Makalah Kromatografi Gas

MAKALAH KROMATOGRAFI GAS

DOSEN PEMBIMBING : Ir. KA Ridwan, M.T.

DISUSUN OLEH :

1. MUHA MUHAMM MMAD AD JAKA JAKA DEW DEWANTA NTARA 2. VEBERIA PANJAITAN

(061 (06154 5404 0411 1189 895) 5) (061540411)

POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA SRIWIJAYA !"#

DAFTAR ISI

Halama J!"!l ########################................ ########################.......................1 .......1 Da$%a& I' #.##########################................ #.##########################...................2 ...2 Da$%a& am*a& ........................................... .................................................................. .............................................. ............................................+ .....................+ Da$%a& Ta*,l Ta*,l ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ........................4 .4 l-'a&!m ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ...........................5 ....5 Ka%a P,a%a& ####################..............#####.... ####################..............#####.....6 .6 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. /a%a& B,laa #.......##############............................................ #.......##############............................................ B. R!m!'a Ma'ala ......................###############....................... ......................###############....................... 3. T!!a .........########........... .........########....................#########............ .........#########...........................8 ...............8 BAB II LANDASAN TEORI A. T,-& T,-& K&-ma%-&a$ a' ............................................ ................................................................... .............................................. .........................9 ..9 BAB III APLIKASI DAN $ONTOH A. Ala' "a 3-%- "a& K&-ma%-&a$ a' ...........................................................1 ...........................................................11 1 BAB I% PEMBAHASAN A. P,,&%a P,,&%a  K&-ma%-&a$ a' .............................................. ..................................................................... .....................................12 ..............12 B. '%,m ,&ala%a &-ma%-&a$ a' ............................................................ ..........................................................................12 ..............12 3. P&' K,&a &-ma%-&a$ a' ............................................ ................................................................... ...................................16 ............16 D. 3a&a ,&a K&-ma%-&a$ a' ............................................ ................................................................... ......................................16 ...............16 E. 3-%- Aal'' Da%a 3 #############....................................#16 #############....................................#16 7. K,l,*a "a K,!&aa K&-ma%-&a$ a' ........................................................19 ........................................................19 BAB % PENUTUP A. K,'m!la###.................. K,'m!la###.....................##############....#............. ...##############....#..................20 .....20 B. a&a............................................ a&a................................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................20 ......20 3. R,-m,"a' ........................................... .................................................................. .............................................. ........................................20 .................20

.................................................................. .............................................. ..................................... .............. 21 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...........................................

2

DAFTAR GAMBAR

am*a& IV B.1. Raaa Ala% K&-ma%-&a$ a' .......................................... 8 am*a& IV B.2. K-l-m K&-ma%-&a$ a' ........................................................ 10 am*a& IV.E.1. 3-%- &-ma%-&am ###############... 16

3

DAFTAR TABEL

Ta*,l IV.B.1. 3-%- Detector "alam K&-ma%-&a$ a' ....................................... 12

4

GLOSARIUM

1. Breathing zone ',*aa -a "alam 0:+m(a%a! 10 ;) &a"!' ,,&a "! "a m!l!%: "a %,la !m!m "a'!m'a *aa %,&"& "a& l!,& >a ;-;- ,&a% "alam ',*!a %a*!. Pl!,& "aa% "%a& "a ""-&- *,&'ama "alam %a*! 'l",& ("',*!% ,& *a&,l): >a m,m!a a&!m '!% !%! m,am*l "a m,!'& a' ;a& a%a! m,lal! '!a%! l!*a a"a !! %,&*!a %a*!. 4. Derivatisasi m,&!aa &-',' ma< !%! m,!*a '!a%! ',>a a a m,m!>a '$a%?'$a% >a ','!a !%! "la!a aal'' m,!aa &-ma%-&a$ a' (m,a" l,* m!"a m,!a) 5. Adsorpsi a"ala '!a%! &-',' >a %,&a" ,%a '!a%! $l!"a: ;a&a ma!! a': %,&a% ,a"a '!a%! a"a%a a%a! ;a&a "a a&>a m,m*,%! '!a%! la'a %' a"a ,&m!aa>a. 6. Keatsirian  ,;,",&!a m-l,!l !%! m,!a a%a! *,&!*a , ,a"aa !a. . Homogen  ;am!&a " maa ',m!a *aa m,ml '!'!a >a 'ama "a ',&aam. 8. Elusi  &-',' m,,'%&a' a% >a !m!m>a a"a% "a& ;am!&a a% ",a m,!aa a% ;a&. 9. iltrat  '!*'%a' > %,la m,l,a& 10. !ea"ti#  '$a% ;,",&!: %aa: a%a! ',,&a *,&,a' %,&a"a ','!a%! >a %m*!l a%a! m!;!l. 11. $i"ros"opis *,&'a!%a ",a m&-'-@ 2 '$a% !!&a > 'aa% ,;l "a %"a "aa% "la% ",a ma%a %,laa ',a ",&l!a m&-'- !%! "aa% m,la%>a ",a ,la'. 12. Polimer  a% >a "a'la ",a ;a&a -lm,&'a' "a& m-l,!l >a 'aa% *a>a ",a 'a%!a '%&!%!& *,&a%a aa: *a l!&!': *,&;a*a: ma!! m,>la >a *,&!la: m'al la'%: ',&a%: a&,%: "a a&a %!*! ma!'a. 1+. Pirolisis ,&!*aa ',;a&a ma< >a %,&a" a&,a aa'. 14. %ermostati"  -"' " maa '!! "*!a% %,%a.

