qwertyuiopasdfghjkl!"#$ %&qwertyuiopasdfghjkl!" #$%&qwertyuiopasdfghjkl ANTENA DAN PROPAGASI !"#$%&qwertyuiopasdfgh jkl!"#$%&qwertyuiopasdf ghjkl!"#$%&qwertyuiopa sdfghjkl!"#$%&qwertyuio pasdfghjkl!"#$%&qwerty D3 TELEKOMUNIKASI B – 2013
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LIST KELAS 2 D3 TELEKOMUNIKASI B DA'TA$ ISI
2 3
ANTENA DIPOLE
4
ANTENA MONOPOLE
12
ANTENA LOOP
1/
ANTENA ;ELI<
21
ANTENA =UAD$I'ILA$ ;ELI< ANTENA -A>I UDA ANTENA ?$OSS -A>I
2/ 3/ +3
ANTENA KALEN>
+,
ANTENA 9AAN BOLI?
+:
ANTENA LO> PE$IODI?
4/
ANTENA BI?ONI?AL
,,
ANTENA ;O$N BIDAN> ;
/2
ANTENA ;O$N BIDAN> E
//
ANTENA ;O$N P-$AMIDAL
81
ANTENA ;O$N ?ONI?AL
8+
ANTENA $ID>ED ;O$N
88
ANTENA P$IME 'O?US
:4
Page 122
ANTENA ?ASSE>$AIN
100
ANTENA MI?$OST$IP
10/
ANTENA ?OLINIE$
11+
ANTENA ?ELA; DA'TA$ PUSTAKA
11, 11:
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ANTENA DIPO'E
De/%isi
Pa"a Daa*#a A#te#a a"a(a) e!ata#g (6gam a#g !e*u#g me#e*ma geta*a# (t*k "a* t*a#mtte* "a# mema#a*ka##a e!aga ge(6m!a#g *a"6.A#te#a
"apat
!e*u#g
pu(a
e!a(k#a
a(a)
me#ampu#g
ge(6m!a#g *a"6 "a# me#e*uka# ge(6m!a#g (t*k ke *eee*. A#te#a "p6( a"a(a) a#te#a *a"6 a#g "apat "!uat "a* ka!e( e"e*)a#aC "e#ga# pe#g !e*a"a " te#ga) e(eme# "*e#. A#te#a # te*"* "a* "ua !ua) (6gam k6#"ukt6* atau ka!e(C !e*6*e#ta e5a5a* "a# k6(#e* "e#ga# (a#a ega* "e#ga# a#g (a#aC "e#ga# e(a ke( " te#ga)#a. A#te#a "p6(e a"a(a) e!ua) a#te#a a#g "!uat "a* kaat tem!aga "a# "p6t6#g eua uku*a# aga* !e*e6#a# pa"a *ekue# ke*5a a#g "#g#ka#. >a# "a* a#te#a "p6(e a"a(a) 2.1+ "B Tega#ga# *ekue# *a"6 "te*apka# pa"a te#ga)te#ga) " a#ta*a "ua k6#"ukt6*. A#te#a # a"a(a) a#te#a pa(#g e"e*)a#a "a# p*akt "a* u"ut pa#"a#g ea*a te6*t. A#te#a # "gu#aka# e!aga a#te#aC te*utama a#te#a Fte(#ga ke(#FC a#te#a te(e t*a"6#a(C "a# e!aga
e(eme# "*e# pa"a !e*!aga 5e# a#te#aC epe*t pa"a a#te#a -ag. >am!a* 1. ?6#t6) A#te#a Dp6(e Pri%sip (erja
A#te#a "p6(e pa"a "aa*#a !a(a#e. maka e!ak#a "umpa# "a(am e!ua) BALUN ete(a) e!e(um#a g#a( *a"6 me(a(u ka!e( 6aGa( "a*
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t*a#ee*. Mempu#a mpe"a# 40 O)m – /4 O)m e)#gga !a " ee" (a#gu#g "e#ga# ka!e( 6aG atau me(au BALUN . A#te#a "p6(e e(a# !e*e6#a# pa"a u#"ame#ta( *eke##aC a#te#a 5uga aka# !e*e6#a# pa"a ke(pata# ga#5( *ekue##a. 0e%is10e%is A%te%a Dipole • • • • •
A#te#a B6#a( ?(#"*a( A#te##a B6 Te A#te##a '6("e" Dp6(e A#te#a S)6*t Dp6(e A#te##a
Pera%"a%ga% A%te%a Dipole
$umu a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk me#g)tu#g t6ta( pa#5a#g a#te#a "p6(e H 300 J L 0C4 G K G H "ma#a H pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g "u"a*a *ekue# ke*5a a#g "#g#ka# L pa#5a#g t6ta( a#te#a "p6(e K e(6t at6* a#g "am!( e!ea* 0C:4 I%stalasi A%te%a
Dp6(e U#tuk pe*6*ma#e a#g !akC e!ak#a "paa#g '(at T6p pa"a ket#gga# m#mum H. a" u#tuk !a#" 80 mete*C a#te#a "p6(e "paa#g m#mum et#gg 20 m. A*a) pa#a*a# a#te#a "p6(e a"a(a) tegak (u*u pa"a a*a) kaat a#te#a "a# e5a5a* "e#ga# >*6u#" . U#tuk meme#u) )a( te*e!ut a#gat u(t te*utama pa"a Ba#" 1,0 m ka*e#a ket#gga# a#te#a !a me#apa +0 m Ua)aka# memaa#g a#te#a Dp6(e et#gg
mu#gk# ka*e#a u#5uk
ke*5a#a u#tuk D< aka# 5au) (e!) !ak ka*e#a u"ut e(ea#a (e!)
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ke(.Ket#gga# pa"a A#te#a Dp6(e (e!) pe#t#g "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# O*e#ta#a Se*#gka( aga* pa#a*a# kta ukup !ea* "te*ma tau# (aa# !a*aC kta !e*ua)a me#akka# p6e* "e#ga# ta#pa mempe*)atka# akt6* akt6* (a# epe*t a#g te*e!ut " ata. Mema#gC ua)a mepe*!ea* p6e* ea*a tek# me*upaka# ua)a a#g pa(#g mu"a)C aka# tetap )a( # a"a(a) ua)a a#g ku*a#g eekt "a# e#"e*u#g me*upaka# uatu pem!6*6a#. Me#ge#a p*6paga "a# p6 pema#a* a"a akt6* !a#""t) pa#a*a# a#g "apat "kataka# !a)a mak# empt !a#""t)C mak# kuat(a) pa#a*a# kta # a"a !ata#aC me#g#gat akt6* *ea"!(t. Se!ata#g (6gam a#g pa#5a#g#a Lam!"a HC aka# !e*e6#a# "e#ga# !ak !(a a"a
ge(6m!a#g
*a"6
a#g
me#e#tu)
pe*mukaa##a.
a" !(a pa"a u5u#g 6aG !aga# ##e* "am!u#g "e#ga# (6gam epa#5a#g H "a# 6ute*#a " g*6u#"C a aka# me#5a" a#te#a. A#te#a emaam # )a#a mempu#a atu p6(eC "a# "e!ut m6#6p6(e m6#6 a*t#a atu. Apa!(a 6ute* "a* 6aG t"ak "g*6u#" "a# "am!u#g "e#ga# euta (6gam epa#5a#g H (agC maka me#5a" a#te#a "e#ga# "ua p6(e "a# "e!ut "p6(e H " a*t#a "ua. A#te#a "p6(e !a te*"* "a* atu kaat a5a a#g "e!ut #g(e *e "p6(eC atau !a 5uga "e#ga# "ua kaat a#g u5u#gu5u#g#a ")u!u#gka# "a# "#amaka# t6 *e 6("e" "p6(eC !a 5uga te*"* ata 3 kaat a#g u5u#gu5u#g#a "am!u#g Be*!aga
"#amaka#
maam
a*a
t)*ee
u#tuk
*e
memaa#g
6("e" a#te#a
"p6(e. te*ga#tu#g
"a*
te*e"a#a pae a#g "apat "gu#aka# u#tuk memaa#g#a. A#te#a #g(e *e "p6(eC "apat "paa#g )6*%6#ta( aap k* "a# ka#a# e5a5a* "e#ga# ta#a)C "apat pu(a "paa#g "e#ga# k6#gu*a #e*te" epe*t )u*u te*!a(kC "e#ga# k6#gu*a epe*t )u*u C k6#gu*a (a% a(a) !e*e#tuk )u*u a#g t"u*C atau "apat 5uga "e#ga# k6#gu*a (6pe* m*#g. A#te#a "p6(e "apat "paa#g ta#pa me#ggu#aka# !a(u#C aka# tetap !(a ee"e* (#e me#ggu#aka# ka!e( 6aGa( e!ak#a "paa#g !a(u# 11
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ka*e#aC ka!e( 6aGa( tu u#!a(a#e e"a#gka# a#te#a#a !a(a#e aga* "pe*6(e)
p6(a
*a"a
a#g
!ak.
Ka"a#g a#te#a !e(um te#tu eua mpe#"a##a. O(e) ka*e#a#aC )a*u "euaka# mpe#"a#a. ?a*a memat)#gka# a#te#a a#g !ak a(a) "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# a(at k)uuC atu Dp Mete* "a# mpe#"a#e mete*C atau "apat 5uga me#ggu#aka# S9$ a#a(e*. Apa!(a a(at te*e!ut t"ak te*e"aC mat)#g "(akuka# "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# t*a#ee* "a# S9$
mete*.
Pe*tamatama paa#g(a) a#te#a "e#ga# k6#gu*a a#g "ke)e#"ak. Paa#g(a) S9$ mete* "a#ta*a t*a#ee* "e#ga# t*a#m6# (#e 6aGa( a!(e. Se(a#5ut#aC atu* t*a#ee* pa"a p6e* a#g pa(#g *e#"a)C ekta* 410 9att "e#ga# m6"e AM atau ?9. Te#tuka# *ekeue# ke*5a a#g "ke)e#"akC ma(#a 3.840 M;%. ?6!aC t*a#mt am!( me#gamat S9$ mete*C puta*(a) t6m!6( pe#gatu* *ekue# e"emka# e)#gga ""apatka# Sta#"#g 9ae $at6 S9$ a#g pa(#g *e#"a). B(a *ekue# te*e!ut (e!) *e#"a) "a* 3.840 M;%C !e*a*t aapaap "p6(e te*(a(u pa#5a#gC 5a" )a*u "pe*pe#"ek. B(a *ekue# te*(a(u t#gg !e*a*t
aapaap
"p6(e#a
te*(a(u
pe#"ek.
U#tuk mempe*pa#5a#g )a*u(a) "am!u#gC a(aupu# # ku*a#g me#e#a#gka#. a" pem6t6#ga# aa( a#te#a )a*u "(e!) "a* pa#5a#g t)e6*tC "a# pa"a aktu "paa#gC "(pat !a(k e)#gga pa#5a#g#a ama "e#ga# pa#5a#g t)e6*t. B(a *ekue# mat) te*(a(u *e#"a)C pe*pe#"ek
a#te#a
10
?m
pa"a
etap
aap#a.
B(a ma) te*(a(u *e#"a)C maka "pe*pe#"ek (ag. Begtu ete*u#aC e)#gga "pe*6(e) S9$ a#g *e#"a)C atu ku*a#g "a* 11C4. ?a*a meme#"ekka# t"ak "e#ga# "p6t6#gC tetap "(pat !a(k "a# me#umpuk *apat. Lpata# a#g me#uat aka# mem!e#tuk apata#e )ea" "a# mempe#ga*u) S9$. A#te#a "p6(e "apat "6pe*aka# ea*a )a*m6#C ka(au "peke*5aka# pa"a *ekue# ke(pata# ga#5( "a* *ekue# ke*5a a(#a. Ma(#a a#te#a u#tuk /M;% "apat pu(a "gu#aka# u#tuk !eke*5a pa"a 21M;% ke(pata# 3. Te#tu a5a S9$#a aka# (e!) t#gg "a*pa"a !(a "gu#aka#
pa"a
*ekue#
a(#a.
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Pe#empata# a#te#a "a*a#ka# agak 5au) "a* kaat te(ep6# "a# kaat (t*k u#tuk me#g)#"a* tm!u(#a te(ep)6#e #te*e*e#e "a# te(e #te*e*e#e. Be#ta#ga# a#te#a a#g e5a5a* "e#ga# kaat te(ep6# atau kaat (t*k "e#ga# 5a*ak ku*a#g "a* (ma mete*C aka# "apat me#m!u(ka# ga#ggua# pa"a peaat te(ep6#C te(eC "a# pe*a#gkat au"6
(a##a.
Mak# *e#"a) (etak a#te#aC aapaap#a e#"e*u#g mak# pe#"ek. U#tuk tu "a(am peke*5aa# mat)#gC a#te#a "(etakka# pa"a ket#gga# a#g e!e#a*#a. Begtu pu(a "amete* kaat aka# !e*pe#ga*u) te*)a"ap pa#5a#g#a atau mak# !ea* "amete*C mak# pe#"ek a#te#a#aC )a( # "e!a!ka# ka*e#a kapata# a#te#a te*)a"ap !um. Mat)#g a#te#a pa"a aat ta#a) !aa)C ma(#a e)a! tu*u# )u5a#C aap "p6(e me#5a"
(e!)
pe#"ek.
Se(a# tuC "a(am pemaa#ga# a#te#a 5uga pe*(u mempe*)atka# (#gku#ga# a#g mu#gk# me#gga#ggu a#te#a tu e#"*. Ma(#a a"a#a atap "a* !a)a# e#g atau atap *uma) a#g "(ap "e#ga# a(um#um 6(C e#"e*u#g aka# me#u(tka# mat)#g a#te#a. A#te#a Dp6(e e!e#a*#a me*upaka# e!ua) a#te#a a#g "!uat "a* kaat tem!aga "a# "p6t6#g eua uku*a# aga* !e*e6#a# pa"a *eke# ke*5a a#g "#g#ka#. Kaat a#g "paka e!ak#a m#ma( uku*a# A9> Ame*a# 9*e >auge 12 atau "amete* 2 mm. Le!) !ea*
aka#
(e!)
!ak
ea*a
me)a#a(
t*e#gt).
Aga*
"apat
!e*e6#a#C maka pa#5a#g t6ta( e!ua) Dp6(e L a"a(a) 0C4 H G KC "ma#a H a"a(a) pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g "u"a*a "a# K a"a(a) e(6t at6* pa"a kaat tem!aga. U#tuk uku*a# kaat tem!aga a#g *e(at ke( )a#a !e*"amete* !e!e*apa mm 5ka "!a#"#gka# ete#ga) pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#gC maka #(a K "am!( e!ea* 0C:4 "a# ukup mema"a e!aga aa( ta*t. Se)#gga *umu u#tuk me#g)tu#g t6ta( pa#5a#g e!ua) a#te#a Dp6(e a"a(a) !! Dma#a a"a(a) *eke# ke*5a a#g "#g#ka#.
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H a"a(a) pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g "u"a*a L a"a(a) pa#5a#g t6ta( a#te#a Dp6(e K a"a(a) e(6t at6* a#g "am!( e!ea* 0C:4. A#te#a Dp6(e e!e#a*#a !a(a#eC e)#gga e!ak#a "umpa# me(a(u e!ua) BALUN #gkata# "a* BALa#e – UN!a(a#e ete(a) e!e(um#a g#a( *a"6 me(a(u ka!e( coaxial "a* Transceiver. A#te#a Dp6(e e!e#a*#a !a(a#eC e)#gga e!ak#a "umpa# me(a(u e!ua) BALUN #gkata# "a* BALa#e – UN!a(a#e ete(a) e!e(um#a g#a( *a"6 me(a(u ka!e( 6aGa( "a* T*a#ee*. De#ga# memaka BALUNC maka !e!e*apa ke(e!)a##a a"a(a) • • • •
Pe*6*ma#e a#te#a Dp6(e "apat "t#gkatka#. Me#gu*a#g TI I#te*e*e# ke Te(e . Me#gu*a#g u#!a(a#e u**e#t. Me#gu*a#g *a"a a#g t"ak "#g#ka#.
9a(aupu# a#te#a Dp6(e te*mauk !a(a#eC 5ka "paa#g ta#pa BALUN pu#C a#te#a Dp6(e t! ma) !a !eke*5a ukup !ak. A#te#a Dp6(e mempu#a ga# 0 "B. Me#ge#a ga# a#te##aC pe#u( aka# me#6!a me#5e(aka##a "(a# keempata#. Kem!a( ke *umu "ataC maka pa#5a#g a#te#a Dp6(e u#tuk !e*maammaam Ba#" '*eke# a"a(a) !!
A#"a !a me#euaka# Pa#5a#g T6ta( a#te#a Dp6(e eua "e#ga# *eke# ke*5a a#g A#"a #g#ka#. A#te#a Dp6(e e(a# aka# !e*e6#a# pa"a u#"ame#ta( *eke##aC a#te#a t! 5uga aka#
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!e*e6#a# pa"a ke(pata# ga#5( *eke##a. A*t#aC a#te#a Dp6(e a#g "p6t6#g u#tuk !eke*5a pa"a +0 mete* Ba#" / M;% 5uga aka# !a "paka u#tuk 14 mete* Ba#" ka*e#a 21 M;% me*upaka# ke(pata# 3 "a* / M;%. ANA'ISA PE+-A2ASAN
Me"a# (t*k "a* a#te#a "p6( !ea*#a "pe#ga*u) 6(e) 5a*ak * "a# u"ut & A#ggap !a)a a#te#a pema#a* "a* tau# a"a(a) "p6( e*tka( ke( pa"a pe*mukaa# ta#a). See6*a#g "e#ga# pe#e*ma !e*5a*ak 4 km "a* pema#a*. Be*apa 5a*ak m#mum )6*%6#ta( "a# e*tka( a#g )a*u "tempu) 6*a#g te*e!ut aga* "apat me#"etek pe*u!a)a# #te#ta #a( e!ea* 3"B. aa! ka 6*a#g te(a) !e*p#"a) "a* tempat#a "a# !e*)u!u#ga# "e#ga# a#te#aC maka "apat "gu#aka# pe*amaa# "a# "e#ga# :00C maka kta "apatka# U#tuk me#gu!a) ke "BC kta me#ggu#aka# (6ga*tma "e#ga# *a6 !a 10 "a# me#ga(ka# )a(#a "e#ga# 20 Pea)ka# pe*amaa# C "a# )a(#a a"a(a) /0/0 m. ka 6*a#g te(a) !e*ge*ak e*tka( ampa "e#ga# ) mete* u#tuk me#"etek pe*!e"aa# #a( 3"BC kta "apatka# Dma#a "a# De#ga# me#a* pemea)a# ) kta "apatka# ) 3211 m. ?atat !a)a a*a) "a* me"a# E pa"a ket#gga# ) t"ak pa*a(e( "e#ga# me"a# E pa"a ta#a). A*a) pa"a ta#a) !e*!e"a "e#ga# a*a)#a pa"a ket#gga# ).
