”MAKALAH BAJA”
ANDI ANDINI JUNIARTI SATRIO WICAKSONO SHAFIRA FITRIA
TEKNOLOGI BAHAN BANGUNAN BANGUNAN JURUSAN TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN PERENCANAAN UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala puj !ag Alla" SWT #a$g %ela" &e&!e'(a$ (e&u)a"a$ )a$ pe'%*l*$ga$+ ,e"$gga &a(ala" %e$%a$g Baja $ )apa% ),ele,a(a$Ma(ala" $ )apa% ),ele,a(a$ (a'e$a a)a$#a (e'ja ,a&a #a$g !a( )e$ga$ !e'!aga p"a(- Ole" (a'e$a %u+ Pe$#u,u$ &e$gu.ap(a$ %e'&a (a," (epa)a !e'!aga p"a( #a$g %ela" !a$#a( &e&!a$%u )ala& pe$#u,u$a$ &a(ala" $Se&*ga &a(ala" $ )apa% !e'&a$/aa% !ag pe&!a.a- K'%( )a$ ,a'a$ ,a$ga% (a& "a'ap(a$ )e& pe'!a(a$ &a(ala" $-
Dep*(+ Ma'e% 0123
Pe$#u,u$
DAFTAR ISI KATA KATA PENGANTAR44444-------------------------------------PENGANTAR44444-------------------------------------4444444444444444-- DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI4444444-------------------44444444444444444444444--- PENDAHULUAN4444444--444444444444 PENDAHULUAN4444444--4 44444444444444444444-- 444444444-- A- APA ITU BAJA 5-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B- SIFAT SIFAT6SIFA 6SIFAT BAJA4444444 BAJA444444444----------------------------------44444444444----------------------------------444444444C- KOMPOSISI KOMPOSISI BAJA44444 BAJA444444444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444----4-----------------------------------------4444--D- MACAM6MACA MACAM6MACAM M BAJA4444 BAJA44444444 444444444444---------------------------------------------------------------4444 -4444 E- PROSES PEMBENTUKAN PEMBENTUKAN BAJA44444 BAJA444444444 44444444 444444---44-----------------------------------------------------4444444-------------F- MELINDUNGI MELINDUNGI BAJA DARI KOROSI4444 KOROSI44444444 44444444 4444----------------------------------------------------------44444444444---G- KLASIFIKASI KLASIFIKASI BAJA44444 BAJA4444444-4 44-44444 44444444 44444444 44444444 44444444H- PENGAPLIKASIAN BAJA------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------I- KEKURANGAN KEKURANGAN DAN KELEBIHAN KELEBIHAN BAJA4444 BAJA44444444 44444444 44444444 44444-4-PENUTUP444444444444444444444444-----------------------------------7 DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTAKA4444444444 PUSTAKA44444444444444------------------------------------4444------------------------------------444444444--7
PENDAHULUAN A- LAT LATAR BELAK BELAKANG ANG Te($( Te($( A',%e(%u' A',%e(%u' &e'upa(a$ l&u #a$g &e&pelaja' !a$#a( ! a$#a( "al %e$%a$g ge)u$g+ jala$+ je&!a%a$+ !a$gu$a$ a'+ %'a$,p*'%a,+ )a$ la$6la$la$6la$- U$%u( &e&pelaja' %u ,e&ua+ "a'u, &e&pelaja' &a%a (ula" %e($*l*g !a"a$ !a$gu$a$ %e'le!" )a"uluIl&u !a"a$ !a$gu$a$ a)ala" l&u #a$g &e&pelaja' %e$%a$g !a"a$6!a"a$ !a$gu$a$ ,epe'% !aja+ !e%*$+ (a#u+ )a$ la$6la$Baja a)ala" ,ala" ,a%u #a$g )pelaja' ) l&u !a"a$ !a$gu$a$ $- Ka'e$a $g$ &e$ge%a"u le!" !a$#a( lag %e$%a$g !aja+ &a(a ),u,u$la" &a(ala" $B- TUJUAN Tujua$ ),u,u$$#a &a(ala" $ a)ala" u$%u( &e&e$u" %uga, Ma%a Kula" Te($*l*g Te($*l*g Ba"a$ Ba$gu$a$ #a$g )!e'(a$ *le" Bp(- Pu'8a$%* J*(* Sla&e%*- Ka& "a'ap !,a &e$)apa%(a$ $la #a$g !a(C- MANF MANFA AAT Ma(ala" $ I$,#a Alla" )apa% !e'&a$/aa% !ag pa'a &a"a,,8a+ (a'e$a ) )ala& &a(ala" $ %e')apa% $/*'&a,6$/*'&a, &e$ge$a !aja-