5

KATA PENGANTAR

P! '>!!& , a"&a% T!a a Maa E'a >a %,la m,lmaa &ama% "a a&!a?N>a: ',a a%a' ?N>a am "aa% m,>,l,'aa ,m*!a%a maala  !%! m,m,! %!a' ma%a !la Kma P,m'aa "a K&-ma%-&a$. P,!l' !a  *,&%,&ma a' ,a"a ',m!a -&a  l,m*aa >a %,la m,m*a%! ,!l' "alam ,m*!a%a maala : >a%! 1. Baa I&. KA R"a ',lal! m,m*,&a *a%!a: "!!a: "a ',maa% ',a ,!l' "aa% m,>,l,'aa a&>a %!l' . +. T,ma?%,ma maa''a %,la m,m*a%! m,m*,&a '&a' "alam ,!l'a maala . 4. ,m!a a >a %,la m,m*a%! "a m,m*,&a "!!a "alam ,,&aa %!a' ma%a !la ,m'aa "a &-ma%-&a$ >a %"a *'a am ',*!%a 'a%! ,& 'a%!. K,',m!&aa a>ala ml T!a: -l, a&,a %! ,!l' m,>a"a& *aa %!l'  %"ala ',m!&a. A"a>a ,%,&*a%a'a ,mam!a ,!l' !a ',ma m,,a'a *aa %!l'  ma' a! "a& ,',m!&aa. P,!l' 'aa% *,&a&a aa& a&a ,m*a;a >a %,la m,m*a;a a&>a %!l'  "aa% m,m*,&a &% >a -'%&!%$: ',a ,!l' "aa% m,a%a a'l ,!l'a>a " la ,',ma%a: ',&%a "aa% m,m!a'a a&a ,m*a;a. Pal,m*a: 20 J! 201+

P,!l'

6

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. La&ar B'(a)an* K&-ma%-&a$ a"ala ;a&a ,m'aa ;am!&a >a ""a'a&a a%a' ,&*,"aa "'%&*!' "a& -m-, ;am!&a %,&',*!% "a%a&a>a "!a $a',: >a%! $a', "am ( stationary) "a $a', *,&,&a (mo&ile). 7a', "am "aa% *,&!a a% a"a% a%a! a% ;a&: ',"aa $a', *,&,&a "aa% *,&!a a% ;a& a%a! a'. Dalam &-ma%-&a$ $a', *,&,&a "aa% *,&!a a' a%a! a% ;a& "a $a', "am "aa% *,&!a a% a"a% a%a! a% ;a&.

Ba>a>a ma;am?ma;am &-ma%-&a$ >a 'ala 'a%!>a a"ala &-ma%-&a$ a': >a m,&!aa m,%-", &-ma%-&a$ ,&%ama >a ",m*aa a"a ama '%&!m, "a ,l,%&-a. K&-ma%-&a$ a' "aa% "aa !%! ',%a ;am!&a "maa ',m!a -m-,>a m,m!>a %,aa !a >a *,&a&%: '!! %,aa !a >a "aa !%! &-',' ,m'aa. T,aa !a m,m!a -m-, m,!a "a *,&,&a *,&'ama? 'ama ",a $a', ,&a >a *,&!a a'. Pa"a aa &-ma%-&a$ a' a>a "!aa "alam aal'' a': %,%a ",a ,ma!a %,-l-: &-ma%-&a$ a' "aa% "!aa !%! aal'' *aa ;a& "a a"a% ",a '>a&a% *aa aa "aal'' m!"a m,!a a%a! *'a "",&=a%'a' %,&l,* "a!l! m,a" *aa >a m!"a m,!a. K&-ma%-&a$ a' "aa% !a "a%aa ',*aa '!a%! %, aal'' >a m,;a! m,%-"a ,m'aa "a m,%-"a ,,%!a *a ',;a&a !al%a%$ ma!! !a%%a%$. B,%! aal'' l,a  m,&!aa ,!!la !%ama "a& &-ma%-&a$. D "alam &-ma%-&a$ " ,&l!a a"a>a "!a $a', >a %"a 'al m,>am!&:>a%! $a'a "am "a $a'a ,&a. 7a'a "am>a "' "aa% *,&!a '!a%! a% a"a% >a "%,ma%a " "alam '!a%! -l-m a%a! "aa% !a *,&!a ;a&a %,&',&a (%,&a"'-&') *,&!a la'a >a %' a"a *!%&?*!%& al!' '!a%! a% a"a% ,"!! ( solid support material ) >a " %,ma%a " "alam -l-m. 7a', ,&a>a "aa% *,&!a a' (a' ,m*aa %,&a' a%a&a 'am,l "a ;a&a: ",a m,!aa $a', ;a& '%a"a& >a ",%a! ,$,%$ !%! *,&*aa ',>aa ,m'aa "alam 3 a"ala "',*a*a -l, ,&*,"aa "alam ,mam!a "'%&*!' aal% "a%a&a $a', ,&a "a $a', "am " "alam -l-m a"a ,;,a%a "a a *,&*,"a. B. R++-an Ma-a(a B,*,&aa ,&ma'alaa >a aa "*aa' "alam maala  a"ala  1. Aaa ,,&%a "a& &-ma%-&a$ a'C

2. Aa 'aa ''%,m ,&ala%a &-ma%-&a$ a'C +. Aaa &' ,&a "a& &-ma%-&a$ a'C 4. Baamaa ;a&a ,&a &-ma%-&a$ a'C 5. Baamaa ;-%- aal'' "a%a 3C 6. Aa 'aa ,l,*a "a ,l,maa &-ma%-&a$ a'C

7

$. T+/+an A"a! %!!a "a& ,m*!a%a maala  a"ala  1. M,,%a! ,,&%a "a& &-ma%-&a$ a'.

2. M,,%a! ''%,m ,&ala%a &-ma%-&a$ a'. +. M,,%a! &' ,&a "a& &-ma%-&a$ a'. 4. M,,%a! ;a&a ,&a &-ma%-&a$ a'. 5. M,,%a! ;-%- aal'' "a%a 3. 6. M,,%a! ,l,*a "a ,l,maa &-ma%-&a$ a'.

