Livre Blanc_Intelligence Analysis

Cfyrh Bcnlg 

Kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh n}}cf~xæhw í c‖Flthccfjhlgh Æg`l`kf~xh

Cfyrh Bcnlg  Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw

]ræingh

]r`dxgtrf gh ht g`lw`kkntrfgh d‖fli`rkntf ]r`dxgtrfgh d‖fli`rkntf`lw `lw c‖hltrh}r c‖hltrh}rfwh fwh d`ft ræ}`ldrh í dhw ~xhwtf`lw grxgfnchw5 Wxfw+eh cx ht }nr ~xf 0 Wxfw+eh g`k}rfw 0 ^xh dft+`l dh k`f 0 ^xh }hlwhlt chw ræwhnx w`gfnx 0 Hcch w‖flthrr`jh hl cfwnlt ht hl æg`xtnlt, ^xf gr`frh 0 ]xfw+eh bâtfr `x k`dfhr xlh wtrntæjfh wtrntæjfh wxr cn i`f dh gh ~xh eh cfw 0 ^xf }hxt æyncxhr ht yncfdhr gh ~xh e‖nf w`xw chw vhx 0 ^xh wfjlfh ghtth kxctftxdh

d‖fli`rkntf`lw w`xyhlt g`ltrndfgt`frhw 0 Ghw ~xhwtf`lw i`ldhlt c‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh, Ghcch+gf n }`xr lncftæ cn trnlwi`rkntf trnlwi`rkntf`l `l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l brxth hl g`llnfwwnl g`llnfwwnlghw ghw nx }r`t dh c‖hltrh}rfwh

ht dh whw gcfhltw, Ghtth trnlwi`rkntf`l# gh }nwwnjh# w‖n}}hcch c‖nlncvwh, C‖nlncvwh hfjh dh l`xyhnx ngthxrw# xl l`xyhc ætnt d‖hw}rft ht d‖nxtrhw `xtfcw, Hcch hwt xlh kfwh hl wgïlh dhw flthccfjhlghw fldfyfdxhcchw ht dhw h}hrtfwhw, N}rïw chw `xtfcw dædfæw nx rhgxhfc hltrhlt hl wgïlhw chw kæto`dhw ht chw `xtfcw dædfæw í c‖nlncvwh, Chw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwhw fwwxhw dhw wgfhlghw dh jhwtf`l `lt dh}xfw c`ljthk}w }ræ}nræ ch thrrnfl wxr ch~xhc njfrn c‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh, Ght oærftnjh dhkhxrh yncnbch ht ìirh dhw rhghtthw }hrtflhlthw, ^xf l‖n }nw hlthldx }nrchr dhw gfl~ i`rghw dh ]`rthr `x dh cn kæto`dh WZ@T 0 C‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh wh l`xrrft l`xrrft t`xe`xrw dh ghw g`lgh}tw, g`lgh}tw, Hcch yn }cxw c`fl c`fl nxe`xrd‖oxf, Hcch d`ft d`llhr dx whlw í cn knwwh gr`fwwnlth dhw d`llæhw dh t`xthw lntxrhw d`lt ch i`fw`llhkhlt br`xfcch chw gn}ngftæw dh g`k}ræohlwf`l, C‖nlncvwh dh c‖fli`rkntf c‖fli`rkntf`l `l ræ}`ld í c‖nlj`fwwh dhw dægfdhxrw, G`kkh chw wælnthxrw r`knflw nxtrhi`fw ch gohi d‖hltrh}rfwh n bhw`fl dh cfrh# l`l dnlw chw hltrnfcchw dhw båthw knfw dnlw chw bnwhw dh d`llæhw, Ghw kæto`dhw `lt hl g`kkxl dh dægcflhr dfiiærhlthw i`rkhw d‖flthrr`jntf`lw d‖flthrr`jntf`lw `rfjflnchw ht flntthldxhw, G‖hwt nx ætxdfnltw dx Knwtïrh 2 d‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh ht g`kkxlfgntf`l wtrntæjf~xh dh ]`ftfhrw /FG@KTHG& ~xh l`xw dhy`lw ch rnwwhkbchkhlt dnlw ght `xyrnjh dhw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l xtfcfwnbch }nr c‖flthccfjhlg c‖flthccfjhlghh æg`l`kf~xh d‖hltrh}rfwh, Ch chgthxr dæg`xyrfrn g`kkhlt flthrr`jhr ch ixtxr hl dægncnlt w`l rhjnrd# hl fknjflnlt dhw wgælnrff ht hl nltfgf}nlt dhw ehx d‖ngthxrw, C‖fli`rkntf`l }nrchrn d‖nxtnlt }cxw ht d‖nxtnlt kfhx ~xh w`l nlncvwh whrn }hrtflhlth ht `rfjflnch, Gh cfyrh l`xw `xyrh í dhw flthccfjhlghw flthccfjhlghw ynrfæhw ht g`cchgtfyhw dh c‖fli`rkntf`l, c‖fli`rkntf`l, Khrgf í whw nxthxrw, nxthxrw,

Bhrlnrd Bhww`l

2


7


W`kknfrh

Nynlt+}r`}`w N ~xhc~xhw hgh}tf`lw }rïw# chw `xyrnjhw g`lwngræw í cn yhfcch wtrntæjf~xh `x í c‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh }nwwhlt dh cn }onwh ¡Rhgohrgoh d‖fli`rkntf`l± í cn }onwh ¡Dfiixwf`lg`kkxlfgntf`l ¡Dfiixwf`lg`kkxlfgntf`l±± hl ¡jcfwwnlt± wxr ghcch# }`xrtnlt hwwhltfhcch d‖xlh Nlncvwh# Nlncvwh# ~x‖`l lh wnft tr`} ¡}nr ~xhc b`xt }rhldrh±, G‖hwt ~x‖hcch l‖hwt }nw xlh ætn}h g`kkh chw nxtrhw, N cn i`fw læghwwnfrh }`xr dælfr whw nhw dh yhfcch# nilhr whw rhgohrgohw ht flthr}ræthr chw d`llæhw gn}tæhw }nr ch dfw}`wftfi# chw k`tw ~xf cn

gnrngtærfwhlt ch kfhx w`lt trnlwyhrwncftæ# græntfyftæ ht dfyhrwftæ cí `ö c‖`l w`xonfthrnft cn rædxfrh í xlh gnrngtærfwhlt ætn}h xlf~xh ht xlfy`~xh nx whfl d‖xl }r`ghwwxw rntf`llhc, G‖hwt }rægfwækhlt }`xr d`llhr dhw }fwthw dh ræhf`lw nx }rìhwwf`llhcw }rìhwwf`l lhcw dæwfrhx dh kfhx fltæjrhr

c‖nlncvwh dnlw chxrw dfw}`wftfiw dfw}`wftfiw dh yhfcch ~xh gh cfyrh bcnlg n ætæ g`lêx ht ræncfwæ }nr chw ætxdfnlt dh c‖FG@KTHG, Y`xw v tr`xyhrhu dægrfthw wh}t jrnldhw inkfcchw d‖nlncvwhw w`xw cn i`rkh dh gohw

flgcxnlt dhwgrf}tf`lw# ætxdhw dh gnw ht }r`}`wftf`lw dh chgtxrhw g`k}cækhltnfrhw, g`k}cækhltnfrhw, Wnlw d`xth whrhu+y`xw }nri`fw irxwtræw í cn chgtxrh dh ghrtnflhw gohw k`flw g`k}cïthw# }cxw

g`lyhlxhw# ~xh d‖nxtrhw 5 nc`rw ~xh cn cfttærntxrh knlnjærfnch nljc`+wn`llh nljc`+wn`llh g`lwngrh dh l`kbrhx `xyrnjhw nx toïkh dh c‖ flthccfjhlgh nlncvwfw dnlw xl gndrh g`lgxrrhltfhc # l`trh `behgtfi ætnft k`flw d‖ncchr yhrw xlh fk}`wwfbch honxwtfyftæ ~xh d‖flftfhr xl k`xyhkhlt }`xr ~xh w`fhlt khlæw }cxw wvwtækntf~xhkhlt wvwtækntf~x hkhlt hl Irnlgh dhw trnynx# xlfyhrwftnfrhw xlfyhrwftnfrhw `x l`l# wxr gh toïkh hwwhltfhc, L`xw hw}ær`lw ~xh gh cfyrh bcnlg y`xw whrn xtfch, Gorfwt`}oh Dhwgonk}w 4


W`kknfrh Chw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh fwwxhw dhw wgfhlghw dh jhwtf`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, jhwtf`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh ,,,,,,]njh 9 Cn kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh : Cn WZ@T nlncvwfw /K@II&,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >> Ch k`dïch dhw gfl~ i`rghw dh ]`rthr,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh >4 Ch k`dïch dhw ¡ i`xr g`rlhrw ±,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh >6 C‖nlncvwh dhw wfthw zhb g`lgxrrhltw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 2> ^xhcw w`lt chw `behgtfiw dh c‖nlncvwh dh ræiærhlghkhlt ht dh trng 0,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh ]njh 22 C‖nlncvwh g`lgxrrhltfhcch dh wfthw zhb,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 28 Chw `xtfcw J``jch d‖nlncvwh dh wfthw 5 trng# wtntfwtf~xhw ht }cxjflw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh ]njh 26 Xtfcfwhr ^xnrabnwh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 74 Chw kæto`dhw dh c‖nlncvwh wtrxgtxræh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 7: Nlncvwfw ì g`k}htflj ov}`tohwhw /NGO ! WNGO&,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 7? Cflgo}fl nlncvwfw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 8> Kæto`dh dh yærfgntf`l dhw ov}`toïwhw+gcæw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 84 Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 8: Chw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh dfthw ¡ }nr `}}`wftf`l ± ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 86 Cn kæto`dh Thnk N  Thnk Thnk B,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 9= Cn kæto`dh Rhd Thnk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh 97 Cn kæto`dh dh c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 9: Cn kæto`dh ¡ Torhnt nlncvwfw Irnkhz`ra ±,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 96 Chw Bxwflhww Znrjnkhw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh :> Ch bhlgoknraflj ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh :9 Cn kæto`dh Wond`z thnk,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh ?= C‖nlncvwh }nr chw wvwtïkhw d‖fli`rkntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh hl cfjlh ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh ?7 Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jæ`+gnrt`jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh ?4 J``jch Kn}w 5 }cxjflw ht knwox}w,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh ?: C‖nlncvwh í yfwæh }r`w}hgtfyh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 6> Cn kæto`dh ¡ Zont fi 0 ±,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 62 Cn kæto`dh KNGT@R,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh 69 Cn kæto`dh KXCTF]@C,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,]njh 6? Cn kæto`dh k`r}o`c`jf~xh,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >== Cn kæto`dh Dhc}of `x kæto`dh dh Dhc}ohw,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >=7 Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >=8 Kflflj# ræwhnx w`gfnx ht yfwxncfwntf`l dh d`llæhw ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >>> Jælærncftæw wxr chw `}ærntf`lw dh ¡ kflflj ±,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >>2 Nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >>: Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jrn}of~xh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ]njh >22 8

Cfyrh Bcnlg  G`k}htftfyh Flthccfjhlgh

Chw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh fwwxhw dhw wgfhlghw dh jhwtf`l ¡Nxgxl o`kkh l‖hwt xlh ìch± Eòl D`llh# Dhy`tf`lw x}`l Hkhrjhlt @ggnwf`lw# >924 Ndn}tæh í c‖hltrh}rfwh# ghtth gftntf`l h}rfkh xlh fdæh hwwhltfhcch 5 xlh hltrh}rfwh lh }hxt }nw wxryfyrh fw`cæh, Gon~xh hltrh}rfwh w‖flwgrft dnlw xl hlyfr`llhkhlt w}ægf~xh ~xf n xlh flxhlgh wxr whw ngtf`lw,

^xhcch ~xh w`ft wn tnfcch `x w`l whgthxr d‖ngtfyftæ# hcch wh d`ft dh ch }rhldrh hl g`k}th, Cn ~xhwtf`l hwt cn wxfynlth 5 G`kkhlt xlh hltrh}rfwh }hxt+hcch khlhr xl nlncvwh }hrtflhlth dh w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt 0 Dnlw gh gon}ftrh g`lwngræ nx Kntrfghw d‖Nlncvwh dhw Gnbflhtw dh G`lwhfc# chw 4 jrnldw k`dïchw d‖nln+ cvwh }ræwhltæw `lt ætæ wæchgtf`llæw }`xr cn g`k}cækhltnrftæ dh chxrw n}}r`gohw, Chxr w}ægfgftæ chw rhld

g`k}cækhltnfrhw knfw }nw flthrgonljhnbchw,


Nlncvwh ]HWTHC ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc C‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC }hrkht d‖n}}ræohldhr c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt dnlw ch~xhc æy`cxh c‖hltrh}rfwh, Dnlw xlh }hrw}hgtfyh jælærncfwth# hcch dhwwflh chw g`lt`xrw dx }nvwnjh dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt kngr`æg`l`kf~xh }nr cn }rfwh hl g`k}th dh 9 grftïrhw }rflgf}nx 5 ]`cftf~xh# Æg`l`kf~xh# W`gf`gxctxrhc# Thgol`c`jf~xh# Æg`c`jf~xh Cæjnc, • • • • • •

Gh tv}h d‖nlncvwh ìirh cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh yfwxncfwhr `behgtfyhkhlt chw ynrfnbchw ~xf }hxyhlt flxhr wxr ch

i`lgtf`llhkhlt dhw hltrh}rfwhw, D‖n}rïw A`tchr />66?&# c‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC hwt xl ¡ `xtfc wtrntæjf~xh }`xr g`k}rhldrh cn gr`fwwnlgh `x cn dægr`fwwnlgh dhw knrgoæw# dhw }`wftf`lw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh ht dhw dægfwf`lw í }rhldrh± }rhldrh ±

]`xr~x`f w‖hl whryfr 0 ‗ n}}`rt nx hltrh}rfwhw Xl dhw }rflgf}nx n}}`rtw dh cn kntrfgh d‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC hwt dh }hrkhttrh í c‖hltrh}rfwh d‖ny`fr xl }`flt dh yxh g`k}cht wxr w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt g`lgxrrhltfhc, Ghtth }hrw}hgtfyh kngr`æg`l`kf~xh# }hxt nflwf }hrkhttrh nx dægfdhxrw dh kfhx n}}ræohldhr cn wftxntf`l wtrntæjf~xh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh ht dh }rhldrh chw dægfwf`lw `}tfknchw, ]cxw ~x‖xlh cfwth dhw ingthxrw ~xf }hxyhlt flxhr wxr c‖hltrh}rfwh# c‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC }hrkht dh g`lthtxncfwhr

chw æcækhltw ht dh y`fr ~xhcw whr`lt chw fk}ngtw ixtxrw nx~xhcchw hcch whrn g`lir`ltæh,

Xtfcfwntf`l dh c‖`xtfc C‖xtfcfwntf`l dh cn kntrfgh d‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC rh}`wh wxr c‖nlncvwh dh 9 æcækhltw ~xf }nrtfgf}hlt hlwhkbch í cn dælftf`l dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt g`lgxrrhltfhc dh c‖hltrh}rfwh 5  ]`cftf~xh

5 C‖hlwhkbch dhw æcækhltw }`cftf~xhw ~xf }hxyhlt niihgthr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Fc }hxt w‖njfr dh

cn }`cftf~xh wgnch# dx g`kkhrgh htærfhxr `x dhw æcækhltw dh }r`thgtf`l w`gfnch, Gh grftïrh }hxt

æjnchkhlt w‖fltærhwwhr nx bfhlw ht whryfghw d`lt ch j`xyhrlhkhlt hl }cngh w‖hwt dægcnræ fk}`rtnthxr `x h}`rtnthxr,  Æg`l`kf~xh 5 C‖hlwhkbch dhw æcækhltw æg`l`kf~xhw ~xf }hxyhlt niihgthr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Dnlw xlh }hrw}hgtfyh kngr`æg`l`kf~xh# fc w‖njft dh }rhldrh hl g`k}th ch tnx dh gr`fwwnlgh# chw tnx d‖fltæråtw ht c‖flntf`l ~xf }hxyhlt fk}ngthr ch bxwflhww dh c‖hltrh}rfwh,  W`gf`gxctxrhc 5 C‖hlwhkbch dhw æcækhltw w`gf`gxctxrhcw ~xf }hxyhlt niihgthr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Fc }hxt w‖njfr

:

dh cn dæk`jrn}ofh d‖xl }nvw# dhw nttftxdhw g`lghrlnlt cn }rìhwwf`llncfwntf`l ht dhw thldnlghw w`gfnchw ~xf w`lt nxtnlt dh ingthxrw ~xf wftxhlt xlh hltrh}rfwh ht w`l ngtfyftæ nx gŗxr d‖xlh w`gfætæ,  Thgol`c`jf~xh 5 C‖hlwhkbch dhw æcækhltw thgol`c`jf~xhw ~xf }hxyhlt niihgthr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Fc w‖njft d‖`bwhryhr chw }`cftf~xhw dh Rhgohrgoh ) Dæyhc`}}hkhlt ht chw fll`yntf`lw kfwhw hl ŗxyrh nx lfyhnx }xbcfg g`kkh }rfyæ,


Nlncvwh ]HWTHC  Æg`c`jf~xh

5 C‖hlwhkbch dhw æcækhltw æg`c`jf~xhw ~xf }hxyhlt niihgthr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Ghw ingthxrw }hxyhlt flgcxrh chw g`ldftf`lw kætæ`r`c`jf~xhw `x ch gcfknt# }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt }hrtflhltw dnlw ch gndrh d‖fldxwtrfhw dh t`xrfwkh,  Cæjnc 5 C‖hlwhkbch dhw æcækhltw cæjfwcntfiw ~xf }hxyhlt niihgthr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Ghw ingthxrw cæjnx g`kkh chw c`fw dh }r`thgtf`l dhw g`lw`kknthxrw# ch g`dh dx trnynfc ht cn }r`thgtf`l dhw hk}c`væw }hxyhlt niihgthr ch i`lgtf`llhkhlt d‖xlh hltrh}rfwh,

Ifjxrh >+ Kntrfgh d‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC

Chw i`rghw  ]hrkht dh g`k}rhldrh chw dfiiærhlthw dfkhlwf`lw dh

c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt kngr`+æg`l`kf~xh  Hlg`xrnjh ch dæyhc`}}hkhlt d‖xlh }hlwæh wtrntæjf~xh  ]hrkht dh }rhldrh g`lwgfhlgh dh khlnghw æyhltxhcchw  ]hrkht d‖nltfgf}hr ht dh }ræy`fr chw ngtf`lw í khttrh hl ŗxyrh ingh í ghw khlnghw  ]hrkht í c‖`rjnlfwntf`l dh y`fr ~xhcchw `}}`rtxlftæw cxf w`lt ìihrthw

Chw infbchwwhw  Dfigfch

í khttrh hl ŗxyrh dnlw xlh w`gfætæ hl k`xyhkhlt }hrknlhlt

 Kht

hl ŗxyrh xl jrnld l`kbrh d‖fli`rkntf`lw ~xf }hxyhlt# í thrkh# }nrncvwhr c‖nlncvwh,  C‖nlncvwh ]HWTHC lh g`lghrlh ~xh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt htærfhxr dh c‖hltrh}rfwh ht }hxt `ggxcthr chw }r`bcïkhw cfæw í c‖`rjnlfwntf`l dh cn wtrxgtxrh hcch+kåkh,

Gnw }rntf~xhw 5 hhk}chw d‖xtfcfwntf`l ?

Htxdh wxr c‖n}}r`goh wtrntæjf~xh dx gonljhkhlt `rjnlfwntf`llhc dx jr`x}h YYI,


Nlncvwh ]HWTHC Cn kæto`dh ]HWTHC whrn xtfcfwæh }`xr nlncvwhr ch g`lthth jælærnthxr dh gonljhkhlt,

Dfkhlwf`l

Fldfgnthxrw gcæw ]> 5 Flgftntf`lw j`xyhrlhkhltnchw

]`cftf~xh

H> 5 ]nrt dx GN dx t`xrfwkh w`gfnc dnlw c‖æg`l`kfh t`xrfwtf~xh

Æg`l`kf~xh ht g`kkhrgfnc

W`gf`gxctxrhcch

Thgol`c`jf~xh

H2 5 Tnx dh cn }`}xcntf`l ~xf lh }nrt }nw hl yngnlghw

Fli`rkntf`lw ]>5 C‖nrtfgch >4= dh cn c`f d‖`rfhltntf`l rhcntfyh í cn }ræyhltf`l ht í cn cxtth g`ltrh c‖hgcxwf`l flwgrft g`kkh `behgtfi lntf`lnc# c‖nggïw dh t`xw nx yngnlghw ht nx c`fwfrw ]> 5 7 kfccfnrdw dh goï~xhw yngnlghw ækfw hl >66: H> 5 Ch GN dx t`xrfwkh w`gfnc hwt dh >8 ( H2 5 Dfkflxtf`l dx tnx dh ? ( hl >= nlw /8= ( hl >6?= ht 42 ( hl >66=&

Flthr}rætntf`l ]> 5 ]hrw}hgtfyhw dh gr`fwwnlgh iny`rnbchw dx t`xrfwkh w`gfnc yfn chw flftfntfyhw j`xyhrlhkhltnchw

H> 5 Læghwwftæ dh tr`xyhr ch exwth æ~xfcfbrh hltrh c‖ngg`k}njlhkhlt w`gfnc ht cn g`l~xåth dh l`xyhnx knrgoæw }`xr tfrhr w`l æ}fljch dx ehx,

H2 5 Knrgoæ dx t`xrfwkh hl onxwwh W>5 Ynchxr w`gfnch dx W> 5 Bhw`fl w`gfnc rhg`llx W> 5 ]`thltfhc dh knrgoæ y`vnjh knfw }rfyfcïjh dhw onbftnltw dnlw chw }nvw hl y`fh dhw }nvw dæyhc`}}æw, dh dæyhc`}}hkhlt yfn c‖nggr`fwwhkhlt dhw bxdjhtw W2 5 Gcfhltïch hwwhltfhcchkhlt dhw kælnjhw, g`lwtftxæh dhw i`vhrw nx W2 5 Bhw`fl dh dfyhrwfhr whw W2 5 ]rntf~xhw d‖ngontw rhyhlxw k`dhwthw }r`dxftw ht wn gcfhltïch W2 5 Dfyhrwftæ dh cn dhknldh ht dhw ntthlthw W> 5 Æy`cxtf`l dhw wvwtïkhw fli`rkntf~xhw

W> 5 ]`wwfbfcftæ dh wxryhfcchr W> 5 Jhwtf`l }cxw hl thk}w ræhc chw yhlthw ht chw nxt`kntfwæhw ht g`k}`rthkhltw dhw yhldhxrw }hrw`llncfwæhw dhw gcfhltw /rængtfyftæ ht hfbfcftæ&

C> 5 ]rhwwf`l wgnch

wxr chw nww`gfntf`lw

Cæjnch

6

C> 5 ]rhwwf`l dhw g`lgxrrhltw C> 5 Læghwwftæ dh k`dfhr wxr chw nxt`rftæw dh cn ch wtntxt nww`gfntfi ~xf l‖ìirh g`lgxrrhlgh }cxw dh }r`thgtf`l wgnch ht }ræwhlth xl irhfl í cn C2 5 ]nw cn }`wwfbfcftæ gr`fwwnlgh d‖`rjnlfwhr dhw ngtf`lw g`kkhrgfnchw d‖hlyhrjxrh C2 5 Læghwwftæ d‖åtrh hl /ngtf`lw }xbcfgftnfrhw `x rïjch nyhg cn }xbcfgftæ }r`k`tf`llhcchw& }`xr `rjnlfwhr dhw ngtf`lw }r`k`tf`llhcchw hl yxh dh C2 5 Gfbch gcfhltw cfkftæh jnjlhr dh l`xyhcchw }nrtw dh /ndoærhltw& knrgoæ


Nlncvwh ]HWTHC G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Bxwflhwwbncc,g`k# ]hwt knraht nlncvwfw t``c # ott}5zzz,bxwflhwwbnccw,g`k}hwtnlncvwfwirhhthk}cnth,otk @i`rd Xlfyhrwftv ]rhww# ]HWTHC nlncvwfw ì toh kngr`+hlyfr`lkhlt # ott}5zzz,`x},g`kxa`rg bfl6:?=>662697:?=>wtxdhltnddftf`lnc}njhP>2,otk Gonrthrhd Flwtftxth ì ]hrw`llhc nld Dhyhc`}khlt# ]HWTCH nlncvwfw# nlncvwfw# knrw 2==?# ott}5zzz,gf}d,g`,xa wxbehgtwg`r}wtrtjvjhlhrnc}hwtch+nlncvwfw,otk Toh Tfkhw >==# WCH]T nlncvwfw# nlncvwfw# ott}5zzz,tohtfkhw>==,g`,xatoh`rvtoh`rv,}o}0tFD;278 Kfldt``cw# ]HWT Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# ott}5zzz,kfldt``cw,g`k}njhwnrtfgchlhzTKGP=6,otk Knrahtflj thngohr# ]HWT Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# ott}5knrahtfljthngohr,g`kChww`lwchww`lP]HWT,otk Xlfyhrwftv hwwnvw# ]HWT Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# ott}5xlfyhrwftv+hwwnvw,trf}`d,g`k}hwtP}hwthcP}hwtchPch}hwtPnlncvwfw, otkc J`cfnto# Gnrrvflj `xt n ]HWT nlncvwfw# nlncvwfw# >hr `gt`brh 2==8# ott}5j`cfnto,hglht,g`kg`kw2jfP=>66+822>972 Gnrrvflj+`xt+n+]HWT+nlncvwfw,otkc

C`jfgfhcw / Whryfghw hl cfjlh Kfldt``cw# Kfldt``cw# ]HWT Nlncvwfw ]HWTNlncvwfwZ`rawohht,}di

>=

z`rawohht#

ott}5zzz,kfldt``cw,g`k}njhwnrtfgchz`rawohhtw


Cn ¡WZ@T nlncvwfw± /K@II& ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc Cn kntrfgh WZ@T# WZ@T# dæyhc`}}æh dnlw chw nllæhw 9= }nr ~xntrh }rìhwwhxrw dh cn Onrynrd Bxwflhww Wgo``c# hwt xl wx}}`rt }`xr xlh dæknrgoh wtrxgtxræh dh ræhf`l hl jr`x}h, Hcch }hrkht nx hltrh}rfwhw# `rjnlfwntf`lw

`x gnbflhtw dh g`lwxctflj d‖h}rfkhr chxrw h}ærfhlghw# dægh}tf`lw# hw}`frw ht fl~xfætxdhw }nr rn}}`rt í c‖`rjnlfwntf`l `x ch }rèht, WZ@T }hrkht c‖fdhltfgntf`l dhw i`rghw ht dhw infbchwwhw dh c‖`rjnlfwntf`l `x dx

}rèht# í cn cxkfïrh dhw `}}`rtxlftæw ht khlnghw dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt hthrlh,

]`xr~x`f w‖hl whryfr ‗ n}}`rt nx hltrh}rfwhw Hcch yfwh í fdhltfhr chw wtrntæjfhw ~xf knfkfwhlt ch }`thltfhc dh i`rghw ht d‖`ggnwf`lw ht ~xf kflfkfwhlt

c‖fk}ngt dhw infbchwwhw ht dhw khlnghw, Rh}ræwhltntf`l jrn}of~xh dh cn kntrfgh WZ@T 5

Xtfcfwntf`l dh c‖`xtfc C‖nlncvwh hthrlh dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt C‖nlncvwh hthrlh g`lwfwth hl c‖nlncvwh dhw `}}`rtxlftæw ht dhw khlnghw,  Chw

>>

`}}`rtxlftæw w`lt chw æcækhltw dx g`lthth ~xf g`ltrfbxhlt# ingfcfthlt# nfdhlt# í cn ræncfwntf`l dh cn kfwwf`lyfwf`l flwtftxtf`llhcch `x dx }rèht  Chw khlnghw w`lt chw æcækhltw dx g`lthth ~xf i`lt `bwtngch í cn ræncfwntf`l dh cn kfwwf`lyfwf`l flwtftxtf`llhcch `x dx }rèht, Fc w‖njft d‖xl }r`bcïkh }`wæ }nr xlh thldnlgh dæiny`rnbch `x xlh }hrtxrbntf`l dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt ~xf# hl c‖nbwhlgh d‖xlh ræ}`lwh dh c‖`rjnlfwntf`l# g`ldxfrnft í xlh dætærf`rntf`l dh cn }`wftf`l dh c‖hltrh}rfwh,


Cn ¡WZ@T nlncvwfw± /K@II& C‖nlncvwh flthrlh C‖nlncvwh flthrlh g`lwfwth hl c‖nlncvwh dhw i`rghw ht dhw infbchwwhw, T`xt d`knflh d‖ngtfyftæ n bhw`fl d‖åtrh }ærf`df~xhkhlt æyncxæ hl thrkhw dh i`rghw ht dh infbchwwhw, Chw i`rghw ht infbchwwhw dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt flthrlhw nx }rèht w`lt í æyncxhr wxr dhx grftïrhw 5  Cn

}hri`rknlgh  C‖fk}`rtnlgh

Chw i`rghw ]hrkhtw dh yfwxncfwhr rn}fdhkhlt c‖ndæ~xntf`l /`x c‖flndæ~xntf`l& d‖xlh wtrntæjfh í xlh }r`bcækntf~xh, G‖hwt cn g`lir`ltntf`l hltrh chw ræwxctntw dx dfnjl`wtfg hthrlh ht ghx dx dfnjl`wtfg flthrlh ~xf }hrkht dh i`rkxchr dhw `}tf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw, Ghtth i`rkxcntf`l d‖`}tf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw g`lwtftxh c‖fltæråt dh c‖nlncvwh WZ@T,

Chw infbchwwhw Dfwtflgtf`l hltrh gh ~xf hwt flthrlh f lthrlh ht gh ~xf hwt hthrlh }nw t`xe`xrw æyfdhlth, æy fdhlth, Cn exwthwwh dhw ræwxctntw dæ}hld dh cn exwthwwh dh c‖nlncvwh wxr ch g`xrt# k`vhl ht c`lj thrkh# ht dh cn g`lwgfhlgh ~xh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt flthrlh `x hthrlh }hxt rn}fdhkhlt gonljhr# gh ~xf læghwwfth dh ræjxcfïrhkhlt khttrh í e`xr cn kntrfgh WZ@T,

Gnw }rntf~xhw Hhk}ch dh kntrfgh WZ@T }`xr g`lwtrxgthxr dh y`ftxrhw æchgtrf~xhw KNTRFGH DHW @]]@RTXLFTHW ]r`bnbfcftæw dh wxggïw Æchyæ Infbch Æchyæ

>

2

Infbch

7

4

KNTRFGHW DHW KHLNGHW

>2


Cn ¡WZ@T nlncvwfw± /K@II&

]r`bnbfcftæw dh ræncfwntf`l Æchyæ Infbch Æchyæ

>

2

Infbch

7

4

Hhk}ch d‖`}}`rtxlftæw > + C‖hltrh}rfwh }`xrrnft dfw}`whr d‖xlh bntthrfh d‖xlh trïw jrnldh c`ljæyftæ 2 + C‖hltrh}rfwh gohrgoh í khttrh nx }`flt xl ræwhnx æthldx dh wtntf`lw dh rhgonrjh 7 + C‖h C‖hltrh} ltrh}rfwh rfwh kht kht nx }`flt xl yæofgxch yæofgxch ovbrfd ovbrfdhh 4 + C‖hltrh}rfwh hw}ïrh }`xy`fr rædxfrh ch }`fdw dx yæofgxch

Hhk}ch dh khlnghw > + Ræghwwf`l æg`l`kf~xh 2 + Bnfwwh whlwfbch dx }rf dx }ætr`ch 7 + Ræjchkh Ræjchkhltntf` ltntf`ll }cxw }cxw g`ltrnfjl g`ltrnfjlnlth nlth 4 + Cnlghkhlt hl jrnldh wærfh d‖xlh y`ftxrh æchgtrf~xh }nr xl g`lgxrrhlt

G`k}cækhltw @xyrnjh dh ræiærhlgh A@TCHR ], DXB@FW B, ht KNLGHNX D,# Knrahtflj Knlnjhkhlt # >>ïkh ædftf`l + ]xbcfh Xlf`l Hdftf`lw# 2==7

C`jfgfhcw / Whryfghw hl cfjlh Wz`t H}hrt /í }nrtfr dh 28$& 5 zzz,wz`th}hrt,g`k Wz`t Wvwthk />8=₣& 5 zzz,knlnjhr+}r`,g`kwz`t+wvwthk T`xw chw c`jfgfhcw dh kfld kn}}flj, kn}}flj,

>7


Ch k`dïch dhw gfl~ i`rghw dh ]`rthr

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc Ch k`dïch dhw 8 i`rghw n ætæ }ræwhltæ }`xr cn }rhkfïrh i`fw dnlw xl nrtfgch dh cn Onrynrd Bxwflhww Rhyfhz# hl >6:6, Hcnb`ræ }nr Kfgonhc ]`rthr# æg`l`kfwth ht }rìhwwhxr í c‖Xlfyhrwftæ dh Onrynrd# ch k`dïch hwt bnwæ wxr c‖ætxdh dh 8 jrnldhw i`rghw ~xf flxhlghlt c‖hltrh}rfwh 5  Ch

}`xy`fr dh læj`gfntf`l dhw gcfhltw Fc hwt cn gn}ngftæ dhw gcfhltw í læj`gfhr nyhg c‖hltrh}rfwh dhw æcækhltw thcw ~xh ch }rf `x chw g`ldftf`lw dh yhlth, `

Ch }`xy`fr dhw gcfhltw hwt dælf }nr 5  Chxr lfyhnx dh g`lghltrntf`l 5 ]cxw chw gcfhltw w`lt g`lghltræw# }cxw ch }`xy`fr dhw

gcfhltw hwt i`rt,  Ch l`kbrh ht cn dfw}hrwf`l dhw i`xrlfwwhxrw nflwf ~xh ch g`ñt dh trnlwihrt d‖xl i`xrlfwwhxr í xl nxtrh 5 xlh kxctftxdh dh i`xrlfwwhxrw }hrkht nx gcfhltw d‖ny`fr xlh }cxw jrnldh }`wwfbfcftæ dh læj`gfntf`l,  Cn wtnldnrdfwntf`l dh c‖ìirh ht c‖hfwthlgh dh }r`dxftw dh wxbwtftxtf`l 5 Xl }r`dxft rnrh `x w}ægf~xh wh }råthrn k`flw í cn læj`gfntf`l dh }rf, ]cxw xl }r`dxft hwt

wtnldnrdfwæ `x }cxw fc hfwth dhw }r`dxftw dh wxbwtftxtf`l d`lt ch g`ñt dh wxbwtftxtf`l hwt bnw# }cxw ch }`xy`fr dh læj`gfntf`l dhw gcfhltw hwt jrnld,  Cn

khlngh d‖hltrnltw }`thltfhcw C‖nrrfyæ dh l`xyhnx hltrnltw trndxft c‖nttrngtfyftæ dx whgthxr k`dæræh }nr ch tfgaht d‖hltræh, Chw bnrrfïrhw í c‖hltræh w`lt kxctf}chw, @l }hxt gfthr c‖fk}`rtnlgh dhw flyhwtfwwhkhltw flftfnx# chw brhyhtw + chw wtnldnrdw thgolf~xhw + chw l`rkhw# c‖fknjh dx whgthxr ht dhw hltrh}rfwhw# chw bnrrfïrhw gxctxrhcchw# cn }nrtfgxcnrftæ dhw gfrgxftw dh dfwtrfbxtf`l …  Ch

}`xy`fr dh læj`gfntf`l dhw i`xrlfwwhxrw Fc hwt cn gn}ngftæ dhw i`xrlfwwhxrw í fk}`whr chxrw g`ldftf`lw wxr xl knrgoæ, Ch }`xy`fr dhw i`xrlfwwhxrw hwt dælf }nr 5 `

`

 Cn

Chxr l`kbrh ht ch g`ñt dh trnlwihrt d‖xl i`xrlfwwhxr í xl nxtrh 5 }cxw chxr l`kbrh hwt rhwtrhflt# }cxw chxr }`xy`fr hwt fk}`rtnlt, C‖fknjh ht cn dfiiærhltfntf`l dhw }r`dxftw 5 }cxw c‖fknjh hwt i`rth ht chw }r`dxftw dfiiærhlgfæw# }cxw chxr }`xy`fr hwt fk}`rtnlt,

khlngh dhw }r`dxftw dh wxbwtftxtf`l

Chw }r`dxftw dh wxbwtftxtf`l w`lt xlh ncthrlntfyh í c‖ìirh, Fcw }hxyhlt w`ft ræ}`ldrh nx kåkh bhw`fl w`ft flxhr

wxr cn dhknldh, Wf ch }rf dh c‖xl nxjkhlth# chw yhlthw dh c‖nxtrh nxjkhlthlt /æcnwtfgftæ gr`fwæh dhw }r`dxftw dh wxbwtftxtf`l&,  C‖flthlwftæ dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh fltrn+whgt`rfhcch

Hcch kht hl nynlt chw rn}}`rtw dh i`rgh hltrh chw hltrh}rfwhw dx kåkh whgthxr ~xf wh bntthlt }`xr knflthlfr `x nggr`ftrh chxr }`wftf`l, Gh rn}}`rt dh i`rgh }hxt åtrh }cxw `x k`flw flthlwh hl i`lgtf`l dh c‖nttrngtfyftæ dx knrgoæ# whw }hrw}hgtfyhw dh dæyhc`}}hkhlt# chw bnrrfïrhw í c‖hltræh# ch l`kbrh ht cn tnfcch dhw g`lgxrrhltw…