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ANTENA +ONOPO'E
PENDA2,',AN
A#te#a antenna atau areal a"a(a) pe*a#gkat a#g !e*u#g u#tuk mem#"a)ka# e#e*g ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk "a* me"a ka!e( ke u"a*a atau e!a(k#a "a* u"a*a ke me"a ka!e(. Ka*e#a me*upaka# pe*a#gkat pe*a#ta*a a#ta*a me"a ka!e( "a# u"a*aC maka a#te#a )a*u mempu#a at a#g eua match "e#ga# me"a ka!e( pe#atu#a. P*#p
#
te(a)
"te*a#gka#
"a(am
a(u*a#
t*a#m. Da(am pe*a#a#ga# uatu a#te#aC !a!e*apa )a( a#g )a*u "pe*)atka# a"a(a) !e#tuk "a# a*a) *a"a a#g "#g#ka# p6(a*a a#g "m(k *ekue#
ke*5a
(e!a* !a#" bandwidth "a#
mpe"a# #put a#g "m(k. U#tuk a#te#a a#g !eke*5a pa"a !a#" L'C L'C ;'C ;' "a# U;' !aa)C 5e# a#te#a kaat wire antenna "a(am p*aktek#a e*#g "gu#aka#C epe*t )a(#a a#te#a "p6(e 1J2 λC a#te#a m6#6p6(e "e#ga# ground plane, a#te#a (66pC a#te#a -agU"a a**aC a#te#a (6g pe*6"k "a#
e!aga#a. A#te#aa#te#a 5e# #C "me# k#a "euaka# "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g "ma#a tem !eke*5a. Semak# t#gg *ekue# ke*5aC maka emak# pe#"ek pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g#aC e)#gga emak# pe#"ek pa#5a#g k uatu a#te#a. DE.INISI DAN -ENT,( ANTENA +ONOPO'E
A#te#a m6#6p6(e "ptaka# pa"a ta)u# 18:4 6(e) pe(6p6* *a"6 >ug(e(m6 Ma*6#. Gugliel&o +ar"o%i3 24 Ap*( 18/+
20
u(
1:3/
e6*a#g Ita(a pe#emu (t*k C
a#g
"ke#a(
a"a(a) "a# ##u*
u#tuk
ka*a
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A#te#a m6#6p6(e me*upaka# a#te#a a#g te*"* "a* k6#"ukt6* !e*!e#tuk !ata#g (u*u "a# e*#g " paa#g tegak (u*u. A#te#a te*e!ut te*"* "a* am!u#ga# pa"a ##e* "a* 6aGa( a!(e "e#ga# am!u#ga# 1J+ (am"aC e"a#gka# 6ute* "a* 6aGa( a!(e "g*6u#". A#te#a m6#6p6(e mem(k p6(a *a"a ke ega(a a*a) e)#gga a#te#a # 5uga "apat "gu#aka# u#tuk me#"etek a"a#a 6!5ek " !aa) ta#a) "e#ga# tek#k !6*e)6(e. De#ga# me##gkat#a *ekue# a#te#a aka#
me#u*u#ka#
t#gg
"a*
a#te#a
te*e!ut
eka(gu
aka#
me##gkatka# *e"ama# #a( p*6paga. M6#6p6(e !e*a*t ete#ga) !6(a. Ka*e#a e(eme#t a#g me*a"a )a#a atu. St*uktu* pema#a*a# ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk a#g pa(#g e"e*)a#a a"a(a) *a"a ge(6m!a#g a#g "tm!u(ka# 6(e) e!ua) e(eme# au ke( a#g !e*u!a)u!a) ea*a )a*m6#k. E(eme# a*u te*ke( a#g "apat me#m!u(ka# pa#a*a# ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk tu "e!ut e!aga um!e* e(eme#te*. ka me"a# a#g "tm!u(ka# 6(e) etap um!e* e(eme#te* " "a(am uatu k6#"ukt6* a#te#a "apat "5um(a)ka#ea*a
kee(u*u)a#C maka
atat
"a*e!ua)a#te#a
*a"a
te#tu aka# "apat
"keta)u.
PO'A RADIASI
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A#te#a M6#6p6(e te*mauk ate#a Om#"*ek6#a(. Om#"*ek6#a( a"a(a) a*a) pa#a*a# a#te#a ke !e*!aga a*a) "e#ga# e#e*g pa"a atu !"a#g ama !ea*. P6(a $a"a A#te#a M6#6p6(e me#e!a* ke ega(a a*a) )#gga 5a*ak te*te#tuC A#te#a # mempu#a pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g a#ta*a 200m )#gga ,00m. Pola radiasi radiation pattern uatu a#te#a a"a(a) pe*#ataa# g*a a#g me#ggam!a*ka# at *a"a uatu a#te#a pa"a me"a# 5au) e!aga u#g a*a). P6(a *a"a "apat "e!ut e!aga p6(a me"a# feld pattern apa!(a a#g "gam!a*ka# a"a(a) kuat me"a# "a# "e!ut p6(a "aa power pattern apa!(a a#g "gam!a*ka# poynting vektor. U#tuk "apat me#ggam!a*ka# p6(a *a"a #C te*(e!)
"a)u(u )a*u "temuka# p6te#a(.
A#te#a m6#6p6(e aka# mem(k keu#tu#ga# "ua ka( 3 "B ga# "a* a#te#a "p6( a#g amaC "a# *ete# ete#ga) *a"a a#g "a* "p6(. a" m6#6p6(e epe*empatge(6m!a#gC 5e# a#g pa(#g umumC aka# mem(k keu#tu#ga# 4C1: "B "a# "aa *a"a ekta* 3,C8 6)m 5ka "paa#g " ata ta#a). Ketka a#te#a "gu#aka# pa"a uatu temC !aa#a (e!) te*ta*k pa"a !agama#a ee# uatu a#te#a u#tuk mem#"a)ka# "aa a#g te*"apat pa"a te*m#a( #put me#5a" "aa *a"a. U#tuk me#ataka# #C p6e* ga# ""e#ka# e!aga +p ka( *a6 "a* #te#ta pa"a uatu a*a) "e#ga# "aa a#g "te*ma a#te##a. (ARA(TERISTI( ANTENA +ONOPO'E
P6(a $a"a A#te#a M6#6p6(e
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A#te#a
M6#6p6(e
mem(k
6m#"*et6#a(
p6(a
*a"aC
atu
mema#a*ka# ke ega(a "a# !e#tuk p6(a *a"a#a "gam!a*ka# epe*t !e#tuk "6#at "e#ga# puat !e*)mpt. P6(a *a"a ama epe*t "p6(e tetap )a#a 0≤θ≤:0°. D*ett Ka*e#a p6(a a#te##a # 6m#"*et6#a( "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# a#te##a ag "a# (a##aC a#te##a # te*mauk #6#"e*ett e)#gga me#akup 5a#gkaua# a#g ukup (ua. >a# Pa#a*a# ge(6m!a#g *a"6 6(e) a#te#a e*tka( mempu#a kekuata# a#g ama ke ega(a a*a) mata a#g#C pa#a*a# emaam # "#amaka# 6m#"*et6#a(. Pa"a a#te#a "p6(eC pa#a*a# ke a*a) tegak (u*u !e#ta#ga##a !ea* e"a#g pa#a*a# ke amp#g ke(C pa#a*a# emaam # "e!ut !"*et6#a(. >a# "#ataka# "e#ga# "e!e( "B. Ka*e#a u#tuk "aa mauka# a#g "!e*ka# *a"a te*k6#e#t*a me#5a" ete#ga) u"ut pa"at "tempat 6(e) p6(a "p6(eC ga# "*ekt "a* m6#6p6(e a"a(a) "ua ka( (pat "a* "p6( "a(am *ua#g !e!a. Gθ,φ m6#6p6(e 2 Gθ,φ "p6(e
P6(a*a P6(a*a
a"a(a)
a*a)
geta*a#
k6mp6#e#
(t*k
E
ge(6m!a#g
e(ekt6mag#etk a#g !e*a#gkuta# te*)a"ap !um. A#te#a "p6(e mem(k a*a) (#ea* e*tka( e"a#gka# m6#6p6(e )a#a pa"a atu a*a). Namu# u#tuk me#gaka(#a "apat me#ggu#aka# tek#k g*6u#" p(a#e e!aga k6#"ukt6*#a "a# mem!uat !aa#ga# m6#6p6(e pa"a g*6u#" pa(#e epe*t "p6(e. Pa"a *eke# # p6(a*a e*tka( (e!) e"kt ke*uga##a pa"a LOS "!a#"#g p6(a*a )6*6#ta(.
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Ba#""t) Pemakaa# e!ua) a#te#a "a(am tem pema#a* atau pe#e*ma e(a(u "!ata 6(e) "ae*a) *ekue# ke*5a#aC "ma#a a#te#a ma) "apat !eke*5a "e#ga# !ak "#amaka# bandwidth antenna. Apa!(a "#ataka# "a(am p*6e#C maka bandwidth a#te#a te*e!ut a"a(a)
Ba#""t) pa"a a#te#a m6#6p6(e a"a(a) 10Q AP'I(ASI
U#tuk $a"6 M6!( "a# K6mu#ka M6!(e M6"u(a Amp(tu"6 AM pe#a*a# "a(am *e#ta#g *ekue# 434 1,04k;% Pe(aa#a# k6mu#ka (a#" m6!(e. A#te#a m6#6p6(e te*"* "a* 1J2 a#te#a "p6(e a#g "(etakka# " ata !um !aa#a " me#a*a "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# 1J+ pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g &ua*te* ae a#te##a. M6#6p6(e a#gat !e*gu#a e!aga a#te#a
ke#"a*aa#
"e#ga#
kea"aa# ak# !"a#g ta#a) a"a(a) Fku(tF "a* ke#"a*aa# ma( kapa(C pe*a)uC m6!(C ta#kC peaat (ua* a#gkaa.
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ANTENA 'OOP
PENGERTIAN
A#te#a a#g mem(k 5a(u* #a( a#g te*u me#e*u "a* atu k6#"ukt6* me(eat kaat a(u*a# t*a#m ke k6#"ukt6* (a# Mem(k k6#t*uk e"e*)a#aC tetap tetap mempu#a kemampua# a#g t#gg Pe#ge*ta# (a# a#te##a a#g mem(k 5a(u* #a( a#g te*u me#e*u "a* atu k6#"ukt6* me(eat kaat a(u*a# t*a#m ke k6#"ukt6* (a# A#te#a L66p te*"* "a* !e*!aga k6#gu*aC #amu# mem(k k6#t*uk "a# kee"e*)a#aa# "a(am a#a( 1 puta*a# a#te##a (66p a"a(a) meta( !e#gk6k
ke "a(am !e#tuk ga*
me#utup epe*t (#gka*a# atau k6takC "e#ga# e!ua) e(a) " 6#"ut6* u#tuk k6#" am!u#ga#. D# a#te##a (66p "!ag 2 atu
L66p a#te##a2
e(eBt*Ba((. 2ma(( DB*Bum3e*e#Be R HJ10E
e(eBt*Ba((. (a*ge* DB*Bum3e*e#Be S HE
>AMBA$ DA$I ANTENA LOOP
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(ARA(TERISTI(
P6(a *a"a a#te##a (66p ama "e#ga# p6(a *a"a a#te##a "p6(e )a#a !"a#g E "a# !"a#g ; "tuka*. Be*kut )a( mu(a a#te#a (66p +3,C4 M;% "pe*6(e) !e!e*apa pa*amete* "a* a#te#a (66p
Da* "ata return loss ""apat #(a bandwidth "a* pe#gu*a#ga# *ekue# ata "a# *ekue# !aa) u#tuk #(a return loss (e!) ke( 10 "BC e)#gga BW +3:C0/ +C33C/3 4C3+ M;%
Se"a#gka# u#tuk S9$#a a"a(a)
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Be*kut p6(a *a"a
P6(a*a"a)a(mu(a
P6(a *a"a
)a( pe#gu5a# Da* )a( mu(a "ata #(a me"a# (t*k pa"a um!u
G
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1
12420C3 m C e"a#gka# u#tuk um!u e!ea* 1
183::C+ m . U#tuk #(a axial ratio "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# pe*amaa# D()at "a* #(a axial ratio maka p6(a*a a#te#a (66p me*upaka# p6(a*aa ellips. DESAIN ANTENA 'OOP
$a#a#ga# a#te#a L66p pe*eg pa#5a#g
AP'I(ASI
$eee*
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Sa*a# *a"6 AM
A#te#a (66ptk Detek a*a) D*et6# #"#g a#te##a
Set a(at "etek a*a)
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ANTENA 2E'I4
DE.INISI ANTENA
A#te#a ;e(G a"a(a) a#te##a a#g mempu#a !e#tuk tga "me#. Be#tuk "a* a#te##a )e(G me#e*upa pe* atau pega "e#ga# "amete* ((ta# e*ta 5a*ak a#ta* ((ta# a#g !e*uku*a# te*te#tu. DESAIN ANTENA
A#te#a )e(G mempu#a !e#tuk epe*t #
Baga#!aga# "a* a#te##a )e(G
(ARA(TERISTI(
Ma#aat "a* a#te#a )e(G # a"a(a) mem(k !a#""t) a#g (e!a*C mu"a) "!a#gu#C mem(k mpe"a# mauka# a#g #ataC "a# "apat
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me#g)a(ka# me"a# *ku(e* te*p6(a*a. >e6met* "aa* a#te#a )e(G a#g "tu#5ukka# pa"a >am!a* 2 .
Pa*amete* a#te#a )e(k ""e#ka# " !aa) # . D Damete* g(*a# pa"a a#te#a )e(G . ? Ke((#g pa"a a#te#a )e(G ? p) D . :.1 S a*ak a#ta*a ((ta# a#te#a )e(k . Su"ut 5ept ta#1 SJ
π
D
:.2 N um(a) puta*a# pa"a a#te#a )e(G . A AGa( (eg)t #S . :.3 L Pa#5a#g "a* 1 ((ta# 2
L0 √ ( πD )
+S ²
:.+ Pa#5a#g t6ta( kaat a#te##a )e(G LN N.L0 :.4
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A#te#a )e(G "apat "!e"aka# "e#ga# 2 m6"u 6pe*a#a M6"u #6*ma( a#g mema#a*ka# e#e*g#a ea*a 6m#"*et6#a( a#te##a 6m# "e#ga# p6(a*a e*ta(C "a# 6m# me*a"aka# #a(#a keemua a*a) ea*a )6*%6#ta( "a# me#gk6#e#t*aka# e#e*g#a epe*t kue "6#at. M6"u um!u a#g mema#a*ka# e#e*g#a ea*a te*k6#e#t*a ke uatu a*a) te*te#tu.
>am!a* 3. a M6"u #6*ma(C ! M6"u um!u Pa"a m6"u #6*ma(C "me# a#te##a )e(G ke( "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g. Dme# )e(G 5ka "amete* "a# (apa#ga# a"a(a) ke( "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#gC a#te##a !e*t#"ak m*p "e#ga#e!ua) e(ekt*k pe#"ek "p6(e atau m6#6p6(C m*p "e#ga# a#te##a # a"a(a) 6m#"*et6#a(C "e#ga# *a"a makmum pa"a u"ut ka#a# te*)a"ap um!u )e(G. $a"a a"a(a) te*p6(a*a (#ea* e5a5a* "e#ga# um!u )e(G. P6(a*a (#e* a"a(a) ku*u#ga# "a* me"a# (t*k et6* atau me"a# mag#et et6* ke peaat a#g "!e*ka# epa#5a#g a*a) p*6paga Pa"a m6"u um!uC S "a# D )a*u e!a#"#g "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g. 'u#g a#te##a e!aga a#te##a "*et6#a( mema#a*ka# !a(6k "a* u5u#g )e(GC epa#5a#g um!u a#te##a. I# mema#a*ka# p6(a*a *ku(e* ge(6m!a#g *a"6.
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P6(a*a *ku(e* a"a(a) p6(a*a* "ma#a me"a# (t*k "a* ge(6m!a#g a#g (eat t"ak me#gu!a) kekuata# tetap )a#a me#gu!a) a*a) ea*a me(#gka*.
p6(a*a* (#e*
p6(a*a* *ku(a*
R,+,SAN PERAN5ANGAN
M6"u um!u (e!) e*#g "gu#aka# pa"a !e*!aga ap(ka k6mu#ka *e(e.U#tuk me#"apatka# m6"u #C S "a# D )a*u e!a#"#g "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g. N(a a#g e*#g "gu#aka# a"a(a)
#(a me#"ekat 6ptma( ? JH 1C a*ak a#ta* gu(u#ga# S H J + "a# u"ut kem*#ga# 120 R R 1+0. Da(am me(akuka# pe*a#a#ga# a#te##a )e(G # "paka *umu – *umu a#g "tu*u#ka# ea*a emp* "a* pe#guku*a# 6(e) 6)# K*au VK$01WC ma(#a mpe"a# mauka# *et C
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Le!a* pa#a*a# )a( p6e* !eam"t)
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3 /2
B9 V 0 W
52 λ C √ NS
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>a# >a# "*ete ga# a"a(a) ka*akte* a#te#a a#g te*kat "e#ga# kemampua#
a#te#a
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K6#ekt6* tpeN ema(e A#te#a )e(G e*#g "gu#aka# pa"a !e*!aga ap(ka
k6mu#ka
*e(e A#te#a )e(G a#gat 66k u#tuk k6mu#ka #a( ate(t (E,NT,NGAN
Ba#""t) (e!) !ea* ka*a# +00M;% u#tuk :00M;%C 1+"B >a# a#g (e!) !ea*
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Le!) Xek!e( U#"*et6#a( a#te#a
>am!a* :.+ tamp(a# e!ua) a#te##a )e(G k6me*a( a#g !eke*5a " *ekue# 4 ampa , >;%. (ESI+P,'AN
A#te#a )e(G mempu#a p6(a*a me(#gka* epe*t ta#ga# ka#a# A#te#a )e(G !e*6pe*a " atu "a* "ua m6"e
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ANTENA 6,ADRI.I'AR 2E'I4
ntenna !elix "uadriflar
=ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( a"a(a) uatu a#te#a a#g te*!uat e6(a)6(a) "a* "ua a#te#a !(a* )e(G a#g "u)u!u#gka# "e#ga# u"ut :0 "e*a5at. Be#tuk "aa* "a* a#te#a # "kem!a#gka# 6(e) #r. $. $. %ilgus " &ohns !opkins 'niversity =ua"*(a* )e(6"a( mem(k p6(a *a"a a#g omnidirectional. Pa*amete*pa*amete* a#g pe*(u "pe*)atka# "a(am
pem!uata# !e#"a ke* 5a#a a"a(a) t#gg a#te#a atau aG
lenp C
"amete* a#te#a #C 5um(a) puta*a#C *ekue# ke*5aC pe*mete* ke((#g "a* !(a* (66p "a# pe*!a#"#ga# a#ta*a t#gg a#te#a ak "e#ga# "amete*#a
>am!a* 1. =ua"*(a* ;e(G A#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* mem!utu)ka# a*u a#g !e*!e"a ae#a ea*a &ua"*atu* u#tuk pe#atua##a.
