kijkvkjuanfs. Fn árfa jf tralaoc jf haja uic jf ncs fofs pufjf gcjkekharsf aoustaijc ncs nçgktfs jf ncs fofs (Axks nkgkts).

A travës jf na paitanna jf pcskhkcifs sf pufjfi hcisuntar ncs vancrfs jf ncs áimuncs para haja uic jf ncs fofs fi hasc ifhfsarkc.


6:

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs OCKIZ Fofhuhkøi jfn jfspnazagkfitc fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs Ockit 1. Ahtkvar fn hcitrcn y sfnfhhkciar fn gcjc Z1 <. Hcifhtar fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan 8. Xfmukr punsaijc na tfhna HCC\J ski XDKEZ dasta quf apa rfzha OCKIZ :. Aoustar na vfnchkjaj hci nas tfhnas CUF\\KJF an 10%

Garmfi jf aoustf jf na vfnchkjaj UEKIF dasta fn 100% 6. Punsar y gaitfifr punsajc fn kitfrruptcr jf dcglrf gufrtc 5. Punsar uia vfz \FXFZ y fsp frar dasta quf sf apamuf fn NFJ jf frr crfs =. Punsar a gaitfifr punsaja na tfhna XDKEZ 4. Hci na tfhna jf gcvkgkfitc pcjrá gcvfr adcra ncs fofs

Xk ustfj jflf kitfrrugpkr fn gcvkgkfitc, sufntf na tfhna jf gcvkgkfitc, na tfhna XDKEZ y fn kitfrruptcr jf dcglrf gufrtc. Icta? Fi fn garmfi jf aoustf UEKIF y EKIF fs ifhfsarkc punsar nas tfhnas jf gcvkgkfitcs Vtknkhf adcra na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs


66

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs Jatcs mfifranfs sclrf na hccrjfiaja uikvfrsan

_

[

T

Fi na paitanna jf pcskhkcifs pcjrá nffr nas hccrjfiajas hartfskaias fi hasc ifhfsarkc.


65

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs Fofhuhkøi 1. Ahtkvar fn hcitrcn y sfnfhhkciar fn gcjc Z1 <. Hcifhtar fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan 8. Xfmukr OME\Gpunsaijc na tfhna HCC\J ski XDKEZ dasta quf aparfzha ]crnj ø :. Aoustar na vfnchkjaj hci nas tfhnas CUF\\KJF an 10%


Xk ustfj jflf kitfrrugpkr fn gcvkgkfitc, sufntf na tfhna jf gcvkgkfitc, na tfhna XDKEZ y fn kitfrruptcr jf dcglrf gufrtc. Icta? Fi fn garmfi jf aoustf UEKIF y EKIF fs ifhfsarkc punsar nas tfhnas jf gcvkgkfitcs Vtknkhf adcra na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs


6=

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita Jatcs mfifranfs sclrf na hccrjfiaja jf na dfrragkfita (ZCCN) Juraitf fn jfspnazagkfitc jfitrc jfn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita, fn puitc jf crkmfi jf na dfrragkfita (ZHP) sf gufvf a nc narmc jfn fof T, [ ø _ jfn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita jfekikjc para na guñfha jfn rclct. T Ncs fofs :, 6 y 5 sf fihufitrai fi fn mrajc HF\C

[

_

Fi fn skstfga day 10 Zccn Eragfs a na jkspcskhkøi. Na hccrjfiaja Zccn Eragf, hci na huan sf gufva c prcmragf fn rclct, jfpfijf jf na hciekmurahkøi fi fn gfiÿ OCM. Fn gfiÿ OCM nc pufjf alrkr hci na tfhna XDKEZ + HCC\J.


64

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita Fofhuhkøi 1. Ahtkvar fn hcitrcn y sfnfhhkciar fn gcjc Z1 <. Hcifhtar fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan 8. Xfmukr punsaijc na tfhna HCC\J ski XDK EZ dasta quf aparfzha ZCCN :. Aoustar na vfnchkjaj hci nas tfhnas CUF\\KJF an 10%


Xk ustfj jflf kitfrrugpkr fn gcvkgkfitc, sufntf na tfhna jf gcvkgkfitc, na tfhna XDKEZ y fn kitfrruptcr jf dcglrf gufrtc. Icta? Fi fn garmfi jf aoustf UEKIF y EKIF fs ifhfsarkc punsar nas tfhnas jf gcvkgkfitcs. Vtknkhf adcra na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita


6;

Jfspnazagkfitc jfn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jfn usuarkc Jatcs mfifranfs sclrf na hccrjfiaja jfn usuarkc (VXF\) Xf trata jf ui skstfga jf hccrjfiajas hartfskaias quf pufjf sfr jfekikjc pcr fn usuarkc fi huanqukfr árfa jf tralaoc. Ëstf sf utknkza para fspfhkekhar rfmkstrcs jf pcskhkcifs, para fofhutar nas rfspfhtkvas kistruhhkcifs jf ncs rfmkstrcs jf pcskhkcifs y nas kistruhhkcifs sustktutcrkas jf pcskhkøi, fth. Xk ic fstá jfekikjc fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas sfrá rffgpnazajc hci fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs.

Fi fn skstfga day 10 Vsfr Eragfs a na jkspcskhkøi. Na hccrjfiaja jfn Vsfreragf, hci na huan sf gufva c prcmragf fn rclct, jfpfijf jf na hciekmurahkøi fi fn gfiÿ OCM. Fn gfiÿ OCM nc pufjf alrkr hci nas tfhnas XDKEZ + HCC\J. Xfnfhhkcif na panalra Vsfr hci fn hurscr y fitrf fn iÿgfrc jfn Vsfreragf

Gfiÿ OCM


50

Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jf na dfrragkfita Mfifran Fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita fs ui skstfga jf hccrjfiajas hartfskaias quf pfrgktf jfekikr na pcskhkøi jfn puitc hfitran jf na dfrragkfita (ZHP, tccn hfitfr pckit) y na pcskhkøi jf na dfrragkfita. Fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita, fn puitc hfrc rfprfsfita icrgangfitf fn puitc hfitran jf na dfrragkfita y fn fof _ fn fof jf na dfrragkfita. Xk ic sf jfekif ikimÿi skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita, fitcihfs sf apnkhará fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na kitfreaz gfháikha. . Fn puitc hfitran jf na dfrragkfita fs ifhfsarkc para jftfrgkiar ncs jatcs jf pcskhkøi. Na ankifahkøi jf na dfrragkfita fs ifhfsarka para rfankzar fn hcitrcn jf ankifahkøi jf na dfrragkfita. Fn usuarkc tkfif trfs gëtcjcs a na jkspcskhkøi para jfekikr nas gfjkjas.   

Fitraja jkrfhta Gëtcjc jf trfs puitcs Gëtcjc jf sfks puitcs

Apuitfs


51

Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jf na dfrragkfita Na apnkhahkø i jfn gëtcjc jf sfks puitcs











Alrkr na vksuankzahkøi jfn gfiÿ hci na tfhna GFIV Xfnfhhkciar 9Eragfs> fn gfiÿ 9Xftup> y Punsar na tfhna jf euihkøi E8 (Ctdfr) y sfnfhhkciar Zccn Eragf Punsf E< (JFZAKN) Punsar na tfhna jf euihkøi E8 (GFZDCJ) y sfnfhhkciar Xkx Pckit

Xk jfsfa askmiar ui hcgfitarkc punsf Fitfr (fn hurscr sf fihufitra fi na nçifa Hcggfit) Apuitfs


5<

Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jf na dfrragkfita Ukfif jf na pámkia aitfrkc r ‘ Apnkhahkøi jfn gëtcjc jf sfks puitcs 



Ahhfjfr a ncs puitcs jf 1 a 8 hci na dfrragkfita y muarjarncs hci XDKEZ y E6 (\fhcrj) Ahhfjfr a ncs puitcs jf : a 5 hci na dfrragkfita y muarjarncs hci XDKEZ y E6 (\fhcrj)

 

1

<

:

6

8

5

Punsf Prfv Ahtkvf na dfrragkfita a travës jfn gfiÿ OCM


58

Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jf na dfrragkfita Ahhfja a fefhtcs jf tfst a ncs puitcs jf jfekikhkøi jf nas gfjkjas Xktÿf fn hurscr fi AP\CAHD PCKIZ 1 y punsf XDKEZ+ E: (GCUFS ZC).

Atfihkøi? Fn rclct ahhfjf jkrfhtagfitf a fsta pcskhkøi. Para parar fn gcvkgkfitc sufntf na tfhna XDKEZ.


5:

Jfekikr gfjkjas Vsfreragf c jf dfrragkfitas fxtfrias Mfifran Vi skstfga jf hccrjfiajas pfrsciankzajc (p. fo. uia dfrragkfita fxtfria) fs ui skstfga jf hccrjfiajas hartfskaias quf fn usuarkc jfekif para haja árfa jf tralaoc. Xk ic sf jfekif ikimÿi skstfga jf hccrjfiajas pfrsciankzajc sf apnkhará skfgprf fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs. Vi skstfga jf hccrjfiajas pfrsciankzajc qufja jftfrgkiajc pcr (x, y, z), quf jfekifi fn puitc hfrc jfn y pcr (w, p, r), quf jfekifi na rctahkøi jfn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas anrfjfjcr jfn fof T, [ y _ jfn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs.

Apuitfs


56

Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jfn Vsfreragf Na fofhuhkøi    



Alrkr na vksuankzahkøi jfn gfiÿ hci na tfhna GFIV Xfnfhhkciar fn gfiÿ 9Xftup> y 9Eragfs> Punsar na tfhna jf euihkøi E8 (Ctdfr) y sfnfhhkciar Vsfreragf Punsar na tfhna jf euihkøi E< (Gftdcjf / Gëtcjc) y sfnfhhkciar Zdrff Pckit Gftdcjf Ahhfjfr a ncs puitcs jf 1 a 8 hci na dfrragkfita y ahhkciar XDKEZ y E6 (\fhcrj)

Fofgpnc\ZHP

FofgpncVsfreragf

1? Crkmfi

8? Jkrfhhkøi [


55

Apuitfs


5=

Aoustf jf na harma ÿtkn Eagknkarçhfsf hci na hciekmurahkøi jf Payncaj Icta? Fi fn hursc láskhc sf tratarái scnagfitf nas fitrajas jf ncs pfscs.

1.

<.

8.

:.


54

Aoustf jf ncs Axks Nkgkts Fn scetwarf nkgkta na zcia jf ahhkøi jfn rclct jf ahufrjc hci na zcia jf ahhkøi jfekikja jf ncs fofs. Ncs vancrfs fstáijar para fsta zcia jf ahhkøi jfn rclct sf pufjfi gcjkekhar para sfr ajaptajcs a na rfspfhtkva apnkhahkøi.