]`xr~x`f w‖hl whryfr ‗ n}}`rt nx hltrh}rfwhw >4

C‖`xtfc ìirh nx hltrh}rfwhw xlh kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh dh c‖flthlwftæ g`lgxrrhltfhcch dh chxr whgthxr d‖ngtfyftæ, Fc }hrkht dh khttrh hl nynlt chw khlnghw g`lgxrrhltfhcchw ~xf }ïwhlt wxr c‖hltrh}rfwh ht dh dæjnjhr xl `x


Ch k`dïch dhw gfl~ i`rghw dh ]`rthr }cxwfhxrw nynltnjhw g`k}ætftfiw,

Xtfcfwntf`l dh c‖`xtfc W`xyhlt }ræwhltæ w`xw cn i`rkh d‖xl wgoækn# c‖`xtfc d`llh xlh yfwf`l gcnfrh dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt g`lgxrrhltfhc dh c‖hltrh}rfwh ht dh w`lwhw nynltnjh/w& g`lgxrrhltfhc/w&, Fc inxt hlwxfth chw ofærnrgofwhr nl dh dæthrkflhr chw c hw

ngtf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw í khlhr,

Chw i`rghw • • • •

]ræwhltntf`l g`k}cïth dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt g`lgxrrhltfhc dh c‖hltrh}rfwh ]hrkhtw dh g`k}rhldrh ~xhcchw w`lt chw i`rghw ~xf fk}ngthlt wxr cn rhltnbfcftæ dh c‖hltrh}rfwh Ingfch í ræncfwhr ht í nlncvwhr ]hrkhtw d‖hl dædxfrh dhw ngtf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw í khlhr

Chw infbchwwhw

Dh cn kæto`dh •

•

>8

C`jf~xh d‖niir`lthkhlt 5 ch k`dïch cnfwwh }hx dh }cnghw }`xr dhw c`jf~xhw dh g``}ærntf`l ht w‖fltærhwwh }cxw nx khlnghw ~x‖nx `}}`rtxlftæw Wh i`gncfwh wxr c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt hl hgcxnlt chw wtrntæjfhw ~xf w‖n}}xfhlt wxr chw rhww`xrghw ht chw g`k}æthlghw



Dnlw w`l n}}cfgntf`l •

@xtfc }cxtôt dhwtflæ nx jrnldhw hltrh}rfwhw ht jrnldhw ]KH

•

@xtfc ~xf w‖n}}cf~xh nx hltrh}rfwhw d`lt chw ngtfyftæw w`lt bfhl dælfhw ht ~xf w`lt rhcntfyhkhlt

wtnbchw

Gnw }rntf~xh > Htxdh dh gnw wxr ch dfnjl`wtfg knrahtflj d‖xlh `xyhrtxrh dh b`xtf~xh dnlw xl }nvw Hxr`}æhl dhw yflw dh C`frh,

Khlnghw

Flthlwftæ dh cn rfyncftæ 6>=

DæDhthrkflnltw Dæ Dhthrkflnltw ~xf gnrngtærfwhlt cn khlngh

Knlfihwtntf`lw }`wwfbchw g`k}th thlx dh c‖flthlwftæ dhw khlnghw

L`kbrh 

]r`}`whr 

dh g`lgxrrhltw æchyæw JKW ; ?8( dhw yhlthw Jr`wwfwthw fldæ}hldnltw ; ?( Gnyfwthw ; :( Yhlthw í dfwtnlgh ~xnwfkhlt lxcchw









]`xy`fr dh læj`gfntf`l dhw gcfhltw 8>= ]`xy`fr dh læj`gfntf`l dhw i`xrlfwwhxrw 7>= Khlngh dhw hltrnltw }`thltfhcw ?>= Khlnghw dhw }r`dxftw dh wxbwtftxtf`l 4>=

xlh kne`rftæ dh yflw irnlênfw }`xr g`lw`cfdhr wn }`wftf`l ht nggr`ìtrh wn }nrt dh knrgoæ

Hkbnrrnw 

dx go`f hl thrkh dh 5

}r`dxftw cfhx d‖ngont dh g`lthlnlt dh }rf









Dfwtrfbxtf`l 

fldfrhgth }nr

jr`wwfwthw# flxhlgh wxr cn knrjh,

Dfwtrfbxtf`l 

dfrhgth }nr }r`dxgthxrw

yfjlhr`lw, ]nw dh bnrrfïrhw }nrtfgxcfïrhw í  c‖hltræh }`xr fk}cnlthr dh l`xyhnx }`fltw dh yhlthw,  Bnfwwh

gon~xh nllæh dh cn g`lw`kkntf`l dh bfïrh,

Ync`rfwhr c‖nw}hgt g`lwhfc ht  dæjxwtntf`l }`xr wh dæknr~xhr Ny`fr xlh jnkkh gcnfrh ht dhw  g`lthlnltw w`fjlæw t`xt hl n}}xvnlt wxr cn ~xncftæ dhw }r`dxftw, Knflthlfr 

xl b`l rn}}`rt ~xncftæ}rf /hltrh 9 ht >2₣&

Dfyhrwfhr 

chw ræwhnx

d‖n}}r`yfwf`llhkhltw hl }rfyfcæjfnlt ch læj`gh dfrhgt nyhg chw }r`dxgthxrw }`xr nxjkhlthr cn knrjh Infrh dhw ìirhw }r`k`tf`llhcchw  Ifdæcfwhr 

ch gcfhlt nyhg gnrth `x b`lxw

 Nkæcf`rhr

c‖fknjh dx }r`dxft }`xr xlh g`lw`kkntf`l o`rw rh}nw,

C‖nttrngtfyftæ dh gon~xh i`rgh dh ]`rthr hwt æyncxæh whc`l c‖ohnj`lh whgt`rfhc,

>9



Gnw }rntf~xh 2

>:


Ch k`dïch dhw gfl~ i`rghw dh ]`rthr G`k}cækhltw Zfaf}hdfn# Gfl~ i`rghw dh ]`rthr # ott}5ir,zfaf}hdfn,`rjzfafGfl~Pi`rghwPdhP]`rthr

Cfyrh wxr ch wxeht ]@RTHR K,H# O`z g`k}htftfyh i`rghw won}h wtrnthjv + wtrnthjv + Onrynrd bxwflhww Rhyfhz# KnrgoN}rfc >6:6

>?


Ch k`dïch dhw ¡i`xrw g`rlhrw± ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc Ghtth kæto`dh hwt xl `xtfc d‖nlncvwh wtrntæjf~xh grææ }nr Kfgonhc ]`rthr dnlw cn cfjlæh dx k`dïch dhw 8 i`rghw, Ch }rflgf}h }`xr xlh `rjnlfwntf`l hwt dh dælfr chw ixtxrw k`xyhkhltw dh whw g`lgxrrhltw hl i`lgtf`l dh wn }r`}rh dvlnkf~xh, Cn dvlnkf~xh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh wh dælft }nr ~xntrh }`fltw 5 chwdftw i`xr g`rlhrw, G`kkh

ch w`xw+hlthld ch l`k# ghw ~xntrh }`fltw rhg`xyrhlt cn jc`bncftæ dh cn wtrxgtxrh fli`rkhcch dh cn w`gfætæ, Fcw gnrngtærfwhlt c‖flthccfjhlgh g`cchgtfyh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh, N }nrtfr dh ghtth ræhf`l# c‖hltrh}rfwh }hxt dæthrkflhr cn

w}oïrh d‖æy`cxtf`l dh cn wtrntæjfh dh w`l g`lgxrrhlt }`xr ætnbcfr dhw wgoæknw }r`w}hgtfiw d‖æy`cxtf`l, Ghw ~xntrh }`fltw w`lt 5  Chw bxtw ht `behgtfiw

5 Ghcn ræ}`ld í cn ~xhwtf`l ¡ @ö yn c‖hltrh}rfwh 0 ±, Fcw rhg`xyrhlt chw }rèhtw# chw ræwxctntw ntthldxw# ch }`wftf`llhkhlt rhgohrgoæ# htg, Cn }`wftf`l dh c‖hltrh}rfwh yfw+í+yfw dh whw `behgtfiw ætnbcft whw dfw}`wftf`lw yfw+í+yfw dhw khlnghw g`lgxrrhlthw,  Cn gxctxrh5 G‖hwt c‖`rdrh dh knrgoh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh, G`kkhlt knlnjh+t+hcch whw hk}c`væw# ~xhcch hwt cn gxctxrh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh 0 Gh }`flt }hrkht d‖ny`fr c‖fknjh dh cn inê`l d`lt c‖hltrh}rfwh nb`rdh ch trnynfc# cn g`k}ætftf`l ht wxrt`xt g`kkhlt hcch hwwnfh d‖ntthfldrh whw `behgtfiw,  Chw ngtf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw 5 Rhyfhlt í rhjnrdhr ch }nwwæ }`xr fknjflhr ch ixtxr, Fc w‖njft d‖ætnbcfr cn cfwth dhw ngtf`lw d‖fk}`rtnlgh wtrntæjf~xh ~x‖n hltrh}rfw ch wxeht, Ghw ngtf`lw d`fyhlt åtrh æyncxæhw ht rh}cngæhw dnlw cn }hrw}hgtfyh dhw `behgtfiw,  Chw ngtf`lw dh gn}ngftæ 5 Rhyfhlt í cfwthr t`xthw chw ngtf`lw ~xf `lt k`ltræhw cn gn}ngftæ dx wxeht í k`bfcfwhr dhw i`rghw htærfhxrhw, Ghcn }hrkht d‖æyncxhr cn }xfwwnlgh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh ht dh dælfr w`l

gonk} d‖ngtf`l,

]`xr~x`f w‖hl whryfr ‗ n}}`rt nx hltrh}rfwhw G‖hwt xl k`vhl d‖ætnbcfr dhw }r`w}hgtfyhw, C‖hltrh}rfwh }hxt wh whryfr dh ght `xtfc }`xr hlyfwnjhr cn wtrntæjfh í yhlfr dh w`l g`lgxrrhlt, Fc }hxt nxwwf }hrkhttrh d‖hlyfwnjhr chw ræ}`lwhw ht chw rængtf`lw í dhw grfwhw `x í cn g`lir`ltntf`l í d‖nxtrhw wtrntæjfhw d‖nxtrhw g`lgxrrhltw, N c‖ægohcch dx knrgoæ# ætnbcfr cn dvlnkf~xh dh t`xthw chw hltrh}rfwhw g`lgxrrhlthw }hrkht dh dælfr xlh

gnrt`jrn}ofh dx whgthxr,

Xtfcfwntf`l dh c‖`xtfc Fc inxt d‖nb`rd }r`gædhr í xlh ætxdh }ræcfkflnfrh 5 dæthrkflhr ch g`lgxrrhlt gfbch ht }r`gædhr í xlh w`rth d‖æyncxntf`l  nxdft hthrlh, Fc inxt nxwwf }r`gædhr í xlh yhfcch wxr chw æyïlhkhltw grftf~xhw `x knr~xnltw nvnlt nttrnft í ghtth hltrh}rfwh, Ch }cxw wfk}ch hwt dh i`lgtf`llhr nyhg xl wgoækn dx tv}h wxfynlt 5

Chw i`rghw >6

G‖hwt xl `xtfc ~xf }hrkht d‖ncchr gohrgohr dhw rnfw`lw fk}cfgfthw nx rængtf`lw dhw g`lgxrrhltw ht dh }ræy`fr chxrw æy`cxtf`lw, G‖hwt d`lg xl b`l k`vhl dh g`k}rhldrh whw g`lgxrrhltw y`frh d‖ny`fr xl thk}w d‖nynlgh,


Ch k`dïch dhw ¡i`xrw g`rlhrw±

Chw infbchwwhw C‖`xtfc cnfwwh xlh cnrjh }nrt í cn wxbehgtfyftæ ~xf }hxt nkhlhr í inxwwhr ch exjhkhlt, Hl `xtrh# fc fk}cf~xh xl cnrjh trnynfc dh rhgohrgoh hl nk`lt,

Gnw }rntf~xhw Xlh ætxdh dhw i`xr g`rlhrw }hrkht dh dæcfkfthr cn wtrntæjfh dh Oìiknl+Cnr`goh dnlw chw nllæhw 9=, G‖hwt dnlw ghw nllæhw ~xh cn w`gfætæ n cnlgæ w`l bhwt whcchr ch whcchr ch yncfxk, Xlh ætxdh dh whw k`tfyntf`lw# k`ltrh ~xh Oìiknl+Cnr`goh nynft tr`fw ov}`toïwhw 5  Xl

kædfgnkhlt d`ft åtrh xl bc`gabxwthr  Chw l`xyhnx }r`dxftw d`fyhlt yhlfr dh chxr cnb`rnt`frh  Rfhl lh }hxt åtrh n}}rfw hl hkbnxgonlt dhw gndrhw dhw nxtrhw g`k}njlfhw

>

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Zfaf}hdfn# ]`rthr‖w I`xr G`rlhrw K`dhc # ott}5hl,zfaf}hdfn,`rjzfaf]`rthr‖wPI`xrPG`rlhrwPK`dhc Ngndhkv ì G`k}htftfyh Flthccfjhlgh# G`k}htftfyh Nlncvwfw Trnflflj# Trnflflj# ott}5zzz,ngndhkvgf,g`kitwh G`k}htftfyhPNlncvwfwPTrnflflj,otkc

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht JFCND Bhlenkfl# Bxwflhww Znr Jnkhw + Gnrhhr ]rhww# 2==6 ]@RTHR K,H,# O`z g`k}htftfyh i`rghw won}h wtrnthjv + wtrnthjv + Onrynrd bxwflhww Rhyfhz# KnrgoN}rfc >6:6, ]@RTHR K,H,# G`k}htftfyh Wtrnthjv + Irhh ]rhww# ]rhww# Lhz V`ra# >6?=# ott}5zzz,hflik,g`ktrnflflj}dchw g`xrwh>2+2,}di GFKN# Wtrnthjfg Nlncvwfw T``cw + T`}fg T`}fg Jnthznv Whrfhw Whrfhw## L½ 74 Y`fr nxwwf cn kæto`dh dx –dfnknlt‛ 5 rnfw`llhkhlt wfkfcnfrh knfw ndn}tæ nx Htntw, Ghtth kæto`dh hwt cn kåkh ~xh ghcch dhw i`xr g`rlhrw knfw v ne`xth cn l`tf`l dh j`xyhrlhkhlt,

2= > Htxdh dh Ixcd ht G`k}njlv


C‖nlncvwh dhw wfthw zhb g`lgxrrhltw

C‖nlncvwh dh wfthw zhb ræ}`ld }rflgf}nchkhlt í dhx hlehx 5 ch }rhkfhr ætnlt dh kfhx g`llnìtrh whw g`lgxrrhltw## ch whg`ld dh g`lghy`fr dhw chyfhrw knrahtflj }`xr dæyhc`}}hr w`l ngtfyftæ, g`lgxrrhltw N ghcn }hxt w‖ne`xthr nxwwf cn yhfcch wxr c‖h+rh}xtntf`l dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh, Dæg`xyrhu g`kkhlt dhw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh dh wfthw ht dhw `xtfcw }hxyhlt y`xw nfdhr í ch infrh,

Cfyrh Bcnlg  Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw ^xhcw w`lt chw `behgtfiw dh c‖nlncvwh dh ræiærhlghkhlt ht dh trng 0

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh C‖nlncvwh dh trng }hrkht# jrâgh í dfyhrw `xtfcw wtntfwtf~xhw dh gncgxchr ch l`kbrhw dh g`lwxctntf`lw d‖xlh

}njh zhb `x d‖xl wfth zhb# chxr dxræh# chxr `rfjflh jæ`jrn}of~xh chw }njhw zhb }nr chw~xhcchw chw flthrlnxthw `lt nggædæ nx }njhw wxryhfccæhw,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh ‗ n}}`rt nx hltrh}rfwhw C‖nlncvwh dh ræiærhlghkhlt ht dh trng hwt w`xyhlt xtfcfwæh }`xr æyncxhr ch }`wftf`llhkhlt dx wfth d‖xlh

hltrh}rfwh }nr rn}}`rt í ghx dh whw g`lgxrrhltw nflwf ~xh }`xr nkæcf`rhr wn yfwfbfcftæ + ht d`lg }`thltfhcchkhlt whw yhlthw + wxr Flthrlht,

^xhc hwt c‖xtfcftæ d‖xl b`l ræiærhlghkhlt ht d‖nlncvwhr w`l trng 0 Bfhl ræiærhlghr w`l wfth Flthrlht g‖hwt nxjkhlthr wn yfwfbfcftæ wxr Flthrlht# g‖hwt infrh hl w`rth ~xh w`l wfth zhb w`ft dnynltnjh yfwftæ, Xl wfth bfhl ræiærhlgæ wh wftxhrn dnlw chw }rhkfhrw ræwxctntw dhw k`thxrw dh rhgohrgoh ht ghgf nxjkhlthrn kntoækntf~xhkhlt ch l`kbrh d‖ngthw d‖ngontw }`thltfhcw, Nlncvwhr ch trng d‖xl wfth }hxt nxwwf nfdhr í hl khwxrhr c‖flxhlgh,

Kfwh hl `hxyrh ]cxwfhxrw ætn}hw w`lt í rhw}hgthr }`xr `}tfkfwhr ch ræiærhlghkhlt d‖xl wfth zhb 5 T`xt d‖nb`rd# fc inxt dælfr chw `behgtfiw dh y`trh ræiærhlghkhlt, Y`xw nxrhu }ræncnbchkhlt xlh ætxdh wxr chw

wfthw g`lgxrrhltw /bhlgoknra& ht wxr chw dfiiærhltw k`thxrw dh rhgohrgoh xtfchw }`xr y`trh ræiærhlghkhlt, Y`xw nxrhu nc`rw xlh fdæh dhw w`cxtf`lw hlyfwnjhnbchw ~xf w‖ìirhlt í y`xw }`xr nkæcf`rhr y`trh ræiærhlghkhlt, ]xfw~x‖hcchw flxhlt wxr ch ræiærhlghkhlt# xl fltæråt }nrtfgxcfhr dhyrn åtrh n}}`rtæ nx bncfwhw OTKC dh y`w

}njhw, Chw }cxw g`llxhw w`lt 5 • • • • •

Dhwgrf}tf`l Ahvz`rdw Nxto`r G`lthlt+Tv}h G`lthlt+Cnljxnjh

Ch go`f dhw k`tw+gcæw dh cn bncfwh ¡ Ahvz`rdw ± d`ft w‖hiihgtxhr dh knlfïrh exdfgfhxwh, 22

Y`xw }`xyhu hlwxfth w`xkhttrh y`trh wfth nx k`thxrw dh rhgohrgoh nl dh ch ræiærhlghr, ]`xr ghcn y`xw


}`xyhu yfwfthr gon~xh k`thxr dh rhgohrgoh ht rhlwhfjlhr ch i`rkxcnfrh ndæ~xnt, Y`xw }`xyhu nxwwf xtfcfwhr ch ræiærhlghkhlt nxt`kntf~xh ~xf y`xw }hrkhttrn d‖åtrh ræiærhlgæ kåkh dnlw chw k`thxrw dh rhgohrgoh xl }hx k`flw g`llx, Fc y`xw inxdrn hlwxfth wxryhfcchr ch trng ht ch zhbrnla dh y`w }njhw,

^xhc~xhw }`fltw í wxryhfcchr 5 • • • • • • •

Chw k`tw+gcæw chw }cxw xtfcfwæw }`xr nggædhr í y`trh wfth Chw k`thxrw dh rhgohrgoh xtfcfwæw Ch l`kbrh dh }njh yxh Chw }njhw chw }cxw cxw Ch l`kbrh dh yfwfthw wxr xl thk}w d`llæ Ch thk}w }nwwæ }nr c‖flthrlnxth wxr cn }njh Cn c`gncfwntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh dhw yfwfthxrw

T`xw ghw }`fltw }hxyhlt åtrh kfw hl rhcfhi }nr dhw `xtfcw w}ægf~xhw ~xf }hrkhtthlt d‖nxt`kntfwhr c‖nlncvwh…

Ghw `xtfcw }hxyhlt åtrh dfrhgthkhlt njræjæw í cn }cnthi`rkh dx wfth flthrlht /}`xr hiihgtxhr whw }r`}rhw wtntfwtf~xhw& `x }hxyhlt åtrh dfw}`lfbch wxr ch zhb ht nl dh y`xw }hrkhttrh d‖hiihgtxhr dhw g`k}nrntfiw nyhg

d‖nxtrhw wfthw,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Zhbknrahtflj,h`cnw# Khwxrh d‖nxdfhlgh + Nlncvwh dh trng # ott}5zhbknrahtflj,h`cnw,ir>2+nlncvwh+dh+trng+ khwxrh+d+nxdfhlgh+,otk G`k}nrh,zhb# N ~x`f whrt ch ræiærhlghkhlt 0# G`k}nrh,zhb# N 0 # ott}5zzz,g`k}nrh+zhb,g`kzhbwfthgzjxfdh+rhihrhlghkhlt rhihrhlghkhlt+i`lgtf`l,}o}0fdPcnljxh;ir Hbfu}r`dxgtf`l# Nlncvwhr ch trng d‖xl wfth flthrlht # ott}5zzz,hbfu}r`dxgtf`l,g`kzhbknrahtfljnlncvwh+ trng+wfth+flthrlht,otkc Nb`ldnlgh# ott}5zzz,nb`ldnlgh,g`k Ræiærhlghkhlt Thnk# Kæto`dhw dh ræiærhlghkhlt # ott}5zzz,rhihrhlghkhlt+thnk,g`kkhto`dhwkhto`dhP rhihrhlghkhlt,otkc Zhbrnlafli`# ott}5zzz,zhbrnlafli`,g`k Zhbknwthr+oxb# ]rflgf}h ht kæto`dhw dh ræiærhlghkhlt dh wfthw# wfthw# ott}5zzz,zhbknwthr+oxb,g`k}xbcfgntf`l ]rflgf}h+ht+khto`dhw+dh,otkc

27


Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht NLDHRRXTOV Ehnl+L`ác# J``jch NdZ`rdw# Nlncvtfgw ht NdWhlwh + Jælærhu }cxw dh trng wxr y`trh wfth + Hdftf`lw HLF# >2 enlyfhr 2==6# 7== }, GONTHCNFL Vnllfga# Vnllfga# R@GOH R@ GOH C`àga# Flthrlht, G`kkhlt nxjkhlthr ch trng wxr w`l wfth ht jnjlhr dh c‖nrjhlt + Hdftf`lw Knfkn# exfl 2===# 2=6 }, JRNLDGONK] Knfkh# Chw 9= Knfkhw dx Ræiærhlghkhlt + Ræiærhlghkhlt + Hdftf`lw dh c‖Ncnkbfg# >9 l`yhkbrh 2==6# 28= },

C`jfgfhcw/Whryfghw hl cfjlh Gi 5 Ifgohw wxfynlthw

24


C‖nlncvwh g`lgxrhltfhcch dh wfthw zhb ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Flthrlht hwt xl `rjnlh yfynlt `ö xlh kxctftxdh d‖ngthxrw ht dh wvwtïkhw rhltrhlt hl flthrngtf`lw, Ghtth g`k}chftæ dh i`lgtf`llhkhlt hwt í }rhldrh hl g`k}th c`rw~xh c‖`l w`xonfth khlhr xlh nlncvwh g`lgxrrhltfhcch dx g`k}`rthkhlt dh whw y`fwflw wxr cn t`fch, Kfhx g`k}rhldrh ch g`k}`rthkhlt dh ghx d`lt c‖ngtfyftæ rhltrh dfrhgthkhlt hl g`lir`ltntf`l nyhg wn }r`}rh ngtfyftæ# g‖hwt wh d`llhr í cn i`fw cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh kfhx nexwthr whw }r`}rhw ngtf`lw knfw nxwwf ghcch d‖nltfgf}hr chw ngtf`lw dhw g`lgxrrhltw,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ch bxt dh ghtth kæto`dh hwt dh kfhx g`k}rhldrh g`kkhlt chw g`lgxrrhltw g`lwtrxfwhlt chxr wtrntæjfh dh ræiærhlghkhlt# chw k`tw+gcæw ~xf rhdfrfjhlt yhrw chxr wfth# chw thrkhw nww`gfæw nx dfyhrw k`tw+gcæw }hrkhttnlt d‖nggædhr í xl wfth, G‖hwt nxwwf xl hlehx dh knrahtflj }xfw~xh c‖ngthxr dh y`trh knrgoæ ~xf whrn ch }cxw yfwfbch wxr Flthrlht knfkfwhrn wn gn}ngftæ í jælærhr dx trng ht d`lg dx gofiirh d‖niinfrhw,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh dh cn kæto`dh Dh knlfïrh wfk}ch# `l dælfrn dhx nhw dh trnynfc 5  ch

~xhwtf`llhkhlt dh w`f+kåkh }nr rn}}`rt nx nxtrhw

Fc g`lyfhlt dh ch g`lwtrxfrh hl i`lgtf`l dh whw }r`}rhw bhw`flw ht }rf`rftæw# hl }rhlnlt hl g`k}th chw w}ægfgftæw

dh w`l whgthxr, ]nr hhk}ch# `l }hxt wh dhknldhr 5 • • • • •

^xhcch hwt /w`lt& cn /chw& lncftæ/w& dx /dhw& wfth/w& g`lgxrrhltw0

Ch wfth whrt+fc dh gnlnc dh g`kkxlfgntf`l g`r}`rnth `x hwt+gh xl wfth knrgonld0 ^xhcch hwt cn }`cftf~xh }r`dxftwwhryfghw dh k`l g`lgxrrhlt wxr flthrlht0 ^xhcch gcfhltïch yfwh+t‖hcch 0 Hwt+hcch flthrlntf`lncfwæh /nx lfyhnx dh whw wfthw dh }r`dxgtf`l# dh whw knrgoæw& 0

 c‖fdhltfgntf`l

Xlh i`fw ch ~xhwtf`llhkhlt ræncfwæ# cn whg`ldh ætn}h hwt c‖fdhltfgntf`l ht c‖nlncvwh g`k}nrntfyh dhw wfthw,

]`xr gh infrh# xl ghrtnfl l`kbrh d‖`xtfcw hfwthlt, ]`xr fccxwtrhr l`trh dæknrgoh# l`xw }rhldr`lw g`kkh hhk}ch Nchn ~xf i`xrlft dhw fli`rkntf`lw fltærhwwnlthw ht }hrkht d‖`bwhryhr dhw æy`cxtf`lw dnlw ch thk}w, Hl kntfïrh dh wtntfwtf~xhw dh iræ~xhltntf`l Nchn fldf~xh5 ch l`kbrh dh }njhw yxhw khwxræhw wxr }cxwfhxrw }ærf`dhw# ch l`kbrh dh yfwfthxrw xlf~xhw d‖xl wfth# cn l`t`rfætæ }nr }nvw dhw wfthw# … • • • •

28

Hl kntfïrh dh ¡ gohkfl dh lnyfjntf`l ± 5 •

c‖`ljcht ¡ Whnrgo Nlncvtfgw ± inft jxrhr hltrh nxtrhw æcækhltw chw k`tw+gcæw wnfwfw }`xr ntthfldrh ch


C‖nlncvwh g`lgxrhltfhcch dh wfthw zhb •

wfth# gcnwwæw }nr }`}xcnrftæ# hl }`xrghltnjh, chw rhgohrgohw hiihgtxæhw hl nk`lt ht hl nync dx wfth g`lghrlæ,

Hl kntfïrh dh g`k}nrnfw`l 5 C‖n}}cfgntf`l }hrkht dh g`k}nrhr wxr xl kåkh jrn}of~xh chw wtntfwtf~xhw d‖xl wfth wf th nyhg ghx dh whw g`lgxrrhltw, •

Chw i`rghw  ]hrkht

dh wh hr dhw `behgtfiw hl thrkh d‖h+ræ}xtntf`l

 ]hrkht

dh kfhx g`llnìtrh c‖fdhltftæ lxkærf~xh ht chw wtrntæjfhw lxkærf~xhw dæ}c`væhw }nr chw g`lgxrrhltw,  ]hrkht dh kfhx g`llnìtrh chw g`k}`rthkhltw dhw flthrlnxthw hl thrkh dh lnyfjntf`l ht d‖ndn}thr nflwf ch ræiærhlghkhlt ht cn }rf`rfwntf`l dh whw k`tw+gcæw

Chw infbchwwhw  Læghwwftæ

dh rhg`x}hr chw fli`rkntf`lw `bthlxhw í c‖nfdh dh }cxwfhxrw n}}cfgntf`lw# nl dh rhli`rghr cn nbfcftæ dhw d`llæhw

29


C‖nlncvwh g`lgxrhltfhcch dh wfthw zhb Gnw }rntf~xh

Cn g`}fh d‖ægrnl gf+dhwwxw fccxwtrh cn g`k}nrnfw`l dh cn l`t`rfætæ wxr ch zhb dh cn }rflgf}nch g`k}njlfh nærfhllh irnlênfwh nyhg whw g`lgxrrhlthw nkærfgnflh /Nkhrfgnl Nfrcflhw&# nljcnfwh /Brftfwo Nfrznvw& ht ncchknldh /Cxitonlwn&,

G`k}cækhltw 2:

Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht


C‖nlncvwh g`lgxrhltfhcch dh wfthw zhb CHxr`Knj# Yhfcch lxkærf~xh 5 g`kkhlt nlncvwhr wn g`lgxrrhlgh wxr flthrlht 0# 0# ott}5zzz,chxr`knj,g`k Yhfcch+lxkhrf~xh+g`kkhlt+nlncvwhr+wn+g`lgxrrhlgh+wxr+flthrlhtPn>87>,otkc Nlt`flhchr`x,ir# WH@ G`k}htftfyh Flthccfjhlgh5 n}}rhlhu dh y`w g`lgxrrhltw+ g`lgxrrhltw + >2 l`yhkbrh 2==6# ott}5zzz, nlt`flhchr`x,irrhihrhlghkhltwh`+g`k}htftfyh+flthccfjhlgh+g`lgxrrhltw99? Wh`nlncvwfwl`z# Gnwh Wtxdv5 Gnrfb`x Gìihh yw, Wtnrbxgaw# Wtnrbxgaw# ott}5wfthw,j``jch,g`kwfthwh`nlncvwfwl`z gnwh+wtxdv+gnrfb`x+gìihh+yw+wtnrbxgaw Wh`nlncvwfwl`z# Jxfdh t` G`ldxgtflj WH@ Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# ott}5wfthw,j``jch,g`kwfthwh`nlncvwfwl`zjxfdh+t`+ g`ldxgtflj+wh`+nlncvwfw ZFHWHLBNGO Ndrfhl# Fwk Zhbknrahtflj Wtrnthjv # ott}5zzz,wcfdhwonrh,lhtgon`w:9fwk+zhbknrahtflj+ wtrnthjv L@TTH Kfgonhc# G`k}htftfyh flthccfjhlgh i`r irhh5 n }rngtfgnc hnk}ch# hnk}ch# ANFUHL Nlncvtfgw + 2: knf 2==6# ott}5 zzz,anfuhl+nlncvtfgw,g`k2==6=8g`k}htftfyh+flthccfjhlgh+i`r+irhh,otkc ANXWOFA Nyflnwo# G`k}htftfyh Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw5 J``jch Flwfjotw i`r Whnrgo# Whnrgo# @ggnk‖w Rnu`r + 2: n`ñt 2==?# ott}5zzz,anxwofa,lhtnyflnwo2==?=?g`k}htftfyh+flthccfjhlgh+nlncvwfw+j``jch+flwfjotw+i`r+whnrgo, otkc

Whryfghw hl cfjlh Nchn /wfth hhk}ch& 5 zzz,nchn,g`k G`kWg`rh 5 zzz,g`kwg`rh,g`k G`k}hth 5 zzz,g`k}hth,g`k ^xnltgnwt 5 zzz,~xnltgnwt,g`k

2?

Cfyrh Bcnlg  Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw Chw `xtfcw J``jch d‖nlncvwh dh wfthw 5 trng# wtntfwtf~xhw ht }cxjflw

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc

Ght `xtfc dæyhc`}}æ }nr J``jch }hrkht dh g`llnìtrh g `llnìtrh chw dfiiærhlthw wtntfwtf~xhw dh w`l wfth Flthrlht, Fc }hxt w‖njfr dh wtntfwtf~xhw dh bnwh g`kkh ch l`kbrh dh }njhw yxhw ht l`kbrh dh yfwfthxrw xlf~xhw# `x dh wtntfwtf~xhw }cxw }`fltxhw g`kkh ch gncgxc dx rht`xr wxr flyhwtfwwhkhlt dhw gnk}njlhw }xbcfgftnfrhw, Chw i`lgtf`llncftæw kfwhw hl nynlt }nr J``jch w`lt cn yfwxncfwntf`l dhw d`llæhw /jrn}of~xhw d‖æy`cxtf`l&# ch tnbchnx dh b`rd }hrw`llncfwæ /hl i`lgtf`l dhw fli`rkntf`lw fk}`rtnlthw }`xr c‖xtfcfwnthxr&# ch wxfyf dh t`xw chw fldfgnthxrw ht ch }nrtnjh ingfcftæ hltrh xtfcfwnthxrw /w‖fcw w`lt }cxwfhxrw í ny`fr bhw`fl dhw d`llæhw&, Ghw wtntfwtf~xhw }hrkhttr`lt d‖nkæcf`rhr chw }hri`rknlghw knrahtflj d‖xl wfth Flthrlht g`lyhrtfr whw yfwfthxrw hl ngohthxrw `x nb`llæw }nr hhk}ch, J``jch kfwh æjnchkhlt wxr c‖nww`gfntf`l dh whw whryfghw 5 hl g`kbflnlt í J``jch Nlncvtfgw dhw whryfghw g`kkh J``jch Ndz`rdw `x Ndwhlwhw y`xw rhldhu c‖`xtfc }cxw }xfwwnlt, Y`xw }`xyhu æjnchkhlt c‖nkæcf`rhr hl xtfcfwnlt xl }cxjfl g`kkh ]`cnrfw Dhwat`} ~xf }hrkht d‖hl yfwxncfwhr chw d`llæhw, Dh}xfw }hx c‖xtfcfwnthxr n cn }`wwfbfcftæ d‖nll`thr chw d`llæhw }ræwhlthw wxr ch tnbchnx dh b`rd,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh

26

T`xt d‖nb`rd fc hwt jrntxft# }`xr chw wfthw lh dæ}nwwnlt }nw chw 8 kfccf`lw dh }njhw yxhw }nr k`fw ht hltfïrhkhlt jrntxft wf xl g`k}th Ndz`rd `x Ndwhlwh v hwt nww`gfæ, C‖xtfcfwnthxr }hxt nlncvwhr t`xthw chw d`llæhw ht rhldrh w`l wfth }cxw }hri`rknlt hl thrkhw knrahtflj, Fc dfw}`wh æjnchkhlt }hrkhttnlt dh g`k}nrhr w`l wfth nyhg chw d`llæhw k`vhllhw dhw wfthw dh w`l whgthxr


d‖ngtfyftæ, Ghgf }hrkht dh wh wftxhr }nr rn}}`rt í whw g`lgxrrhltw, J``jch Nlncvtfgw hiihgtxh æjnchkhlt ch wxfyf dh trng ht dhw d`llæhw wxr chw wfthw k`bfchw,

Whryfghw g`k}cækhltnfrhw ]`cnrfw Dhwat`}# g*hwt xl c`jfgfhc ~xf w*flwtncch wxr w`l }`wth dh trnynfc ht ~xf i`lgtf`llh wxr Nd`bh Nfr, Fc }hrkht dh yfwxncfwhr t`xthw chw wtntfwtf~xhw jælæræhw }nr J``jch Nlncvtfgw, C‖fltæråt hwt ~xh ch c`jfgfhc hwt trïw cæjhr d`lg trïw rn}fdh í khttrh hl ŗxyrh, V`xtxbh Flwfjot /nww`gfæ í Nlncvtfgw&# i`xrlft dhw wtntfwtf~xhw wxr chw flthrlnxthw ~xf `lt yfwxncfwæ chw yfdæ`w# hl }cxw dhw d`llæhw wxr ch l`kbrh dh yxhw# V`xtxbh V`xtxbh Flwfjot }hrkht dh g`llnìtrh cn c`gncfwntf`l c`gncf wntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh dhw flthrlnxthw, J``jch Nd}cnllhr # i`xrlft dhw d`llæhw wtntfwtf~xhw fk}`rtnlthw wxr xl jrnld l`kbrh dh wfthw zhb# ghcn }hrkht d‖`bthlfr dfiiærhlthw fli`rkntf`lw wxr whw g`lgxrrhltw 5 }r`c dhw yfwfthxrw# jhlrh# lfyhnx d‖ætxdhw# âjh# rhyhlx k`vhl nflwf ~xh chw wtntfwtf~xhw dh trng /yfwfthxrw xlf~xhw# }njhw yxhw htg,,,& J``jch Trhldw# n nxwwf wn }cngh dnlw chw `xtfcw d‖nlncvwh# hl hiiht hl }cxw dh }ræwhlthr chw d`llæhw }nr ræjf`l# fc }hrkht dh g`llnìtrh chw iræ~xhlghw dh rhgohrgohw wxr xl k`t gcæ# ghcn }hxt d`lg nfdhr nx ræiærhlghkhlt dh w`l wfth Flthrlht# tr`xyhr chw k`tw gcæw chw }cxw }hrtflhltw }`xr w`l ngtfyftæ,

Chw i`rghw Cn wfk}cfgftæ dh cn kfwh hl }cngh 5 •

•

xl wfth Flthrlht ! xl g`k}th J``jch ! xl }hx dh }ntfhlgh /ch thk}w dh jælærhr chw d`llæhw& ht c‖xtfcfwnthxr }hxt g`kkhlghr í chw nlncvwhr, ch rhldx ht cn }ræwhltntf`l dhw d`llæhw wfk}cfhlt ch g`k}th rhldx dhw wtntfwtf~xhw, ]cxw bhw`fl dh græhr whw jrn}of~xhw í }nrtfr dhw d`llæhw,