U#tuk meme#u) )a( te*e!ut maka
"gu#aka# met6"e sel(phased.
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>am!a* 2. L66p !u5u* a#gka* "e#ga# ke((#g H Se!aga pe#ga#ta*C aka# "!a)a !(a* (66pC "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g H "a# ete#ga) puta*a#.U#tuk mem!uat !(a* (66pC "aa( "e#ga# mem!uat (66p k6tak atau !u5u* a#gka* "e#ga# ke((#g pe*mete* pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g#a H epe*t te*()at pa"a gam!a* 2. etap "a* !u5u* a#gka* mem(k pa#5a#g HJ+. Se!aga umpa# ke te*m#a(#a a#g ")u!u#gka# pa"a (66p !aga# !aa) a#g te*!uka. (e#E atau l me*upaka# !aga# "a* *a"at6*#a "e#ga# pa#5a#g mu(a "a* umpa# te*m#a( E me#u5u ke ata "a# !e*)e#t "!aga# te#ga)#a. Pa#5a#g (e#E a"a(a) HJ2C e)#gga k6#gu*a # "e!ut !(a* (66p !u5u*a#gka* H "e#ga# #6( puta*a#. B(a* (66p !u5u* a#gka*C "puta* !aga# ata#a ete#ga) puta*a# 180 "e*a5at "e#ga# me#gaumka# !aga# te#ga) te*"apat ta!u#g a#g mem(k "amete* H e)#gga epe*t ta!u#g a#g "((t "e#ga# "ua kaat. Setap "ua e*tka( me#5a" ete#ga) puta*a# )e(G. De#ga# me(akuka# pemuta*a# #C maka pa#5a#g "amete* "a# t#gg#a aka# me#uut epe*t a#gte*()at pa"a gam!a* 3.
>am!a* 3 B(a* )e(G H Kete*a#ga# lp t#gg !(a* )e(G lenpo
D "amete* !(a* )e(G. lE Pa#5a#g *a"at6* J (a*.
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>am!a* + A#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( U#tuk mem!a#gu# =ua"*(a* )e(6"a(C atu "e#ga# me#g)u!u#gka# "ua !(a* te*e!ut. Be*"aa*ka# "a* pe#e(ta# $?AY At*6E(et*6# D6# # P*#et6#C Ne e*e atau !a "ake me(a(u .2"u.6mC "ua !(a* )e(G a#g aka# ")u!u#gka# mem(k t#gg "a# "amete* a#g !e*!e"a. U#tuk "amete* "a# t#gg a#g (e!) !ea* "e!ut (a*ge* (66p "a# a#g ke( "e!ut ma((e* (66p.=ua"*(a* )e(6"a( H "a# puta*a#C pa*amete* (a*ge* (66p "a# ma(( (66p "*umuka# e!aga !e*kut La*ge* (66p D 0C1/3 H (e#PZ
0C2,0 H
Pe*mete* 1C120 H Sma((e* (66p D 0C14, (e#P 0C238 Pe*mete* 1C01,
Kete*a#ga# D "amete* (66p (e#P6
pa#5a#g ak t#gg (66p
pe*mete* ke((#g "a* !(a* (66p. Pe*mete* 5uga "apat "a*tka# e!aga pa#5a#g kaat a#g aka# "gu#aka# u#tuk mem!uat !(a* (66p atau pa#5a#g ke((#g (66p !(a*
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a#g aka# " !uat.. =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( t"ak meme*(uka# g*6u#" p(a#e "a(am
pemakaa##a
e)#gga
"apat
me#g)emat
tempat
"a(am
pemaa#ga##a. A#te#a 5e# # te(a) "gu#aka# pa"a ate(t TI$OSN "a# NOAA !uata# $?A. Pa"a Tuga ak)* # aka# "!uat. Pe*a#a#ga##a pa"a *ekue# te(e e)#gga "me##a (e!) !ea* "a# )a( "a* pem!uata# a#te#a # "apat (a#gu#g "amat "a(am ke)"upa# e)a* )a* atu pa"a peaat te(e. Pa"a gam!a* + me*upaka# gam!a* a#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( "e*ta "e#ga# a(a) atu "a* met6"e pem!e*a# umpa# pa"a a#te#a ke ka!e( k6aGa(. L66p (66p "a* a#te#a pa"a gam!a* te*!uat "a* ka!e( 6aGa(. PERAN5ANGAN ANTENA 6,ADRI.I'AR 2E'I5OIDA'
Pe*a#a#ga# A#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( Da(am me*a#a#g uatu a#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( te*(e!) "a)u(u "te#tuka# pa*amete*#a. A"apu# pa*amete* a#g )a*u "pe*)atka# a"a(a) e!aga !e*kut
'*ekue# ke*5a "a# (e!a* pta a#g "#g#ka# Damete* A#te#a Pa#5a#g Ak A#te#a Pe*mete* A#te#a (eed point ttk umpa#
Pe#e#tua# '*ekue# Ke*5a A#te#a Setap a#te#a mem(k *ekue# ke*5aC *ekue# ke*5a ' a#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( "apat "a* "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# *umu
Kete*a#ga# (c '*ekue# te#ga) !) * '*ekue# !aa) !) (u '*ekue# ata !)
Pe#e#tua# Pa#5a#g >e(6m!a#g H
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Pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g !e*)u!u#ga# "e#ga# *ekue# ke*5aC emak# !ea* *ekue# ke*5a maka pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g#a aka# emak# ke(. Pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g !e*pe*a# "a(am pe#e#tua# !ea* #a "me# a#te#a. Pe*)tu#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g pa"a pe*a#a#ga# a#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( ete#ga) puta*a# HJ2 a"a(a)
Kete*a#ga# + Pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g m $ keepata# a)aa 3.108ms ( '*ekue# !)
Pe#e#tua# Damete* A#te#a A#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( "aumka# te*uu# ata "ua (66p !(a*C a#g ma#gma#g mem(k "amete* (66p a#g !e*!e"a. L66p a#g ke( "e!ut -maller loop "a# a#g !ea* "e!ut arger oop -maller oop
U#tuk me#e#tuka# "amete* ma((e* (66p "gu#aka# pe*)tu#ga# e!aga !e*kut
arger loop
U#tuk me#e#tuka# "amete* La*ge* L66p "gu#aka# pe*)tu#ga# e!aga !e*kut
Kete*a#ga# D Damete* L66p mm + Pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g mm
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Pe#e#tua# Pa#5a#g Ak A#te#a -maller oop
Pa#5a#g ak -maller oop "apat "te#tuka# me(a(u pe*)tu#ga# e!aga !e*kut
arger loop
Se"a#gka# pe*)tu#ga# pa#5a#g ak arger oop #a a"a(a) e!aga !e*kut
Kete*a#ga# enpo
Pa#5a#g Ak mm
+ Pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g mm
Pe#e#tua# Pe*mete* Pe*mete* me*upaka# ke((#g (66p atau me*upaka# pa#5a#g kee(u*u)a# k6#"ukt6* a#g "!utu)ka#. -maller oop
Pa#5a#g pe*mete* -maller oop "apat "te#tuka# "e#ga# pe*)tu#ga# e!aga !e*kut
arger oop
Se"a#gka# pe*)tu#ga# pa#5a#g pe*mete* arger oop #a a"a(a) e!aga !e*kut
/eed Point ttk Umpa#
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/eed Point atau ttk umpa# me*upaka# uatu ttk puat "ma#a pa"a ttk
te*e!ut te*"apat )u!u#ga# "a#ta*a k6#"ukt6* a#g atu "e#ga# a#g (a# #a. /eed point # !e*a"a pa"a !aga# ata a#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a(
>am!a* 4 ttk umpa# S1 "a# S2 me*upaka# k6mp6#e# pem!e#tuk smaller loopC e"a#gka# L1 "a# L2 me*upaka# k6mp6#e# pem!e#tuk larger loop C "e#ga# pa#5a#g eua pa"a pe*)tu#ga# pe*mete*.
>am!a* , K6#ek BN? >am!a* , me*upaka# )u!u#ga# a#ta*a (a*(a* "e#ga# BN? a#g !e*a"a pa"a !aga# !aa) a#te#a. Pa"a (a* smaller loop te*)u!u#g (a#gu#gC e"a#gka# pa"a flar larger (66p te*)u!u#g pa"a k6#ekt6* BN?
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>am!a* / ga!u#ga# #t "a# 6ute* >am!a* / me*upaka# !e#tuk u5u#g smaller loop a#g !e*a"a pa"a (eed point 5uga me*upaka# u5u#g a(a) atu (a* (a*ge* (66p a#g !e*a"a pa"a (eed point "a# k6#ek ke BN? k6#ekt6*.
Pem()a# Ba)a# Se!aga k6#"ukt6*#a "p() kaat tem!agaC e!a! kaat tem!aga *e(at mu"a) ""apatka# " paa*a# "a# mem(k k6#"uktta a#g ukup
t#gg
atu
e!ea*
4C80
m)6JmC
e!agama#a
"tu#5ukka# "a(am ta!e( #(a k6#"uktta !e*!aga maam !a)a# "!aa) #. Ta!e( 3.1 Satat !e!e*apa k6#"ukt6*
;a( a#g pe*(u "pe*)atka# atu "amete* k6#"ukt6*C pa"a pem!uata# a#te#a =ua"*(a* ;e(6"a( !ea* "amete* k6#"ukt6* ama "e#ga# "amete* ka!e( 6aGa( a#g "gu#aka# e!aga
(eed point
ttk
umpa##a. -imulasi ntenna !elix "uadriflar
Sete(a) me(akuka# pe*)tu#ga# "me# a#te#a )e(G
&ua"*(a*C maka
"(akuka# mu(a pa"a *e ku# ke*5a 2C+ >;%. Smu (a pa"a ?ST M*6ae Stu"6 # "(akuka# "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# transient solver.Pe#atua# pa"a mu(a me#ggu#aka#
te*(etak pa"a pe*temua# smaller loop "a#
discreate port a#g
larger loop a#te#a #.
Impe"a# pe#atu a#g "gu#aka# pa"a mu(a # a"a(a) e!ea* 40 6)m.
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>am!a* 8.K6#gu*a smaller loop A "a# larger loop B "a* a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* Da(am mu(a "ata a#g "pe*(uka# a"a(a) "ata "a* pa*amete* "me# a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* a#g te*"apat pa"a ta!e( 1. De#ga# me(akuka# mu(a ""apatka# #(a "a* !e!e*apa pa*amete* a#te#a a#g me(put return loss, 0-W1, bandwidth, p6(a *a"aC p6(a*a "a# gain "a*
a#te##a. U#tuk )a( mu(a ""apat #(a return loss "a* a#te#a )e(G a#g "tu#5ukka# pa"a gam!a* 8.
>am!a* :. 1eturn loss a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* Da* )a( mu(a te*(()at #(a *etu*# (6 10 "B te*(etak pa"a *ekue# 2.33:+ >;% "a# 2.411+ >;% "e#ga# *ekue# ke*5a 2.+ >;%. Da* "ata te*e!ut ""apatka# !a#""t) a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* e!ea* 3+8C/2 M;%.
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>am!a* 10. 0-W1 a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a*
>am!a* 11. P6(a *a"a "a* a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* P6(a *a"a a#g te*!e#tuk "a* mu(a a"a(a) "*ek6#a(. >am!a* + me#u#5ukka# pe*!e"aa# gain a#g "(am!a#gka# "e#ga# pe*!e"aa# a*#a. Gain makmum "tu#5ukka# "tu#5ukka# "e#ga# a*#a me*a) atu e!ea* +C, "B. ;a( mu(a me#u#5ukka# #(a me"a# (t*k pa"a um!u G e!ea* +,,1+C+ JmC e"a#gka# u#tuk um!u e!ea* 1228,.2 Jm. Da(am te6*#a me"a# e(ekt*k pa"a um!u G "a# me"a# e(ekt*k pa"a um!u "e!ut "e#ga# um!u ma6* "a# um!u m#6* pa"a axial ratio.N(a aGa( *at6 e!ea* 3C/: me#u#5ukka# !a)a p6(a*a a#te#a )e(G &ua"*(a* a"a(a) e(p.
Gambar 2. P6(a $a"a A#te#a ;e(G =ua"*(a* "a(am !e#tuk 2 "me#
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ANTENA 7AGI ,DA
A#te#a a"a(a) pe*a#gkat a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk me#g*m "a# me#e*ma #a(. A#te#a "!uat "e#ga# !e*!aga !e#tuk eua "e#ga# u#g pe#e*apa##a. Sa(a) atu 5e# A#te#a a#g kta !a)a "# a"a(a) ntena 3agi 'da.
A#te#a -ag atau 5uga "ke#a( a#te#a -agU"a "gu#aka# ea*a (ua "a# me*upaka# a(a) atu a#te#a "e#ga# "ea# pa(#g uke atau !a#ak "gu#aka# u#tuk ap(ka $' "*ekt. A#te#a -agU"a a"a(a) #ama (e#gkap#aC pa"a umum#a "ke#a( "e#ga# e!uta# -ag atau a#te#a -ag. Sejarah a%te%a yagi
Pa"a ta)u# 1:2, D*. ;"etugu -ag "a# D*. S)#ta*6 U"a "a* T6)6ku Impe*a( U#e*t me#emuka# e!ua) a#te#a a#g aat # umum "gu#aka#C a#te#a # "#amaka# -ag U"a. Tetap !aa#a (e!) e*#g "e!ut a#te#a -ag. Ele&e% Pe%yusu% A%te%a 7agi ,da
A#te#a -ag U"a "uu# "e#ga# !e!e*apa e(eme# atau !aga#. E(eme# A#te#a -ag U"a te*"* "a*
D*e# $eXet6* D*et6* B66m
#riven a"a(a) ttk atu "a* ka!e( a#te##aC !aa#a pa#5a#g k "*e#
a"a(a) ete#ga) pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g 0C4 H "a* *ekue# *a"6 a#g "pa#a*ka# atau "te*ma. 1e*ektora"a(a) !aga# !e(aka#g a#te##a a#g !e*u#g e!aga
pema#tu( #a(C"e#ga# pa#5a#g k (e!) pa#5a#g "a*pa"a "*e#. pa#5a#g !aa#a a"a(a) 0C44 H pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g.
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#irector a"a(a) !aga# pe#ga*a) a#te#aC uku*a##a e"kt (e!) pe#"ek
"a*pa"a "*e#. Pe#am!a)a# !ata#g "*et6* aka# me#am!a) ga# a#te#aC #amu# aka# mem!uat p6(a pe#ga*a)a# a#te#a me#5a" (e!) empt. Semak# !a#ak 5um(a) "*et6*C maka emak# empt a*a)#a. Boom a"a(a) !aga# "tempatka#a "*e#C *eXekt6*C "a# "*ekt6*. B66m
!e*!e#tuk e!ata#g (6gam atau kau a#g pa#5a#g#a epa#5a#g a#te#a tu. A#te#a -agC 5uga mem(k pa 5a*ak a#ta*a e(eme#. a*ak#a umum#a amaC atu 0.1 H "a* *ekue#. (arakteristikA%te%a
U#tuk "apat me(aka#aka# k6mu#ka u"a*a k6mu#ka *a"6 a#g !akC te#tu "pe*(uka# a(at k6mu#ka "e#ga# pe*6*ma# a#g !ak pu(a. O(e) ka*e#a tuC a#te#aC e!aga a(at te*pe#t#g "a(am tem k6mu#ka *a"6C )a*u !a !e*u#g ea*a 6ptma(. A#te#a a#g !ak a"a(a) a#te#a a#g mempu#a ka*akte*tk te*te#tuC "a#ta*a#a ga#C !a#""t)C mpe"a#C S9$C *eakta#C p6(a pa#a*. P6(a $a"a A#te#a mempu#a ka*akte*tk te*e#"* a#g " e!ut P6(a $a"a. P6(a $a"a a#te##a -ag a"a(a) D*ek6#a(C. A*t#a pe*am!ata# #a( "a* a#te##a -ag )a#a te*(etak pa"a atu ga* (u*u. ka te*5a" kem*#ga# u"ut "a* a#te##a atau um!e* #a(C maka #a( a#g "te*ma aka# me#5a" ku*a#g !agu. Pa"a aat 0Z a"a(a) a*a) kema#a a#te##a )a*u "(etakka# me#g)a"ap pema#a*. >am!a* "!aa) # mempu#a u"ut !ukaa# E6C / 3,Z pema#a* a#g te*(etak pa"a a*a) "ae*a) !ukaa# aka# "te*ma "e#ga# !ak.