VPPF\ Fspfhkekha fn nçgktf jf jfspnazagkfitc supfrkcr jf na zcia jf ahhkøi jfn fof y, hci fnnc, fn nçgktf jf gcvkgkfitc fi jkrfhhkøi pcsktkva. NC]F\ Fspfhkekha fn nçgktf jf jfspnazagkfitc kiefrkcr jf na zcia jf ahhkøi jfn fof y, hci fnnc, fn nçgktf jf gcvkgkfitc fi jkrfhhkøi ifmatkva. Ahtkvar na iufva hciekmurahkøi Via vfz quf fstë fspfhkekhaja uia iufva zcia jf ahhkøi para ncs fofs, ustfj jflfrá jfshcifhtar na uikjaj jf hcitrcn y arraihar fn skstfga fi erçc. A hcitkiuahkøi fstará ahtkvaja fn árfa jf tralaoc iufva.

Vtknkhf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Axks Nkgkts


5;

Ncs tkpcs jf kitfrpcnahkøi Mfifran

Ockit O P R 1W 100% EKIF

Nkifan N P R1W <000 gg/sfh EKIF

Hkrhunar O P R 1W 100% EKIF (puitc jf kikhkc) H P R

=0

Nas kistruhhkcifs jf jfspnazagkfitc Hcgpcskhkøi O P R W 100% EKIF

Na kitfrpcnahkøi

Fn huajrc jf pcskhkøi

Na vfnchkjaj y nas uikjajfs

Fn tkpc jf hkfrrf

N P R W <000gg/sfh EKIF

Na kitfrpcnahkøi

Fn huajrc jf

Na vfnchkjaj y

pcskhkøi

nas uikjajfs

Fn tkpc jf hkfrrf


=1

Apuitfs


=<

Hrfar ui icglrf jf prcmraga 1. Punsf na tfhna Xfnfht <. Punsf na tfhna E< (Hrfatf) A travës jf nas tfhnas jf euihkcifs jf E1 a E6 sf cerfhfi uics icglrfs jf prcmraga fstáijar, para jfekikr icglrfs jkstkitcs, ustfj jflfrá punsar uia vfz na tfhna jf hurscr A partkr jf fsf gcgfitc, ustfj tfijrá nftras Gayÿshunas a na jkspcskhkøi. 8. Askmif ui icglrf :. Punsf uia vfz Fitfr 6. Para ahhfjfr jkrfhtagfitf a na paitanna jf fjkhkøi Punsf E8 (FJKZ) C, sk qukfrf ahhfjfr a na paitanna jf jftannfs, punsf E< (Jftakn)


=8

Hcpkar y fnkgkiar prcmragas

Hcpkar


=:

Hcpkar y fnkgkiar prcmragas

Fnkgkiar


=6

Nas kistruhhkcifs jf jfspnazagkfitc Kisfrtar uia kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc Huaijc sf gufstrf na paitanna jf fjkhkøi, a travës jf na tfhna jf euihkøi E1 (PCKIZ) pcjrá sfnfhhkciar uia kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc Para apnkhar na kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc skma ncs skmukfitfs pascs? 1. Muarjf na kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc hci fn hurscr y punsf FIZF\ ø <. Punsf uia tfhna iugërkha fi fn lncquf iugërkhc, p. fo. hci na tfhna iugërkha 1 y sfnfhhkcif jkrfhtagfitf na nçifa 1

Icta? Hci Xdket + E1 (Pckit) sf pufjfi apnkhar fi jkrfhtc nas pcskhkcifs. Hcgc kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc sf kisfrtará fi fn prcmraga skfgprf na ÿntkga kistruhhkøi utknkzaja jf na nksta jf sfnfhhkcifs quf prfhfjf. _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

=5

Nas kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc Pcskhkøi jfn hurscr

Gcjkekhar na kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc



Gcjkekhar fn tkpc jf kitfrpcnahkøi Punsf E : (Hdckhf)

  







1?N @PR1W <000 gg/sfh EKIF

Alrkr fn huajrc jf pcskhkøi, E 6 (Pcsktkci) 1?N @P R1W <000 gg/sfh EKIF Askmiar fn tfxtc, FIZF\ Hrfar fn rfmkstrcs jf pcskhkcifs, E : (Hdckhf)

1?N @P

Jfekikr na vfnchkjaj FIZF\ Vikjaj jf na vfnchkjaj Gcjkekhar, E : (Hdckhf)

Gcjkekhar fn tkpc jf hkfrrf, E : (Hdckhf)

R1W <000 gg/sfh EK IF

1?N @P R1W <000 gg/sfh EKIF

P<

P8 P1

EKIF HIZ60 HIZ100


==

Apuitfs


=4

Nas kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc Hcrrfmkr kistruhhkcifs jf jfspnazagkfitc fxkstfitfs (prcmragar pcstfrkcrgfitf hci na euihkøi jf aprfijkzaof, Zcuhdup)

Gufva fn rclct a na pcskhkøi quf jfsff hcrrfmkr (Fofgpnc? pcskhkøi 1). Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na rfspfhtkva nçifa jfn prcmraga (Fofgpnc? pcskhkøi 1). Hcrrkoa na pcskhkøi a travës jfn gcvkgkfitc jfn rclct. Punsf XDKEZ y E 6 (Zcuhdup) a na vfz.

Pcskhkøi 1

Na pcskhkøi 1 fstá hcrrfmkja.

Pcskhkøi jfn hurscr


=;

Kikhkar prcmragas

Mfifran Fn cpfrajcr tkfif varkas pcsklknkjajfs jf kikhkar ui prcmraga?   

hci fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan hci na tfhna Hyhnf Xtart hci na kitfreaz jf hcitrcn rfgctc VCP

A hcitkiuahkøi sf jftannarái fstas cphkcifs.


40

Kikhkar prcmragas Kikhkc pcr fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan fi fn gcjc jf pasc ÿikhc A tfihkøi? Aoustf uia vfnchkjaj sfmura

Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar hcifhtajc. Punsf Xtfp (fn kijkhajcr nuhf fi agarknnc) Jflf fstar sfnfhhkciajc Z1 ø Z<

Fn prcmraga jflf fstar sfnfhhkciajc y fn hurscr jflf fstar sktuajc fi na nçifa 1

Punsar fn lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi Punsar \fsft Punsf Xdket y E]J Vstfj jflf punsar Xdket y E]J para haja fofhuhkøi jf uia nçifa. Fn rclct ic fgpfzará a gcvfrsf dasta quf ustfj sufntf na tfhna E]J Hci na tfhna L]J sf pufjf rfankzar fn prchfsc fi garhda kivfrsa, fxhfptc sk fn hurscr sf fihufitra fi na nçifa 1.


41

Kikhkar prcmragas Kikhkc hci fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan A tfihkøi? Aoustf uia vfnchkjaj sfmura Icta? Xk fs ifhfsarkc parar fn rclct,

sufntf fn lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi c na tfhna Xdket. V cprkga fn lctøi jf kgpahtc jf paraja jf fgfrmfihka. Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar hcifhtajc. Jflf fstar sfnfhhkciajc Z1 ø Z<


Punsar fn lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi Punsar \fsft Punsf Xdket y E]J Hci na tfhna L]J sf pufjf rfankzar fn prchfsc fi garhda kivfrsa, fxhfptc sk fn hurscr sf fihufitra fi na nçifa 1. Apuitfs


4<

Kikhkar prcmragas Kikhkc pcr fn paifn jf hcitrcn (Hyhnf Xtart) A tfihkøi? Aoustf uia vfnchkjaj sfmura Icta? Xk fs ifhfsarkc parar fn rclct,

punsf fn lctøi jf kgpahtc jf paraja jf fgfrmfihka (1) c punsf DCNJ fi fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan Fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar jfshcifhtajc. Jflf fstar sfnfhhkciajc fn gcjc jf euihkciagkfitc "Autc"


Punsar \fsft (<) Punsf Hyhnf Xtart (8)

<

8


48

Zralaoc hci nas dcoas jf fofrhkhkcs Vtknkhf adcra nas dcoas jf fofrhkhkcs skmukfitfs?       

Hrfar ui icglrf jf prcmraga Prcmraga jf akrf Ockit jf huatrc puitcs Ockit jf huatrc puitcs hci HIZ60 Huatrc puitcs ‘ Nkifan Huatrc puitcs ‘ Uarkcs Hkrhunar


4:

Nas kistruhhkøi jf jfspnazagkfitc Amrfmar cphkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc Pcskhkøi jfn hurscr Punsf na tfhna E: (Hdckhf) para quf nas cphkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc sfai rfprfsfitajas.

1?N @P

R1W <000 gg/sfh EKIF …

Fn cpfrajcr tkfif nas skmukfitfs cphkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc a na jkspcskhkøi? (sk fn skstfga tkfif cphkcifs ajkhkcianfs dalrá taglkëi gás fitrajas)


46

Fnkgkiar, hcpkar f kisfrtar

Kisfrt (Kisfrtar) Xfnfhhkcif Kisfrt y aparfhfrá ui kijkhajcr jf hcgaijcs hci na kiecrgahkøi jf huáitas nçifas jflfi sfr kisfrtajas. Adcra, para kisfrtar uia nçifa, kitrcjuzha 1 y hciekrgf su fitraja hci FIZF\. Na iufva nçifa fs kisfrtaja pcr na ahtuan pcskhkøi jfn hurscr.

Jfnftf (Fnkgkiar) Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na fnkgkiar a fnkgkiar 99 punsf E6 RFJHGJW 99 sfnfhhkcif (Jfnftf) Hciekrgf na fnkgkiahkøi jf na nçifa hci na tfhna E: R[fsW Icta? Para fnkgkiar varkas nçifas, garquf fn árfa hci na tfhna jf hurscr aitfs jf hciekrgar su sfnfhhkøi hci E: R[fsW


45

Fnkgkiar, hcpkar f kisfrtar Hcpy (Hcpkar) Xfnfhhkcif Hcpkar (Hcpy)

Punsf E< (Hcpy) jcs vfhfs, sk sønc jfsfa hcpkar uia nçifa. Para hcpkar varkas nçifas vufnva a punsar na tfhna E< uia vfz, y a hcitkiuahkøi pcjrá garhar na zcia hci na tfhna jf hurscr. Xfmukjagfitf, vufnva a punsar E< uia vfz gás

Gufva fn hurscr a na nçifa fi na huan jfsff dahfr na kisfrhkøi. Xfnfhhkcif E6 (Pastf). Adcra tkfif varkas pcsklknkjajfs a su jkspcskhkøi?


4=

Fnkgkiar, hcpkar f kisfrtar

E< (NCMKH)? Hcpka f kisfrta kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc ski quf sfa ifhfsarkc fspfhkekhar ncs jatcs jf pcskhkøi.

E: (PCXKZKCI)? Hcpka f kisfrta kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc.

E1 (\-Ncmkb)?