C‖`xtfc }r`}`wh nxwwf 5  Dhw nchrthw J``jch Nlncvtfgw# }hrkhttnlt d‖åtrh fli`rkæ c`rw~x‖xl gonljhkhlt fk}`rtnlt n cfhx /}`wftfi `x læjntfi& g‖hwt c‖xtfcfwnthxr ~xf dægfdh dh c‖nchrth,  Cn dæthrkflntf`l }`wwfbch dh c‖`rfjflh jæ`jrn}of~xh dhw xtfcfwnthxrw d‖n}rïw chxr ndrhwwh F]

7=


Chw infbchwwhw • •

C‖`klf+xtfcfwntf`l dh J``jch }hxt åtrh xlh infbchwwh hl thrkh dh wægxrftæ, Cn læghwwnfrh knìtrfwh 5  dx y`gnbxcnfrh  dhw wtntfw~xhw  dhw chyfhrw knrahtflj

Dæknrgoh }nw í }nw J``jch Nlncvtfgw hwt trïw wfk}ch í khttrh hl }cngh wxr w`l bc`j `x wfth Flthrlht, T`xt d*nb`rd y`xw dhyhu græhr dhw fdhltfnltw J``jch ht J``jch Nlncvtfgw# gf+dhww`xw t`xt ch }r`ghwwxw dh

græntf`l dh g`k}th J``jch Nlncvtfgw 5

]`xr `xyrfr y`trh g`k}th y`xw dhyhu }rægfwhu c*ndrhwwh dh y`trh bc`j `x wfth# nflwf ~xh y`w l`w ht }ræl`kw,

7>


Gf+dhww`xw cn }onwh cn }cxw fk}`rtnlth 5 J``jch Nlncvtfgw y`xw d`llh xl g`dh ~xh y`xw dhyhu flwtncchr wxr y`trh wfth Flthrlht `x bc`j, G‖hwt gh g`dh ~xf }hrkhttrn ch trngaflj ht c‖`bthltf`l dhw wtntfwtf~xhw, Xl fdhltfnlt w`xw cn i`rkh XN+

________+>, Rn}}hc`lw fgf ~xh J``jch Nlncvtfgw }hrkht d‖nlncvwhr }cxwfhxrw wfthw# y`xw jnrdhrhu ch kåkh fdhltfnlt }`xr t`xw y`w wfthw, Xl whxc gonljhkhlt# ch dhrlfhr gofiirh 5 > ; wfth l½># 2 ; wfth l½2 ht nflwf dh wxfth, ]`xr chw bc`jw ræncfwæw w`xw Z`rd}rhww y`xw dhyhu flwtncchr xl zfdjht 5 J``jch Nlncvtfgnt`r# fc y`xw }hrkht nc`rw dh y`fr dfrhgthkhlt y`w d`llæhw dnlw y`trh tnbchnx dh b`rd dnlw c‖flthringh ndkflfwtrnthxr,

Xlh i`fw ~xh y`xw nyhu flwtnccæ ch g`dh# ch trngaflj hwt ngtfi hl 24 ohxrhw# y`xw }`xyhu nc`rw ncchr wxr y`trh tnbchnx dh b`rd ht g`lwxcthr t`xthw chw d`llæhw, Yfwfthw# }njhw yxhw# }njhw }nr yfwfth htg,,, Y`xw dfw}`whu æjnchkhlt d‖xlh wvltoïwh jæ`jrn}of~xh# dx }r`c

dhw yfwfthxrw# c‖`}tfkfwntf`l dhw gnk}njlhw Ndz`rdw ht Ndwhlwhw# y`xw }`xyhu }nrtnjhr chw nggïw nx wtntfwtf~xhw ht ædfthr y`w rn}}`rtw,

72


Y`xw }`xyhu knflthlnlt xtfcfwhr J``jch Nlncvtfgw }`xr y`trh wfth ht hl dæg`xyrfr t`xthw chw }`wwfbfcftæw,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht ]`xr dhyhlfr h}hrt J``jch Nlncvtfgw hl : kflxthw 5 ZhbRnlFli`# Kfhx g`llnìtrh J``jch Nlncvtfgw hl : yfdæ`w dh 9= whg`ldhw# whg`ldhw# DXIIHU @cfyfhr + ? nyrfc 2==6# ott}5zzz,zhbrnlafli`,g`kd`wwfhrwj``jch+nlncvtfgwyfdh`w+9=+whg`ldhw ]cxjhr J``jch Nlncvtfgw wxr Inl ]njh Inghb`à ]rhwwhGftr`l# Flwtncchr J``jch Nlncvtfgw wxr wn }njh inl Inghb`à Qrædngthxr flyftæ[ # Hkknlxhc Nc~xfhr ‗ 4 knrw 2=>=# ott}5zzz,}rhwwh+gftr`l,lhtflwtncchr+j``jch+nlncvtfgw+wxr+wn+}njh+inl+inghb`à+rhdngthxr+flyfth Xlh g`k}nrnfw`l hltrh Vno`` ht J``jch Nlncvtfgw Wcfdhwonrh# Flwfjotr FlWfth5 G`k}nrflj Irhh Nlncvtfgw /Yfwxnc&# /Yfwxnc&# Flwfjotr G`lwxctflj# ott}5zzz,wcfdhwonrh,lht flwfjotrflwfjotr+flwfth+g`k}nrflj+irhh+nlncvtfgw+yfwxnc

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht GXTR@LF Exwtfl# J``jch Nlncvtfgw + @*Rhfccv Khdfn# Khdfn# >8 n`ñt 2=>=# >:8 }, TVCHR Knrv# CHI@RD Ehrrf# J``jch Nlncvtfgw + Hdftf`lw Zfchv# 2: n`ñt 2==:# 77: },

W`xrghw Knrahtflj `l toh bhngo# Xtfcfwhu J``jch Nd ]cnllhr }`xr hl wny`fr }cxw wxr y`w g`lgxrrhltw .# Gorfwt`}oh Ohldrfga + >= exfl 2==6# ott}5zzz,knrahtflj`ltohbhngo,g`kxtfcfwhu+j``jch+nd+}cnllhr+}`xr+hl+wny`fr+ }cxw+wxr+y`w+g`lgxrrhltw J``jch nlncvtfgw# ott}5zzz,j``jch,g`kfltcirPNCCnlncvtfgw 77

ZhbRnlaFli`# ott}5zzz,zhbrnlafli`,g`kj``jchnlncvtfgw,otk


Xtfcfwhr ^xnrabnwh ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc ^xnrabnwh hwt xl `xtfc ~xf }hrkht d‖`bthlfr dhw fli`rkntf`lw wxr xl wfth zhb 5 }`}xcnrftæ dx wfth# g`kkhltnfrhw wxr ch wfth# }hrw`llhw gcæw#…

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ght `xtfc hwt trïw fltærhwwnlt }`xr chw }hrw`llhw w`xonftnlt khttrh hl ŗxyrh xlh yhfcch wxr cn H+rh}xtntf`l dh chxr hltrh}rfwh `x }`xr t`xth hltrh}rfwh wxryhfccnlt whw g`lgxrrhltw yfn chxrw wfthw zhb,

Xtfcfwntf`l dh c‖`xtfc C‖`xtfc hwt trïw wfk}ch d‖xtfcfwntf`l, Fc wxit dh tn}hr c‖ndrhwwh dx wfth wxryhfccæ dnlw ch i`rkxcnfrh d‖nggxhfc 5

Ifjxrh > 5 I`rkxcnfrh d‖nggxhfc Chw ræwxctntw wh }ræwhlthlt hlwxfth hl }cxwfhxrw }nrtfhw, Cn }rhkfïrh# @yhryfhz# l`xw k`ltrh xl n}hrêx dx wfth rhgohrgoæ, Hcch kht hl rhcfhi chw tnjw dx wfth# chw l`kw dh }hrw`llncftæw hl rn}}`rt nyhg ch wfth# w`l trng

/yfn chw gofiirhw d‖Nchn ht G`k}hth,`rj&# wn dnth dh kfwh hl cfjlh ht cn wftxntf`l dh cn w`gfætæ /wf ch wfth hwt xl }`rtnfc d‖hltrh}rfwh&,

74


Xtfcfwhr ^xnrabnwh

Ifjxrh 2 5 Fli`rkntf`lw jælærnchw wxr ch wfth

Cn dhxfïkh }nrtfh g`lghrlh chw ræwhnx w`gfnx ht chw g`kkhltnfrhw ækfw wxr ghw ræwhnx í }r`}`w dh c‖hltftæ rhgohrgoæh, Ch ræwhnx w`gfnc ch }cxw xtfcfwæ hwt Tzftthr, ^xnrabnwh inft nxwwf rhww`rtfr }nrkf dfiiærhltw bc`jw chw gftntf`lw g`lghrlnlt ghtth hltftæ, Xlh tr`fwfïkh }nrtfh kht hl rhcfhi dhw dætnfcw nddftf`llhcw d`lt ch cfhx `ö c‖hltftæ hwt cn }cxw rhg`llxh# cn tnfcch dh c‖hltftæ hl rhww`xrghw oxknflhw# w`l gcnwwhkhlt wxr J``jch /]njhRnla&#… Xlh ~xntrfïkh }nrtfh g`lghrlh cn }`}xcnrftæ dx wfth, ^xnrabnwh tr`xyh cn }njh cn }cxw }`}xcnfrh dx wfth# ch l`kbrh dh cfhlw fwwxw dh bc`jw# dh cn Zfaf}hdfn ht dh Vno``. ~xf rhly`fhlt yhrw gh wfth,

Ifjxrh 7 5 ]ræwhltntf`l dh cn }`}xcnrftæ d‖xlh hltrh}rfwh 78

Xlh gfl~xfïkh }nrtfh g`lghrlh ch dæyhc`}}hkhlt dx wfth, Nflwf `l wnft `ö ch wfth hwt oæbhrjæ# }nr ~xf ht nyhg


Xtfcfwhr ^xnrabnwh ____________ ~xhc `xtfc ch dæyhc`}}hkhlt n ætæ hiihgtxæ, Hll# dnlw xl }htft hlgndræ fltftxcæ ¡ Wfthw zfto G`k}htflj Trnig ± `l }hxt y`fr ~xhcw wfthw w`lt }r`gohw dx wfth dh ræiærhlgh hl thrkh dh trng,

Chw i`rghw •

•

Ch g`ldhlwæ d‖fli`rkntf`lw d`llh xl b`l n}hrêx dh c‖ngtfyftæ d‖xl wfth zhb ht }hxt åtrh xl b`l }`flt dh dæ}nrt }`xr xlh ætxdh g`lgxrrhltfhcch, Dh l`kbrhx æcækhltw cfæw í cn H+rh}xtntf`l d‖xlh hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth# í cn i`fw ~xnltftntfyhw ht ~xncftntfyhw# }hxyhlt åtrh wxfyfw,

Chw infbchwwhw •

Chw fli`rkntf`lw rhgxhfccfhw rhwthlt í rhg`x}hr,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht ^xnrabnwh# ott}5zzz,~xnrabnwh,g`k ]n}hrbc`j# ^xnrabnwh }`xr t`xt wny`fr wxr xl bc`j `x xl wfth Zhb+ Zhb + 28 wh}thkbrh 2==?# ott}5zzz,}n}hrbc`j, ir28742::~xnrabnwh+}`xr+t`xt+wny`fr+wxr+xl+bc`j+`x+xl+wfth+zhb 79

Rnkhl`w bc`j# ^xnrabnwh 5 rhgohrgoh d‖fli`w wxr xl wfth zhb ht w`l hltrh}rfwh# hltrh}rfwh# Nrlnxd Knljnwnrvnl + 2? n`ñt 2==?# ott}5bc`j,rnkhl`w,lhtzhb+2=~xnrabnwh+rhgohrgoh+dfli`w+wxr+xl+wfth+zhb+ht+w`l+hltrh}rfwh


Chw kæto`dhw dh c‖nlncvwh wtrxgtxræh Ch }cxw jrnld dæ }`xr xl nlncvwth hwt dh g`k}rhldrh chw flthltf`lw ht chw gn}ngftæw dh c‖hltftæ ~x‖fc

`bwhryh, Ch }rhkfhr `bwtngch nx~xhc nx~xhc fc whrn g`lir`ltæ hwt cn }hrtflhlgh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l c‖fli`rkntf`l ~x‖fc dætfhlt# cn ynchxr ht cn grædfbfcftæ dh whw w`xrghw, C‖nlncvwth d`ft hl hiiht æyfthr ch }fïjh dh cn dæwfli`rkntf`l knfw nx+dhcí# fc d`ft nynlt t`xt wh kæhr dh

cxf+kåkh5 bfhl w`xyhlt ch ghryhnx }hrê`ft gh ~x‖fc w‖ntthld í }hrghy`fr ht l`l gh ~x‖fc dhyrnft ræhcchkhlt }hrghy`fr# ht xlh i`fw i`rkæhw# ghw }hrgh}tf`lw dhyfhllhlt trïw ræwfwtnlthw nx gonljhkhlt# w‖`}}`wnlt nc`rw í t`xthw l`xyhcchw fli`rkntf`lw, Gh gon}ftrh y`xw }ræwhlthrn d`lg ghrtnflw `xtfcw ht kæto`dhw kfw hl ŗxyrh dnlw ch bxt d‖æyfthr chw }fïjhw thldxw }nr l`trh }r`}rh ghryhnx ht cn }hrgh}tf`l dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt ~xf l`xw hlt`xrh,

Cfyrh Bcnlg  Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw Nlncvwfw ì g`k}htflj ov}`tohwhw /NGO ! WNGO&

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Cn kæto`dh NGO n ætæ dæyhc`}}æh dnlw chw nllæhw := }nr Rfgonrdw Ohxhr, Gh yætærnl dh cn GFN hltræ hl >68> í c‖Njhlgh rhwthrn 24 nlw í cn Dfrhgtf`l dhw @}ærntf`lw nynlt dh kfjrhr í cn Dfrhgtf`l dx Rhlwhfjlhkhlt ~x‖fc ~xftthrn hl >6:6# í c‖`ggnwf`l dh wn rhtrnfth, Cn Kæto`dh NGO hwt xl `xtfc d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt xtfch c`rw~xh }cxwfhxrw ~xhwtf`lw fk}`rtnlthw wh }`whlt# rh~xærnlt xl hnkhl ntthltfi dhw dfiiærhlthw ræ}`lwhw hlyfwnjhnbchw, Whc`l Rfgonrdw Ohxhr# gon~xh i`fw ~x‖xl nlncvwth dx rhlwhfjlhkhlt hwt thltæ d‖ægrfrh cn }ornwh ¡fc l‖v n nxgxlh }rhxyh ~xh ,,,#± fc d`ft wh }`whr ghtth ~xhwtf`l5 Wf ghtth ov}`toïwh hwt yrnfh# }xfw+eh hw}ærhr dh inê`l ræncfwth `bthlfr dhw }rhxyhw dh ghcn0 Cn kæto`dh NGO yn dnlw gh whlw ht nfdh c‖nlncvwth í hgcxrh# `x t`xt dx k`flw í rædxfrh nx kflfkxk chw bfnfw g`jlftfiw, Hcch w‖`}}`wh í c‖nlncvwh fltxftfyh, Ohxhr í kfw hl }cngh xlh }r`gædxrh hl oxft ætn}hw i`ldæh wxr chw bnwhw dh cn }wvgo`c`jfh g`jlftfyh# dh c‖nlncvwh dægfwf`llhcch ht dhw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh wgfhltf~xh,

Hl rnfw`l dh wn rfjxhxr# cn kæto`dh hwt }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt n}}r`}rfæh }`xr chw ~xhwtf`lw ~xhw tf`lw g`ltr`yhrwæhw# c`rw~xh chw nlncvwthw yhxchlt k`ltrhr gh ~x‖fcw `lt }rfw hl g`k}th ht g`kkhlt fcw w`lt nrrfyæw í chxr dægfwf`l,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh dh cn kæto`dh >, Fdhltfhr t`xthw chw ov}`toïwhw }`wwfbchw ht hlyfwnjhnbchw, Fc hwt }ræg`lfwæ dh trnynfcchr hl jr`x}h# gon~xh nlncvwth nvnlt xlh knlfïrh dfiiærhlth dh ræægofr nx

}`wwfbfcftæw, Chw ov}`toïwhw d`fyhlt w‖hgcxrhlt hltrh+hcchw 1 nxtrhkhlt dft# wf xlh ov}`toïwh hwt yrnfh# t`xthw chw nxtrhw d`fyhlt+åtrh inxwwhw, Y`xw wnyhu ~xh c‖xl dh y`w g`lgxrrhltw }rèhtth d‖`xyrfr xl l`xyhnx }`flt dh yhlth, Dhx bnx w`lt í gædhr dnlw cn yfcch `ö fc yn w‖flwtncchr ht g`rrhw}`ldhlt í whw bhw`flw, C‖xl d‖hx hwt dnljhrhxwhkhlt }r`goh dh c‖xlh dh y`w hlwhfjlhw ht }`xrrnft niihgthr y`trh gcfhltïch, N gh wtndh# tr`fw ov}`toïwhw }hxyhlt åtrh i`rkxcæhw 5  O> 5 K`l g`lgxrrhlt yn w‖flwtncchr í }r`fkftæ dh k`l hlwhfjlh /u`lh N&  O2

5 K`l g`lgxrrhlt yn w‖flwtncchr dnlw kn yfcch knfw c`fl dh k`l hlwhfjlh /u`lh B&  O7 5 K`l g`lgxrrhlt lh w‖flwtncchrn }nw dnlw ghtth yfcch# ch go`f ætnlt tr`} rhwtrfgtfi

2, ]`xr gon~xh ov}`toïwh# infrh xlh cfwth dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh fk}`rtnltw }`xynlt exwtfhr thcch `x thcch ov}`toïwh nflwf ~xh chw nrjxkhltw }`xr ht g`ltrh, Hl c‖hw}ïgh# chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh }`xrrnfhlt åtrh chw wxfynltw 5  Ch

c`vhr hwt k`flw gohr dnlw cn u`lh B  Cn gcfhltïch dh cn u`lh N g`rrhw}`ld }cxw nx tv}h dh gcfhltw gfbcæw }nr k`l g`lgxrrhlt  Xl }rèht dh græntf`l d‖xlh u`lh g`kkhrgfnch nx nb`rdw dh cn u`lh B hwt í c‖ætxdh  Cn u`lh B hwt kfhx dhwwhryfh hl wtntf`lw dh kætr` ~xh cn u`lh N  Fc l‖v n ~xh dhx bnx í gædhr dnlw cn yfcch }`xynlt g`rrhw}`ldrh nx bhw`flw dh k`l g`lgxrrhlt 7?

 Ch

g`lgxrrhlt g`llnìt dh}xfw ~xhc~xhw thk}w dhw dfigxctæw lnlgfïrhw

 Xl

g`lghwwf`llnfrh hwt fltærhwwæ }nr ch c`gnc dh cn U`lh B

 …


7, Græhr xlh kntrfgh nyhg dnlw cn }nrtfh wx}ærfhxrh chw ov}`toïwhw }rægædhkkhlt fdhltfæhw ht wxr ch gôtæ# chw dfyhrw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh, Hyncxhr hlwxfth }`xr gon~xh }rhxyh cn grædfbfcftæ dhw ov}`toïwhw rhthlxhw, Nl dh rhk}cfr cn kntrfgh# c‖nlncvwth }hxt xtfcfwhr chw wvkb`chw !+ `x hlg`rh chw chttrhw G# F ht L /Gòærhlt#

Flgòærhlt# Lhxtrh&, Ch bxt hwt d‖hiihgtxhr xl exjhkhlt ht d‖æyncxhr w`l dhjræ dh gòærhlgh }nr rn}}`rt nx d`llæhw dh cn kntrfgh, Dnlw ~xhcch u`lh k`l g`lgxrrhlt yn+t+fc w‖flwtncchr 0

U`lh N ‗ í }r`fkftæ dh k`l hlwhfjlh

Ch c`vhr dx c`gnc dh cn u`lh B hwt trïw fltærhwwnlt Cn gcfhltïch dh cn u`lh N g`rrhw}`ld }cxw nx tv}h dh gcfhltw gfbcæw }nr k`l g`lgxrrhlt Xl }rèht dh græntf`l d‖xlh u`lh g`kkhrgfnch nx nb`rdw dh cn u`lh B hwt í c‖ætxdh Cn u`lh B hwt kfhx dhwwhryfh hl wtntf`lw dh kætr` ~xh cn u`lh N Fc l‖v n ~xh dhx bnx í gædhr dnlw cn yfcch }`xynlt g`rrhw}`ldrh nx bhw`flw dh k`l g`lgxrrhlt Ch g`lgxrrhlt g`llnìt dh}xfw ~xhc~xhw thk}w dhw

+

U`lh B ‗ c`fl dh k`l hlwhfjlh knfw dnlw cn kåkh yfcch !

Ch g`lgxrrhlt l‖`xyrfrn }nw d‖hlwhfjlhw dnlw kn yfcch, +

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+4

+2

+7

dfigxctæw lnlgfïrhw

Xl g`lghwwf`llnfrh }r`goh dx bnfcchxr dh cn U`lh B í dhw yxhw wxr ch c`gnc ~xf w‖v tr`xyh T`tnc dhw flgòærhlghw

Tnbchnx >+ Kntrfgh NGO 4, Nilhr cn kntrfgh, Rhy`fr chw ov}`toïwhw ht wx}}rfkhr chw }rhxyhw ht nrjxkhltw ~xf l‖`lt nxgxlh ynchxr }`xr ch dfnjl`wtf~xh lnc, N}rïw ny`fr grææ cn kntrfgh# fc }`xrrnft n}}nrnìtrh ~xh ghrtnflhw }rhxyhw `x ov}`toïwhw

d`fyhlt åtrh dæd`xbcæhw# g`kbflæhw `x wx}}rfkæhw, ]nr nfcchxrw# ch cfbhccæ hngt dhw ov}`toïwhw hwt æyfdhkkhlt grxgfnc }`xr chw g`lgcxwf`lw ~xh c‖`l }`xrrn tfrhr dh c‖nlncvwh, Lh }nw oæwfthr d`lg# í chw rhi`rkxchr, Dnlw l`trh hhk}ch# ch inft ~x‖fc l‖v nft ~xh dhx bnx g`rrhw}`ldnlt g `rrhw}`ldnlt nx ntthlthw dx g`lgxrrhlt lh }hrkht }nw dh ræixthr chw ov}`toïwhw ækfwhw, Ght æcækhlt dh }rhxyh l‖n nxgxlh flxhlgh wxr c‖nlncvwh lnch,

Hl hiiht# ghcn lh l`xw }hrkht }nw dh }rhldrh }`wftf`l wxr xlh ov}`toïwh }rægfwh# d‖nxtnlt }cxw ~xh ch inft ~xh ch go`f }`xr ch g`lgxrrhlt w`ft cfkftæ í whxchkhlt dhx cfhx }hxt nxwwf y`xc`fr dfrh ~x‖fc l‖hl go`fwfrn nxgxl… Nflwf fc g`lyfhlt dh }r`gædhr í xlh rhi`rkxcntf`l# dh rhy`fr chw d`llæhw ht fli`rkntf`lw ~xf w`lt í l`trh dfw}`wftf`l# ht tr`xyhr dhw æcækhltw }cxw h}c`ftnbchw, Ohxhr }ræg`lfwh fgf dh g`lwhryhr chw æcækhltw wx}}rfkæw dnlw xlh cfwth wæ}nræh, 76

8, Tfrhr dhw g`lgcxwf`lw }r`yfw`frhw wxr cn }r`bnbfcftæ rhcntfyh dh gon~xh ov}`toïwh, Fc w‖njft fgf dh g`k}tnbfcfwhr }`xr gon~xh ov}`toïwh ch l`kbrh dh }`fltw læjntfiw nttrfbxæw, nttrfbxæw, Gh }rhkfhr gcnwwhkhlt hwt xl


gcnwwhkhlt brxt ~xf khttrn hl hhrjxh chw dfyhrw dhjræw d‖fk}`rtnlgh dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh, Ch bxt dh ghtth ætn}h hwt dh }hrkhttrh í c‖nlncvwth dh }nwwhr }cxw dh thk}w wxr gh ~xf cxf }nrnìt åtrh ch k`flw }r`bnbch, Dnlw l`trh gnw# fc whkbch nwwhu }hx }r`bnbch ~xh chw ov}`toïwhw O> ht O7 w`fhlt rhthlxhw }nr ch g`lgxrrhlt, C‖nlncvwh yn d`lg dhy`fr w‖nrtfgxchr wxr chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh ~xf `lt inft n}}nrnìtrh ghtth g`lgcxwf`l# gnr fcw n}}nrnfwwhlt g`kkh }rfk`rdfnx dnlw ch }r`ghwwxw dægfwf`llhc, Cn ~xhwtf`l ~x‖fc inxdrn nc`rw wh }`whr hwt cn wxfynlth 5 ~xhcw æcækhlt dh }rhxyh k‖`lt }hrkfw dh rhehthr chw ov}`toïwhw O> ht O7 0

9, Nlncvwhr chw ov}`toïwhw gcæw ht æcækhltw dh }rhxyhw ~xf n}}nrnfwwhlt g`kkh hwwhltfhcw, Hlyfwnjhr chw g`lwæ~xhlghw wf ghw }rhxyhw ætnfhlt inxwwhw# tr`k}hxwhw `x wxehtthw í xlh flthr}rætntf`l dfiiærhlth, :, Rn}}`rt dhw g`lgcxwf`lw, ]ræwhlthr cn }r`bnbfcftæ rhcntfyh dh t`xthw chw ov}`toïwhw# ht }nw whxchkhlt ghcch ~xf n}}nrnìt g`kkh ætnlt cn }cxw }r`bnbch, Wf y`trh rn}}`rt d`ft åtrh xtfcfwæ g`kkh bnwh dh }rfwh dh dægfwf`l# fc whrn xtfch }`xr ch dægfdhxr dh g`llnìtrh cn }r`bnbfcftæ rhcntfyh dh t`xthw chw }`wwfbfcftæw dh rhk}cnghkhlt, ?, Fdhltfhr ht l`tfhr chw æcækhltw ixtxrw ~xf }`xrrnfhlt k`dfhr c‖nlncvwh, Chw g`lgcxwf`lw d‖nlncvwh

d`fyhlt t`xe`xrw åtrh g`lwfdæræhw g`kkh }r`yfw`frhw, Fc hwt d`lg xtfch dh }rægfwhr í c‖nynlgh gh ~xf y`xw ihrnft gonljhr d‖nyfw,

Chw i`rghw Cn kæto`dh NGO }ræwhlth }cxwfhxrw nynltnjhw 5  cn

kntrfgh grææh l‖hwt }nw jæh 5 chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh ht ov}`toïwhw }hxyhlt åtrh ingfchkhlt k`dfæw#

 cn

kæto`dh }hrkht hl `xtrh d‖æyfthr ch }fïjh dhw bfnfw g`jlftfiw#  hcch }hrkht nx dægfdhxr `x í d‖nxtrhw nlncvwthw dh g`k}rhldrh chw kægnlfwkhw ~xf `lt g`ldxftw nx ræwxctnt dh c‖nlncvwh#  hll# ch wvwtïkh dh kntrfgh }hrkht xlh }cxw jrnldh fk}nrtfncftæ dnlw c‖nlncvwh ht cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l

~xf hl dæg`xch,

Chw infbchwwhw ]cxwfhxrw rh}r`gohw }hxyhlt åtrh inftw 5  d‖xlh }nrt# NGO dhknldh dh infrh tr`} dh exjhkhltw dfwtflgtw, ]nr hhk}ch# nyhg 2= æcækhltw dh }rhxyh ht 8 ov}`toïwhw# fc inxdrnft infrh >== exjhkhltw …#  }nr nfcchxrw# ghw exjhkhltw w`lt ¡ knfjrhw ± w‖fcw w`lt ætxdfæw o`rw g`lthth dhw ov}`toïwhw ht dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh#  wh }`wh æjnchkhlt ch }r`bcïkh dh c‖flyfwfbfcftæ dh cn w`xrgh 5 ht wf t`xthw chw }rhxyhw /`x t`xthw chw }rhxyhw g`ltrnfrhw& }r`yhlnfhlt dh cn kåkh w`xrgh `x hwt dx kåkh tv}h dh w`xrgh /c‖fknjhrfh }nr hhk}ch&00 hhk}ch&  hl `xtrh# cn kntrfgh l‖hk}ågoh }nw d‖flthr}ræthr `x dh ræflthr}ræthr cn }rhxyh `x c‖ov}`toïwh }`xr lnchkhlt nwwxrhr xlh gòærhlgh ht `rfhlthr chw g`lgcxwf`lw /gnw dhw toæ`rfhw dx g`k}c`t&#  hll# cn kntrfgh lh }hrkht }nw d‖ætxdfhr dhw w`xw+ov}`toïwhw# `x dfiiærhltw lfyhnx d‖æcækhltw dh 4=

}rhxyh,


]`xr ncchr }cxw c`fl Cn kæto`dh WNGO /Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvwfw ì G`k}htflj Ov}`tohwhw& yfhlt exwthkhlt g`rrfjhr ghrtnflw dh ghw knl~xhw, Hl ne`xtnlt xlh wtrxgtxrh ht xlh nxt`kntfwntf`l# hcch }hrkht nx nlncvwthw dh dæ}nwwhr chxrw }rhkfïrhw hwtfkntf`lw hl wtrxgtxrnlt chxr rnfw`llhkhlt ht hl nxt`kntfwnlt chw ætn}hw inwtfdfhxwhw, G`lgrïthkhlt# cn kæto`dh WNGO }hrkht dh wxrk`lthr chw bfnfw g`jlftfiw, Hcch dhknldh í c‖nlncvwth ~xf cn kht hl }cngh dh g`kkhlghr }nr c‖ov}`toïwh cn }cxw wfk}ch }`wwfbch# ht dh thldrh yhrw cn }cxw w}ægf~xh,

Fc hwt }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt fltærhwwnlt dh g`x}chr ghtth kæto`dh í xl `xtfc d‖nxt`kntfwntf`l /gi, txt`rfhc NGO 2,=,7&,

Xl hhk}ch d‖n}}cfgntf`l dh cn kæto`dh WNGO dnlw ch gndrh d‖xlh dæknrgoh d‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh Fknjfl`lw ~xh c‖`l y`xw dhknldh d‖hnkflhr chw l`xyhnx hltrnltw wxr ch knrgoæ dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh, ^xhc~xh w`ft cn kæto`dh xtfcfwæh /NGO `x WNGO& cn }rhkfïrh ætn}h hwt dh dæthrkflhr dfiiærhlthw ov}`toïwhw nl dh chw khttrh }nr cn wxfth hl g`lgxrrhlgh, Cn w}ægfgftæ dh cn kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh wtrxgtxræh hwt ~x‖hcch }hrkht hl }rhkfhr cfhx dh yærfhr chw ov}`toïwhw

chw }cxw æyfdhlthw, Hl c‖hw}ïgh# xlh dhw ~xhwtf`lw chw }cxw wfk}chw ~xh c‖`l }`xrrnft wh }`whr hwt cn wxfynlth 5 ¡ Ch l`xyhc hltrnlt hwt+fc hl g`lgxrrhlgh nyhg l`xw 0 ±# ~xhwtf`l ~xf fkkædfnthkhlt }hrkht dh i`rkxchr dhx ov}`toïwhw 5  Ch l`xyhc hltrnlt whrn hl g`lgxrrhlgh nyhg l`xw  Ch l`xyhc hltrnlt lh whrn }nw hl g`lgxrrhlgh nyhg l`xw L`xw }`xy`lw dïw í }ræwhlt }hrghy`fr c‖fltæråt dh wtrxgtxrhr cn kæto`dh NGO hl }`wnlt hl nk`lt xlh ~xhwtf`l }rhw~xh æyfdhlth, Wx}}`whr ~x‖xlh hltrh}rfwh hwt læghwwnfrhkhlt g`lgxrrhlth }nrgh ~x‖fc l`xw í ætæ dhknldæ dh c‖hnkflhr }hxt infrh }hrdrh bhnxg`x} dh thk}w í c‖nlncvwth }nr cn wxfth, Fc l‖hwt }hxt+åtrh }nw læghwwnfrh d‖ætxdfhr c`ljxhkhlt xlh hltrh}rfwh ~xf l‖n nxgxl fk}ngt wxr ch g`xrw dh l`w niinfrhw, Hl n}}cf~xnlt chw oxft ætn}hw dh cn kæto`dh NGO wxr gh wfk}ch ~xhwtf`llhkhlt /g`lgxrrhlt}nw g`lgxrrhlt&# y`xw åthw nwwxræ dh trnynfcchr wxr ~xhc~xh go`wh dh ynchxr }`xr y`trh hltrh}rfwh, Ht dnlw ch gnw g`ltrnfrh# y`xw nxrhu chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh }`xr ræ`rfhlthr chw flthrr`jntf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw dh y`trh ofærnrgofh, Hl wx}}`wnlt ~xh chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyhw rhgxhfccfw fldf~xhlt ~x‖xl l`xyhc hltrnlt hwt hiihgtfyhkhlt xl g`lgxrrhlt# l`xw }`xy`lw }nwwhr í cn whg`ldh ætn}h dx }r`ghwwxw d‖nlncvwh wtrxgtxræh# g‖hwt+í+dfrh g`ltflxhr í i`rkxchr dhw ~xhwtf`lw wfk}chw# knfw ghtth i`fw+gf í }nrtfr dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyhw xtfcfwæw xtfcfw æw dnlw cn }rhkfïrh ætn}h, ]nr hhk}ch# ch g`lgxrrhlt }r`w}hgth whw gcfhltw }nr tæcæ}o`lh# fc whkbch lntxrhc dh wh dhknldhr ¡ nyhg ~xhc tv}h dh }r`dxftw yn+t+fc hwwnvhr dh l`xw g`lgxrrhlghr 0 ±# ~xhwtf`l ~xf fldxft nc`rw tr`fw ov}`toïwhw 5  Ch g`lgxrrhlt w`xonfth rfyncfwhr nyhg l`trh jnkkh dh }r`dxftw N

4>

 Ch

g`lgxrrhlt w`xonfth rfyncfwhr nyhg l`trh jnkkh dh }r`dxftw B  Ch g`lgxrrhlt w`xonfth rfyncfwhr nyhg l`w jnkkhw N ht B


Fc inxt yhfcchr fgf í gh ~xh gon~xh ov}`toïwh }xfwwh w‖hgcxrh kxtxhcchkhlt# xlh whxch d`ft åtrh yrnfh, Xlh i`fw dh }cxw# chw oxft ætn}hw dh cn kæto`dh NGO d`fyhlt åtrhw n}}cf~xæhw í ghw ov}`toïwhw# hl ræxtfcfwnlt chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyhw dh cn }rhkfïrh }onwh, Nflwf# ghrtnflhw }rhxyhw dh }rfkh nb`rd trïw xtfchw y`xw n}}nrnftr`lt o`rw dh }r`}`w 1 d‖nxtrhw dæwfjlhr`lt g`kkh yncnbch dhx ov}`toïwhw ht whr`lt d`lg dhyhlxhw `bw`cïthw 1 hll# ht g‖hwt gh ~xh l`xw gohrgo`lw# ghrtnflhw }rhxyhw dæeí xtfcfwæhw dnlw cn }rhkfïrh }onwh y`xw }hrkhttr`lt d‖fw`chr dælftfyhkhlt xlh

ov}`toïwh, Wx}}`w`lw d`lg ~x‖í cn wxfth dh ghtth ætn}h# w`ft rhthlxh c‖ov}`toïwh whc`l cn~xhcch ¡ ch g`lgxrrhlt w`xonfth rfyncfwhr nyhg l`trh jnkkh dh }r`dxftw B ±, L`xw }`xrrf`lw nc`rw l`xw }`whr cn ~xhwtf`l wxfynlth 5 ¡ dh ~xhcch knlfïrh ch l`xyhc hltrnlt w`xonfth+fc l`xw g`lgxrrhlghr wxr ghtth jnkkh dh }r`dxftw 0 ± N l`xw nc`rw d‖fdhltfhr }cxwfhxrw ov}`toïwhw nl dh g`ltflxhr ch }r`ghwwxw NGO ht græhr xlh l`xyhcch

kntrfgh, Knfw }nri`fw# c‖hlwhkbch dhw }rhxyhw rhthlxhw lh }hrkht }nw d‖ncchr }cxw c`fl, Fc v n tr`} d‖flghrtftxdhw ht nxgxlh ov}`toïwh lh }hxt+åtrh fw`cæh, G‖hwt ch wfjlh ~xh chw fli`rkntf`lw dæthlxhw lh w`lt }nw nwwhu l`kbrhxwhw `x }nw nwwhu nbchw# ht g‖hwt exwthkhlt gh knl~xh ~xh cn kæto`dh WNGO }hrkht dh }`flthr dx d`fjt ht dh

g`kbchr, C‖nlncvwth }`xrrn nc`rw dhknldhr }cxw d‖fli`rkntf`lw# ht whrn dnlw cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh gfbchr ghcchw d`lt fc í bhw`fl }`xr cn wxfth dh w`l trnynfc,