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5hara"teristi"s
P6(a*%at6# )6*%6#ta( Beam"t) :0Z G 40Z Ba#""t) 4Q >a# 4 t6 14 "B
a P6(a *a"a ak!at *eXet6* ! P6(a *a"a ak!at "*et6*
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! INTE$MEDIATE
B$OAD SIDE
a B$OAD SIDE
END
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>AMBA$ MODEL POLA $ADIASI >a# Se!ua) a#te#a a#g !ak e!a mu#gk# mempu#a ga# a#g !ea*. >a# me#u#5ukka# e!e*apa !ea* kemampua# a#te#a u#tuk me#gu!a) !e#tuk ge(6m!a#g (t*k ke ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk "a# e!a(k#a. . power gain atau gain a5a ""e#ka# e!aga +p ka( *a6 "a*
#te#ta pa"a uatu a*a) "e#ga# "aa a#g "te*ma a#te#aC "#ataka# "e#ga# U (θ .φ ) Pm
G45,(6 7 8p
METODE PEN>UKU$AN >AIN ANTENA DEN>AN ANTENA STANDA$D
PEN>UKU$AN DA-A OUTPUT -AN> DITE$IMA OLE; ANTENA
STANDA$D PS PEN>UKU$AN DA-A OUTPUT -AN> DITE$IMA OLE; ANTENA -AN> DI TEST Pt
Ba#""t) Ba#""t) a"a(a) *e#ta#g *ekue# " ata "a# " !aa) *ekue# a#g "#g#ka#. A#te#a a#g !agu mempu#a !a#""t) a#g (e!a*. Namu#C 5ka !a#""t)#a te*(a(u (e!a* maka a#te##a t"ak aka# 6ku pa"a atu a*a) " *ekue# a#te##a e)a*u#a !eke*5a.ma( e!ua) a#te#a !eke*5a pa"a *ekue# te#ga) e!ea* ($C #amu# a 5uga ma) "apat !eke*5a "e#ga# !ak pa"a *ekue# (9 " !aa) ($ ampa "e#ga# (: " ata ($C maka (e!a* bandwidth "a* a#te#a te*e!ut a"a(a) (9 ; (:. Tetap apa!(a "#ataka# "a(am p*6e#C maka bandwidth a#te#a te*e!ut a"a(a)
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f 2 − f1 fc
BW
7
x 9<< =
1.3,
Bandwidth a#g "#ataka# "a(am p*6e# epe*t # !aa#a "gu#aka#
u#tuk me#ataka# bandwidth a#te#aa#te#a a#g mem(k band empt narrow band. Se"a#gka# u#tuk band a#g (e!a* broad band !aa#a "gu#aka# "e# *a6 a#ta*a !ata *ekue# ata "e#ga# *ekue# !aa). f2 f1
BW
1.3/
7
Suatu a#te#a "g6(6#gka# e!aga a#te#a broad band apa!(a mpe"a# "a# p6(a *a"a "a* a#te#a tu t"ak me#ga(am pe*u!a)a# a#g !e*a*t u#tuk (: (9 > 9. Bataa# a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk me#"apatka# (: "a# (9 a"a(a) "te#tuka# 6(e) )a*ga 0-W1 7 9. Bandwidth a#te#a a#gat "pe#ga*u) 6(e) (ua pe#ampa#g k6#"ukt6*
a#g "gu#aka# e*ta uu#a# k#a !e#tuk ge6met*#a. Ma(#a pa"a a#te#a "p6(eC a aka# mempu# a bandwidth a#g emak# (e!a* apa!(a pe#ampa#g k6#"ukt6* a#g "gu#aka##a emak# !ea*. Demka# pu(a pa"a a#te#a a#g mempu#a uu#a# k a#g !e*u!a) ea*a smothC !aa#a apu# aka# me#g)a(ka# p6(a *a"a "a# mpe"a# #put a#g !e*u!a) ea*a
smoth te*)a"ap pe*u!a)a#
*ekue# ma(#a pa"a a#te#a biconicalC log periodic, "a# e!aga#a6. Se(a# "a*pa"a tuC pa"a 5e# a#te#a ge(6m!a#g !e*5a(a# tavelling wave te*#ata "temuka# (e!) (e!a* *a#ge *ekue# ke*5a#a "a*pa"a
a#te#a *e6#a#. Pe#gap(kaa# a#te#a ag a. U#tuk me#e*ma ge(6m!a#g U;' pa"a T. !. Dapat me#e*ma ge(6m!a#g "a* #te*#et )6tp6t.
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Dea# A#te#a ag
ANTENA 5ROSS 7AGI
Pe%gertia%
A#te#a *6 ag a"a(a) a#te#a a#g "*a#a#g "a* "ua !ua) a#te#a ag u"a a#g "(a#gka#. " ma#a ma#gma#g a#te#a ag (e!) "a* (ma e(eme# "p6(e.
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(egu%aa% 8 Aplikasi
?*6-ag "apat !e*gu#a u#tuk ke*5a ate(t u#tuk k6#tak te*et*a( 5ka pe*(u ke"ua p6(a*a e*tka( "a#
)6*6#ta( Dap(kaka# u#tuk *ekue# "ata +00 M;%.
Sa(a) Satu ka*akte*tk a#te##a *6 ag
P6(a*a ?*6 -ag ?*6 -ag mempu#a p6(a*a e*ta( "a# )6*%6#ta(C A#te#a *6 ag # 66k "gu#aka# u#tuk )u!u#ga# k6mu#ka ate(t ka*e#a a#te#a 5e# # aka# mempu#a p6(a*a me(#gka*C e)#gga a*a) *am!at ge(6m!a#g#a aka# !e*puta*C !e*!e"a "e#ga# p6(a*a a#g umum "gu#aka# atu p6(a*a (#ea* a#g )a#a me*am!at pa"a atu a*a) a5a e*tka( atau )6*%6#ta( a5a. De#ga# me#ggu#aka# p6(a*a me(#gka*C ")a*apka# p6(a*%at6# mmat)#a "apat "ku*a#g. Pa"a p6(a*a
me(#gka*
#
"apat
"gu#aka#
"ua
a*a)
pe*am!ata#
ge(6m!a#gC atu eua a*a) 5a*um 5am (6k e "a# !e*(aa#a# a*a) 5a*um 5am 6u#te* (6k e.
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Desig% A%te%a 5ross 7agi
U#tuk me*a#a#g a#te#a *6 ag te*"apat 2 maam met6"e atu 1 Met6"e [<\ F
m6u#t#g
"a#5u*ka#C
5ka
A#"a t"ak "apat !e*a() " a#ta*a p6(a*aC
ka*e#a
u(t
u#tuk
k6#gu*a # u#tuk me#"apatka# p6(a*a )6*%6#ta( "a# e*tka(. A#te#a
)a*u
"a(am
p6(a*a
me(#gka*. Da(am etap kau u"ut a#ta*a "ua a#te#a # )a*u e(a(u :0 ZC 5a" 5uga memu#gk#ka# u#tuk me#empatka# a#te#a # pa"a F
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ANTENA (A'ENG 95ANTENNA:
DE.INISI
A#te#a Ka(e#gC atau "apat "e!ut 5uga ?a#te##aC a"a(a) a#te#a a#g "apat "!uat e#"* "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# ka(e#g. A#te#a Ka(e#g !aa#a "gu#aka# u#tuk me##gkatka# 5a#gkaua# atau kua(ta #a( atau me#emuka# 5a*#ga# 9'. (ARA(TERISTI( ANTENA (A'ENG
P6(a $a"a P6(a *a"a "a* a#te##a ka(e#g a"a(a) tga "me#. P6(a *a"a a#te#a "!e#tuk 6(e) "ua !ua) p6(a *a"a !e*"aa* !"a#g *a#C atu p6(a *a"a pa"a !"a#g *a# a*a) e(ea p6(a e(ea "a# p6(a *a"a pa"a !"a#g *a# a*a) a%mut) p6(a a%mut). Be*kut a"a(a) gam!a* "a* p6(a *a"a a#te#a ka(e#g
>a# >a# atau "e!ut 5uga "e#ga# pe#guata#C mempu#a atua# "e!e( "B. >a# pa"a a#te#a ka(e#g !e*ka* ekta 10 – 12 "B. P6(a*a P6(a*a a#te#a ka(e#g a"a(a) p6(a*a (#e*. P6(a*a (#e* a"a(a) p6(a*a a#g )a#a atu a*a) a5aC )6*%6#ta( atau e*tka(.
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DESAIN ANTENA (A'ENG
(ONSTR,(SI ANTENA (A'ENG
Ka(e#g K6#ekt6* $' tpe N'ema(e E(eme# Akt !e*upa p6t6#ga# kaat ke( Pgta( u#tuk me#g)u!u#gka# a#te#a ke $' um!e*
>AMBA$ ANTENA KALEN>
AP'I(ASI ANTENA (A'ENG
$6ket]e* me#ggu#aka##a u#tuk ket#gga# te(emet* umpa#
!a(k. Ekte# !e*!aga *a"6 9'.
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Pe(aut me#ggu#aka##a u#tuk ake #te*#et " "e*maga "a# J atau
aat " ata a*. $egu !"a#g m(te* ka"a#gka"a#g me#ggu#aka# a#te##a ka(e#g u#tuk mem!aa !ak)au( #*ka!e( ke ma*ka me*eka.
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ANTENA ;A0AN -O'I5
De/%isi A%te%a
A#te#a a"a(a) uatu p*a#t a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk me*am!atka# "a# me#e*ma ge(6m!a#g *a"6 atau E(ekt*6mag#etk De/%isi A%te%a ;aja% -oli"
Da(am matematkaC pa*a!6(a a"a(a) *a# ke*uut a#g !e*!e#tuk ku*a a#g ")a(ka# 6(e) pe*p6t6#ga# me#(a#g
a#g e5a5a* te*)a"ap
pe*mukaa# ke*uut.
D*ekt* a"a(a) ga* um!u met* pa"a pa*a!6(a te*)a"ap ttk 6ku. Se"a#gka# 6ku "a* pa*a!6(a a"a(a) (etak uatu ttk "ma#a 5a*ak a#ta*a ttk em!a*a#g pa"a ga* pa*a!6(a MGC ke 6ku a"a(a) ama "e#ga# 5a*ak a#ta*a MGC ke "*ekt* DGC0.
Ka*e#a pa"a pe*amaa# "ata ke"ua amaama mempu#a aka*C maka !a "e(m#a e)#gga me#g)a(ka# pe*amaa#
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2
y=
x 4f
Seka*a#g pe*)atka# gam!a* 3 "!aa)C "ma#a "keta)u "amete* "a* pa*a!6(a D "a# ke"a(ama# pa*a!6(a ". Da* "ua pa*amete* te*e!ut maka !a ")tu#g #(a J (etak "a* ttk 6ku pa*a!6(a.
Da* gam!a* 3 "ataC "keta)u ttk DJ2C" "a# ttk DJ2C" te*(etak pa"a pa*a!6(aC e)#gga y=
x
2
4f
( )
D 2 d= 4f
2
2
d=
D 1 x 4 4f
d=
D 16 f
2
Da* pe*amaa# "ata !a kta u!a) me#5a" e!ua) pe*amaa# u#tuk me#g)tu#g #(a 6ku. 2
d=
D 16 f
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2
f=
D 16 d
Da* pe*amaa# "ata !a kta pe*)atka# !a)a emak# !ea* #(a "amete* "a* uatu pa*a!6(a # "a# emak# ke( #(a ke"a(ama# d uatu pa*a!6(aC maka #(a 6ku#a aka# me#5a" emak# !ea*.
'6ku a#g te*(etak " "a(am pa*a!6(a Pa"a "aa*#a a#te#a a5a#!6( )amp* ama "e#ga# a#te#a pa*a!6(a. Letak pe*!e"aa##a )a#a pa"a *eXekt6*. ka pa"a a#te#a pa*a!6(a !aa *eXekt6* a"a(a) dish a#g ""ea# k)uu aga* "apat mema#tu(ka# #a( "e#ga# e!agama#a met#aC maka 5ka pa"a a#te#a a5a#!6(C *eXekt6* !e*upa a5a# a#g e*#g kta 5umpa. A#te#a pa*a!6(a a"a(a) high?gain re*ektor antenna a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk *a"6C te(e "a# k6mu#ka "ataC "a# 5uga u#tuk radiolocation 41#16C pa"a !aga# U;'
"a# S;' "a* pekt*um ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk. Sea*a *e(atC ge(6m!a#g pe#"ek "a* e#e*g e(ekt*6mag#etk *a"6 pa"a *ekue# #. me#g5#ka# pemaa#ga# *eXekt6* "e#ga# !e*!aga maam uku*a# u#tuk me#g)a(ka# kuat #a( a#g !ak pa"a aat transmitting "a# receiving epe*t a#g "#g#ka#. A#te#a pa*a!6(a ea*a umum te*"* ata *eXekt6*C "a# waveguide. $eXekt6* a"a(a) e!ua) pe*mukaa# a#g te*!uat "a* !a)a# (6gam a#g "!e#tuk (#gka*a# pa*a!6(6" a#g !aa##a me*upaka# "amete* "a* a#te#a te*e!ut. Pa*a!6(6" # mem(k ttk 6ku a#g !e*!e"a!e"a !e*"aa*ka# ata "amete* *eXekt6* "a# ke"a(ama# *eXekt6*.
Waveguide
e!aga a(a) atu
k6mp6#e# "a* a#te#a pa*a!6(a "a# 5uga a#te#a a5a#!6( te*(etak pa"a 6ku *eXekt6*. Pa"a a#te#a a5a#!6(
(eed atau waveguide
e!e#a*#a 5uga me*upaka# e!ua) a#te#a tpe lowgain epe*t hal(? wave "p6(e ata u small waveguide horn. Pa"a waveguide # te*"apat
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e!ua) a(at a#g !e*u#g u#tuk mema#a*ka# "a# me#e*ma #a( radio?(re5uency 41/6.
a. pa*a!6(
!. O^ – e#te*
. ?aeg*a# Da#ggap !a)a a#te#a pa*a!6(a e!aga
circular apertureC maka
pe*amaa# u#tuk me#geta)u #(a pe#"ekata# gain makmum a"a(a)
> pe#guata# gain isotropic D "amete* *eXekt6* "e#ga# atua# a#g ama "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g H pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g $eXekt6* A#te#a a5a#!6( # me#ggu#aka# *eXekt6* "a* a5a# a#g !e*!a)a# a(umu#um. Dp() !a)a# a(umu#um ka*e#a !a)a# a(umu#um ea*a umum me*upaka# !a)a# a#g *#ga# !(a "!a#"#ga# "e#ga# !a)a# (6gam (a##a. ;a( # te#tu me*upaka# e!ua) keu#tu#ga# !(a kta aka# me#gmp(eme#taka# a#te#a a5a#!6( ka*e#a a(aupu# mempu#a "me# !ea*C !6!6t "a* a#te#a te*e!ut aka# tetap (e!) *#ga# 5ka "!a#"#ga# !(a kta me#ggu#ka# "a* !a)a# (6gam (a#.
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Pe#ggu#aa# *eXekt6* # "maku"ka# u#tuk me#"apatka# pe#guata# gain a#g (e!) !ea* !(a "!a#"# gka# )a#a me#ggu#aka# wireless '-B adapter !aa atau )a#a me#ggu#aka# a#te#a ka(e#g waveguide.
Ka*e#a etap ge(6m!a#g a#g "ata#g "a* 6ku aka# "pa#tu(ka# 6(e) pe*mukaa# *eXekt6* "e#ga# a*a) a#g e5a5a* "e#ga# um!u atau e!a(k#a. Sat *eXekt6* a#g !ak a"a(a) Setap ge(6m!a#g a#g "ata#g "a* 6ku "pa#tu(ka# 6(e) pe*mukaa# e5a5a* "e#ga# um!u "a# e!a(k#a. >e(6m!a#g "a* 6ku a#g "pa#tu(ka# 6(e) pe*mukaa# *eXekt6* aka# mem6t6#g uatu !"a#g a#g tegak (u*u te*)a"ap um!u "e#ga# ae a#g ama Se(a# *eXekt6* a#g !akC kta 5uga )a*u mempe*)atka# pe#atua# pa"a aegu"e. Pemaa#ga# *e(e USB a"apte* pa"a pe#atua# aegu"e te*(etak " "epa# pema#tu(C upaa e#e*g ge(6m!a#g "apat pa#a*ka# (a#gu#g ke pema#tu( ta#pa a"a *#ta#ga#. Stem pe#atua# )a*u meme#u) "ua kepe#t#ga# Pe#atu )a*u "apat me*a"aka# ge(6m!a#g ke pema#tu( "e#ga# !akC a*t#a t"ak !a#ak ge(6m!a#g a#g ke(ua* "a* pe*mukaa# pema#tu( Pe#atu )a*u mem!ata upaa S9$ a(u*a# k6aka( me#"ekat atu P6(a $a"a A#te#a P6(a *a"a radiation pattern uatu a#te#a a"a(a) pe*#ataa# g*a a#g me#ggam!a*ka# at *a"a uatu a#te#a pa"a me"a# 5au) e!aga u#g a*a). P6(a *a"a "apat "e!ut e!aga p6(a me"a# feld pattern apa!(a a#g "gam!a*ka# a"a(a) kuat me"a# "a# "e!ut p6(a
"aa power pattern apa!(a a#g "gam!a*ka# p6#t#g ekt6*. De#ga# a"a#a gam!a*a# p6(a *a"a kta !a me()at !e#tuk pa#a*a# a#g ")a(ka# 6(e) a#te#a te*e!ut. >am!a*a# "me# p6(a *a"a "apat "()at pa"a
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Se"a#gka# pa"a k66*"#at p6(a*C p6(a *a"a "tu#5ukka# pa"a
>am!a* p6(a *a"a "ata a"a(a ) p6(a *a"a a#te#a directional -ag U"a. Da* p6(a *a"a "ata "apat te*()at !a)a p6 a#te#a mempe#ga*u) a*a) pa#a*a# *a"a. >am!a*a# p6(a *a"a "a* !e!e*apa a#te#a "apat "()at pa"a
aP6(a *a"a a#te#a pa*a!6(a !P6(a *a"a a#te#a -ag U"a 4c6 P6(a *a"a a#te#a dipole "P6(a *a"a a#te#a omni
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Da* gam!a*a# !e*!aga maam p6(a *a"a pa"a >am!a* "apat "()at at *a"a "a* !e*!aga a#te#a. A#te#a pa*a!6(a mem(k pa#a*a# *a"a ke a*a) te*te#tu. Begtu 5uga "e#ga# a#te#a -ag U"a p6(a *a"a#a 5uga me#ga*a) ke a*a) te*te#tu. ;a#a a5a a#te#a pa*a!6(a mem(k pe#guata# a#g (e!) !ea*. Ke"ua a#te#a te*e!ut "e!ut "e#ga# a#te#a "*et6#a( ka*e#a mem(k p6(a *a"a a#g te*a*a). Beam"t) a#te#a "*et6#a( # (e!) empt "!a#"#g "e#ga# a#te#a (a#. Se)#gga e"ut pema#a*a##a (e!) ke( "a# te*a*a). A#te#a # !aa "gu#aka# 6(e) (e#t ka*e#a p6(a *a"a a#g te*a*a) aka# mem!uat a#te#a "apat me#5a#gkau 5a*ak a#g *e(at 5au). Pa"a a#te#a "p6(eC p6(a *a"a mem(k pa#a*a# a#g kuat pa"a a*a) a#g tegak (u*u e"a#gka# pa#a*a# ke amp#g ke(. U#tuk a#te#a 6m#"*et6#a( p6(a *a"a te*()at. me#ga*a) ke ega(a a*a). A#te#a # mem(k ga# a#g (e!) *e#"a) "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# a#te#a "*et6#a(. A#te#a omnidirectional "apat "gu#aka# e!aga am!u#ga# Point to @ulti Point 4P:@P6 ka*e#a p6(a *a"a#a a#g me#ga*a) ke ega(a a*a). Da# ka*e#a
p6(a
*a"a#a
a#g
me#ga*a)
ke
ega(a
a*a)
tu(a)
a#gat
memu#gk#ka# a#te#a omnidirectional me#gumpu(ka# #a( (a# " ekta*#a a#g e(a#5ut#a "apat me#e!a!ka# #te*e*e#. ?6#t6) p6(a *a"a pa"a a#te#a a5a# !6( "amate* +0 m
Da* gam!a* p6(a *a"a "ata "apat "()at !a)a p6(a *a"a a#te#a a5a#!6( me#ga*a) ke atu a*a) te*te#tu. I# "e!a!ka# ka*e#a (ee( #a( te*!ea* a"a pa"a aat p6 a#te#a 06. Pa"a p6 te*e!ut a#te#a me#e*ma #a( ea*a makma(. Kemu"a# ketka a#te#a "puta* (ee( #a( a#g "ta#gkap aka# te*u !e*ku*a#g. I# ka*e#a p6
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a#te#a t"ak tepat me#ga*a) pa"a pema#a* "a(am )a( # a"a(a) access point.
