FBF G ^EMHBOUKUBM 2.2 Kbtbr Kbtbr Fekblbmc Fekblbmc
Fbmybl arbmc Fbmybl arbmc ybmc `bsgo `emccbmccbp pemyblgt hgbfetes `erupblbm pemyblgt arbmc tub btbu pemyblgt ybmc obmyb tg`fuk lbremb jbltar leturumbm. ^bhbobk, setgbp arbmc hbpbt `emcghbp hgbfetes, fbgl tub `bupum `uhb. Hgbfetes bhbkbo lamhgsg ybmc lramgs, hg`bmb tufuo tghbl hbpbt `emcufbo `blbmbm `emdbhg emercg sefbcbg`bmb obrusmyb. Obk gmg ferbsasgbsg hemcbm la`pkglbsg ybmc terdbhg hbkb` dbmclb wbltu ybmc iulup kb`b ybmc le`uhgbm `e`pemcbruog ob`pgr sekuruo fbobcgbm tufuo. Lamhgsg gmg bibp lbkg `emdurus le brbo `bsbkbo-`bsbkbo leseobtbm sefbcbg ferglut. •
Lefutbbm
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^emyblgt dbmtumc hbm urbt mbhg
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bcbk cgmdbk
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Ferbcb` b`putbsg
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Lerusblbm pbhb sybrbj
Hgbfetes Hgbfetes ybmc tghbl terlamtrak terlamtrak hbpbt `emccbmcc `emccbmccu u leob`gkbm, leob`gkbm, hbm pbhb u`u`myb u`u`myb `emyefbflbm ibibt fbcg fbyg ybmc hgkbogrlbm akeo searbmc gfu pemhergtb hgbfetes. !hb tgcb demgs hgbfetes" #emgs $, demgs %, hbm `bsb leob`gkbm &cestbsgambk'. ^bhb tboum %((( `emurut )O* hgperlgrblbm sehglgtmyb $+$ dutb arbmc hg sekuruo humgb humgb `emher `emhergtb gtb hgbfet hgbfetes es , btbu btbu selgtb selgtbrr %, %, hbrg hbrg tatbk tatbk papukb papukbsg. sg. msghe msghemsm msmyb yb terus terus `emgmclbt hemcbm iepbt, hbm hgperlgrblbm pbhb tboum %(/(, bmclb gmg blbm fertb`fbo `emdbhg />> dutb btbu selgtbr 2,2 hbrg papukbsg humgb. ^emgmclbtbm pre6bkems terfesbr terdbhg hg !sgb hbm !jrglb, sefbcbg blgfbt hbrg trem urfbmgsbsg hbm perufbobm cbyb oghup, sepertg pakb `blbm 9)esterm-styke8 ybmc tghbl seobt. &5u`fer " )gkh 5, :ackgi , reem !, 5giree :, Lgmc O. kafbk pre6bkemie aj hgbfetes" estg`btes jar toe yebr %((( bmh pradeitgams jar %(/(. Hgbfetes 3bre %((2 ?by7%+&4'"$(2+-4/.' ?by7%+&4'"$(2+-4/.' ?emurut ^raj. Hr. 5ghbrtbwbm 5aecamha, mhamesgb `emdbhg mecbrb lee`pbt hg humgb ybmc ybmc `e`gkgl `e`gkglgg bmclb bmclb hgbfet hgbfetesg esg terfbmy terfbmybl. bl. Hgbfet Hgbfetesg esg seibrb seibrb leseku lesekuruo ruobm bm hg mham mhamesgb esgb `emcbk `emcbkb`g b`g pemgmc pemgmclbt lbtbm bm ogmccb ogmccb $2 dutb arbmc arbmc &Hetgl &Hetgl
2
%((( bhbkbo ,2 dutb arbmc setekbo mhgb &/$,+ dutb', 3gmb &%(, dutb' hbm !`erglb 5erglbt &$+,+ dutb'. Hgperlgrblbm du`kbo tersefut blbm `emgmclbt pbhb tboum %(/(, mhgb &+;,2 dutb', 3gmb &2%,/ dutb', !`erglb 5erglbt &/(,/ dutb' hbm mhamesgb &%$,/ dutb' &Hbr`ama, %((4'. Hg mhame mhamesgb sgb semhgr semhgrg, g, ferhbsb ferhbsbrlb rlbm m obsgk obsgk :gset :gset Leseob Leseobtbm tbm Hbsbr Hbsbr &:gsle &:gsleshb shbs' s' tboum tboum %((+, hbrg %22$+ respamhem ferusgb 0$4 tboum, $(,% `emcbkb`g =akerbmsg kulasb =ercbmccu &lbhbr ckulasb $2(-%(( `c1hk setekbo pubsb sekb`b $2 db` hbm hgferg ckulasb arbk +4 crb`'. 5efbmybl $,4 `emcbkb`g Hgbfetes ?ekgtus ybmc terhgbcmasgs hbm 2,% `emcbk `emcbkb`g b`g Hgbfet Hgbfetes es ?ekgtu ?ekgtuss ybmc ybmc tghbl tghbl terhgb terhgbcma cmasgs. sgs. Fbgl Fbgl H? `bupum `bupum == kefgo kefgo fbmybl hgte`ulbm pbhb wbmgtb hgfbmhgmclbm prgb, hbm kefgo kefgo sergmc pbhb cakamcbm hemcbm tgmclbt pemhghglbm hbm stbtus sasgbk remhbo. Hberbo hemcbm bmclb pemhergtb H? pbkgmc tgmccg ybgtu Lbkg`bmtbm Fbrbt hbm ?bkulu Ntbrb ybgtu $$,$ , sehbmclbm leka`pal usgb pemhergtb H? terfbmybl bhbkbo 44->2 tboum ybgtu $/,4. Feferbpb obk ybmc hgoufumclbm hemcbm rgsgla terlemb H? bhbkbo afesgtbs &semtrbk', ogpertemsg, lurbmcmyb bltg6gtbs jgsgl hbm lamsu`sg sbyur-fubo lurbmc hbrg 4 parsg perobrg. ^emgmc ^emgmclbt lbtbm bm du`kbo du`kbo hgbfet hgbfetesg esg hgsefb hgsefbflb flbm m leterkb leterkb`fb `fbtbm tbm pemecb pemecblbm lbm hgbcma hgbcmasgs sgs pemyblgt tersefut. ^bsgem suhbo `emgmccbk blgfbt la`pglbsg sefeku` bhbmyb pemecblbm hgbcmasgs hgbcmasgs &5uhaya &5uhaya et bk , %((>'. ^emyefbf leterkb`fbtbm pemecblbm hgbcmasgs tersefut bhbkbo bhbkbo fbmyb fbmyblmy lmybb jbltar jbltar ybmc ybmc ferpem ferpemcbr cbruo uo terobh terobhbp bp pgkgob pgkgobm-p m-pgkg gkgobm obm ybmc ybmc bhb btbu btbu ferbcb`myb 6brgbfek. 5bmcbt hgsbybmclbm fbowb fbmybl pemhergtb hgbfetes ybmc tghbl `emybhbrg hgrgmyb `emcghbp pemyblgt ybmc kefgo sergmc hgsefut pemyblgt cukb btbu lemigmc `bmgs. Obk gmg `umclgm hgsefbflbm `gmg`myb gmjar`bsg `bsybrblbt temtbmc hgbfetes terutb`b cedbkbcedbkbmyb.
6
%((( bhbkbo ,2 dutb arbmc setekbo mhgb &/$,+ dutb', 3gmb &%(, dutb' hbm !`erglb 5erglbt &$+,+ dutb'. Hgperlgrblbm du`kbo tersefut blbm `emgmclbt pbhb tboum %(/(, mhgb &+;,2 dutb', 3gmb &2%,/ dutb', !`erglb 5erglbt &/(,/ dutb' hbm mhamesgb &%$,/ dutb' &Hbr`ama, %((4'. Hg mhame mhamesgb sgb semhgr semhgrg, g, ferhbsb ferhbsbrlb rlbm m obsgk obsgk :gset :gset Leseob Leseobtbm tbm Hbsbr Hbsbr &:gsle &:gsleshb shbs' s' tboum tboum %((+, hbrg %22$+ respamhem ferusgb 0$4 tboum, $(,% `emcbkb`g =akerbmsg kulasb =ercbmccu &lbhbr ckulasb $2(-%(( `c1hk setekbo pubsb sekb`b $2 db` hbm hgferg ckulasb arbk +4 crb`'. 5efbmybl $,4 `emcbkb`g Hgbfetes ?ekgtus ybmc terhgbcmasgs hbm 2,% `emcbk `emcbkb`g b`g Hgbfet Hgbfetes es ?ekgtu ?ekgtuss ybmc ybmc tghbl tghbl terhgb terhgbcma cmasgs. sgs. Fbgl Fbgl H? `bupum `bupum == kefgo kefgo fbmybl hgte`ulbm pbhb wbmgtb hgfbmhgmclbm prgb, hbm kefgo kefgo sergmc pbhb cakamcbm hemcbm tgmclbt pemhghglbm hbm stbtus sasgbk remhbo. Hberbo hemcbm bmclb pemhergtb H? pbkgmc tgmccg ybgtu Lbkg`bmtbm Fbrbt hbm ?bkulu Ntbrb ybgtu $$,$ , sehbmclbm leka`pal usgb pemhergtb H? terfbmybl bhbkbo 44->2 tboum ybgtu $/,4. Feferbpb obk ybmc hgoufumclbm hemcbm rgsgla terlemb H? bhbkbo afesgtbs &semtrbk', ogpertemsg, lurbmcmyb bltg6gtbs jgsgl hbm lamsu`sg sbyur-fubo lurbmc hbrg 4 parsg perobrg. ^emgmc ^emgmclbt lbtbm bm du`kbo du`kbo hgbfet hgbfetesg esg hgsefb hgsefbflb flbm m leterkb leterkb`fb `fbtbm tbm pemecb pemecblbm lbm hgbcma hgbcmasgs sgs pemyblgt tersefut. ^bsgem suhbo `emgmccbk blgfbt la`pglbsg sefeku` bhbmyb pemecblbm hgbcmasgs hgbcmasgs &5uhaya &5uhaya et bk , %((>'. ^emyefbf leterkb`fbtbm pemecblbm hgbcmasgs tersefut bhbkbo bhbkbo fbmyb fbmyblmy lmybb jbltar jbltar ybmc ybmc ferpem ferpemcbr cbruo uo terobh terobhbp bp pgkgob pgkgobm-p m-pgkg gkgobm obm ybmc ybmc bhb btbu btbu ferbcb`myb 6brgbfek. 5bmcbt hgsbybmclbm fbowb fbmybl pemhergtb hgbfetes ybmc tghbl `emybhbrg hgrgmyb `emcghbp pemyblgt ybmc kefgo sergmc hgsefut pemyblgt cukb btbu lemigmc `bmgs. Obk gmg `umclgm hgsefbflbm `gmg`myb gmjar`bsg `bsybrblbt temtbmc hgbfetes terutb`b cedbkbcedbkbmyb.