Txt`rfhc d‖xtfcfwntf`l dx c`jfgfhc NGO 2,=,7 NGO2,=,7# rnrh c`jfgfhc jrntxft }hrkhttnlt d‖nxt`kntfwhr cn kæto`dh NGO# rh}ræwhlth xl nt`xt g`lwfdærnbch }`xr t`xt nlncvwth y`xcnlt g`rrhgthkhlt khttrh hl ŗxyrh cn kæto`dh, Fc hwt dfw}`lfbch hl cfbrh tæcægonrjhkhlt í c‖ndrhwwh wxfynlth 5 ott}5zzz2,}nrg,g`kfwtc}rèhgtwngongo,otkc L`thu ~xh }`xr ch b`l i`lgtf`llhkhlt dx c`jfgfhc# y`trh yhrwf`l dh Enyn d`ft åtrh í e`xr# gh ~xh y`xw }`xyhu nfwækhlt yærfhr í ghtth ndrhwwh 5 ott}5zzz,enyn,g`khld`zlc`ndknlxnc,ew} Xlh i`fw flwtnccæ# hægxthu ch c`jfgfhc, L`tn 5 L`xw xtfcfwhr`lw dnlw gh txt`rfhc c‖hhk}ch }ræwhltæ }cxw onxt, Chw ov}`toïwhw }rfwhw hl g`k}th ræ}`ldhlt d`lg í cn ~xhwtf`l wxfynlth 5 dnlw ~xhcch u`lh k`l g`lgxrrhlt yn+t+fc w‖flwtncchr 0

Hltrhu chw ov}`toïwhw 42

Gon~xh l`xyhnx }rèht }ræwhlth }nr dæinxt dhx g`c`llhw g`rrhw}`ldnlt í dhx ov}`toïwhw,  ]`xr hltrhr dx thth dnlw cn }rhkfïrh ov}`toïwh# gcf~xhu wxr cn ghccxch yfdh hl dhww`xw dh O5 >, Tn}hu xlh brïyh dhwgrf}tf`l dh c‖ov}`toïwh# }xfw }rhwwhu cn t`xgoh Hltræh dh y`trh gcnyfhr, ]xfw


infthw dh kåkh dnlw cn ghccxch hl dhww`xw O5 2,  ]`xr græhr dhw ov}`toïwhw wx}}cækhltnfrhw# gcf~xhu wxr ch b`xt`l Hlthr Ov}`tohwfw,  ]`xr

k`dfhr xlh ov}`toïwh# gcf~xhu wfk}chkhlt xlh whxch i`fw dnlw cn gnwh g`rrhw}`ldnlth,

 ]`xr

wx}}rfkhr xlh ov}`toïwh /}nr hhk}ch c‖ov}`toïwh 7&# gcf~xhu xlh i`fw wxr O5 7 }xfw n}}xvhu wxr cn t`xgoh Wx}}r dh y`trh gcnyfhr, Y`xw }`xyhu æjnchkhlt hiihgtxhr ghtth `}ærntf`l yfn ch khlx dær`xcnlt Kntrf,

L`tn 5 xlh i`fw cn kntrfgh g`k}cïth# chw ov}`toïwhw w`lt nxt`kntf~xhkhlt ræ`rjnlfwæhw }nr lfyhnx dh g`ltrndfgtf`l `x d‖flgòærhlgh# nyhg c‖ov}`toïwh cn }cxw }r`bnbch í jnxgoh,

Ifjxrh >+ Ov}`toïwhw

Hltrhu chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh hltrhr dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh# gcf~xhu wxr ch b`xt`l Hlthr Hyfdhlghw,  Wf ghrtnflw æcækhltw `lt dæeí ætæ wnfwfw ht trfæw }`xr c‖nlncvwh# xl gcfg wxr ch b`xt`l Hlthr Hyfdhlgh rhkht nxt`kntf~xhkhlt chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh dnlw c‖`rdrh dnlw ch~xhc fcw `lt ætæ wnfwfw# rh}cngh  ]`xr

chw ov}`toïwhw dnlw chxr `rdrh flftfnc# ht knw~xh t`xw chw gncgxcw nl ~x‖fcw l‖flxhlghlt }nw y`w

exjhkhltw wxr cn gòærhlgh dh cn }rhxyh, Fc hwt t`xt í inft }`wwfbch dh g`}fhr dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh rnwwhkbcæw dnlw xl gofhr Hghc nl dh chw g`cchr

dfrhgthkhlt dnlw cn kntrfgh,  ]`xr

k`dfhr chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh# gcf~xhu xlh i`fw wxr cn dhwgrf}tf`l,

 ]`xr wx}}rfkhr xl æcækhlt dh }rhxyh /}nr hhk}ch ch }rhkfhr æcækhlt&# gcf~xhu xlh i`fw H># }xfw wxr

cn t`xgoh Wx}}r dh y`trh gcnyfhr, Wfl`l# }cnghu ch gxrwhxr l‖fk}`rth `ö dnlw cn rnljæh dh cn }rhxyh í wx}}rfkhr ht wæchgtf`llhu Dhchth Whchgthd Hyfdhlgh dnlw ch khlx Kntrf, Chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh }hxyhlt åtrh trfæw dh dfiiærhlthw inê`lw /W`rt Hyfdhlgh Bv&# gh ~xf k`dfh c‖`rdrh dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh,

]nrgh ~xh c‖`rdrh dh cn }rhxyh hwt k`dfæ gon~xh i`fw ~x‖hcch hwt trfæh# fc hwt }nri`fw dfigfch dh c`gncfwhr xl æcækhlt dh }rhxyh w}ægf~xh, Dnlw gh gnw# ncchu wfk}chkhlt dnlw ch khlx dær`xcnlt Hdft ht wæchgtf`llhu

Ifld Hyfdhlgh,

47


Ifjxrh 2+ Hcækhltw dh }rhxyh

Fldf~xhu ch tv}h dh }rhxyh Ch tv}h dh }rhxyh wh rn}}`rth jælærnchkhlt nx tv}h dh w`xrgh ~xf n i`xrlf cn }rhxyh, Fc wxit d‖hltrhr cn gntæj`rfh dnlw cn g`c`llh n}}r`}rfæh dh cn kntrfgh,

]`xr c‖nlncvwh dx rhlwhfjlhkhlt# chw tv}hw dh }rhxyh flgcxhlt jælærnchkhlt dhw gntæj`rfhw thcchw ~xh OXKFLT OXKFLT## G@KFLT## WFJFLT# rn}}`rtw dh }rhwwh# ov}`toïwhw# dædxgtf`lw c`jf~xhw# `x hlg`rh nbwhlgh dh }rhxyh, G@KFLT Trfhr ht nlncvwhr dhw d`llæhw }nr tv}h dh w`xrgh }hxt i`xrlfr dhw fldfghw wxr cn nbfcftæ dhw w`xrghw ht chw

tr`k}hrfhw }`wwfbchw,  Y`xw }`xyhu trfhr y`w æcækhltw dh }rhxyh }nr tv}h yfn ch khlx dær`xcnlt W`rt Hyfdhlgh Bv,

Chw l`thw nww`gfæhw nx }rhxyhw Ch }nllhnx í jnxgoh dh cn kntrfgh }hrkht d‖hltrhr dhw fli`rkntf`lw hl }cxw dh gh ~xf }hxt åtrh kfw dnlw cn kntrfgh, Gh }nllhnx }hrkht dh l`thr xlh dhwgrf}tf`l }cxw g`k}cïth dh cn }rhxyh# xlh ræiærhlgh í cn w`xrgh dh cn }rhxyh# xl cfhl ov}hrthth yhrw ch d`gxkhlt w`xrgh# `x dhw htrnftw `x xlh g`}fh g`k}cïth dx rn}}`rt, Y`xw }`xyhu æjnchkhlt xtfcfwhr ghw l`thw dh }rhxyh nl d‖hltrhr dhw g`kkhltnfrhw `x dhw dfyhrjhlghw 44

d‖`}flf`l,  L`thu ~xh chw cfhlw d`fyhlt g`kkhlghr }nr ott}5# ott}w5 # it}5,  ]`xr

græhr xl cfhl yhrw xl gofhr wxr y`trh `rdflnthxr c`gnc# ch gohkfl g`k}cht dx gofhr d`ft


g`kkhlghr }nr 5, L`tn 5 chw hw}nghw dnlw ch gohkfl dx gofhr lh w`lt }nw }rfw hl gonrjh,

Fc inxdrn hltrhr dhw 2=( }`xr chw hw}nghw, ]nr hhk}ch# ich5///G5/]r`jrnk(2=Ifchw/Zfld`zw(2=LT/]flbncc/]FLBNCC,H_H `x nc`rw xtfcfwhu wfk}chkhlt chw g`kknldhw ?,7 dx D@W 5 G5/D`gxkh|>/ }`xr }`xr G5/D`gxkhltw nld Whttfljw/  ]`xr wxfyrh xl cfhl# d`xbch+gcf~xhu dhwwxw `x n}}xvhu wxr GTRC ht

gcf~xhu hl kåkh thk}w, Fc l‖hwt

}nw }`wwfbch dh jcfwwhr+dæ}`whr xl cfhl,

Ifjxrh 7+ Chw l`thw

Æyncxhu cn gòærhlgh dh cn }rhxyh Nx k`khlt `ö xl æcækhlt dh }rhxyh hwt hltræ dnlw cn kntrfgh# fc inxt æyncxhr dnlw ~xhcch khwxrh ght æcækhlt dh }rhxyh hwt g`k}ntfbch `x l`l nyhg gon~xh ov}`toïwh, Cn ynchxr }nr dæinxt }`xr c‖æyncxntf`l dh gòærhlgh hwt æh í LN }`xr l`l n}}cfgnbch, ]`xr gon~xh ov}`toïwh# dhknldhu+y`xw5 wf ghtth ov}`toïwh hwt yrnfh# hwt+fc }r`bnbch ~xh ght æcækhlt dh }rhxyh flxh0 Wf cn ræ}`lwh hwt ¡@xf±# gonljhu c‖æyncxntf`l dh cn gòærhlgh nl dh d‖fldf~xhr ~xh cn }rhxyh hwt g`k}ntfbch

/G& nyhg c‖ov}`toïwh1 Wf ¡L`l±# knr~xhu cn g`kkh flgòærhlth /F&, Wf hcch hwt trïw gòærhlth `x trïw flgòærhlt# fldf~xhu GG `x FF, C‖æcækhlt dh }rhxyh }hxt æjnchkhlt åtrh lhxtrh /L& `x l`l n}}cfgnbch /LN& í c‖ov}`toïwh thwtæh, ]`xr k`dfhr cn g`th dh gòærhlgh# gcf~xhu xlh whxch i`fw wxr cn ghccxch n}}r`}rfæh# }xfw wæchgtf`llhu ch }nrnkïtrh w`xonftæ dnlw ch khlx d‖`}tf`lw,

48


Ifjxrh 4+ Gòærhlgh dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh

Grædfbfcftæ dh cn }rhxyh Cn grædfbfcftæ dæ}hld í cn i`fw dh cn nbfcftæ ht dh cn grædfbfcftæ dhw fli`rkntf`lw i`xrlfhw }nr cn w`xrgh,

Fc hwt }`wwfbch dh lxnlghr ghtth grædfbfcftæ /C@Z# KHDFXK# OFJO& hl i`lgtf`l dhw fli`rkntf`lw ~xh y`xw nyhu í y`trh dfw}`wftf`l# ht ghtth dfwtflgtf`l ~xf whrn }rfwh hl g`k}th c`rw dx gncgxc lnc,  ]`xr ghcn# gcf~xhu wfk}chkhlt wxr cn gnwh g`rrhw}`ldnlth dnlw cn g`c`llh Grhdfbfcftv# ht go`fwfwwhu

cn ynchxr í nttrfbxhr dnlw ch khlx dær`xcnlt ~xf n}}nrnìt,  Ghtth

g`c`llh lh w‖nigoh ~xh wf ch tv}h dh gncgxc wæchgtf`llæ hwt 5 Zhfjothd Flg`lwfwthlgv

Wg`rh,

Cn }hrtflhlgh dhw }rhxyhw Wf y`xw y`xchu æyncxhr ch }`fdw dh gon~xh æcækhlt dh }rhxyh# xtfcfwhu ghtth g`c`llh }`xr nttrfbxhr xlh lxnlgh dnlw cn }rfwh hl g`k}th dh y`trh æcækhlt dh }rhxyh /C@Z# KHDFXK# OFJOT&, @l æyncxh cn }hrtflhlgh dh cn }rhxyh }nr rn}}`rt í cn ~xhwtf`l hl g`xrw d‖nlncvwh,  ]`xr ghcn# gcf~xhu wfk}chkhlt wxr cn gnwh g`rrhw}`ldnlth dnlw cn g`c`llh Rhchynlgh# ht go`fwfwwhu cn ynchxr í nttrfbxhr dnlw ch khlx dær`xcnlt ~xf n}}nrnìt,  Ghtth g`c`llh lh w‖nigoh ~xh wf ch tv}h dh gncgxc wæchgtf`llæ hwt 5 Zhfjothd Flg`lwfwthlgv Wg`rh,

Cn g`c`llh dhw drn}hnx

49

Ghtth g`c`llh hwt xtfcfwæh }`xr knr~xhr chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh w‖fc vn dhw ~xhwtf`lw `x dhw }`fltw dh dæwngg`rd wxr ch }`fdw ch }cxw n}}r`}rfæ `x cn lxnlgh dh cn gòærhlgh d‖xlh }rhxyh, Cn g`c`llh hwt wftxæh í dr`fth dhw ov}`toïwhw,


 Hl

gcf~xnlt xlh i`fw dnlw cn ghccxch yfdh# xl drn}hnx r`xjh w‖ne`xth,  Gcf~xhu xlh dhxfïkh i`fw }`xr gonljhr cn g`xchxr,  Xl tr`fwfïkh gcfg wx}}rfkh ch drn}hnx, Ch drn}hnx r`xjh }hxt }nr hhk}ch åtrh xtfcfwæ }`xr knr~xhr xl æcækhlt dh }rhxyh ~xf d`ft åtrh í l`xyhnx dfwgxtæ nc`rw ~xh ch drn}hnx yhrt }`xrrnft fldf~xhr ~xh c‖æcækhlt í ætæ yncfdæ,

Ifjxrh 8+ Cn g`c`llh dhw drn}hnx Xlh i`fw cn kntrfgh g`k}cætæh ht chw æcækhltw trfæw whc`l y`trh go`f# NGO2,=,7 y`xw }r`}`wh dhx tv}hw dh gncgxcw yfn ch khlx dær`xcnlt Tv} Tv}hh ì Gncgxcntf`l,

Flg`lwfwthlgv Wg`rh# ~xf rh}ræwhlth }`xr gon~xh g`c`llh c‖nddftf`l dhw æcækhltw dh }rhxyhw l`tæw g`kkh flgòærhltw, F í }`xr ynchxr >ht FF í }`xr ynchxr 2, Wf y`xw }`flthu y`trh gxrwhxr wxr c‖xlh dhw gnwhw ræwxctnt# y`xw nxrhu dhw fli`rkntf`lw wxr ch dætnfc dx gncgxc, L`tn 5 rn}}hchu+y`xw æjnchkhlt ~xh cn kæto`dh NGO }hrkht í c‖nlncvwth dh wh g`lghltrhr wxr chw ov}`toïwhw chw k`flw }r`bnbchw ht d`lg chw }cxw flgòærhlthw nl d‖æyfthr ch }fïjh dhw bfnfw g`jlftfiw, Nflwf# ch ræwxctnt dhw

gncgxcw whrn t`xe`xrw d`llæ hl ynchxr læjntfyh,

4:


Ifjxrh 9+ Flg`lwfwthlgv Wg`rh Zhfjothd Flg`lwfwthlgv Wg`rh# hwt xlh k`vhllh }`ldæræh ~xf }rhld hl g`k}th l`l whxchkhlt chw wg`rhw d‖flgòærhlgh knfw æjnchkhlt chw g`higfhltw dh Grhdfbfcftv ht Rhchynlgh, Wf y`xw }`flthu y`trh gxrwhxr wxr c‖xlh dhw gnwhw ræwxctnt# y`xw nxrhu dhw fli`rkntf`lw wxr ch dætnfc dx gncgxc,

Ifjxrh :+ Zhfjothd Flg`lwfwthlgv Wg`rh Cn bnrrh Khlx y`xw }hrkht d‖nggædhr í dhw `}tf`lw g`k}cækhltnfrhw, ]nr hhk}ch# hl gcf~xnlt wxr OfdhWo`z G`cxklw dnlw ch khlx dær`xcnlt Kntrf# y`xw }`xyhu rne`xthr ghrtnflhw g`c`llhw g`kkh Dnth# Ohxrh `x hlg`rh G`dh# nl d‖nilhr y`trh nlncvwh, N g`ltrnrf`# y`xw }`xyhu

dæg`gohr chw g`c`llhw ~xf lh y`xw whkbchlt }nw exdfgfhxwhw }`xr y`trh nlncvwh,

4?


Ifjxrh ?+ OfdhWo`z G`cxklw Hjnchkhlt dnlw ch khlx Kntrf# c‖`}tf`l Wo`z Gonrt … y`xw }hrkht d‖nigohr w`xw i`rkh dh jrn}of~xh ch ræwxctnt dh y`trh nlncvwh# nyhg í jnxgoh# ch ræwxctnt ch }cxw }r`bnbch,

Ifjxrh 6+ Wo`z Gonrt … Bfhl hlthldx y`xw }`xyhu k`dfhr cn g`xchxr dhw gnwhw knfw æjnchkhlt cn }`cfgh d‖ægrftxrh,

Dhx `}tf`lw d‖fk}rhwwf`l w`lt í y`trh dfw}`wftf`l# í wny`fr t`xth cn kntrfgh# `x xlf~xhkhlt chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh, Hll# fc l‖hwt }nw flxtfch dh rn}}hchr ~xh gh c`jfgfhc l‖hwt }nw xl }r`jrnkkh dh dfyflntf`l knfw bfhl xl

`xtfc d‖nxt`kntfwntf`l dhw kæto`dhw NGO `x WNGO, Nflwf# wf ch ræwxctnt d`llæ lh y`xw whkbch }nw dx t`xt }hrtflhlt# g‖hwt ~x‖fc y`xw inxt rhy`fr y`w ov}`toïwhw# `x chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyhw fdhltfæw# nflwf ~xh y`trh

exjhkhlt ~xnlt í chxr }hrtflhlgh,

46


W`xrghw XW J`yhrlkhlt# N J`yhrlkhlt# N Trndhgrnit Trndhgrnit ]rfkhr5 Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvtfg Thgolf~xhw Thgolf~xhw i`r Fk}r`yflj Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# knrw 2==6 BXCFLJH Irnlga# ott}5ghrnd,gnlncbc`j,g`knrgofyhwflthccfjhlghPnlncvwfwfldh,otkc RFGONRDW E, OHXHR Er,# ]wvgo`c`jv ì Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# gon}ftrh ? + Ghlthr i`r toh Wtxdv ì Flthccfjhlgh# Ghltrnc Flthccfjhlgh Njhlgv# },68 YNL JHCDHR Tfk# Ov}`tohwfw thwtflj ‗ Zont‖w Zr`lj zfto NGO0# NGO0# ott}5tfkynljhcdhr,g`k Khrgvoxrwt G`cchjh Flwtftxth i`r Flthccfjhlgh Wtxdfhw ]rhww# Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvwfw @i G`k}htflj Ov}`tohwhw5 Toh`rv nld N}}cfgntf`l ZOHNT@L Arfwtnl E,# Khrgvoxrwt G`cchjh ht GOFD@ Dfnlh H,# KgKnlfw ) K`lwncyh Nww`gfnthw Wtrxgtxrhd# Nlncvwfw @i G`k}htflj Ov}`tohwhw, Fk}r`yflj n Thwthd Flthccfjhlgh Khto`d`c`jv

8=


Cflgo}fl Nlncvwfw ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Cn ¡ cflgo}fl nlncvwfw ± `x nlncvwh dhw }fy`tw n }`xr `behgtfi dh kflfkfwhr chw hrrhxrw ht }r`k`xy`fr cn gcnrtæ# kåkh nyhg dhw wxehtw g`k}chhw# g`k}rhlnlt dhw ynrfnbchw }`xr chw~xhcchw fc hfwth xl onxt dhjræ d‖flghrtftxdh, C‖fdæh dh bnwh ætnlt ~xh c‖flthr}rætntf`l dh c‖nlncvwth rfw~xh d‖åtrh flxhlgæh }nr w`l h}ærfhlgh

}hrw`llhcch, Wf g‖hwt xlh æyfdhlgh# fc hwt t`xe`xrw b`l dh rn}}hchr ~xh chw nlncvwthw d`fyhlt rhwthr yfjfcnltw nyhg chxrw }ræexjæw, Chw ov}`toïwhw flftfnchw `x }ræwx}}`wæw d`fyhlt åtrh fldf~xæw gcnfrhkhlt# h}cfgftæw# nl ~xh ch }rhlhxr dh

dægfwf`l w`ft g`lwgfhlt dx }`flt dh yxh# nflwf ~x‖nyhrtf dhw gonljhkhltw dnlw chw }ræwx}}`wæw, Xl }ræwx}}`wæ gcæ hwt xlh ov}`toïwh ~xh chw nlncvwthw `lt fltæjræ g`kkh ætnlt yærfdf~xh ht ~xf g`lwtftxh cn bnwh dh c‖æyncxntf`l, Cn kæto`dh n ætæ dæyhc`}}æh }nr D`xj KngHngofl# dfrhgthxr nde`flt nx rhlwhfjlhkhlt í cn GFN />667+ >669&,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Chw }ræwx}}`wæw w`lt xlh w`xrgh fk}`rtnlth d‖flghrtftxdh ht dh rfw~xh, Chw }ræwx}}`wæw wxr xl g`lgxrrhlt `x xl dægfdhxr }hxyhlt ny`fr dfiiærhlthw `rfjflhw5  dhw gr`vnlghw g`lghrlnlt cn }`wftf`l g`lgxrrhltfhcch  dhw

h}ærfhlghw nyhg chw }r`dxftw# chw gcfhltw# chw i`xrlfwwhxrw `x chw ndyhrwnfrhw

 dhw

ingthxrw jæ`jrn}of~xhw

 chw  cn

thldnlghw dx knrgoæ `x dx whgthxr

rïjch dx }htft d`fjt

Dh knxynfw }ræwx}}`wæw }hxyhlt khlhr í dhw hrrhxrw dnlw c‖flthr}rætntf`l, Chw jhlw `lt l`tnkkhlt thldnlgh# flg`lwgfhkkhlt# í fknjflhr ~xh chw go`whw y`lt wh dær`xchr g`kkh fcw c‖ntthldhlt ht ch w`xonfth,

Xtfcfwntf`l dh cn kæto`dh C‖n}}cfgntf`l dh cn kæto`dh }nwwh }nr 8 ætn}hw 5 >, Ælxkærhr t`xt chw }ræwx}}`wæw# ov}`toïwhw w`xw+enghlthw nggxkxcæhw wxr xl g`lgxrrhlt `x xlh wftxntf`l g`lgxrrhltfhcch,

8>


Cflgo}fl Nlncvwfw

2, Dæyhc`}}hr dhw exjhkhltw ht dhw ov}`toïwhw g`lghrlnlt chw dægfwf`lw }rfwhw }nr ch g`lgxrrhlt wxr w`l knrgoæ# g`ltrh chw }ræwx}}`wæw, 7, ]rhldrh xl }ræwx}}`wæ gcæ /ghgf hwt ch ¡ cflgo}fl ±& ht }`xr c‖fltæråt dx gnw# w`ft c‖flyhrwhr# w`ft c‖æcfkflhr, 4, Rææyncxhr chw æyfdhlghw í cn cxkfïrh dh gh gonljhkhlt g onljhkhlt `x dh ghtth wx}}rhwwf`l dh }ræwx}}`wæ ht jælærhr xl l`xyhc hlwhkbch d‖ov}`toïwhw ht dh exjhkhltw, 8, Ræfltr`dxfrh ch }ræwx}}`wæ æcfkflæ `x flyhrwæ }rægædhkkhlt ht g`ltrôchr wf ch exjhkhlt hwt t`xe`xrw yærfæ,

Chw i`rghw  Ghtth

thgolf~xh læghwwfth dh cn }nrt dh c‖nlncvwth d‖fdhltfhr ht khttrh í }cnt whw }ræwx}}`wæw#

w‖nwwxrnlt nflwf ~xh chw ncthrlntfyhw w`lt }rfwhw hl g`k}th,  Xtfch }`xr b`xwgxchr chw fdæhw rhêxhw,  Bælæ~xh

c`rw~xh chw gndrhw njfwwhlt í }nrtfr dh }hrgh}tf`lw inxwwhw# }ærfkæhw `x tr`} `}tfkfwthw

dh cn wftxntf`l g`lgxrrhltfhcch,

Chw infbchwwhw  Fdhltfhr  Dh

chw }ræwx}}`wæw gcæw l‖hwt }nw xlh go`wh nfwæh,

l`kbrhx nlncvwthw l‖n}}cf~xhlt }nw c‖nlncvwh ht dh l`kbrhx gndrhw `x }rhlhxrw dh dægfwf`lw

lh cn dhknldhr`lt }nw }nr }hxr ~xh chxr nlncvwh w‖nyïrh dægfhlth,

G`k}cækhltw 82

C‖`xyrnjh dh ræiærhlgh, Dhwgrf}tf`l ht h}cfgntf`l dhw bfnfw }wvgo`c`jf~xhw n}}cf~xæ í c‖nlncvwh, RFGONRDW E, OHXHR# Er,# Ghlthr i`r toh wtxdv ì flthccfjhlgh# ]wvgo`c`jv ì flthccfjhlgh nlncvwfw, nlncvwfw, ott}w5 zzz,gfn,j`ycfbrnrvghlthr+i`r+toh+wtxdv+ì+flthccfjhlghgwf+}xbcfgntf`lwb`àw+nld+k`l`jrn}ow}wvgo`c`jv+


Cflgo}fl Nlncvwfw ì+flthccfjhlgh+nlncvwfw]wvgoìFlthcLhz,}di W,ICHFWOHR Grnfj# H,BHLW@XWWNL Bnbhtth# Bxwflhww nld G`k}htftfyh Nlncvwfw5 Hiihgtfyh N}}cfgntf`l ì Lhz nld Gcnwwfg Khto`dw + IT ]rhww# 6 knrw 2==:# 82? },

87

Cfyrh Bcnlg  Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw Kæto`dh dh yærfgntf`l dhw ov}`toïwhw+gcæw

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh G`llxh w`xw ch y`gnbch nljc`}o`lh dh ¡ ahv nwwxk}tf`lw gohga ±# cn kæto`dh hwt ræyæcæh }nr Rfgonrdw Ohxhr nx g`xrw dh cn }ærf`dh dh cn jxhrrh ir`fdh 1 hcch g`llnìt xl rhjnfl }nr cn wxfth ht hl }nrtfgxcfhr n}rïw chw æyælhkhltw dx >> wh}thkbrh 2==>, Dnlw whw bxt ht n}}`rtw# hcch wh rn}}r`goh dh cn kæto`dh NKDHG /Nlncvwh dhw K`dhw dh Dæinfccnlgh# dh chxrw Hiihtw ht dh chxrw Grftfgftæ& ht dnlw wn kfwh hl }cngh kæto`d`c`jf~xh# hcch wh rn}}r`goh dh cn kæto`dh dhw Jr`x}hw L`kflnx }r`goh dx brnflwt`rkflj,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Cn kæto`dh dh yærfgntf`l dhw ov}`toïwhw gcæw g cæw hwt wxrt`xt xtfch nx dæbxt d‖xl }rèht nlncvwnlt xlh }r`bcækntf~xh

g`lgrïth d‖n}}rægfntf`l dhw rfw~xhw ht }hxt d`lg åtrh fltæjræh í xl }r`jrnkkh dh knlnjhkhlt dhw rfw~xhw wf hcch yfhlt hl w`xtfhl í d‖nxtrhw `xtfcw ht kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh ht d‖nltfgf}ntf`l dhw rfw~xhw, Dnlw chw `rjnlfwntf`lw nkærfgnflhw# gh w`lt wxrt`xt chw dæ}nrthkhltw dh knlnjhkhlt }xbcfg d‖hltrh}rfwhw `x dhw ghltrhw d‖fll`yntf`l ht dh rhgohrgoh ~xf c‖`lt kfwh hl }cngh tnldfw ~xh chw dæ}nrthkhltw }ræ`ggx}æw }nr cn wægxrftæ lntf`lnch# l`tnkkhlt chw dæ}nrthkhltw dx j`xyhrlhkhlt nkærfgnfl# `lt tnrdæ í c‖fltæjrhr, Chw ntthltntw dx >> wh}thkbrh 2==> `lt inft rhww`rtfr t`xth c‖ngtxncftæ dh cn kæto`dh ¡ ahv nwwxk}tf`lw gohga ±

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Cn yærfgntf`l dhw ov}`toïwhw gcæw }hxt åtrh kfwh hl }cngh nflwf 5

C‖hhrgfgh g`lwfwth í khttrh }cxwfhxrw }hrw`llhw hl wftxntf`l d‖ægonljh c`rw d‖xlh whwwf`l dh trnynfc hl jr`x}h# w`xw cn dfrhgtf`l d‖xl nlfknthxr,  Cn

}rhkfïrh ætn}h g`lwfwth í cfwthr chw ov}`toïwhw ~xf w`xw+thldhlt xlh nlncvwh dh cn wftxntf`l `x dx }oæl`kïlh ~xf }`wh ~xhwtf`lw, Ghw ov}`toïwhw w`lt nxtnlt dhw }ræwx}}`wæw ~xh dhw }`wtxcntw w`xw+enghltw í cn wftxntf`l hl ~xhwtf`l ht ghw ov}`toïwhw w`lt h}rfkæhw dh knlfïrh í }r`}`whr xlh nlncvwh `x flthr}rætntf`l dx }r`bcïkh,

 Cn whg`ldh ætn}h g`lwfwth hlwxfth í æyncxhr wf gongxlh d‖hcchw hwt bfhl w`cfdh ht wf gongxlh n `x l`l

bhw`fl dh jnrnltfh `x l‖hwt }nw w`xthlnbch, C‖nlfknthxr inft }nrtfgf}hr chw khkbrhw dx jr`x}h }`xr ~xh gongxl ækhtth w`l hwtfkntf`l,  Cn tr`fwfïkh ætn}h hwt grxgfnch, Fc w‖njft d‖hwtfkhr hl

~x`f ghcn niihgthrn c‖nlncvwh lnc ht chw dægfwf`lw lnchw fwwxhw dh ghtth nlncvwh dnlw ch gnw `ö chw ov}`toïwhw ~xf lh w`lt }nw g`lwfdæræ g`kkh

w`xthlnbchw w`lt ægnrtæhw,  Cn

~xntrfïkh ætn}h g`lwfwth í nilhr chw ov}`toïwhw wf læghwwnfrh ht í rh}r`dxfrh chw ngtfyftæw dh cn

tr`fwfïkh ætn}h,

84

Ghtth kæto`d`c`jfh }hrkht nflwf d‖æcfkflhr l`l }nw chw ov}`toïwhw ~xf `lt dhw l`tntf`lw }cxw iny`rnbchw nx dætrfkhlt d‖ov}`toïwhw chw k`flw bfhl l`tæhw knfw d‖æcfkflhr ghcchw ~xf `lt g`ltrh hcchw ch }cxw d‖nrjxkhltw læjntfiw yfw+í+yfw dh cn }r`bnbfcftæ ~xh ghw ov}`toïwhw }xfwwhlt åtrh g`lwfdæræhw g`kkh gcæw dnlw ch gndrh dx }r`bcïkh ætxdfæ,


Chw i`rghw Cn i`rgh dh ghtth kæto`dh hwt d‖åtrh ~xncftntfyh, Hcch }hrkht nx hltrh}rfwhw dh wh }rækxlfr dhw knxynfwhw flthr}rætntf`lw dhw gnxwhw d‖xl }oæl`kïlh ~xh chw nlncvwthw gohrgohlt í fdhltfhr, Dh kåkh# cn kæto`dh }hrkht dh wh }rækxlfr dhw knxynfwhw wxr}rfwhw í yhlfr

dx inft dh wgælnrf`w fk}ræyxw# d‖ov}`toïwhw ~xf nxrnfhlt ætæ ægnrtæhw tr`} yfth dx inft dh chxr fk}r`bnbfcftæ, Nyhg ghtth kæto`dh# chw bfnfw g`jlftfiw d‖h}c`ftntf`l d‖xlh toæ`rfh jælærnc }`xr c‖flthr}rætntf`l d‖xl }oæl`kïlh }nrtfgxcfhr w`lt kflfkfwæw, Cn kæto`dh rn}}hcch í t`xth }hrw`llh ~xf wh rhtr`xyh fw`cæh dnlw c‖flthr}rætntf`l d‖xl }r`bcïkh ~x‖hcch d`ft nynlt t`xt wh }rækxlfr dh wn }r`}rh nrr`jnlgh flthcchgtxhcch,

Chw infbchwwhw Cn infbchwwh dh ghtth kæto`dh hwt ch thk}w ht c‖hii`rt ~x‖hcch dhknldh dh w`ccfgfthr }`xr cxtthr g`ltrh chw bfnfw g`jlftfiw /}rflgf}h dx g`ltrnwth# dfww`lnlgh g`jlftfyh# }rflgf}h dh }hrgh}tf`l g`lwfwtnlth&, Cn dfkhlwf`l dh c‖æg`xth v `ggx}h xlh jrnldh }cngh, Khttrh hl }rntf~xh ghtth kæto`dh dhknldh dh lh }nw ny`fr cn ¡ tåth dnlw ch jxfd`l ±# xlh ghrtnflh `xyhrtxrh d‖hw}rft ht c‖nggh}tntf`l dhw n}}`rtw dh c‖fknjflntf`l }`xr lh }nw cnfwwhr chw flthr}rætntf`lw w‖hlihrkhr dnlw xlh yfwf`l nyhg `hfccïrhw,

Gnw }rntf~xhw Cn kæto`dh dh yærfgntf`l dhw ov}`toïwhw gcæw w‖n}}cf~xh dnlw t`xth wftxntf`l w`ccfgftnlt xl rnfw`llhkhlt

fldxgtfi /gnxwhw ‗ hiihtwg`lwæ~xhlghw& ht ~xf dhknldh dh }r`dxfrh xlh flthr}rætntf`l }`xr nfdhr í cn dægfwf`l, Hcch ~xncfh chw rhcntf`lw hfwtnlthw hltrh chw æcækhltw d‖xl wvwtïkh,

Xl gnw g`lgrht dh w`l n}}cfgntf`l ræwfdh dnlw c‖nxdft dh wægxrftæ æg`l`kf~xh ~xh }hxt khttrh hl }cngh xlh hltrh}rfwh 5 jrâgh í w`l xtfcfwntf`l hl nk`lt d‖xl }r`bcïkh# cn kæto`dh dh yærfgntf`l yærfg ntf`l }hrkht nx hltrh}rfwhw dh ræægofr nx khwxrhw í }rhldrh hl gnw dh infcch dh wægxrftæ æg`l`kf~xh ht jrâgh í w`l xtfcfwntf`l hl nync hcch }hrkht nx hltrh}rfwhw d‖fdhltfhr chw khwxrhw l`l rhw}hgtæhw `x chw khwxrhw í n}}`rthr,

G`k}cækhltw 5 Wfthw ht }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht @‖G@LL@R Ehllfihr /w`xw cn dfrhgtf`l dh&# G`ccnb`rntf`l fl toh Lntf`lnc Whgxrftv Nrhln5 Kvtow nld Rhncftv + Zont Wgfhlgh nld H}hrfhlgh Gnl G`ltrfbxth t` ftw Wxgghww + Exfl 2==6# ott}5zzz,xwln,hdxXwhrwknto zdethngoG`ccnb`rntf`lZofth]n}hrExlh2==6,}di

88

Flthrlhtngtx,lht# Ch ghryhnx# `beht thgol`c`jf~xh /4?& 5 Dh l`xyhcchw inê`lw dh }nrchr… ht dh }hlwhr # WXWWNL Rækf + iæyrfhr 2==6# ott}5zzz,flthrlhtngtx,lht2==6=2=7ch+ghryhnx+`beht+thgol`c`jf~xh+4?+dh+ l`xyhcchw+ing`lw+dh+}nrchr+ht+dh+}hlwhr


NLDRHNLF Ehnl+Gcnxdh# G@LGO@L Irnlê`fwh# Kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh ht d‖flthr}rætntf`l dhw ætxdhw ~xncftntfyhw 5 ætnt dh c‖nrt hl knrahtflj# knrahtflj# ott}5zzz,hwg}+hn},lhtg`lihrhlghwknrahtflj2==8Pg}Knthrfncf ]n}hrIrNLDRHNLFPG@LGO@L,}di'u``k;?>)wtntxwbnr;=)lny}nlhw;=)khwwnjhw;=

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht

BRHKKHR Fnl# J@RD@L Dnyfd# Knlnjflj Wtrnthjfg Wxr}rfwh 5 chww`lw ir`k rfwa knlnjhkhlt nld rfwa nwwhwwkhlt ++ Gnkbrfdjh Xlfyhrwftv ]rhww# 2==?# 7>? }, nwwhwwkhlt DHZNR Enkhw N# Nwwxk}tf`lw+Bnwhw ]cnllflj 5 N T``c i`r Rhdxgflj Ny`fdnbch Wxr}rfwhw + Gnkbrfdjh Xlfyhrwftv ]rhww# 2==2# 299}, JH@RJH R`jhr U# ACFLH R`bhrt D# Flthccfjhlgh nld toh Lntf`lnc Whgxrftv 5 Hldxrflj fwwxhw nld goncchljhw + R`znl ) Cfttchhcd# 2==8# 9=9},

JH@RJH R`jhr# Ifflj toh ]r`bchk ì Nlncvtfgnc Kfld+Whtw 5 Ncthrlntfyh Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# Fl 5 Flthrlntf`lnc E`xrlnc ì Flthccfjhlgh nld G`xlthr+Flthccfjhlgh# G`xlthr+Flthccfjhlgh# Y`c, >:# L½,7 + Incc 2==4# }, 7?4+4=8 TNCHB Lnwwfk Lfg`cn# Toh Bcnga Wznll 5 Toh Fk}ngt ì toh ofjcv Fk}r`bnbch + Rnld`k O`xwh# 2==:# 799 },