A. Apa Itu Itu Baja Baja ? Baja a)ala" l*ga& pa)ua$ l*ga& pa)ua$ )e$ga$ )e$ga$ !e, !e, ,e!aga ,e!aga u$,u' )a,a' )a$ (a'!*$ ,e!aga (a'!*$ ,e!aga u$,u' pa)ua$ u%a&a$#a- Baja )apa% )pa(a u$%u( !aga$ ,%'u(%u' #a$g &e$a"a$ ga #a %e(a$ &aupu$ ga#a %a'(D!a$)$g(a$ je$, l*ga& la$ 9alu&$u$&+ %e&!aga+ )a$ la$6la$:+ !aja a)ala" #a$g pal$g !a$#a( ) p'*)u(, ) )u$a "$gga ,aa% $-
B. Sifat - Sifat Sifat Baja Baja 2- Keu$ Keu$gg ggul ula$ a$ Baja Baja D ,a&p$g (e(ua%a$$#a #a$g !e,a' u$%u( &e$a"a$ (e(ua%a$ %a'( )a$ %e(a$ %a$pa &e&!u%u"(a$ !a$#a( 7*lu&e+ !aja juga &e&pu$#a ,/a%6,/a% la$ #a$g &e$gu$%u$g(a$ ,e"$gga &e$ja)(a$$#a ,e!aga ,ala" ,a%u !a"a$ !a$gu$a$ #a$g ,a$ga% u&u& )pa(a )e8a,a $- Be!e'apa (eu$%u$ga$ !aja ,e!aga &a%e'al ,%'u(%u' a$%a'a la$; a. Ke(ua%a$ T$gg
De8a,a $ !aja !,a )p'*)u(, )e$ga$ !e'!aga (e(ua%a$ #a$g !,a )$#a%a(a$ )e$ga$ (e(ua%a$ %ega$ga$ %e(a$ lele"$#a 9F#: a%au *le" %ega$ga$ %a'( !a%a, 9Fu:- Ba"a$ !aja 8alaupu$ )a' je$, #a$g pal$g 'e$)a" (e(ua%a$$#a+ %e%ap &e&pu$#a pe'!a$)$ga$ (e(ua%a$ pe'67*lu&e le!" %$gg !la )!a$)$g(a$ )e$ga$ !a"a$6!a"a$ !a$gu$a$ la$$#a #a$g u&u& )pa(a- Hal $ &e&u$g($(a$ pe'e$.a$aa$ ,e!ua" (*$,%'u(, !aja !,a &e&pu$#a !e!a$ &a% #a$g le!" (e.l u$%u( !e$%a$g #a$g le!" pa$ja$g+ ,e"$gga&e&!e'(a$ (ele!"a$ 'ua$g )a$ 7*lu&e #a$g )apa% )&a$/aa%(a$ a(!a% la$g,$g$#a p'*/l6 p'*/l #a$g )pa(a -
b. Ke'a,
Baja %u ,a$ga% (e'a, ,e(al ,e"$gga ,e!aga !a"a$ (*$,%'u(,+ !aja &u$g($ ,aja u$%u( )gu$a(a$ !e'!aga %ujua$- Apa!la u$%u( p'*)u(6p'*)u( !aja %e'%e$%u a)a ,ua%u (e"a'u,a$+&a(a !,a ,aja !aja %u+ )e$ga$ .a'a )pa$a,(a$+)!ua% lua' !a,a (e'a,$#ac. Ke Kemu muda daa a! ! Pema" Pema"a! a!#a #a! !
Se&ua !aga$6!aga$ )a' (*$,%'u(, !aja !,a )pe',ap(a$ ) !e$g(el+ ,e"$gga ,a%u6 ,a%u$#a (ega%a$ #a$g )la(u(a$ ) lapa$ga$ ala" (ega%a$ pe&a,a$ga$ !aga$6!aga$ (*$,%'u(, #a$g %ela" )pe',ap(a$- Se!aga$ !e,a' )a' (*&p*$e$6(*&p*$e$ (*$,%'u(, &e&pu$#a !e$%u( ,%a$)a' #a$g ,ap )gu$a(a$ !,a )pe'*le" ) %*(*6%*(* !e,+ ,e"$gga 8a(%u #a$g )pe'lu(a$ u$%u( &e&!ua% !aga$6!aga$ (*$,%'u(, !aja #a$g %ela" a)a+ juga !,a )la(u(a$ )e$ga$ &u)a" (a'e$a (*&p*$e$6(*&p*$e$ !aja !a,a$#a &e&pu$#a !e$%u( ,%a$)a' )a$ ,/a%6,/a% #a$g %e'%e$%u+ ,e'%a &u)a" )pe'*le" ) &a$a6 &a$ad. Se$a#am
S/a%6,/a% !aja !a( ,e!aga !a"a$ !a$gu$a$ &aupu$ )ala& !e$%u( ,%'u(%u' )apa% %e'(e$)al )e$ga$ !a( ,e(al+ ,e"$gga pa'a a"l )apa% &e$g"a'ap(a$ ele&e$6ele&e$ )a' (*$,%'u(, !aja $ a(a$ !e'pe'la(u ,e,ua )e$ga$ #a$g )pe'('a(a$ )ala& pe'e$.a$aa$De$ga$ )e&(a$ !,a )"$)a' %e')apa%$#a p'*,e, pe&!*'*,a$ #a$g !a,a$#a %e'ja) )ala& pe'e$.a$aa$ a(!a% a)a$#a !e'!aga (e%)a(pa,%a$e. Da%ti&