8

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

A. T'0ri Kr0a&0*ra1i GaK&-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala &-',' ,m'aa ;am!&a m,a" -m-,? -m-,>a ",a m,!aa a' ',*aa $a', *,&,&a >a m,l,a "am.K&-ma%-&a$ a' $a', ,&a "a $a', "am>a "a%a&a>a  •

•

7a', ,&a a"ala a' "a a% %,&la&!% %,&'a ',*aa !a. P,m'aa %,&;aa ",a a&%' 'am,l a%a&a $a', a' *,&,&a 7a', "am *,&!a ;a&a ",a %% "" % (%"a m!"a m,!a) >a %,&a% a"a a% a"a% ,!a>a

K&-ma%-&a$ a' %,&ma'! "alam 'ala 'a%! ala% aal'' (aal'' !al%a%$ "a aal'' !a%%a%$): &-ma%-&a$ a' "aa&a ',*aa ;a&a aal'' >a "aa% "!aa !%! m,aal'' ',>aa a%! &-ma%-&a$ a' a"a% (KP): "a &-ma%-&a$ a' ;a& (K3). Dalam ,"!a al  ',*aa $a'a *,&,&a a"ala a' (a ,"!a>a "',*!% &-ma%-&a$ a'): %,%a $a'a "am>a *,&*,"a. M,'! ,"!a ;a&a %,&',*!% m,m!>a *a>a ,&'amaa. P,&*,"aa a%a&a ,"!a>a a>a %,%a ;a&a ,&a. Pa"a &-ma%-&a$ a' a"a% (KP) %,&"aa% a"'-&*' "a a"a &-ma%-&a$ a' ;a& (K3) %,&"aa% a&%' (la&!%a). K&-ma%-&a$ a' a"a% (KP) "!aa ',*,l!m %a! 1800 !%! m,m!&a a'. M,%-",  aa !&a *,&,m*a. P,,m!a ,'?,' a"a%a *a&! ',*aa a'l &',% m,m,&l!a' ,!aa m,%-", . K,l,maa m,%-",  m& ",a &-ma%-&a$ ;a& a"a%:',"aa &-ma%-&a$ a' ;a& ',& "',*!% -l, a&a aa& ma -&a ',*aa &-ma%-&a$ $a'a !a. P,&%ama al ",ala -l, Jam,' "a Ma&% a"a %a! 1952. M,%-",  al *a>a "!aa a&,a ,$',: ',&*a !a: ;,a% "a ,a. 3!la ",a !!&a *,*,&aa m&-&am 'am,l ",a !!&a 10 &am ma' "aa% "",%,'. K-m-, ;!la a&!' m,m!>a %,aa *,*,&aa %-&& a"a '!! -l-m.(U",&<--":2004) Da'a& ,m'aa ',;a&a &-ma%-&a$ a' ala ,>,*a&a ;!la "a%a&a 2 $a',. ala 'a%! $a', a"ala $a', "am >a ,&m!aa>a '* l!a' "a $a', >a la a"ala a' >a m,,l!'!& $a', "am. Bla $a'a "am *,&!a a% a"a% "',*!% ',*aa &-ma%-&a$ a' a"a%. I ""a'a&a a"a ,>,&aa ,ma'a -l-m !%! m,m'aa ;!la %,&!%ama ;!la a'. K,ma'a -l-m >a lam "aa ala 'la ,l "a a&a. Da *la $a'a "am *,&!a a% ;a& "',*!% &-ma%-&a$ a' ;a&. 7a'a ;a& ""aa%a *,&!a la'a %' a"a a% a"a% >a l,m*am "a ,m'aa ""a'a&a a"a a&%' ;!la >a ma'! "a ,l!a& "a& la'a a% ;a& . (M; Na':1988) Dalam &-ma%-&a$ a':$a', ,&a *,&!a a' l,m*am ',,&% ,l!m:%&-,:a&-:"a "&-, ",&aa ",a %,aa m,lal! a >a *,&' $a', "am. T,aa !a a%a! ,a%'&a m,m!a -m-, m,!a "a *,&,&a *,&'ama?'ama ",a $a', ,&a >a *,&!a a'. K&-ma%-&a$ a' m,&!aa m,%-", >a 'aa% %,a% "a ;,a% !%! m,m'aa ;am!&a >a 'aa% &!m%. K-m-, ;am!&a "aa% "",%$a' ",a m,!aa a a' a"a -"' >a %,a%. Wa%! &,%,' a"ala a m,!!a *,&aa lama '!a%! ',>a
9

K,!%!a m,!aa &-ma%-&a$ a' >a%! a 'a% "a ,%aama ,m'aa >a %: "aa% m,!aa -l-m l,* aa !%! m,a'la ,$,',' ,m'aa >a %: a>a m,m*!%!a ;am!&a ;!la >a 'aa% ',"%: "a ,',%m*aa a&%' a%a&a a' "a ;a&a *,&la'! ;,a% ',a aal'' &,la%$ l,* ;,a% "a ','%$%a'>a %:',"aa ,&!a m,!aa &-ma%-&a$ a' >a%! a>a "aa% "!aa !%! m,aal'' 'am,l >a m!"a m,!a: %"a "aa% "aa !%! m,m'aa ;am!&a "alam !mla >a *,'a&: "a $a', a' "*a"a ',*aa *,'a& $a', ;a& %"a *,&'$a% &,a%$ %,&a"a $a', "am "a a% %,&la&!%. (A"am-=;': J.A.: 199)

10

BAB III APLIKASI DAN $ONTOH

A. A2(i)a-i dan $0n&0 dari Kr0a&0*ra1i GaK&-ma%-&a$ "aa% "ala'a "alam *,&*aa *"a:am! a"a maala  a>a "%amla + ala' a"a *"a >a *,&*,"a. K,%a *"a %,&',*!% *,',&%a ala'>a a"ala