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2.6 Xudubm Xudubm ^emukgsbm ^emukgsbm @blbkbo
=udubm pemukgsbm `blbkbo gmg bhbkbo umtul `emcetboug bpblbo lefgbsbbm oghup ybmc `amatam tbmpb bhbmyb perufbobm cbyb oghup hbpbt `emg`fuklbm pemyblgt hgbfetes.
2.9 @bmjbbt ^emukgsbm @blbkbo
?bmjbbt pemukgsbm `blbkbo gmg bhbkbo " $. Fbcg bcg pemu pemukg kgss " $. ?e`fbmtu ?e`fbmtu halter halter hbkb` hbkb` obk pemec pemecblbm blbm hgbcma hgbcmasgs sgs pemybl pemyblgt gt Hgbfetes. Hgbfetes. %. ?e`fbmtu ?e`fbmtu pbsgem pbsgem umtul umtul `emcetb `emcetboug oug tgpe hgbfet hgbfetes es ybmc ybmc hghergtb hghergtb hbrg lamhgsg lamhgsg cukb cukb hbrbo pbsgem. %. Fbcg bcg pe` pe`fbib fbib " $. ?e`fbmtu ?e`fbmtu pe`fbib pe`fbib umtul umtul `emcetbo `emcetboug ug fbcbg`bmb fbcbg`bmb ibrb ibrb `emcetboug `emcetboug cedbkb-c cedbkb-cedbkb edbkb hgbfetes. %. ?e`fbmtu ?e`fbmtu pe`fbib pe`fbib umtul umtul `emcetbou `emcetbougg pemyefbf pemyefbf B pemyefbf pemyefbf pemyblgt pemyblgt hgbfetes hgbfetes.. /. ?e`fbmtu ?e`fbmtu pe`fbib pe`fbib umtul umtul `emcetbou `emcetbougg tgpe-tgpe tgpe-tgpe hgbfetes. hgbfetes.
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FBF GG B!GBM ^U"XBB 9.2 #gsg$k$cg %kul$sb Hbrbo ^r$ses ^e&'emtulbm (bm "elresg Gmsukgm
msukgm `erupblbm oar`am ybmc terhgrg hbrg rbmclbgbm bsb` b`gma, hgobsgklbm akeo sek fetb lekemdbr pbmlrebs. Hbkb` lebhbbm mar`bk, fgkb bhb rbmcsbmcbm pbhb sek fetb, gmsukgm hgsgmtesgs hbm le`uhgbm hgselresglbm lehbkb` hbrbo sesubg lefutuobm tufuo umtul leperkubm recukbsg ckulasb hbrbo. 5eibrb jgsgakacgs, recukbsg ckulasb hbrbo ybmc fbgl hgbtur fersb`b hemcbm oar`ame ckulbcam ybmc hgselresglbm akeo sek bkjb lekemdbr pbmlrebs. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' 5gmtesgs gmsukgm hg`ukbg hbkb` femtul prepragmsukgm & preiursar oar`am gmsukgm' pbhb retgluku` emhapkbs`b sek fetb. Hemcbm fbmtubm emg` peptghbse, prepragmsukgm `emcbkb`g pe`eibobm seogmccb terfemtul pragmsukgm, ybmc le`uhgbm hgog`pum hbkb` ceke`fumc-ceke`fumc & seiretary vesgikes' hbkb` sek tersefut. Hg sgmg, selbkg kbcg hemcbm fbmtubm emg` peptghbse, pragmsukgm hgurbg `emdbhg gmsukgm hbm peptghb-3 &I-peptghe' ybmc lehubmyb suhbo sgbp umtul hgselresglbm seibrb fersb`bbm `ekbkug `e`frbm sek. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' ?elbmgs` hgbtbs hgperkulbm fbcg ferkbmcsumcmyb prases `etbfakgs`e seibrb mar`bk, lbremb jumcsg gmsukgm `e`bmc sbmcbt hgfutuolbm hbkb` prases utgkgsbsg ckulasb ybmc bhb hbkb` hbrbo. Lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo ybmc `emgmclbt, `erupblbm la`pamem utb`b ybmc `e`ferg rbmcsbmcbm terobhbp sek fetb hbkb` `e`prahulsg gmsukgm. Hgsb`pgmc ckulasb, feferbpb demgs bsb` b`gma hbm afbt-afbtbm, hbpbt pukb `e`gkglg ejel ybmc sb`b hbkb` rbmcsbmcbm terobhbp sek fetb. ?emcembg fbcbg`bmb `elbmgs`e sesumccuomyb hbrg sgmtesgs hbm selresg gmsukgm setekbo bhbmyb rbmcsbmcbm tersefut, `erupblbm obk ybmc iulup ru`gt hbm feku` sepemuomyb hbpbt hgpbob`g seibrb dekbs. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;'
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Hgmb&glb "elresg Gmsukgm
Hbkb` lebhbbm jgsgakacgs, gmsukgm hgselresglbm sesubg hemcbm lefutuobm tufuo mar`bk akeo sek fetb hbkb` hub jbse, seogmccb selresgmyb ferfemtul fgpobsgi. 5epertg hgle`ulblbm, selresg gmsukgm mar`bk ybmc fgpobsgi gmg blbm terdbhg setekbo bhbmyb rbmcsbmcbm sepertg ckulasb ybmc ferbsbk hbrg `blbmbm btbu `gmu`bm. msukgm ybmc hgobsgklbm gmg, ferjumcsg `emcbtur recukbsg ckulasb hbrbo bcbr sekbku hbkb` fbtbs-fbtbs jgsgakacgs, fbgl sbbt pubsb `bupum setekbo `emhbpbt fefbm. Hemcbm he`glgbm, lehub jbse selresg gmsukgm ybmc ferkbmcsumc seibrb sgmlram tersefut, `emdbcb lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo sekbku hbkb` fbtbs-fbtbs mar`bk, sefbcbg ier`gmbm `etbfakgs`e ckulasb ybmc jgsgakacgs. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;'
Blsg Gmsukgm
msukgm `e`pumybg jumcsg pemtgmc pbhb ferfbcbg prases `etbfakgs`e hbkb` tufuo terutb`b `etbfakgs`e lbrfaoghrbt. Oar`am gmg sbmcbt lrusgbk perbmmyb hbkb` prases utgkgsbsg ckulasb akeo ob`pgr sekuruo dbrgmcbm tufuo, terutb`b pbhb atat, ke`bl, hbm oepbr. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' ^bhb dbrgmcbm pergjer sepertg dbrgmcbm atat hbm ke`bl, gmsukgm ferglbtbm hemcbm sedemgs reseptar &gmsukgm reieptar sufstrbte 0 :5' ybmc terhbpbt pbhb `e`frbm sek tersefut. lbtbm bmtbrb gmsukgm hbm reseptar blbm `emcobsgklbm se`bib` sgmybk ybmc fercumb fbcg prases recukbsg btbu `etbfakgs`e ckulasb hghbkb` sek atat hbm ke`bl, `eslgpum `elbmgs`e lerdb ybmc sesumccuomyb feku` fecgtu dekbs. 5etekbo ferglbtbm, trbmshulsg sgmybk ferperbm hbkb` `emgmclbtlbm lubmtgtbs EN=-2 & ckuiase trbmsparter8' hbm sekbmdutmyb ducb pbhb `emharamc peme`pbtbmmyb pbhb `e`frbm sek. ^rases sgmtesgs hbm trbmskalbsg EN=-2 gmgkbo ybmc felerdb `e`bsullbm ckulasb hbrg elstrb le gmtrbsek umtul sekbmdutmyb `emcbkb`g `etbfakgs`e. Nmtul `emhbpbtlbm prases `etbfakgs`e ckulasb mar`bk, sekbgm hgperkulbm `elbmgs`e sertb hgmb`glb selresg ybmc mar`bk, hgfutuolbm pukb blsg gmsukgm ybmc ferkbmcsumc mar`bk. :emhbomyb semsgtg6gtbs btbu tgmccgmyb resgstemsg dbrgmcbm tufuo terobhbp gmsukgm `erupblbm sbkbo sbtu jbltar etgakacg terdbhgmyb hgbfetes, loususmyb hgbfetes tgpe %. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. 5
Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' Fbgl btbu furulmyb recukbsg ckulasb hbrbo tghbl obmyb ferlbgtbm hemcbm `etbfakgs`e ckulasb hg dbrgmcbm pergjer, tbpg ducb hg dbrgmcbm oepbr hg`bmb EN=-% ferjumcsg sefbcbg lemhbrbbm pemcbmclut ckulasb `ekewbtg `e`frbmb sek lehbkb` sek. Hbkb` obk gmgkbo dbrgmcbm oepbr glut ferperbm hbkb` `emcbtur oa`eastbsgs ckulasb tufuo. ^emgmccgbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo pubsb, kefgo hgtemtulbm akeo pemgmclbtbm prahulsg ckulasb seibrb emhacem ybmc ferbsbk hbrg prases ckulameacemesgs hbm ckglacemakgsgs hg dbrgmcbm oepbr. Lehub prases gmg ferkbmcsumc seibrb mar`bk pbhb arbmc seobt lbremb hglamtrak akeo oar`am gmsukgm. ?bmblbkb dbrgmcbm &oepbr' resgstem terobhbp gmsukgm, `blb ejel gmogfgsg oar`am tersefut terobhbp `elbmgs`e prahulsg ckulasb emhacem seibrb ferkefgobm `emdbhg tghbl kbcg aptg`bk. 5e`blgm tgmccg tgmclbt resgstemsg gmsukgm, se`blgm remhbo le`b`pubm gmogfgsgmyb terobhbp prases ckglacemakgsgs hbm ckulameacemesgs, hbm se`blgm tgmccg tgmclbt prahulsg ckulasb hbrg oepbr. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;'
Ejel @etb'$kgs&e (brg Gmsukgm