S/a% )a' !aja #a$g )apa% &e$gala& )e/*'&a, #a$g !e,a' ) !a8a" pe$ga'u" %ega$ga$ %a'( #a$g %$gg %a$pa "a$.u' a%au pu%u, ),e!u% )a(%l- A)a$#a ,/a% $ &e&!ua% ,%'u(%u' !aja &a&pu &e$.ega" %e'ja)$#a p'*,e, '*!*"$#a !a$gu$a$ ,e.a'a %!a6%!a0 S/a% $ ,a$ga% &e$gu$%u$g(a$ )%$jau )a' a,pe( (ea&a$a$ pe$g"u$ !a$gu$a$ !la %e'ja) ,ua%u g*$.a$ga$ #a$g %!a6%!a ,epe'% &,al$#a pa)a pe',%8a ge&pa !u&-
0- Kele Kele&a &a"a "a$ $ Baja Baja a- Be'ge%a' !- Mu)a" !e'(a'a%
'. K(mp("i"i K(mp("i"i Baja 2- Ka'!*$
Pe$$g(a%a$ pe',e$%a,e (a'!*$ a(a$ &e$$g(a%(a$ (e(e'a,a$$#a $a&u$ &e$gu'a$g (e(e$#ala$$#a+ ,e"$gga le!" ,ul% )la,Baja Ka'!*$ )!ag &e$ja) e&pa% (a%eg*' !e')a,a'(a$ pe',e$%a,e (a'!*$$#a ; •
Baja (a'!*$ 'e$)a" 9(u'a$g )a' 1+2<:
•
Baja (a'!*$ lu$a( 91+2<60=<:
•
Baja (a'!*$ ,e)a$g 91-0=< > 1-?<:
•
Baja (a'!*$ %$gg 91+?< > 2+=<:
0- Bele'a$g Sa&pa 1+2< (a$)u$ga$ !ele'a$g %)a( &e&pe$ga'u" ,/a%6,/a% !aja- J(a le!" )a' 1+2<+ &e$ga(!a%(a$ !aja (u'a$g (ua% )a$ )a(%l%a,$#a !e'(u'a$g-
@- F*,/*' F*,/*' &e$a&!a" ,/a% .a' !aja pa)a ,aa% &elele"- A(a$ %e%ap+ (ele!"a$ /*,/*' &e$gu'a$g (e(ua%a$+ )a(%l%a,+ &aupu$ (e%a"a$a$ %e'"a)ap !e$%u'a$-
- Sl(*$ Sa&pa 1+0< ,l(*$ %)a( &e&pe$ga'u" ,/a%6,/a% !aja- J(a le!" )a' 1+0<+ !aja a(a$ !e'%a&!a" (ua% )a$ ela,%,-
=- Ma$ga$ Ma$ga$ a(a$ ,e)(% &e$a((a$ (e(ua%a$ !aja- Te%ap+ j(a le!" )a' 2+=< !aja a(a$ &e$ja) ge%a,-
D. )acam )acam - )acam Baja Baja 2- Baja Baja Tul Tula$ a$ga ga$ $ Be%*$ Be%*$ Baja %ula$ga$ !e%*$ a)ala" !aja #a$g !e'!e$%u( !a%a$g+ #,$g )gu$a(a$ u$%u( pe$ula$ga$ !e%*$Be')a,a'(a$ !e$%u($#a+ !aja %ula$ga$ %e')' )a' !aja %ula$ga$ p*l*, )a$ !aja %ula$ga$ ,'p 9)e/*'&:a- Baja Baja Tula$ ula$ga ga$ $ P*l* P*l*,, Baja %ula$ga$ p*l*, a)ala" !a%a$g !aja #a$g pe'&u(aa$$#a l.$ 9'a%a: !- Baja Tula$ga$ S'p 9De/*'&: 9De/*'&:
Baja %ula$ga$ ,'p 9)e/*'&: a)ala" !a%a$g !aja )e$ga$ !e$%u( pe'&u(aa$ ("u,u, u$%u( &e$)apa%(a$ pele(a%a$ 9!*$)$g: pa)a !e%*$ #a$g le!" !a( )a'pa)a !aja %ula$ga$ p*l*, pa)a lua, pe$a&pa$g #a$g ,a&a-
0- Baja Baja P'*/ P'*/l l Baja p'*/l a)ala" !aja #a$g !a,a )gu$a(a$ u$%u( !al*(+ (*l*&+ )a$ ,%'u(%u' '$ga$ la$$#a-
W)e W)e Fla$ge 9 WF :
Baja W)e W)e Fla$g a%au (e!a$#a(a$ ( e!a$#a(a$ *'a$g !aja WF a%au !aja H6!ea& $ !a,a )gu$a(a$ u$%u( &e&!ua% ,e!ua" (*l*& + !al*( + %a$g pa$.a$g + %*p !*%%*& ."*') &e&!e' pa)a %'u,, + .*&p*,%e !ea& a%au .*l*u& + (a$% l7e'(a$*p + )a$ &a," !a$#a( lag (egu$aa$ $#aA)a pu$ ,%la" la$ )ala& &e$#e!u%(a$ !aja ! aja W)e W)e Fla$ge 9WF:; IWF+ WF+ H6Bea&+ UB+ UC+ !al*( H+ !al*( I+ !al*( WA)a pu$ u(u'a$ )a' !aja WF !,a ) la% )ala& %a!el ) !a8a" $
U C"a$$el 9 Ka$al U + UNP :
Baja C"a$$el a%au UNP $ pu$#a (egu$aa$ #a$g "a&p' ,a&a )e$ga$ !aja WF + (e.ual u$%u( (*l*& ja'a$g !aja UNP $ ja'a$g )gu$a(a$ (a'e$a ,%'u(%u' $#a #a$g &u)a" &e$gala& %e(u(a$ ),e%ap ,, $#a !u(a$ "a$#a !aja WF #a$g &e&pu$#a ,%la" la$ !aja UNP jug pu$#a ,%la" la$ $ la" ,%la" la$ !aja UNP; Ka$al U+ U6."a$$el+ P'*/l U A)a pu$ U(u'a$ !aja UNP ,epe'% )ala& %a!el )!a8a" $ -
C C"a$$el 9 Ka$al C+ CNP :
Baja ."a$$el C 9CNP: Ba,a )gu$a(a$ u$%u( ; pu'l$ 9!al*( )u)u(a$ pe$u%up a%ap:+ g'%, 9ele&e$ #a$g &e&ega$g pe$u%up )$)$g &,al$#a &e%al ,"ee%+ )ll:+ &e&!e' pa)a %'u,,+ 'a$g(a (*&p*$e$ a',%e(%u'alI,%la" la$ ; !al*( pu'l$+ (a$al C+ C6."a$$e l+ p'*/l C A)a pu$ u(u'a$ !aja CNP !,a (%a l"a% pa)a %a!el )!a8a" $ -