1. Dalam *"a ,&%aa Pa"a %aama >a "!aa (;-%- a,l:&:"a %-ma%) "!*a m,a" ;am!&a -m-, ",a m,am*l 50 &am. E'%&a ,'%'"a "&-',' ',*aa 'am,l -l, 1+0 ;m+ m,%a-l "a "a"! ",a m,' ,a"! ',lama 40 m,%. ,m!"a "'a& m,l,a%! 10 -%a''!m l-&"a . ',la!%>a ,'%'"a ,m*al ',*a>a 2 ",a 80 ;m+. 1 ml a"a ;am!&a %! "&-ma%-&a$ a"a -l-m ",a +  E?+0 (200 ;m  2mm) a"a '!! 150-3 (4m,%) F 6-3m,%? 2+0-3 "a ",a +  GV?1 (200 ;m  4mm) a"a '!! 220-3 (4m,%) F +-3m,%? 240-3. %,m,&a%!& in'ector "a detector >a%! 250-3 "a +00-3. D,a m,!aa m,%-", 3 ",a m,%-", E?+0  GV?1 m,ml a&a%,&'% >a l,* *a "alam ','%=%a' "a a ""aa% !%! ,,%!a "a& *,*,&aa ,'%'"a ""aa% a'l > *a a"a ,,%!a aal%al ',*,'a& 94 "maa "aa% "!aa !%! m,aa *!a %aama %,%a ',a& "a "aa% *,&&-"!' ",a *a. 2. Dalam *"a ,',a%a Dalam *"a ,',a%a &-ma%-&a$ a' "aa% "!aa !%! m,,%!a a"a& -l,'%,&-l ",a &-ma%-&a$ a' ",a ;a&a ",&=a%'a'. D,&=a%'a' -l,'%,&-l "aal'' ",a detector $lam, -'a'. Pa"a ",&=a%'a' '%,&-l -l-m 3 "la' ",a -l-a 'la-l a%$ a"a ,&m!aa >a %,&*!a% "a& 'la >a "aa% m,;,a a"'-&' aal% >a %"a "aa% "",&%=a' ',a a!a !;a %"a "aa% %,&ama%. M,'! !;a *,*,&aa a'am l,ma m,%l ,'%,& ma' a"a "alam &-ma%-&am:%,%a %"a ama a"a 'aa% ,m'aa a%a! -%ama' a"a -l-m al,&:,l!' a>a %,&a" a"a *"a ,la&!%. +. Dalam *"a l!a Dalam *"a l!a &-ma%-&a$ a' "aa% "!aa !%! m,la!a ,!!&a -',%&a' *,,a:%-l!,:"a (ylen (BT). P,!!&a BT "la!a !%! m,,%a! -',%&a' BT a"a &reathing zone ,,&a. am,l !"a&a "am*l ",a m,!aa ala% personal sampler pump >a %,la "al*&a' %,&l,* "a!l!. Aal'' BT "la!a ",a m,",'-&*' $l%,& m,!aa a&*- "'!l$"a ,m!"a "aal'' m,!aa &-ma%-&a$ a' H, ',*aa a' ,m*a
11

BAB I% PEMBAHASAN

A. P'n*'r&ian Kr0a&0*ra1i GaK&-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala ;a&a ,m'aa &-ma%-&a$ m,!aa a' ',*aa $a'a ,,&a. a% >a "'aa "l,a "' ",a $a'a "am. a' ,m*a a "!aa "alam ma -&a !%! ,m'aa "a aal''. 3 "aa% "!aa !%! m,! ,m!&a "a& *aa %,&%,%!: a%a! m,m'aa *,&*aa -m-, "a& ;am!&a. Dalam *,*,&aa '%!a': 3 "aa% m,m*a%! "alam m,",%$a' ',*!a -ml,'. Dalam &-ma%-&a$ a': $a', >a *,&,&a (mo&ile phase) a"ala ',*!a -,&a%-& a': >a *a'a>a a' m!& ',,&% H,l!m a%a! >a %"a &,a%$ ',,&% a' N%&-,. Stationary a%a! $a'a "am m,&!aa %aa m&-'-' la'a ;a& a%a! -lm,& >a m,"!! a' m!&: " "alam *aa "a& ''%,m a?a a;a a%a! l-am >a "',*!% -l-m. I'%&!m, >a "!aa !%! m,la!a &-ma%-&a$ a' "',*!% a' chromatograph a%a! aerograph (a' ,m'a). K&-ma%-&a$ a' >a a"a &'>a 'ama ",a &-ma%-&a$ -l-m ',&%a >a la>a (',,&% HP/3 "a T/3): %a m,ml *,*,&aa ,&*,"aa ,%. P,&%ama: &-',' m,m'aa -m-, "alam ;am!&a "la!a a%a&a stationary $a', ;a& "a a' $a', *,&,&a: ',"aa a"a &-ma%-&a$ -l-m >a ',m*a a"ala %aa >a solid "a *,&,&a a"ala $a', ;a&. Ja": ama l,a &-',"!& a"ala &-ma%-&a$ a'?;a&: %,&a%! a"a $a'a "am "a $a'a ,&a ma'?ma'. K,"!a: m,lal! -l-m >a l-l-' %aa a' %,&l,%a " ',*!a -=, "maa %,m,&a%!& a' >a "aa% "-%&-l: ',"aa &-ma%-&a$ -l-m *a'a>a %"a m,ml -%&-l ',,&% '!!. K,%a: -',%&a' >a %,%a "alam $a', a' a>a 'ala 'a%! $!' "a& %,aa !a "a& a'. K&-ma%-&a$ a' !a m& ",a ,>!la: a&,a ,"!a &-',' m,m'aa -m-, "a& ;am!&a %,&!%ama *,&"a'a&a %% "" a%a! ,&*,"aa %,aa !a. Nam!: ,>!la *a'a>a "!aa !%! m,m'aa -m-, ;am!&a a"a 'ala *,'a&: ',"aa 3 "aa% "!aa a"a 'ala >a l,* ,;l (microscale). B. Si-&' P'ra(a&an Kr0a&0*ra1i Ga'%,m ,&ala%a&-ma%-&a$ a' a"a !m!m>a m,l!%  1. $a', ,&a. 2. &!a '!% 'am,l. +. -l-m >a "l,%aa "alam -=, >a "-%&-l ',;a&a %,&m-'%a%. 4. ''%,m ",%,' "a ,;a%a% (detector "a recorder ). 5. -m!%,& >a "l,a ",a ,&aa% ,-la "a%a.