Hcpka f kisfrta kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc fi crjfi kivfrsc, ski quf sfa ifhfsarkc fspfhkekhar ncs jatcs jf pcskhkøi.

E: (\-PCX)? Hcpka f kisfrta kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc fi crjfi kivfrsc.

E6 (\G-PCX)? Hcpka nas kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc jfn crkmfi jf hcpka fi crjfi kivfrsc. Xf gcjkekhai fn tkpc y na vfnchkjaj jf gcvkgkfitc fth. para haja uia jf nas kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc, hci fn rfsuntajc jf ui gcvkgkfitc tctangfitf hcitrarkc an gcvkgkfitc jfekikjc fi fn arhdkvc eufitf.


44

Zralaoc hci nas dcoas jf fofrhkhkcs Vtknkhf adcra nas dcoas jf fofrhkhkcs?  

Hcpkar, fnkgkiar f kisfrtar Pcskhkøi lasf


4;

Kistruhhkøi OGP SNLN y NLN Na kistruhhkøi jf na "lkeurhahkøi kihcijkhkcian„ prcvcha ui santc jf uia nçifa jf

prcmraga a ctra nçifa jfn gksgc prcmraga ³Quë skmikekha OGPSNLN3 Na kistruhhkøi OGP NLNRkW pcif fn puitfrc jf prcmraga fi uia ftkqufta jftfrgkiaja.

³Quë skmikekha NLN3 Na kistruhhkøi jf ftkqufta NLNRkW sf utknkza para jfekikr fn jfstkic jf na lkeurhahkøi jf uia fofhuhkøi jf prcmraga. Na ftkqufta sf jfekif pcr na kistruhhkøi jf jfekikhkøi jf ftkquftas.

Na kistruhhkøi sf pufjf kgpnfgfitar pcr E1 (Kist) fi fn prcmraga.

Zralaof adcra hci na dcoa jf tralaoc OGP


;0

Kistruhhkøi E\AGF (VZCCNSIVG, VE\AGFSIVG ) Na kistruhhkøi E\AGF sf utknkza para gcjkekhar ncs aoustfs jf ncs skstfgas jf hccrjfiajas hartfskaias hci ncs quf tralaoa fn rclct. Fxkstfi jcs tkpcs jf kistruhhkcifs Eragf?

Na kistruhhkøi Zccn Eragf para gcjkekhar na hciekmurahkøi jfn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita Na kistruhhkøi Vsfr Eragf para gcjkekhar na hciekmurahkøi jfn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jfn usuarkc Fofgpnc VZCCNSIVG 7 1 VE\AGFSIVG 7 1 Na kistruhhkøi sf pufjf kgpnfgfitar pcr E1 (Kist) fi fn prcmraga.

Vtknkhf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Eragfs


;1

Kistruhhkøi HANN Na kistruhhkøi HANN (lkeurhahkøi kihcijkhkcian) prcvcha uia lkeurhahkøi (nnagaja) jf prcmraga a prcmraga.

Prkihkpkc jf na euihkøi

Kisfrtar na kistruhhkøi HANN

1

<

8

Vtknkhf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs HANN _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

;<

Fitrajas y sankjas Ukskøi mfifran

Mrupcs Fitrajas/sankjas MK/MC

Fitrajas/sankjas jkmktanfs JK/JC

Fitrajas/sankjas jkmktanfs VK/VC

\clct Fitrajas/sankjas \K/\C


;8

Gcstrar fitrajas y sankjas

Fn gaifoc gaiuan jf nas sankjas fs pcsklnf hci nas tfhnas E: y E6 Askmiar hcgfitarkcs jf F/X vfr "Jftakn" fi na pámkia skmukfitf


;:

Fitrajas y sankjas

Jfshrkphkøi jf nas tfhnas jf euihkcifs fi fn gfiÿ jf F/X





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





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Z[PF Xfnfhhkøi jf ncs jkvfrscs tkpcs jf F/X HCIEKM Hciekmurahkøi jf nas F/X KI/CVZ Haglkc fitrf fitrajas y sankjas CI Hcifxkøi gaiuan jf uia sfñan CEE Jfshcifxkøi gaiuan jf uia sfñan

IVG-X\Z Hnaskekhahkøi jf F/X pcr iÿgfrcs HGZ-X\Z Hnaskekhahkøi jf F/X pcr hcgfitarkcs JFZAKN Haglkar a na vksta jf ncs jftannfs jf uia F/X. Aquç taglkëi sf pufjfi askmiar hcgfitarkcs.

DFNP? Ahtkvar na ayuja


;6

Fitrajas y sankjas Fofgpnc jf hciekmurahkøi 1 Fofgpnc jf uia hciekmurahkøi hci taroftas fstáijar jf fitrajas y sankjas F/A gcjunarfs Fstf rclct jkspcif jf 15 fitrajas jkmktanfs y jf 15 sankjas jkmktanfs Hcgpruflf na hciekmurahkøi jf su rclct jf fitrfiagkfitc

Puitc jf kikhkc 1 Puitc jf kikhkc 1 F/Xgcjunarfs

Xnct1

Xnct<

8

:

6

Kitfreaz

\ahb


;5

Fitrajas y sankjas Fitraja jfn rclct/Xankja jfn rclct (\K/\C) ‘ Mfifran Nas fitrajas y sankjas jfn rclct sci sfñanfs ajfnaitajas quf pufjfi sfr halnfajas pcr gfjkc jfn hcifhtcr FF (Fij Feefhtcr).

Fitraja jfn rclct/Xankja jfn rclct (\K/\C) ‘ Kistruhhkcifs \CRxW 7 CI / CEE ? Fsta kistruhhkøi pcif uia jftfrgkiaja sfñan jf sankja jkmktan a CI ø a CEE. \CRxW 7 PVNXF R,]frtW Hci fsta kistruhhkøi sf pcif a CI na sfñan jf sankja jkmktan pcr fn kitfrvanc kijkhajc. Jurahkøi jfn kgpunsc fi sfmuijcs (0,1-<6,0s) ]AKZ \KRxW7 CI Hci fsta kistruhhkøi sf fspfra dasta quf nnfmuf na sfñan CI a ikvfn jfn prchfsagkfitc jfn prcmraga KE \KRxW7 …….

KE \CRxW7 …….

KE \CRxW7 ( …….)


;=

Fitrajas y sankjas Fitraja jfn rclct/Xankja jfn rclct (\K/\C) ‘ Askmiar hcgfitarkcs

Xfnfhhkcif hci fn lctøi jfn gfiÿ nas cphkcifs K/C y \clct. Punsf fn lctøi IFTZ y na tfhna E: (Jftakn), aparfhf na Ekmura : Alra fn huajrc "Hcggfit" hci Fitfr. Askmif ui hcgfitarkc hci nas tfhnas jf euihkcifs jf E1 a E6. A hcitkiuahkøi punsf Fitfr y P\FU

k-Pfijait

ZP hcivfihkcian

Ekmura :


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Fitrajas y sankjas Gaifoc gaiuan jf na sankja jfn rclct (\C) k-Pfijait

ZP hcivfihkcian


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Fitrajas y sankjas Xankja jfn rclct (\C) Hcgpnfgfitary (hcgpnfgfitarka)

Hcgpnfgfitary (EANXF) \CR1W………… CI/CEE \CR
Hcgpnfgfitary (Z\VF) \CR1W………… CI/CEE \CR
Hcifhtar/jfshcifhtar fn rclct para ahtkvar fn aoustf

Vtknkhf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs "Xankja jfn rclct"


100

Fitrajas y sankjas Fofgpnc jf hciekmurahkøi < ‘ Fitraja amrupaja Fofgpnc jf uia hciekmurahkøi amrupaja hci taroftas fstáijar jf fitrajas y sankjas F/A gcjunarfs Fstf rclct jkspcif jf 15 fitrajas jkmktanfs y jf 15 sankjas jkmktanfs Vstfj jfsfa hciekmurar uia fitraja amrupaja MK(1). Ajfgás qukfrf askmiar jcs sfñanfs (JK(<) y JK(8)) a fsta fitraja amrupaja. 1.

<.

8.

:.

Para traisefrkr fn aoustf a na hciekmurahkøi jfn skstfga fs ifhfsarkc arraihar fi erçc fn crjfiajcr JK(<) JK(1)

Zralaof hci na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Fitraja amrupaja

MK 1

ancr jf mrupc


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Fitrajas y sankjas Xfñanfs XCP (Xystfg Kiput/Xystfg Cutput) XC

XK


10<

Fitrajas y sankjas Kitfrhciifht


108

\fmkstrc ³Quë fs ui rfmkstrc3 Vi rfmkstrc arhdkva ui iÿgfrc. Fstái jkspciklnfs <00 rfmkstrcs. Ncs rfmkstrcs sf kjfitkekhai pcr iÿgfrcs. Ncs rfmkstrcs sf pufjfi jkrfhhkciar jf ecrga jkrfhta f kijkrfhta. Panalra jclnf (8< lkts)

³Høgc euihkcia fn jkrfhhkciagkfitc jkrfhtc jf rfmkstrcs3 Juraitf fn jkrfhhkciagkfitc jkrfhtc, fn iÿgfrc jfn rfmkstrc sf kijkha jkrfhtagfitf hcgc iÿgfrc.

\R
³Høgc euihkcia fn jkrfhhkciagkfitc kijkrfhtc jf rfmkstrcs3 Para fniÿgfrc, jkrfhhkciagkfitc kijkrfhtc, fn iÿgfrc rfmkstrc ic sf kijkha jkrfhtagfitf hcgc skic jf ecrga kijkrfhta pcr ctrcjfn rfmkstrc.