RHS 9Re.%a$gula' H*ll*8 Se.%*$: > .*l) /*'&e) /*'&e) 9 H*ll*8 H*ll*8 Pe',eg :
Baja je$, $ !a,a )gu$a(a$ u$%u( (*&p*$e$ 'a$g(a a',%e(%u'al 9.el$g+ pa'%, gp,u&+ )ll:+ 'a$g(a )a$ ,upp*'% *'$a&e$6*'$a&e$ $*$ ,%'u(%u'ala)a pu$ ,%la" la$ ; !e, "*ll*8 9,%la" pa,a':+ p'*/l pe',eg+ p'*/l U(u'a$ !aja je$, $ !,a (%a l"a% pa)a %a!el )!a8a" $-
=- SHS 9Sua'e H*ll*8 Se.%*$: > .*l) /*'&e) 9 H*ll*8 K*%a( :
Baja $ (egu$aa$ )a$ ,%la" la$ "a&p' ,a&a )e$ga$ RHSA)a pu$ u(u'a$$#a )apa% ) l"a% pa)a %a!el ) !a8a" $ -
3- S%eel Ppe 9 Ppa Baja+ Ppa H%a&+ Ppa Gal7a$,+ Ppa Sea&le,,+ Ppa Wel)e) :
Pe$ggu$aa$ ; !'a.$g 9"*'*$%al )a$ 7e'%(al:+ ,e.*$)a'# !ea& 9!a,a$#a pa)a 'a$g(a a%ap:+ (*l*& a',%e(%u'al+ ,upp*'% (*&p*$e$ a',%e(%u'al 9!a,a$#a e(,p*,e)+ (a'e$a !e$%u($#a #a$g ,l$)e' &e&pu$#a $la a'%,%(: I,%la" la$ ; ,%eel %u!e+ ppa "%a&+ ppa gal7a$,
E. P$("e" P$("e" Pembe!tu Pembe!tu%a! %a! Baja 2- D'a8$g Ca'a $ )pa(a pa)a pa!'( (a8a% )a$ !a%a$g !aja !ula%- Baja )&a,u((a$ &elalu lu!a$g a%au ala% la$ )a$ )%a'( ,e"$gga !e'!e$%u( (a8a%-
0- F*'g$g Baja )pa$a,(a$ "$gga %e&pe'a%u' %e'%e$%u- Baja pa$a, %a) lalu )le%a((a$ ) a%a, ala, )a$ )%e&pa )e$ga$ palu !e(al6(alP'*,e, $ &e&pe'!a( u(u'a$ !u%' !aja )a$ juga &e&a&pa%(a$$#a ,e"$gga !e'a% je$,$#a !e'%a&!a"-
@- P'e, 'e,,$g
Ca'a $ )(e'ja(a$ )e$ga$ ala% p'e,,- Baja #a$g a(a$ )!e$%u( )le%a((a$ ) )ala& .e%a(a$+ (e&u)a$ ,e.a'a pe'la"a$6la"a$ )%e(a$ ,a&pa !aja %u &e$g, pe$u" .e%a(a$+ ,e"$gga &e&!e$%u( ,epe'% #a$g )$g$(a$-
- R*ll$g Pa)a .a'a $ )pa(a ala% '*l ("u,u,- Baja #a$g a(a$ )!e$%u( )pja'(a$+ (e&u)a$ )pa(,a(a$ &a,u( (e )ala& !e!e'apa '*l 9'*)a gla,: #a$g &e&pu$#a u(u'a$ lu!a$g !e'%u'u%6%u'u% )a' #a$g !e,a' "$gga #a$g (e.l+ ,a&pa %e'!e$%u( u(u'a$ !a%a$g !aja #a$g )$g$(a$-
=- E% E%'u, 'u,* *$ Baja #a$g %ela" )pa$a,(a$ )%e(a$ )e$ga$ %e(a$a$ #a$g ,a$ga% !e,a' aga' &ele8a% ,ua%u lu!a$g-
F. )e&i!du!#i Baja da$i K($("i Sala" ,a%u (ele&a"a$ !aja a)ala" &u)a" (*'*, 9!e'(a'a%:- U$%u( &e$.ega" a%au &e&pe'la&!a% %e'ja)$#a (a'a%+ !e!e'apa .a'a $ ,e'$g )la(u(a$=
2- Ta'' ''$g Pe'&u(aa$ !aja )lap, )e$ga$ ga, !a%u !a'a #a$g )p'*,e, )e$ga$ %e&pe'a%u' pa$a, )a$ )e$ga$ !a$%ua$ ,(a%- Ga, !a%u !a'a $ ,e)(% &e'e,ap ) pe'&u(aa$ !aja-
0- Ele. Ele.%'* %'*pl pla% a%$ $g g Pe'&u(aa$ !aja )lap, )e$ga$ pe'a(+ .*ppe'+ $(el+ )a$ ,e!aga$#a+ )e$ga$ p'*,e, #a$g ),e!u% ele(%'*l,,-
@- Gal7 Gal7a$ a$ $ $g g Baja #a$g pe&u(aa$$#a %ela" )!e',"(a$+ )'e$)a& )ala& .a'a$ ,e$g+ ,e"$gga pe'&u(aa$ !aja %e'lap, ,e$g- Lap,a$ ,e$g a(a$ &el$)u$g !aja )a' (a'a%-
- Me%a Me%all Sp'a Sp'a# #$g $g Pe'&u(aa$ !aja ),e&p'*% )e$ga$ ga,.a'a$ ,e$g+ alu&$u&+ a%au %&a"- Lap,a$ $ ,a$ga% !agu, )ala& &e$.ega" !aja )a' (a'a%-
=- Dla Dlap p, , Ca% Ca% Pe'&u(aa$ !aja )lap, .a%- Pe$ge.a%a$ )apa% )la(u(a$ )e$ga$ ,(a%(ua, a%au ),e&p'*%(a$-
