Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
Gluteus Maximus
(ilium and dorsal sacrum), iliac crest, post gluteal line, lateral surface ilium, sacrum, coccyx, lumbodorsal fascia
Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity
Hip extension and LR
Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
Gluteus Medius
(ilium), Anterior crest ilium, lateral surface between posterior and Greater trochanter anterior gluteal lines
Hip abduction, (internal rotation)
Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Gluteus Minimus
(ilium) Lateral surface of ilium between inferior gluteal line and anterior gluteal lines
Greater trochanter
Hip abduction, (internal rotation)
Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Tensor Fascia latae
Iliac crest, lateral ASIS
Iliotibial tract which inserts lateral tibial condyle
Hip flexion and medial rotation, tenses fascia lata which supports knee laterally
Superior gluteal (L4-S1)
Piriformis
Anterior aspect of/ Anterolateral sacrum
Greater trochanter
LR hip, (abducts flexed femur at hip joint)
Branches of SACRAL nerves (L5, S1-S2), periformis nerve
Gemellus Superior
External surface of ischial spine
Greater trochanter
External Rotation of Hip
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Obturator internus
Ischopubic rami, obturator membrane, medial margins of obturator foramen, anterolateral wall of true pelvis
Medial side of Greater trochanter
LR hip
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)
Gemellus Inferior
Upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
Greater trochanter
Lateral Rotation of Hip
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
Obturator externus
Ischiopubic rami, (lateral margins of obturator foramen)
Trochanteric fossa of femur
LR hip
Obturator Nerve (L3-L4)
Quadratus Femoris
Quadrate tubercle on the Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity intertorchanteric crest of the proximal femur
LR hip
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5S1), (special nerve from sacral plexus)
Gluteal group and TFL
Lateral rotators (PGOGOQ)
Hip flexors
Lesser trochanter, tendon fused with Hip flexion psoas major
Femoral L2-L3
Psoas major
Lumbar transverse processes, bodies of T12-L5 anteriorly
Lesser trochanter of femur
Hip flexion
Branches of lumbar plexus / Anterior Rami/ ventral branches of (L1-L3)
Psoas minor
Vertebral bodies of T12-L1
Iliopubic eminence
Weakly assists lumbar flexion (not always present)
Ventral ramus of L1
Iliacus
Superior iliac fossa, wing (ala) of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments,
Lesser trochanter of femur (tendon fused with that of psoas major)
Hip flexion
Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Rectus Femoris
AIIS, superior rim of acetabulum
Tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Hip flexion and extension
Femoral L2-L4
Vastus Intermedius
Anterolateral femur and linea aspera
Tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Knee extension
Femoral L2-L4
Vastus Lateralis
Anterior, inferior to greater trochanter and linea aspera
Tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Knee extension
Femoral L2-L4
Vastus Medialis
Length of linea aspera and intertrochanteric line
Tibial tuberosity via patella ligament
Knee extension
Femoral L2-L4
Sartorius
ASIS
Medial tibia near tibial tuberosity
Knee flexion, hip flexion, abduction and lateral rotation
Femoral L2-L3
Adductor Magnus
Inferior ramus of pubis (add head) Linear aspera, adductor tubercle and ischial tuberosity (hamstring femur head)
Adduction of thigh (depending on hip position)
Obturator and sciatic
Adductor Longus and Brevis
Inferior ramus of pubis
Linea aspera of femur
Adduction of thigh (depending on hip position)
Obturator L3-L4 and Sciatic L4-S3
Pectineus
Inferior ramus of pubis
Linea aspera of femur
Adduct, medially, flex the thigh (depending on hip position)
Femoral
Gracilis
Inferior ramus of pubis
Linea aspera of femur
Adduct and medially rotate thigh/flex the knee (depending on hip position)
Obturator
Biceps Femoris
Long head – ischial tuberosity, Short head – linea aspera
Head of fibula, lateral condyle tibia
Knee flexion, hip extension and LR
Long head – sciatic (tibial portion), Short head – common fibular
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
Posterior of medial condyle of tibia
Knee flexion, hip extension and medial rotation
Sciatic (tibial portion)
Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
Proximal, medial tibia
Knee flexion, hip extension and medial rotation
Sciatic (tibial portion)
Tibialis Anterior
Tibia – lateral condyle and superior/lateral shaft, interosseus membrane
Medial cunieform and base 1st metatarsal
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
Deep fibular L4, L5
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibia – lateral condyle, Fibula – superior medial surface, interosseus membrane
Middle and distal phalanges 2-5 digits
Dorsiflexion and extension toes 2-5
Deep fibular L4, L5
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Fibula – anterior surface, interosseus membrane
Dorsal base of distal phalanx of hallux
Dorsiflexion of foot, extension of hallux
Deep fibular L5, S1
Fibula – inferior 1/3 anterior surface, interosseus membrane
Dorsal base 5th metatarsal
Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
Deep fibular L5, S1
Fibularis Longus
Fibula – head and upper lateral surface of fibula
Base 5th metatarsal and medial cuneiform
Foot eversion, weak plantarflexion
Superficial fibular L5, S1, S2
Fibularis Brevis
Fibula – inferior lateral surface of fibula
Tuberosity on base of 5th metatarsal
Foot eversion, weak plantarflexion
Superficial fibular L5, S1, S2
Iliopsoas
Iliac fossa of ilium
Anterior thigh
Hamstrings
Leg anterior compartment (superficial muscles)
Leg anterior compartment (deep muscles)
Fibularis Tertius (Peroneus Tertius)
Lateral compartment
Posterior compartment (superficial muscles)
Gastrocnemius
Lateral head – lateral condyle of femur, Medial head – superior to medial condyle of femur
Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexion, knee flexion
Tibial S1, S2
Soleus
Tibia – upper posterior/medial surface, Fibula – posterior, superior 1/4
Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexion
Tibial S1, S2
Plantaris
Inferior end of supraconylar line of Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon femur, oblique popliteal
Plantarflexion, knee flexion
Tibial S1, S2
Posterior compartment (deep muscles)
Popliteus
Lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus
Posterior proximal shaft of tibia
Knee flexion, medial rotation of tibia
Tibial L4-S1
Tibialis Posterior
Interosseus membrane, posterior tibia inferior to soleal line, posterior fibula
Tuberosity of navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, bases metatarsals 2-4
Plantarflexion of ankle, inversion of foot (arch support)
Tibial L4, L5
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Inferior 2/3s post fibula, inferior interosseus membrane
Base distal phalanx hallux
Flex hallux, weak plantarflexion (arch support)
Tibial S2, S3
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Medial posterior tibia inferior to soleal line
Base distal phalanges lateral 4 toes
Flex lateral 4 toes, plantarflexion (arch support)
Tibial S2, S3
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
Middle phalanx lateral 4 toes
Flex lateral 4 toes
Medial plantar S2, S3
Flexor Digiti Minimi
Tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis
Lateral side, base proximal phalanx 5th toe
Abducts and flexes 5th toe
Lateral plantar S2, S3
Abductor Hallucis
Tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis
Medial side, base proximal phalanx 1st toe
Abducts and flexes hallux
Medial plantar S2, S3
Lumbricals
Tendons Flexor Digitorum Longus
Medial aspect extensor expansion lateral 4 toes
Flex metatarsophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints lateral 4 toes
Medial and lateral plantar S2, S3
Quadratus Plantae (Flexor Accessorius)
Plantar surface calcaneum
Posterior/lateral margin flexor digitorum longus tendon
Assist flexor digitorum longus
Lateral plantar S2, S3
Plantar (1st Layer)
Plantar (2nd Layer)
Pictures