\R\R8WW 7 6 Fi fn hasc jf na prfsfitf kistruhhkøi, \R8W fs fn rfmkstrc kitfric y \R\R8WW fn rfmkstrc fxtfric. Xk fn vancr jf \R8W fs fqukvanfitf a <, fitcihfs fn rfmkstrc < sfrá jkrfhhkciajc hci fsta kistruhhkøi. (\R
Hcitkiÿa fi na pámkia skmukfitf


10:

\fmkstrc

Xci pcsklnfs nas skmukfitfs cpfrahkcifs arktgëtkhas      

       

Xuga/Ajkhkøi \fsta/Xustrahhkøi Guntkpnkhahkøi Jkvkskøi Jkvkskøi fitfra \fstc jf jkvkskøi \R...W 7 .... \R...W 7 .... + .... \R...W 7 .... - .... \R...W 7 .... * .... \R...W 7 .... / .... \R...W 7 .... JKU .... \R...W 7 .... GCJ .... \R...W 7 (...) (a partkr jf \-O8 kH) hci nømkha gkxta

Fofgpnc jf ui jkrfhhkciagkfitc jkrfhtc hci ajkhkøi 1? \R1W 7 0 7 6, OGPNLNR1W RFIJW

Fofgpnc jf ui jkrfhhkciagkfitc kijkrfhtc hci ajkhkøi 1? 71 7 6, OGPNLNR1W RFIJW


106

Gcstrar rfmkstrcs

E1

Fspahkc para hcgfitarkcs

Huajrc jf kijkhahkøi c para fitrajas



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Kgpnfgfitar uia kistruhhkøi jf rfmkstrc fi ui prcmraga

E1

Apuitfs


10=

Kistruhhkøi KE Lkeurhahkøi hcijkhkcian Hci lkeurhahkcifs hcijkhkcianfs sf santa jf ui puitc jfn prcmraga a ctrc huaijc fstái hugpnkjas uias hcijkhkcifs jftfrgkiajas

Fofgpnc


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Kgpnfgfitar uia kistruhhkøi KE

E1

Vsf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs \fmkstrcs f KE


10;

Hcgfitarkcs/Ictas Na kistruhhkøi jf hcgfitarkcs pfrgktf amrfmar hcgfitarkcs a ui prcmraga. Ncs hcgfitarkcs ic rfpfrhutfi jf ikimuia ecrga fi fn prchfsagkfitc jfn prcmraga. Vi hcgfitarkc jfekikjc pcr uia kistruhhkøi jf hcgfitarkc pufjf tfifr dasta 8< harahtfrfs, kihnuskvf harahtfrfs aneaiugërkhcs, y ajfgás fn astfrkshc (*), fn haráhtfr jf sulrayajc (S) y fn sçglcnc jf arrcla (@). Punsf FIZF\ para amrfmar ui hcgfitarkc.

Kisfrtar ui hcgfitarkc

E1

Vtknkhf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs Hcgfitarkcs


110

Kistruhhkøi jf fspfra Vstfj ya da tralaoajc hci uia kistruhhkøi jf fspfra fi nas dcoas jf fofrhkhkcs Xankja jfn rclct f Kistruhhkøi jf fspfra, 1ª partf. A hcitkiuahkøi fstái fxpufstas nas pcsklknkjajfs quf ustfj tkfif hci nas kistruhhkcifs jf fspfra Na kistruhhkøi a lasf jf tkfgpc "]AKZ" rftrasa fn prchfsagkfitc jfn prcmraga pcr ui pfrçcjc jf tkfgpc jfekikjc (fi sfmuijcs).

]AKZ (hcijkhkøi) (prchfsagkfitc) Na kistruhhkøi hcijkhkcian ]AKZ rftrasa fn prchfsagkfitc jfn prcmraga dasta quf fstë hugpnkja uia hcijkhkøi jftfrgkiaja c dasta quf daya traishurrkjc ui napsc jf tkfgpc jftfrgkiajc. Day jcs gëtcjcs para jftfrgkiar fn prchfsagkfitc hci tkfgpc jf hkfrrf (tkgf-cut)? Xk ic sf da fspfhkekhajc ikimÿi tkpc jf prchfsagkfitc, na fofhuhkøi jfn prcmraga fspfrará dasta quf fstë hugpnkja uia hcijkhkøi fspfhkekhaja. Zkgfcut NLNRkW sf traisekfrf a uia ftkqufta jftfrgkiaja sk na hcijkhkøi fspfhkekhaja ic sf hugpnf jfitrc jfn kitfrvanc jfekikjc ($]AKZZGCVZ).

Vsf na dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs ]akt JK


111

Pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka Mfifran Via pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka fs uia pcskhkøi kivarkalnf y prfjfekikja utknkzaja erfhufitfgfitf fi ui prcmraga c para jfspnazar fn rclct gaiuangfitf. Na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka fs uia pcskhkøi sfmura quf icrgangfitf fstá anfoaja jfn árfa jf tralaoc jf na gáqukia-dfrragkfita c jf ncs fqukpcs pfrkeërkhcs. Pcr fstáijar fxkstf na pcsklknkjaj jf jfekikr trfs jf fstas pcskhkcifs jf rfefrfihka (para augfitar fn iÿgfrc vëasf na icta fi na pámkia skmukfitf) Xk fn rclct sf fihufitra fi na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka, fitcihfs sf fgktf uia sfñan jkmktan JC prfjfekikja. Xk fn rclct alaijcia na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka, fitcihfs ya ic sf fgktf jkhda sfñan JC jf sankja jkmktan. Xk fn rclct sf fihufitra fi na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka 1, na sfñan jf sankja jf na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka (AZPF\HD (VC (=)) sfrá traisgktkja a na pfrkefrka, pcr fofgpnc a ui PNH Para quf fn rclct sf gufva a na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka, ustfj jflf hrfar ui prcmraga quf maraitkhf fn rftrchfsc sfmurc a na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka. Jftfrgkif pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka fi na paitanna para na hciekmurahkøi jf na pcskhkøi jfnarfefrfihka.


11<

Aoustar na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka

Fofhuhkøi 1) Punsf E8, JFZAKN. Aparfhf na jftannaja paitanna jf pcskhkcifs jf rfefrfihka <) Para amrfmar ui hcgfitarkc skma ncs skmukfitfs pascs? - punsf FIZF\ - kitrcjuzha fn hcgfitarkc jfsfajc hci nas tfhnas jf E1 a E6 y punsf FIZF\ 8) Muarjf na pcskhkøi hci XDKEZ + E6 (\FHC\J) Icta? Fn rclct jflf fihcitrarsf fi na pcskhkøi quf ustfj jfsff jfekikr hcgc pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka

Fxpnkhahkøi jf nas nçifas jf < a : Fialnf/jksalnf? ahtkvar/jfsahtkvar Xkmian jfekiktkci? sfñan a jfekikr para traisgktkr an anhaizar na pcskhkøi (\C ø JC, para na pcs. jf rfe. 1 skfgprf sf pcif VC (=), sk fstá ahtkva. A travës jfn garmfi jf tcnfraihka (1) sf pufjf jfekikr fi mrajcs +/- na jkefrfihka.


118

Lahbup jf jatcs Hci ui lahbup jf jatcs fstáijar sf muarjai ncs skmukfitfs arhdkvcs? 

Jfeaunt Ncmkh Eknf (*.JE ) ‘ Arhdkvcs jf lahbup hci na hciekmurahkøi láskha

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Xystfg Eknf (*.XU) ‘ Muarja na hciekmurahkøi jfn skstfga.

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K/C Hciekm Jata Eknf (*.KC ) ‘ Muarja na hciekmurahkøi jf nas F/X.

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Jata Eknf (*.U\) ‘ Muarja ncs jatcs, p. fo. ncs jatcs jf ncs rfmkstrcs.

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Prcmrag Eknf (*.ZP) ‘ Arhdkvcs jf prcmraga

Fn Jfeaunt ncmkh eknf (*.JE) kihnuyf nas hciekmurahkcifs jf nas kistruhhkcifs nømkhas pcr jfefhtc, quf fstái askmiajas a haja tfhna jf euihkøi (jf E1 a E:) fi na paitanna jf fjkhkøi jf prcmraga. Fn arhdkvc jfeaunt ncmkh fstá suljkvkjkjc fi ncs skmukfitfs tkpcs? JFESGCZI0.JE ‘ Muarja na hciekmurahkøi jf nas kistruhhkcifs fstáijar jf gcvkgkfitc. Zfhna E1 Ncs skmukfitfs trfs arhdkvcs muarjai na hciekmurahkøi jf nas kistruhhkcifs fstáijar jf gcvkgkfitc, askmiajas a haja tfhna jf euihkøi para gcstrar fi na pámkia skmukfitf.   

Zfhna JESNCMK1.JE E< Zfhna JESNCMK<.JE E8 Zfhna JESNCMK8.JE E:

Fn lahbup jf jatcs sf fefhtÿa a travës jfn gfiÿ Eknf Para fn lahbup jf jatcs sf pufjfi usar ncs skmukfitfs gfjkcs jf angahfiagkfitc?   



Xtkhb VXL (a partkr jf \O8kH) Zarofta Hcgpaht Enasd Fn pufrtc sfrkf \X <8< an PH (fi hcglkiahkøi hci fn scetwarf BENCPP[) (ya ic fstá jkspciklnf a partkr jf na vfrskøi \O8kh jfn hcitrcn) Ftdfrift


11:

Lahbup jf jatcs

Arhdkvc jf skstfga/Arhdkvc jf apnkhahkøi Vi arhdkvc jf skstfga/apnkhahkøi (*.XU ) hcitkfif ui prcmraga para fn hcitrcn jfn skstfga para gcvfr fn scetwarf jf apnkhahkøi jf na dfrragkfita, c jatcs utknkzajcs hci fn skstfga. Xf utknkzai ncs skmukfitfs tkpcs jf arhdkvcs jf skstfga? X[XUA\X.XU ? Vtknkzajc para muarjar nas gás jkvfrsas varkalnfs jfn skstfga. Ëstas kihnuyfi, pcr fofgpnc, varkalnfs jfn skstfga fi rfnahkøi hci na zcia jf ahhkøi jf ncs fofs, hcitrcn jf erfic fth. X[XXF\UC.XU Xf utknkza para muarjar ncs jatcs jf ncs parágftrcs jf ncs sfrvcs X[XGAXZ.XU Xf utknkza para muarjar ncs jatcs gafstrcs X[XGAH\C.XU Xf utknkza para muarjar na hciekmurahkøi jf na kistruhhkøi Gahrc. E\AGFUA\.XU Xf utknkza para muarjar na hciekmurahkøi jf na pcskhkøi jf rfefrfihka utknkzaja para aoustar ncs jf skstfga hccrjfiajas. Fn arhdkvc jatcsjf (*.U\,*.KC) muarja ncs jatcs utknkzajcs fi fn skstfga. Ncs arhdkvcs jf jatcs hcitkfifi ncs skmukfitfs tkpcs?

Arhdkvc jf jatcs (*.U\, *.KC) IVG\FM.U\? Xf utknkza para muarjar ncs jatcs jf rfmkstrcs. PCX\FM.U\? Xf utknkza para muarjar jatcs jf rfmkstrcs jf pcskhkcifs. JKCHEMXU.KC? Xf utknkza para muarjar na hciekmurahkøi jf na askmiahkøi jf nas F/X. Fn arhdkvc jf jatcs jf na hciekmurahkøi jfn rclct (*.JZ) sf utknkza para muarjar na hciekmurahkøi jfekikja fi na paitanna para na hciekmurahkøi jfn rclct. Fn icglrf jf arhdkvc varça sfmÿi fn gcjfnc.

Prcmragas (*.ZP) Zcjcs ncs prcmragas Zfahd Pfijait (*.ZP) sf muarjai fi fn højkmc jf na gáqukia.