Pe#guku*a# >a# U#tuk pe#guku*a# gain makmum a#te#a a5a#!6(
La#gka)(a#gka) u#tuk me#geta)u #(a (ee( #a( a#g "pe*6(e) 6(e) *e(e USB a"apte* a"a(a) e!aga !e*kut ?
Na(aka# (apt6p "a# access point ;u!u#gka# wireless '-B adapter ke ka!e( USB extension
?? ?
;u!u#gka# ka!e( 9*e(eM6# USB extension ke (apt6p a(a#ka# p*6g*am a(a#ka# p*6g*am Net6*k Stum!(e Pe*ka #(a (ee( #a( a#g "te*ma 6(e) ma#gma#g p*6g*am
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ANTENA 'OG PERIODI5
Pe%gertia%
Da(am te(ek6mu#kaC a#te#a (6gpe*6"k LPC 5uga "ke#a( e!aga (6g pe*6"k a**a atau (6g pe*6"k !a(6k a#te#a J u"a*a a"a(a) !*6a"!a#"C mu(te(eme#C
u#"*et6#a(.
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a#te#a
a#g
mem(k
mpe"a# "a# *a"a ka*akte*tk a#g ea*a te*atu* !e*u(a#gu(a#g e!aga u#g (6ga*tma "a* *ekue# ekta. Sa(a) atu k6mp6#e# "p6(eC epe*t (6gpe*6"k "p6(e a**a LPDA. A#te#a (6g pe*6"k "ptaka# 6(e) Dg)t E. I!e((C $am6#" Du)ame( "a# a*a# 6(e) Pau( Mae. U#e*t 6 I((#6 " U*!a#a?)ampag# te(a) "pate#ka# I!e(( "a# Mae?a**e( a#te#a "a# !e*(e# "ea# e!aga e!ua) paket ekk(u u#tuk e(ekt*6#k 'D " Ne -6*k. Tu#tuta# )ukum me#ge#a pate# a#te#a a#g )(a#g UI '6u#"at6#C !e*kem!a#g me#5a" "6kt*# B(6#"e*L"a). P*ee"e# # me#gatu* (tga pate#. Me*upaka# )a( a#g #6*ma( u#tuk me#"6*6#g e(eme# !e*ga#ta# "e#ga# 180 Z *a"a# pe*gee*a# aa "a* atu ama (a#. ;a( # !aa#a "(akuka# "e#ga# me#g)u!u#gka# e(eme#e(eme# #""u u#tuk ka!e( !6(ak a(u*a# t*a#m em!a#g. Pa#5a#g "a# 5a*ak "a* e(eme# a#te#a (6gpe*6"k me##gkatka# (6ga*tm "a* atu u5u#g ke u5u#g. Se!ua) p(6t mpe"a# mauka#
e!aga
u#g
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me#u#5ukka# a*a pe*6"k. Dea# a#te#a # "gu#aka# " ma#a !e*!aga *ekue# "pe*(uka# eme#ta*a ma) mem(k ga# m6"e*at "a# "*et6#a(t. ;a( # ka"a#gka"a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk a#te#a te(e ;' J U;'.
>am!a* 1. A#te#a L6gPe*6"kC 2402+00 M;%
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Sa(a) atu ke(ema)a# utama ke!a#aka# a#te#a $' a"a(a) mem(k !a#""t) a#g *e(at ke(. ;a( # te*utama !e*(aku pa"a a#te#a -ag. Satu "ea# !e*#ama a#te#a (6g pe*6"k mampu me#e"aka# "*ett "a# pe#guata# a#g !a !e*6pe*a pa"a !a#""t) a#g (e!a*. Sea*a k)uu (6g pe*6" "p6(e a**a a"a(a) e* a#g pa(#g !a#ak "gu#aka# "a* a#te##a e5e##a. A#te#a (6g pe*6"k "gu#aka# "a(am e5um(a) ap(ka " ma#a mem!utu)ka# !a#""t) a#g (e!a*. ;a( # 5uga "gu#aka# " ;' "a# U;' u#tuk !e*!aga ap(kaC te*mauk !e!e*apa me#ggu#aka# e!aga a#te#a te(e. Kemampua# (6g pe*6" a**a A#te#a (6g pe*6"k aa(#a "*a#a#g " U#e*t 6 I((#6 " Ame*ka Se*kat pa"a 1:44. e# "eg# a#te##a $' # a"a(a) "*et6#a( "a# !aa#a mampu !e*6pe*a e(ama *e#ta#g *ekue# ekta* 21. A#te#a # mem(k !a#ak keamaa# "e#ga# -ag. Se(a# tu p6(a *a"a a#te#a $' "eg# # tetap ama (ua#a pa"a e(u*u) !a#" 6pe*a. Namu# a mem(k ga# a#g (e!) *e#"a) u#tuk uku*a##a "a*pa"a -ag (e!) k6#e#6#a(. e# a#te#a (6g pe*6" A"a !e!e*apa 6*mat " ma#a a#te#a (6g pe*6"k "apat "*ea(aka#. e# utama "a* a**a (6g pe*6"k te*mauk 1. 2. 3. +. 4.
7g %ag (6g pe*6" a**a T*ape%6"a( (6g pe*6" S(6t (6g pe*6" (6g pe*6" L6g pe*6" "p6(e a**aC LPDA
e# a#g pa(#g !a#ak "gu#aka# a"a(a) L6g pe*6" "p6(e a**aC LPDA. Daa* L6g pe*6" "p6(e a**a -a#g pa(#g umum a"a(a) L6g pe*6" "p6(e a**a pa"a "aa*#a te*"* "a* e5um(a) e(eme# "p6(e. I# me#gu*a#g uku*a# "a* !e(aka#g ke a*a) "epa#. Beam utama "a* a#te#a $' a#g "ata#g "a* "epa# (e!) ke(.
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E(eme# pa"a !aga# !e(aka#g "a* a**a "ma#a e(eme# a#g te*!ea* a"a(a) ete#ga) pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g pa"a *ekue# te*e#"a) 6pe*a. a*ak e(eme# 5uga me#u*u#ka# ke a*a) "epa# "a* a**a " ma#a e(eme# e(eme# te*ke( !e*a"a.
>am!a* 2. Daa* L6g Pe*6" Dp6(e A**a A#te#a L6gPe*6" Dp6(e A**a LPDA a"a(a) a#te#a "*et6#a( a#g mempu#a p6(a *a"a atu a*a). K6mp6#e# "aa* A#te#a L6g Pe*6"k
>am!a* 1 me#u#5ukka# !aga#!aga# "a* e!ua) LPDA tpka(. St*uktu*#a te*"* "a* e5um(a) e(eme# (#ea*C a#g te*pa#5a#g k*ak*a 1J2 H pa#5a#g pa"a *ekue# "ea# te*e#"a). U#u* te*pe#"ek !aa#a ekta* 1J2 H pa#5a#g pa"a *ekue# te*t#gg. 'ee"e* a#te##aC 5uga ea*a "e!ut ae(#eC me#g)u!u#gka# ttkttk puat "a* etap e(eme# pa"a *a#gkaa#C "e#ga# pem!a(ka# ae atau
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*66e* a#ta* etap e(eme#. Se!ua) tu! 5uga e*#g "tam!a)ka# " !e(aka#g e!ua) LPDA. Pe#euaa# mpe"a# mat)#g mpe"a#e a"a(a) uatu upaa u#tuk me#euaka#
mpe"a#
a#te#a
"e#ga#
mpe"a#
ka*akte*tk
a(u*a#.Aga* t*a#e* e#e*g "a* pema#a* ke a#te#a (eat ka!e( "apat !e*(a#gu#g ea*a ee# t"ak a"a e#e*g a#g te*!ua#g atau te*pa#tu(C mpe"a# a#te#a )a*u eua. Eek te*!u*uk "a* mpe"a# a#g t"ak ama a"a(a) tm!u(#a "aa pa#tu( *eXete" p6e* "a* a#te#a. Daa pa#tu( a#g kem!a( ke pema#a* aka# me*uak *a#gkaa# pema#a*. Aga* t"ak te*5a" ke*uaka#C pe*(u "(akuka# pe#euaa# mpe"a# mat)#g mpe"a#e pa"a a#te#a e)#gga eua "e#ga# mpe"a#
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'*ekue# (mt upper 18>;%C lower 3M;% Bandwidth 1,3Q 6* *at6 1 10 Typical Gain ,8 "B P6(a*a (#e* Typical hal( power beamwidth ,0"eg ` 80"eg P6(apa#a* directional
'u#g A#te#a L6g Pe*6"k Dapat "gu#aka# pa"a *ekue# ;' 3–30 M;%C ;' 30–300 M;% "a# U;' 300–3000M;% u#tuk !e*!aga ap(ka te*mauk "gu#aka# e!aga a#te#a te(e "a# $a"6 amat* 3C4/ M;%.V4W A#te#a L6g Pe*6"k 5uga "gu#aka# u#tuk kepe*(ua# m(te* te*utama u#tuk
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pe*6"k
a#g
"gu#aka# u#tuk kepe*(ua# m(te* a"a(a) (6g pe*6"k a#g !eke*5a pa"a ge(6m!a#g ;'. >e(6m!a#g *a"6 ;' !aa#a "gu#aka# u#tuk )u!u#ga# 5a*ak 5au) a#ta* pu(au. De#ga# tem # atu a(u*a# "apat "gu#aka# u#tuk !a#ak pe*akapa# ta#pa a(#g me#gga#ggu. Stem # mem(k 5a#gkaua# a#g (ua )a#a a5a meme*(uka# "aa a#g t#gg "a# ge6met* a#g ukup !ea*.V4W A#te#a L6g Pe*6"k 5uga "gu#aka# u#tuk kepe*(ua# wireless network A#te#a L6g Pe*6"k A#te#a -agU"a A#te#a (6g pe*6" pa"a ke#ataa##a mem(k !a#ak kem*pa# "e#ga# a#te#aagU"aC "a#ta*a#a a"a(a)
Te*"* "a* !a#ak dipole. P6(a*a (#e* Dapat !eke*5a pa"a #a( U;'
Da# a#g mem!e"aka# a#ta*a a#te#a L6g Pe*6"k "e#ga# a#te#a -ag U"a a"a(a)
D*ekttaJGa in a#g "apaa#te#a (6g pe*6" (e!) ke(C a#g !e*a*t
a#te##a -agU"a mem(k ke6kua# (e!) 6ku "a* a#te#a L6g Pe*6"k.
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L6g pe*6" mem(k (e!a* pta ke*5a a#g (e!) (e!a*C e)#gga a#gat !ak u#tuk "gu#aka# u#tuk ap(ka a#g meme*(uka#
Bandwidth a#g (e!) (e!a*. Bea*a# ge6met* pa"a a#te#a (6g pe*6" me#gkut uatu
pe*!a#"#ga# te*te#tu. Le!) u(t mem!uat a#te#a L6g Pe*6"k "!a#"#gka# a#te##a
-ag.
ANTENA 'OG PERIODI(
Pe*a#a#ga# A#te#a Pe#gatu*a# "aa*
"a* (6gpe*6"k
kaat a#te#a ee"e* a#g
a**a a"a(a)
"e#ga# ga* "ua
"tu#5ukka# pa"a >am!a*. 1
!e*ama
"e#ga# ge6met* me#"e#ka# 6*mu(a.
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>am!a* 1. Pe#gatu*a# Daa* "a* L6g Pe*6" A**a Da(am pe*a#a#ga#
a#te#a LPDAC pa#5a#g
e(eme# a#te#a
aka#
"te#tuka# 6(e) #(a akt6* ka(a e"a#gka# pa a#ta* e(eme# "te#tuka# 6(e) #(a b akt6* pa. Da(am pe*a#a#ga# a#te#a (p"a ka( # aa aka# mem!uat "e#ga# *ekue# 400 – 8:0 M;% "a# ga# 8C4 "B. A"a pu(a (a#gka)(a#gka)#a e!aga !e*kut Me#e#tuka# Ba#""t) me#ggu#aka# *ekue# te*t#gg "a# te*#"a) ¿
890 500
= 1,78
U#tuk a#te##a (p"a aa me#ggu#aka# ga# 8C4 "B "a# "euaka# "a* k6#tu* ga# a#te##a (p"a a#g u"a) a"aC #(a akt6* ka(a e!ea* 0C:1 "a# #(a b akt6* pa e!ea* 0C1/.
Me#e#tuka# #(a
4∗0.17
Me#g)tu#g
1 −0.91
/.444444,c !a#""t) " A te
*eg6#
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Me#e#tuka# Ba#""t) t*uktu* a**a
B S= 1.78∗1.57124 = 2.796807
Me#g)tu#g pa#5a#g B66m Le#g)t L #C !a#ak e(eme# N "a# e(eme#t te*pa#5a#g L1 λmax
c fl
¿
3.10 5.10
¿ 0,6
(
¿ 1−
8 8
m
)
1 0.6 7.5555556 × 2.796807 4
¿ 0.728 meter
¿ 1+
log2.796807 1 log 0.91
¿ 11.9
L1 0.4 G HmaG 0.4 G 0., 0.3 mete*
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Me#e#tuka# pa#5a#g a#te#a "p6(e a#g (a#
L2 G L1 0C:1 G 0C3
0C2/3 m
L3 G L2 0C:1 G 0C2/3 0C2+8 m L+ G L3 0C:1 G 0C2+8 0C22, m L4 G L+ 0C:1 G 0C22, 0C204 m L, G L4 0C:1 G 0C204 0C18, m L/ G L, 0C:1 G 0C18, 0C1,: m L8 G L/ 0C:1 G 0.1,: 0.143 m L: G L8 0C:1 G 0C143 0C13: m L10 G L: 0C:1 G 0C13: 0C12, m L11 G L10 0C:1 G 0C12, 0C11+ m L12 G L11 0C:1 G 0C11+ 0C103 m
Me#e#tuka# pa a#ta* e(eme# "1 2 G b G L 1 2 G 0C1/ G 0C3
0C1 m
"2 2 G b G L 2 2 G 0C1/ G 0C2/3 0C0:2 m "3 2 G b G L 3 2 G 0C1/ G 0C2+8 0C08+ m "+ 2 G b G L + 2 G 0C1/ G 0C22, 0C0/, m "4 2 G b G L 4 2 G 0C1/ G 0C204 0C0,: m ", 2 G b G L , 2 G 0C1/ G 0C18, 0C0,3 m "/ 2 G b G L / 2 G 0C1/ G 0C1,: 0.04/ m
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"8 2 G b G L 8 2 G 0C1/ G 0C143 0.042 m ": 2 G b G L : 2 G 0C1/ G 0C13: 0.0+/ m "10 2 G b G L10 2 G 0C1/ G 0C12, 0.0+2m "11 2 G b G L11 2 G 0C1/ G 0C11+ 0.038 m
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ANTENNA -I5ONI5A'
A#te#a Biconical merupakan sebuah a#te#a a#g mem(k !e#tuk a#g te*"* "a* 2 !ua) ke*uutC a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk me#a#gkap #a( U;' T. A#te#a # mem(k p6(a *a"a epe*t k66*"#at !6(a.
A#te#a B6#a( te*mauk !*6a"!a#" a#te#aC atu a#te#a a#g !eke*5a pa"a *a#ge *ekue# t#gg. A#te#a !6#a( te*uu# "a* 2 kata "aa* atu ! "a# 6#a(. Kata bi !e*a*t "ua "a# conical a#g !e*aa( "a* 6#e a#g !e*a*t ke*uut. O(e) ka*e#a tuC a#te#a !6#a( a"a(a) a#te#a !*6a"!a#" a#g mem(k 2 ke*uut e!aga tempat u#tuk me#a#gkap #a(. P6(a *a"a a#te#a !6#a( a"a(a) 6m#"*et6#a(. Da(am ke#ataa##aC a#te#a # "apat "gu#aka# u#tuk me#e*ma #a( T a#g !e*a"a pa"a *a#ge U;'U(t*a ;g) '*e&ue#. A#te#a !6#a( "apat te*uu# "a* !a)a# a#g 6("C !a)a# meta( "a# "a* *e.
>am!a*gam!a* A#te##a !6##a(
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$E'LEKTO$ SUDUT :0Z Da(am )a( # "gu#aka# *eXekt6* u"ut :0 "e*a5at C ka*e#a ka*akte*tk *a"a#a a#gat me#a*kC e)#gga me#5a" a#gat p6pu(e*C e(a# tu *eXekt6* u"ut te*e!ut "gu#aka# u#tuk 6ptma pe#e*maa# #a( T.
A#te#a Biconical disertai re*ektor sudut A< u#tuk me#"apatka# p6(a *a" a#g te*aa*a) "*et6#a(.
Pe*a#a#ga# A#te#a Biconical
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U#tuk me*a#a#g a#te#a Biconical, a"a !e!e*apa a#g )a*u "te#tuka# te*(e!) "u(uCatu Pa#5a#g ke*uut ( "a# "amete* ma#g – ma#g ke*uut Me#e#tuka# pa#5a#g ma#g – ma#g ke*uut Da* *umu 2 3 "a# 2 +C u#tuk me#a* pa#5a#g ke*uutC maka te*(e!) "a)u(u )a*u me#e#tuka# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g#aC "e#ga# 3 G 108 mJ "a# *ekue# U;' 400 M;%C e)#gga Pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g a#g ""apat
Pa#5a#g t6ta( ke*uut
Pa#5a#g ma#g – ma#g ke*uut
Bea* u"ut "a#
Pa#5a#g "amete*
pa"a ma#g – ma#g ke*uut
Be*"aa*ka# te6*C !a)a !ea* u"ut a pa"a a#te#a Biconical a"a(a) ,0Z. Kemu"a# u#tuk *umu pa"a pe*amaa# 2 – 4 "a# 2 ,C maka aka# ""apatka# pa#5a#g 5a* – 5a* "a# "amete* ke*uut e!aga !e*kut 5a* – 5a* * # 30Z G 14 /C4 m "amete* G t#gg t
2* 2 G /C4 14 m 6 30Z G 14 12C: m
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a*ak a#ta*a 2 ke*uut Pa"a a#te#a Biconical
te*"apat 2 !ua) ke*uutC "ma#a 5a*ak a#ta* 2
ke*uut te*e!ut ""apatka# !e*"aa*ka# *umua# " !aa) #
Se)#gga "am!( #(a " 1 m
$eXekt6* Su"ut Pe*)tu#ga# *eXekt6* u"ut V1W # ""aa*ka# pa"a pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g C "e#ga# *ekue# +40 M;%.