am*a& IV B.1. Raaa Ala% K&-ma%-&a$ a' 12

". Fa-' G'ra) 7a', ,&a a"a 3 !a "',*!% ",a a' ,m*a a a"ala !%! m,m*aa a' ,m*a a&a% a' ,m*a a m,&a !%! "&-, "a a*!?a*! !%! %&-,) . R+an* -+n&i) -a2'( /!*a ,' "",'a !%! m,ma'!a 'am,l ',;a&a ;,a% "a ,$',. D,'a >a -!l,& %,&"& a%a' 'al!&a ,la' >a ,;l a%a! %a*! l-am >a "l,a ",a ',%!m a&,% a"a 'a%! !! !%! m,a-m-"a' ,' ",a ',m&% ( syringe). Ka&,a ,l!m (a' ,m*aa ",'a (*a'a>a a%a&a 0:1?+:0 /) aa ',,&a "!aa !%! ',la!%>a " *a a: a"a 4 ,' in'ector a"a &-ma%-&a$ a': >a%! a. I,' la'! (direct in'ection): >a maa 'am,l >a ",'a aa "!aa "alam in'ector >a aa' "a 100  'am,l ma'! m,!! -l-m. *. I,' %,&,;a ( split in'ection): >a maa 'am,l >a ",'a "!aa "alam in'ector >a aa' "a ',la!%>a "la!a ,m,;aa. ;. I,' %aa ,m,;aa ( splitness in'ection): >a maa am& ',m!a 'am,l "!aa "alam in'ector >a aa' "a "*a a maa !! ',m&% "ma'!a la'! , "alam -l-m. T, ,' la'! , "alam -l-m "!aa !%! ',>aa a m!"a m,!a. Ka&,a ala! ,>!%a>a m,lal! l!*a '!% ',;a&a la'! "aa a % a%a! &-l''. 3. K0(0 Yan* Di('&a))an Da(a O4'n Yan* Di)0n&r0( S'5ara T'r0-&a&i) K-l-m m,&!aa %,ma% %,&a">a &-',' ,m'aa a&,a " "alam>a %,&"aa% $a', "am. Gl, a&,a %!: -l-m m,&!aa -m-, ',%&al a"a 3. A"a + ,' -l-m a"a 3 >a%! -l-m ,ma' ( pac"ing column) "a -l-m al,& (capillary column)@ "a -l-m &,a&a' ( preparative column). P,&*a"a -l-m ,ma' "a -l-m al,& "%!!a -l, am*a& *,&!% 

Gambar IV B.2. Kolom Kromatograf Gas.

13

K-l-m ,ma' %,&*!a% "a& ,la' a%a! l-am >a %aa a&a% a%a! "a& %,m*aa "a al!m!m. Paa -l-m ,'  a"ala 1F5 m,%,& ",a "am,%,& "alam 1?4 mm. K-l-m al,& 'aa% *a>a "aa a&,a -l-m al,& m,m*,&a,$',' >a % (a&a !mla ,la% %,-& >a 'aa% *,'a& L +00.000 ,la%). K-l-m &,a&a%$ "!aa !%! m,>aa 'am,l >a m!& "a& a"a>a ',>a a -ml,'. 7a', "am >a "aa a"a -l-m al,& "aa% *,&'$a% - -la&: -la&: a%a! ',m -la&. 7a', "am - -la& >a al *a>a "!aa a"ala m,%l -l'l-'a (HP?1@ DB?1@ E?+0@ 3PI/?5) "a $,l 5?m,%l-l'l-'a 95 (HP?5@ DB?5@ E?52@ 3PI/?8). 7a', "am ',m -la& a"ala ',,&% $,l 50?m,%l-l'l-'a 50 (HP?1@ DB?1@ 3PI/?19): ',m,%a&a %! $a', "am >a -la& a"ala ',,&% -l,%l, l-l (HP?20M@ DB? )A*+ ,P-)A*+ ,ar&oa(?20M). 6. Si-&' D'&')-i Dan P'n5a&a& 7 Detector Dan Recorder 8. K-m-, !%ama ',la!%>a "alam &-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala detector . Detector m,&!aa ,&aa% >a "l,%aa a"a !! -l-m %,ma% ,l!a& $a', ,&a (a' ,m*aa m,m*a a *,&$!' m,!*a '>al a' ,m*a a m,a" '>al ,l,%&-. >al ,l,%&- detector aa 'aa% *,&!a !%! aal'' !al%a%$ ma!! !a%%a%$ %,&a"a -m-,?-m-, >a %,&'a " a%a&a $a', "am "a $a', ,&a. Pa"a a&' *,'a&>a detector a"a K %,&ma'! detector "$,&,'al: "alam a&% &,'-' >a ,l!a& "a& detector m,m*,&a &,la' >a l,& ",a a"a& a%a! la! al&a ma''a -m-, >a %,&,'-l!'. K&-ma%-&am >a m,&!aa a'l ,m'aa $' -m-,? -m-, -l, 3 "'aa -l, detector ',*aa ",&,%a l!a' !;a %,&a"a a ,"!a>a %,la "-$&ma'a ",a ',>a a m!l%l,' m'al>a 37T?IRM: &-ma%-&am aa "'aa "alam *,%! la.

14

B,*,&aa '$a% detector >a "!aa "alam &-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala ',*aa*,&!% 

J'ni- Detector Han&aran 2anaI0ni-a-i n;awa P'nan*)a2 '(')&r0n

Ni&r0*'n< 10-10r F0&0'&ri n;a(a 73=3 n8 F0&0'&ri n;a(a 7># n8 F0&0 i0ni-a-i

K'5'2a&an A(ir 7(9'ni&8 GaH Udara P'awa

J'niSa2'(

Ba&aD'&')-i

,>a
5?100 

15?+0

?