116

Lahbup jf jatcs

Fofhuhkøi jf ui lahbup jf jatcs hcgpnf tc hci ui stkhb VXL 1. Kisfrtf fn stkhb VXL fi fn pufrtc (1) <. Xfnfhhkcif fn gfiÿ Eknf (Ekmura <) 8. Punsf E6 (Vtkn) y sfnfhhkcif VXL Jksb (Ekmura 8) :. Punsf E: (Lahbup) y sfnfhhkcif ANN ce Alcvf (Ekmura :) 6. Punsf E: ([fs), arraiha fn lahbup jf jatcs

Ekmura < Ekmura <

Ekmura 8

Ekmura :


115

Lahbup jf jatcs

Euihkciankjaj jfn gfiÿ

1. Uksta ahtuan? vëasf arrkla E1(Z[PF)

<. 8. Euihkøi autcgátkha jf lahbup


11=

Lahbup jf jatcs Euihkciankjaj jfn gfiÿ

E< (JK\) Uksta jf ncs jkrfhtcrkcs

E8 (NCAJ)

E: (Lahbup)

4 Kgamf Lahbup _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

114


E6 (VZKN)


11;


E1 (Jfnftf) ‘ Fnkgkiar E< (Hcpy) ‘ Hcpkar ncs arhdkvcs jfpcsktajcs hci fn hurscr


1<0

Lahbup jf jatcs

Harma jf arhdkvcs fi mfifran Kmuan quf hci uia rfhupfrahkøi jf jatcs fstáijar, fxkstf na pcsklknkjaj jf harmar ncs jatcs pcr sfparajc c pcr lncqufs jf jatcs, pcr fofgpnc tcjcs ncs .ZP ø tcjcs ncs .U\ ø .KC. Ncs arhdkvcs .XU sønc pufjfi sfr harmajcs jfsjf fn gfiÿ Hcitrcnnfj Xtart.

\fhupfrahkøi jf tcjcs ncs prcmragas 1. Kijkquf fn gfjkc jf angahfiagkfitc <. Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na rfspfhtkva nçifa (Ekmura <) 8. Punsf E8 (NCAJ) y hciekrgf hci E: ([FX) :. Prfstf atfihkøi a nas kijkhahkcifs Hcrrfspcijkfitfs (Ekmura 8) y sfnfhhkcif fn pcstfrkcr gcjc jf prchfjfr

Ekmura <

Ekmura 8


1<1

Xftup jfn paifn jfn k Pfijait (a travës jfn gfiÿ jfn iavfmajcr) Mfifran A travës jfn gfiÿ jfn iavfmajcr 9 Paifn Xftup, ustfj pufjf hrfar dasta : paifnfs vkrtuanfs (Xcet Paifns) ski fjktcr DZGN. Nas kiecrgahkcifs jf nas fitrajas y sankjas, asç hcgc ncs fstajcs jf ncs rfmkstrcs y nas kitrcjuhhkcifs, sf pufjfi rfankzar y vksuankzar aquç jf ecrga pfrsciankzaja hci tcja eahknkjaj.

Hcitkiÿa fi na pámkia skmukfitf _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

1<<

Xftup jfn paifn jfn k Pfijait (a travës jfn gfiÿ jfn iavfmajcr) Gcjc jf prchfjfr (Fofgpnc? Aoustf jfn Paifn 1 / Jc (1)) Icta? Pcima na nçifa (1) fi VINCHB

Xk ustfj punsa Fitfr fi fn huajrc jf tfxtc jfn tkpc jf paifn, ustfj pcjrá dahfr su sfnfhhkøi.   

K/C Paifn K/C Paifn (= nçifas) \fmkstfr paifn

Punsf fn lctøi IF] A hcitkiuahkøi, ustfj sfrá mukajc pcr fn gfiÿ. Hci nas tfhnas jf hurscr, ahtkvf fn huajrc (8) y punsf Fitfr

p



1<8

Xftup jfn paifn jfn k Pfijait (a travës jfn gfiÿ jfn iavfmajcr) Gcjc jf prchfjfr (Fofgpnc? Aoustf jfn Paifn 1 / Jc (1)) Fi fn huajrc (1), punsf Fitfr Aparfhf ui tfhnajc quf nf pfrgktkrá adcra jfekikr ui icglrf hci << harahtfrfs, hcgc gáxkgc.

mks Fn r

Fi fn huajrc (<), punsf Fitfr Xfnfhhkcif adcra XJC, \JC ø Ic usf

: 6

Kitrcjuzha fn çijkhf fi fn huajrc 8 Fi fn huajrc :, sfnfhhkcif CI/CEE Xfñan Antfr/Punsf, ahtkvaja

f

Kitrcjuzha na jurahkøi jf na punsahkøi fi fn huajrc 6 Punsf Hcgpnftf (5) para muarjar na rutkia Xk jfsfa muarjar fsta pámkia punsf Hcgpnftf (=) A hcitkiuahkøi punsf E< (Lahb)

hf

Aparfhf fsta paitanna Punsf fn lctøi Xavf



1<:

Xftup jfn paifn jfn k Pfijait (a travës jfn gfiÿ jfn iavfmajcr) Gcjc jf prchfjfr (Fofgpnc? Aoustf jfn Paifn 1 / Jc (1)) Xk adcra punsa E1 Zypf pcjrá sfnfhhkciar su pámkia, PAIFN 1

Xfnfhhkcif fn lctøi 1 y punsf Fitfr, na sankja da skjc hcifhtaja Xfnfhhkciaijc nas enfhdas azunfs pcjrá haglkar jf na Pámkia 1 dasta na Pámkia :


1<6

Xcet Paifn Mfifran Aquç sf pufjf vksuankzar uia hcglkiahkøi huanqukfra jf sfñanfs KC utknkzajas hcgc paitanna jf fstajc, hci na pcsklknkjaj jf skgunar y gaikclrar jfsjf aquç nas sfñanfs.


1<5

Xcet Paifn Hustcg Hciekm (Fofgpnc)


1<=

Hcgpnfgfitcs jf gcvkgkfitc (cphkcifs jf jf gcvkgkfitc) Nas skmukfitfs cphkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc fstái a na jkspcskhkøi?

Nas rfspfhtkvas jfshrkphkcifs nas fihcitrará fi fn Aifxc Hcgpnfgfitcs jf gcvkgkfitc


1<4

Gahrc Mfifran Via kistruhhkøi gahrc tkfif na euihkøi jf rfsugkr ui prcmraga, hcgpufstc pcr uia sfhufihka jf kistruhhkcifs, fi uia scna kistruhhkøi y jf ahtkvar fstf oufmc jf kistruhhkcifs para su fofhuhkøi huaijc sfa scnkhktajc.

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Via kistruhhkøi gahrc quf daya skjc prcmragaja hci na euihkøi jf aprfijkzaof sf pcjrá kikhkar pcstfrkcrgfitf hcgc kistruhhkøi jf prcmraga. Via kistruhhkøi gahrc pufjf sfr kikhkaja fi fn gfiÿ GAIVAN EHZIX a travës jfn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan. Via kistruhhkøi gahrc pufjf sfr kikhkaja punsaijc uia tfhna fi fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan. Via kistruhhkøi gahrc pufjf sfr kikhkaja gfjkaitf nas jcs tfhnas Vsfr 1 y Vsfr < fi fn paifn jf ncs cpfrajcrfs. ( a partkr jf \O8kH ya ic fs pcsklnf )

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Vi hcgaijc gahrc sf pufjf kikhkar usaijc JK ø \K ø VK. Ncs prcmragas fxkstfitfs pufjfi sfr rfmkstrajcs hcgc kistruhhkcifs gahrc. Hcgc gáxkgc pufjfi rfmkstrarsf <0 kistruhhkcifs gahrc.


1<;

Hrfar Gahrcs Hrfar ui gahrc hci ui prcmraga quf ic sfa jf gcvkgkfitc Hrff ui icglrf jf prcmraga p.fo. D\\ZASXKI (prcmragas jf DF\\AGKFIZA ski kistruhhkøi jf gcvkgkfitc) Punsf uia vfz Fitfr Punsf E< (JFZAKN) y pcima fn hurscr fi XVL Z[PF (tkpc jf prcmraga) Punsf E: (HDCKHF) y sfnfhhkcif GAH\C. Pcima fn hurscr fi M\CVP GAXB f kishrkla ui astfrkshc hci na tfhna E6 Fstf astfrkshc skmikekha quf fn mrupc jf gcvkgkfitc \CLCZ fstá jfsahtkvajc, y asç, ustfj ic pcjrá prcmragar prcmragar ikimuias kistruhhkcifs jf gcvkgkfitc hci fstf prcmraga. Punsf na tfhna E1 (FIJ) para sankr jf fsta paitanna Hrff adcra su prcmraga p.fo. \C(1) 7 CI


180

Hrfar Gahrcs Askmiar Gahrcs Punsf GFIVX, sfnfhhkcif XFZVP, punsf E1 (Z[PF), sfnfhhkcif GAH\C Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na hcnugia Kistruhtkci iagf y punsf Fitfr, y askmif fn icglrf "dfrragkfita ski" y punsf Fitfr. Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na hcnugia Prcmrag y punsf E: (HDCKHF). Xfnfhhkcif adcra fn prcmraga D\\ZASXKI fi na zcia supfrkcr jfn jkspnay. Jfspnahf fn hurscr a na nçifa quf skmuf a na jfrfhda y punsf E: (HDCKHF)

Adcra ahhfjfrá a nas cphkcifs jf askmiahkøi 7 Vsfrbfy, tfhnas jfekikjas pcr fn usuarkc fn tfrgkian gaijc gaiuan hci VB (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan tkfif quf fstar fi CI)2 na euihkøijfsønc fs ajgksklnf prcmragas quf ic sfai jf gcvkgkfitc XV 7 XDKEZ+Vsfrbfy, hcglkiahkøi jf nas tfhnas jfekikjas jfn usuarkc fi fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan + XDKEZ (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CI) GE 7 Gfiÿ GAIVAN EHZIX, aquç sf arhdkva f kikhka fn gahrc (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CI) XP 7Xtaijarj Paifn, na tfhna VXF\ 1 y < (Vsfr17XP:, Vsfr <7 XP6) (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CEE) JK/\K/VK 7 Kikhkc a travës jf nas fitrajas (sk sf utknkza VC, sønc VCR=W fs ajgksklnf) (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CEE)


181

Hrfar Gahrcs

Ukfif jf na pámkia aitfrkcr ‘ Askmiar Gahrcs Xfnfhhkcif VB Ahhfja a na hcnugia quf skmuf a na jfrfhda f kitrcjuzha fn iÿgfrc jf na tfhna quf jfsff hciekmurar, p. fo. 1, y punsf Fitfr. A hcitkiuahkøi punsf na tfhna VB 1, y sf fofhutará fn prcmraga D\\ZASXKI


