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Capítulo Introdução
Fernanda Meireles Ferreira Marcelo Souto Nacif
1
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4
Manual de Técnicas em Ressonância Magnética
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Manual de Técnicas em Ressonância Magnética
10
Figura 2.1
(A e B) Felix Bloch ( A) e Edward Purcel ( B) receberam o Prêmio Nobel de Física em 1952 pelo desenvolvimento de novos métodos de medição precisa do magnetismo nuclear
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Princípios Básicos
19
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Princípios Básicos
Figura 3.6
25
O decaimento do T2 corresponde à deterioração da magnetização transversal em razão da interação dos campos magnéticos individuais dos núcleos. Todos os núcleos giram inicialmente em fase (como indicado pela posição similar das faixas escuras na parte inferior de cada círculo); em seguida, movimentam-se fora de fase (com as faixas escuras em posições diferentes)
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Figura 3.7
A deterioração de T2* é o decaimento da magnetização transversal por causa da heterogeneidade do campo magnético, em que alfa = inclinação) e B 0 = campo magnético externo
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Componentes básicos e a “arquitetura” de um sistema de ressonância magnética
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(A a C) Modelo Symphony ® da Siemens 1,5T (aparelho do Hospital de Clínicas de Niterói – RJ) (A); Verio® da Siemens de 3T (B) e Achieva ® da Phillips de 3T (C). (Imagens cedidas pelo Departamento de Radiologia do National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center [Bethesda, EUA])
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Figura 5.7
Manual de Técnicas em Ressonância Magnética
(A a C) Bobinas de arranjo de fase são bobinas múltiplas que trabalham de forma conjugada reproduzindo o sinal de uma região com melhor RSR
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Manual de Técnicas em Ressonância Magnética
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Figura 9.5
Técnica MOTSA. Vários volumes do tecido de interesse a ser estudado são excitados separadamente, em sequência, e depois reconstruídos, diminuindo a saturação indesejada
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(A e B) Princípios básicos das aquisições da técnica de PC: são emitidos dois pulsos de saturação opostos um ao outro, funcionando como um sistema de resultantes. Nos spins móveis (A), representados pelo sangue, a resultante é diferente de zero, levando a um vetor que corresponde a um desvio de fase. Já no tecido estacionário ( B) a resultante é igual a zero (ilustração idealizada pelo autor)
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(A a C) Três diferentes imagens de realce tardio. IR sensível à fase (PSIR) no eixo curto de um coração normal (A); IR fl ash segmentado (B); e IR de pulso único (single shot ) (C). As imagens B e C mostram um infarto no território da coronária descendente anterior com sinais de obstrução microvascular
192
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Imagem de fluxo mostrando as variações entre o fluxo na aorta ascendente e na aorta descendente
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Figura 11.4
Perfusão cerebral por RM. Observar o mapa com padrão de perfusão normal e simétrico em ambos os hemisférios cerebelares. Através desses mapas podemos calcular os volumes sanguíneos que passam pelo encéfalo e compará-los entre as diversas regiões do parênquima. Esta sequência é muito útil na análise de tumores e do acidente vascular encefálico (AVE)
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Paciente do sexo feminino com doença de Alzheimer. Espectroscopia mostrando redução do NAA e elevação do MI. Taxa MI/NAA elevada
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