Ngthxrw Rfgonrdw Ohxhr hwt xl nlgfhl yætærnl dh cn GFN bfhl g`llx nx Htntw+Xlfw }`xr whw rhgohrgohw }`rtnlt wxr c‖nlncvwh dhw ov}`toïwhw g`lgxrrhlthw /NGO&, W`l cfyrh ]wvgo`c`jv i`r Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw dnlw ch~xhc `l rhtr`xyh chw }rflgf}nx hlwhfjlhkhltw }`xr g`llnìtrh chw bnwhw dh cn i`rkxcntf`l ht dh cn yærfgntf`l

d‖ov}`toïwhw hwt d‖nfcchxrw ædftæ jrntxfthkhlt }nr cn GFN 5 ¡/…& fc n}}cf~xh nx Rhlwhfjlhkhlt cn toïwh dh cn –ræixtnbfcftæ‛ dh Anrc ]`}}hr# ch }cxw gæcïbrh æ}fwtæk`c`jxh dx __h wfïgch, Whc`l cxf# fc hwt fk}`wwfbch dh dæthrkflhr wf xlh toæ`rfh wgfhltf~xh hwt yrnfh 5 gnr hcch }`xrrn t`xe`xrw åtrh dækhltfh }cxw tnrd, Hl rhynlgoh# `l }hxt t`xe`xrw hwwnvhr dh y`fr wf hcch hwt inxwwh, Xlh toæ`rfh yærftnbchkhlt wgfhltf~xh hwt d`lg ræixtnbch,

Gh wnjh g`lwhfc hwt nxe`xrd‖oxf w`rtf dx kfcfhx dh cn }ofc`w`}ofh dhw wgfhlghw }`xr hlynofr dhw d`knflhw bhnxg`x} }cxw }r`wnà~xhw, Dnlw w`l knlxhc# Rfgonrdw Ohxhr }rægfwh nflwf ~x‖fc hwt }ræiærnbch dh gohrgohr í rhehthr dhw ov}`toïwhw }cxtôt ~xh dh gohrgohr í chw g`lrkhr, Cn khfcchxrh ov}`toïwh hwt hl jælærnc ghcch ~xf

n ch k`flw d‖æcækhltw g`ltrh hcch# ht l`l }nw }nw ghcch ~xf }`wwïdh ch }cxw d‖fldfghw hl wn inyhxr ±, W`xrgh 5 zzz,flthrlhtngtx,lht Rnldv ]ohrw`l# ch }ræwfdhlt dh ]ohrw`l Nww`gfnthw# xlh w`gfætæ infwnlt ìgh dh ghltrh dh i`rkntf`l 5 g‖hwt

xlh æg`ch d‖nlncvwh dx rhlwhfjlhkhlt g`k}`wæh d‖nlncvwthw g`lwxctnltw rfgohw dh chxr h}ærfhlgh }nwwæh nx whryfgh dh cn wægxrftæ lntf`lnch dh chxr }nvw 5 knlnjhrw ht nlncvwthw whlf`r rhtrnftæw# fwwxw hltrh nxtrhw dh cn GFN# dx Dæ}nrthkhlt d‖Htnt nkærfgnfl# dx IBF ht ~xf `lt }`xr y`gntf`l dh i`rkhr ht hltrnìlhr dhw nlncvwthw d‖hltrh}rfwhw nx thgolf~xhw gcæw dh c‖ngtfyftæ d‖nlncvwh + d`lt ghcch dh cn yærfgntf`l dhw ov}`toïwhw gcæw,

ott}5zzz,}ohrw`l,`rj 89


Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l Dfwtrngtf`l ht i`xry`fhkhlt

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Cn kæto`dh Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l l‖hwt }nw í }r`}rhkhlt }nrchr xlh kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh, Fc w‖njft }cxtôt d‖xl k`vhl dh knlŗxyrhr cn g`lgxrrhlgh dnlw ch bxt dh cn kvwtfhr, @l }`xrrn }`xr ghcn w‖n}}xvhr wxr chw

fli`rkntf`lw ~xh chw kæto`dhw }ræwhltæhw dnlw gh cfyrh bcnlg /knfw gh lh w`lt }nw chw whxchw& nxr`lt }hrkfw dh dæg`xyrfr, Dhlfnc ht Dhgh}tf`l wh g`lwtftxh hl dhx y`chtw, Dnlw xl }rhkfhr thk}w# ch ¡ dhlfnc ±# y`cht dæihlwfi# n }`xr bxt d‖hk}ågohr c‖nggïw í c‖fli`rkntf`l yrnfh, ]`xr gh infrh# fc yhrr`xfcch chw k`vhlw d‖nggædhr í c‖fli`rkntf`l ~x‖fc }r`tïjh# nyhg dhw }r`jrnkkhw dh wægxrftæ }nr hhk}ch, Ch dhxfïkh thk}w# ch thk}w ¡ Dhgh}tf`l ±# y`cht njrhwwfi, Fc yfwh wxfth nx }ræ+yhrr`xfccnjh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l }r`tæjæh# í `rfhlthr chw æyhltxhcw flyhwtfjnthxrw yhrw xlh fli`rkntf`l inxwwh, Fc g`ltrfbxh nflwf í knw~xhr c‖ngtf`l dh ¡ dhlfnc ±, Jc`bnchkhlt# c‖nw}hgt Dhlfnc gngoh ch yrnf }hldnlt ~xh Dhgh}tf`l k`ltrh ch inx,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh C‖`xtfc }ræwhlth }cxwfhxrw fltæråtw# knfw jc`bnchkhlt fc hwt wxrt`xt xtfcfwæ g`ltrh cn g`lgxrrhlgh ht }`xr cn }r`thgtf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l, Fc }hxt whryfr í }r`tæjhr xl wny`fr+infrh flædft# `rfhlthr ht knlf}xchr cn g`lgxrrhlgh# dæt`xrlhr c‖ntthltf`l dhw kædfnw…

Xtfcfwntf`l dh c‖`xtfc ]`xr c‖xtfcfwhr# fc hwt fk}`rtnlt dh wh rn}}hchr ~xh jælærnchkhlt# c‖ndyhrwnfrh g`ltrh ~xf `l c‖xtfcfwh gr`ft ~x‖fc lh g`llnìt }nw c‖fli`rkntf`l grftf~xh 1 fc }hlwh ~x‖fc v n i`rgækhlt ~xhc~xh go`wh dh trïw g`k}r`khttnlt í dæg`xyrfr, Ch }rflgf}h hwt wfk}ch, C`rw~xh c‖hltrh}rfwh hwt nkhlæh í ny`fr hl wn }`wwhwwf`l dhw fli`rkntf`lw ~x‖hcch wnft g`ly`ftæhw `x g`ly`ftnbchw# hcch d`ft yhrr`xfcchr c‖nggïw í ghtth fli`rkntf`l ht wxrt`xt dfwwfkxchr w`l hfwthlgh, Hcch }hxt xtfcfwhr }`xr gh infrh chw wvwtïkhw dh wægxrftæ gcnwwf~xh /k`t dh }nwwh# g`dh# gìirh i`rt…& hl rhw}hgtnlt xl knfkxk dh dfwgrætf`l# gh ~xf fldxft hltrh nxtrh xl l`kbrh dh g`ccnb`rnthxrw fli`rkæw rhwtrhflt# xlh nbwhlgh dh g`kkxlfgntf`l wxr chw k`vhlw dh wægxrftæ xtfcfwæw# xlh kfwh hl }cngh cn k`flw y`vnlth }`wwfbch, Hlwxfth# hcch d`ft græhr xlh ræncftæ ncthrlntfyh ht infrh hl w`rth ~xh ghtth ræncftæ ncthrlntfyh w`ft c‖fli`rkntf`l tr`xyæh hl cfhx ht }cngh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l ~xh c‖`l n }r`tæjæ, ]`xr gh infrh# hcch }hxt g`k}thr wxr chw hiihtw d‖nll`lgh /}r`}`rtf`llhcch í c‖fk}`rtnlgh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l&# cn wfkxcntf`l d‖xlh ngtfyftæ wxw}hgth# cn dfwwækflntf`l dh }rhxyhw incwfæhw ht nxtrhw thgolf~xhw dh dæwfli`rkntf`l,

Dnlw cn khwxrh dx }`wwfbch# cn ræncftæ ncthrlntfyh d`ft g`lthlfr dhw æcækhltw ræhcw ~xf nggrædfthr`lt c‖ofwt`frh,


dh gngohr ch inft ~xh c‖fli`rkntf`l hwt gngoæh 5 d`xbch bnrrfïrh  Kfwh hl ægohg dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh

Chw infbchwwhw Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l hwt }hx higngh wxr dhw }hrw`llhw g`llnfwwnlt bfhl c‖hltrh}rfwh nflwf ~xh wxr chw

nlncvwthw rntf`llhcw, Wh bnwnlt wxr ch inltnwkh d‖xlh gr`vnlgh gohu c‖ndyhrwnfrh# ghtth kæto`dh hwt lntxrhcchkhlt dækxlfh ingh í dhw }hrw`llhw wngonlt rhwthr }rnjkntf~xhw, Hl `xtrh# cn rhg`x}h æcækhltnfrh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l }hrkht d‖fdhltfhr nwwhu rn}fdhkhlt chw kncnfwhw, 8:


Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l Dfwtrngtf`l ht i`xry`fhkhlt

Gnw }rntf~xh Ght `xtfc n ætæ ræghkkhlt fccxwtræ nx gflækn dnlw ch ck ¡ Dx}cfgftv ±, Gh ck w‖flw}frh hl ræncftæ d‖xlh

ofwt`frh yrnfh hltrh chw jænltw dh c‖ncfkhltnfrh ]r`gthr)Jnkbch ht Xlfchyhr, Dnlw chw inftw# Xlfchyhr# }`xr gngohr c‖nrrfyæh fkkflhlth d‖xlh fll`yntf`l w`rtfh dh whw cnb`rnt`frhw dh R)D# inft gr`frh í ]r`gthr)Jnkbch ~x‖fc yn bfhltôt w`rtfr ¡ ch ± }r`dxft ræy`cxtf`llnfrh, Cn ghccxch Flthccfjhlgh Hg`l`kf~xh d‖Xlfchyhr hwt gonrjæh dh knlf}xchr ]r`gthr)Jnkbch hl c‖nfjxfcc`llnlt wxr xlh inxwwh }fwth# dnlw ch gnw dx ck cn ræncftæ ncthrlntfyh

go`fwfh hwt ghcch dh cn w`rtfh }r`gonflh d‖xl wonk}`flj gn}nbch dh infrh rh}`xwwhr chw gohyhx, Xlfchyhr wh gonrjh dh infrh k`lthr cn }rhwwf`l hl wfkxcnlt cn c`gntf`l whgrïth d‖xl cnb`rnt`frh `ö nxrnft ætæ dæyhc`}}æ ch t`xt l`xyhnx }r`dxft ht hl w‖nwwxrnlt ~xh w`l g`lgxrrhlt }hlwh dæg`xyrfr dh cxf+kåkh ghtth fli`rkntf`l# }xfw `rjnlfwh xlh inxwwh g`liærhlgh hl dfrhgtf`l dhw ngtf`llnfrhw }hldnlt cn~xhcch fc wh cnfwwh dæcfbærækhlt flctrhr }nr ]r`gthr)Jnkbch, Ch bxt dh cn knlŗxyrh# nx+dhcí dx wfk}ch gnk`xnjh dh c‖fll`yntf`l ræhcch#

hwt nxwwf dh irnjfcfwhr hl flthrlh ]r`gthr)Jnkbch# ~xf í w`l t`xr nll`lgh í whw ngtf`llnfrhw ny`fr hl wn }`wwhwwf`l cn rhghtth kfrngch dx wonk}`flj knjf~xh, Cn wx}hrgohrfh hwt lnchkhlt dæknw~xæh }nr xl jr`x}h dh wgfhltf~xhw dh ]r`gthr)Jnkbch ~xf fdhltfhlt cn

i`rkxch dx }r`dxft g`kkh ghcch d‖xlh bnlnch c`tf`l gn}fccnfrh,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw ht }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Nxwtfl ]hnv Wtnth Xlfyhrwftv /N]WX& ott}5zzz,n}wx,hdx`g`ll`rt42==42==chgt=9,otk

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht K@@RH# Dnyfd T,# RHVL@CDW# Zfccfnk L# Chnwtw~xnrhw# W` knlv znvw t` cfh 5 toh g`k}chftv ì Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l,, + Nyrfc 2==9 ott}5zzz,chnwtw~xnrhw,g`k}n}hrwDFE2==9P=4,}di Dhgh}tf`l ONKK@LD# E, # Cxcx# Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l5 Frna‖w ncxkflxk txbhw nld toh kvto ì Flthccfjhlgh infcxrh ott}5 zzz,cxcx,g`kg`lthlth+b`àdhlfnc+nld+ zzz,cxcx,g`kg`l thlth+b`àdhlfnc+nld+dhgh}tf`l+frn~w+ncxkflxk+ dhgh}tf`l+frn~w+ncxkflxk+txbhw+nld+toh+kvto+` txbhw+nld+toh+kvto+ì+flthccfjhlgh+ i+flthccfjhlgh+ infcxrh898>729 B@VCH KNOCH # Khcfwwn, Dhlfnc nld Dhgh}tf`l5 Nl Flwfdhr‖w Yfhz ì toh GFN ir`k Frnl+G`ltrn t` 6>> Lhz V`ra5 Lntf`l B`àw# 2==4, 782 }njhw,

Ngthxrw Ghtth kæto`dh hwt hlg`rh trïw }hx dægrfth g`kkh n}}cf~xæh nx k`ldh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh, Wn }rntf~xh rhwth nwwhu g`ldhltfhcch nx whfl dhw jrnldhw kxctf+lntf`lnchw, D‖`rfjflh kfcftnfrh# c‖hwwhltfhc dhw

ngthxrw cn g`lghrlnlt rhwth dnlw gh d`knflh, 8?


Chw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh dfthw ¡]nr `}}`wftf`l± ]nr kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh ¡}nr `}}`wftf`l±# l`xw hlthld`lw fgf c‖hlwhkbch dhw kæto`dhw ~xf }hrkhtthlt dh w‖`xyrfr í d‖nxtrhw }`flt dh yxh# d‖fknjflhr gh ~xf wh }nwwh `x gh ~xf }`xrrnft wh }nwwhr dnlw d‖nxtrhw hltrh}rfwhw ~xh cn wfhllh, Ghcn# nxtnlt wxr xlh }r`bcækntf~xh g`lgrïth# ~xh wxr dhw k`dhw dh }hlwæh }cxw cnrjhw# ~x‖fc hwt }`wwfbch dh rhkhttrh hl gnxwh dnlw xl `behgtfi dh }hrihgtf`llhkhlt, }hrihgtf`llhkhlt, Dx bfhl g`llx bhlgoknraflj nx bxwflhww znrjnkhw hl }nwwnlt }nr ghrtnflhw kæto`dhw infwnlt }nrtfh dx ghrgch dhw ¡ncthrlntfyh nlncvwfw±# l`xw y`xw }r`}`w`lw dnlw chw gohw wxfynlthw# d‖ncchr hlg`rh }cxw c`fl dnlw y`trh ræhf`l ht dh t`xe`xrw fknjflhr# gh ~xh }hxyhlt åtrh chw nyfw `x chw n}}r`gohw d‖ngthxrw

htærfhxrw í y`trh hlyfr`llhk hlyfr`llhkhlt, hlt,


Kæto`dh Thnk N Thnk B @l }`xrrnft# dnlw xl }rhkfhr thk}w# rn}}r`gohr cn kæto`dh Thnk Thnk N  Thnk Thnk B nyhg ghcch dh c‖ny`gnt dx dfnbch df nbch /gi, goh l½__ &, T`xthi`fw# nc`rw ~xh cn kæto`dh dh c‖ny`gnt dx dfnbch /y`fr }cxw c`fl& g`lwfwth hl xlh rhkfwh

hl gnxwh d‖xl k`dh dh }hlwæh d`kflnlt# cn kæto`dh Thnk N  Thnk B n }`xr `beht dh g`lwfdærhr ~x‖fc }hxt hfwthr# }cxwfhxrw k`dhw dh }hlwæh# ~xf }hxyhlt wh ync`fr wnlw }`xr nxtnlt wh g`ltrhdfrh,

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh @l nttngoh jc`bnchkhlt í cn Thnk N xl }rhkfhr k`dh dh }hlwæh /kfldwht / kfldwht hl hl nljcnfw&# }xfw xl whg`ld í cn Thnk B, ]`xr nxtnlt# ghw dhx n}}r`gohw }hxyhlt åtrh nxwwf æy`cxæhw ht ndkfwwfbchw c‖xlh c‖ xlh ~xh c‖nxtrh, Fc w‖njft nc`rw fgf dh lh }nw ny`fr i`rgækhlt í go`fwfr hltrh c‖xl dhw dhx k`dhw dh }hlwæh# knfw bfhl nx g`ltrnfrh dh }rhldrh hl g`k}th chw g`lwæ~xhlghw dh gongxlh dnlw c‖nyhlfr dh c‖hltrh}rfwh, Cn kæto`dh Thnk N  Thnk Thnk B }hxt+åtrh xtfcfwæh# xtf cfwæh# nx gŗxr dhw dæbntw hltrh dægfdhxrw d‖xlh kåkh hltrh}rfwh# c`rw~xh dhx }`fltw dh yxh dfiiærhltw whkbchlt åtrh hlyfwnjhnbchw }`xr ræ}`ldrh í xl }r`bcïkh g`lgrht, Wxfth í xl dæbnt }hrkhttnlt dh infrh rhww`rtfr chw dfiiærhlghw hltrh gongxl dhw dhx k`dhw dh }hlwæh# gongxlh dhw æ~xf}hw dhyrn ræncfwhr dfiiærhltw d`gxkhltw }hrkhttnlt dh khttrh hl nynlt chw }rflgf}nx }`fltw dfwg`rdnltw, @l tr`xyh xlh l`xyhcch i`fw c‖`rfjflh dh ghtth kæto`dh dnlw c‖xlfyhrw kfcftnfrh nkærfgnfl, Cn Thnk Thnk N rh}ræwhltnft nc`rw chw Htntw+Xlfw ht cn Thnk B c‖XRWW, G‖hwt yhrw >6:9 ~xh c‖`l y`ft nc`rw n}}nrnftrh gh g`lgh}t w`xw c‖fk}xcwf`l dh Jh`rjh Bxwo Wr ht dh whw nlncvwthw, N c‖æ}`~xh# }cxwfhxrw Thnk Thnk B ætnfhlt nc`rw }ræwhlthw 5 ghtth kæto`dh }hxt d`lg åtrh æjnchkhlt ndn}tæh wf }cxwfhxrw æ~xf}hw w`lt læghwwnfrhw,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Xl dhw }rhkfhrw n}}`rtw g`lghrlh c‖nkbfnlgh ~xf }hxt ræjlhr hltrh dfiiærhltw gnk}w ~xf nxrnfhlt dhw }`fltw dh yxh dfyhrjhltw, D‖xl }`flt dh yxh wtrfgthkhlt rhcntf`llhc# h}`whr ht g`lir`lthr chw nrjxkhltw# chw dfiiærhlghw ht chw æcækhltw }hrtflhltw dhw 2 }`fltw dh yxh }hxt }hrkhttrh d‖n}nfwhr chw thlwf`lw ht dh ræyæchr nx whfl dhw dhx jr`x}hw# ~xhcch hwt c‖n}}r`goh cn }cxw }hrtflhlth, Fc hwt æjnchkhlt fltærhwwnlt dh l`thr ~x‖xl jr`x}h ~xf ækhttrnft xlh }rhkfïrh yfwf`l dhw go`whw n}}rhldrn }cxw hl c‖niir`ltnlt í xlh whg`ldh# ~x‖hl w`xkhttnlt ghtth yfwf`l í xlh wfk}ch grftf~xh dhw dfrfjhnltw, Xlh grftf~xh yn }hrkhttrh dh khttrh hl nynlt xlh ghrtnflh cfkfth dx rnfw`llhkhlt nc`rw ~xh cn g`lir`ltntf`l nyhg xlh whg`ldh yfwf`l k`ltrhrn ~xhcchw `lt ætæ chw n}}r`gohw ht nxtrhw nrjxkhltw í gôtæ dhw~xhcw ch jr`x}h hwt }nwwæ, ]`xr ch dægfdhxr# åtrh kfw hl ingh dhw nrjxkhltw dh gongxl dhw }`fltw dh yxh cxf }hrkht dh }`xy`fr trnlgohr dh cn knlfïrh cn }cxw fldæ}hldnlth ht `behgtfyh }`wwfbch, Cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l wh ræyïch åtrh nc`rw }cxw exwth }`xr c‖hlwhkbch dhw jr`x}hw nvnlt dhw nyfw dfiiærhltw,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Nynlt dh khttrh hl }cngh }c ngh cn kæto`dh Thnk N  Thnk Thnk B# fc hwt æyfdhkkhlt læghwwnfrh dh bfhl fdhltfhr chw dhx k`dhw dh }hlwæh ~xf wh }ræwhlthlt dnlw c‖hltrh}rfwh, Chw ghrlhr# fdhltfhr chw }hrw`llhw v ætnlt rnttngoæhw

inft }nrtfh dhw g`ldftf`lw }rhkfïrhw, 9=


Kæto`dh Thnk N Thnk B

>ïrh ætn}h 5 c‖fdhltfgntf`l dhw }`fltw dh yxh  I`rkhr dhw æ~xf}hw }`xr gongxl dhw dhx }`fltw dh yxh ht chxr dhknldhr dh rædfjhr xl d`wwfhr nl

dh khttrh hl nynlt chxrw khfcchxrw nrjxkhltw,  ]`xr gongxl dhw d`wwfhrw# g‖hwt nx dægfdhxr d‖nlncvwhr ht dh infrh rhww`rtfr gh ~xf whkbch åtrh chw fli`rkntf`lw }hrtflhlthw,  N c‖`}}`wæ# fdhltfhr chw infbchwwhw dh gongxl dhw }`fltw dh yxh ht l`thr chw fli`rkntf`lw

knl~xnlthw

~xf }`xrrnfhlt n}}xvhr chxr }hrtflhlgh,  Nrtfgxchr

gongxl dhw nrjxkhltw hl }r`}`wnlt xlh ov}`toïwh cfæh# dhw }rhxyhw nirknlt c‖nrjxkhlt

`x hlg`rh hl w‖flthrr`jhnlt wxr cn }ræwhlgh `x l`l d‖xlh c`jf~xh dhrrfïrh c‖nrjxkhlt,

2ldh ætn}h 5 ch dæbnt Cn ræncfwntf`l d‖xlh }ræwhltntf`l dhw dhx }`fltw dh yxh hl cn }ræwhlgh dhw dhx æ~xf}hw hwt nc`rw ch }`flt hwwhltfhc dh cn kæto`dh Thnk Thnk N  Thnk Thnk B, C‖`behgtfi }rhkfhr ætnlt dh khttrh hl nynlt ny nlt chw nrjxkhltw dh gongxl knfw nxwwf d‖hlg`xrnjhr chw `behgtf`lw d‖xlh æ~xf}h wxr c‖nxtrh 5  Ræwhryhr

xlh }cnjh o`rnfrh ndæ~xnth nl dh }`xy`fr k`bfcfwhr chw dhx æ~xf}hw, Cn dfrhgtf`l }hxt

infrh ch go`f d‖`rfhlthr ghtth rhlg`ltrh g`kkh xl dæbnt `x }cxw g`kkh xl ægonljh d‖fdæhw dh tv}h brnflwt`rkflj,  Dfw}`whr d‖xl exrv# fldæ}hldnlt# g`k}`wæ dh }hrw`llhw g`llnfwwnlt ch wxeht dx dæbnt ht gn}nbch dh rhkhttrh hl ~xhwtf`l `x d‖n}}xvhr chw nrjxkhltw }ræwhltæw,  Cnfwwhr gongxlh dhw dhx æ~xf}hw }ræwhlthr w`l }`flt dh yxh ht g`lthwthr chw nrjxkhltw dh c‖nxtrh,  Infrh rædfjhr í gongxlh dhw æ~xf}hw xl d`gxkhlt dnlw ch~xhc hcch h}`whrn chw }rflgf}nx }`fltw g`ltrndfgt`frhw hltrh chw }`fltw dh yxh,  Infrh dx exrv# xl `rjnlh d`lt cn tâgoh lh g`lwfwth }nw í yncfdhr c‖xl `x c‖nxtrh dhw }`fltw dh yxh# knfw í dæthrkflhr gh ~xf d`ft åtrh }`xwwæ hl thrkhw dh rhgohrgohw ht dh ræhf`lw }`xr }hrkhttrh

dh infrh gh go`f,


dh lh }nw hlyfwnjhr xl whxc k`dh dh }hlwæh }`wwfbch  Iny`rfwh xlh khfcchxrh gfrgxcntf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l hl flthrlh  ]`wwfbfcftæ d‖æthldrh cn kæto`dh í }cxw dh 2 }`fltw dh yxh

Chw infbchwwhw  Læghwwfth

xl exrv fldæ}hldnlt gn}nbch dh exjhr dx bfhl i`ldæ dhw nrjxkhltw dh gongxlh dhw

æ~xf}hw,  Rfw~xh

d‖ngghltxhr chw g`lftw hltrh chw dhx æ~xf}hw nd`}tnlt gongxlh chxr yfwf`l dhw go`whw,  Rht`kbæh lnch lh g`lwfwtnlt }nw í dhy`fr infrh xl go`f g`lgrht hltrh dfiiærhlthw yfwf`lw 9>


Kæto`dh Thnk N Thnk B G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht GFN# N Trndhgrnit GFN# N Trndhgrnit ]rfkhr5 Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvtfg Thgolf~xhw Thgolf~xhw i`r Fk}r`yflj Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# XW J`yhrlkhlt, Knrw 2==6 ott}w5zzz,gfn,j`ycfbrnrvghlthr+i`r+toh+wtxdv+ì+flthccfjhlghgwf+}xbcfgntf`lwb`àw+nld+ k`l`jrn}owTrndhgrnit(2=]rfkhr+n}r=6,}di Flthccft, Kxwafljdxk# Nlncvwfw Kxwafljdxk# Nlncvwfw `l toh W`yfht Xlf`l# Toh Thnk NThnk B Hhrgfwh# Hhrgfwh# ott}5flthccft,kxwafljxk, hdxnlncvwfwPi`cdhrnlncvwfww`yPi`cdhrnlncvwfww`ythnkw,otkc

92


Kæto`dh Rhd Thnk Cn rhd thnk nlncvwfw hwt xlh g`k}`wnlth dhw ncthrlntfyh nlncvwfw# nlncvwfw# kæto`dhw g`k}cækhltnfrhw nx }cxw gcnw+ wf~xhw /WZ@T# /WZ@T# Kntrfgh dh ]`rthr# htg,& hk}c`væhw }nr chw gohiw d‖hltrh}rfwh, Hcchw }hrkhtthlt d‖æyfthr nx dægf+ dhxr dh w‖hlihrkhr dnlw dhw }ræexjæw ~xf irhflhrnfhlt cn ræw`cxtf`l d‖xl }r`bcïkh `x cn ræhf`l wxr xl }rèht, G‖hwt hl hiiht gh ~xh }r`}`wh cn rhd thnk nlncvwfw ~xh l`xw l`kkhr`lw t`xt nx c`lj dh ghtth goh cn kæto`dh rhd thnk `x t`xt wfk}chkhlt rhd thnk, Fc l‖hfwth }nw dh dælftf`l xlf~xh dh ghtth kæto`dh, Gh}hldnlt# `l

hk}c`f w`xyhlt chw thrkhw ¡}hlwhr g`kkh c‖ndyhrwnfrh± `x ¡wh infrh c‖ny`gnt dx dfnbch± }`xr c‖h}cf~xhr, Dh }cxw# ~xhcch ~xh w`ft cn dælftf`l# c‖`behgtfi dh cn rhd thnk hwt t`xe`xrw ch kåkh# fc w‖njft d‖nkæcf`rhr cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l }nr cn }hlwæh grftf~xh ht c‖nlncvwh dh ghcch+gf,

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh @l rhtfhldrn ch l`k dh rhd thnk dnlw ch whlw `ö fc gnrngtærfwnft ofwt`rf~xhkhlt c‖æ~xf}h g`k}`wæh dhw dægfdhxrw ht dhw h}hrtw rh}ræwhltnlt c‖ndyhrwnfrh g`kkxlfwth tnldfw ~xh c‖æ~xf}h bchxh rh}ræwhltnft chw Htntw+Xlfw, Fc hwt nc`rw }`wwfbch dh g`lwfdærhr xlh æ~xf}h bchxh ~xf whrn g`k}`wæh dh y`w dfrfjhnltw ht dh y`w h}hrtw tnldfw ~xh chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh rh}ræwhlthr`lt y`trh g`lgxrrhlt, Gh}hldnlt# fc hwt fk}`rtnlt dh g`lwfdærhr ~xh chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh d`fyhlt g`rrhw}`ldrh í dhw gnrngtærfwtf~xhw bfhl }rægfwhw, Hl hiiht# }`xr ~xh ghtth rhd thnk w`ft cn }cxw higngh }`wwfbch# whw khkbrhw d`fyhlt trïw bfhl g`llnìtrh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt ht ch g`lthth dx g`lgxrrhlt ~x‖fcw rh}ræwhlthlt, Nflwf# wf y`xw w`xonfthu ~xh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh rh}ræwhlth xlh hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth wh wftxnlt hl Goflh# fc whrn nc`rw }rfk`rdfnc ~xh whw khkbrhw lh w`fhlt }nw whxchkhlt inkfcfhrw dx cnljnjh# knfw ~x‖fcw v nfhlt æyhltxhcchkhlt yægx xlh ghrtnflh }ærf`dh y`frh# ~x‖fcw v nfhlt hx xlh h}ærfhlgh }rìhwwf`llhcch, Y`xw c‖nxrhu d`lg g`k}rfw# chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh d`fyhlt åtrh dhw h}hrtw dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt dh y`trh g`lgxrrhlt, Ghcn w‖n}}cf~xh æjnchkhlt í xl g`lgxrrhlt nx lfyhnx lntf`lnc 5 ghcxf+gf l‖n }nw ch kåkh hlyfr`llhkhlt w`gf`+æg`l`kf~xh# jæ`jrn}of~xh# }`cftf~xh `x dæk`jrn}of~xh ~xh y`xw, @l }hxt rhthlfr cn dælftf`l ~xh c‖nrkæh nkærfgnflh d`llh dh ghtth kæto`dh 5

–Rhd thnkflj fw n ixlgtf`l hhgxthd bv trnflhd# hdxgnthd# nld }rngtfghd thnk khkbhrw tont }r`yfdhw g`kknldhrw nl fldh}hldhlt gn}nbfcftv t` ixccv h}c`rh ncthrlntfyhw fl }cnlw# `}hrntf`lw# g`lgh}tw# `rjnlfuntf`lw# nld gn}nbfcftfhw fl toh g`ltht ì toh `}hrntf`lnc hlyfr`lkhlt nld ir`k toh }hrw}hgtfyhw ì `xr }nrtlhrw# ndyhrwnrfhw# nld `tohrw,‛ `tohrw,‛ @l rhtr`xyh nc`rw c‖fdæh ~xh chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh w`lt dhw }hrw`llhw hltrnflæhw# ~xf g`llnfwwhlt chxr wxeht nl dh }`xy`fr n}}`rthr nx dægfdhxr dhw fdæhw dh g`lgh}tw# `}ærntf`lw# }cnlw ncthrlntfiw# rhcntfiw

nx g`lthth dh c‖ndyhrwnfrh# dx }nrthlnfrh `x dhw nxtrhw ngthxrw hthrlhw í wn }r`}rh `rjnlfwntf`l, D‖`ö xlh ndn}tntf`l nx k`ldh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh }`wwfbch,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Bfhl ~xh chw `rfjflhw dh cn kæto`dh Rhd thnk w`fhlt kfcftnfrhw# ghcch+gf w‖ndn}th í xlh dvlnkf~xh d‖hltrh}rfwh, C‖±ndyhrwnfrh± dhyfhlt cn ¡g`lgxrrhlgh±, Gh}hldnlt# dhw d`knflhw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh w`lt }cxw n}}r`}rfæw ~xh d‖nxtrhw }`xr n}}cf~xhr ghtth kæto`dh, C‖nrkæh c‖n}}cf~xh }`xr cn wægxrftæ# ht chw hltrh}rfwhw }hxyhlt hl infrh dh kåkh, Cn wægxrftæ fli`rkntf`llhcch `x æg`l`kf~xh d‖xlh hltrh}rfwh }hxt åtrh nflwf yærfæh# ndn}tæh# nkæcf`ræh, Cn kæto`dh Rhd thnk }hrkht nc`rw dh ræyæchr chw infcchw# chw yxclærnbfcftæw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh /ht ghcchw dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh&, 97

Yfn dhw nlncvwhw }cxw gcnwwf~xhw# ch dægfdhxr n thldnlgh í wh khttrh dhw `hfccïrhw ~xf c‖hk}ågohlt dh


Kæto`dh Rhd Thnk

g`lwfdærhr t`xthw chw d`llæhw ht chw fli`rkntf`lw }hrkhttnlt dh g`k}rhldrh xl }r`bcïkh `x xlh wftxntf`l grftf~xh ht dh y`fr nx+dhcí, Cn Rhd thnk yn }hrkhttrh dh }rhldrh ch }r`bcïkh w`xw dh l`xyhnx nljchw }`xr ch ræw`xdrh ht nkæcf`rhr cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l, ]nrkf chw }`fltw ~xf }hxyhlt åtrh nb`rdæw }nr c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh# `l }hxt l`thr chw wxfynltw 5 chw cfhlw inkfcfnx `x nkfgnx dx  dhw dfrfjhnltw# chw }rhwwf`lw }`cftf~xhw dh c‖Htnt ch g`lthth w`gfnc dh c‖hltrh}rfwh • • •

Khttrh í c‖æ}rhxyh cn knlfïrh dh }hlwhr dh w`l hltrh}rfwh Ch }rflgf}nc nt`xt dh cn kæto`dh Rhd thnk hwt dh }hrkhttrh dh wh }cnghr dnlw cn }hnx dh w`l g`lgxrrhlt# `x dh w`l dætrngthxr ht d‖fknjflhr ~xhcchw }hxyhlt åtrh chw n}}r`gohw ht chw dæknrgohw ìihlwfyhw dh gh dhrlfhr g`ltrh wn }r`}rh hltrh}rfwh, Nflwf# c‖`behgtfi hwt d‖h}`whr gcnfrhkhlt chw æyhltxhcchw infbchwwhw dh cn wtrntæjfh d‖hltrh}rfwh ht d‖v rhkædfhr, Fc w‖njft dh g`lthwthr gh ~xf }nrnft æyfdhlt nx dfrfjhnltw dnlw chxr }rntf~xh dh kæto`dhw oærftæhw dhw h}ærfhlghw }nwwæhw ht dh chw `xyrfr í xl g`lthth gonljhnlt, Khttrh í c‖æ}rhxyh cn knlfïrh dh }hlwhr dh w`l hltrh}rfwh }hrkht nc`rw í cn i`fw d‖ægcnfrhr chw infbchwwhw ht dh rhkhttrh hl gnxwh chw fdæhw rhêxhw, C‖fltæråt dh c‖nlncvwh }nr `}}`wftf`l W`xyhlt# chw dægfdhxrw ndkhtthlt xlh g`k}ræohlwf`l dh chxr hlyfr`llhkhlt dnlw xlh n}}r`goh `}ærntf`llhcch bnwæh wxr xlh }hrw}hgtfyh xlf~xh dx }r`bcïkh, Cn kæto`dh yfwh í æyfthr ~x‖fcw lh wh gnlt`llhlt ~x‖í ghtth whxch yfwf`l dh cn wftxntf`l, Chw }hrw}hgtfyhw `}}`wæhw Chw }hrw}hgtfyhw `}}`wæhw g`rrhw}`ldhlt í cn yfwf`l dhw ngthxrw /}nrthlnfrhw# g`lgxrrhltw# htg,& dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt gxctxrhc# w`gf`+æg`l`kf~xh `x }`cftf~xh d‖xl }r`bcïkh, Gh}hldnlt# fc inxt yhfcchr í lh }nw dx}cf~xhr ch g`lgh}t gxctxrhc dh c‖æ~xf}h bchxh í ghcxf d‖xl g`lgxrrhlt d‖xl }nvw ætrnljhr }nr hhk}ch# w`xw }hflh dh inxwwhr c‖nlncvwh, c‖nlncvw h, D‖`ö cn læghwwftæ dh khttrh hl }cngh dhw æ~xf}hw g`llnfwwnlt cn gxctxrh dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh, Bfhl khlæhw# chw nlncvwhw d`llhr`lt dh cn kntfïrh }`xr nkæcf`rhr cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Fc hwt t`xt d‖nb`rd læghwwnfrh dh g`lwtftxhr dhx æ~xf}hw }cxrfi`lgtf`llhcchw, C‖æ~xf}h bchxh rh}ræwhlth y`trh hltrh}rfwh ht y`trh wtrntæjfh 5 chw hlehx dhw dægfwf`lw ht cn }`cftf~xh dh wægxrftæ cxf w`lt g`llxw, C‖æ~xf}h r`xjh whrn g`lwtftxæh dh }hrw`llhw gn}nbchw dh wh khttrh dnlw cn }hnx dh c‖hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth,

94

Nx whfl d‖xlh kåkh æ~xf}h# c‖fdænc hwt dh i`rkhr dhx jr`x}hw dh }hrw`llhw nx i`lgtf`lw dfiiærhlthw 5 d‖xlh }nrt# ch }rhkfhr jr`x}h g`rrhw}`ldrn í dhw dægfdhxrw dh ghcch+gf /gohi d‖hltrh}rfwh# khkbrhw dx g`kftæ dh dfrhgtf`l# knlnjhrw& ht# d‖nxtrh }nrt# dhw g`lwhfcchrw dhw dægfdhxrw ~xf `}ærhr`lt dnlw cn gxctxrh# cn cnljxh ht ch kfcfhx }`cftf~xh dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh,