18<

Hrfar Gahrcs

Hrfar ui gahrc hci ui prcmraga jf gcvkgkfitc Hrff ui icglrf jf prcmraga, p.fo. DCGF Punsf uia vfz Fitfr Punsf E< (JFZAKN) y pcima fn hurscr fi XVL Z[PF (tkpc jf prcmraga) Punsf E: (HDCKHF) y sfnfhhkcif GAH\C. Punsf na tfhna E1 (FIJ) para sankr jf fsta paitanna Hrff adcra su prcmraga p.fo. O P(1) 100% EKIF


188

Hrfar Gahrcs

Askmiar Gahrcs Punsf GFIVX, sfnfhhkcif XFZVP, punsf E1 (Z[PF), sfnfhhkcif GAH\C Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na hcnugia Kistruhtkci iagf y punsf Fitfr askmif fn icglrf "Pcskhkøi lasf" y punsf Fitfr. Xktÿf fn hurscr fi na hcnugia Prcmrag y punsf E: (HDCKHF) Xfnfhhkcif adcra fn prcmraga DCGF fi na zcia supfrkcr jfn jkspnay. Jfspnahf fn hurscr a na hcnugia quf skmuf a na jfrfhda y punsf E: (HDCKHF)

Adcra ahhfjfrá a nas cphkcifs jf askmiahkøi VB 7 Vsfrbfy, tfhnas jfekikjas pcr fn usuarkc fi fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan tkfif quf fstar CI) Na euihkøi sønc fs ajgksklnf hci prcmragas quf ic sfai jf gcvkgkfitc XV 7 XDKEZ+Vsfrbfy, hcglkiahkøi jf nas tfhnas jfekikjas jfn usuarkc fi fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan + XDKEZ (fn gaijc EHZIX, gaiuan jflf fstar CI) f kikhka fn gahrc GEtfrgkian 7 Gfiÿ jf GAIVAN aquç sf arhdkva (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CI) XP 7Xtaijarj Paifn, na tfhna VXF\ 1 y < (Vsfr17XP:, Vsfr <7 XP6) (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CEE) JK/\K/VK 7 Kikhkc a travës jf nas fitrajas (sk sf utknkza VC, sønc VCR=W fs ajgksklnf) (fn tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan jflf fstar CEE)


18:

Hrfar Gahrcs Ukfif jf na pámkia aitfrkcr ‘ Askmiar Gahrcs Xfnfhhkcif XV Kijkquf fi na hcnugia quf skmuf a na jfrfhda fn iÿgfrc jf na tfhna quf jfsff hciekmurar, p. fo. 1, y punsf Fitfr.

Nnfvf fn rclct an fstajc ski frrcrfs Punsf sfmukjagfitf na tfhna XDKEZ y XV 1, para quf sf fofhutf fn prcmraga DCGF


186

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ (scetwarf fstáijar) 1. Vtknktkfs

Dkits (paitanna jf kiecrgahkøi)

Prcmrag Ajoust

Aquç pufjf jfekikr jatcs jf hcrrfhhkøi dasta fn vancr jf <5 gg ø 0.6 mrajcs (+ ø -)


185

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ 1. Vtknktkfs

Prcmrag Xdket

Na euihkøi Prcmrag Xdket pfrgktf jfspnazar prcmragas

Fofgpnc? Prcmraga ahtuan

P1 Jfspnazagkfitc T

Prcmraga iufvc Na pcskhkøi 1 jfn prcmraga ZFXZ jflf jfspnazarsf fi jkrfhhkøi T. Hci Prcmrag Xdket, ustfj tkfif na pcsklknkjaj jf jfekikr sus aoustfs hci nas skmukfitfs cphkcifs?
\aimf (\aimc) Xtart nkif Fij nkif Ifw Prcmrag? Kisfrt nkif

1? \ctatkci?
wdcnf (fitfrc) ø Part (nçifas) sønc fi hcglkiahkøi hci Part, kijkhahkøi jf na nçifa sønc fi hcglkiahkøi hci Part, kijkhahkøi jf na nçifa fitraja clnkmatcrka Kisfrtar/amrfmar nçifas fi fn prcmraga fspfhkekhajc

Para gcjkekhar fn prcmraga c fn puitc fi ncs vancrfs jf áimunc Fn puitc a gcjkekhar Fn jfstkic jf fsf puitc

A travës jf nas tfhnas E6 (\fhcrjfj) sf rfmkstrai nas pcskhkcifs Hci E< (Fxfhutf) sf apnkha fn vancr y sf hkfrra na cpfrahkøi


18=

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Gkrrcr Kgamf Xdket

Na euihkøi Gkrrcr Xdket pfrgktf kivfrtkr prcmragas

Na fxpnkhahkøi jf nas nçifas na fihcitrará fi Prcmrag Xdket


184

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ

Zccn Ceesft

Hci Zccn Ceesft sf pufjfi askmiar ctrcs iÿgfrcs jf dfrragkfita

Eragf Ceesft

Hci Eragf Ceesft sf pufjfi askmiar ctrcs iÿgfrcs jf Vsfr Eragf


18;


Mrcup Fxhdm

Hci Mrcup Fxhdm sf pufjfi jfekikr ctras askmiahkcifs jf mrupc


1:0

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ <. Zfst Hyhnf

Hciekmurahkøi jf na prufla euihkcian ("garhda fi sfhc") Na prufla euihkcian ("garhda fi sfhc") pfrgktf scgftfr ncs prcmragas a ui tfst euihkcian ski quf sf fefhtÿf ikimÿi gcvkgkfitc. 1? \clct nchb 7 Ci Fn prcmraga arraiha fi tkfgpc rfan ski ikimÿi gcvkgkfitc jfn rclct (vfr Icta) (Fn kitfrruptcr jf dcglrf gufrtc sønc tkfif quf punsarsf para quf arraiquf fn prcmraga)

Icta? Fi na kitfreaz jf na hfnja (Hfnn Kitfreahf), na sankja Gctkci Mrcup 1 sf pufjf aoustar a fi Ci ø a Cee pcr gfjkc jf \clct Nchb. Fsta kiecrgahkøi pufjf sfr traisgktkja a ui PNH _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

1:1


8. Gaiuan EHZIX

Nas tfhnas XDKEZ y E8 (FTFH) pfrgktfi fofhutar ncs gahrcs. Na askmiahkøi sf rfankza fi fn gfiÿ Xftup


1:<

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ :. Anarg Xfñankzahkøi jf frrcrfs

Anarg Ncm

\fsft Hdaki Frrcr

Fnkgkiar


1:8

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ :. Anarg

Gctkci Ncm

Xystfg Ncm

Appn Ncm

Passwcrj Ncm

Hcgg Ncm


1::

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ 6. K/C

Hfnn Kitfreahf

Para gaycrfs jftannfs sclrf nas sfñanfs jf na kitfreaz jf na hfnja (Hfnn Kitfreahf), hcisuntf fn gaiuan crkmkian Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

1:6

6. K/C

Jkmktan


1:5


Aiancm Cphkøi quf rfqukfrf darjwarf ajkhkcian

Mrcup (fitrajas/sankjas amrupajas, MK y MC)


1:=


\clct (fitra ja/sankjas jfn rclct, \K y \C) Nas fitrajas/sankjas jfn rclct fstá jkspciklnf fi fn hcifhtcr FF (Fij Feefhtcr)


1:4


VCP (VXF\ Cpfratkim Paifn, kitfreaz jf hcitrcn rfgctc para na sfnfhhkøi jfn prcmraga pcr ui PNH) Xfñanfs VK (Vsfr Kiput)

Jfshrkphkøi jf nas sfñanfs? vëasf Kitfreaz VCP


1:;


VCP (VXF\ Cpfratkim Paifn, kitfreaz jf hcitrcn rfgctc para na sfnfhhkøi jfn prcmraga pcr ui PNH) Xfñanfs VC (Vsfr Cutput)

Jfshrkphkøi jf nas sfñanfs? vëasf Kitfreaz VCP


160


XCP (Xtaijarj Cpfratkim Paifn, sfñanfs jfn paifn jf hcitrcn)


161


Kitfrhciifht (traisefrfihka jkrfhta jf sfñanfs)

1. Fitrajas jfn rclct99 Xankjas jkmktanfs <. Fitrajas jkmktanfs 99 Xankjas jfn rclct 8. Fitrajas jkmktanfs 99 Xankjas jkmktanfs :. Fitrajas XCP 99 Xankjas jkmktanfs 6. Xfñanfs jf sfmurkjaj 99 Xankjas jkmktanfs


16<


Nkib Jfvkhf (finahf hci uia gáqukia EAIVH)

Fnkgkiahkøi jf na hciekmurahkøi jf F/X

Enam


168


Laijfras

Hci na hciekmurahkøi fstáijar ic sf vksuankzai nas laijfras. Para gás jftannfs hcisuntf fn hapçtunc Laijfras


16:

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ 5. Xftup

Fi nas skmukfitfs pámkias fihcitrará ncs jftannfs hci rfspfhtc a ncs gfiÿs


166


Prcm Xfnfht

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Prcmrag Xfnfht Gcjf Kijkha fn gcjc jf sfnfhhkøi jf prcmragas. \X\ Gëtcjc \X\ Gëtcjc PIX PIX XZ[NF Gëtcjc XZ[NF CZDF\ Vsa fn prcm . quf fstá rfmkstrajc fi $XDFNNS ]\B.$hustSiagf. Prcjuhtkci Xtart Gftdcj Kijkha na sfñan usaja para fn arraiquf c para hcitkiuar fn arraiquf. Xf pufjf usar para PIX ø \X\ VCP Xf pufjf usar para XZ[NF JKIR W CZDF\ Fn prcmraga fs kikhkajc pcr $XDFNNS ]\B.$hustSstart71


165


Prcm Xfnfht Prcjuhtkci Hdfhbs Aitfs jfn arraiquf jf na prcjuhhkøi sf hcitrcnai ncs skmukfitfspaitanna. puitcs. Xfnfhhkciaijc E8 (Jftakn) aparfhf sfmukjagfitf na skmukfitf

Hdfhb wdfi rui Fn hcitrcn sf rfankza an arraihar fn prcmraga. Hdfhb wdfi rfsug Fn hcitrcn sf rfankza an rfaiujar fn prcmraga. Prcgpt ke eaknurf Gufstra ui gfisaof jf frrcr fi fn Zfahd Pfijait. Xk fstá ahtkvajc Mfifran cvfrrkjf 100, pcr fofgpnc, pfrc fn cvfrrkjf fs gficr, aparfhf fn gfisaof "Cvfrrkjf nfss tdfi 100". Pcst frrcr ke eaknurf Mfifra ui gfisaof fi na paitanna jf anargas "X[XZ-046 Mfi cvfrrkjf ict 100" Pcst warikim ke ecrhfj Xønc sf utknkza sk fstá ahtkvajc Ecrhf hcijktkci. Fi fstf hasc taglkëi sf fgktf uia anarga.