3- D&a,u D&a,u((a ((a$ $ (e )ala& )ala& Be%* Be%*$ $ Ba%a$g !aja )%u%up )e$ga$ !e%*$+ ,e"$gga %)a( !e'(a'a%- De$ga$ )a,a' $ pula &e$gapa %ula$ga$ !e%*$ %)a( !e'(a'a% (a'e$a !e'a)a ) )ala& !e%*$ 9!e%*$ !e'%ula$g:- Te!al lap,a$ !e%*$ ) lua' !aja %)a( !*le" %e'lalu %p,-
*.KLASIFIKASI *.KLASIFIKASI BA+A KLASIFIKASI BAJA PADUAN 2- Be')a,a'(a$ pe',e$%a,e pa)ua$$#a a- Baja pa)ua$ 'e$)a" Bla ju&la" u$,u' %a&!a"a$ ,ela$ (a'!*$ le!" (e.l )a' < 9&e$u'u% Dega'&*- Su&!e' la$+ &,al$#a S&%" )a$ Ha,"e& &e$#e!u%(a$ <:+ &,al$#a ; ,ua%u !aja %e')' a%a, 2+@=
S&%" )a$ Ha,"e&:+ &,al$#a ; !aja HSS 9Hg" Spee) S%eel: a%au SKH =@ 9JIS: a%au M@62 9AISI: &e&pu$#a (a$)u$ga$ u$,u' ; 2+0=
21 < .- Hg" all*# ,%eel 9!aja pa)ua$ %$gg:+ j(a ele&e$ pa)ua$$#a 21 <
0- Be')a,a'(a$ ju&la" (*&p*$e$$#a; a- Baja %ga (*&p*$e$ Te')' ,a%u u$,u' pe&a)u )ala& pe$a&!a"a$ Fe )a$ C !- Baja e&pa% (*&p*$e$ a%au le!" Te')' )ua u$,u' a%au le!" pe&a)u )ala& pe$a&!a"a$ Fe )a$ C- Se!aga .*$%*" !aja pa)ua$ #a$g %e')'; 1+@=< C+ 2< C'+@< N )a$ 2< M*-
@- Be')a,a'(a$ ,%'u(%u'$#a; a- Baja pea'l% 9,*'!% )a$ %'**,%%: U$,u'6u$,u' pa)ua$ 'ela%/ (e.l &a&u& =< Baja $ &a&pu )&e,$+ ,/a% &e(a$($#a &e$$g(a% *le" "ea% %'ea%&e$% 9"a')e$$g %e&pe'$g: !- Baja &a'%e$,% U$,u' pe&a)u$#a le!" )a' = <+ ,a$ga% (e'a, )a$ ,u(a' )&e,$ .- Baja au,%e$% Te')' Te')' )a' 21 > @1< u$,u' pe&a)u %e'%e$%u 9N+ M$ a%au CO: M,al$#a ; Baja %a"a$ (a 'a% 9S%a$le,, ,%eel:+ $*$&ag$e%. )a$ !aja %a"a$ pa$a, 9"ea% 'e,,%a$% ,%eel:)- Baja /e''% Te')' Te')' )a' ,eju&la" !e,a' u$,u' u$ ,u' pe&a)u 9C'+ W a%au S: %e%ap (a'!*$$#a 'e$)a"- T)a( )apa% )(e'a,(a$e- Ka'!) a%au le)e!u'% Te')' Te')' ,eju&la" (a'!*$ )a$ u$,u'6u$,u' pe&!e$%u( (a'!) 9C'+ W+ W+ M$+ T+ ':-
- Be')a,a'(a$ pe$ggu$aa$ )a$ ,/a%6,/a%$#a a- Baja (*$,%'u(, 9,%'u.%u'al ,%eel: D!e)a(a$ lag &e$ja) %ga g*l*$ga$ %e'ga$%u$g pe',e$%a,e u$,u' pe&a)u$#a+ #a%u !aja pa)ua$ 'e$)a" 9&a(,&u& 0 <:+ !aja pa)ua$ &e$e$ga" 906 = <:+ !aja pa)ua$ %$gg 9le!" )a' = <:- Se,u)a" )6"ea% %'ea%&e$% !aja je$, $ ,/a%6,/a% &e(a$($#a le!" !a( )a' pa)a !aja (a'!*$ !a,a !- Baja pe'(a(a, 9%**l ,%eel: Dpa(a u$%u( ala%6ala% p*%*$g+ (*&p*,,$#a %e'ga$%u$g !a"a$ )a$ %e!al !e$)a #a$g )p*%*$g),a#a%+(e.epa%a$ p*%*$g+ ,u"u (e'ja- Baja pa)ua$ je$, $ )!e)a(a$ lag &e$ja) )ua g*l*$ga$+ #a%u !aja pe'(a(a, pa)ua$ 'e$)a" 9(e(e'a,a$$#a %a( !e'u!a" "$gga pa)a ,u"u 0=1 C: )a$ !aja pe'(a(a, pa)ua$ %$gg 9(e(e'a,a$$#a %a( !e'u!a" "$gga pa)a ,u"u 311C:- Ba,a$#a %e')' )a' 1+< C+ 2< W+ < C'+ )a$ 2< V+ a%au %e')' )a' 1+< C+ W+ < C' )a$ 060+=< V-
.- Baja )e$ga$ ,/a% /,( ("u,u, D!e)a(a$ lag &e$ja) %ga g*l*$ga$+ #a%u !aja %a"a$ (a'a% 9&e$ga$)u$g 1+261+=< C )a$ 2062< C':+ !aja %a"a$ pa$a, 9#a$g &e$ga$)u$g 2062< C' %a"a$ "$gga ,u"u ?=1611*C+ ,e&e$%a'a #a$g &e$ga$)u$g 2=62?< C' %a"a$ "$gga ,u"u =162111*C:+ )a$ !aja %a"a$ pa(a pa)a ,u"u %$gg 9a)a #a$g %e')' )a' 0@60?< C'+ 2602< N+ 06@< S+ a)a #a$g #a$g %e')' )a' 2@62=< C'+ 2@62=< N+ #a$g la$$#a %e')' )a' ) a' 060+?< W+ 1+0=61+< M*+ 1+6 1+=< C:-
)- Baja pa)ua$ ,%&e8a Baja pa)ua$ ,%&e8a la$$#a %e')' @=6< N )a$ 1+@=< C+&e&l( (*e/,e$ &ua #a$g 'e$)a" #a%u ; Q I$7a' ; &e&l( (*e/,e$ &ua ,a&a )e$ga$ $*l pa)a ,u"u 1 > 211 C+ )gu$a(a$ u$%u( ala% u(u' p'e,,-