Dea# e!aga aua#
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Da* gam!a* *eXekt6* u"utC aka# ")tu#g *a6 pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g
C
"e#ga# *ekue# +40 M;% )a#a e!aga aua# u#tuk me#"apatka# uku*a# e!e#a*#aC e)#gga mempe*mu"a) u#tuk mem!uat a#te#a Biconical. Maka
Dea# pa"a *ekue# e#te* Kemu"a#
"a*
aua#
pe*)tu#ga#C
maka
aka#
"!uat
*eXet6*
eu#ggu)#a pa"a a#te#a BiconicalC "e#ga# uku*a# e!aga !e*kut
Se)#gga gam!a*a# *eXekt6* u"ut e! e#a*#a
a#g "!uat u#tuk
a#te#a Biconical a"a(a) e!aga !e*kut
?6#t6) )a( pe#guku*a# A#te##a B6#a(
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Page 122
ANTENA 2ORN SE5TORA' -IDANG = 2
e#e# A#te#a ;6*#
P*am"a( )6*# Set6*a( )6*# ?6#a( )6*# EGp6#e#ta( )6*# Da# ma) !a#ak (ag
A#te#a ;6*# me*upaka# a(a) atu a#te#a microwave a#g "gu#aka# ea*a (uaC A#te#a ;6*# !a#ak "paka e!aga pema#a* u#tuk ate(t "a# pe*a(ata# k6mu#ka " e(u*u) "u#a Pe#ggu#aa# a#g (ua me*upaka# pe#ga*u) "a* kemu"a)a# pem!uata# a#te#a ;6*# "a# kekuata# ga# a#g !ea* e*ta kemampua# "aa t6ta( "a(am mema#a*ka# ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk e)#gga a#te#a ;6*# # !a#ak "paka. ENIS ANTENA ;O$N SEKTO$AL
EP(a#e Set6*a( ;6*#
;P(a#e Set6*a( ;6*#
DE'INISI ;PLANE SE?TO$AL ;O$N ANTENA
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A#te#a # me*upaka# a#te#a e(a) ape*tu*e a#te##a a#g mu(ut#a me(e!a* ke a*a) !"a#g mag#et ; "e#ga# !e*"aa*ka# a(u*a# pa#"u ge(6m!a#g pe*eg *eta#gu(a* aegu"e. De#ga# me#ggu#aka# a#te#a )6*# #C maka ge(6m!a#g #a( a#g "pa#a*ka# aka# me*u##g epa#5a#g !"a#g me"a# mag#et "a# e"kt me(e!a* epa#5a#g !"a#g me"a# (t*k. BA;AN
Ba)a# A(um#um Ba)a# Se#g Ba)a# Tem!aga
>EOMET$I ANTENA ;O$N BIDAN>;
KONDUKTIITAS BA;AN
DI$E?TIITD*ektta kete*a*a)a# me"a# (t*k a"a(a) pa*amete* a#te#a a#gat pe#t#g
"paka
u#tuk
me#e#tuka#
pe#amp(a#
uatu
a#te#a.
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Ka*akte*tk "a* a#te#a ;6*# Sekt6*a(; a"a(a) ketka u"ut pe(e!a*a# emak# me##gkatC "*ektta a#te#a ;6*# Sekt6*a( B"a#g; 5uga emak# me##gkat )#ggame#apa #(a maximum. #an ketika melewati #(a maximum maka nilai direktivitas akan me#u*u#.
>AIN >a# "a* a#te#a )6*# makma( a"a(a) 24 "BC "a# pa"a umum#a !e*ka* " 10 20 "B
E''ISIENSI ANTENA
POLA$ISASI Saat a#te#a )6*# !e*a"a pa"a p6 )6*6#ta( "a# me"a# (t*k E e5a5a* te*)a"ap pe*mukaa# !umJta#a) te*#ata a#te#a (e!) eekt me#a#gkap ge(6m!a#g e)#gga p6(a*a # "#amaka# p6(a*a )6*6#ta(. Da# e!a(k#a aat a#te#a )6*# !e*a"a pa"a p6 e*tka(
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"a# me"a# (t*k E tegak (u*u te*)a"ap pe*mukaa# !umJta#a) te*#ata a#te#a (e!) eekt me#a#gkap ge(6m!a#g e)#gga p6(a*a # "#amaka# p6(a*a e*tka(.
POLA $ADIASI
A%mut
Ba)a# A(um#um
Ba)a# Se#g
Ba)a# Tem!aga
E(ea
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A#te##a ;6*# "g6(6#gka# e!aga a#te##a "*et6#a( a#g mema#a* "e#ga# pe#ga*a)a#. De#ga# d ku*a#g (e!) :0 "e*a5at e(ea "a# ku*a#g (e!) +4 "e*a5at a%mut BAND9IDT; A#te#a )6*# ea*a umum mem(k !a#""t) a#g *e(at !ea*. Baa#a "6pe*aka# pa"a *ekue# 1 >;% Sampa 20 >;% APLIKASI A#te#a >e6 " kapa(
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ANTENA 2ORN SE5TORA' -IDANG = E
DE'INISI A#te#a )6*# ekt6*a( !"a#gE a"a(a) a#te##a )6*# !e*!e#tuk pe*eg a#g ma#a mu(ut "a* a#te#a # me(e!a* ke a*a) me"a# (t*k#a E. Dme# pe(e!a*a# # "#ataka# "e#ga# ! 1. A#te#a # "atu 6(e) a(u*a# pa#"u ge(6m!a#g pe*eg rectangular waveguide "e#ga# "me# pe#ampa#g a G ! a pa#5a#g pe#ampa#gf ! (e!a* pe#ampa#g.
>am!a* 1. A#te#a ;6*# Sekt6*a( B"a#gE Dme# "a* !"a#g me"a# mag#et ama "e#ga# pa#5a#g pe#ampa#g a(u*a# pa#"u ge(6m!a#g pe#atu#aC atu a. a*ak $ "uku* "a* *tua( apeG "a* )6*# ke !"a#g ape*tu*e#a.
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>am!a* 2. >e6met* A#te#a ;6*# Sekt6*a( B"a#gE POLA $ADIASI P6(a *a"a uatu a#te#a ""e#ka# e!aga uatu pe*#ataa# ea*a g*a a#g me#ggam!a*ka# at *a"a uatu a#te#a pa"a me"a# 5au) e!aga# u#g "a* a*a) tu a"a(a) p6#t#g ekt6*C maka a "e!ut e!aga P6(a Daa Power Pattern.
>am!a* 3. P6(a $a"a A#te#a ;6*# De#ga# me()at p6(a *a"a#aC a#te#a ;6*# "g6(6#gka# e!aga a#te##a directional a#g mema#a* "e#ga# pe#ga*a)a#. PEN>UKU$AN >AIN Pa"a
pe#guku*a#
gain
"pe*(uka#
a#te#a
ta#"a*
u#tuk
mem!a#"#gka##a. Sekt6*a( !"a#gE ama epe*t pe#guku*a# p6(a *a"aC )a( pe#guku*a# te*t#gg aka# "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# a#te#a ta#"a*. U#tuk me#g)tu#g ga# pa"a pe#guku*a# "apat me#ggu#aka# *umu !e*kut >t"B Pt"Bm – P"Bm >"B #C1D$TC0CT3 #irectivity uatu a#te#a "apat "pe*k*aka# "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# p6(a *a"a a#g ")a(ka# pa"a pe#guku*a# p6(a *a"a !"a#gE "a#
!"a#g;. Su"ut te*e!ut "apat "a* "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# gam!a* p6(a *a"a. De#ga# me#a#"a ttk 3"B pa"a p6(a *a"a kemu"a# me#a*k u"ut pa"a ttk te*e!ut.
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>am!a* +. D*ektta "a* a#te#a )6*# ekt6*a( !"a#gE !e*"aa*ka# "me##a Pe*amaa# u#tuk me#g)tu#g directivity "apat me#ggu#aka# *umu D=
41253 H E
"ma#a h; u"ut pa"a ttk ete#ga) "aa !"a#g; *a"a# hE u"ut pa"a ttk ete#ga) "aa !"a#gE *a"a# E'ISIENSI Pe*)tu#ga# ee# a#te#a "apat ")a(ka# "e#ga# mem!a#"#gka# gain pa"a a#te#a "a# directivity. Pe*amaa# u#tuk me#g)tu#g ee#
"apat me#ggu#aka# *umu e=
G D
x 100
Kete*a#ga# e
Ee#
>
>a#
D
D*ett
APLIKASI
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A#te#a )6*# me*upaka# a#te#a a#g pa(#g !a#ak "paka "a(am tem k6mu#ka ge(6m!a#g mk*6 ka*e#a mempu#a ga# a#g t#ggC S9$ a#g *e#"a)C (e!a* pta !a#""t) a#g *e(at !ea*C t"ak !e*atC "a# mu"a) "!uat. A#te#a )6*# "gu#aka# ea*a (uaC "a#ta*a#a 1. Se!aga e(eme# pe#e*ma u#tuk *a"6 at*6#6m 2. T*ak#g ate(t 3. Se!aga pe#atu pa"a *eXekt6* a#te#a pa*a!6(a. e# a#te#a )6*# a#g e*#g "paka "a(am p*aktek a"a(a) a#te#a )6*# p*am"a. ;6*# "apat "a#ggap e!aga !um!u#g pa#"u ge(6m!a#g a#g "!e#ta#gka# e)#gga ge(6m!a#gge(6m!a#g " "a(am pa#"u te*e!ut me#e!a* me#u*ut uatu 6*"e te*te#tu "a# aka# me#g)a(ka# uatu "t*!u me"a# me(a(u mu(ut )6*# e)#gga "apat "a#ggap e!aga um!e* *a"a a#g me#g)a(ka# "t*!u me"a# me(a(u uatu (uaa# ta#gkap. Amp(tu"6 "a# ae me"a# pa"a !"a#g mu(ut )6*# te*ga#tu#g pa"a 5e# "a# m6"e ge(6m!a#g atu a#g mauk ke )6*# me(a(u pa#"u ge(6m!a#g "a# te*ga#tu#g pa"a atat )6*#.
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ANTENA 2ORN P7RA+IDA'
A#te#a ;6*# P*am"a me*upaka# a#te#a a#g !aa#a "paka "a(am tem
te(ek6mu#ka
ge(6m!a#g
mk*6.
me*upaka# a#te#a e(a) ape *tu*e a#te##a
A#te#a
)6*#
p*am"a
!e*!a a(u*a# pa#"u
ge(6m!a#g pe*eg *eta#g(e aegu"eC e"a#gka# mu(ut#a me(e!a* ke a*a) !"a#g me"a# (t*k E "a# !"a#g me"a# mag#et ;C e)#gga !e#tuk ak)* a#te#a # me#e*upa p*am"a
>a# >a# directive gain a"a(a) ka*akte* a#te#a a#g te*kat "e#ga# kemampua# a#te#a me#ga*a)ka# *a"a #a(#aC atau pe#e*maa# #a( "a* a*a) te*te#tu. A#te#a )6*# p*am"a mempu#a ga# a#g t#gg. De#ga# ga# a#g t#gg mem(k keu#tu#ga# atu 5a#gkaua#
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a#g (e!) pa#5a#g "a# kua(ta a#g (e!) !ak. >a# )6*# p*am"a( a#ta* + ampa 10 "B Ba#""t) Ba#""t) a"a(a) (ua atau (e!a* akupa# *ekue# a#g "gu#aka# 6(e) #a( "a(am me"um t*a#m. Da(am ke*a#gka #C Ba#""t) "apat "a*tka# e!aga pe*!e"aa# a#ta*a k6mp6#e# #a( *ekue# t#gg "a# #a( *ekue# *e#"a). Ba#""t) )6*# p*am"a( ekta* 33Q P6(a*a P6(a*a a#te#a a"a(a) a*a) me"a# (t*k a#g "*a"aka# 6(e) a#te#a. A#te#a p*am"a( )6*# mem(k p6(a *a"a (#e*. P6(a*a (#e* te*5a" 5ka uatu ge(6m!a#g a#g !e*u!a) me#u*ut aktu pa"a uatu ttk " *ua#g mem(k ekt6* me"a# e(ekt*k mag#et pa"a ttk te*e!ut e(a(u !e*6*e#ta pa"a ga* (u*u a#g ama pa"a etap aktu.
D*ektta D*ektta atau pe#ga*a)a# a"a(a) a(a) atu pa*amete* a#g "paka u#tuk me#e#tuka# pe*6*ma# "a* uatu a#te#a )6*# p*am"a. Pe#e#tua# #(a "*ektta "mu(a "e#ga# memaukka# #(a "me# "me# a#te#a )6*#. U#tuk a#te#a )6*# p*am"aC "apat "!e#tuk "a* "ua a#te#a )6*# C atu a#te#a )6*# ekt6*a( !"a#g E "a# !"a#g ;. ;a*ga "*ektta#a D !e*!a#"#g (u*u "e#ga# "*ektta *a"a ma#gma#g a#te#a )6*# ekt6*a( te*e!ut. Pe*6*ma# a#te#a )6*# p*am"a "apat "uku* "a* #(a "*ektta atau pe#ga*a)a##aC emak# t#gg #(a "*ekttaC maka pe*6*ma# a#te#a te*e!ut emak# !ak. N(a "*ektta "te#tuka# 6(e) uku*a# "me# a#te#a.
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P6(a $a"a P6(a *a"a atau p6(a a#te#a me#ggam!a*ka# kekuata# *e(at me"a# a#g "pa#a*ka# " !e*!aga a*a) "a* a#te#aC pa"a 5a*ak a#g k6#ta#. P6(a *a"a a"a(a) p6(a pe#e*maa# 5ugaC ka*e#a p6(a *a"a te*e!ut 5uga
me#ggam!a*ka#
ka*akte*tk
me#e*ma a#te#a. P6(a *a"a
p*am"a( a#te#a a"a(a) p6(a "*et6#a(. P6(a "*et6#a( a"a(a) p6(a pema#a*a# #a( "e#ga# atu a*a) te*te#tu.
P6(a *a"a a#te#a ;6*# P*am"a( pa"a "ua k6#"C atu p6(a *a"a !"a#g E "a# !"a#g ; "apat "keta)u !a)a *a"a makmum a#te#a ;6*# P*am"a( te*5a" pa"a aat p6 0Z. ;a( # "e!a!ka# ka*e#a (ee( #a( te*!ea* !e*a"a pa"a aat p6 a#te#a 0Z "ma#a pa"a p6 # a#te#a ;6*# P*am"a( meg)a"ap (u*u e5a5a* "e#ga# a#te#a pema#a* "a(am )a( # a"a(a) cccess Point. Aplikasi a%te%a hor% pira&idal
$a"6 at*6#6m Pe#gu5a# a#te#a T*ak#g ate(t Pe#atu pa"a *eXekt6* a#te#a pa*a!6(a
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ANTENA 2ORN 5ONI5A'
A#te#a ;6*# K6#ka( me*upaka# a#te#a e(a) ape*tu*e a##te#a !e*!a a(u*a# pa#"u ge(6m!a#g (#gka*a# *u(a* aegu"e "e#ga# !e#tuk ak)* a#te#a # me#e*upa
>am!a* 1. A#te#a ;6*# ?6#a(
ke*uutC
a#g
mu(ut#a me(e!a* kea*a) !"a#g me"a#(t*k E "a# !"a#g mag#et ;. A#te#a )6*# 6#a( me*upaka# a#te#a a#g pa(#g !a#ak "paka "a(am tem k6mu#ka ge(6m!a#g mk*6 ka*e#a mempu#a ga# a#g t#ggC S9$ a#g *e#"a)C (e!a* pta !a#""t) a#g *e(at !ea*C t"ak A#te#a
!e*atC )6*#
6#a(
"a# me*upaka#
mu"a) 5e#
(a#
"!uat.
a#te##a
m*6ae.
Pe*!e"aa##a te*(etak pa"a ee" "a* a#te#a )6*# 6#a( # !e*!e#tuk me(#gka* e"a#gaka# pa"a a#te#a )6*# p*am"a( e#"* ee"#a !e*!e#tuk
k6tak.
A#te#a )6*# 6#a( !e*tpe a#te#a ape*tu*e a#te#a e(a) a#g !e*a*t a#gat !e*gu#a u#tuk ap(ka pa"a peaat te*!a#g "a# ke#"a*aa# (ua* a#gkaa. A#te##a ape*tu*e me*upaka# uatu a#te#a a#g mempu#a t*uktu* !e*upa uatu (uaa# a#g "(a(u ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk. K6#ep "a* ape*tu*e "tu#5ukka# a#gat e"e*)a#aC atu "e#ga# mempe*tm!a#gka# uatu a#te#a pe#e*ma. A#"akata !a)a a#te#a pe#e*ma a"a(a) uatu )6*# e(ekt*6mag#etk a#g "!e#amka# ""a(am me"a#
"a*
uatu
ge(6m!a#g
"ata*
e*!a
ama.
(arakteristik
P6(a*a"a P6(a *a"a "a* a#te#a )6*# k6#ka( a"a(a) "*et6#a(. A#te#a # !aa
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"gu#aka# u#tuk k6mu#ka p6#t t6 p6#t. a" a#ta*a pe#g*m "a# pe#e*ma )a*u ega*. >am!a* p6(a *a"a "a* a#te#a )6*# k6#ka( epe*t " amp#g #
>am!a* 2. P6(a *a"a A#te#a ;6*# ?6#a( "a(am
Be#tuk "e (6!e (ee( "a* a#te#a )6*# k6#ka( *e(at a#gat ke( me#"ekat #6( "a# mu"a) u#tuk me#gatu* pe#euaa# mpe"a#.
D*ektta D*ektta a"a(a) kemampua# a#te#a u#tuk memuatka# e#e*g " a*a) a#g
te*te#tu
eaktu mema#a*ka#C >am!a* +. >e6met* A#te#a ;6*# ?6#a(
u#tuk
atau
me#e*ma
e#e*g "a* a*a) a#g te*te#tu me#e*ma.
eaktu
D*ektta
"a*
a#te#a ;6*# K6#ka( >am!a* 4. D*ektta A#te#a ;6*# ?6#a(
!e*"aa*ka# "me##a
"apat
"tu#5ukka# pa"a gam!a* "!aa) #C "ma#a uatu "*ektta aka# 6ptmum ketka )6*# ape*tu*e "m a"a(a) k6#ta# "a# pa#5a#g a#te##a L a"a(a) tak te*)#gga !e*a*aC e*ta u"ut i a#g ama "e#ga# #6(. Pa"a gam!a* "ataC te*()at !a)a ka*akte*tk ;6*# K6#ka( m*p "e#ga# )6*# p*am"a( atau )6*# ekt6*a(. Ketka u"ut pe(e!a*a# emak# me##gkatC "*ek*ta a#te#a ;6*# K6#ka( 5uga emak# me##gkat )#gga me#apa #(a makmum. Da# ketka me(eat #(a makmum maka #(a >am!a* 3. P6(a *a"a
"*ektta aka# me#u*u#. D # "*ektta
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6ptmum
"apat
D*ektta
"apat
te*()at.