Kæto`dh Rhd Thnk Xlh i`fw }råtw# chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h r`xjh d`fyhlt 5  Wh

khttrh dnlw c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt ht cn }hnx dhw ngthxrw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth ht rænjfr nx wtfkxcf htærfhxrw  Ræncfwhr xlh cfwth dh ~xhwtf`lw í cn }rhkfïrh }hrw`llh g`kkh c‖hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth ch ihrnft thcchw ~xh 5 G`kkhlt }`xrrnfw+eh }hrghy`fr dhw fli`rkntf`lw hltrnlthw 0 ` ^xhcchw whrnfhlt khw }ræ`ggx}ntf`lw }hrw`llhcchw 0 ` N ~xf dhyrnfw+eh dhknldhr xl nyfw 0± `  Ræncfwhr xlh wærfh dh d`gxkhltw dnlw chw~xhcw ch dfrfjhnlt `x c‖æ~xf}h hltfïrh l`xrrft wn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l, ]cxw ghw d`gxkhltw rhïthr`lt chw l`rkhw gxctxrhcchw ht }hrw`llhcchw dx g`lgxrrhlt# }cxw

fcw }`xrr`lt ìirfr xlh }hrw}hgtfyh dfiiærhlth wxr ch }r`bcïkh, Knfw cn yærftnbch `rfjflncftæ dh ghtth kæto`dh wh tr`xyh dnlw cn i`rkh ~x‖hcch }rhld dnlw w`l ætnt lnc 5  C‖nlncvwh hwt w`xyhlt dnlw xl i`rknt í cn }rhkfïrh

}hrw`llh# rædfjæ w`xw i`rkh dh l`thw,  C‖`behgtfi dh c‖nlncvwh l‖hwt }nw dh rædfjhr dhw nyhrtfwwhkhltw knfw }cxtôt dh }r`y`~xhr cn }hlwæh `x dh g`lthwthr cn g`k}ræohlwf`l g`lyhltf`llhcch# ¡trndftf`llhcch±# hl }rhlnlt hl g`k}th cn inê`l dh }hlwhr dh c‖ndyhrwnfrh,  ch cfyrnbch cnfwwh rnrhkhlt n}}nrnftrh dhw wfkfcnrftæw nyhg chw }r`}`w d‖nxtrhw h}hrtw, C‖`behgtfi l‖hwt }nw d‖nrrfyhr í xl g`lwhlwxw knfw hwwhltfhcchkhlt dh }`xwwhr í cn ræhf`l# d‖æt`llhr ht dh infrh ræægofr chw dægfdhxrw,

Chw i`rghw  Wh

}cnghr dnlw xl rôch l`l onbftxhc# ghcxf dx g`lgxrrhlt  @xyrfr w`l hw}rft ht ncchr nx dhcí dhw nlncvwhw dfthw trndftf`llhcchw  ]rhldrh hl g`k}th dhw d`llæhw }nri`fw `xbcfæhw 5 ch g`lthth gxctxrhc# }`cftf~xh# dæk`jrn}of~xh# htg,  /Rh&+dæg`xyrfr chw infcchw# infbchwwhw dh w`l hltrh}rfwh# `x dh w`l g`lgxrrhlt

Chw infbchwwhw  Cn

læghwwftæ d‖ny`fr dnlw w`l hltrh}rfwh dhw g`ccnb`rnthxrw nyhg dh trïw b`llhw g`llnfwwnlghw dh c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt ht dx g`lthth dh c‖hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth y`frh xlh h}ærfhlgh }rìhwwf`llhcch dnlw xlh hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth `x nx g`ltrnflthw wfkfcnfrhw  Ch rfw~xh dh ræ}æthr ch kåkh gnrgnl ~xh dnlw w`l hltrh}rfwh# knfw dx gôtæ dh c‖hltrh}rfwh g`lgxrrhlth,

98


Kæto`dh Rhd Thnk

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Rhdthnke`xrlnc,g`k

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht I`rhfjl Niinfrw# Hwwhlgh ì Dhgfwf`l5 H}cnflflj toh Gxbnl Kfwwfch Grfwfw /2ld Hdftf`l& J, T, Nccfw`l nld ], Uhcfa`z, Exfl >666# ott}5zzz,i`rhfjlniinfrw,g`knrtfgchw84?48j+eòl+fahlbhrrvhwwhlgh+ì+dhgfwf`l+ h}cnflflj+toh+gxbnl+kfwwfch+grfwfw+2ld+hd I`rhfjl Niinfrw# Kfcftnrv Kfwi`rtxlhw5 Toh Nlnt`kv ì Infcxrh fl Znr # C,N, Gòhl nld E, J``go, >6662==8 ott}5zzz,i`rhfjlni ott}5zzz ,i`rhfjlniinfrw,g`knrtf infrw,g`knrtfgchw4:>82jrhj gchw4:>82jrhj`rv+i+trhyhrt `rv+i+trhyhrt`lkfcftnrv+kfw `lkfcftnrv+kfwi`rtxlhw+toh+ i`rtxlhw+toh+nlnt`kv+ì+inf nlnt`kv+ì+infcxrh+ cxrh+ fl+znr GFN# Rhtoflaflj ‟Ncthrlntfyh Nlncvwfw‖ t` Nddrhww Trnlwlntf`lnc Torhntw# Torhntw# Z, Ifwobhfl# J, Trhyhrt`l 2==4 ott}w5zzz,gfn,j`ycfbrnrvahlt+ghlthr+`ggnwf`lnc+}n}hrwy`c7l`2,otk ]`rtcnld Wtnth Xlfyhrwftv# Fli`rkntf`l Nwwxrnlgh Khnwxrhw nld Khtrfgw + Wtnth ì ]rngtfgh nld ]r`}`whd Tn`l`kv # RB Ynxjol# R Ohllflj# Ohl lflj# N Wfrne,2==2# ott}5gfthwhhr,fwt,}wx,hdxyfhzd`gd`zlc`nd0d`f;>=,>,>,6 ?,4449)rh};rh}>)tv}h;}di JRNB@# Gvltofn Nltfgf}ntflj Wxr}rfwh5 Nlncvwfw i`r Wtrnthjfg Znrlflj# Znrlflj# 2==2# >?? }, ott}5zzz,ldfg,hdx }rhww89:>,otk RFGONRDW# E, OHXHR# Er,# ]wvgo`c`jv ì Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# >666# >89 }, ott}w5zzz,gfn,j`ycfbrnrvghlthr+i`r+toh+wtxdv+ì+flthccfjhlghgwf+}xbcfgntf`lwb`àw+nld+k`l`jrn}ow }wvgo`c`jv+ì+flthccfjhlgh+nlncvwfwfldh,otkc Rhnd Thnk E`xrlnc# Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvtfg Thgolf~xhw i`r bhtthr wtrnthjv # K, Knthwaf# : knf 2=>=# ott}5 rhdthnke`xrlnc,g`k2=>==8wtrxgtxrhd+nlncvtfg+thgolf~xhw+i`r+bhtthr+wtrnthjv KNTHWAF# K# Rhd Thnkflj Thnkflj n wo`rt fltr`dxgtf`l# fltr`dxgtf`l# 2==?# 8= }, ott}5rhdthnke`xrlnc,g`k}n}hrwN(2=Wo`rt(2= Fltr`dxgtf`l(2=t`(2=Rhd(2=Thnkflj(2=(2?>d`t=(26,}di L`htfg Jr`x}# Knaflj fldh}hldhlt rhd+thnkflj toh i`xldntf`l i`r wxgghwwixc wtrnthjv # N, Rvnl Enlyfhr 2==9# ott}5zzz,l`htfgjr`x},g`k}njhwfknjhwL`htfg(2=Zofth(2=]n}hr(2=+(2=Rhd(2=Thnkflj,}di Toh O`lhvlht ]rèhgt# Al`z V`xr Hlhkv5 Chnrlflj nb`xt Whgxrftv Torhntw# Torhntw# 2ld Hdftf`l#2==4# ott}5zzz, fli`rkft,g`kwt`rh}r`dxgt,nw}0fwbl;=72>>99496 GFN# N Trndhgrnit GFN# N Trndhgrnit ]rfkhr5 Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvtfg Thgolf~xhw Thgolf~xhw i`r Fk}r`yflj Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw# Nlncvwfw# XW J`yhrlkhlt# Knrw 2==6# ott}w5zzz,gfn,j`ycfbrnrvghlthr+i`r+toh+wtxdv+ì+flthccfjhlghgwf+}xbcfgntf`lwb`àw+nld+ k`l`jrn}owTrndhgrnit(2=]rfkhr+n}r=6,}di 99

GFN# ]hnrc Onrb`r5 Znrlflj nld Dhgfwf`l R, Zòcwthtthr# 22 wh}thkbrh >667# ott}w5zzz,gfn,j`ycfbrnrv ghlthr+i`r+toh+wtxdv+ì+flthccfjhlghahlt+gwfy`c:l`7otkcy=:f7n>7}P===>,otk


Kæto`dh dh c‖ny`gnt dx dfnbch ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh G`ltrnfrhkhlt í cn kæto`dh Thnk NThnk B dnlw cn~xhcch w‖niir`lthlt }cxwfhxrw }hlwæhw dnlw xl kåkh jr`x}h# c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch d`ft wh khttrh hl `}}`wftf`l í cn }hlwæh d`kflnlth d‖xl jr`x}h }`xr g`ltrhr chw nrjxkhltw nynlgæw }nr ghcxf+gf, C‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch hwt xlh kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh }nr `}}`wftf`l# wfk}ch d‖xtfcfwntf`l ht xtfcfwnbch ~xhc ~xh w`ft ch }rèht í khlhr `x cn dægfwf`l í }rhldrh, C‖`rfjflh dh c‖h}rhwwf`l ¡wh infrh c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch± rhk`lth nx }`ltfgnt dx }n}h Wfth Y /_YFïkh wfïgch&, Dnlw xl }r`gïw hl bæntfgntf`l# xl ny`gnt jælærnc hwt gonrjæ

dh tr`xyhr chw nrjxkhltw g`ltrnfrhw ht dæiny`rnbchw í cn gnxwh d‖xlh }hrw`llh ht dh chw æl`lghr# wh infwnlt nflwf c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch, C‖h}rhwwf`l hwt }nwwæh dnlw ch cnljnjh g`xrnlt ht d`llh æjnchkhlt w`l l`k í cn kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh ~xf }hrkht dh khttrh í c‖æ}rhxyh chw nrjxkhltw nynlgæw }nr cn }hlwæh d`kflnlth dnlw xl }rèht `x xl }r`ghwwxw dh dægfwf`l, C‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch d`ft wh thlfr hl `}}`wftf`l í cn }hlwæh d`kflnlth ht lh }nw wh cnfwwhr on}}hr }nr hcch ht nflwf infrh }rhxyh d‖hw}rft grftf~xh, Whw kfwwf`lw w`lt 5  D‖nll`lghr

ch g`ltrnfrh dhw nrjxkhltw fly`~xæw,  D‖hlyfwnjhr chw ncthrlntfyhw }`wwfbchw,  D‖`bthlfr xl exjhkhlt ch }cxw fldæ}hldnlt }`wwfbch,  Dh w`xchyhr chw flgòærhlghw ht }r`}`whr xlh ncthrlntfyh,  Dh iny`rfwhr chw ægonljhw g`lwtrxgtfiw ht ch dæbnt nlncvtf~xh,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ghtth kæto`dh g`lwfwth í infrh grftf~xhr chw trnynx# }rèhtw# `x dægfwf`lw í }rhldrh }nr xlh }hrw`llh ~xf l‖n}}nrtfhlt }nw nx jr`x}h knfw ~xf g`llnft ch wxeht trnftæ, Fc w‖njft dh chyhr ch dæbnt ht d‖hlrfgofr cn ræhf`l

khlæh exw~xh+cí, Wf xl jr`x}h hwt }nryhlx í ætnbcfr xl g`lwhlwxw# fc hwt fk}`rtnlt ~xh ghcxf+gf w`ft rhkfw hl gnxwh nl ~xh chw g`lgcxwf`lw tfræhw lh w`fhlt }nw ch irxft d‖xl hiiht dh jr`x}h yfgtfkh dh inxwwhw

æyfdhlghw, Chw 7 `behgtfiw dh cn kæto`dh w`lt 5 >

> G`lthwthr h}cfgfthkhlt chw ov}`toïwhw gcæw }`xr thwthr chxr yncfdftæ dnlw ghrtnflhw gfrg`lwtnlghw, 2 Fdhltfhr t`xth inxth dh c`jf~xh ~xf inxwwhrnft ch rnfw`llhkhlt,

7 ]ræwhlthr chw ov}`toïwhw ncthrlntfyhw g`ltrnfrhw ht thwthr nflwf cn yncfdftæ dhw ov}`toïwhw nynlgæhw,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh T`xth }hrw`llh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh }hxt wh infrh c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch, Hcch lh d`ft wfk}chkhlt }nw infrh }nrtfh dx jr`x}h ~xf n æcnb`ræ ch }rèht w`xkfw í grftf~xh t`xt hl g`llnfwwnlt xl kflfkxk ch wxeht trnftæ, Gh }hxt+åtrh xl nxtrh gohi dh }rèht }nr hhk}ch, ]`xr hljnjhr w`l nlncvwh grftf~xh# c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch d`ft2 5 9:

> Htrnft trndxft dh Trndhgrnit ]rfkhr5 Wtrxgtxrhd Nlncvtfg Thgolf~xhw Thgolf~xhw i`r Fk}r`yflj Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw ]rh}nrhd bv toh XW J`yhrlkhlt# Knrgo 2==6 zzz,gfn,j`y 2 Fbfd


Kæto`dh dh c‖ny`gnt dx dfnbch  H}`whr

c‖fdæh# chw ov}`toïwhw }rflgf}nchw ht dægrfrh c‖æyfdhlgh }ræwhlth,  Wæchgtf`llhr xlh `x }cxwfhxrw ov}`toïwhw ~xf whkbchlt chw }cxw wxwgh}tfbchw d‖åtrh rhkfwhw hl ~xhwtf`lw,  Hnkflhr chw fli`rkntf`lw xtfcfwæhw }`xr thwthr cn yncfdftæ ht rhchyhr cngxlhw ht hrrhxrw,  Khttrh hl æyfdhlgh chw æcækhltw dh }rhxyh ~xf }`xrrnfhlt w`xthlfr xlh ov}`toïwh ncthrlntfyh `x hl g`ltrndfgtf`l nyhg cn }hlwæh ngtxhcch, hfw th dhw ov}`toïwhw hrr`læhw# dhw }rhxyhw  ]ræwhlthr nx jr`x}h chw g`lgcxwf`lw ~xf k`ltrhlt ~x‖fc hfwth dh cn knxynfwh ~xncftæ dh c‖æyfdhlgh `x dhw hrrhxrw,  Hlyfwnjhr cn rædngtf`l d‖xl d`gxkhlt ~xf h}`wh chw nrjxkhltw hl inyhxr d‖xlh g`lgcxwf`l nlncvtf~xh dfiiærhlth wf c‖hnkhl ræyïch dhw dæinxtw d‖nlncvwh knehxrw,  W‖nwwxrhr ~xh ch d`gxkhlt rhldx k`ltrh chw fdæhw rhêxhw# ~x‖fc hwt ch irxft dx trnynfc d‖xl yærftnbch ny`gnt dx Dfnbch ht ~x‖fc hwt í dfwtfljxhr dx trnynfc flftfnc,

Chw i`rghw  Wfk}ch

í g`k}rhldrh ht í khttrh hl }cngh,  ]ræyfwf`l dhw g`ltrh+nrjxkhltw dæ}c`væw,

Chw infbchwwhw  ]hx

thgolf~xh,  Cn kæto`dh dhknldh xlh ghrtnflh g`llnfwwnlgh dx wxeht,  Dx thk}w ht dhw }hrw`llhw htærfhxrhw í c‖æcnb`rntf`l dx trnynfc w`xkfw í grftf~xh d`fyhlt åtrh dfw}`lfbchw,

Gnw }rntf~xhw Hhk}ch 5 xlh hltrh}rfwh w`xonfth w‖`xyrfr í c‖flthrlntf`lnc# w‖h}`rthr `x w‖fk}cnlthr í c‖ætrnljhr, Ghtth hltrh}rfwh yn v y`fr dnlw xl }rhkfhr thk}w dhw `}}`rtxlftæw dh dæyhc`}}hkhlt# cn w`cynbfcftæ dhw knrgoæw# chw ingfcftæw d‖ngohkflhkhlt dh whw }r`dxftw, Hlwxfth c‖ny`gnt dx Dfnbch yfhldrn rn}}hchr chw k`ltnltw dhw dr`ftw dh d`xnlh ~xh c‖hltrh}rfwh yn wx}}`rthr# nflwf ~xh ch lfyhnx dh g`rrx}tf`l dx }nvw# c‖flwtnbfcftæ c ‖flwtnbfcftæ }`cftf~xh# chw g`ñtw d‖ngohkflhkhlt æchyæw# chw ynrfntf`lw dx tnx dh gonljh# chw dfigxctæw dh dfwtrfbxtf`l,,,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht G`k}htftfyh Flthccfjhlgh D`gxkhltw dfw}`lfbchw wxr ch wfth dh cn GFN 5 zzz,gfn,j`y

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht OHCCRFHJHC# D`l# WC@GXK# Eòl Z# Knlnjhkhlt dhw `rjnlfwntf`lw# `rjnlfwntf`lw# Dh B`hga, 2==4# 77= },

9?


Kæto`dh ¡Torhnt Nlncvwfw Irnkhz`ra± ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc Cn kæto`dh Torhnt nlncvwfw irnkhz`ra /Wgoækn d‖nlncvwh dhw rfw~xhw& trnftæh dnlw ghtth goh n ætæ dæyhc`}}æh }nr ch cnb`rnt`frh dh rhgohrgoh nkærfgnfl Wnldfn># w}ægfncfwæ dnlw c‖ælhrjfh ht c‖hlyfr`llhkhlt, Hcch ætnft dhwtflæh flftfnchkhlt í }r`tæjhr chw whgthxrw+gcæw dh khlnghw }ovwf~xhw `x fli`rkntf~xhw, Chw æ~xf}hkhltw ht flirnwtrxgtxrhw thgolf~xhw /ghltrnchw lxgcænfrhw hltrhw nxtrhw& w`lt }cxw w}ægf~xhkhlt

g`lghrlæw# l`tnkkhlt }nr ch rfw~xh d‖xlh }rfwh dh g`ltrôch kncyhfccnlth,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh C‖`behgtfi hwt d‖fdhltfhr chw khlnghw yfn c‖fli`rkntf`l dh w`xrghw `xyhrthw `x ihrkæhw# d‖æyncxhr whc`l ~xhc

dhjræ dh yxclærnbfcftæ c‖fli`rkntf`l }hxt åtrh dæg`xyhrth ht dh rh}ærhr chw flthltf`lw dh whw g`lgxrrhltw, Cn kntrfgh whrt d`lg í dæthgthr# fdhltfhr ht æyncxhr wvwtækntf~xhkhlt chw }`fltw dh yxclærnbfcftæ d‖xl

æ~xf}hkhlt# d‖xlh `}ærntf`l `x d‖xl wvwtïkh, C‖nlncvwh }hrkht dh gcnwwfhr ht }nrtnjhr chw wftxntf`lw í rfw~xhw# k`ltrhr }nr hhk}ch ~xh chw g`lgxrrhltw

}hxyhlt ræg`cthr dhw fli`rkntf`lw }`thltfhcchkhlt dnljhrhxwhw }`xr c‖hltrh}rfwh wxr ch zhb, Hll# g‖hwt xl k`vhl dh khwxrhr chw khlnghw ht dh kfhx ræ}nrtfr chw k`vhlw dh dæihlwh dnlw c‖hltrh}rfwh,

Kfwh hl `hxyrh Ch k`dïch rh}`wh wxr 8 æcækhltw 5 • • • • •

Dælftf`l dhw gnrngtærfwtf~xhw d‖xlh khlngh

Wtrntæjfhw d‖nttn~xhw G`lwtrxgtf`l dh wghlnrff ræncfwthw Nlncvwh hl thk}w ræhc dhw infbchwwhw Kfwh nx }`flt dh wtrntæjfhw dh dæihlwh

]`xr i`xrlfr xlh nlncvwh d‖hlwhkbch dhw khlnghw# ch wgoækn d‖nlncvwh dhw rfw~xhw d`ft }hrkhttrh dh g`ltrfbxhr í fdhltfhr chw æcækhltw gcæw nl d‖fdhltfhr# dh gnrngtærfwhr# ht d‖nttælxhr chw hiihtw dh ghw

khlnghw,

Chw i`rghw •

N}}r`goh }rhlnlt hl g`k}th chw rfw~xhw yfrtxhcw ht chw infbchwwhw flthrlhw#

•

Ræhf`l wxr chw flthltf`lw ht chw gn}ngftæw dh w`l g`lgxrrhlt }`xr hlwxfth ræægofr wxr whw }r`}rhw

•

yxclærnbfcftæw, Cn kæto`dh kht æjnchkhlt c‖ngghlt wxr ch inft ~x‖`l lh }hxt }nw t`xt }rhldrh hl g`k}th ht ~xh c‖hltrh}rfwh lh wh g`llnìt }nw t`tnchkhlt, Chw g`lgxrrhltw }hxyhlt hl hiiht dæghchr dhw infbchwwhw ~xf }hxyhlt cxf }nrnìtrh kflhxrhw,

96 > zzz,wnldfn,j` zzz,wnldfn,j`yy


Kæto`dh ¡Torhnt Nlncvwfw Irnkhz`ra±

Chw infbchwwhw Xlh dhw }rflgf}nchw infbchwwhw dh ghtth kntrfgh ræwfdh dnlw cn gcnwwfgntf`l dhw d`llæhw g`lwtftxtfyhw d‖xlh khlngh, Chw dfiiærhlthw khlnghw lh i`lt }nw hlg`rh c‖`beht d‖xlh gcnwwfgntf`l hl i`lgtf`l dh chxr w`xrgh `x

dh chxr lntxrh# nflwf ~xh dh chxr lfyhnx dh dnljhr`wftæ }nr hhk}ch,

Gnw }rntf~xh Dnlw xlh >ïrh }onwh fc w‖njfrn }nr hhk}ch dh dæthrkflhr wf chw }`fltw infbchw ht yxclærnbfcftæw w`lt ngghwwfbchw }nr ch bfnfw d‖Flthrlht, Ghcn }hrkhttrn d‖æyncxhr ch lfyhnx d‖fli`rkntf`l í dfw}`wftf`l dhw ndyhrwnfrhw ht dh dælfr cn }`wwfbfcftæ }`xr ghx+gf dh w‖hl whryfr,

Dnlw xlh 2ïkh }onwh# fc inxdrn dæthrkflhr c‖fltæråt ~xh }hxyhlt }`rthr chw g`lgxrrhltw í ghw fli`rkntf`lw ht wny`fr wf ghcn }hxt hltrnflhr dhw rfw~xhw, Wf ghrtnflhw fli`rkntf`lw lh rh}ræwhlthlt ~x‖xl fltæråt cfkftæ whc`l y`xw# fc inxdrn hlyfwnjhr dfiiærhlthw ov}`toïwhw ht w`xrghw dh rfw~xhw, ]nr hhk}ch# cn g`k}fcntf`l d‖fli`rkntf`lw# exjæhw kflhxrhw# }hxt ræyæchr bhnxg`x} dh go`whw wxr c‖hltrh}rfwh, Fc whrnft nflwf fltærhwwnlt dh gcnwwhr chw fli`rkntf`lw ht dh chw æyncxhr whc`l xl dhjræ dh rfw~xh# fltrflwï~xh í c‖hltrh}rfwh, Dnlw xlh 7ïkh }onwh fc w‖njfrn dh i`rkxchr chw hiihtw ht chw g`lwæ~xhlghw }`wwfbchw d‖xlh nttn~xh ht dh rh}ærhr chw k`vhlw ndn}tæw nl dh ræncfwhr chw flyhwtfwwhkhltw hl wægxrftæ læghwwnfrhw,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Jrhvc`jfg# Kn}}flj DWT‖w G`llhgtf`lw t` toh RI nld J`cdknl Wngow# Wngow# ? knf 2=>=# ott}5flthcixwf`l,lht z`rd}rhww2=>==2=7n+c`à+nt+wnldfn+lntf`lnc+cnbw+torhnt+nlncvwfw+k`dhc Wnldfn Lntf`lnc Cnb`rnt`rfhw# Gvbhr Nttngaw `l G`ltr`c Wvwthkw5 Hyncxntflj toh Rhnc Rfwa # 24 exfl 2==?# ott}5zzz,wnldfn,j`ywgndnz`rawo`},otk

Ngthxrw Wnldfn Lntf`lnc Cnb`rnt`rfhw# Torhnt Nlncvwfw Irnkhz`ra # D, ], Dxjjnl ht E, T, Kfgoncwaf# wh}thkbrh 2==: ott}5zzz,`h,hlhrjv,j`yD`gxkhltwnldKhdfnTorhntPNlncvwfwPIrnkhz`ra,}di

:=


Chw ¡Bxwflhww Znrjnkhw± ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh ¡ Znrjnkh ± wfjlfh# hl irnlênfw ehx dh jxhrrh, Fc w‖njft d‖xlh trndxgtf`l dx Arfhjw}fhc ncchknld# kæto`dh

xtfcfwæh }`xr nltfgf}hr chw knlŗxyrhw dhw ndyhrwnfrhw hl ræncfwnlt dhw wfkxcntf`lw d‖nttn~xhw ht hl grænlt dhw wgælnrf`w dh rf}`wthw wxr dhw gnrthw jæ`jrn}of~xhw `x dhw kn~xhtthw dx gonk} dh bntnfcch, Ch ¡ Bxwflhww Znrjnkh ± yn }hrkhttrh d‖n}}cf~xhr gh }rflgf}h dnlw chw hltrh}rfwhw dnlw ch bxt d‖nfdhr í cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ch bxt dh cn kæto`dh ¡ Bxwflhww Znrjnkh ± hwt 5  D‖fdhltfhr

chw khlnghw ht`x `}}`rtxlftæw wxr ch knrgoæ,

 Dh

khttrh hl }cngh dhw wgælnrf`w `}ærntf`llhcw,  D‖fk}cf~xhr xlh æ~xf}h dnlw cn kfwh hl ŗxyrh d‖xlh wtrntæjfh }`wwfbch ingh nx wtrntæjfhw }`thltfhcchw dhw g`lgxrrhltw,  D‖ny`fr xl thk}w d‖nynlgh wxr cn wtrntæjfh dhw g`lgxrrhltw, G`kkhlt w‖nrtfgxch cn kæto`dh Bxwflhww Znrjnkh 0 T`xt d‖nb`rd# y`xw dæcfkfthu chw }cnlw wtrntæjf~xhw dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh, Hlwxfth# y`xw }rhlhu g`lwgfhlgh dhw }cnlw wtrntæjf~xhw dh y`w g`lgxrrhltw ht hll y`xw cfwthu chw ¡ flg`ltrôcnbchw ±,

W`xrgh5 ott}5zzz,an}}nzhwt,g`k

Chw }cnlw dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh Cn }rhkfïrh ætn}h hwt ghcch dh cn yfwf`l ht dh cn jrnldh wtrntæjfh dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh 5  C‖hltrh}rfwh d`ft dælfr ~xhcch whrn wn ixtxrh wtrntæjfh

ht w`l fltæråt í k`vhl ht c`lj thrkhw,

 Wny`fr

dnlw ~xhc hlyfr`llhkhlt hcch yn æy`cxhr 0  G`kkhlt hcch }`xrrn dæyhc`}}hr ghw wtrntæjfhw 0

:>

Cn dhxfïkh ætn}h hwt cn wtrntæjfh hk}c`væh 5  Dætnfcchr chw kfwwf`lw ht `behgtfiw ~xh y`trh hltrh}rfwh w`xonfth ngg`k}cfr 5 ` ^xhcw knrgoæw yfwæw 0 ` ^xhcw tv}hw d‖ìirhw 0 ` ^xhc tv}h dh wtrxgtxrh 0


Chw ¡Bxwflhww Znrjnkhw±

`

^xhcw k`vhlw lnlgfhrw 0

Cn tr`fwfïkh ætn}h g`lwfwth í dæthrkflhr chw }rèhtw `}ærntf`llhcw í khttrh hl }cngh 5  ^xf# ~xnld# ~x`f# `ö 0  ^xf hwt ch Rhw}`lwnbch dh cn Wtrntæjfh 0  ^xnld chw }rèhtw whr`lt+fcw kfw hl ŗxyrh 0  @ö chw hii`rtw whr`lt+fcw g`lghltræw 0 ^xnld whr`lt+fcw dæyhc`}}æw 0 Cn ~xntrfïkh ætn}h g`lghrlh cn kfwh hl ŗxyrh `}ærntf`llhcch /tngtf~xh& dh ghw }rèhtw }nr 5  Ch whryfgh knrahtflj ht yhlthw  Ch whryfgh gcfhltw ht WNY  Ch

whryfgh lnlgh

 …

Chw }cnlw dhw g`lgxrrhltw ht chxrw ngtf`lw Chw hltrh}rfwhw lh d`fyhlt }nw åtrh æt`llæhw dh ghrtnflhw khwxrhw }rfwhw }nr chxrw g`lgxrrhltw, Hcchw d`fyhlt d`f yhlt ræncfwhr xlh yhfcch g`lgxrrhltfhcch, C‖fltæråt hwt dh bfhl g`llnìtrh w`l knrgoæ# whw g`lgxrrhltw ht chxrw ngtf`lw }`wwfbchw /}nrthlnrfntw# nbw`r}tf`lw# ixwf`lw# l`xyhcchw ìirhw…&, Fc inxt wh }`whr chw b`llhw ~xhwtf`lw 5 Cn wtrntæjfh ~xh eh w`xonfth khttrh hl }cngh l‖n+t+hcch }nw dæeí ætæ }hlwæh }nr k`l g`lgxrrhlt 0 • • •

•

Nf+eh bfhl wægxrfwæ khw }cnlw wtrntæjf~xhw nl d‖æyfthr t`xthw ixfthw d‖fli`rkntf`lw 0

^xhcw }cnlw khw g`lgxrrhltw }`xrrnfhlt+fcw khttrh hl }cngh g`ltrh k`l hltrh}rfwh 0 /Gi, Kntrfgh WZ@T 5 khw infbchwwhw&, Ht hll dfwtfljxhr khw g`lgxrrhltw dfrhgtw># fldfrhgtw2 ht chw l`xyhnx hltrnltw7 wxr ch knrgoæ, /gi, Kntrfgh dh ]@RTHR&,

Chw flg`ltrôcnbchw Chw flg`ltrôcnbchw w`lt chw ingthxrw ~xh c‖hltrh}rfwh lh }hxt }nw knìtrfwhr 5 c‖æg`l`kfh c ‖æg`l`kfh dh knrgoæ# chw thldnlghw dx knrgoæ# cn l`xyhcch thgol`c`jfh# chw gonljhkhltw gxctxrhcw# chw ngtf`lw j`xyhrlhkhltnchw… C‖hltrh}rfwh d`ft }r`thr dh ghw gonljhkhltw }`xr cnlghr dh l`xyhcchw wtrntæjfhw,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Whc`l c‖`behgtfi yfwæ ht cn gfbch go`fwfh# cn kæto`dh ¡ Bxwflhww Znrjnkh ± whrn dfiiærhlth 5  T`xt

:2

d‖nb`rd# fc inxt }ræ}nrhr dhw `xtfcw wvltoætf~xhw dh tv}h Kntrfgh WZ@T# WZ@T# Kntrfgh BGJ# Kntrfgh

> G`lgxrrhltw dfrhgtw 5 l`w ìirhw# l`w }r`dxftw ht whryfghw w`lt g`k}nrnbchw, Chxrw k`vhlw dh l`xw g`ltrhr w`lt chxrw nttn~xhw# chw ngtf`lw dh c`bbvflj htg, 2 G`lgxrrhltw fldfrhgtw 5 chxrw ìirhw w`lt dfiiærhlthw, Wf l`xw ny`lw xlh }`wftf`l dh chndhr# fcw y`xdr`lt w‖flw}frhr dh l`w ìirhw hl n}}cf~xnlt xl bhl+ goknra , Gi, Cfyrh bcnlg Gon}ftrh Bhlgoknraflj Bhlgoknraflj,, 7 Chw l`xyhnx hltrnltw 5 fc lh inxt }nw chw `xbcfhr, Fcw lh }r`}`whlt }nw chw kåkhw ìirhw knfw dhyfhllhlt dhw g`lgxrrhltw }`thltfhcw,



]`rthr >, Hlwxfth# dælfr dhw rïjchw ht ch dær`xchkhlt dh cn ghccxch 5  @rjnlfwhr

dhw æ~xf}hw }`xr chw ehx dh rôch 5 kæcnljhr chw i`lgtf`lw ht chw dfiiærhltw lfyhnx ofærnrgof~xhw# y`xw `btfhldrhu dhw yfwf`lw ht fdæhw t`tnchkhlt dfiiærhlthw,

Ch }r`jrnkkh d‖xlh Ghccxch Bxwflhww Znrjnkh 5 >, Lfyhnx N 5 » e`xrlæh í > e`xr 5 }ræwhltntf`l dx g`lgh}t dh Bxwflhww Znrjnkh, 2, Lfyhnx B 5 > í 2 e`xrw 5 nfdhr chw ngthxrw dh cn ghccxch í }rhldrh g`lwgfhlgh dh c‖fltæråt d‖xl Bxwflhww Znrjnkh# hl ~x`f fc }`xrrn chw nfdhr dnlw chxrw wtrntæjfhw jc`bnchw ht chw rnwwxrhr wxr cn wftxntf`l ngtxhcch dh c‖hltrh}rfwh, 7, Lfyhnx G 5 2+4 e`xrw 5 g`llnìtrh w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt jrâgh í cn Kntrfgh dh ]`rthr, 4, Lfyhnx D 5 2 i`fw 2+4 e`xrw 5 Æyncxntf`l dhw wtrntæjfhw# dæyhc`}}hr wxr }n}fhr chw }cnlw `}ærntf`llhcw nynlt dh chw hægxthr, N cn l dhw dfiiærhlthw wænlghw# rhldhu xl d`gxkhlt gcnfr ht }rægfw dh t`xthw y`w ngtf`lw ht ngthxrw /hl

xtfcfwnlt }nr hhk}ch ghrtnflhw dhw kæto`dhw }ræwhltæhw dnlw gh cfyrh bcnlg&, Ghgf y`xw }hrkhttrn d‖ny`fr xlh yfwf`l jc`bnch dh y`w ngtf`lw dnlw ch jr`x}h ht xl d`gxkhlt í nrgofyhr }`xr chw nllæhw wxfynlthw, 8, Hll# }rhldrh dhw dægfwf`lw,

Cn }nrtfh ¡ G`llnìtrh chw k`vhlw ± inft ræiærhlgh í y`trh g`lgxrrhlt, ]`xr tr`xyhr chw fli`rkntf`lw wxfynlthw# y`xw }`xyhu ~xhwtf`llhr y`trh hlyfr`llhkhlt# g‖hwt+í+dfrh y`w i`xrlfwwhxrw# y`w }nrthlnfrhw# y`w gcfhltw# y`w g`kkhrgfnx# chw wncnrfæw dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh ‗ t`xt wncnrfæ hwt xl fli`rknthxr }`thltfhc ‗ dægrv}thr chw wx}}`rtw dh g`kkxlfgntf`l ht g`kkhrgfnx dh y`w g`lgxrrhltw# chxrw ræwxctntw nllxhcw# chxrw ræwhnx w`gfnx ht ræwhnx rhcntf`llhcw# ht chw fli`rkntf`lw dfiixwæhw wxr Flthrlht, Ntthltf`l# y`trh ghccxch dhyrn n}}cf~xhr dhw wtrntæjfhw ~xf tfhldr`lt g`k}th dhw gcfhltw# dhw g`lgxrrhltw knfw nxwwf dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh, :7



 Cn

Kntrfgh WZ@T#> }hrkht dh wh }`whr chw b`llhw ~xhwtf`lw ht d‖fknjflhr chw rfw~xhw }`thltfhcw,  Cn Kntrfgh BGJ2 }hrkht dh kfhx g`llnìtrh l`trh wtrntæjfh }r`dxft ht ghcch dh l`w ndyhrwnfrhw 5 Xl }r`dxft `x whryfgh wtnr 5 knrgoæ hl i`rth gr`fwwnlgh ht }nrt dh knrgoæ æchyæh, Xl }r`dxft `x whryfgh dfchkkh 5 í gr`fwwnlgh æchyæh 1 }hx rhltnbch 1 flyhwtfwwhkhltw fk}`r+ tnltw, Xl }r`dxft `x whryfgh }`fdw k`rt 5 infbch }`thltfhc dh dæyhc`}}hkhlt 1 }hx g`lw`kknthxr dh gn}ftnx# infbch rhltnbfcftæ y`frh lxcch `x læjntfyh, •

•

•

•

Xl }r`dxft `x whryfgh yngoh í cnft 5 infbch gr`fwwnlgh 1 hl }onwh dh kntxrftæ `x dh dægcfl 1 hfjh }hx d‖fl+ yhwtfwwhkhltw l`xyhnx# dæjnjh dhw x lnlgfhrw fk}`rtnltw ~xf }`xrr`lt åtrh ræflyhwtfw dnlw

chw wtnrw ht dfchkkhw,  Cn Kntrfgh dh Kfgonhc ]`rthr }hrkht

dh kfhx }rhldrh hl g`k}th w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt 5

Ghtth kntrfgh }hrkhttrn d‖nttrfbxhr dhw rôchw í gon~xh ngthxr dh y`trh ghccxch 5 ~xf e`xhrn ch rôch dx gcfhlt# dx i`xrlfwwhxr…  Wgælnrfwntf`l7