Q Pla%$%e ; &e&l( (*e/,e$ &ua ,epe'% gla,,+ ,e!aga pe$gga$% pla%$aQ El$7a' ; &e&l( &*)ulu, ela,%,%e% %a( !e'u!a" pa)a ,u"u =1C ,a&pa 211CDgu$a(a$ u$%u( pega, a'l*j )a$ !e'!aga ala% u(u' /,(a-
e- Baja Pa)ua$ )e$ga$ S/a% K"u,u, Q Baja Ta"a$ Ka'a% 9S%a$le,, S%eel: S/a%$#a a$%a'a la$; > Me&l( )a#a %a"a$ #a$g !a( %e'"a)ap pa$a,+ (a'a% )a$ g*'e,a$ge,e(a$ > Ta"a$ Ta"a$ %e&pe'a%u'e 'e$)a" &aupu$ %$gg > Me&l( (e(ua%a$ !e,a' )e$ga$ &a,,a #a$g (e.l > Ke'a,+ la%+ )e$,%a,$#a !e,a' )a$ pe'&u(aa$$#a %a"a$ au, > Ta"a$ Ta"a$ %e'"a)ap *(,)a, > Kua% )a$ )apa% )%e&pa > Mu)a" )!e',"(a$ > Me$g(la% )a$ %a&pa( &e$a'( Q Hg" S%'e$g%" L*8 All*# S%eel 9HSLA: S/a% )a' HSLA a)ala" &e&l( %e$,le ,%'e$g%" #a$g %$gg+ a$% !*.*'+ %a"a$ %e'"a)ap a!'a,+ &u)a" )!e$%u(+ %a"a$ %e'"a)ap (*'*,+ ule%+ ,/a% &a&pu &e,$ #a$g !a( )a$ ,/a% &a&pu la, #a$g %$gg 98el)a!l%#:- U$%u( &e$)apa%(a$ ,/a%6,/a% ) a%a, &a(a !aja $ )p'*,e, ,e.a'a ("u,u, )e$ga$ &e$a&!a"(a$ u$,u'6u$,u' ,epe'%; %e&!aga 9Cu:+ $(el 9N:+ C"'*&u& 9C':+ M*l#!)e$u& 9M*:+ Va$a)u& 9Va: 9Va: )a$ C*lu&!u&Q Baja Pe'(a(a, 9T**l 9T**l S%eel: S/a%6,/a% #a$g "a'u, )&l( *le" !aja pe'(a(a, a)ala" %a"a$ pa(a+ %aja& a%au &u)a" )a,a"+ %a"a$ pa$a,+ (ua% )a$ ule%- Kel*&p*( )a' %**l ,%eel !e')a,a'(a$ u$,u' pa)ua$ )a$ p'*,e, pe$ge'jaa$ pa$a, #a$g )!e'(a$ a$%a'a la$; > La%e' "a')e$$g a%au .a'!*$ %**l ,%eel 9)%a$)a )e$ga$ %pe W *le" AISI:+ AISI:+ S"*.( 'e,,%$g 9Tpe S:+ &e&l( ,/a% (ua% )a$ ule% )a$ %a"a$ %e'"a)ap !e!a$ (eju% )a$ 'epea% l*a)$gBa$#a( )pa(a u$%u( pa"a%+ palu )a$ p,au > C**l 8*'( %**l ,%eel+ )pe'*le" )e$ga$ p'*,e, "a')e$$g )e$ga$ pe$)$g$a$ #a$g !e'!e)a6!e)a- Tpe O )jela,(a$ )e$ga$ &e$)$g$(a$ pa)a &$#a( ,e)a$g(a$ %pe A )a$ D ))$g$(a$ ) u)a'a-
> H*% W*'( W*'( S%eel 9%pe H:+ &ula6&ula )pa$a,(a$ "$gga 9@11 > =11: C )a$ ))$g$(a$ pe'la"a$6la"a$+ (a'e$a !aja $ !a$#a( &e$ga$)u$g %u$g,%e$ )a$ &*l#!)e$u& ,e"$gga ,/a%$#a (e'a, > Hg" ,pee) ,%eel 9%pe T )a$ M:+ &e'upa(a$ "a,l pa)ua$ !aja )e$ga$ %u$g,%e$ )a$ &*l#!)e$u& %a$pa )lu$a((a$- De$ga$ ,/a%$#a #a$g %)a( &u)a" %u&pul )a$ %a"a$ pa$a, %e%ap %)a( %a"a$ (eju% > Ca&pu'a$ .a'!*$6%u$g,%e$ 9%pe F:+ ,/a%$#a a)ala" (e'a, %ap %)a( %a"a$ au, )a$ %)a( .*.*( u$%u( !e!a$ )$a&, ,e'%a u$%u( pe&a(aa$ pa)a %e&pe'a%u' %$gg-
=- Kla,/(a, la$ a$%a'a la$ ; a- Me$u'u% pe$ggu$aa$$#a; Q Baja (*$,%'u(, 9,%'u.%u'al ,%eel:+ &e$ga$)u$g (a'!*$ (u'a$g )a' 1+? < CQ Baja pe'(a(a, 9%**l ,%eel:+ &e$ga$)u$g (a'!*$ le!" )a' 1+? < C !- Baja )e$ga$ ,/a% /,( )a$ (&a ("u,u,; Q Baja %a"a$ ga'a& 9a.)6'e,,%$g ,%eel: Q Baja %a"a$ pa$a, 9"ea% 'e,,%a$% ,%eel: Q Baja %a$pa ,,( 9$*$ ,.al$g ,%eel: Q Ele.%'. ,%eel Q Mag$e%. ,%eel Q N*$ &ag$e%. ,%eel Q Baja %a"a$ pa(a 98ea' 'e,,%$g ,%eel: Q Baja %a"a$ (a'a%(*'*, .- De$ga$ &e$g(*&!$a,(a$ )ua (la,/(a, !aja &e$u'u% (egu$aa$ )a$ (*&p*,, (&a &a(a )pe'*le" l&a (el*&p*( !aja #a%u; Q Baja (a'!*$ (*$,%'u(, 9.a'!*$ ,%'u.%u'al ,%eel: Q Baja (a'!*$ pe'(a(a, 9.a'!*$ %**l ,%eel: Q Baja pa)ua$ (*$,%'u(, ( *$,%'u(, 9All*#e) ,%'u.%u'al ,%eel: Q Baja pa)ua$ pe'(a(a, 9All*#e) %**l ,%eel: Q Baja (*$,%'u(, pa)ua$ %$gg 9Hg"l# all*# ,%'u.%u'al ,%eel: )- Sela$ %u !aja juga )(la,/,(a$ &e$u'u% (ual%a,; Q Baja (ual%a, !a,a