")tu#g
"e#ga#
a*a
Dma#a ?
ke((#g
L
(#gka*a#
H
D*ektta
"apat
ape*tu*e
a#gka
k6*ek
pa#5a#g ")tu#g
"e#ga#
ge(6m!a#g pe#guku*a#
Dma#a
j;P u"ut pa"a ttk ete#ga) "aa !"a#g ;P u"ut pa"a ttk ete#ga) "aa !"a#g E "e*a5at
;
"e*a5at
>a# Mem(k ga# ampa "e#ga# 24 "BC "a# pa"a umum#a !e*ka* 10 20 "B.
" ma#aC a"a(a) (ua ape*tu*eC d a"a(a) "amete* ape*tu*e "a*
ta#"uk !e*!e#tuk ke*uut
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+ a"a(a) pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g C ea"a(a) pa*amete* !e*"me# a#ta*a 0 "a# 1 "e!ut efsiensi aperture
Ba#"t) Mem(k ga# ampa "e#ga# 24 "BC "a# pa"a umum#a !e*ka* 10 20 "B. >am!a* 4. Deg# A#te#a ;6*#
'*ekue# Ke*5a A#te##a )6*# 6#a( !aak "gu#aka# pa"a U;' "a# *ekue# m*6ae " ata 300 M;%. Pe*a#a#ga# a#te#a )6*# k6#ka(
kete*a#ga# L
i
5a*ak
"a*
*tua(
apeG
ke
!"a#g
u"ut
"m "amete* !"a#g " "amete* pe#ampa#g *u(a* aegu"e
apa*atu*e pe(e!a*a# apa*atu*e
Pe#e*apa# 1adar gun 4alat pendeteksi kecepatan kendaraan6
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Se!aga ata#"a*" ka(!*a u#tuk pe#guku*a# ga# "a* a#te##a (a#. Pe#e*ma Sate(t e!aga ee" "a* pa*a!6(a
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ANTENA RIDGED 2ORN
PE$KEMBAN>AN ANTENA ;O$N Pe#5e(aa# ANTENNA $ID>ED ;O$N Se!ua) ta#"uk p*am"a "e#ga# pu#ggu#g atau *p a#g me(ekat pa"a !aga# "a(am ta#"ukC mempe*(ua " te#ga)te#ga) . Setappu#ggu#g me#u*u#ka# *ekue# ut6^C "a#me##gkatka# !a#""t) a#te#a. Pe*kem!a#ga#
a#te##a
)6*#
k6#e6#a(mem(kkete*!ataa#
"e!a!ka#ka*e#a !a#""t).
a#te##a Se(a#tu
)6*# pa*a
pe#e(t#g#me#a* a#te##a a#g !*6a"!a#"C u(t*a "e !a#"C "a# a#te##a
a#g
mem(k
ga#
atu"a*m6"katua"a(a)pe#am!a)a# memuat
aegu"e
a#g *"ge
t#gg. )6*#.
Sa(a)
?e#t*a(
"a#tu!e*ma#aatu#tukme##gkatka#
$"ge
!a#""t)
"e#ga#me#u*u#ka# *e&ue# ut6^ "a* m6"e "6m#a#. A#te#a *"ge" )6*# "apat "!ag me#5a" "ua !aga# 9aegu"e &ua"*up(e!e*ge*g pe*eg "a# p*#g k6*(et a#g te*(etak " !aga# !e(aka#g 9aegu"e. =UAD $ID>ED ;O$N 9aegu"e &ua"*up(e!e*ge*g a"a(a) pe*eg a#g a*at "e#ga# empat pu#ggu#g "a* "ua p6(a*a 6*t6g6#a(. Be#tuk"a* a#te##a *"ge )6*#
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=ua"*"ge&ua*e aegu"e "apatme#g)a(ka# "ua( 6*t)6g6#a( (#ea* p6(a*%at6# "e#ga#me#ggu#aka# "ua( 6aGa( ee" "a(am *"ge#a P6(a$a"a =ua" *"ge" )6*# a#te##a
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>am!a*. 1, " ma#a 5e(a !a)a p6(a*aga#"a"a# p*#ga# " !aga# !e(aka#g 9aegu"e !e(um mem!uat pe*u!a)a# g#ka# te*)a"ap e(" patte*# "a(am a#te#a )6*# aegu"e "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# a#te##a )6*# k6#e#6#a(.
>am!a* 1/ me#u#5ukka# keu#tu#ga# mu(a a#te#a )6*# u#tuk !e*!aga *ekue#. ;a(#a me#u#5ukka# !a)a keu#tu#ga# u#tuk t)eta 0
◦
)amp* k6#ta# "e#ga# !a#""t)C 10C413 "BC "a# #(a pu#ak te*5a" ekta* puat *ekue# !a#". Se(a#5ut#aC "temuka# "a* mu(aga#
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"a# *a"a )a( p6(a a#g )amp* ama u#tuk ke"ua p6(a*a )6*%6#ta( "a# e*tka(. 6uad ridged hor% a%te%%a ter$uat dari sepuluh ke"ilwa#eguides setiap keti% ia% a% $er$eda>
'*e&ue# ut6^ "apat "tu*u#ka# "e#ga# me#empatka# mate*a( "e(et* "a(am aegu"e.Tap # t"ak me##gkatka# !a#""t) !a)ka# "apat me#e!a!ka# (6e a#g me##gkat. De#ga# mem!uat tuktu* "6u!(e *"ge "a* aegu"e "a(am p*am"a( )6*# pe#ggu#aa# !a#"t"t) "a* )6*# "apat "t#gkatka# !e*(pat(pat. Dma#a "6u!(e *"ge te*e!ut me#ggu#aka# 6aGa( ee" "a# "(etaka# mem6t6#g a(a) atu !aga#"a* *"ge. D6u!(e *"ge 5uga me#g)a(ka# #g(e p6(a*%at6# DOUBLE $ID>ED ;O$N
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D6u!(e *"ge" )6*# me*upaka#a#te#a !*6a"!a#" a#g me#aa*ka# k#e*5a a#g a#gat !ak e(ama *e#ta#g *ekue# 1 >;% ampa 18 >;%. A#te#a#me#g)a(ka# me"a# (t*k t#gg a#g "pe*(uka# u#tuk te*pa#a* keke!a(a# "a# em pe#guku*a# "a# ka(!*a a#te#a.
Ta%duk i%i dira%"a%g de%ga% &e%ggu%aka% +; Studio3 paket ko&ersial $erdasarka% tek%ik (o%sep $aru ga%da $ergerigi1pa%dua% ta%duk 9DRG2: di$awa ke ti%gkat ya%g le$ih ti%ggi dari ?eksi$ilitas de%ga%
Se!ua) a#te#a "ua(te*p6(a*a "apat me#guku* ke"ua k6mp6#e# !"a#g 6*t6g6#a( ea*a !e*amaa#C a#g memu#gk#ka# ##u* atau tek# u#tuk me#guku* p6(a 3D "e#ga# memuta* a#te#a a#g "u5 AUT !ak a%mut) "a# e(ea.
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Pa*amete* a#te#a "e#ga# p6(a *a"a >am!a* 4 u#tuk 1 >;%
Pe#guku*a# a#te#a 3D a"a(a) *a6 kekuata# e!e#a*#a te*pa#a* "e#ga# "aa "maukka# ke "a(am te*m#a( a#te#a. 80Q Amp(tu"e M6"u(at6# mem!utu)ka# tega#ga# 1C8 ka( (e!) t#ggC e)#gga "aa 3.2+ ka( (e!) t#gg "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# . Pe##gkata# kekuata# me"a# akt6* 10 mem!utu)ka# 100 ka( amp(e* "aa. @odel ntena 1idged !orn
M6"e( Ta#"ukDe#ga#SP(atk
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+odel i%i diatur u%tuk &e&iliki sisi %o%1 loga& de%ga% per&iti#itas relatif )3@3 klai& produse% u%tuk plastik polikar$o%at> Ga&$ar
M6"e( Ta#"ukTa#pap(at
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Se$uah ?a%ge dita&$ahka% ke ro%gga pada ta%duk> Tujua% dari ?a%ge i%i adalah u%tuk &ela&pirka% ta%duk pada perisai dari rua%g a%e"hoi" de%ga%tujua%&e%jaga ka$el luar ka%da%g
>am!a* / me#u#5ukka# S9$ u#tuk p6*t ")tu#g "a# u#tuk p6*t a#te#a p*6t6tpe ta#pa .
Setap !aga# "a* a#te##a
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Baga# "a* a#te##a *"ge" )6*#
P6(ete* meta(( mate*a( >*6u#"e" *e I#u(at#g p(ate N(6# *e ?6aGa(t6t*p(#e t*a#t6#
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ANTENA P RI+E .O5,S
Pa*a!6(a a"a(a) e!ua) a#te#a !e*"aa 5a#gkau t#gg a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk k6mu#ka *a"6C te(e "a# "ata "a# 5uga u#tuk *a"6(6at6# $ADA$C !eke*5a pa"a *ekue# U;' "a# S;'. Pa*a!6(a mem(k at pa*a!6(6"C at pa*a!6(6" # ama epe*t at atau ka*akte*tk "a* e*m# eku#g "ma#a #a* "ata#g e5a5a* "e#ga# um!u utama aka# "pa#tu(ka# me(a(u ttk 6ku.
>am!a* 1. Sat Pa*a!6(6" Pa*a!6(a mem(k 2 tpeC '6ku Utama P*me '6u "a# O^et. P*me 6u a"a(a) pa*a!6(a "e#ga# p6 ttk 6ku a#g te*"apat pa"a ttk puat J "6t e#te* pa*a!6(aC e"a#gka# 6^et 6ku a"a(a) ttk 6ku a#g te*(etak pa"a !aga# (a# "a* e#te* pa*a!6(a.
>am!a* 2. Pa*a!6(a '6ku Utama "a# O^et
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Pa"a tpe p*me 6uC #a( a#g "te*ma "a* ate(t "pa#tu(ka# 6(e) *eXekt6* pa*a!6(6"
"a#
(a#gu#g
"te*ma 6(e)
ee"
)6*#
a#g
"(etakka# tepat pa"a ttk 6ku. Se!a(k#a #a( a#g "pa#a*ka# "a* ee" )6*# (a#gu#g "pa#tu(ka# 6(e) *eXekt6* me#u5u ate(t.
>am!a* 3. P*#p pema#a*a# ge(6m!a#g pa"a P*me '6u Pa"a pa*a!6(a P*me '6u mem(k p6(a*a *u(a*C e*ta p6(a *a"a a#g #ampak epe*t gam!a* !e*kut
>am!a* +. P6(a*a ?*u(a*
>am!a* 4. P6(a $a"a pa*a!6(a
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Ke(e!)a#
P*me
'6u
Be#tuk a#gat e"e*)a#aC Ka*e#a at#a #C tepat "paka u#tuk tau# !um a#g t*a#p6*ta!(e "e#ga# >JT a#g ke( a#g me#e!a!ka# eee##a *e(ate (e!) !agu. Ke(ema)a# P*me '6u Mempu#a tem #6e a#g *e(ate t#gg te*utama pa"a u"ut e(ea a#g t#ggC ka*e#a pa#a*a# "a* ["e (6!e\ p*ma* ee"#a me#u5u !um a#g pa#a. T*a#m (#e a#ta*a pe#e*ma "a# a#te##a me#5a" pa#5a#gC e)#gga ke)(a#ga# a#g "ak!atka##a !ea*. $e(at u(t "a(am pe#gatu*a# OMT #a maka )a#a p*akt ampa "e#ga# uku*a# "amete* +C4 mete* a5a.
Pa*a!6(a p*me 6u "a# 6^et mem(k t*uktu* utama a#g ama atu $eXet6* "a# LNB'. $eXet6* a"a(a) !aga# pa*a!6(a epe*t e*m# eku#g a#g mema#tu(ka# ge(6m!a#g #a( pa"a LNB'. Se"a#gka# LNB' L6 N6e B(6k ?6#e*te* 'ee"C !e*u#g u#tuk me#e*ma #a( "a* *eXet6*C me#ga*a)ka# u"ut p6(a*a pe#e*maa# "a# me#akka# kekuata# #a( ga# e*ta me#eka# #6e.
>am!a* ,. $eXet6* Pa*a!6(a
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>am!a* /. L6 N6e B(6k ?6#e*te* – 'ee" LNB' Sea*a *a#gkaa# e(ekt*6#k 5e# LNB p*me 6ku "a# 6^et 6ku a"a(a) ama. Pe*!e"aa##a )a#a te*(etak pa"a Sa(a* *#g LN tu e#"*. LNB p*me 6ku mem(k Sa(a* *#g a#g "ata*C #amu# pa"a 6^et 6ku me#ggu#aka# a(a* *#g a#g me#ge*uut atau a#g e*#g "e!ut ?6#a( a(a* *#g. Be!e*apa pe*a#gkat u#tuk mem!a#gu# e!ua) Pa*a!6(a a"a(a)
Ta#g Utama pe#a#gga A#te#a Pa*a!6(a
$eXet6*
LNB'
?(amp 'ee";6*#
Sta#" 'ee";6*#
Bakp(a#e D)
A#g(e Mete*
U#tuk pemaa#ga# pa*a!6(a )a*u mempe*)atka# a*a) ge*ak pa*a!6(a "a# )a*u (6(6 pa#"a#g t"ak a"a 6!5ek a#g me#g)a(a#g a*a) pa*a!6(a. -a#g )a*u "pe*)atka# "a(am a*a) ge*ak pa*a!6(a a"a(a) e!aga !e*kut A%mut) 0 " 3,0 "e*a5at Su"ut a*a) a#te#a *e(at te*)a"ap a*a) uta*a pa"a !"a#g me#"ata*.
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Uta*a "atat pa"a 0C0 "e*a5at. Pe*ge*aka# ea*a) 5a*um 5am !e*#(a p6t "a# !e*(aa#a# 5a*um 5am #egat . E(ea 0 " :0 "e*a5at Su"ut a*a) a#te#a *e(at te*)a"ap )6*6#. A*a) )6*6# "atat pa"a 0 "e*a5at. A*a) ke ata !e*#(a p6t. P6(a*a :0 " :0 Su"ut pe#ga*a)a# LNB *e(at te*)a"ap !"a#g "ata*. B"a#g "ata* "atat pa"a 0 "e*a5at )6*6#ta(. A*a) 5a*um 5am !e*#(a p6t "a# a*a) !e*(aa#a# 5a*um 5am !e*#(a #egat .
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ANTENA 5ASSEGRAIN RE.'E5TORS
Pe#ge*ta# A#te#a A#te#a a"a(a) uatu p*a#t a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk me*am!atka# "a# me#e*ma me*upaka#
ge(6m!a#g atu
*a"6
atau e(ekt*6mag#etk.
p*6e pe*p#"a)a#
ge(6m!a#g
Pema#a*a# *a"6
atau
e(ekt*6mag#etk "a* a(u*a# t*a#m ke *ua#g !e!a me(a(u a#te#a pema#a*.
Se"a#gka# pe#e*maa# a"a(a) atu p*6 e pe#e*maa#
ge(6m!a#g *a"6 atau e(ekt*6mag#etk
"a*
a#te#a
pe*a#gkat
pe#e*ma. Ka*e#a
me*upaka#
*ua#g
!e!a
me(a(u
pe*a#ta*a
a#ta*a
a(u*a# t*a#m "a# u"a*aC maka a#te#a )a*u mempu#a at a#g eua mat) "e#ga# a(u*a# pe#atu#a. De# A#te#a aeg*a# *eXekt6* me*upaka# a(a) atu !e#tuk "a* a#te#a pa*a!6(a !e*"aa 5a#gkau t#gg "a#
mema#a*ka# #a* !e*!e#tuk
me#empt epa#5a#g um!u pa*a!6(a. Pa"a a#te#a aeg*a# mem(k "ua *eXekt6* a#g !e*!e#tuk pa*a!6(6" "a# e!ua) u! *eXekt6* a#g !e*!e#tuk )pe*!6(6". P6 ttk 6ku "a* main re*ector !e*mpt "e#ga# sub re*ector#a.
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Be#tuk A#te#a aeg*a# !e*!e#tuk pa*a!6(6"
a#g mem(k "ua *eXekt6*
a#g !e*!e#tuk pa*a!6(6" atau p*#ga# "a# e!ua) u! *eXekt6* a#g !e*!e#tuk )pe*!6(6". P6 ttk 6ku "a* main re*ector !e*mpt "e#ga# sub re*ector#a.
Se!aga a#te#a pe#e*maC mak# !ea* "amete* p*#ga# pa*a!6(a te#tu aka# emak# !a#ak #a( a#g !a "ta#gkap. De#ga# kata (a#C mak# !ea* "amete* pa*a!6(aC a#te#a tu aka# mak# e#t "a(am me#e*ma #a(#a( a#g (ema). Se!a(k#a e!aga a#te#a pema#a*C mak# !ea* "amete* !e*a*t emak# !a#ak #a( a#g !a "pa#a*ka# ke atu a*a) te#te#tu.
Uku*a# Uku*a# A#te#a Pa*a!6( ?aeg*a# *eXet6* +., mete* atau (e!).
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P6(a *a"a D*et6#a(
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>a# >a# a"a(a) ka*akte* a#te#a a#g te*kat "e#ga# kemampua# a#te#a me#ga*a)ka# *a"a #a(#aC
atau
pe#e*maa# #a( "a* a*a)
te*te#tu. >a# !uka#(a) kua#tta a#g "apat "uku* "a(am atua# pa"a umum#a epe*t attC 6)mC atau (a##aC me(a#ka# uatu !e#tuk pe*!a#"#ga#. O(e) ka*e#a tuC atua# a#g "gu#aka# u#tuk ga# a"a(a) "e!e(. >a# pa*a!6(a umum#a !e*ga#tu#g pa"a *ekue# "a# "amete* a#g e#"e*u#g a#gat !ea* ekta* 20 ampa 40 >;%. Tpe p6(a*a aeg*a# a"a(a) *u(a*. Ee# Ape*tu*e "a* aeg*a# a"a(a) pa"a u*uta# ,4/0 Q. Bea*#a Beam 9"t) a#te#a pa*a!6(a ")tu#g "a* pu#ak ma# (6!e ampa 3 "B "!aa) pu#ak te*e!ut. Beam "t) me#ataka# u"ut pa"a ma# (6!e pa"a !ata!ata ke k* "a# ke ka#a# pa"a ttk 3 "B "6# "a# pu#ak ma# (6!e. Bea*#a !eam"t) 5uga !e*ga#tu#g pa"a *e&ue# "a# "amete*. $ontoh
E
?aeg*a# $eXet6* A#te##a =$?e*e 0.4 t6 + '66t 14.2 t6 122 m Damete*
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?6#t6) Speka ?aeg*a# SAT?OM
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P*#p Ope*a D# a"a 2 *eXekt6* atu *eXet6* utama Ma# $eXet6* a#g !e*!e#tuk pa*a!6(a "a# *eXet6* ke "ua Su! $eXet6* a#g !e*!e#tuk )pe*!6(a Pema#a* ee" )6*# "tempatka# pa"a ttk 6u1 )pe*!6(a e)#gga pa#a*a# "a* ee" aka# te*pa#tu( "a* 6u2 )pe*!6(a a#g 5uga me*upaka#
ttk
'6ku
utama
"a*
pa*a!6(a#a.