5

Wgæl Wg ælnr nrf` f` dx dx g`lg g`lgxr xrrh rhlt lt N

Wgæl Wg ælnr nrf` f` dx dx g`l g`lgx gxrr rrhl hltt B

Wtrntæjfh l½>

Ræwx Ræ wxctctnt ntww ht ht g`l g`lwæ wæ~x ~xhl hlgh ghww


Wtrntæjfh l½2


Ræwxc Ræ wxctn tntw tw ht g` g`lw lwæ~ æ~xh xhlgh lghww >

Ghtth ætn}h d`ft }hrkhttrh d‖ægrfrh dhw wgælnrf`w }`wwfbchw dnlw ch bxt dh }r`}`whr dhw wtrntæjfhw, C‖`behgtfi lnc hwt d‖nlncvwhr chw ræwxctntw ht chw g`lwæ~xhlghw 5 Chw wtrntæjfhw go`fwfhw `lt+hcchw ætæ ndn}tæhw nx g`lgxrrhltw N ht B 0 Dhy`lw+l`xw l`xw rhkhttrh hl ~xhwtf`l 0

Chw i`rghw  ]hrkht dh tr`xyhr dhw knrjhw dh knlŗxyrh dnlw ch go`f dhw ngtf`lw í khlhr,  Fk}cfgntf`l

dh }cxw dh knlnjhrw dnlw cn wtrntæjfh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh,  Nltfgf}hr cn wtrntæjfh dhw g`lgxrrhltw 5 wh }rèhthr dnlw ch ixtxr,

Chw infbchwwhw  Hcnb`rhr dhw wgælnrf`w dhknldh dh dfw}`whr dh l`kbrhxwhw fli`rkntf`lw ~xf }hxyhlt åtrh c`ljxhw

í g`cchgthr, Fc lh w‖njft }nw d‖xlh wgfhlgh hngth 5 `l }hxt `xbcfhr dhw d`llæhw# lh }nw åtrh fli`rkæw dh c‖hfwthlgh dh l`xyhnx ngthxrw…,  Dh l`kbrhx ¡ `xtfcw ± dh knlnjhkhlt w`lt læghwwnfrhw í cn kfwh hl `hxyrh d‖xl bxwflhww znrjnkh,, znrjnkh :4


Chw ¡Bxwflhww Znrjnkhw± G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht 5 Ngndhkv ì g`k}htftfyh flthccfjhlgh# flthccfjhlgh# ott}5jfcndznrjnkhw,g`k An}}nzhwt# Knlnjhkhlt G`lwxctnltw# ott}5zzz,an}}nzhwt,g`k Ofw}nlfg Knrahtflj nld ]xbcfg Rhcntf`lw zhbwfth nld }`dgnwt#ott}5zzz,ofw}nlfgk}r,g`k }`dgnwt# ott}5zzz,ofw}nlfgk}r,g`k Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwt# ott}5zzz,flthccfjhlgh+nlncvwt,g`k Flthccfjhlgh grhntfyh# ott}5zzz,flthccfjhlgh+grhntfyh,g`k Chw ¡Bxwflhww Znrjnkhw±# ott}5zzz,bxwflhww+znrjnkflj,g`k

:8


Ch Bhlgoknraflj ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh ^x‖hwt+gh ~xh ch bhlgoknraflj0 Ch bhlgoknraflj hwt xlh kæto`dh }rntf~xæh dh}xfw chw nllæhw 8= }nr chw hltrh}rfwhw nkærfgnflhw, Fc hwt dægrft }nr Dnyfd T,AHNRLW> g`kkh ¡ xl }r`ghwwxw g`ltflx ht wvwtækntf~xh d‖æyncxntf`l dhw }r`dxftw# dhw whryfghw ht dhw kæto`dhw }nr rn}}`rt í ghx dhw g`lgxrrhltw `x dhw }nrthlnfrhw chw }cxw wærfhx ht dhw `rjnlfwntf`lw rhg`llxhw g`kkh chndhrw `x gohiw dh ch, ±,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ch bxt dx bhlgoknraflj hwt dh d`llhr xlh l`xyhcch yfwf`l wtrntæjf~xh í c‖hltrh}rfwh `x í xl dæ}nrthkhlt dh c‖hltrh}rfwh&, Nynlt kåkh d‖n}}cf~xhr xlh kæto`d`c`jfh# y`xw dhyhu tr`xyhr ~xhcw bhlgoknraflj g`rrhw}`ldhlt í y`trh `behgtfi, Fc hl hfwth 8 tv}hw,

Tv}hw

Dhwgrf}tf`lw

Flthrlh

G`k}nrnfw`lw }nr rn}}`rt í }cxwfhxrw whryfghw flthrlhw í c‖hltrh}rfwh,

G`k}ætftfi `x g`lgxrrhltfhc

G`k}nrnfw`lw }nr rn}}`rt í dhw g`lgxrrhltw dfrhgtw, /}r`dxgthxrw dh }r`dxftw wfkfcnfrhw&,

I`lgtf`llhc

G`k}nrnfw`lw }nr rn}}`rt í dhw whryfghw `x dæ}nrthkhltw htærfhxrw,

Jælærf~xh

G`k}nrnfw`l dhw }r`ghwwxw dh trnynfc nyhg d‖nxtrhw hltrh}rfwhw }cxw fll`ynlthw `x nvnlt dhw }r`ghwwxw hhk}cnfrhw,

Wtrntæjf~xh

Ndn}tntf`l dhw wtrntæjfhw jnjlnlthw dhw }nrthlnfrhw nyhg ~xf c‖hltrh}rfwh n xlh g`ccnb`rntf`l ætnbcfh,

:9 > Hx+}ræwfdhlt ht hx+gohi dh cn dfrhgtf`l dh _hr`x G`r}`rntf`l


Ch Bhlgoknraflj Chw `behgtfiw dhw dfiiærhltw tv}hw dh bhlgoknraflj 5

@behgtfiw

h l r h t l F

c h f t l h r r x g l ` G c h l l ` f t g l ` I

h x ~ f r æ l æ J

h x ~ f j æ t n r t W

G`lthth d‖xtfcfwntf`l

C‖fltæråt

G`k}nrnfw`l dh }r`ghwwxw# ]rhkfïrh h}ærfhlgh dnlw ch }r`dxftw ht whryfghw í c‖fltærfhxr bhlgoknraflj, dh c‖`rjnlfwntf`l, Nynlt d‖hiihgtxhr xl bhlgoknraflj hthrlh,

Fli`rkntf`lw í }nrtnjhr ngghwwfbchw, W`cxtf`l nfwækhlt ndn}tnbch }xfw~xh }nrtnjhnlt cn kåkh gxctxrh d‖hltrh}rfwh, Jnflw fkkædfntw,

G`k}nrnfw`l dh }r`ghwwxw# }r`dxftw ht whryfghw nyhg ghx dhw g`lgxrrhltw,

Fdhltfgntf`l ingfch dhw

T`xt ch thk}w nyhg `x wnlw cn g``}ærntf`l dhw g`lgxrrhltw,

}nrthlnfrhw, I`rth g`lyfgtf`l dx knlnjhkhlt, Nfdh í cn dælftf`l dh }rf`rftæw

G`k}nrnfw`l d‖xlh ngtfyftæ nyhg dhw hltrh}rfwhw dh kåkh brnlgoh fldxwtrfhcch l`l læghwwnfrhkhlt g`lgxrrhlthw, N}}rhltfwwnjh dhw khfcchxrhw }rntf~xhw dhw hltrh}rfwhw l`l g`lgxrrhlthw nvnlt dhw }r`ghwwxw wfkfcnfrhw,

Hl yxh d‖xlh g`k}nrnfw`l d‖fldfgnthxrw /jælærnchkhlt dhw g`ñtw& nyhg dhw `rjnlfwntf`lw wfkfcnfrhw, ]`xr ng~xærfr dhw fdæhw l`xyhcchw, N}rïw ny`fr æ}xfwæ t`xthw chw y`fhw d‖nkæcf`rntf`l dæeí ngghwwfbchw,

Ndn}tntf`l dhw wtrntæjfhw jnjlnlthw dhw }nrthlnfrhw nyhg ~xf c‖hltrh}rfwh n xlh g`ccnb`rntf`l ætnbcfh,

]`xr dælfr dh l`xyhcchw

`rfhltntf`lw d‖nkæcf`rntf`l ht }nw whxchkhlt xtfcfwhr dh l`xyhcchw }rntf~xhw,

d‖nkæcf`rntf`l }hrtflhlthw, Fli`rkntf`lw# kåkh g`ldhltfhcchw# ngghwwfbchw,

Fll`yntrfgh, Yxh æthldxh dhw }`wwfbfcftæw d‖nkæcf`rntf`l, Fli`rkntf`lw trïw ngghwwfbchw, ]rntf~xhw g`k}nrnbchw, Fli`rkntf`lw trïw ngghwwfbchw }xfw~xh }nrtnjæhw í c`lj thrkh, Hgonljhw d‖fli`rkntf`lw trïw fk}`rtnltw,

D‖n}rïw N, Hynlw# ¡Zov v`x wo`xcd Bhlgoknra + V`xr Znv t` Bxwflhww Bhwt ]rngtfgh±# Bhlgoknraflj Cfla+X} Nxwtrncfn# ott}5zzz,ùhknfc,g`k,nx >66?

::


Ch Bhlgoknraflj

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh G`kkhlt n}}cf~xhr xlh kæto`d`c`jfh dx Bhlgoknraflj> dnlw xlh hltrh}rfwh 0 >, ]cnlfhr  Fdhltfhr chw wxehtw dx bhlgoknraflj  Wæchgtf`llhr chw }nrthlnfrhw dx bhlgoknraflj /í c‖flthrlh `x í c‖hthrlh dh c‖hltrh}rfwh 0&  Dæthrkflhr chw k`vhlw dh g`cchgth d‖fli`rkntf`l /~xhcw `xtfcw xtfcfwæw 0& 2, Nlncvwhr chw fli`rkntf`lw  Dæthrkflhr chw ægnrtw  ]rèhthr chw lfyhnx dh }hri`rknlghw ixtxrhw 7, Fltæjrhr  G`kkxlf~xhr chw ræwxctntw dh c‖nlncvwh nx }hrw`llhw g`lghrlæhw dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh bhlgoknraflj&&  Ætnbcfr chw `behgtfiw i`lgtf`llhcw /whc`l c‖`behgtfi dx bhlgoknraflj 4, Chw ngtf`lw  Æcnb`rhr dhw }cnlw d‖ngtf`l /n}rïw c‖nlncvwh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l# ~xhcchw ngtf`lw eh }hx khlhr }`xr k`l hltrh}rfwh 0&  Dæknrrhr

dhw ngtf`lw w}ægf~xhw ht nwwxrhr ch wxfyf dh cn }r`jrhwwf`l  Rhdælfr chw bhlgoknraw }`xr chw ixtxrhw rhgohrgohw hl fli`rkntf`l

8, Cn kntxrftæ  ]`wftf`l dh chndhrwof} /~xh y`xw n n}}`rtæ ch bhlgoknraflj 0&  Kæto`dhw t`tnchkhlt fltæjræhw dnlw c‖hltrh}rfwh jrâgh nx ætn}hw FY,

Chw i`rghw • • • • •

Nlncvwh d‖n}rïw dhw gofiirhw 5 yærfgntf`l dh cn w`xrgh,

Ch bhlgoknraflj }hrkht chw gonljhkhltw d‖`rjnlfwntf`l# chw kæto`dhw dh trnynfc dnlw c‖hltrh}rfwh, Rhkfwh hl gnxwh dh cn }hrtflhlgh dh whw }r`dxftw ht whryfghw, Nltfgf}hr chw bhw`flw dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh, Dæthrkflhr chw nhw dh }r`jrïw dh y`trh hltrh}rfwh,

Chw infbchwwhw • • • •

C`lj ht g`ñthx }`xr chw ]KH /wf y`xw ch infthw ræncfwhr }nr xl }rhwtntnfrh&, Bhnxg`x} d‖hljnjhkhlt }`xr ræxwwfr xl bhlgoknraflj bhlgoknraflj,, Kæto`dh }nw g`ltflxh }nr rn}}`rt í cn yhfcch g`lgxrrhltfhcch, Ch bhlgoknraflj hwt xlh g`k}nrnfw`l dhw }rntf~xhw d‖xlh hltrh}rfwh 5 hwt+gh ~xh chw hltrh}rfwhw w`lt g`k}nrnbchw hl thrkh dh wtrntæjfh# tnfcch# k`dïch æg`l`kf~xh ht gxctxrhc 0

G`k}cækhltw :? > W`xrgh 5 R`bhrt G, Gnk}# Ch bhlgoknraflj 5 }`xr ntthfldrh c‖hghcchlgh ht dæ}nwwhr y`w g`lgxrrhltw, Hdftf`lw d‖`rjnlfwntf`l, >662,


Ch Bhlgoknraflj

Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Lhyn` G`lwhfc Wtrnthjh d‖hltrh}rfwh# Bhlgoknraflj# g`lgh}t ht kæto`d`c`jfh# kæto`d`c`jfh# Ch}`fyrh# I, Enlyfhr 2==9 # ott}5zzz,lhyn`,ird`gw=8=>=9+BHLGOKNRAFLJ+Y2,}di Zfaf}hdfn + Bhlgoknraflj Bhlgoknraflj## ott}5ir,zfaf}hdfn,`rjzfafBhlgoknraflj Fll`yntf`l ht fli`rkntf`l wtrntæjf~xh# Bhlgoknraflj ht l`tf`l dh Bhwt }rngtfgh# }rngtfgh# ott}5hrznl,lhnx,irhh,ir fll`yntf`lPbhlgoknraflj,otk Flwtftxt d‖fll`yntf`l fli`rkntf~xh }`xr c‖hltrh}rfwh# Bhlgoknraflj Bhlgoknraflj## ? n`ñt 2==7# ott}5zzz,wgrfbd,g`k d`g484994Bhlgoknraflj Wflthi# Gxrrhlt ]`wftf`l nld Ixtxrh Dhyhc`}khlt ì Bhlgoknraflj# Bhlgoknraflj# R`bhrt G, Gnk} # Be`rl Nldhrwhl, Iæyrfhr 2==4# ott}5zzz,}rhwtnwe`lwchdhcwh,lht}xbcfanwe`lhrBK+nrtfaahc(2=khd(2=B`b(2=Gnk},}di Flthccfjhlgh Ghlthr# Bhlgoknraflj dhw }rntf~xhw d‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh# æg`l`kf~xh# Eærôkh B`ldx, @gt`brh 2==># ott}5g,nwwhcfl,irhh,irirhlgod`gwbhlgoknrafljPFH,}di > 2 Knlnjh# Bhlgoknraflj flthrlh# g`lgxrrhltfhc# i`lgtf`llhc# jælærf~xh ht dh g`ccnb`rntf`l, Dhwgrf}tf`l dx Bhlgoknraflj## ott}5zzz,>2knlnjh,g`kkhto`dwPbhlgoknrafljPir,otkc Bhlgoknraflj YWG`kkxlfgntf`l# BHLGOKNRAFLJ5 dhw g`k}nrnfw`lw flthr+hltrh}rfwhw ~xf d`llhlt dhw fdæhw# fdæhw# Yfrjflfh Wnxrhc# ott}5zzz,ywg`kkxlfgntf`l,g`kfldh,}o}0}njh;bhlgoknraflj => Lht# Ch bhlgoknraflj ingh í whw cfkfthw# cfkfthw# ], Gnfcchrhu# H, Anl, >: exfl 2==4# ott}5zzz,=>lht,g`k nrtfgch248>?6Pn,otkc FG Njhlgv# Yhfcch g`lgxrrhltfhc # ott}5zzz,fg+njhlgv,g`kgkwiryhfcch+g`lgxrrhltfhcch,otkc

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht H,B@JNL Gorfwt`}ohr# E,HLJCFWO Kfgonhc# Bhlgoknraflj i`r Bhwt ]rngtfghw# ]rngtfghw# >664, 29? }, B@CWT@RII ]hthr# R@WHLBNXK R`bhrt# Wx}}cv gonfl Hghcchlgh# Hghcchlgh# 2ïkh ædftf`l, 2==:, 29: }, UOX E`h# ^xnltftntfyh K`dhcw i`r ]hri`rknlgh Hyncxntf`l nld Bhlgoknraflj# Bhlgoknraflj# 2==7# 268 },

:6


Cn Kæto`dh Wond`z Thnk

]ræwhltntf`l dh cn kæto`dh Cn Wond`z Thnk l‖hwt }nw hngthkhlt xlh kæto`dh d‖nlncvwh knfw }cxtôt xl k`vhl w}ægf~xh d‖`rjnlfwhr cn wxryhfccnlgh dh w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt g`lgxrrhltfhc, Hcch tfrhrn }nrtf dhw dfiiærhlthw kæto`dhw }r`}`wæhw dnlw gh gon}ftrh ht }cxw cnrjhkhlt dnlw c‖hlwhkbch dh gh cfyrh bcnlg, Xlh Wond`z Thnk hwt xlh æ~xf}h nx g`k}æthlghw ht nx i`lgtf`lw dfyhrwhw i`rkæh dnlw ch bxt dh rhk`lthr dhw fli`rkntf`lw g`lghrlnlt xl `x }cxwfhxrw g`lgxrrhltw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh, Cn kfwh hl }cngh d‖xlh Wond`z Thnk ræ}`ld í xl }rèht dh yhfcch g`ccnb`rntfyh, Chw Wond`z Thnk }hrkhtthlt í c‖hltrh}rfwh d‖fltæjrhr dhw g`llnfwwnlghw rhgxhfccfhw hl flthrlh í cn yhfcch g`lgxrrhltfhcch, Chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h `lt dhw i`lgtf`lw dfiiærhlthw ht d`fyhlt åtrh go`fwfw }nrkf chw }hrw`llhw chw }cxw yfyhw nflwf ~xh }`xr chxr b`llh `rjnlfwntf`l, Cn kfwwf`l dh gon~xh æ~xf}h hwt dh wxfyrh xl g`lgxrrhlt ht dh g`cchgthr chw d`llæhw rhldxhw }xbcf~xhw# dx }hrw`llhc# dh whw g`ltngtw# htg, C`rw~xh chw fli`rkntf`lw w`lt g`cchgtæhw ht nlncvwæhw# c‖æ~xf}h g`lwtftxh xlh bnwh dh g`llnfwwnlghw ~xf }hxt i`lgtf`llhr g`kkh xl jr`x}h dh ræhf`l,>

C‖`behgtfi hwt d‖nltfgf}hr chw ngtf`lw dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh hl cn wxfynlt dh inê`l g`ltflxh,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh C‖hltrh}rfwh wh g`lwtftxh xlh bnl~xh dh d`llæhw `x xlh bnwh dh g`llnfwwnlghw wxr cn g`lgxrrhlgh ~x‖hcch hlrfgoft dh inê`l g`ltflxh, Hcch wtrxgtxrh chw g`k}æthlghw dh gongxl dh whw g`ccnb`rnthxrw, Whc`l cn tnfcch dh c‖hltrh}rfwh# xl khkbrh }hxt wxfyrh whxc xl `x }cxwfhxrw g`lgxrrhltw# `x bfhl }cxwfhxrw khkbrhw wxfyhlt xlh kåkh hltrh}rfwh, C‖nttrfbxtf`l C‖nttrfbxtf`l dhw rhww`xrghw oxknflhw hwt cfbrh, Ghtth dæknrgoh }hrkht dh g`cchgthr ræjxcfïrhkhlt chw fli`rkntf`lw g`kkhrgfnchw# ræjchkhltnfrhw# thgol`c`jf~xhw# htg, Xlh dæknrgoh dh yhfcch }hxt nflwf åtrh kfwh hl }cngh wnlw hkbnxgoh d‖xl yhfcchxr wxr xl }`wth dædfæ hgcxwfyhkhlt í ghtth tâgoh, Gh}hldnlt# w‖fc hfwth xlh ghccxch g hccxch dh yhfcch# cn Wond`z thnk d`ft rhwthr nxt`l`kh yfw+í+yfw dh ghcch+gf,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh2  Dælfr

xl }cnl dh g`lwtftxtf`l dh cn bnwh dh g`llnfwwnlghw# dhw `behgtfiw# ht dhw g`lgxrrhltw í

wxfyrh# nflwf ~xh dhw rhww`xrghw læghwwnfrhw, Go`f dhw `xtfcw g`ccnb`rntfiw kfw hl ŗxyrh /`xtfcw g`ccnb`rntfiw jrntxftw Flthrlht dh tv}h Dffj`# }cnthi`rkh g`ccnb`rntfyh flthrlh `x… d`wwfhrw Zfld`zw }nrtnjæw&,  G`lwtftxhr xlh æ~xf}h trnlwyhrwnch dh khkbrhw nx i`lgtf`lw dfiiærhlthw ht nx g`k}æthlghw læghwwnfrhw í cn g`k}ræohlwf`l dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh wxryhfccæh, Whc`l ch l`kbrh dh wncnrfæw dfw}`lfbchw }`xr }nrtfgf}hr# ch l`kbrh dh g`lgxrrhltw í wxryhfcchr ht cn ~xnltftæ d‖fli`rkntf`lw í trnfthr# ch l`kbrh dh khkbrhw d‖xlh æ~xf}h ht ch l`kbrh d‖æ~xf}hw }hxyhlt ynrfhr,& Chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h d`fyhlt ny`fr xl hw}rft grftf~xh ~xf chxr }hrkhtth dh y`fr c‖fltæråt ~x‖fc v n }`xr c‖hltrh}rfwh dh rhthlfr xlh fli`rkntf`l,  Ræ}nrtfr chw tâgohw whc`l ch l`kbrh dh khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h ht ch l`kbrh dh g`lgxrrhltw í wxryhfcchr, ?=

> Htrnft trndxft dh Knrahtflj rhwhnrgo5 nl flthrlntf`lnc n}}r`ngo# Knrgxw E, Wgokfdt#Wyhld O`cchlwhl# 2==9 2 W`xrgh 5 wfth ott}5zzz,hflik,g`k + G`k}htftfyh Flthccfjhlgh


Cn Kæto`dh Wond`z Thnk

 I`rkhr

chw }hrw`llhw }`xr ch rhgxhfc# ch trnfthkhlt# ht cn g`lwtftxtf`l dh cn bnwh dh g`llnfwwnlghw,  G`lwtftxhr xl }cnl dh rhlwhfjlhkhlt,

Knrahtflj G`kkhrgfnc I`xrlfwwhxrw Thgol`c`jf~xh

G`lgxrrhlt l½> ]fhrrh ]nxc Eng~xhw Ohlrf

G`lgxrrhlt l½2 ]fhrrh ]nxc Eng~xhw Ohlrf

Knrahtflj G`kkhrgfnc Iflnlgfhr Thgol`c`jf~xh

G`lgxrrhlt l½> ]fhrrh ]fhrrh ]fhrrh ]fhrrh

G`lgxrrhlt l½2 Lndflh Lndflh Lndflh Lndflh

Knrahtflj G`kkhrgfnc Iflnlgfhr Thgol`c`jf~xh

G`lgxrrhlt l½> ]fhrrh ]nxc Eng~xhw Ohlrf

G`lgxrrhlt l½2 Nldræ Excfh Nlt`flh Ohryæ

Ifjxrh > + Tnbchnx dhw }`wwfbfcftæw d‖`rjnlfwntf`l dhw rhww`xrghw oxknflhw Ch wvwtïkh }hxt+åtrh flwtnxræ }`xr i`lgtf`llhr hl }hrknlhlgh, Knfw fc }hxt åtrh rhyx ht k`dfæ }nr

c‖hlwhkbch dh c‖æ~xf}h whc`l c‖æy`cxtf`l dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh# dhw rhww`xrghw oxknflhw ht }`xr nkæcf`rhr chw dvwi`lgtf`llhkhltw,

Chw i`rghw  ]nw

dh g`ñtw wx}}cækhltnfrhw }`xr hkbnxgohr dhw yhfcchxrw,  Dfyhrwfgntf`l dhw }r`cw dhw khkbrhw dh cn Wond`z Thnk ht kfwh+í+}r`t dhw g`k}æthlghw dh gongxl }`xr cn g`k}ræohlwf`l dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh,  Nxjkhltntf`l dhw g`llnfwwnlghw xtfchw nx knfltfhl dh cn w`gfætæ wxr w`l whgthxr# y`frh í w`l dæyhc`}}hkhlt,

Chw infbchwwhw  I`rkntf`l

dhw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h }`xr whlwfbfcfwhr í c‖fltæråt dh yhfcchr ht dh gn}ftncfwhr chw fli`rkntf`lw,  @rjnlfwntf`l dh cn rhk`ltæh d‖fli`rkntf`l ht dh cn g`lwtftxtf`l dh cn bnwh dh g`llnfwwnlghw,

Gnw }rntf~xh ?>


Cn Kæto`dh Wond`z Thnk Gnw l½>> 5 ¡ Xlh rxkhxr whc`l cn~xhcch xl g`lgxrrhlt yn bfhltôt rhghy`fr c‖nxt`rfwntf`l dh khttrh wxr ch knrgoæ xl l`xyhnx kædfgnkhlt n ætæ rhchyæh }nr xl wncnrfæ w ncnrfæ d‖xlh hltrh}rfwh }onrknghxtf~xh, Cn kfwwf`l g`læh í cn Wond`z Thnk ætnft d‖flrkhr `x dh g`lrkhr ghtth fli`rkntf`l, Chw khkbrhw dh c‖æ~xf}h `lt }xfwæ dnlw chxr ræwhnx }hrw`llhc dhw rhlwhfjlhkhltw wgfhltf~xhw g`lghrlnlt chw hwwnfw dh gh l`xyhnx kædfgnkhlt, Fcw wh w`lt nflwf rhldx g`k}th ~xh cn g`lgxrrhlgh }nryhlnft nxtnlt ~x‖hx í rhgxhfccfr dhw fli`rkntf`lw wgfhltf~xhw

wxr chxrw }r`}rhw rhgohrgohw, Nflwf xl }r`jrnkkh dh }r`thgtf`l dhw fli`rkntf`lw whlwfbchw n ætæ kfw hl }cngh, Ch wvwtïkh Wond`z Thnk Thnk nflwf kfw hl }cngh n }hrkfw dh dæthgthr dh inê`l nltfgf}æh chw wfjlnx ~xf }hrkhtthlt dh kfhx g`k}rhldrh cn g`lgxrrhlgh, ± Gnw l½2 5 Hhk}ch d‖xlh w`gfætæ d‖fljælfhrfh jæ`thgolf~xh, Ch dfrhgthxr thgolf~xh ghltrncfwh chw fli`rkntf`lw ~xh gon~xh fljælfhxr rhcïyh g`lghrlnlt chw g`lgxrrhltw `x ¡g`lirïrhw± bfhl fdhltfæw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh# thcw ~xh chw rn}}`rtw d‖ætxdhw# chw dhyfw# chw wflfwtrhw dxw í dhw ætxdhw flwxiwnlthw# y`frh hrr`læhw, D‖nxtrhw

fli`rkntf`lw w`lt g`cchgtæhw }nr c‖hlwhkbch dhw wncnrfæw /nwwfwtnlthw hl gonrjh dh cn yhfcch dhw Knrgoæw ]xbcfgw ht fljælfhxrw gonrjæw d‖niinfrhw& nx}rïw dhw }xbcfgntf`lw ìgfhcchw /knrgoæw ]xbcfgw& `x dhw ngthxrw

}ærf}oærf~xhw dx whgthxr d‖ngtfyftæw /Bxrhnx dh g`ltrôch# Fljælfhxrw g`lwtrxgtf`l&, T`xthw ghw fli`rkntf`lw w`lt hlwxfth ghltrncfwæhw dnlw xl fltrnlht ht gcnwwæhw }nr whgthxr jæ`jrn}of~xh ht tv}h d‖ætxdhw /tnbchnx í d`xbch+hltræh&, Chw gonrjæw d‖niinfrhw g`lwxcthlt chw l`xyhcchw fli`rkntf`lw }nrnfwwnlt í khwxrh ~x‖hcchw w`lt dfw}`lfbchw, Ghcn }hrkht l`tnkkhlt d‖ncfjlhr chw }rf wxr ghx dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh# dh yhfcchr í cn thgolfgftæ# d‖nexwthr chw k`dïchw thgol`c`jf~xhw dhw whgthxrw l`l g`llxw,

G`k}cækhltw Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Kntt O, Hynlw# Hynlw# ott}5zzz ott}5zzz,hflik,g`k ,hflik,g`k

Cfyrhw ht nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht K, E, WGOKFDT WGOKFDT#W,# #W,# O@CCHLWHL# Knrahtflj rhwhnrgo5 nl flthrlntf`lnc n}}r`ngo# 2==9, 2=? }, R@TOBHRJ# O,# HRFGAW@L# W, –Ir`k lhz hg`l`kv al`zchdjh t` lht hg`l`kv flthccfjhlgh5 wxwtnflflj ndynltnjh zfto wond`z thnkw‛ 2==8, thnkw‛ 2==8, 798 }njhw Ohchl L, R`tobhrj# J, Wg`tt Hrfg# Hrfg# Ir`k al`zchdjh t` flthccfjhlgh5 grhntflj g`k}htftfyh ndynltnjh fl toh lht Hg`l`kv

C`jfgfhcw/Whryfghw hl cfjlh ]`xr ghltrncfwhr chw fli`rkntf`lw# xl Fltrnlht `rjnlfwæ }hrkht í t`xw d‖ne`xthr dfiiærhlthw tv}hw dh d`gxkhltw, Ch wfth dh trnynfc g`ccnb`rntfi jrntxft Dffj`2 }hrkht dh }nrtnjhr chw fli`rkntf`lw rhgxhfccfhw ht dh græhr dhw d`wwfhrw nl dh chw `rjnlfwhr,

?2

> Htrnft trndxft dh Knrahtflj rhwhnrgo5 nl flthrlntf`lnc n}}r`ngo# Knrgxw E, Wgokfdt#Wyhld O`cchlwhl# 2==9 2 zzz,dffj`,g`k @xtfc g`ccnb`rntfi jrntxft dh }nrtnjh d‖fli`rkntf`lw, ]rfyntfwhr w`l }r`c ht c‖nggïw í whw jr`x}hw,


C‖nlncvwh }nr chw wvwtïkhw d‖fli`rkntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh hl cfjlh

C‖nlncvwh d‖fli`rkntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh }hxt åtrh xtfch í dhx lfyhnx 5 cn yhfcch ht w`l g`k}th rhldx, N cn i`fw }`xr c‖hltrh}rfwh w`xonftnlt hiihgtxhr xlh yhfcch wxr w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt g`lgxrrhltfhc ngtxhc `x wxr chw knrgoæw ~x‖hcch w`xonfth flyhwtfr, Chw `xtfcw }ræwhltæw }hxyhlt ræ}`ldrh í dfiiærhltw `behgtfiw g`kkh 5 g`k}fchr whw d`llæhw chw rn}}`rthr í xlh u`lh jæ`jrn}of~xh hl }nrtfgxcfhr ht }nr cn kåkh `ggnwf`l hl ingfcfthr cn chgtxrh ht cn g`k}ræohlwf`l 1 g`llnìtrh dhw thldnlghw dh rh~xåthw wxr xl k`t gcæ hl }nrtfgxcfhr 1 `bthlfr dhw fli`rkntf`lw }`xr fk}cnlthr w`l ngtfyftæ,,,


Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Infrh }nrchr chw d`llæhw g‖hwt bfhl c‖hw}rft dh dhx wvwtïkhw d‖fli`rkntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh 5 Jæ`gcf} /zzz, jh`gcf},ir& ht XX`rcd /zzz,xx`rcd,g`k&, Ch }rhkfhr hwt xlh flthringh hl cfjlh ~xf y`xw }hrkht dh yfwxncfwhr cn gnrth dh Irnlgh /Htntw+Xlfw ht R`vnxkh+Xlf hl dæyhc`}}hkhlt&# í dfiiærhlthw ægohcchw ndkflfwtrntfyhw nccnlt dh cn g`kkxlh í cn ræjf`l# hl v wx}hr}`wnlt æyhltxhcchkhlt d‖nxtrhw }ærfkïtrhw thcw ~xh chw bnwwflw dh yfh# dhw d`llæhw dh lntxrh kxctf}chw# }`xr dhw lncftæw hcchw nxwwf kxctf}chw, Ghtth flthringh }hrkht cn

rh}ræwhltntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw lxkærf~xhw dnlw xlh `}tf~xh d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l# }nr hhk}ch hl kntfïrh d‖nkælnjhkhlt ht dh }`wftf`llhkhlt dh whryfghw `x dh dælftf`l dh i`vhrw dh }hx}chkhlt hl i`lgtf`l dh dfiiærhltw grftïrhw, Chw lncftæw dh c‖`xtfc w`lt d`lg trïw `xyhrthw, Ch whg`ld `xtfc# ch c`jfgfhc XX`rcd# hwt xl }hx dfiiærhlt# í trnyhrw l`tnkkhlt wn lncftæ# ht wn g`xyhrtxrh

k`ldfnch# knfw nxwwf í trnyhrw whw i`lgtf`llncftæw, Hl hiiht# cn }ræwhltntf`l dhw d`llæhw hlrhjfwtræhw dnlw XX`rcd hwt }ræwhltæh dh knlfïrh dvlnkf~xh ht hl rhcfhi wxr xl wx}}`rt gnrt`jrn}of~xh, Chw d`llæhw gofiiræhw wh trndxfwhlt }nr c‖n}}nrftf`l d‖ofwt`jrnkkhw gnc~xæw wxr ch }ærfkïtrh dhw ir`ltfïrhw dhw }nvw ht ghw ofwt`jrnkkhw nflwf i`rkæw xgtxhlt hl i`lgtf`l dhw ynrfntf`lw dhw ynchxrw lxkærf~xhw wxr cn }ærf`dh,

Xlh hltrh}rfwh nx knrgoæw k`ldfnx }hxt nflwf nfwækhlt ht dh knlfïrh jc`bnch yfwxncfwhr chw u`lhw jæ`jrn}of~xhw dh whw yhlthw dvlnkf~xhw# flwtnbchw `x g`lynchwghlthw,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Chw dhx `xtfcw `lt xl cnrjh gonk} d‖h}c`ftntf`l í dhwtflntf`l dhw hltrh}rfwhw, Ch }rhkfhr `xtfc }hrkht }nr hhk}ch dh khttrh xl thrrft`frh hl }hrw}hgtfyh g`k}nrntfyh }nr rn}}`rt í d‖nxtrhw whc`l dfiiærhltw }nrnkïtrhw /wgncftæ# wtrxgtxrh dh cn }`}xcntf`l,,,& }`xr c‖nfdh í c‖fk}cnltntf`l }nr hhk}ch, Fc l‖hwt }nw bhw`fl dh }rægfwhr

~xh g‖hwt xl `xtfc dh onxth fk}`rtnlgh }`xr chw ngthxrw }xbcfgw ht }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt chw g`cchgtfyftæw c`gnchw# dnlw cn }onwh }ræ}nrnt`frh dh dfiiærhltw }rèhtw# }nr cn g`lwtntntf`l dhw hiihtw dhw }`cftf~xhw }xbcf~xhw wxr c‖æg`l`kfh# wxr chw ]FB c`gnx# `x hlg`rh dnlw xlh dæknrgoh }r`w}hgtfyh }`xr `rfhlthr xlh }`cftf~xh }xbcf~xh hl }ræ}nrntf`l,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh >, Rh}ærnjh dhw g`lyhltf`lw dh c‖`rjnlfwntf`l dhw d`llæhw }`xr c‖fk}`rtntf`l dh d`llæhw hthrlhw, ]nr hhk}ch# c‖`rto`jrn}oh g`kkh cn cnljxh xtfcfwæh }`xr dæwfjlhr xl }nvw dnlw ch gndrh dh XX`rcd hwt trïw fk}`rtnlt, Chw d`llæhw fk}`rtæhw dhyr`lt rhw}hgthr chw wtnldnrdw dx c`jfgfhc, 2, Fk}`rtntf`l dhw d`llæhw hthrlhw, 7, Kfwh hl ynchxr dhw d`llæhw }ræwhltæhw }nr cn k`dfgntf`l dhw gnrngtærfwtf~xhw dh }nw# `x d‖flthryncchw

d‖nlncvwh%

Chw i`rghw Ingfcftæ dh }rfwh hl knfl ]hrkht xl wxfyf dh knlfïrh h}cfgfth ; nfdh í cn dægfwf`l }hri`rknlth Yfwxncfwntf`l dvlnkf~xh dhw d`llæhw jæ`+lxkærf~xhw# }hrkht dh khttrh hl ynchxr dhw æy`cxtf`lw }ærf`df~xhw, Cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh k`dfhr xl ghrtnfl l`kbrh d‖æcækhltw jrn}of~xhw dnlw cn }ræwhltntf`l dhw d`llæhw ?4


Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw

Chw infbchwwhw ]ræ}nrntf`l dhw d`llæhw í gcnwwhr fk}ærntfyhkhlt dnlw c‖`rdrh }ræætnbcf }nr chw `xtfcw Jæ`gcf} ht XX`rcd, Cn }ræwhltntf`l dvlnkf~xh thcch ~xh ghcch }hrkfwh }nr XX`rcd l‖n d‖fltæråt ~xh dnlw ch gndrh d‖xl }fc`tnjh wtrntæjf~xh# knfw }hxt dfigfchkhlt åtrh trnlwkfwh í xl g`ccnb`rnthxr ~xf hl ihrnft cn dhknldh# gnr ghcn

wx}}`whrnft ~x‖fc dfw}`wh dx c`jfgfhc, Xlh i`lgtf`llncftæ }hrkhttnlt dh græhr dhw }ræwhltntf`lw dvlnkf~xhw í }nrtfr d‖XX`rcd hfwth bfhl knfw lh whkbch }nw i`lgtf`llhr g`rrhgthkhlt,