16=


Prcm Xfnfht

At Dcgf Hdfhb

Hcgprufla na pcskhkøi kikhkan (Dcgf) an arraihar

\fsugf Pcsktkci Zcnfr

Hcgprufla na \fsugf tcnfraihf an hcitkiuar fn arraiquf.

Xkgunatfj K/C

Hcgprufla sk sf skgunai JKs ø JCs.

Mfifran Cvfrrkjf > 100%

Fn prcmraga sønc euihkcia sk na vfnchkjaj fs fqukvanfitf an 100%.

Prcm Cvfrrkjf > 100%

Fn prcmraga sønc euihkcia sk na vfnchkjaj jfn prcmraga fs fqukvanfitf an 100%.

Gahdkif Nchb

Hcgprufla sk sf ahtkvø Gahdkif Nchb fi Zfst Hyhnf.

Xkimnf Xtfp

Fn prcmraga sønc euihkcia sk fstá jfsahtkvajc fn gcjc Xtfp.

Prchfss \fajy Jfpfijf jf na apnkhahkøi. Fi fn hasc jf Xpct Zccn sf vkmknarái ]fnjfr, ]atfr savfr, ]atfr encw y T-ecrgfr cvfrtfgp.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dfartlfat tkgkim

Kijkha na jurahkøi jfn kgpunsc jf na sfñan Dfartlfat. Gçikgc?0gs Jfeaunt?1000gs Gáxkgc?10000gs

Ncw ZFGP J\AG

Ukmkna na utknkzahkøi jf na gfgcrka J\AG. Gçikgc?0bl Jfeaunt?100bl Gáxkgc?;;;;bl

Ncw PF\G HGCX

Ukmkna na utknkzahkøi jf na gfgcrka HGCX. Gçikgc?0bl Jfeaunt?60bl Gáxkgc?;;;;bl

\fsft wdfi Jfajgai prfssfj

\fargf autcgátkhc huaijc, tras scntar fn kitfrruptcr jf dcglrf gufrtc, ëstf vufnvf a sfr punsajc.


164


Mfifran

1. <. 8. :.

Lrabf ci Dcnj ? Para quf ahtÿfi ncs erfics fi fstajc DCNJ Hurrfit Naimuamf? Xfnfhhkøi jf kjkcgas (sønc kimnës) Kmicrf Ceesft hcggaij? Kmicrar kistruhhkcifs Ceesft Kmicrf ZccnSceesft? Kmicrar kistruhhkcifs Zccn Ceesft

Eragfs (hciekmurahkøi Zccn, Vsfr y Ocmeragfs)


16;


Gahrc (askmiahkøi jf gahrcs)

Fi Kistruhtkci iagf pcjrá jfekikr nklrfgfitf na euihkøi Fi Prcmrag pcjrá kisfrtar su prcmraga hci E: (Hdckhf)

VB ? Vsfr Bfy (tfhna jfekikja pcr fn usuarkc) fi fn Zfahd Pfijait XV ? XDKEZ + Vsfr Bfy GE Gfiÿ Gaiuan XP ?? Xtaijarj PaifnEHZI (lctøi jfn paifn jf hcitr cn, Vsuarkc 1 y Vsuarkc < ) ‘ ic fi \O8kH JK ? Fitraja jkmktan \K ? Fitraja jfn rclct VK ? Fitraja jf usuarkc (VKR=W)


150


\fe Pcsktkci


151


Pcrt Kikt (hciekmurahkøi jfn pufrtc sfrkf) Fofgpnc jf rfprfsfitahkøi


15<


Cvrj Xfnfht (sfnf hhkøi jf na vfnchkjaj pcr JK)

Vsfr Anarg (gfisaof jf frrcr jfekikjc pcr fn usuarkc)

Vsfr Anarg sf pufjf nnagar y vksuankzar fi na prcmragahkøi


158


Frrcr Zalnf

Na fxpnkhahkøi na fihcitrará fi fn gaiuan crkmkian


15:

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ 5. Xftup Pámkia < jf ncs sulgfiÿs

Xftup jfn k-Pfijait


156


Xftup jfn k-Pfijait


155


Xftup jfn k-Pfijait

Fsta fitraja aparfhf fi

Xdket + JkXP


15=


Lm ncmkh (Lahbmrcuij ncmkh)

\fsugf Zcn (\fsugf Zcnfraihf)


154


Xtrcbf nkgkt

_cia varkalnf para fn fof 1 Hci na varkalnf kijkhaja sf pufjf haglkar na zcia jf ahhkøi jfn fof juraitf fn traishursc jfn prcmraga


15;


Xpahf Euihtkci

1 ? Fialnf/Jksalnf (ahtkvc/kiahtkvc) < ? Hcggfit (hcgfitarkc) 8 ? Cutput Xkmian (sankja jkmktan) : ? Kiput Xkmian (fitraja jkmktan) 6 ? Prkcrkty (prkcrkjaj, "dkmd" y "ncw") 5 ? kiskjf/cutskjf (jfitrc jf na zcia, eufra jf na zcia)


1=0


Dcst Hcgg


1=1


Pámkia < jf ncs sulgfiÿs

Passwcrj

Ukfif jf na pámkia aitfrkcr


1=<

Ikvfnfs fstáijar Kistann, Xftup, Prcmrag y Cpfratcr

J? Xønc sf vksuankzai ncs vancrfs H? Pcsklnf gcjkekhar ncs vancrfs


1=8

Ikvfnfs agpnkalnfs (jf Nfvfn 8 a Nfvfn =)

Fstcs ikvfnfs sf pufjfi fjktar hci ayuja jf ui fjktcr DZGN. Ncs jftannfs ncs fihcitrará fi fn gaiuan crkmkian


1=:

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ =. Eknf


1=6

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ 4. Xcet Paifn

Aquç sf pufjf vksuankzar uia hcglkiahkøi huanqukfra jf sfñanfs KC utknkzajas hcgc paitanna jf fstajc, hci na pcsklknkjaj jf skgunar y gaikclrar jfsjf aquç nas sfñanfs.


1=5

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ ;. VXF\

Fi fn gfiÿ Vsfr sf vksuankzai ncs gfisaofs (Gfssamf) prfvkagfitf jfekikjcs fi ncs prcmragas.


1==

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < 1. XFNFHZ


1=4

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < 1. XFNFHZ ø

kar

Hrfar AXHKK


1=;

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < <. FJKZ ø


140

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < <. FJKZ ø


141

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < 8. JAZA ø


14<

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < :. Xtatus

\clct rfajy


148


ATKX


14:


ATKX

c

r


146

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia <

:. Xtatus

<. ATKX


145


:. Xtatus

8. Ufrskci KJ


14=


:. Xtatus

:. Xaefty Xkmians

6. Fxfh-Dkst (talna jf fofhuhkøi)


144


:. Xtatus

5. Gfgcry (gfgcrka)

Cphkcian


14;

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < 6. Pcsktkci (gcstrar na pcskhkøi ahtuan)


1;0

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < 5. Xystfg

1. Hnchb (dcra/efhda)

<. Uarkalnfs


1;1


8. CZ \fnfasf (Cvfrtravfn \fnfasf)

:. Axks Nkgkts (nkgktahkøi pcr scetwarf jf ncs fofs)


1;<


6. Hciekm

Ncs jftannfs ncs fihcitrará fi fn gaiuan crkmkian


1;8


5. Gctkci (Payncaj/harma ÿtkn y Argncaj/harma jfn lrazc)


1;:

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < =. Vsfr Para apnkhahkcifs BA\FN


1;6

Fstruhtura jfn gfiÿ Pámkia < 4. Lrcwsfr (iavfmajcr)

1. Lrcwsfr (iavfmajcr)

<. Xftup jfn Paifn


1;5

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs para fn hursc jf ecrgahkøi


1;=

Çijkhf jf hcitfikjc ‘ Dcoas jf fofrhkhkcs Çijkhf jf hcitfikjc Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs .................................................................................................. <00 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs ............................................................................. <01 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita.................................................................... <0< Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jf na dfrragkfita............................ <08 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jfn Vsfreragf ................................. <0: Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Axks Nkgkts............. ......................................................... <06 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Hrfar ui icglrf jf prcmraga......... .............................. <05 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Prcmraga "Akrf" .............. ............................................... <0= Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? "Ockit" jf huatrc puitcs ................................................. <04 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? "Ockit jf huatrc puitcs hci HIZ 60" ............................. <0; Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Huatrc puitcs "Nkifan" ................... ................................ <10 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Huatrc puitcs "Nkifan - Uarkcs" ...................................... <11 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Hkrhunar........................................................................... <1< Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Fnkgkiar, hcpkar f kisfrtar .................. ............................ <18 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Pcskhkøi lasf................................................................. <1: Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? OGP.............. .................................................................. <16 <15 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Eragfs.................... ....................................................... <1= Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? HANN .............................................................................. <14 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Xankja jfn rclct .............................................................. <1; Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Xankja jfn rclct f kistruhhkøi jf fspfra ‘ 1ª Partf ...... <<0 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Xankja jfn rclct f kistruhhkøi jf fspfra - <ª Partf ....... <<1 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fhcmfr y jfpcsktar a partkr jf ui prcmrag a prkihkpan .. <<< Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fmkstrcs f kistruhhkcifs KE........................................... <<8 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fmkstrcs f kistruhhkcifs KE........................................... <<: Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fgarb .......................................................................... <<6 Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? ]akt JK ........................................................................... <<5


1;4


1;;

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs

Jfspnahf fn rclct fi fn gcjc jf fofs kijkvkjuanfs a hfrc mrajcs. Vtknkhf taglkëi na paitanna jf pcskhkcifs.

OCKIZ

Punsf fn lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi


<00

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs

Jfspnahf fn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas uikvfrsanfs

OME\G

Punsf fn lctøi jf hciekrgahkøi

] P \


<01

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfspnazagkfitc jf ncs rclcts fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita

Jfspnahf fn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jf na dfrragkfita ZCCN

Gufva fn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas OME\G a travës jf na pkfza ankifaja dahka fn tclcmái jf pkfzas. A hcitkiuahkøi, sfnfhhkcif na hccrjfiaja ZCCN y gufva fn rclct fi jkrfhhkøi +_ Uufnva a apartar fn rclct jf na pkfza hci ‘_. A hcitkiuahkøi, kitfitf ahhfjfr a na pkfza fi na hccrjfiaja OME\G. ³Quë tkpc jf skstfga jf hccrjfiajas fs gás hcivfikfitf fi fstf hasc3

Apuitfs


<0<

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jf na dfrragkfita ³Fi quë puitc jf na dfrragkfita tkfif quf jfekikr fn ZHP3 ³Høgc tkfif quf jfekikr nas hccrjfiajas fi fn ZHP3 ³Quë tkpc jf dfrragkfita utknkza3

Pkiza jf scnjajura 

Lcquknna jf pfmagfitc



Xcpnftf jf scnjajura



Pkiza paranfna  Fofrhkhkc? Zcgf nas gfjkjas jf fsta dfrragkfita hci fn gëtcjc jf 5 puitcs.