Se)#gga
#a*
#a*Jpa#a*a# ge(6m!a#g a#g me#ge#a pa*a!6(aC e6(a)6(a) "at#g "a* ttk 6ku#aC a#g aka# te*pa#tu( pa*a((e(Je5a5a*..
Keu#tu#ga##a
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Mempu#a m!u)a# N6e "a* [S"e (6!e\ a#g (e(at (e!) ke(C ka*e#a pa#a*a# "a* "e (6!e p*ma* ee"#a me#u5u a#gkaa. Pa#5a#g [!um!u#g ge(6m!a#g\ u#tuk ee" (e!) pe#"ek '(ek!e( "a(am *a#a#ga# ee"#a. ['ee" Stem\ ea*a meka# (e!) ta!( e)#gga pe#ga*a)a# a#te##a (e!) tepat. Ke(ema)a# Pema#a* te*)a(a#g 6(e) u!*eXekt6* "a# !aga#!aga# pe#a#gga#a. Ka*e#a u! (eXekt6* "me##a ke(C [ee" tem\ )a*u (e!) te*a*a). A#te#a 5e# # tepat "gu#aka# pa"a tau# !um a#g pe*ma#e#tC a#g ke!a#aka# mempu#a >JT a#g !ea*. Ap(ka Pe#ggu#aa# a#te#a u#tuk te(ek6mu#ka *a"6 Pe#ggu#aa# a#te#a pa"a te(ek6mu#ka te(e $a"6 At*6#6m
?aeg*a# pae*at 6mmu#at6# a#te##a # ?a#!e**aC Aut*a(aC
?aeg*a# ate((te 6mmu#at6# a#te##a # Se"e#. T)e 6#eG e6#"a* *eXet6* a# !e ee# upe#"e" a!6e t)
#eG e6#"a* *eXet6* # a (a*ge ate((te 6mmu#at6# a#t e##a # P(eumeu*B6"6uC '*a#e
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ANTENA +I5ROSTRIP
DE'INISI A#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a) uatu k6#"ukt6* meta( a#g me#empe( "ata g*6u#" p(a#e a#g "a#ta*a#a te*"apat !a)a# "e(ekt*k . A#te#a m*6t*p me*upaka# a#te#a a#g mem(k maa *#ga#C mu"a) u#tuk "a!*kaC "e#ga# at#a a#g k6#6*ma( e)#gga "apat "tempatka# pa"a )amp* emua 5e# pe*mukaa# "a# uku*a##a ke( "!a#"#gka# "e#ga# a#te#a 5e# (a#. Ka*e#a at a#g "m(k#aC a#te#a m*6t*p a#gat eua "e#ga# ke!utu)a# aat # e)#gga "apat "#teg*aka# "e#ga# pe*a(ata# te(ek6mu#ka (a# a#g !e*uku*a# ke(C aka# tetap a#te##a m*6t*p 5uga mem(k !e!e*apa keku*a#ga# atu !a#""t) a#g emptC ga# "a# "*ett a#g ke(C e*ta ee# *e#"a).
e#e# A#te#a M*6t*p Be#tuk k6#"ukt6* !a !e*maammaam tetap a#g pa"a umum#a "gu#aka# !e*!e#tuk empat pe*eg pa#5a#g "a# (#gka*a# ka*e#a !a (e!) mu"a) "a#a(. A"apu# 5e#5e# a#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a)
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A#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a) a(a) atu 5e# a#te#a *e(e a#g pa(#g p6pu(a* "gu#aka# aat #. A"a !e!e*apa a(aa# ke#apa a#te#a m*6t*p a#gat te*ke#a(
Sa#gat mu"a) "a!*ka. Se(a*a "e#ga# pe*mukaa# #6#p(a#a*. Sa#gat mu*a) ka*e#a )a#a "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# papa# etak
*kut. '(ek!e( e)#gga me#g)a(ka# !e*!aga maam p6(a "a#
p6(a*a a#g !e*!e"a. St*uktu*#a a#gat kuat.
POLA$ISASI P6(a*a a#te#a a"a(a) p6(a*a "a* ge(6m!a#g a#g "t*a#mka# 6(e) a#te#a. ka a*a) t"ak "te#tuka# maka p6(a*a me*upaka# p6(a*a .Pa"a a*a) ga# makmum. Pa"a p*aktk#aC p6(a*a "a* e#e*g a#g te*a"a !e*a*a "e#ga# a*a) "a* te#ga) a#te#aC e)#gga !aga# (a# "a* p6(a *a"a mempu#a p6(a*a a#g !e*!e"a. P6(a*a "a* ge(6m!a#g a#g te*a"a ""e#ka# e!aga uatu kea"aa# ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#et a#g me#ggam!a*ka# a*a) "a# mag#tu"6 ekt6* me"a# e(ekt*k a#g !e*a*a me#u*ut aktu. Se(a# tuC
p6(a*a
5uga
"apat
""e#ka#
e!aga
ge(6m!a#g
a#g
"*a"aka# "a# "te*ma 6(e) a#te#a pa"a uatu a*a) te*te#tu. P6(a*a "apat "k(akaka# e!aga (#ea* (#e*C *u(a* me(#gka*C atau e((pta( e(p. Seme#ta*a p6(a*a pa"a A#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a) p6(a*a me(#gka*C P6(a*a me(#gka* te*5a" 5ka uatu ge(6m!a#g a#g !e*u!a) me#u*ut aktu pa"a uatu ttk mem(k ekt6* me"a# e(ekt*k mag#et pa"a ttk te*e!ut !e*a"a pa"a 5a(u* (#gka*a# e!aga u#g aktu. K6#" a#g )a*u "pe#u) u#tuk me#apa 5e# p6(a*a # a"a(a)
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me"a# )a*u mempu#a 2 k6mp6#e# a#g a(#g tegak (u*u (#e* ke"ua k6mp6#e# te*e!ut )a*u mempu#a mag#tu"6 a#g ama ke"ua k6mp6#e# te*e!ut )a*u mem(k pe*!e"aa# aa aktu pa"a ke(pata# ga#5( :0. P6(a*a me(#gka* !ag me#5a" "uaC atu Let ;a#" ?*u(a* P6(a*%at6# L;?P "a# $g)t ;a#" ?*u(a* P6(a*%at6# $;?P.
POLA $ADIASI P6(a *a"a a"a(a) *ep*ee#ta g*a at – at pema#a*a# a#te#a e!aga u#g "a* k66*"#at *ua#g. A"a "ua 5e# p6(a *a"aC atu 1 Mut(ak P6(a *a"a mut(ak "tamp(ka# "a(am atua# – atua# mut(ak kekuata# atau "aa me"a#. 2 $e(at P6(a *a"a *e(at me*u5uk pa"a atua# – atua# *e(at kekuata# atau "aa me"a#. Ke!a#aka# uku*a# p6(a *a"a *e(at kepa"a a#te#a 6t*6p "a# met6"e t*a#e* ga# "pe*gu#aka# u#tuk me#e#tuka# ga# mut(ak a#te#a.
P6(a *a"a " "ae*a) "ekat a#te#a t"ak(a) ama epe*t p6(a *a"a pa"a 5a*ak 5au). It(a) me"a# "ekat me*u5uk pa"a p6(a me"a# a#g !e*"a "ekat a#te#aC e"a#gka# t(a) me"a# 5au) me*u5uk pa"a p6(a me"a# a#g !e*a"a " 5a*ak 5au). Me"a# 5au) 5uga "e!ut e!aga me"a# *a"aC "a# me*upaka# )a( a#g "#g#ka#. Baa#aC "aa a#g "pa#a*ka# a"a(a) a#g kta #g#ka#C "a# 6(e) ka*e#a tu p6(a a#te#a
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!aa#a "uku* ""ae*a) me"a# 5au). U#tuk pe#guku*a# p6(a a#gat(a) pe#t#g u#tuk mem(k 5a*ak a#g ukup !ea* u#tuk !e*a"a " me"a# 5au)m 5au) " (ua* me"a# "ekat. a*ak "ekat m#mum a#g "pe*!6(e)ka# !e*ga#tu#g pa"a "me# a#te#a !e*kata# "e#ga# pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g. P6(a *a"a a"a(a) *ep*ee#ta g*a at – at pema#a*a# a#te#a e!aga u#g "a* k66*"#at *ua#g.
>AIN >a# a"a(a) pe*!a#"#ga# a#ta*a *apat "aa pe* atua# u#t a#te#a te*)a"ap *apat "aa a#te#a *ee*e# "a(am a*a) "a# "aa mauka# a#g ama. >a# uatu a#te#a !e*(a#a# "e#ga# ga# kutu! empatC ga# "pe*)atka# "aa mauka# ke te*m#a( a#te#a. A"a "ua 5e# pa*amete* pe#guata# >a# atu a!6(ute ga# "a# *e(ate ga#V+W. A!6(ute ga# pa"a e!ua) a#te#a ""e#ka# e!aga pe*!a#"#ga# a#ta*a #te#ta pa"a a*a) te*te#tu "e#ga# #te#ta *a"a a#g "pe*6(e) 5ka "aa a#g "te*ma 6(e) a#te#a te*a"a ea*a 6t*6pk. I#te#ta *a"a a#g !e*)u!u#ga# "e#ga# "aa a#g "*a"aka# ea*a t*6pk ama "e#ga# "aa a#g "te*ma 6(e) a#te#a
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KETE$A$A;AN DI$E?TIIT- Pe#ga*a)a# "*ett a"a(a) e!aga pe*!a#"#ga# a#ta*a *apat "aa makmum pa"a !e*ka utama te*)a"ap *apat "aa *ata – *ata a#g "*a"aka#.D*ett "a* a#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a) ekta* 4/ "B. BAND9IDT; Ba#""t) uatu a#te#a ""e#ka# e!aga *e#ta#g *ekue# "ma#a ke*5a a#g !e*)u!u#ga# "e#ga# !e*apa ka*akte*tk epe*t mpe"a# mauka#C p6(aC !eam"t)C p6(a*aC ga#C ee#CS9$C *etu*# (6C aGa( *at6 meme#u) peka ta#"a*
Ba#""t) "a* a#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a) ekta* 3Q "a* *ekue# ke*5a 100 M;%.
Da* gam!a* " ataC Ba#""t) a#te#a m*6t*p a"a(a)
e!ea* ku*a#g (e!) 4 M;% POLA$ISASI P6(a*a a#te#a a"a(a) p6(a*a "a* ge(6m!a#g a#g "t*a#mka# 6(e) a#te#a. ka a*a) t"ak "te#tuka# maka p6(a*a me*upaka# p6(a*a pa"a a*a) ga# makmum. Pa"a p*aktk#aC p6(a*a "a* e#e*g a#g te*a"a !e*a*a "e#ga# a*a) "a* te#ga) a#te#aC e)#gga !aga# (a# "a* p6(a *a"a mempu#a p6(a*a a#g !e*!e"a.
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P6(a*a "a* ge(6m!a#g a#g te*a"a ""e#ka# e!aga uatu kea"aa# ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#et a#g me#ggam!a*ka# a*a) "a# mag#tu"6 ekt6* me"a# e(ekt*k a#g !e*a*a me#u*ut aktu. Se(a# tuC
p6(a*a
5uga
"apa
""e#ka#
e!aga
ge(6m!a#g
a#g
"*a"aka# "a# "te*ma 6(e) a#te#a pa"a uatu a*a) te*te#tu. P6(a*a "apat "k(akaka# e!aga (#ea* (#e*C *u(a* me(#gka*C atau e((pta( e(p.
APLIKASI A#te#a m*6t*p u"a) !a#ak "gu#aka# "a(am e*a #6*ma aat #. Umum#a ap(ka g te(a) "gu#aka# a#ta*a(a# a"a(a) 9MA;% a#g "tu#5ukka# pa"a >am!a* 2.8.
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>am!a* 2.8. 9MaG a#g mema#aatka# m*6t*p 9LAN ?6#t6) m*6t*p "a(am pe#ggu#aa# 9LAN "apat "()at "a* >am!a* 2.:. Da(am >am!a* 2.: "apat "()atC m*6t*p a#g "gu#aka# a"a(a) a#te#a m*6t*p a**a a#g !e*u#g u#tuk me#am!a) pe#guata# pa"a 9LAN.
>am!a* 2.: M*6t*p pa"a 9LAN Ba#"pa '(te* Ba#"pa (te* !e*tuga u#tuk me#a*#g #a( a#g !e*a"a " te#ga)C #a( *e#"a) "a# t#gg "t6(ak. M*6t*p a"a(a) tek#6(6g a#g pa(#g Xek!e( u#tuk me*a#a#g (te*. '(te* ;a*p# !e*kut # !eke*5a pa"a
*ekue# 2C+4 >;%.
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>am!a* 2.10 M*6t*p pa"a !a#"pa (te* M6!(e Sate((te Pa"a gam!a* 2.11 te*()at a#te#a m*6t*p a**a "gu#aka# "a(am tem k6mu#ka m6!(e ate((te pa"a *e#ta#g *ekue# 2C42C, >;7
>am!a* 2.11 M*6t*p pa"a M6!(e Sate((te
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A NT E N A 5 O 1 ' INI E R
DE'INISI Se!ua) a#te#a 6((#ea*C 5uga "e!ut F6(#ea*F atau F6((#ea* a**a a#te#a FC a"a(a) atu et "p6(e a#te#a e5a5a* epa#5a#g pa#5a#g#a e)#gga me*eka mem!e#tuk atu ga* pa#5a#g. Setap e(eme# a#te#a "p6( a"a(a) 1J2 pa#5a#g ge(6m!a#g pa#5a#g. M6"e( A#te#a # e"kt eka(
5e##aC
pe#uu#a#
m6"e(
a#te##a
e*tka(#a
"p6(e
#
me*upaka#
"a(am
uatu
6m#"*et6#a(C *a#gkaa#
aka#
mem!a#gktka# pe#guata# ga#C a*t#a emak# !a#ak *a#gkaa##a maka emak# !ea* ga# a#g ")a(ka#. A#te##a # a#gat mu"a) eka( pem!uata##a. U#tuk mem!uat#a !a "paka "ua maam 6((#e* a#g "5ua( " paa*a# umum. A#te##a ?6((#ea* me*upaka# a#te#a a#g e6(a)6(a) epe*t um!e* ttk a#g mema#a*ka# "aa ke ega(a a*a) "e#ga# #te#ta a#g amaC epe*t pe*mukaa# !6(a "a# !e#tuk p6(a *a"a#a "gam!a*ka# epe*t !e#tuk "6#at doughnut "e#ga# puat !e*mpt. A#te##a ?6((#ea* "p6(e e*#g "gu#aka# e!aga a#te#a u#tuk BTS u#tuk tem *a"6 ta#a) m6!(e a#g !e*k6mu#ka "e#ga# *a"6 "ua a*a) e(u(a* " "a(am ke#"a*aa#C epe*t p6(C pema"am ke!aka*a#C am!u(a#C "a# "pat)e* tak. Se!ua) a**a 6((#ea* "p6(e mem(k ga# a#g (e!) t#gg. a**a 6((#ea* "apat mem!e*ka# 3 "B atau (e!). Pe##gkata# 3 "B kekuata# #a( a"a(a) ama "e#ga# "ua ka( (pat kekuata# #a(. Pe##gkata# kekuata# #a( te*5a" tegak (u*u "e#ga# pa#5a#g a**aC e)#gga a**a !aa#a "paa#g ea*a e*tka( u#tuk me##gkatka# kekuata# #a( pa"a !"a#g )6*6#ta( >AMBA$ ANTENNA ?OLINIE$
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DESAIN "a# KA$AKTE$ISTIK POLA $ADIASI P6(a *a"a a#te#a 6(#e* mem(k !e#tuk p6a *a"a epe*t !e#tuk "6#at doughnut "e#ga# puat !e*mpt. BEAM9IDT; Beam"t) a#te##a 6(#e* # !e*ga#tu#g pa"a 5a*ak a#ta* e(eme# a#te##aC aeC "a# amp(tu"6 a#ta* e(eme# a#te##a "a# (e!) empt "a(am ta#gkapa# "a# pa#a*a# p6 !"a#g e*tka(. >AIN Pa"a "aa*#a a#te#a # "apat mempe*6(e) ekta* 3 10 "B ga# (e!) "p6(C te*ga#tu#g pa"a 5um(a) e(eme# a#g "gu#aka#. Semak# t#gg ga#C emak# empt p6(a e(ea. APLIKASI ANTENNA ?OLINEA$ A#te#a 5e# # "apat "gu#aka# u#tuk me#e*ma #a( a*a# au"6 "a* tau# *a"6C atau memu#gk#ka# pe*a#gkat *6!6t u#tuk "6pe*aka# "e#ga# me#ggu#aka# m*6ae atau tek#6(6g *e(e. ;a#"p)6#e atau
(aa#a#
te(ep6#
e(u(a*C
e*ta
k6#ek
#te*#et
#*ka!e(C
me#ggu#aka# a#te#a Om# 6((#ea* e!aga !aga# "a* p*6e !*6a"at#g #a( ta!( ke pe*a#gkat te*e!ut.
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ANTENA 5E'A2 9S 'OT ANTENNA:
A"a(a) e!ua) (6t a#te#a a#g te*"* "a* pe*mukaa# (6gamC !aa#a p*#g "ata*C "e#ga# (u!a#g atau (6t a#g "p6t6#g. Ketka p*#g "ge*akka#
e!aga
a#te#a
"e#ga#
*ekue#
pe#"6*6#gC
(6t
mema#a*ka# ge(6m!a#g e(ekt*6mag#etk "a(am a*a a#g m*p "e#ga# a#te#a "p6(. Be#tuk "a# uku*a# (6tC e*ta *ekue# pe#"6*6#gC me#e#tuka# p6(a "t*!u *a"a. Se*#gka( ge(6m!a#g *a"6 a#g "e"aka# 6(e) 9aegu"eC "a# a#te#a te*"* "a* (6t " 9aegu"e.
Se5a*a) S(6t a#te##a atau A#te#a ?e(a) "ptaka# pa"a ta)u# 1:38 6(e) A(a# D6e* B(um(e#C e6*a#g a)( te(ek6mu#ka aa( I#gg*C aat "a !eke*5a u#tuk EMI. Da me#ptaka##a u#tuk me#"apatka# 5e# a#te#a p*akt u#tuk pe#a*a# te(e ;'.
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