bmccubm, fbgl hbrg prahulsg `bupum blsg gmsukgm, `emyefbflbm cbmccubm pbhb `etbfakgs`e ckulasb, hemcbm ferfbcbg hb`pbl ybmc hgtg`fuklbmmyb. ^bhb hbsbrmyb gmg fer`ukb hbrg ob`fbtbm hbkb` utgkgsbsg ckulasb ybmc le`uhgbm hgglutg akeo pemgmclbtbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo. 5eibrb lkgmgs, cbmccubm tersefut hglembk sefbcbg cedbkb hgbfetes `ekgtus. ^bhb hgbfetes `ekgtus tgpe % &H?=%', yblmg demgs hgbfetes ybmc pbkgmc sergmc hgte`ulbm, cbmccubm `etbfakgs`e ckulasb hgsefbflbm akeo hub jbltar utb`b yblmg tghbl bhelubtmyb selresg gmsukgm &hejgsgemsg gmsukgm' hbm lurbmc semsgtgjmyb dbrgmcbm tufuo terobhbp gmsukgm &resgstemsg gmsukgm', hgsertbg akeo jbltar kgmclumcbm & emvgram`emt '. 5ehbmclbm pbhb hgbfetes tgpe $ &H?=$', cbmccubm tersefut `urmg hgsefbflbm hejgsgemsg gmsukgm seibrb bfsakut. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;'
bmccubm `etbfakgs`e ckulasb ybmc terdbhg, hgbwbkg akeo lekbgmbm pbhb hgmb`glb selresg gmsukgm ferupb cbmccubm pbhb jbse $ selresg gmsukgm ybmc tghbl sesubg :
lefutuobm &gmbhelubt'. Hejgsgemsg gmsukgm gmg seibrb kbmcsumc `emg`fuklbm hb`pbl furul terobhbp oa`eastbsgs ckulasb hbrbo. Jbmc pertb`b terdbhg bhbkbo ogperckgle`gb blut pbsibprbmhgbk &O!^' yblmg pemgmclbtbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo secerb &$(-/( `emgt' setekbo fefbm ckulasb &`blbm btbu `gmu`'. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' Lekbgmbm ferupb hgsjumcsg sek fetb hbm resgstemsg gmsukgm `erupblbm jbltar etgakacg ybmc fersgjbt fbwbbm &cemetgl'. 5eibrb lkgmgs, perdbkbmbm pemyblgt gmg fersgjbt pracressgj hbm iemherumc `ekgfbtlbm pukb cbmccubm `etbfakgs`e ke`bl btbupum prategm. ^emgmclbtbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo akeo lbremb utgkgsbsg ybmc tghbl ferkbmcsumc se`purmb pbhb cgkgrbmmyb seibrb lkgmgs sergmc `e`umiuklbm bfmar`bkgtbs hbrg lbhbr kgpgh hbrbo. Nmtul `emhbpbtlbm lbhbr ckulasb ybmc mar`bk hbkb` hbrbo hgperkulbm afbt-afbtbm ybmc hbpbt `erbmcsbmc sek fetb umtul pemgmclbtbm selresg gmsukgm & gmsukgm seiretbcacue ' btbu fgkb hgperkulbm seibrb sufstgtusg gmsukgm, hgsb`pgmc afbt-afbtbm ybmc ferlobsgbt `emurumlbm resgstemsg gmsukgm & gmsukgm semsgtgzer '. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' :esgstemsg gmsukgm `ukbg `emamdak perbmbmmyb se`emdbl perufbobm btbu lam6ersg jbse == `emdbhg H?=%. Hglbtblbm fbowb pbhb sbbt tersefut jbltar resgstemsg gmsukgm `ukbg ha`gmbm sefbcbg pemyefbf ogperckgle`gb `bupum ferfbcbg lerusblbm dbrgmcbm. mg terkgobt hbrg lemybtbbm fbowb pbhb tbobp bwbk H?=%, `eslgpum hemcbm lbhbr gmsukgm seru` ybmc iulup tgmccg, mb`um ogperckgle`gb `bsgo hbpbt terdbhg. Lerusblbm dbrgmcbm ybmc terdbhg, terutb`b `glra6bslukbr, `emgmclbt seibrb tbdb` pbhb tbobp hgbfetes, sehbmclbm cbmccubm `blra6bslukbr tekbo `umiuk se`emdbl prehgbfetes. 5e`blgm tgmccgmyb tgmclbt resgstemsg gmsukgm hbpbt terkgobt pukb hbrg pemgmclbtbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo pubsb `bupum pastprbmhgbk. 5edbkbm hemcbm gtu, pbhb oepbr se`blgm tgmccg tgmclbt resgstemsg gmsukgm, se`blgm remhbo le`b`pubm gmogfgsgmyb terobhbp prases ckglacemakgsgs hbm ckulameacemesgs, `emyefbflbm se`blgm tgmccg pukb tgmclbt prahulsg ckulasb hbrg oepbr. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;' #bhg, hbpbt hgsg`puklbm perdbkbmbm pemyblgt H?=%, pbhb bwbkmyb hgtemtulbm akeo lgmerdb jbse $ ybmc le`uhgbm `e`ferg hb`pbl mecbtgj terobhbp lgmerdb jbse %, hbm ferblgfbt kbmcsumc terobhbp pemgmclbtbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo &ogperckgle`gb'. 3
Ogperckgle`gb terdbhg tghbl obmyb hgsefbflbm akeo cbmccubm selresg gmsukgm &hejgsgemsg gmsukgm', tbpg pbhb sbbt fersb`bbm ducb akeo remhbomyb respams dbrgmcbm tufuo terobhbp gmsukgm &resgstemsg gmsukgm'. bmccubm btbu pemcbruo kgmclumcbm sepertg cbyb oghup btbu afesgtbs blbm `e`periepbt pracresg6gtbs perdbkbmbm pemyblgt. bmccubm `etbfakgs`e ckulasb blbm ferkbmdut pbhb cbmccubm `etbfakgs`e ke`bl hbm prategm sertb prases lerusblbm ferfbcbg dbrgmcbm tufuo. :bmclbgbm lekbgmbm ybmc hgkbtbrfekblbmcg akeo resgstemsg gmsukgm, sekbgm hbrgpbhb gmtakerbmsg terobhbp ckulasb fesertb ferfbcbg blgfbtmyb, sergmc `emg`fuklbm lu`pukbm cedbkb ybmc hgmb`blbm sgmhra`b `etbfakgi. &!siorajt ?, rgffke ?, $;;;. !=^-5emsgtg6e L I 3obmmeks bmh gmsukgm seiretgam "=oegr rake gm oebkto bmh hgsebse. Hgbfetakacgb 2%" ;(/-$;'
9.6 Hejgmgsg) @b*b&+@b*b&) (bm ^em,e'b' Hgb'etes Hejgmgsg
Hgbfetes bhbkbo subtu pemyblgt lbremb tufuo tghbl `b`pu `emcemhbkglbm du`kbo cukb, btbu ckulasb, hbkb` bkgrbm hbrbo. mg `emyefbflbm ogperckgle`gb, subtu lbhbrb cukb hbrbo ybmc tgmccgmyb suhbo `e`fbobyblbm. bltar utb`b pbhb hgbfetes gbkbo gmsukgm, subtu oar`am ybmc hgobsgklbm akeo sek lousus hg pbmlrebs. msukgm `e`ferg sgmybk lepbhb sek tufuo bcbr `emyerbp ckulasb. msukgm felerdb hemcbm oar`am pbmlrebs kbgm ybmc hgsefut ckulbcam, ducb `emcemhbkglbm du`kbo ckulasb hbkb` hbrbo. !pbfgkb tufuo `emcobsgklbm terkb`pbu sehglgt gmsukgm btbu dglb tufuo tghbl `embmccbpg gmsukgm hemcbm tepbt terdbhgkbo hgbfetes. Hgbfetes fgbsbmyb hbpbt hglemhbkglbm hemcbm `blbmbm ybmc remhbo lbhbr cukbmyb, afbt ybmc hg `gmu`, btbu sumtulbm gmsukgm seibrb terbtur. ?eslgpum fecgtu, pemyblgt gmg kb`b lekb`bbm `gmtb larfbm ducb, terlbhbmc `emyefbflbm la`pkglbsg sepertg lefutbbm hbm strale.
Hgbfetes ?ekkgtus bhbkbo pemyblgt ybmc hgtbmhbg hemcbm tgmccgmyb lbhbr cukb hbkb` hbrbo &ogperckgle`g' hbm lbhbr cukb ybmc tgmccg pukb hbkb` bgr semg &ckulasurgb'. ^emyblgt Hgbfetes ?ekkgtus fgbsbmyb oerehgter &`emurum' hbm `erupblbm pemyblgt `etbfakgl sefbcbg blgfbt hbrg tufuo ybmc lelurbmcbm gmsukgm ejeltgj ybmc `erufbo cukb ?
hbrbo `emdbhg cukb atat &ckglacem'. ^bhb arbmc mar`bk, secerb setekbo `blbm tufuo blbm `ekblulbm `etbfakgs`e lbrfaoghrbt,
`etbfakgs`e
ke`bl,
`etbfakgs`e
prategm
hemcbm
`bsgmc-`bsgmc
rbmclbgbmmyb ybmc fecgtu ru`gt. Obsgk `etbfakgs`e tufuo tersefut bhbkbo cukb ybmc mbmtgmyb blbm hgufbo kbcg `emdbhg emercg, fbgl gtu emercg cerbl, emercg pbmbs, hkk. tukbo sefbfmyb feferbpb sbbt sesuhbo `blbm lbhbr cukb hbrbo blbm `emgmclbt.
@b*b&+@b*b&
Lkbsgjglbsg H? hbm cbmccubm takerbmsg ckulasb `emurut )O* $;4 !. 3kmgibk 3kbsses 7
. Hgbfetes ?ekgstus $. HH? &H? tgpe ' %. <HH? &H? tgpe ' /. Fgkb `erbculbm =gpe $ btbu =gpe % hgsefut " Guestgambfke H? 2. ?:H? &?bkmutrgtgam :ekbteh H?' " b. gfraibkiukaus ^bmirebtgi Hgbfetes ?ekgtus &3^H' f. ^rategm Hejgigemt ^bmirebtgi Hgbfetes ?ekkgtus &^H^H' 4. *toer =upes aj H? bssaigbteh wgto iertbgm iamhgtgams bmh symhra`es " b. ^bmirebtgi hgsebse f. Hgsebse aj oar`ambk etgakacy i. Hruc aj ioe`gibk gmhuieh iamhgtgams h. !fmar`bk aj gmsukgm ar gts reieptar e. 3ertbgm cemetgi symhra`es j. ?gsiekkbmaus . `pbgreh kuiase =akerbme &= D H? 3oe`gibk D H? Ebtemt' .estbtgambk H? &H? obmyb pbhb sbbt ob`gk' F. 5tbtgstgibk :gsl 3kbsses Jbmc ter`bsul hbkb` lkbsgjglbsg gmg bhbkbo pemhergtb ybmc " •
Lehub arbmc tubmyb `emhergtb H? &patemtgbk H?'