Q Baja (ual%a, !a( Q Baja (ual%a, %$gg
B- SIFAT6SIFAT TEKNIS BAHAN a: S/a% Me(a$, Baja Pa)ua$ Baja pa)ua$ &e'upa(a$ .a&pu'a$ )a' !aja )a$ !e!e'apa je$, l*ga& la$$#a )e$ga$ %ujua$ u$%u( &e&pe'!a( ,/a% !aja (a'*$ #a$g 'ela%/ &u)a" !e'(a'a% )a$ ge%a, !la (a)a' (a'!*$$#a %$gg- Sela$ %u+ pe$a&!a"a$ u$,u' pa)ua$ juga !e'%ujua$ u$%u( &e&pe'!a( ,/a% &e(a$( )a$%a'a$#a;
Q Ke(ua%a$ Ke(ua%a$ &e'upa(a$ (e&a&pua$ ,ua%u !a"a$ u$%u( &e$a"a$ pe'u!a"a$ !e$%u( ) !a8a" %e(a$a$- Pe$a&!a"a$ l*ga& l*ga & 9N+ C'+ M*l!)e$u&: )e$ga$ (*&p*,, ,e,ua a(a$ &e$a&!a" (e(ua%a$ !aja+ ,e!a! N )a$ C' #a$g )%a&!a"(a$ a(a$ &a,u( (e ,u,u$a$ a%*& )a$ &e$gga$%(a$ !e'apa a%*& C- Pe$a&!a"a$ %e',e!u% )apa% &e$$g(a%(a$ (e(ua%a$ ,a&pa l&a (al lpa%Q Ela,,%a, Ela,%,%a, a)ala" (e&a&pua$ ,ua%u !a"a$ u$u( (e&!al (e !e$%u( ,e&ula ,e%ela" pe&!e!a$a$ )%a)a(a$ a%au )lepa,- M*)ulu, ela,%,%a, &e'upa(a$ $)(a%*' )a' ,/a% ela,%,- A)a$#a pe$a&!a"a$ l*ga& pa)a !aja a(a$ &e$$g(a%(a$ (e&a&pua$ ela,%,%a,$#a )e$ga$ $la &*)ulu, ela,%,%a, #a$g le!" !e,a' )a' ,e!elu&$#a- Be'(u% !e!e'apa l*ga& )a$ $la &*)ulu, ela,%,%a,$#a j(a )%a&!a"(a$ pa)a !aja; Q Ba%a, &ulu' 9Pla,%,%a,: Pla,%,%a, a)ala" (e&a&pua$ ,ua%u !a"a$ u$%u(!e'u!a" !e$%u( ,e.a'a pe'&a$e$ ,e%ela" )!e' !e!a$- L*ga& #a$g )%a&!a"(a$ !e'upa $(el+ 7a$a)u&+ %%a$u&+ %u$g,%e$+ ."'*&e ),! a(a$ &e$$g(a%(a$ $la $ la !a%a, &ulu'- Hal %e',e!u% ),e!a!(a$ )e$ga$ pe$a&!a"a$ l*ga& #a$g &e&l( !a%a, &ulu' %$gg a(a$ &e$g"a,l(a$ !aja pa)ua$ #a$g !a%a,
&ulu'$#a %$gg pulaQ Ke(ua%a$ Ta'( Ke(ua%a$ %a'( a)ala" (e&a&pua$ ,ua%u &a%e'al u$%u( &e$a"a$ %a'(a$ )ua ga#a #a$g ,al$g !e'la8a$a$ a'a" )a$ ,ega',- L*ga& N )a$ C' &e'upa(a$ !a"a$ #a$g !a,a )%a&!a"a$(a$ u$%u( &e$$g(a%(a$ (e&a&pua$ &e$a"a$ %a'a(a$+ ,ela$ ,e!aga pe$a&!a" (e(u%a$ %e(a$-
Q Keule%a$ Keule%a$ a)ala" (e&a&pua$ ,ua%u &a%e'al u$%u( )'ega$g a%au )%e(u( ,e.a'a pe'&a$e$% %a$pa &e$ga(!a%(a$ pe.a" a%au pa%a"- Baja )e$ga$ (a$)u$ga$ (a'!*$ 'e$)a" &e&l( (eule%a$ #a$g %$gg+ ,e"$gga )e$ga$ pa)ua$ l*ga& la$ (a)a' (a'!*$$#a a(a$ %u'u$- Sela$ %u+ (a$)u$ga$ /*,/*' pa)a !aja pa)ua$ #a$g 'e$)a" a(a$ &e$$g(a%(a$ (eule%a$$#aQ Ta"a$ au, Ta"a$ au, &e'upa(a$- Pa)ua$ l*ga& #a$g )gu$a(a$ u$%u( &e$$g(a%(a$ (e&a&pua$ %a"a$ au, )a$%a'a$#a $(el+ ."'*&+ )a$ 7a$a)u&-
E/e( u%a&a ele&e$ pa)ua$ u%a&a u$%u( !aja
Ele&e$ Pe',e$%a,e Fu$g, u%a&a Alu&$u& 1-=>2- Pa)ua$ u$,u' )ala& $%')$g !aja
B,&u% 6 66 Me$$g(a%(a$ &e,$ B*'*$ 1-112>1-11@ P*8e'/ull age$ (e&a&pu(e'a,a$ K'*&u& 1-=>0 Na( (e&a&pu(e'a,a$ >2 Ta"a$ K*'*, Te&!aga
1-2>1- Ta"a$ K*'*,
M*l#!)e$u& 1-0>= S%a!l (a'!)a &e$g"a&!a% pe'%u&!u"a$ !u%' N(el 0>= T*ug"e$e' T*ug"e$e' 20>01 Ta"a$ %e'"a)ap K*'*, Sl.*$ 1-0>1-? Me$$g(a%(a$ (e(ua%a$ 0 Sp'$g Baja Pe',e$%a,e %$gg Me&pe'!a( ,/a%6,/a% &ag$e%( Bele'a$g 1-1>1-2= &e,$ !e!a, p'*pe'% T%a$u& 6 Pe'!a(a$ (a'!*$ )ala& pa'%(el $e'% &e$gu'a$g (e(e'a,a$ ) ('*& &a'%e$,% !aja Tu$g,%e$ 6 Ke(e'a,a$ pa)a %e&pe'a%u' %$gg Va$a)u& 1-2= S%a!l (a'!)a &e$$g(a%(a$ (e(ua%a$ ,e&e$%a'a %e%ap &e&pe'%a"a$(a$ (eule%a$ &e&p'*&*,(a$ ,%'u(%u' !u%' "alu,