?

H"&-a&*-

10?100 

20?60

+0?60

200?500

0:05?1 

+0?60

?

?

0:1?10 

20?40

1?5

00?100

10?100 

20?40

50?0

60?80

1?10 

20?40

120?10

100?150

2  3",%

+0?40

?

?

Hal-, -&a: ,'%'"a ,>a aa aa a a %,&-'a' " UV

K0nd+)&i4i&a - '(')&r0(i&i)

Hal-,: N: 

0:5  3 12   4  N

20?40

80

?

F0+ri'r Tran-10r< in1ra'ra 7FTIR8

,>aa
1000 

+?10

?

?

Ta*,l IV.B.1. 3-%- Detector "alam K&-ma%-&a$ a'

>. K02+&'r Yan* Di('n*)a2i D'n*an P'ran*)a& P'n*0(a Da&a. K-m-, 3 ',la!%>a a"ala -m!%,&. 3 m-",& m,!aa -m!%,& >a "l,a ",a ,&aa% l!a>a ( so#tare) !%! "%al'a' 'al detector "a m,m!>a *,*,&aa $!' a%a&a la M,m$a'l%a' setting a&am,%,&?a&am,%,& '%&!m, ',,&% al&a $a', a':'!! -=, • "a ,m&-&ama '!!: ',&%a ,>!%a 'am,l ',;a&a -%-ma%'. M,amla &-ma%-&am "a $-&ma'?$-&ma' la ",a m,!aa &a$ • *,&ma "a%a a&am,%,& aal'' !%! aal'' ',>a
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$. Prin-i2 K'r/a Kr0a&0*ra1i GaP&' !%ama ,m'aa "alam &-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala *,&"a'a&a ,&*,"aa la! m&a' ma'?ma' -m-, "alam m,lal! -l-m. K-m-,?-m-, >a %,&,l!' ",al (aal'' !al%a%$) "a& la a. K m,&!aa %, ,m'aa >a maa solut-solut >a m!"a m,!a ("a '%a*l %,&a"a aa') *,&m&a' m,lal! -l-m >a m,a"! $a', "am ",a '!a%! ,;,a%a >a %,&a%! a"a &a'"'%&*!'>a. P,m'aa a"a K ""a'a&a a"a %% "" '!a%! ',>a a m! %,&a" a%a&a solut ",a $a'a "am. ,la %! !a ,>,*a&a ;!la "a%a&a "!a $a'a. ala 'a%! $a'a ala $a'a "am >a,&m!aa>a '* l!a' "a $a'a >a la >a%! a' >a m,,l!' $a'a "am. 7a'a ,&a >a *,&!a a' aa m,,l!' solut "a& !! -l-m lal! m,a%a&a>a , detector . D. $ara )'r/a Kr0a&0*ra1i Ga3a&a ,&a "a& &-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala a' ,m*a a volatil (m!"a m,!a). /!*a ,' "aa'a aa& 'am,l %,&!aa ",a ;,a%. Al&a a' ',la!%>a m,,m! -l-m:-l-m *,&' '!a%! a"a%a al!' ",a l!a' ,&m!aa >a *,'a& "a &,la%$ inert . ,*,l!m "' , "alam -l-m: a"a%a %,&',*!% "m&,a' ",a ;a&a >a "a >a *,&,&a ',*aa $a'a "am a%a! stasioner ','!!>a: ;a&a  a&!' '%a*l "a non volatil a"a %,m,&a%!& -l-m "a a&!' ','!a ",a ,m'aa %,&%,%!. ,%,la m!;!l "a& -l-m %!: al&a a' l,a "&,am ',;a&a ,l,%&.. E. $0n&0 Ana(i-i- Da&a G$ ala 'a%! ;-%- ,!aa 3 a"ala !%! m,aal'' -m-'' "&-a&*- "alam m>a *!m. A"a! detector >a "!aa a"ala 7ID ( lame /onization Detector ) "a -l-m >a "!aa a"ala -l-m - -la& (DB?1: PB?1: HP?1 "ll). Aal'' &-ma%-&a$ a' ""a'a&a a"a aa *,l!m %,&-&,' *a'a>a %"a "!aa m,a%
2. 7a', ;a& +. T,m,&a%!& -l-m 4. K,;,a%a al&a 5. J,' a' ,m*a
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P&-&am %,m,&a%!& a%a! *a'a "',*!% ,ondition 0peration a%a! !amp temp a"ala ',*!a &-&am ,a%!&a >a "',"aa so#tare !%! m,a%!& %,m,&a%!& " "alam -=, "maa -l-m *,&a"a. D,a m,a%!& '!! -l-m maa -%-ma%' ,;,a%a ,m'aa -m-, >a ma'! , "alam -l-m !a %,la "a%!&. ',ma % setting %,m,&a%!& maa ',ma ;,a% ;-%- >a a"a " "alam -l-m ,l!a&: *,%! !la ',*al>a: %,%a ,&%a>aa>a a"ala ',ma ;,a% ;-%- ,l!a& aaa !a "aa% "",%$a' -m-, aa 'aa >a ,l!a&C aa TIDAK. 3-%- >a ,l!a& %,&lal! ;,a% "a& "alam -l-m *aa ,l!a& "alam a am& *,&'amaa aa m,m*,%! pea"-pea" &-ma%-&am >a am& m,>a%! m!'%al mam! !%! "",%$a': a 'a% "alam ,m'aa " -l-m aa ,&;!ma a&,a -m-, ""alam ;-%- %,&',*!% %"a "aa% "",%$a'. Baamaa a ",&lamaC Da *,&aa lama a "aC Aaa ',lama 24 am a%a! +2 amC aaa ala! lama -m-, "&-a&*- aa "aa% "aal'C m! 'aa:%,%a aaa a&!' ',",ma lama a>a !%! m,!! ,m'aa 10 a%a! 15 *!a -m-,. D'la l,%a point->a:*aamaa ',*!a -"' ,m&-&ama %,m,&a%!& "a%!& '!a>a ",a a &,la%$ 'a% -m-,?-m-, >a "a "aa% "aal''. Aal'' -m-'' "&-a&*- ;a& m,m,&l!a ',*!a ,a%!&a '!! >a ;,&ma%: *,&*,"a ",a aal'' -m-'' a' alam >a a>a m,m,&l!a ,a%!&a '!! isotherm. A"a! aa -l-m >a ",al "alam ,m'aa &-ma%-&a$ -l-m a"ala %,&a%! a"a ',*a>a aa -m-, >a aa "'aa "a ",%$a' "a& m>a *!m: a >a "aal'' a>a *,&aa !mla $&a' &a 3H4 'ama ",a 35H12: a%a! *,&aa 34H10 >a maa >a ",&l!a a>a -l-m ",a aa +0 m,%,& 'aa. B,&*,"a a >a "",%$a' 'ama 39H20 a%a! 'ama ',l!&! -m-, "&-a&*- "alam m>a *!m %,&',*!% m'ala 'ama 340H82: maa mmal ",&l!a aa -l-m ',%a& 60 m,%,&: ,*!%!a>a aa *,&*,"a: a !a ',ma *a!': a ",&l!a m,a" &,la%$ l,* lama. ,%,la 3 'a "a %,la "-"'a: maa ',!mla ;-%- ",'a ",a m,!aa syringe. J!mla ;-%- %"a ,&l! %,&lal! *a>a 2 l 'ama 5 l '!"a ;!!. ,la!%>a 3 aa *,,&a m,m'aa -m-,? -m-, "&-a&*- "alam m>a *!m. Wa%! >a "*!%!a *,&=a&a' %,&a%! a"a ,&m&-&ama '!!%,m,&a%!& aal''. Aal'' ">a%aa ',l,'a a &aseline '!"a ,m*al l!&!': m,a"aa 'aml, '!"a a*' %,&,l!'. Aaa aal'' '!"a ',l,'aC ,;a&a %,' >a ',l,'a. T,%a ma' ,&l! "la!a ",%$a' "a aal'' !a%%a%$. D'la 'aa%>a "la!a ",%$a' ",a '%a"a&" >a a"a a"a -"' -,&a' >a 'ama ",a 'aa% 'am,l "aal''" run. D,a m,m*a"a a ('am,l "a '%a"a&") maa ',;a&a !al%a%$ -m-,?-m-, >a "aal'' %,la mam! "",%$a'. M'al>a "alam aal'' 3+H8: 34H10:35H12: 36H14: 3H16: B,,a: "a T-l!,a maa a&!' "la!a ,' '%a"a&" -m-,?-m-, "a%a' a"a -"' -,&a' >a 'ama: maa -m-,?-m-, %,&',*!% aa m,a'la a 'ama (%,&,l!' a"a a 'ama). D,a m,m*a"a a maa "aa% "",%$a'",%a! l,%a 3+H8: 34H10:35H12: 36H14: 3H16: B,,a: "a T-l!,a ""alam ',!m!la pea" m>a *!m. ,*aa $-&ma':'%a"a&" ",&l!a "alam ",%$a' a&,a !mla pea" >a a"a ""alam m>a *!m *'a m,;aa &a%!'a pea" . ,>a a: %"a m! 36H14aa ,l!a& a"a m,%  "a 34H10a"a m,% , 8: ',>a a a
18