•
^ermbo `emhergtb = le`uhgbm mar`bk kbcg
•
^ermbo `ekbogrlbm fbyg hemcbm ferbt kbogr kefgo hbrg 2 lc ^bhb H? tgpe lekbgmbm terketbl pbhb sek fetb pbmlrebs ybmc tghbl `b`pu
`e`fubt hbm `emcekubrlbm gmsukgm hbkb` du`kbo hbm lubkgtbs ybmc iulup, fbolbm lbhbmc-lbhbmc tghbl bhb selresg &prahulsg' gmsukgm sb`b selbkg.
^bhb H? tgpe , lekbgmbm terketbl hg feferbpb te`pbt " $. 5elresg gmsukgm akeo pbmlrebs `umclgm iulup, tetbpg terhbpbt leterkb`fbtbm, seogmccb ckulasb suhbo hgbfsarpsg `bsul hbrbo tbpg gmsukgm feku` `e`bhbg. %. #u`kbo reseptar hg dbrgmcbm pergjer lurbmc &bmtbrb %(.((( B /(.((('7 pbhb afesgtbs 2>
fbolbm obmyb selgtbr %(.(((. /. #u`kbo reseptar iulup, tetbpg lubkgtbs reseptar dekel, seogmccb gmsukgm tghbl ejeltgj. 2. =erhbpbt lekbgmbm hg pbsib reseptar, seogmccb prases ckglakgsgs gmtrb sekuker tercbmccu. 4. !hbmyb lekbgmbm ib`purbm hg bmtbrb ma $,%,/ hbm 2 ^bhb H? blgfbt `bkmutrgsg &H?-?bkmutrgsg btbu hgsgmclbt H?-?' terdbhgmyb H?-? hghucb lbremb " $. Lelurbmcbm prategm dbmclb pbmdbmc ybmc fersb`bbm hemcbm `blbmbm utb`b sgmclamc, seogmccb O3< hbrg sgmclamc `erusbl sek fetb pbmlreb s ybmc sefetukmyb O3
22
Xercbmtumc gmsukgm GHH@) Xg-e G/
Xg(bl tercbmtumc gmsukgm MGHH@) tg-e GG/
$(-$4 pemhergtb hgbfetes `bsul cakamcbm gmg
Femtul kbg`" selgtbr 4 hbrg hgbfetes
Fgbsbmyb pbhb bmbl hbm re`bdb
N`ur fgbsbmyb 2( tboum
Ferbt fbhbm mar`bk btbu lurus
^emhergtb sergmc ce`ul
edbkb seibrb `emhbhbl
edbkb kb`fbt kbum btbu bsg`pta`btgl
Letabsghasgs sergmc terdbhg lbremb tbl terlamtrak
Letabsghasgs dbrbmc leiubkg fgkb bhb pemyblgt kbgm ybmc ferbt
5gmhra` mamletamgl ogperas`akbr tghbl hgdu`pbg
5gmhra`b ogperas`akbr mamletamgl hgbwbkg akeo cbmccubm cgmdbk btbu lbrha6bslukbr
msukgm ybmc ferehbr tghbl hbpbt hg ulur
Lbhbr gmsukgm remhbo, mar`bk btbu fbolbm tgmccg
:esptar gmsukgm tghbl tercbmccu
:eseptar ferlurbmc btbu tghbl ejeltgj
5ergmc hghbpbt bmtgfahy terobhbp sek pukbu
!mtgfahy terobhbp sek pubku tghbl bhb
#u`kbo sek fetb ferlubrbmc fbmybl
#u`kbo sek fetb ferlurbmc sehglgt
=ghbl bhb respams terobhbp afbt ogpackgle`gl arbk
*fbt ogpackgle`gl arbk sergmc ejeltgj
!hb oufumcbm hemcbm jematgpe OE! bmtgcem H:/ hbm H:2 &ducb F, F$4'7 oeteragcat H:/1H:2 `erupblbm rgsgla lousus
=ghbl bhb oufumcbm hemcbm jematgpe OE!
Xb'ek 2. ^er'e(bbm H@ Xg-e G (bm H@ tg-e G
^bt$jgsg$k$cg Hgb'etes @ekgtus
Hgbfetes ?ekgtus &H?' `erupblbm subtu lekbgmbm ybmc oeteracemgl hemcbm lbrblter utb`b ogperckgle`gb lramgs. ?eslgpum pakb pewbrgsbmmyb feku` dekbs, jbltar cemetgl hglbtblbm `e`gkglg perbm ybmc lubt hbkb` `umiukmyb H? gmg. bltar cemetgl gmg blbm fergmterblsg hemcbm jbltar kgmclumcbm sepertg cbyb oghup, hget, remhbomyb bltg6gtbs jgsgl, afesgtbs hbm tgmccgmyb lbhbr bsb` ke`bl fefbs. ^bhb H? terdbhg hejel selresg gmsukgm, resgstemsg gmsukgm hg pergjer hbm cbmccubm recukbsg prahulsg ckulasb akeo oepbr. & hgbfetes`ekgtus.ot`k" #$$% '.
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^emyblgt hgbfetes `e`fubt cbmccubm1la`pkglbsg `ekbkug lerusblbm pbhb pe`fukuo hbrbo hg sekuruo tufuo, hgsefut bmcgapbtg hgbfetgl. ^emyblgt gmg ferdbkbm lramgs hbm terfbcg hub ybgtu cbmccubm pbhb pe`fukuo hbrbo fesbr &`blra6bslukbr' hgsefut `blrabmcgapbtg, hbm pbhb pe`fukuo hbrbo obkus &`glra6bslukbr' hgsefut `glrabmcgapbtg. Fgkb ybmc terlemb pe`fukuo hbrbo hg atbl tg`fuk strale, fgkb pbhb `btb terdbhg lefutbbm, pbhb dbmtumc pemyblgt dbmtumc laramer ybmc hbpbt ferblgfbt serbmcbm dbmtumc1gmjbrl dbmtumc, pbhb cgmdbk `emdbhg pemyblgt cgmdbk lramgl sb`pbg cbcbk cgmdbk tbobp blogr seogmccb obrus iuig hbrbo btbu trbmspkbmtbsg. Fgkb pbhb lblg tg`fuk kulb ybmc sulbr se`fuo sb`pbg `emdbhg fusul &cbmcrem'. 5ekbgm gtu fgkb sbrbj ybmc terlemb tg`fuk meurapbtg hgbfetgl, seogmccb bhb fbcgbm ybmc tghbl ferbsb bpb-bpb1`btg rbsb, selbkgpum tertusul dbru` 1pblu btbu terlemb femhb pbmbs. Lekbgmbm tumclbg fbwbo lbremb hgbfetes hgsefbflbm bhbmyb cbmccubm pe`fukuo hbrbo, cbmccubm sbrbj, hbm bhbmyb gmjelsg. ^bhb cbmccubm pe`fukuo hbrbo, lblg fgsb terbsb sblgt, dglb hgrbfb terbsb hgmcgm, dglb bhb kulb sulbr se`fuo lbremb bkgrbm hbrbo le fbcgbm tersefut suhbo ferlurbmc. ^e`erglsbbm mbhg pbhb lblg sulbr hgrbfb, lukgt tb`pbl puibt btbu lefgru-fgrubm, le`uhgbm pbhb blogrmyb hbpbt `emdbhg cbmcrem1dbrgmcbm fusul, le`uhgbm tergmjelsg hbm lu`bm tu`fuo sufur, obk gmg blbm `e`fbobyblbm pbsgem lbremb gmjelsg fgsb `emdbkbr le sekuruo tufuo &sepsgs'. Fgkb terdbhg cbmccubm sbrbj, hgsefut meurapbtg hgbfetgl hbpbt tg`fuk cbmccubm rbsb &semsargl' fbbk, lurbmc ferbsb sb`pbg `btg rbsb. 5ekbgm gtu cbmccubm `atargl, tg`fuk leke`bobm atat, atat `emceigk, lrb` atat, `uhbo kekbo. Lblg ybmc tghbl ferbsb blbm ferfbobyb lbremb fgkb `emcgmdbl femhb tbdb` tghbl blbm hgrbsb pbhbobk tekbo tg`fuk kulb, hgtb`fbo hemcbm `uhbomyb terdbhg gmjelsg. #glb suhbo cbmcrem, lblg obrus hgpatamc hg btbs fbcgbm ybmc `e`fusul tersefut. bmcrem hgbfetgl `erupblbm hb`pbl dbmclb kb`b brtergasikerasgs hbm e`fakg tra`fus leigk. !mcgapbtg hgbfetgl ob`pgr sekbku ducb `emcblgfbtlbm meurapbtg pergjer.
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ferblogr hemcbm cbmcrem. bmccubm sbrbj butama` `emcblgfbtlbm ogkbmcmyb selresg lukgt seogmccb lukgt lergmc hbm `uhbo `emcbkb`g kulb ybmc sulbr se`fuo. mjelsg hbm kulb gmg sulbr se`fuo hbm `uhbo `emcbkb`g melrasgs blgfbt hbrg tgcb jbltar. bltar pertb`b bhbkbo bmcgapbtg brtergak ybmc `emyefbflbm perjusg dbrgmcbm lblg lurbmc fbgl seogmccb `elbmgs`e rbhbmc dbhg tghbl ejeltgj. bltar lehub bhbkbo kgmclumcbm cukb hbrbo ybmc sufur umtul perle`fbmcbm fblterg pbtacem. bltar letgcb terfulbmyb pgmtbs brterg- 6emb hg suflutgs, bkgrbm mutrgem blbm `e`gmtbs te`pbt gmjelsg hg lukgt.