Ga&!a' Ku'7a Tega$ga$ )a$ Rega$ga$ 9!aja pa)ua$ AISI -21:
!: S/a% Pe$ga'u" L$g(u$ga$ K*'*, &e'upa(a$ p'*,e, ele(%'*(&a #a$g %e'ja) pa)a l*ga & )a$ %)a( )apa% )"$)a' (a'e$a &e'upa(a$ ,ua%u p'*,e, ala&a"- Be'!aga /a(%*' #a$g )apa% &e$#e!a!(a$ %e'ja)$#a (*'*,+ #a%u; ,/a% l*ga&+ #a$g &elpu% pe'!e)aa$ p*%e$,al+ (e%)a(&u'$a$+ u$,u' pa)ua$+
pe'la(ua$ pa$a, #a$g )ala&+ )a$ %ega$ga$+ ,e'%a /a(%*' l$g(u$ga$ #a$g &elpu% u)a'a+ %e&pe'a%u'+ &('**'ga$,&e- Baja pa)ua$ a(a$ &e&l( (e%a"a$a$ %e'"a)ap (*'*, j(a ).a&pu' )e$ga$ Te&!aga #a$g !e'(,a' 1+=62+=< %e&!aga pa)a +=6+= < Fe+ )e$ga$ C"'*&u&+ a%au ).a&pu' )e$ga$ N(el-
Baja Pa)ua$ %a"a$ %e'"a)ap pe'u!a"a$ ,u"u+ $ !e'a'% ,/a% /,,$#a %)a( !a$#a( !e'u!a"Q Pe$a&!a"a$ M*l!)e$u& a(a$ &e&pe'!a( !aja &e$ja) %a"a$ %e'"a)ap ,u"u %$gg+la% )a$ (ua% Q Pe$a&!a"a$ W*l/'a& W*l/'a& )a$ pe$a&!a"a$ K*!al% K*! al% juga &e&!e'(a$ pe$ga'u" #a$g ,a&a ,epe'% pa)a pe$a&!a"a$ M*l!)e$u& #a%u &e&!ua% !aja pa)ua$ %a"a$ %e'"a)ap ,u"u %$gg
H.PEN*APLIKASIAN BA+A Pe$ggu$aa$ !aja pa)ua$ !a$#a( ,e(al pa)a !)a$g %e($( pe'%a$a$ a%au %e($( &e,$ (a'e$a !aja pa)ua$ &e&l( (ele!"a$ #a$g !e'!e)a ,e,ua )e$ga$ .a&pu'a$ je$, l*ga& #a$g )gu$a(a$Pe$ggu$aa$ !aja pa)ua$ pa)a !)a$g %e($(a a)ala" &e,$ pe$g"a$.u' pla,%(- Pa)a &e,$ $ pe$ggu$aa$ !aja pa)ua$ !e'a)a pa)a !aga$ p,au #a$g &e&!ua% p,au %e',e!u% &u)a" ) a,a" )a$ &u)a" )ga$% j(a ,u)a" au,+ (a%up .*'a$+ (a8a% #a$g %e'!ua% )a' !aja (a'!*$+ 'a$g(a &e,$ pe'*$%*( pa)+ gea' pa)a &e,$ &ll$g+ ala% %ap+ ppa+ )a$ &a," !a$#a( lag ala% a%au &e,$ #a$g &e$ggu$a(a$ !aja (a'!*$-
I.KEKURAN*AN DAN KELEBIHAN PADA BA+A
Kele!"a$ Baja •
Kua% %a'( %$gg-
•
T)a( )&a(a$ 'a#ap
•
Ha&p' %)a( &e&l( pe'!e)aa$ $la &ua )a$ ,u,u%
•
B,a ) )au' ula$g
•
D!a$)$g S%a$le,, S%eel le!" &u'a"
•
D!a$)$g !e%*$ le!" le$%u' )a$ le!" '$ga$
•
D!a$)$g alu&u$u& le!" (ua% Ke(u'a$ga$ Baja ;
•
B,a !e'(a'a%-
•
Le&a" %e'"a)ap ga#a %e(a$-
•
T)a( /le(,!el ,epe'% (a#u #a$g )apa% )p*%*$g )a$ )!e$%u( !e'!aga p'*/le
•
T)a( (*(*"
PENUTUP Te'&a Te'&a (a," (epa)a Alla" SWT #a$g %ela" &e&!e'(a$ 'a"&a% )a$ (a'u$aN#a- Ta( lupa juga (a& u.ap(a$ %e'&a (a," (epa)a *'a$g %ua #a$g %ela" &e&!e'(a$ )u(u$ga$Te'&a Te'&a (a," juga (epa)a Bp(Bp( - Pu'8a$%* J*(* Sla&e%* ,ela(u )*,e$ #a$g %ela" &e&!e'(a$ !&!$ga$- Da$ juga %e'&a (a," (epa)a %e&a$6%e&a$ %ela" !e(e'ja,a&a )e$ga$ !a(+ ,e"$gga (a& !a, &e$#ele,a(a$ &a(ala" $Ha'apa$ (a&+ ,e&*ga &a(ala" $ )apa% !e'gu$a !ag (%a ,e&ua- A&$-
H*'&a% Ka&
Pe$#u,u$
7
DAFTAR PUSTAKA Tj*('*)&ulj*+ Ka')#*$*- 2- Buku 2- Buku Ajar Petunjuk Praktikum Bahan Bangunan. *g#a(a'%a Bangunan. *g#a(a'%a ; U$7e',%a, Gaja" Ma)a "%%p;!*$ge-8*')p'e,,-.*&01211=2,/a%6!aja "%%p;888-.'a#*$pe)a-*'g&8TEKNIKSTRUKTURBANGUNANDENGANKONSTRU KSIBAJA "%%p;)-8(pe)a-*'g8(Baja "%%p;*(e-*'-)01131"a')e$$g6pa)a6!aja6(a'!*$6%$gg
7