am*a& IV.E.1. 3-%- &-ma%-&am am*a& "a%a' a"ala 'ala 'a%! a'l aal'' *,&!a &-ma%-&am. P!;a pea" %!la >a m,!!a ',%a ',>aa *!m. I",%$a' -m-, a"ala al %,&,% "alam ',%a ,,&aa aal'' ',%,la m,,%!a -"' -,&a' 3. Ja aal "alam m,la!a ",%$a' maa a'l aal'' 3 >a "la!a %"a aa *,&!a. I",%$a' -m-, ""alam m>a *!m a"ala ',: a" >a "*a"a *!a a>a %,&a"a a 'aa %,%a !a %,&a"a patern >a "a'la. M>a *!m m,ml patern >a 'ama: a *,&!*a?!*a. Wa%! R,%,' >a 'ama aa m,!!a -m-, >a 'ama a"a -"' -,&a' >a 'ama a"ala ',ma;am !!m %a %,&%!l': %,%a a 3 %"a "l,a ",a A73 ( Automatic lo ,ontrol ) a%a! ala% ',,'>a maa a "a'la ;,",&! *,&!*a? !*a %,&a%! *aamaa ,' "la!a. ,%a -,&a%-& aa m,ml style ma'? ma': "a %! aa m,,',& a aa "aal'': m'al>a >a  "%! a"ala *,&aa a"!a 34H10 "a 35H12 "alam '!a%! m>a *!m. ,%,la "la!a ",%$a' %,&a"a 34H10 "a 35H12: maa ";a%a% *,&aa a&,a "a& -m-, %,&',*!%. 34H10 m,ml 2 -m-, >a%! ?34H10 "a ?34H10: ",ma !a ",a 35H12 m,ml ?35H12 "a ?35H12: ( '-m,&:   -&mal): a a&,a ',%a -m-, '-m,& "a -&mal  "*!a% %,&'a maa ',%a a&,a>a !a a&!' "'aa: %,%a a ',*aa %-%al maa ;!! "!mla ',*aa 'a%! a&,a 'aa. A&,a ',%a -m-, aa -%-ma%' %,&;a%a% *,%! aal'' ',l,'a "la!a: a&,a %,&',*!% "a'la "a& 'o#tare ,m&-',' "a%a (data ac1uisition): "a *a'a>a *'a " copy paste , e(cel : a%a! "?convert ,"alam -", A3II.,%,la "la!a ,m"aa "a%a , e(cel maa ,&%!a "aa% "la!a "alam e(cel . A&,a T-%al 34 m'al>a 1000: a&,a %-%al 35 m'al>a 1500: maa !%! m,"aa%a *,&aa  34 "a 35: a&!' ",%a! *,&aa %-%al A&,a "a& ,',l!&!a a'l aal'' m'al>a %-%al a&,a -m-, "a& ;-%- a"ala 500.000: maa  34 1000500.000  100: 35 1500500.000  100: ',a aa ""aa%a 34  0.2  "a 35  0.+ "a ''a>a ',*a>a 99.5 a"ala "&-a&*- la>a. a%!a "a& ,&%!a "a%a' a"ala  *,&a% (W,% ). P,&%!a "a%a' "la!a "alam *,%! -&mal'a': ',a a'l %-%al a"ala 100 .