<08

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Jfekikr nas gfjkjas jfn Vsfreragf Zcgf nas gfjkjas jf jcs Vsfr Eragfs. Jfekia fn Vsfreragf 1 y gufva fn rclct fi fn skstfga jf hccrjfiajas jfn usuarkc (VXF\). Lrazc mkratcrkc ? Zclcmái jf pkfzas ?

Vsfr 1 Vsfr <

Gfsa jfn rclct <


<0:

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Axks Nkgkts Aoustf ncs nçgktfs jfn prkgfr (O1) fof. Gcjkekquf fn vancr jf ecrga quf fn rclct ic pufja traspasar na nçifa (A) hci fn prkgfr fof. A

Gfsa jfn rclct Lrazc mkratcrkc \clct

Apuitfs


<06

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Hrfar ui icglrf jf prcmraga Hrff ui iufvc prcmraga, pcr fofgpnc hci fn icglrf jf prcmraga "Akrf". Huánfs sci ncs pascs ifhfsarkcs?     

Punsar na tfhna Xfnfht Zfhna jf euihkøi E< (H\FAZF) ……………………………………………………………….. ……………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………..


<05

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Prcmraga "Akrf" Hrff ui prcmraga jf akrf hci fn tkpc jf kitfrpcnahkøi "O" y hci fn tkpc jf hkfrrf EKIF. Hrff fn iufvc prcmraga "AK\F" Vtknkhf fn iÿgfrc jf dfrragkfita 1 y ahtçvfnc. Aschkf sus prcmragas an Vsfreragf "Hfrc" Prcmragf 6 puitcs 8J Kikhkf y hcgpruflf fn prcmraga fi fn gcjc Z1 y Z< Vtknkhf E]J y L]J Vtknkhf XZFP Fitrfif hci fstf prcmraga na prcmragar pcstfrkcrgfitf hci na euihkøi jf aprfijkzaof jf nas pcskhkcifs        


<0=

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? "Ockit" jf huatrc puitcs Fn fofrhkhkc? Hrff uia sfhufihka hci 6 pcskhkcifs Fn icglrf jf prcmraga fs? Vtknkhf fn lcarj garbfr (rctunajcr) hci na lasf fi fn lrazc mkratcrkc. Aoustf ui ZHP iufvc fi fn lcarj garbfr. Ahtkvf na dfrragkfita y fn Vsfreragf quf fstë utknkzaijc. Zrahf ui huajrajc c ui rfhtáimunc hci fn rclct y hci fn rctunajcr. Garquf fn trayfhtc jf jfspnazagkfitc fi fn hrcquks.

Gfsa jfn rclct Lrazc mkratcrkc


<04

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? "Ockit jf huatrc puitcs hci HIZ 60" Hcpkf fn prcmraga "Ockit" jf huatrc puitcs Fn icglrf jf prcmraga fs? Gcjkekquf adcra fn tkpc jf hkfrrf fi jcs pcskhkcifs. Ahtkvf na dfrragkfita y fn Vsfreragf quf fstë utknkzaijc. Zrahf ui huajrajc c ui rfhtáimunc hci fn rclct y hci fn rctunajcr. Garquf fn trayfhtc jf jfspnazagkfitc fi fn hrcquks.



<0;

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Huatrc puitcs "Nkifan" Hcpkf fn prcmraga "Ockit" jf huatrc puitcs Fn icglrf jf prcmraga fs? Gcjkekquf adcra fn tkpc jf gcvkgkfitc fi tcjas nas pcskhkcifs. Ahtkvf na dfrragkfita y fn Vsfreragf quf fstë utknkzaijc. Zrahf ui huajrajc c ui rfhtáimunc hci fn rclct y hci fn rctunajcr. Garquf fn trayfhtc jf jfspnazagkfitc fi fn hrcquks.



<10

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Huatrc puitcs "Nkifan - Uarkcs" Hcpkf fn prcmraga "Nkifan" jf huatrc puitcs Fn icglrf jf prcmraga fs? Askmif ui hcgfitarkc para na pcskhkøi 1 A L

H

J F

Gcjkekquf na vfnchkjaj jfn puitc <

Kitrcjuzha 1600 y punsf Fitfr


<11

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Hkrhunar Vtknkhf fsta dcoa hci na ecrga prfjfekikja para prcmragar ui gcvkgkfitc hkrhunar. Hrff ui iufvc prcmraga hci fn icglrf "Hkrh" Hcncquf fsta dcoa fihkga jfn lrazc mkratcrkc. Vtknkhf nas mrapas para ekoar na dcoa.


<1<

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Fnkgkiar, hcpkar f kisfrtar   

Hcpkf uia nçifa jf su prcmraga jf akrf Kisfrtf na nçifa hcpkaja fi fn puitc quf ustfj jftfrgkif Fnkgkif na nçifa kisfrtaja

Apuitfs


<18

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Pcskhkøi lasf Hrff ui prcmraga iufvc hci na skmukfitf pcskhkøi Zralaof hci Vsfr "0" y hci su Zccn "333"


<1:

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? OGP Alra huanqukfr prcmraga jfsfajc (Akrf, Huatrc puitcs ... fth.) Gcjkekquf fstf prcmraga jf na skmukfitf ecrga f kiçhkfnc. Ic cnvkjf quf fi na nçifa 1 ifhfskta uia nçifa vahça.

³Quë pcsklknkjajfs tkfif jf parar fn prcmraga3


<16

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Eragfs Hrff ui prcmraga VXF\ 1 fi hcglkiahkøi hci fn lrazc mkratcrkc, hci Zccn 33 y Vsfr 33 ahtkvcs. 8 pcskhkcifs Hrff ui prcmraga VXF\ < fi hcglkiahkøi hci fn tclcmái jf pkfzas, hci Zccn 33 y Vsfr 33 ahtkvcs. 8 pcskhkcifs


Prcmraga 1

Prcmraga <



<15

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Eragfs Ukfif jf na pámkia aitfrkcr Kisfrtf jcs nçifas vahças fi ncs prcmragas

Amrfmuf na kistruhhkøi VZCCNSIVG y VE\AGFSIVG Fofgpnc

Apuitfs


<1=

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? HANN Amrfmuf uia kistruhhkøi HANN an prcmraga VXF\ 1

Kikhkf fn prcmraga VXF\ 1 fi fn gcjc XZFP/Z1 y clsfrvf høgc sf fefhtÿa na lkeurhahkøi. A tfihkøi? P rfs tar atfihkøi a h cnks kcifs

Apuitfs

Eki jfn fofrhkhkc _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

<14

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Xankja jfn rclct Hrff ui iufvc prcmraga jfn tkpc "\FHCMKJA". Ahtkvf na dfrragkfita y fn iÿgfrc jf usuarkc. Fi fsta sfhufihka jfn prcmraga sf jflf rfhcmfr uia pkfza jfn tclcmái jf pkfzas. Xfhufihka P 1

P <

P 8

Hfrrar na pkiza huaijc fstë anhaizajc fn puitc 8

Fstruhtura prfekoaja jfn prcmraga (vëaisf taglkëi ncs huajrcs jf tfxtc) Iÿgfrc hcrrfhtc

CI ø CEE

Hcgpruflf su prcmraga fi fn gcjc Xtfp Hcitkiÿa fi na pámkia skmukfitf


<1;

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Xankja jfn rclct f kistruhhkøi jf fspfra ‘ 1ª Partf Hcgpnftf fn prcmraga hci uia kistruhhkøi "]akt" jf 0.6 sfh

Gcjc jf prchfjfr E1

Hcgpruflf y cptkgkhf su prcmraga Hcitkiÿa fi na pámkia skmukfitf _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

<<0

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? Xankja jfn rclct f kistruhhkøi jf fspfra <ª Partf Hrff ui iufvc prcmraga jfn tkpc "JFPCXKZA\". Ahtkvf ncs Eragfs aitfs jf hciekmurar fn prcmraga. P 1 P <

P 8

Alra na pkiza huaijc fstë anhaizajc fn puitc 8

Hcgpruflf su prcmraga Hcitkiÿa fi na pámkia skmukfitf


<<1

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fhcmfr y jfpcsktar a partkr jf ui prcmraga prkihkpan Hrff ui prcmraga jfn tkpc "P\KIHKPAN" A travës jf uia kistruhhkøi HANN, kivcquf fi su prcmraga prkihkpan ncs prcmragas \FHCMF\ y JFPCXKZA\. Vtknkhf OGPSNLN y NLN para quf fn prcmraga sfa prchfsajc fi ui luhnf skieçi.

Eki jfn fofrhkhkc


<<<

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fmkstrcs f kistruhhkcifs KE Gcjkekquf su prcmraga prkihkpan, amrfmaijc uia ajkhkøi jf rfmkstrc y uia kistruhhkøi KE. Jflfrçai rfpftkrsf huatrc vfhfs ncs prcmragas \FHCMF\ y JFPCXKZA\ Fstruhtura jfn prcmraga prkihkpan Hcp

f Xk ustfj tralaoa hci fn k-Pfijait, utknkhf na rfprfsfitahkøi jclnf juraitf fn prchfsagkfitc jfn prcmraga. Asç pcjrá clsfrvar fn vancr jfn rfmkstrc.

Xk ustfj tralaoa hci tfrgkian jf gaijc gaiuan hcivfihkcian, punsf JAZA juraitf fn prchfsagkfitc jfn prcmraga. Hci FJKZ pcjrá vcnvfr an prcmraga. Hcgpruflf su prcmraga Hcitkiÿa fi na pámkia skmukfitf _-BAF-Z\I-Mruijburs-kL/kH-

<<8

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fmkstrcs f kistruhhkcifs KE Agpnçf fn prcmraga, kivchaijc fn prcmraga jf pcskhkøi lasf an ekian jfn prcmraga prkihkpan pcr gfjkc jf uia kistruhhkøi HANN.


<<:

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? \fgarb Hcgpnfgfitf su prcmraga prkihkpan hci ui hcgfitarkc (\fgarb)

Apuitfs


<<6

Dcoa jf fofrhkhkcs? ]akt JK Hcgpnfgfitf su prcmraga prkihkpan hci na kistruhhkøi ]AKZ JKR1W 7 CI Askmif ui hcgfitarkc jf "hcitrcn jf pkfza" a na fitraja jkmktan Xkgunf na fitraja c utknkhf na haoa jf jkstrkluhkøi jf F/X


<<5

Apuitfs


<<=


<<4


<<;


<80


<81


<8<


<88


<8:


<86


<85


<8=


<84


<8;


<:0


<:1


<:<


<:8


<::


<:6


<:5


<:=


<:4


<:;

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