^em,e'b'
!hb feferbpb obk-obk ybmc hbpbt `emyefbflbm pemyblgt hgbfetes, hgbmtbrbmyb" $. ^akb `blbm ?blbm seibrb ferkefgobm hbm `ekefgog du`kbo lbhbr lbkarg ybmc hgfutuolbm akeo tufuo hbpbt `e`biu tg`fukmyb hgbfetes `ekkgtus. lamsu`sg `blbm ybmc ferkefgobm hbm tghbl hgg`fbmcg hemcbm selresg gmsukgm hbkb` du`kbo ybmc `e`bhbg hbpbt `emyefbflbm lbhbr cukb hbkb` hbrbo `emgmclbt hbm pbstgmyb blbm `emyefbflbm hgbfetes `ekgtus. %. *fesgtbs &Lece`ulbm' *rbmc ce`ul hemcbm ferbt fbhbm kefgo hbrg ;( lc iemherumc `e`gkglg pekubmc kefgo fesbr umtul terlemb pemyblgt hgbfetes `gkgtus. 5e`fgkbm hbrg sepukuo arbmc ce`ul ferpatemsg umtul terserbmc hgbfetes `ekkgtus. /. bltar emetgs Hgbfetes `ekkgtus hbpbt hgwbrgslbm hbrg arbmc tub lepbhb bmbl. em pemyefbf hgbfetes `ekkgtus blbm hgfbwb akeo bmbl dglb arbmc tubmyb `emhergtb hgbfetes `ekkgtus. ^ewbrgsbm cem gmg hbpbt sb`pbg le iuiumyb fbolbm igigt wbkbupum resglamyb sbmcbt leigk. 2. Fbobm-fbobm Lg`gb hbm *fbt-afbtbm Fbobm-fbobm lg`gb hbpbt `emcgrgtbsg pbmlrebs ybmc `emyefbflbm rbhbmc pbmlrebs, rbhbmc pbhb pbmlrebs blbm `emcblgfbtlbm jumcsg pbmlrebs `emurum seogmccb tghbl bhb selresg oar`am-oar`am umtul prases `etbfakgs`e tufuo ter`bsul gmsukgm. 5ecbkb demgs resghu afbt ybmc terblu`ukbsg hbkb` wbltu ybmc kb`b hbpbt `emcgrgtbsg
28
pbmlrebs.
4. ^emyblgt hbm gmjelsg pbhb pbmlrebs mjelsg `glraarcbmgs`e hbm 6grus pbhb pbmlrebs ducb hbpbt `emyefbflbm rbhbmc pbmlrebs ybmc ata`btgs blbm `emyefbflbm jumcsg pbmlrebs turum seogmccb tghbl bhb selresg oar`am-oar`am umtul prases `etbfakgs`e tufuo ter`bsul gmsukgm. ^emyblgt sepertg lakesterak tgmccg hbm hgskgpghe`gb hbpbt `emgmclbtlbm resgla terle`b hgbfetes `ekkgtus. >. ^akb oghup ^akb oghup ducb sbmcbt `e`pemcbruog jbltar pemyefbf hgbfetes `ekkgtus. #glb arbmc `bkbs ferakbo rbcb `e`gkglg resgla kefgo tgmccg umtul terlemb pemyblgt hgbfetes `ekkgtus lbremb akbo rbcb ferjumcsg umtul `e`fblbr lbkarg ybmc ferkefgobm hg hbkb` tufuo. Lbkarg ybmc tertg`fum hg hbkb` tufuo `erupblbm jbltar utb`b pemyefbf hgbfetes `ekkgtus sekbgm hgsjumcsg pbmlrebs. ! ottp4//www.lukgmet.ia`
^emecblbm Hgbcm$sb
Hgbcmasgs H? obrus hghbsbrlbm pbhb pe`erglsbbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo. Hbkb` `ememtulbm hgbcmasgs H? obrus hgperobtglbm bsbk fbobm hbrbo ybmc hgb`fgk hbm ibrb pe`erglsbbm ybmc hgpblbg. Nmtul hgbcmasgs, pe`erglsbbm ybmc hgbmdurlbm bhbkbo pe`erglsbbm ckulasb hemcbm ibrb emg`btgl hemcbm fbobm hbrbo pkbs`b 6emb. Nmtul `e`bstglbm hgbcmasgs H?, pe`erglsbbm ckulasb hbrbo seyacybmyb hgkblulbm hg kbfarbtargu` lkgmgl ybmc terperibyb &ybmc `ekblulbm pe`bmtbubm lemhbkg `utu seibrb terbtur'. )bkbupum he`glgbm sesubg hemcbm lamhgsg sete`pbt hbpbt ducb hgcumblbm fbobm hbrbo utuo &woake fkaah ', 6emb btbupum lbpgker hemcbm `e`perobtglbm bmclbbmclb lrgtergb hgbcmastgi ybmc ferfehb sesubg pe`fblubm akeo )O*. Nmtul pe`bmtbubm obsgk pemcafbtbm hbpbt hgperglsb ckulasb hbm lbpgker. &:ema ustb6gbmg, %((+. Fulu bdbr k`u ^emyblgt Hbkb` ehgsg lee`pbt #gkgh '. Hgbcmasgs lkgmgs H? u`u`myb blbm blbm hgpglgrlbm fgkb bhb lekuobm lobs H?
25
ferupb pakgurgb, pakghgpsgb, pakgjbcgb, hbm pemurumbm ferbt fbhbm ybmc tghbl hbpbt hgdekbslbm sefbfmyb. Lekuobm kbgm ybmc `umclgm hgle`ulblbm pbsgem bhbkbo ke`bo, lese`utbm, cbtbk, `btb lbfur, hbm hgsjumcsg erelsg pbhb prgb, sertb prurgtus 6uk6be pbhb pbsgem wbmgtb. #glb lekuobm lobs, pe`erglsbbbm ckulasb hbrbo sewbltu K %(( `c1hk suhbo iulup umtul `emecbllbm hgbcmasgs H?. Obsgk pe`erglsbbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo pubsb K $%> `c1hk ducb hgcumblbm umtul pbtalbm hgbcmasgs H? lbremb kefgo `uhbo hgterg`b akeo pbsgem sertb `urbo. Nmtul leka`pal tbmpb lekuobm lobs H? , obsgk pe`erglsbbm ckulasb hbrbo ybmc fbru sbtu lbkg sbdb bfmar`bk, fbgl lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo pubsb K $%> `c1hk. Lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo sewbltu K `c1hk pbhb obrg ybmc kbgm, btbu hbrg obsgk tes takerbmsg ckulasb arbk &==*' hghbpbtlbm lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo pbsib pe`fefbmbm K %((`c1hk.
9.9 @bmgjestbsg %edbkb Hgb'etes @bmgjestbsg ^b(b @ukut
5edu`kbo perufbobm arbk ybmc hgdekbslbm pbhb hgbfetes, ter`bsul ioegkasgs, `ulasb lergmc hbm peibo - peibo, rbsb terfblbr pbhb `ukut hbm kghbo, ferlurbmcmyb bkgrbm sbkg6b, hemcbm spesges ybmc ha`gmbmt ybgtu Ibmhghb bkfgibms, streptaiaiius oe`akgtglus, hbm stbjgkalalus. :bsga `emgmclbtmyb lbrges cgcg ducb hgb`btg pbhb hgbfetes ybmc tghbl terlamtrak. Obrus hggmcbt fbowb perufbobm tghbl sekbku terkgobt, tghbl spesgjgl, hbm tghbl pbtacma`amgl umtul hgbfetes. 5ekbgm gtu, perufbobm ybmc hgb`btg ducb pbhb hgbfetes ybmc terlamtrak. mhg6ghu hemcbm hgbfetes ybmc terlamtrak `e`gkglg respam terobhbp dbrgmcbm ybmc mar`bk, perle`fbmcbm cgcg-cekgcg ybmc mar`bk, hbm perkbwbmbm terobhbp gmjelsg ybmc mar`bk pukb, hbm tghbl bhb pemgmclbtbm gmsghem lbrges cgcg. ^emcbruo hgbfetes pbhb dbrgmcbm pergahamsgu` tekbo hgb`btg seibrb lesekuruobm. ?eslgpum sulbr umtul `e`fubt lesg`pukbm ybmc hejgmgtg6e temtbmc ejel spesgjgl hgbfetes pbhb dbrgmcbm pergahamsgu`, 6brgbsg perufbobm tekbo hgdekbslbm ter`bsul temhemsg pe`fesbrbm cgmcg6bk, terfemtulmyb cgmcg6bk pakgp, prakgjerbsg cgmcg6bk pakgpagh, terfemtulmyb bfses, pergahamtgtgs hbm leogkbmcbm cgcg. ^erufbobm ybmc pbkgmc pbrbo pbhb
2:
hgbfetes ybmc tghbl terlamtrak bhbkbo ferlurbmcmyb perkbwbmbm terobhbp hbm `emgmclbtmyb leremtbmbm terobhbp gmjelsg ybmc `emyefbflbm lerusblbm pbhb dbrgmcbm pergahamtbk. ^ergahamtgtgs pbhb hgbfetes `ekkgtus tgpe mb`pbl setekbo u`ur $% tboum. ^re6bkemsg pergahamtgtgs hgkbparlbm sefbmybl ;, pbhb usgb $/-$ tboum, hbm `emgmclbt sb`pbg /; pbhb usgb $; tboum hbm hgbtbsmyb.