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F. K'('ian dan K')+ran*an Kr0a&0*ra1i Ga-

1. K,!!la "a& m,%-",  a"ala ',*aa *,&!%  •

E$',: &,'-l!' % ',a "aa% "!aa !%! m,aal'' a&%,l *,&!!&a 'aa% ,;l ',,&% -l!%a "alam !"a&a.

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Al&a $a'a *,&,&a (a') 'aa% %,&-%&-l "a ,;,a%a>a %,%a.

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P,m'aa $' %,&a" ""alam -l-m >a ,'>a *a>a ',al: aa "a %,m,&a%!&>a "aa% "a%!&.

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Ba>a ',al ma;am detector >a "aa% "aa a"a &-ma%-&a$ a' ('aa%  ",al 1+ ma;am detector ) "a &,'-detector a"ala &--&'-al ",a !mla %a -m-, >a ,l!a& "a& -l-m.

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aa% m!"a %,&a" ,;am!&a !a 'am,l ,"alam $a'a *,&,&a.

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K&-ma%-&a$ 'aa% m!"a "a*! ",a '%&!m, $'a?ma >a la>a: ;-%->a 37T?IRM.

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Aal'' ;,a%: *a'a>a a>a "alam %!a m,%.

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T"a m,&!'a 'am,l.

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2.

,'%=%a' % ',a "aa% m,m'aa *,&*aa ',>a a 'al *,&;am!& "a mam! m,aal'' *,&*aa ',>a a a 'al *,&;am!& "a ",a !!&a a&%,lm-l,!l >a 'aa% ,;l.

K,!&aa "a& m,%-",  a"ala ',*aa *,&!%  •

T, K&-ma%-&a$ a' %,&*a%a' !%! a% >a m!"a m,!a.

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K&-ma%-&a$ a' %"a m!"a "aa !%! m,m'aa ;am!&a "alam !mla *,'a&. P,m'aa a"a %a% m m!"a "la!a: ,m'aa a"a %a% &am m! "la!a: %,%a ,m'aa "alam %a% - a%a! %- '!a& "la!a ,;!al a a"a m,%-", la.

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7a', a' "*a"a ',*aa *,'a& $a', ;a& %"a *,&'$a% &,a%$ %,&a"a $a', "am "a a% %,&la&!%.

20

BAB % PENUTUP

A. KEIMPU/AN Da& ma%,& &-ma%-&a$ a' >a am aa&a "aa% "am*l *,*,&aa ,'m!la:"a%a&a>a 1. K&-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala ;a&a ,m'aa &-ma%-&a$ m,!aa a' ',*aa $a'a ,,&a. a% >a "'aa "l,a "' ",a $a'a "am. a' ,m*a a m,l!%  a) $a', ,&a. *) &!a '!% 'am,l. ;) -l-m >a "l,%aa "alam -=, >a "-%&-l ',;a&a %,&m-'%a%. ") ''%,m ",%,' "a ,;a%a% (detector "a recorder ). ,) -m!%,& >a "l,a ",a ,&aa% ,-la "a%a. +. P&' "a& &-ma%-&a$ a' a"ala ,&*,"aa '$a% ma a%a&a m-l,!l?m-l,!l >a *,&*,"a "alam '!a%! ;am!&a "'aa "a& m-l,!l ",a m,l,a *,&*,"a ("',*!% a ',la!%>a aa "",%,' -l, detector *,&"a'a&a a "a aa "*a;a -l, recorder . 5. K,!!la "a& &-ma%-&a$ a' "a%a&a>a a"ala ,$',:m!"a:aal''>a ;,a%:"a %"a m,&!'a 'am,l. ,"aa ,l,maa>a a"ala %,&*a%a' !%! a% >a m!"a m,!a "a %"a m!"a "aa !%! m,m'aa ;am!&a "alam !mla *,'a&. B. ARAN D,a ,&,"aa a%:am m,&a'a maala  'aa% ',",&aa "a a! "a& ,',m!&aa. a&a "a &% >a -'%$ 'aa% ",&l!a ",m ,',m!&aa maala  ',a aa l,* *,&ma$aa% -%&*!'>a *a "hazanah ,lm!a. 3. REKGMENDAI K&-ma%-&a$ a' 'aa% ;-;- !%! m,aal'' a% >a m!"a m,!a "alam !mla ,;l a&,a &-','>a >a ,$',:m!"a:aal''>a ;,a%:"a %"a m,&!'a 'am,l.

21

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

A"am-=;': J.A:. 199. ,hromatographic Analysis o# Pharmaceuticals2 nd Edition .Ma&;,l D,,&.N,< -&. &%%,&.1991. Kromatogra#i.P,,&*% ITB.Ba"!. M; Na'.1988. Dasar Kromatogra#i 4as.P,,&*% ITB.Ba"!. U",&<--".2004. Analisis Kimia Kuantitati# . E&laa Jaa&%a.

22

Makalah Kromatografi Gas

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