Egterbture umtul permybtbbm gmg hbm pemcbruo seibrb lesekuruobm terobhbp jbltb temtbmc bhbmyb pemyblgt pergahamtbk pbhb hgbfetes `ekkgtus tghbl lamsgstem btbu `erupblbm pakb ybmc mybtb. mjkb`bsg cgmcg6bk tgmclbt kbmdut, palet pergahamtbk ybmc sbmcbt hbkb`, leogkbmcbm tukbmc ybmc iepbt, hbm bfses pergahamtbk sergmc terhbpbt pbhb pbsgem hgbfetes `ekkgtus ybmc `e`gkglg arbk oycgeme ybmc furul. !mbl-bmbl hemcbm hgbfetes `ekkgtus tgpe iemherumc `e`gkglg hestrulsg ybmc kefgo pbrbo hg selgtbr ?$ hbm gmsgsg6us hbrgpbhb hg selgtbr cgcg ybmc kbgm, tetbpg hestrulsg gmg `emdbhg kefgo kubs segrgmc hemcbm `emgmclbtmyb u`ur. ^bhb du6emgke hgbfetgi, hestrulsg pergahamtbk ybmc kubs sergmc terdbhg seoufumcbm hemcbm u`ur pbsgem. ?eslgpum feferbpb pemekgtgbm feku` `eme`ulbm oufumcbm bmtbrb stbhgu` hgbfetgi hemcbm lamhgsg pergahamtbk, stuhg ybmc terlamtrak `emumdullbm pre6bkemsg ybmc kefgo tgmccg hbm lepbrbobm pemyblgt pergahamtbk pbhb pemhergtb hgbfetes hbrgpbhb ybmc tghbl `emhergtb hgbfetes, hemcbm jbltar kalbk ybmc sb`b. ^eme`ubm ter`bsul kass aj bttbio`emt ybmc kefgo pbrbo, `emgmclbtmyb fkeehgmc am prafgmc, hbm `emgmclbtmyb `afgkgtbs cgcg. ^erfehbbm herbdbt hgbfetes pbhb pemhergtb hbm iamtrak pbhb pemhergtb hbm lepbrbobm pemyblgt `emcgmhglbsglbm sb`pke pbsgem fertbmccumc dbwbf terobhbp lurbmcmyb lamsgstemsg gmg. ^emekgtgbm terfbru `emybtblbm fbowb hgbfetes ybmc tghbl terlamtrak btbu lurbmc feroufumcbm hemcbm `emgmclbtmyb leremtbmbm hbm lepbrbobm terobhbp gmjelsg ter`bsul pergahamtgtgs. Hgbfetes tghbl `emyefbflbm cgmcg6gtgs btbu palet pergahamtbk, tetbpg terhbpbt gmhglbsg fbowb hgb hbpbt `erufbo respam dbrgmcbm pergahamtbk terobhbp jbltar kalbk, `e`periepbt fame kass hbm `e`perkb`fbt pemye`fuobm setekbo pe`fehbobm pbhb dbrgmcbm pergahamtbk. !fses pergahamtbk ybmc sergmc terdbhg `erupblbm cedbkb pemyblgt pergahamtbk ybmc terkgobt pbhb pemhergtb hgbfetes. ! ottp4//hal-kgsb.fkacspat.ia`/&eehs/'%%#%(()*$)')8(*%*$/ia``emts/he&bukt 23
@bmgjestbsg ^b(b ukgt
^bhb arcbm lukgt, pemyblgt Hgbfetes `e`ferglbm `bmgjestbsg ybmc fer6brgbsg, mb`um `elbmgs`e pbstg feku` hgletboug. Hghucb feroufumcbm hemcbm lamhgsg ogperckgle`gb btbu hgsjumcsg gmsukgm, lerusblbm ybmc hgtg`fuklbm terdbhg fbgl seibrb kbmcsumc `bupum tghbl kbmcsumc &`ekbkug pe`fukuo hbrbo, meurakacg btbu sgste` g`um'. Lamhgsg ogperckgle`gb ferperbm pemtgmc hbkb` sgste` recukbtarg prategm sepertg lakbcem, dglb recukbtarg prategm gmg tercbmccu `blb blbm terdbhg pemu`pulbm prategm mam-emzy`btgi ckyiasykbtgam &<@'. ^rahulsg <@ pbhb prases pemubbm lramakacgs, seibrb mar`bk terdbhg, tetbpg prahulsg <@ gmg tghbl sefbmybl sbbt ogperckgle`gb. !hbmyb pemu`pulbm <@ gmg `emyefbflbm blu`ukbsg prategm bhvbmieh ckyiasykbtgam emh prahuits &!@s', akeo lbremb <@ tghbl hbpbt hghecrbhbsg, blgfbtmyb terdbhg pemurumbm sakufgkgtbs bsb` hbm emg`btgl hg hbkb` lakbcem lukgt. mgkbo dbwbfbm lembpb pbhb pemhergtb hgbfetes hbpbt terdbhg cbmccubm retgmapbtg, mejrapbtg `bupum `glra6bsluker. ^bhb pemhergtb hgbfetes terdbhg pemurumbm gmer6bsg semsarg lukgt, obk gmg `erupblbm prehgspasgsg terdbhgmyb trbu`b btbu gmjelsg. !hbmyb lamhgsg ogperckgle`gb ducb `emyefbflbm cbmccubm `elbmgs`e sgste` g`umarecukbsg, ferblgfbt cbmccubm `emurummyb hbyb le`atblsgs, jbcasgtasgs hbm le`b`pubm fbltergsghbk sek kelasgt `blb le`uhbobm gmjelsg `bupum uklus. ^bhb pemhergtb H? ducb terdbhg hgsrecukbsg `etbfakgs`e kgpgh, `blb terdbhgkbo ogpertrgckgsergh ybmc `e`ferglbm `bmgjestbsg lukgt sefbcbg bmta`b eruptgj. 5e`emtbrb pbhb pemhergtb H? tgpe % resgstem terobhbp gmsukgm sergmc terdbhg ogpergmsukgme`gb, obk gmg `emyefbflbm bfmar`bkgtbs pbhb prakgjerbsg epgher`bk hbm terdbhg blbmtasgs mgcrglbm. ! ottp4//gmhahgbfetes.ia`/`bmg&estbsg-lukgt pbhb-pemhergtb-lemigmc-`bmgs-hgbfetes-`ekkgtus.ot`k/
Fe'erb-b >$mt$o @bmgjestbsg rbk Hgb'etes ^b(b Xu'uo
$. ^@:*H*<==5
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:esgstemsg dbrgmcbm cgmcg6b hbm dbrgmcbm pergahamtbk `emurum lbremb bhbmyb " •
^erufbobm la`pasgsg lakbcem
•
:ecukbsg hgbfetes hbm arbk Oycgeme
bltar pemietus " •
bltar gmjelsg
•
!mcgapbtg hgbfetgi
•
%. !<NE!: 3O@E=5 ?erupblbm subtu kesg lramgs ferupb jgssure &iekbo pbhb suhut fgfgr, terbsb myerg lbremb sb`pbg le `e`frbm fbsbkgs, hberbo selgtbr ergte`b, ferupb jgsure ybmc hbkb`' sergmcmyb fgkbterbk. @tgakacg " db`ur ibmhghb bkfgibms.
bltar prehgspasgsg " bme`gb, usgb tub, lefgbsbbm *O &arbk ogcgeme' `ukut ybmc dekel, pemccumbbm bmtgfgatgl ybmc kubs, `erupblbm pemurumbm hg`emsg 6ertgibk. /. ?@H!< :O*?F*H E*55=5 5ubtu feribl kgigm, cumhuk, kesg ferwbrmb `erbo tbmpb pbpgkkb jgkgjar`gs, ferfbtbs dekbs, hemcbm tepg grrecukbr Ealbsg
pbkgmc sergmc " cbrgs temcbo harsu` kghbo
27
@tgakacg " ibmhghb bkfgibms ^rehgspasgsg " pbsgem hgbfetes, bmtgfgatgl speltru` kubs, supresg g`um. 2. FN:<< ?*N=O 5J
. 55N:@H =*N<@
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lobs
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ferfemtul
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`emygkbmc, hglembk sfbcbg Mwgilob` strgbeM. Fersgjbt lramgs, hbpbt terdbhg pbhb lukgt, `ulasb btbu lukgt hbm `ulasb @tgakacg " Feku` dekbs ^rehgspasgsg &jbltar pemietus' " 5tress @`asg, *fbt-afbtbm, bmccubm g`um Lekuobm Egioem ^kbmus" •
:bsb lbsbr pbhb `ulasb `ukut
•
5emsgtg6gtbs terobhbp `blbmbm pbmbs, ferfu`fu, bsb` btbu pehbs
•
:bsb myerg ymc ogkbmc tg`fuk pbhb `ulasb `ukut
6>
•
•
^kbl putgo1 `erbo pbhb `ulasb `ukut
•
Nkserbsg pbhb `ulasb `ukut
•
gmcg6b le`erbobm ! ottp4//`bmgs&estbsgarbkpbhbpbsgemhgbfetes.fkacspat.ia`/&eehs/past.ot`k
@bmgjestbsg kgmgs ^b(b Hgb'etes
Lbremb lelurbmcbm gmsukgm hbm `e`gkglg lbhbr cukb ybmc tgmccg hbkb` hbrbo, `blb feferbpb cedbkb ybmc u`u` fbcg pemhergtb hgbfetes fbgl tgpe $ `bupum tgpe %. !pbfgkb !mhb `emcbkb`g feferbpb cedbkb tersefut, bhb fbglmyb !mhb `ekblulbm pemceielbm umtul `emcetboug lbhbr cukb hbrbo. 5eibrb u`u`, feferbpb cedbkb ybmc terdbhg bmtbrb kbgm" •
5ergmc fubmc bgr leigk
•
5ergmc `erbsb sbmcbt obus
•
5ergmc kbpbr lbremb tghbl `emhbpbt iulup emercg seogmccb tufuo `e`ferg sgmybk kbpbr
•
^emurumbm ferbt fbhbm seibrb tgfb-tgfb `eslg tghbl bhb usbob `emurumlbm ferbt fbhbm. Obk gmg lbremb sewbltu tufuo tghbl hbpbt `emybkurlbm cukb le hbkb` seksekmyb, tufuo `e`fblbr ckglacem, ke`bl hbm prategmmyb
semhgrg umtul
`emhbpbtlbm emercg. •
5ergmc lese`utbm pbhb lblg btbu tbmcbm.
•
?emcbkb`g `bsbkbo pbhb lukgt sepertg cbtbk btbu faral.
•
#glb `emcbkb`g kulb, futuo wbltu kb`b umtul hbpbt se`fuo.
•
^erufbobm pergkblu sepertg `uhbo tersgmccumc. ^emyefbfmyb lbremb pemhergtb hgbfetes tgpe $ sergmc terfbmcum pbhb `bkb` obrg umtul fubmc bgr leigk seogmccb tghbl hbpbt tghur myemybl .
•
?uhbo `erbsb kekbo.
!+e,bkbemigmcbmgsIgrg-igrg>emyblgt+ukb.ot`" #$'$.
9. ^e&erglsbbm Kb'$rbt$rgu& ^e`erglsbbm pemybrgmc hglerdblbm pbhb leka`pal hemcbm sbkbo sbtu resgla H? 62
sefbcbg ferglut" $. Nsgb 0 24 tboum %. Ferbt fbhbm kefgo " FF: 0 $$( FF ghb`bm btbu ?= 0 %/ lc1`% /. Ogpertemsg &K $2(1;( ``Oc' 2. :gwbybt H? hbkb` cbrgs leturumbm 4. :gwbybt bfartus ferukbmc, `ekbogrlbm fbyg ibibt btbu FF kbogr fbyg 0 2((( c >. Lakesterak OHE A /4 `c1hk hbm btbu trgckgserghb K %4( `c1hk !2ema +utbvgbmg" #$$%. 6ulu 9,br >emyblgt hbkb`hgsg lee`pbt 5gkgh :::.
^e`erglsbbm ybmc pbkgmc `uhbo umtul `emcetboug pemyblgt hgbfetes bhbkbo hemcbm `ekblulbm pemcudgbm lbhbr hbrbo pubsb. #glb lbhbr hbrbo pubsb kefgo hbrg $2( `c1hk btbu $4( `c1hk pbhb hub lbkg pe`erglsbbm btbu kefgo. Ogperckgle`gb setekbo pubsb btbu lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo sewbltu kefgo hbrg %(( `c1hk `erupblbm cedbkb ybmc lobs umtul hgbfetes loususmyb hgbfetes `ekkgtus. Lbhbr ckulasb hbrbo pubsb mar`bk ob`pgr pbstg `emygmclgrlbm bhbmyb hgbfetes. =est takerbmsg terobhbp ckulasb &ckuiase rakerbmie test, ==' obmyb fercumb umtul hgbcmastgi fgkb lbhbr cukb hbrbo pubsb btbu pastprbmhgbk `erbculbm btbu fgkb bhb ckulasbrgb ybmc tghbl dekbs sefbfmyb. =est takerbmsg ckulasb arbk hbpbt hgpemcbruog akeo fbmybl 6brgbfek jgsgakacgl hbm hbpbt hg tbjsgrlbm fer`bib`-`bib`. =est takerbmsg ckulasb gmtrb6emb ybmc fgbsbmyb kefgo sulbr umtul hgtbjsgrlbm dbrbmc hgcumblbm umtul hgbcmasb. ^emhergtb ybmc `emdbkbmg == obrus ferbhb hbkb` stbtus cgg fbgl, tghbl fakeo `blbm sbkgsgkbt, hguretgi, bmtgiam6uksbmt, steragh btbu afbt lamtrbseptgj arbk, tghbl fakeo `eralal, `blbm btbu `gmu` bgr sekb`b $% db` sefeku` test hg kblulbm. Lelurbmcbm lbrfaoghrbt, tghbl bhb bltg6gtbs btbu gstgrbobt ferfbrgmc hbpbt `emccbmcu takerbmsg terobhbp ckulasb. Lbremb gtu == sefbglmyb tghbl hgkblulbm pbhb pemhergtb ybmc hgrbwbt fbrgmc btbu tghbl fakeo turum hbrg te`pbt tghur btbu pbhb arbmc hemcbm hggt ybmc tghbl `emiulupg. ^emhergtb obrus `blbm pbkgmc sehglgt $4( c lbrfaoghrbt tgbp obrg sekb`b tgcb obrg sefeku` test hgkblulbm. 5ekbgm gtu pemhergtb ducb tghbl fakeo `gmu` bklaoak. ?bsgo feku` bhb lesesubgbm temtbmc fbmyblmyb ckulasb ybmc hgferglbm. Feferbpb pemekgtg `emccumblbm hasgs stbmhbrh &fer6brgbsg bmtbrb 4( c, +4 c btbu $(( c', sehbmclbm
66
ybmc kbgm `e`fer ckulasb `emurut ulurbm tufuo ybgtu $,+4 c1lc ferbt fbhbm btbu 4( c1`% per`ulbbm tufuo. 5etekbo hbrbo pubsb hgb`fgk, pemhergtb hgferg ckulasb hbkb` bgr ybmc fgbsbmyb hgferg rbsb supbyb kefgo `uhbo hg`gmu`. ^rataiak urutbm pemcb`fgkbm hbrbo ferfehb-fehb7 lefbmyblbm pemekgtg `e`erglsb hbrbo setekbo $ hbm % db`7 feferbpb pemekgtg kbgm `emcb`fgk hbrbo db` le-/ sehbmclbm ybmc kbgm kbcg `emcb`fgk iamtao hbrbo pbhb db` hbm $ db` setekbo `gmu` ckulasb. ^emcu`pukbm urgm tghbl `utkbl tetbpg sergmc hgkblublm. Fgkb ckulasb hgferglbm hemcbm ibgrbm hbkb` du`kbo fesbr, pemb`pumcbm urgm pbhb $ ogmccb % db` tghbl `emg`fuklbm lesulbrbm hbm obsgk pe`erglsbbm hbpbt `e`ferg petumdul ferbpb fbmybl ckulasb ybmc hglekubrlbm akeo pemhergtb pbhb tgmclbt ogperckgle`gb tertemtu. Fgkb terdbhg ckulasurgb tbmpb ogperckgle`gb pemhergtb sefbglmyb hgperglsb terobhbp bhb tghblmyb jumcsg trgfukg ybmc bfmar`bk.
Xb'ek 6. gmter-retbsg lb(br ckul$sb (brbo &c(k/ Fulbm H?
Feku` ^bstg H?
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9.8 ^em*ecbobm (bm ^emc$'btbm #br&bl$k$cg (bm M$mjbr&bl$k$cg
69
^em*ecbobm
?emurut )O* tboum $;;2, upbyb pemiecbobm pbhb hgbfetes bhb / demgs btbu tbobp ybgtu" •
^emiecbobm selumher" se`ub bltg6gtbs ybmc hgtudulbm umtul pemiecbo tg`fukmyb ogperckglg`gb pbhb gmhg6ghu ybmc feresgla umtul dbhg hgbfetes btbu pbhb papukbsg u`u`.
•
^emiecbobm selumher" `eme`ulbm pemcghbp H? sehgmg `uclgm, `gsbkmyb hemcbm tes pemybrgmcbm terutb`b pbhb papukbsg resgla tgmccg. Hemcbm he`glgbm pbsgem hgbfetes ybmc sefeku`myb tghbl terhgbcmasgs hbpbt terdbrgmc, ogmccb hemcbm he`glgbm hbpbt hgkblulbm upbyb umtul `emiecbo la`pkglbsg btbu lbkbupum suhbo bhb la`pkglbsg `bsgo re6ersgfke.
•
^emiecbobm tersger" se`ub upbyb umtul `emiecbo la`pkglbsg btbu leibibtbm blgfbt la`pkglbsg gtu. Nsbob gmg `ekgputg" a
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!3uhbrtbwbm 3aecamha" #$$%. 6ulu 9,br >emyblgt hbkb`hgsg lee`pbt 5gkgh :::. 65
Xerb-g M$mjbr&bl$k$cg
Feferbpb terbpg mamjbr`blakacg hemcbm ibrb `erufbo cbyb oghup ybmc hbpbt hgcumblbm umtul `emye`fuolbm hgbfetes, bmtbrb kbgm"
=erbpg cgg `ehgs Jbgtu pemcbturbm pakb `blbm hbm biupbm cgg pbhb `blbmbm. Hgbmtbrbmyb lbrfaoghrbt ybmc hgferglbm pbhb pbsgem hgbfetes tghbl kefgo hbrg 44-4> hbrg tatbk lefutuobm emercy seobrg, btbu tghbl kefgo hbrg +( dglb hgla`fgmbsg hemcbm pe`fergbm bsb` ke`bl tbl demuo rbmtbg tumccbk `amaumsbturbteh
&btty
bighs'.
#u`kbo
lefutuobm
&?N! D
prategm
ybmc
hgrela`emhbsglbm selgtbr $(-$4 hbrg tatbk lbkarg per obrg. Hbm pe`fbtbsbm bsupbm ke`bl.
Ebtgobm #bs`bmg Jbgtu `emgmclbtlbm bltg6gtbs dbs`bmg hemcbm ibrb `ekblulbm bltg6gtbs `gmg`bk atat sleketbk kefgo hbrg ybmc hgperkulbm umtul 6emtgkbsg fbsbk pbru, sepertg `gsbkmyb" fbmcum tghur, `e`bsbl, ferpblbgbm, `emiuig, `blbm, fbolbm tersemyu`. Ferbmclbt lerdb, felerdb, ferfgibrb, ferjglgr, tertbwb, `eremibmblbm lecgbtbm esal, le`uhgbm tghur. 5e`ub lecgbtbm tbhg tbmpb hgsbhbrg akeo hgbfetes, tekbo selbkgcus `emdbkbmlbm pemcekakbbm terobhbp H? seobrg-obrg.
@hulbsg Jbgtu `ekblulbm ehulbsg temtbmc ferfbcbg `bsbkbo ybmc ferlbgtbm hemcbm pemyblgt hgbfetes ybmc hgkblulbm seibrb terus-`emerus, sertb `ekblulbm bpb ybmc tekbo hgbmdurlbm hbrg ehulbsg ybmc hghbpbtlbmmyb. !` ?umgr" 3uobrla 3aefbrhg" #$$%. 6ulu 9,br >emyblgt hbkb`hgsg lee`pbt 5gkgh :::. 6:
9.: @b--gmc (bm ^e&'bobsbm @b--gmc $mse-
perbhbmcbm pbmlrebs & gmsukgtgs ' &e%gsgemsg gmsukgm ' resgstemsg gmsukgm
*emurumbm !e`blbgbm ckulasb ake" sek
Ckulbcam ckulameacemesgs
)g!erckgle`gb
(e`bl
*rategm
Bsghasgs
,gtracem urgme
he"ghrbsg
Bteraslkerasgs
- la`b
$blra+bsluker
- le`btgbm
dbmtumc
$galbrh gm%brl
Ierefrbk
elstre`gtbs
#trale
Cbmccubm gmtecrgtbs lukgt
$glra+bsluker
Vetgmb
Cc !emckg"btbm
Cgmdbk
Cbcbk cgmdbk
63
@tgakacg Hgbfetes ?ekkgtus tgpe $ ogmccb lgmg `bsgo feku` hbpbt hgsepblbtg akeo pbrb bokg.
6?
FBF GGG ^EMUXU^
9.2esg&-ukbm Hgbfetes `erupblbm pemyblgt ybmc `e`gkglg la`pkglbsg &`emyefbflbm terdbhgmyb pemyblgt kbgm' ybmc pbkgmc fbmybl. Obk gmg ferlbgtbm hemcbm lbhbr cukb hbrbo ybmc tgmccg terus `emerus, seogmccb ferblgfbt rusblmyb pe`fukuo hbrbo, sbrbj hbm strultur gmtermbk kbgmmyb. Sbt la`pkels ybmc terhgrg hbrg cukb hg hbkb` hgmhgmc pe`fukuo hbrbo `emyefbflbm pe`fukuo hbrbo `emefbk hbm `emcbkb`g lefaiarbm. !lgfbt pemefbkbm gmg `blb bkgrbm hbrbo blbm ferlurbmc, terutb`b ybmc `emudu le lukgt hbm sbrbj. Lbhbr cukb hbrbo ybmc tghbl terlamtrak ducb iemherumc `emyefbflbm lbhbr bt ferke `bl hbkb` hbrbo `emgmclbt, seogmccb `e`periepbt terdbhgmyb bteraslkerasgs &pemg`fumbm pkbl ke`bl hg hbkb` pe`fukuo hbrbo'. !teraslkerasgs gmg %-> lbkg kefgo sergmc terdbhg pbhb pemhergtb hgbfetes. 5grlukbsg hbrbo ybmc furul gmg `ekbkug pe`fukuo hbrbo fesbr &`blra' fgsb `ekulbg atbl, dbmtumc, hbm pe`fukuo hbrbo lblg &`blrabmcgapbtg', sehbmclbm pe`fukuo hbrbo leigk &`glra' fgsb `ekulbg `btb, cgmdbk, sbrbj hbm lukgt sertb `e`perkb`fbt pemye`fuobm kulb. ^emhergtb hgbfetes fgsb `emcbkb`g ferfbcbg la`pkglbsg dbmclb pbmdbmc dglb hgbfetesmyb tghbl hglekakb hemcbm fbgl. La`pkglbsg ybmc kefgo sergmc terdbhg hbm `e`btglbm bhbkbo serbmcbm dbmtumc hbm strale. Lerusblbm pbhb pe`fukuo hbrbo `btb fgsb `emyefbflbm cbmccubm pemckgobtbm blgfbt lerusblbm pbhb retgmb `btb &retgmapbtg hgbfetglu`'. Lekbgmbm jumcsg cgmdbk fgsb `emyefbflbm cbcbk cgmdbk seogmccb pemhergtb obrus `emdbkbmg iuig hbrbo &hgbkgsb'. bmccubm pbhb sbrbj hbpbt fer`bmgjestbsg hbkb` feferbpb femtul. #glb sbtu sbrbj `emcbkb`g lekbgmbm jumcsg &`amameurapbtg', `blb sefubo kemcbm btbu tumclbg fgbsb seibrb tgfb-tgfb `emdbhg ke`bo. Lerusblbm pbhb sbrbj `emyefbflbm lukgt kefgo sergmc `emcbkb`g ieherb lbremb pemhergtb tghbl hbpbt `erbhblbm perufbobm telbmbm `bupum suou. Ferlurbmcmyb bkgrbm hbrbo le lukgt ducb fgsb `emyefbflbm uklus &faral' hbm se`ub pemye`fuobm kulb ferdbkbm kb`fbt. Nklus hg lblg fgsb sbmcbt hbkb` hbm `emcbkb`g gmjelsg sertb `bsb pemye`fuobmmyb kb`b seogmccb sefbcgbm tumclbg obrus hgb`putbsg.
67
=udubm utb`b hbrg pemcafbtbm hgbfetes bhbkbo umtul `e`pertbobmlbm lbhbr cukb hbrbo hbkb` lgsbrbm ybmc mar`bk.
9.6"brbm #glb gmcgm `emcurbmcg resgla terlemb hgbfetes, `blb lgtb obrus `emdbcb pakb `blbm lgtb seobrg-obrg hbm ducb rbdgm ferakborbcb. Fbmybl pemyblgt hbpbt hgiecbo hemcbm cbyb oghup hbm pakb `blbm ybmc seobt. Hg bmtbrbmyb bhbkbo hgbfetes, ybmc ducb sbkbo sbtu pemyefbf utb`b le`btgbm hg fbmybl mecbrb, ter`bsul hg mhamesgb. !hb fbmybl obk ybmc hghucb `emdbhg pe`giu `umiukmyb pemyblgt hgbfetes, hbm sbkbo sbtu hg bmtbrbmyb bhbkbo pakb `blbm ybmc tghbl fbgl. Hg sb`pgmc gtu, pakb `blbm seobt ducb terfultg fer`bmjbbt `emiecbo terdbhgmyb pemyblgt dbmtumc laramer, lbmler,
ogpertemsg, hbm
lerusblbm cgmdbk. Ferglut gmg feferbpb tgps pakb `blbm ybmc seobt ybmc hbpbt hgcumblbm"
2. ^er'bm,bl l$msu&sg 'bobm &blbmbm (brg tu&'uobm
Fbobm `blbmbm hbrg tu`fuobm `erupblbm fbobm `blbmbm utb`b umtul pemiecbobm hgbfetes. Obk gmg lbremb sbyur hbm fubo `erupblbm su`fer utb`b poytaioe`gibks, ybgtu 9>
bt bkb`gbo ybmc ferjumcsg `ekgmhumcg tufuo hbrg pe`femtulbm tu`ar. Hemcbm `emclamsu`sg % - 2 parsg fubo-fubobm hbm / - 4 parsg sbyur-sbyurbm, hgperlgrblbm blbm `emurumlbm rgsgla lbmler sefesbr %( .
6. ^er'bm,bl du&kbo serbt (bkb& &blbmbm seobrg+obrg
?emclamsu`sg lbrfaoghrbt la`pkels hbm `blbmbm ferserbt sefbcbg pemccbmtg lbrfaoghrbt seherobmb &sepertg tepumc btbu cukb'. 5erbt ybmc terlbmhumc hbkb` sbyur hbm fubo, tghblkbo terhbpbt pbhb hbcgmc, susu, ledu `bupum `gmybl. 5ehbmclbm prases pe`utgobm tepumc tergcu dustru blbm `emcogkbmclbm lbmhumcbm serbt cbmhu`. 5erbt fer`bmjbbt `e`perkb`fbt wbltu pemiermbbm `blbmbm, seogmccb rbsb lemybmc terbsb kefgo kb`b hbm tufuo hbpbt `emyerbp bt cgg hbrg `blbmbm hemcbm fbgl. 5erbt ducb ferglbtbm hemcbm bsb` e`pehu ybmc `emcbmhumc lakesterak hbm blbm `emcekubrlbmmyb hbrg tufuo kewbt tgmdb, seogmccb blogrmyb lbhbr lakesterak blbm turum. ?bmjbbt serbt ybmc kbgmmyb ybmc tbl lbkbo pemtgmc bhbkbo ejel bmtg se`fekgt ybmc hg`gkglgmyb, seogmccb leseobtbm usus `emdbhg kefgo fbgl lbremb fubmc bgr fesbr hbpbt hgkblulbm seibrb kbmibr setgbp obrg.
9. @gmg&bklbm -emccumbbm ke&bl demuo
Ee`bl demuo ybmc terlbmhumc pbhb prahul oewbmg sepertg hbcgmc, susu, hbm ledu blbm `emgmclbtlbm rgsgla lbmler hbm pemyblgt dbmtumc laramer. Fbobm pbmcbm ybmc hbpbt hgcumblbm umtul `emccbmtglbm ke`bl demuo bhbkbo `gmybl mbfbtg sepertg `gmybl bgtum hbm `gmybl ibmakb ybmc `emcbmhumc ke`bl tbl demuo. 5ekbgm `emcurbmcg rgsgla pemyblgt, `gmybl mbfbtg rekbtgj tghbl `emgmclbtlbm ferbt fbhbm.
. 3brgbsg &blbmbm
5usumkbo `emu `blbmbm seibrb fer6brgbsg, `emccumblbm ferfbcbg demgs sbyur hbm fubo. 5byur hbm fubo `erupblbm su`fer 6gtb`gm, `gmerbk hbm bmtgalsghbm ybmc bkb`g. !mtgalsghbm bhbkbo pemcobmiur rbhglbk fefbs ybmc bhb hbkb` tufuo. Egmclumcbm ybmc terie`br, fbobm `blbmbm ybmc hgbwetlbm sertb bsbp ralal `erupblbm iamtao su`fer rbhglbk fefbs hg selgtbr lgtb. Lamsu`sg fbobm `blbmbm ybmc `emcbmhumc bmtgalsghbm blbm `emurumlbm lbhbr rbhglbk fefbs hg hbkb` tufuo seogmccb `emiecbo lerusblbm 92
dbrgmcbm tufuo hbm terdbhgmyb lbmler.
8. Fbobm &blbmbm bkb&g
^gkgokbo fbobm `blbmbm ybmc `bsgo bkb`g. ^rases pemcakbobm fbobm pbmcbm sergmclbkg `bkbo `emcogkbmclbm bt cgg hbm mutrgsg ybmc terlbmhumc hg hbkb`myb. :gset pbrb bokg tekbo `emumdullbm fbowb bt cgg, mutrgsg, hbm bmtgalsghbm hbrg fbobm pbmcbm bkb`g kefgo fbgl lubkgtbsmyb hbrg pbhb ybmc ferupb akbobm btbupum ferupb supke`em `blbmbm.
:. @blbm se*ulu-m,b
?blbmkbo seiulupmyb, hbkb` brtgbm dbmcbm sb`pbg lelurbmcbm mb`um ducb dbmcbmkbo ferkefgobm. Lelurbmcbm bt cgg lbremb `blbm terkbku sehglgt suhbo temtu blbm `emyefbflbm tufuo tghbl `e`gkglg `ahbk ybmc iulup umtul `etbfakgs`e seobrg-obrg hbm umtul `e`fbmcum lelefbkbm terobhbp pemyblgt.
?. @blbm se*brb terbtur
5ehbpbt `umclgm bturkbo bcbr `blbm hgkblulbm seibrb terbtur wbltumyb. Obk gmg pemtgmc lbremb selresg bsb` kb`fumc hbm emg` pemiermbbm u`u`myb `emcglutg grb`b obrgbm sesubg hemcbm dbhwbk `blbm sefeku`myb. =ghbl terbturmyb dbhwbk `blbm hbpbt `emyefbflbm ferfbcbg lekuobm sblgt `bbc, lbremb bhbmyb grgtbsg hbrg bsb` kb`fumc hbm emg` pemiermbbm pbhb sbkurbm iermb ybmc lasamc. ^emcbturbm `blbm `erupblbm pgkbr utb`b pemcekakbbm hgbfetes `ekkgtus &H?'.
96
u`u`myb, ybgtu `blbmbm `emu seg`fbmc hbm sesubg hemcbm lefutuobm lbkarg `bsgmc`bsgmc. 5efbkglmyb bmdurbm `blbm fbcg Hgbfetgsg ducb blbm sbmcbt fbgl umtul arbmc seobt ybmc mam H? hbm ducb umtul `emiecbo pemyblgt sbkbo cgg ybmc kbgmmyb. =udubm `blbm sesubg lefutuobm lbkarg bhbkbo bcbr hbpbt `emibpbg hbm `e`pertbobmlbm ferbt fbhbm ybmc mar`bk. ^bhb Hgbfetgsg ybmc ce`ul, lbhbr cukb hbrbo sukgt hglemhbkglbm, seogmccb ferbt fbhbm perku hgfubt mar`bk. Ferbt fbhbm mar`bk ferlgsbr bmtbrb lurbmc hbrg $( sb`pbg kefgo hbrg $( hbrg ferbt fbhbm ghb`bm. Hgbfetgsg tbl perku tblut `blbm hbm hgbmdurlbm `blbm fersb`b bmccatb lekubrcb kbgmmyb, ybgtu `emu `blbmbm ybmc seg`fbmc sesubg lefutuobm cgg. Nmtul hbpbt `blbm sesubg lefutuobm cgg, lgtb perku `emcetboug lefutuobm lbkarg seobrg. 5ekbgm `e`fbmtu hbkb` lefutuobm lbkarg, bokg cgg1hget ducb `emybrbmblbm 6brgbsg `blbmbm sesubg hemcbm hbjtbr fbobm `blbmbm pemulbr.
99