Gnw }rntf~xhw 5 Gnw > 5 Yfwxncfwntf`l dvlnkf~xh dh y`cxkhw h}`rt wxr xlh }ærf`dh dh >4 nlw nx lfyhnx dh c‖NCHLN dnlw ch gndrh d‖xlh nlncvwh wtrntæjf~xh dhw ynrfntf`lw dh w`rtfhw }ovwf~xhw d‖xl }r`dxft irnlênfw í dhwtflntf`l dh whw knrgoæw í c‖h}`rtntf`l, Ch gnw dh c‖NCHLN,

Ifjxrh >+ Ch gnw dh c‖NCHLN L`xw dfw}`w`lw dhw d`llæhw rhcntfyhw nx yhlthw }nr xlftæw d‖xl }r`dxft irnlênfw wxr ch thrrft`frh dh c‖NCHLN dh cn }ærf`dh nccnlt dh >669 í 2=>=, Chw d`llæhw gofiiræhw g`lghrlnlt ch Gnlndn# chw Htntw+Xlfw ht ch Khf~xh w`lt }ræncnbchkhlt rhltræhw dnlw ch c`jfgfhc g`li`rkækhlt í cn }r`gædxrh dætnfccæh gf+dhwwxw, XX`rcd }hrkht dh græhr xl bc`j jæ`jrn}of~xh }hrw`llncfwæ ht flhfwtnlt exw~x‖nc`rw /dnlw ch gnw }ræwhlt c‖NCHLN& hl v njræjhnlt chw }nvw ~xf g`k}`whlt ghtth ræjf`l /w`ft chw tr`fw }nvw l`rd+nkærfgnflw&, @l }hxt trïw lhtthkhlt y`fr ~xh ghrtnflw æcækhltw jrn}of~xhw `lt ætæ ndn}tæw `x ngghltxæw dh knlfïrh í `}tfkfwhr cn }ræwhltntf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l, Nxtrh }`flt l`l læjcfjhnbch# ch ræjcnjh dh c‖ægohcch# ~xf# c`rw d‖ægnrtw infbchw wxr dhw d`llæhw htråkhkhlt fk}`rtnlthw# }hrkht dh khttrh hl æyfdhlgh chw g`ltrnwthw, Xlh dhw nxtrhw }`wwfbfcftæw ìihrthw }nr gh c`jfgfhc# g`kkh ch k`ltrh cn gn}txrh d‖ægrnl l½2# hwt dh }`xy`fr w‖niirnlgofr dx i`ld d‖ægrnl J``jch Hnrto ~xf }hxt dnlw ghrtnflw gnw whryfr dh rh}ïrh# knfw dnlw d‖nxtrhw g`k}cf~xhr cn chgtxrh dh cn rh}ræwhltntf`l, Ghtth gn}txrh k`ltrh nxwwf ~x‖fc hwt t`xt n inft }`wwfbch dh l‖ætxdfhr ~x‖xl }nvw wnlw i`rgækhlt yfwf`llhr dh jrnldhw u`lhw kxctf+}nvw# kåkh w‖fc hwt }`wwfbch dh græhr dhw hlwhkbchw jæ`jrn}of~xhw }hrw`llncfwæw ~xf }hxyhlt thlfr cfhx dh g`k}nrnfw`l hltrh }nvw, Gnw 2 5 Yfwxncfwntf`l wtntf~xh /ht`x dvlnkf~xh jrâgh í cn i`lgtf`l dæchkhlt& dx lfyhnx dh tnx dh tnh

d‖onbftntf`l }nr g`kkxlh nx lfyhnx dh cn ræjf`l ]`ft`x+Gonrhlthw& nyhg Jæ`gcf} /zzz,jh`gcf},ir&

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Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw

Ifjxrh 2+ Ch gnw dh cn tnh d‖n}}rhltfwwnjh Xlh nww`gfntf`l d‖fli`rkntf`l ht dh dæihlwh dhw g`ltrfbxnbchw w`xonfth# dnlw ch gndrh d‖xl }r`gonfl lxkær` dh wn }xbcfgntf`l# fccxwtrhr w`l d`wwfhr g`lwngræ í cn wgncftæ c`gnch dhw }nrtfgxcfhr# }ræwhlthr xlh gnrth dhw tnx g`kkxlnx dh tnh d‖onbftntf`l nl dh infrh n}}nrnìtrh dhw u`lhw grftf~xhw# w`xw+hlthldx chw u`lhw

`x c‖fk}ôt hwt }cxw i`rt rhcntfyhkhlt nx nxtrhw g`kkxlhw ht flyhrwhkhlt dhw u`lhw gcækhlthw# thrrft`frhw `x c‖fk}ôt hwt k`dæræ, Cn gnrth Jæ`gcf} gf+dhwwxw# `bthlxh jrâgh í c‖flg`r}`rntf`l dhw d`llæhw lxkærf~xhw i`xrlfhw }nr c‖hw}ngh dh wtntfwtf~xhw dx wfth }xbcfg zzz,fk}`tw,j`xy,ir# }hrkht dh k`ltrhr gcnfrhkhlt ~xh cn u`lh jæ`jrn}of~xh }rædælfh# ch thrrft`frh dhw dhx dæ}nrthkhltw gonrhltnfw /o`rkfw chw njjc`kærntf`lw& bælægfh d‖xlh wgncftæ rhcntfyhkhlt gcækhlth g`k}nræh nx dæ}nrthkhltw cfkftr`}ohw# `ö chw tnx whkbchlt

knwwfyhkhlt æchyæw# l`tnkkhlt cn Yhldæh,

G`k}cækhltw Nxtrhw tv}hw dh }r`bcækntf~xhw wxwgh}tfbchw d‖åtrh h}cfgftæhw }nr ghtth kæto`dh 5 ]`wftf`llhkhlt dhw fk}cnltntf`lw dh whw g`lgxrrhltw# nlncvwh }`wt+wgrxtfl }`cftf~xh# nlncvwh dæk`jrn}of~xh# nlncvwh }nr ngtfyftæ æg`l`kf~xh,

Nxtrhw n}}cfgntf`lw Gcfga2Kn}# zzz,gcfga2kn},g`k Gcfga2Kn}# Kn}tfkfuh## zzz,kn}tfkfuh,g`k Kn}tfkfuh ^xfga Kn}w# Kn}w# zzz,~xfgakn}w,g`k Xkn}}hr # zzz,xkn}}hr,g`k

?9


J``jch Kn}w 5}cxjflw ht knwox}w ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc J``jch Kn}w lnìt hl 2==4 nx Htntw Xlfw, ]nr rngontw wxgghwwfiw# c‖`xtfc }r`}`wæ }nr J``jch dhyfhlt dh }cxw hl }cxw }xfwwnlt ht ch }cxw w`xyhlt xtfcfwæ í dhw lw }rìhwwf`llhcchw,

Ch g`lgh}t dh bnwh dh J``jch Kn}w hwt# }`xr c‖xtfcfwnthxr# dh tr`xyhr dfiiærhltw }`fltw d‖fltæråtw# dhw ndrhwwhw# dhw g`kkhrghw# nyhg cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh chw knr~xhr# dh græhr dhw ftflærnfrhw, Ch gŗxr dh gh whryfgh wh wftxh dnlw chw gnrthw jæ`jrn}of~xhw ht chw }cnlw

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ch }rhkfhr fltæråt }`xr xlh hltrh}rfwh hwt wfk}ch g‖hwt dh ræiærhlghr w`l hltrh}rfwh wxr J``jch Kn}w# g‖hwt d‖nfcchxrw ch }rhkfhr æcækhlt kfw hl nynlt wxr ch wfth,

Nww`gfæ í J``jch Wtrhht Yfhz# J``jch Kn}w dhyfhlt xl }hx }cxw }xfwwnlt }`xr chw xtfcfwnthxrw nyhg l`tnkkhlt cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh y`fr yrnfkhlt chw rxhw# ch g`kkhrgh# c‖njhlgh `x ch gnbflht, C‖xtfcfwntf`l dh J``jch Kn}w ht dh whw whryfghw dærfyæw ht }cxjflw# }hrkht dh d`llhr xlh nxtrh dfkhlwf`l 5  í

c‖flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh /gnrt`jrn}ofh dhw fk}cnltntf`lw dhw g`lgxrrhltw& c‖Flthccfjhlg h Thrrft`rfnch  í c‖Flthccfjhlgh  í cn dfiixwf`l dhw d`llæhw æg`l`kf~xhw ht jæ`jrn}of~xhw /J``jch Ixwf`l Tnbchw& G`x}cæ í Ndz`rdw# Ndz`rdw# ch whryfgh dh ræiærhlghkhlt }nvnlt dh J``jch g`k}rhlnlt chw cfhlw w}`lw`rfwæw ht chw nll`lghw c`gncfwæhw# J``jch Kn}w }hrkht í c‖hltrh}rfwh 5  d‖nkæcf`rhr w`l ræiærhlghkhlt  d‖åtrh }ræwhlth wxr dhw rh~xåthw }hrtflhlthw dhw flthrlnxthw

Whryfghw nllhhw J``jch Kn} Knahr /zzz,j``jch,g`kkn}knahr&# }hrkht dh knr~xhr w`l y`fwflnjh `x l‖fk}`rth ~xhc hldr`ft dnlw ch k`ldh nyhg dhw }`fltw d‖fltæråtw# dhw r`xthw# dhw g`kkhrghw htg,,, Cn gnrth nflwf grææh }hxt åtrh }nrtnjæh }nr c‖flthrlnxth, Fc v n nxwwf cn }`wwfbfcftæ d‖fltæjrhr dx g`dh otkc# d`lg t`xw chw zfdjhtw `x yfdæ`w }hxyhlt v åtrh fltæjræw, ?:

J``jch Ixwf`l Tnbchw /tnbchw,j``jchcnbw,g`k&# }hrkht dh }ræwhlthr dhw d`llæhw jæ`jrn}of~xhw ht


J``jch Kn}w 5}cxjflw ht knwox}w æg`l`kf~xhw w`xw i`rkh dh gnrthw í }nrtfr dh tnbchnxz, Hl gh ~xf g`lghrlh chw g`k}thw rhldxw dh yhfcch ghx+gf }hxyhlt d`lg fltæjrhr xlh dfkhlwf`l yfwxhcch jrâgh í gh tv}h d‖`xtfc, zzz,j``jch,irtrhldw&& }hrkht dh dæthrkflhr ch l`kbrh dh rh~xåthw }`xr xl k`t gcæ d`llæ J``jch Trhldw /zzz,j``jch,irtrhldw nflwf ~xh wn iræ~xhlgh# hl i`lgtf`l dh ghw ræwxctntw# ch }r`jrnkkh chw nigoh w`xw i`rkh dh jrn}of~xh `x

}nr ræjf`l, Y`xw }`xyhu ræncfwhr ghcn hl h}`rtnlt chw ræwxctntw dh y`w rh~xåthw hl ,gwy ht }nwwhr }nr c‖`xtfc Kn}tfkfuh dæyhc`}}æ gf+dhww`xw,

J``jch ]xbcfg Dntn /zzz,j``jch,g`k}xbcfgdntno`kh&# hwt xl whryfgh trïw ræghlt# fc }hrkht dh yfwxncfwhr dhw d`llæhw }xbcf~xhw# }nr hhk}ch ch goôknjh nx Ætntw Xlfw ht dh g`k}nrhr ch tnx hltrh chw dfiiærhltw ætntw, Gcfga2kn} /zzz,gcfga2kn},g`k&# hwt xl `xtfc jrntxft ~xf }hrkht dh græhr dhw J``jch Kn}w, Cn w`gfætæ }r`}`wh dfiiærhlthw inê`lw d‖xtfcfwhr J``jch Kn}w# }nr hhk}ch ¡Fdhltfhr dhw }nrthlnfrhw g`kkhrgfnx± `x ¡Wftxhr

chw khkbrhw d‖xl ræwhnx± ghcn }hxt }hrkhttrh d‖ætxdfhr whw g`lgxrrhltw# chxr fk}cnltntf`l jæ`jrn}of~xh# hl fk}`rtnlt whw }r`}rhw d`llæhw /nyhg chw rh}ïrhw jæ`jrn}of~xhw cntftxdh ) c`ljftxdh&, Ch wfth Flthrlht hwt trïw bfhl inft ht g`k}`rth dhw txt`rfnx }`xr dhw xtfcfwntf`lw dfiiærhlthw,

Kn}tfkfuh /zzz,kn}tfkfuh,g`k&# }hrkht d‖`}tfkfwhr chw gnrthw J``jch Kn}w# wxr ch kåkh k`dïch ~xh Gcfga2Kn}# fc inxt fk}`rthr xl gofhr GWY# nyhg cn cntftxdh ht cn c`ljftxdh# fc hwt }`wwfbch d‖xtfcfwhr whw d`llæhw

}`xr græhr dhw gnrthw,

Wgrfbbch Kn}w /zzz,wgrfbbchkn}w,g`k&# hwt `xtfc trïw cxdf~xh }`xr græhr dhw gnrthw wxr J``jch Kn}w# dfiiærhltw `xtfcw w`lt í l`trh dfw}`wftf`l grnv`l# cfjlh# }`flt d‖fltæråt htg,,, Cn }`wwfbfcftæ wx}}cækhltnfrh hwt dh græhr xl zfdjht nyhg cn gnrth }rægædhkkhlt ræncfwæh,

Kfwh hl `hxyrh Fll`yntf`l J``jch yfhlt dh dæ}`whr xl brhyht }`xr flwærhr dh cn }xbcfgftæ dnlw J``jch Kn}w# yfn J``jch Wtrhht Yfhz,

??


J``jch Kn}w 5}cxjflw ht knwox}w

Chw i`rghw Cn dfyhrwftæ dhw dægcflnfw`lw dx whryfgh J``jch Kn}w# í cn i`fw nyhg chw nxtrhw }r`dxftw J``jch knfw nxwwf nyhg chw }cxjflw ht knwo x}# wfth g`lthlnlt }cxwfhxrw w`xrghw d‖fli`rkntf`lw# d‖fli`rkntf`lw# ræncfwæw }nr dhw dæyhc`}}hxrw ~xf lh w`lt }nw dhw hk}c`væw J``jch,

Chw infbchwwhw C‖`klf+xtfcfwntf`l dh J``jch }hxt åtrh g`lwfdæræh g`kkh xlh infbchwwh }nr chw xtfcfwnthxrw, Gh}hldnlt cn ræhcch infbchwwh dh c‖`xtfc ræwfdh dnlw ch inft ~xh chw d`llæhw w`lt g`lwhryæhw }nr J``jch, Hcchw }hxyhlt nxwwf wh rhtr`xyhr }nrtnjæhw wf c‖xtfcfwnthxr lh wæchgtf`llh }nw chw b`llhw `}tf`lw, Cn }r`thgtf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l ht dhw d`llæhw hwt xl flg`lt`xrlnbch dnlw c‖Flthccfjhlgh Æg`l`kf~xh g‖hwt }`xr~x`f c‖xtfcfwntf`l dh ghw `xtfcw d`ft åtrh }rxdhlth, ]nr hhk}ch ghcn }hxt }nwwhr }nr c‖xtfcfwntf`l d‖fdhltfnltw l‖nvnlt }nw dh rn}}`rt dfrhgt nyhg

c‖hltrh}rfwh,

Gnw }rntf~xh Ghrtnflw `xtfcw }hxyhlt gonljhr l`trh inê`l dh trnynfcchr# l`tnkkhlt hl gh ~xf g`lghrlh chw `xtfcw }hrkhttnlt dh rhldrh cfwfbch dhw d`llæhw nxwwf }`fltxhw ~xh dhlwhw,

Nyhg J``jch Ixwf`l Tnbchw# hl }nrtnlt dh d`llæhw brxthw g`kkh ghcchw+gf w`xw i`rkh dh tnbchnx# d`llæhw jæ`jrn}of~xhw }nrtnjæhw }nr dhw xtfcfwnthxrw wxr chw gonljhkhltw gcfkntf~xhw5 gcfkntf~xhw 5 Y`xw }`xyhu yfwxncfwhr ghw d`llæhw wxr xlh gnrth J``jch Kn}w 5

?6


J``jch Kn}w 5}cxjflw ht knwox}w

@x wxr xlh gnrth d‖flthlwftæ 5

G`lgrïthkhlt chw `xtfcw J``jch w`lt }cxtôt nb`rdnbchw í c‖xtfcfwntf`l# c‖xtfcfw ntf`l# fc inxt græhr xl g`k}th J``jch ht t`xw chw whryfghw w`lt xtfcfwnbchw, Chw knwox}w }hxyhlt whryfr }nr hhk}ch# }`xr xlh hltrh}rfwh trnynfccnlt dnlw ch d`knflh dh cn wnltæ 5 }cxwfhxrw wfthw ixwf`llhlt chw d`llæhw jæ`jrn}of~xhw ht d‖ovjfïlh# nyhg# }nr hhk}ch# cn Gnrth K`ldfnch dhw nchrthw æ}fdækf~xhw 5 ott}5zzz,ohnctokn},`rjir

Wfthw `x }njhw zhb wxr ch wxeht Knwonbch# J``jch Kn}w5 >==! Bhwt T``cw T``cw nld Knwox}w# Knwox}w# Gnkhr`l Gon}knl# ott}5knwonbch,g`k2==6=>=? j``jch+kn}w+knwox}w+t``cw Xlh ghltnflh dh Knwox} í dæg`xyrfr# ott}5wfthw,j``jch,g`kwfthjkn}wklfn>==tofljwt`d`zftoj``jchkn}w knwox}w ott}5zzz,kfbnunnr,g`kj``jchtrhldw,otkc# y`xw }`xyhu wnfwfr y`trh k`t gcæ ht `bthlfr }`xr ghcxf+gf 5 chw thldnlghw dh rhgohrgoh /J``jch Trhldw& }nr yfcch, Gh wfth }ræwhlth xl t`} >= dhw yfcchw `ö c‖`l rhgohrgoh ch }cxw xl k`t gcæ,

Cfyrhw `x nrtfgchw dh rhgohrgoh wxr ch wxeht Chw cfyrhw g`lghrlnlt J``jch Kn}w w`lt }cxtôt dhwtflæw nx dæyhc`}}hxrw# ghrtnflw chxrw d`llhlt dhw kæto`dhw wxr cn græntf`l d‖N]F dh J``jch Kn}w d‖nxtrhw wxr cn græntf`l dh Knwox} ht Kn}}chtw# kflf }njh zhb,, zhb

W`xrghw 6=

Ghltrh d‖nfdhw dh J``jch# J``jch Kn}w# Ixwf`l Tnbch Ch bc`j dhw Flr`gaw# ott}5bc`jw,chwflr`gaw,g`kzhb+`bwgxr0};>> Knwonbch# ott}5knwonbch,g`k2==6=>=?j``jch+kn}w+knwox}w+t``cw


C‖nlncvwh n yfwæh ]r`w}hgtfyh G`kkhlt dhyflhr c‖nyhlfr ht w‖v }ræ}nrhr 0 Ghtth ~xhwtf`l flg`lt`xrlnbch dnlw t`xth ngtfyftæ oxknflh rhcïyh d‖xl d`knflh 5 cn }r`w}hgtfyh, Nxwwf# dnlw gh gon}ftrh# l`xw y`xw }r`}`w`lw dh dæg`xyrfr wf kæto`dhw }nrkf chw }cxw rhg`llxhw hfwtnlthw, Ch gonk} dhw n}}cfgntf`lw dh ghw kæto`dhw g`k}rhld dhx nhw }rflgf}nx 5 T`xt d‖nb`rd# hcchw y`xw nfdhr`lt í dæthrkflhr chw thldnlghw knfw wxrt`xt í wxfyrh chw ynrfnbchw í trnyhrw chw~xhcchw ch }ræwhlt kxth hl }hrknlhlgh, Hlwxfth# hcchw y`xw whr`lt æjnchkhlt d‖xlh }rægfhxwh nfdh c`rw dh y`w rhgohrgohw hl fll`yntf`l, ]`xr lfr# l`xw }hlw`lw ~xh ch }cxw jrnld kærfth dh ghw kæto`dhw ræwfdh dnlw chw ræhhw ~x‖hcchw

fk}rfkhlt nx gŗxr dx dfwghrlhkhl dfwghrlhkhltt dh c‖xtfcfwnthxr gohyr`llæ# gohyr`llæ# ch rhldnlt nflwf }cxw rn}fdhkhlt }hrtflhlt dnlw whw go`f,

Cfyrh Bcnlg  Flthccfjhlgh Nlncvwfw Cn kæto`dh ¡Zont fi 0±

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh N c‖`rfjflh# chw Zont fi 0 w`lt dhw wærfhw g`kfgw dh cn l dhw nllæhw :=# d`lt ch }rflgf}h hwt d‖fltæjrhr xl wx}hr oær`w dnlw xlh nyhltxrh í cn~xhcch fc l‖ætnft }nw dhwtflæ í c‖`rfjflh 5 ¡Zont fi 0,,, W}fdhr+Knl E`flhd toh Inltnwtfg I`xr 0± ^xh wh whrnft+fc }nwwæ wf W}fdhrknl nynft rhe`flt chw 4 Inltnwtf~xhw 0 Zont fi 0 }hrkht dh wh }rèhthr }`xr }hrghy`fr xl nxtrh ætnt# xl b`xchyhrwhkhlt dh c‖`rdrh lntxrhc dhw go`whw, C‖hw}rft Zont fi 0 n ætæ rh}rfw w`xw i`rkh dh kæto`dh ht hwt jælærnchkhlt gcnwwæh hl Irnlgh dnlw chw kæto`dhw d‖nlncvwh dhw rfw~xhw fldxwtrfhcw, ]`xr infrh wfk}ch# c‖ngthxr xtfcfwnlt ghtth kæto`dh fk}`wh xlh ræhf `l# xl ~xhwtf`llhkhlt

í wn }r`}rh `rjnlfwntf`l 5 ~xh wh }nwwh+t+fc wf…0 Ghtth kæto`dh g`xrnkkhlt xtfcfwæh dnlw ch whgthxr dh cn gofkfh /dnlw chw nllæhw := l`tnkkhlt& g`lwfwth í infrh ynrfhr dhw }nrnkïtrhw hwwhltfhcw d‖xl }r`t`g`ch `x d‖xl wvwtïkh /}rhwwf`l# thk}ærntxrh# htg,& nl d‖`bwhryhr chw ræwxctntw dx dærïjchkhlt, Zont fi 0 hwt fwwxh dh cn kæto`dh ONU@]# ONUnrd @]hrnbfcftv# }cxw g`k}chh ht inwtfdfhxwh í `}ærhr# gnr }cxw thgolf~xh dnlw cn }ræwhltntf`l dhw ræwxctntw, ¡G`lwfdærnlt ¡G`lwfdærnlt dh knlfïrh wvwtækntf~xh chw dærfyhw dhw }nrnkïtrhw d‖xlh flwtnccntf`l hl yxh d‖hl fdhltfhr chw gnxwhw ht chw g`lwæ~xhlghw# ghtth kæto`dh hwt }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt xtfch }`xr

c‖hnkhl dh wvwtïkhw tohrkòvdrnxcf~xhw# }`xr chw~xhcw dhw }nrnkïtrhw g`kkh ch dæbft# cn thk}ærntxrh# cn }rhwwf`l# ch lfyhnx# cn g`lghltrntf`l,,, w`lt }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt fk}`rtnltw }`xr cn wægxrftæ dh c‖flwtnccntf`l,± L`xw rhtfhldr`lw fgf c‖fdæh dx thwt dh wægxrftæ `x dh yfnbfcftæ dx wvwtïkh, Nflwf# c‖hlwhkbch dx wvwtïkh hwt ætxdfæ# thwtæ# w`ccfgftæ dh knlfïrh }ræyhltfyh }`xr hwwnvhr dh l‖`khttrh nxgxl æcækhlt# nxgxl }nrnkïtrh# nxgxl dætnfc }`xynlt hltrhr hl ehx dnlw xlh rængtf`l hl gonìlh, Wf c‖`l htrnft ghtth kæto`dh dx g`lthth fldxwtrfhc ht ~x‖`l c‖n}}cf~xh í xlh `rjnlfwntf`l# dnlw xl g`lthth g`lgxrrhltfhc# nc`rw hcch fk}cf~xhrn xl ¡wf± ~xf g`ldftf`llh xl }nrnkïtrh# xlh }r`gædxrh flthrlh `x hthrlh `x xl g`k}`rthkhlt oxknfl ~xf whrnfhlt dfiiærhltw dh ghx }ræyxw# ntthldxw `x kåkh w`xonftæw }nr ch dfrfjhnlt `x c‖æ~xf}h dh dfrhgtf`l, Dnlw cn toæ`rfh d‖n}}cfgntf`l dh ghtth kæto`dh# l`xw flwfwthr`lw wxr c‖fdæh ~x‖fc inxt rhjnrdhr w`l hltrh}rfwh `x w`l `rjnlfwntf`l dh inê`l jc`bnch# dnlw w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt, C‖h}ærfhlgh hl whgthxr fldxwtrfhc k`ltrh ~xh ¡c‖higngftæ dh cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 rh}`wh hl jrnldh }nrtfh wxr c‖h}ærfhlgh dhw }hrw`llhw ræxlfhw nx whfl dx jr`x}h dh trnynfc,± Hl hiiht# fc inxt dæthrkflhr ch w}hgtrh dhw g`k}æthlghw dh w`l hltrh}rfwh# í t`xt lfyhnx# }`xr `}tfkfwhr cn ræxwwfth dh c‖n}}cfgntf`l dh cn kæto`dh, Ghtth kæto`dh }`xrrnft æjnchkhlt w‖n}}cf~xhr nx d`knflh dh cn wtrntæjfh, Dnlw c‖`rjnlfwntf`l ch dfrfjhnlt ækht xl w`xonft# xlh `rfhltntf`l `x xl dæwfr 5 g‖hwt cn wtrntæjfh ¡i`rkhcch±, Hlwxfth# dnlw cn }onwh `}ærntf`llhcch /wtrntæjfh ngtxncfwæh&# fc dægfdhrn dhw ngtf`lw ht k`vhlw í khttrh hl ŗxyrh }`xr ræncfwhr w`l w`xonft, Cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 }hrkhttrn fgf dh thwthr ch k`dïch dx dfrfjhnlt ht d`lg dh wn wtrntæjfh 5

62

•

Wf xl dhw k`vhlw kfw hl ŗxyrh hwt xl ægohg# kn wtrntæjfh hwt+hcch yfnbch 0

•

Hwt+hcch xl dnljhr }`xr k`l `rjnlfwntf`l 0

•

Kn wtrntæjfh wh ræjxchrn+t+hcch d‖hcch+kåkh 0

Nflwf# cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 n}}cf~xæh í cn wtrntæjfh rh}rhld hl }nrtfh c‖fdæh dhw wtrntæjfhw `bcf~xhw ht dx ehx dh gnrthw ¡]cxw dh ghlt dfchkkhw ~xf lh ynchlt cn c n }hflh±# ækfwh hl >6:8 }nr ch kxwfgfhl Brfnl Hl` ht c‖nrtfwth ]hthr Wgokfdt# g‖hwt í dfrh# c‖fdæh whc`l cn~xhcch fc hfwth xl hlwhkbch dh }`wwfbfcftæw# dh }nrnkïtrhw ynrfnltw# dh dfchkkhw ~xf d`fyhlt infrh c‖`beht d‖xlh nlncvwh }nr c‖hw}rft, Wxr gongxlh dhw gnrthw hwt flwgrfth flwg rfth xlh }ornwh d`lt ch whlw ht chw fli`rkntf`lw }hxyhlt åtrh åtrh xtfcfwæw g`kkh }rflgf}h `x wtrntæjfh }`xr wh jxfdhr, jxfdhr, N}}cf~xæh í c‖hltrh}rfwh# chw wtrntæjfhw `bcf~xhw fk}cf~xhlt ~xh wf xl }nrnkïtrh g`ltrnflt cn wftxntf`l ht cn wtrntæjfh# c‖`rjnlfwntf`l ht c‖æ~xf}h dfrfjhnlth d`fyhlt ræjxchr hl g`rrfjhnlt `x k`dfnlt gh }nrnkïtrh, Dnlw ch


gnw `ö fc hwt fk}`wwfbch dh ræjxchr `x d‖njfr wxr xl }nrnkïtrh# xlh wtrntæjfh `bcf~xh# g‖hwt í dfrh c‖fltr`dxgtf`l d‖xl l`xyhnx }nrnkïtrh dnlw cn wtrntæjfh whrn læghwwnfrh }`xr g`lt`xrlhr ch }r`bcïkh `x cn dæinfccnlgh ht nflwf græhr xl ¡dæ}cnghkhlt wtrntæjf~xh±,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh  dæthrkflhr

chw gnxwhw ht g`lwæ~xhlghw }`thltfhcchw d‖xlh ynrfntf`l dh wftxntf`l  nltfgf}hr xl gonljhkhlt  wh }ræ}nrhr nx gonljhkhltw  thwthr xl k`dïch  fdhltfhr

dhw w`cxtf`lw /wtrntæjfhw `bcf~xhw& }`xr njfr

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh C‖fdæh jælærnch dh cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 hwt dh wh }rækxlfr dh c‖fk}ngt dh gonljhkhltw }`thltfhcw dxw í cn g`lgxrrhlgh, T`xth T`xth `rjnlfwntf`l d`ft åtrh hl khwxrh d‖fdhltfhr d‖fdhltf hr chw }nrnkïtrhw dæthrkflnlt `x flxhlênlt w`l

knrgoæ ht d‖åtrh gn}nbch dh wh }rèhthr dnlw c‖nyhlfr hl wfkxcnlt cn ynrfntf`l d‖xl `x dh }cxwfhxrw }nrnkïtrhw nl dh }r`}`whr xlh cfwth d‖ngtf`lw ¡g`rrhgtrfghw± }hrkhttnlt ch gnw ægoænlt d‖nwwxrhr wn wxryfh `x wn

}r`w}ærftæ, >, G`lwtftxhr xlh Thnk /g`k}`wæh dhw dfiiærhlthw g`k}æthlghw gcæw dh c‖hltrh}rfwh# í t`xt lfyhnx&, Ghtth æ~xf}h# dhyrn ræncfwhr xl ¡ Zont Zont fi 0 trnflflj ± 5 2, Fdhltfhr chw }nrnkïtrhw dh w`l knrgoæ ht w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt /g`kkh chw 8 i`rghw dh ]`rthr 5 flthlwftæ g`lgxrrhltfhcch# l`xyhnx hltrnltw# }`xy`fr dh læj`gfntf`l gcfhltw ht i`xrlfwwhxrw# chw }r`dxftw ht whryfghw dh wxbwtftxtf`l&, 7, Chw cfwthr dnlw xl tnbchnx hl hwwnvnlt dh dfw}`whr dx knfkxk dh dætnfcw wxr gongxl d‖hltrh hx, 4, N}}cf~xhr Zont fi 0 í gongxl d‖hltrh hx, Hhk}ch 5 Ht wf k`l whgthxr d*ngtfyftæ ntthflt xlh "wntxrntf`l g`lgxrrhltfhcch" 0 Ht wf dh l`xyhnx ngthxrw hltrhlt hl ehx í dfiiærhlthw ægohcchw 0 /c`gnch# ræjf`lnch# lntf`lnch# hxr`}æhllh# flthrlntf`lnch& 8, ]`xr gongxlh dhw ~xhwtf`lw# i`rkxchr xlh thltntfyh dh ræ}`lwh /w`xw i`rkh d‖ngtf`lw í khlhr& }`xr g`rrfjhr ch }nrnkïtrh ynrfnlt `x }r`}`whr xlh ncthrlntfyh ræjxcnlt ch wvwtïkh 9, Gn}ftncfwhr chw ræwxctntw ht chw trnlwi`rkhr hl g`llnfwwnlghw

Chw i`rghw

67

Cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 n}}cf~xæh í cn g`k}ætftf`l }hrkht ¡d‖nxdfthr± w`l }`wftf`llhkhlt wtrntæjf~xh# dh thwthr cn gn}ngftæ dh rængtf`l dh w`l `rjnlfwntf`l ht dh rhghlwhr chw dæinfccnlghw }`wwfbchw dh w`l }r`}rh wvwtïkh, ]hrkht xlh ætxdh `x xlh n}}r`goh ~xnwf }rædfgtfyh


Chw infbchwwhw Ch k`dïch tr`xyh whw cfkfthw dnlw cn ynrfntf`l dh }cxwfhxrw }nrnkïtrhw í xl kåkh thk}w T, T, Fc inxdrn nc`rw jærhr c‖flthrdæ}hldnlgh hltrh gon~xh }nrnkïtrh fdhltfæ ht c‖flxhlgh dhw xlw wxr chw nxtrhw, Hwt+gh ræncfwnbch 0

Gnw }rntf~xh ]ræncnbch 5 ch }ræwhlt gnw lh khltf`llh }nw dh dnthw }rægfwhw ht lh d`llh lf c‖fdhltftæ dhw hltrh}rfwhw lf ghcch dhw ngthxrw g`lghrlæw, Fc n ætæ rædfjæ w`xw xl nljch }ædnj`jf~xh hl flwfwtnlt wxr chw ætn}hw+gcæw g`rrhw}`ldnlt í cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 , Fc g`rrhw}`ld í xlh wftxntf`l ~xf w‖hwt ræhcchkhlt dær`xcæh dnlw chw nllæhw >6?=, C‖hltrh}rfwh N hwt chndhr k`ldfnc dhw xwthlwfchw dh gxfwflh nltf+ndoærhltw, Cn knr~xh n ch ~xnwf+k`l`}`ch dnlw cn jrnldh dfwtrfbxtf`l ht ch gcfhlt l‖n }nw dh go`f ncthrlntfi, Chw }r`dxftw nltf+ndoærhltw g`lwtftxhlt chw }r`dxftw ¡ yngoh í cnft ±# nwwxrnlt dhw rhww`xrghw lnlgfïrhw fk}`rtnlthw }`xr cn R)D nx whfl dx Jr`x}h,

Chw æ~xf}hw knrahtflj ht g`kkhrgfnchw dh cn knr~xh N w`lt hl yhfcch }hrknlhlth wxr ch thrrnfl ht w‖n}}xfhlt wxr dhw hl~xåthw }`xr khwxrhr ht yærfhr cn wntfwingtf`l dhw g`lw`kknthxrw knfw nxwwf }`xr hl rh}ærhr

chw ntthlthw hl kntfïrh d‖xwthlwfchw nltf+ndoærhltw, ]nrkf ghw hl~xåthw# ghcchw dædfæhw í cn khwxrh dh cn l`t`rfætæ /w}`ltnlæh ht nwwfwtæh& ht dh c‖fknjh dh cn knr~xh }r`}`whlt dhw knr~xhw flhfwtnlthw ht }xrhkhlt flyhltæhw ht dhw knr~xhw hfwtnlthw# knfw lh }r`dxfwnlt nxgxl xwthlwfchw nltf+ndoærhltw, N ghrtnflhw ~xhwtf`lw g`kkh 5 ¡ G`llnfwwhu+y`xw d‖nxtrhw d‖xwthlwfchw nltf+ndoærhltw ~xh cn knr~xh N 0 ±# ch gcfhlt ræ}`ld ¡`xf± ht gfth xlh knr~xh B# xl dhw chndhrw dh c‖æchgtr`kælnjhr k`ldfnc, ]`xrtnlt# cn knr~xh B lh }r`dxft nxgxl xwthlwfch nltf+ndoærhlt, Dnlw c‖flg`lwgfhlt dhw gcfhltw# cn knr~xh B hwt gh}hldnlt nwwfkfcæh í ghtth thgol`c`jfh# g`lwtftxnlt xl thrrnfl iny`rnbch }`xr w`l hltræh wxr ch knrgoæ# }`wwfbfcftæ ~xh rhd`xth cn knr~xh N, Cn kæto`dh Zont fi 0 w‖n}}cf~xh fgf 5 ¡ ^xh gh }nwwh+t+fc wf 0 ± cn knr~xh B hltrh wxr ch knrgoæ dx rhyåthkhlt nltfndoæwfi 0 ^xh wh }nwwh+t+fc wf e‖nf xl l`xyhnx g`lgxrrhlt wxr k`l knrgoæ 0 Cn knr~xh N dæg`xyrh ~xh cn knr~xh B }ræ}nrh dhw }r`dxftw nltf+ndoærhltw ht ~xh cn jrnldh dfwtrfbxtf`l w‖hwt hljnjæh nyhg cn knr~xh B hl cxf }nwwnlt dhw g`kknldhw, Cn jrnldh dfwtrfbxtf`l hwt d`lg hl khwxrh dh }r`}`whr xl d`xbch go`f dh knr~xh í whw gcfhltw, Ch dnljhr wh inft nc`rw whltfr gohu ch chndhr N, C‖hltrh}rfwh dh cn knr~xh N kht hl }cngh xlh yærftnbch ¡ `}ærntf`l w}ægfnch w}æg fnch ±# dnlw xl g`lthth g `lthth dh bcnga+`xt ht dh g`ldhltfncftæ knfkxk yhrw c‖htærfhxr# fk}cf~xnlt xl jr`x}h dh gndrhw ht dh thgolfgfhlw ht dægfdh

dh k`lthr xlh g`ltrh+ìihlwfyh dhwtflæh í nw}ovfhr y`frh nlænltfr ch }rèht dh cn knr~xh B, Hl ~xhc~xhw whknflhw# cn knr~xh N yn ¡ }ærfkhr ± whw }r`}rhw }r`dxftw hl }r`}`wnlt xl l`xyhnx rhyåthkhlt# xl l`xyhnx dhwfjl# xl l`xyhnx }nganjflj ht xl flyhwtfwwhkhlt }xbcfgftnfrh wnlw }rægædhlt# c‖`behgtfi ætnlt dh }rhldrh dh yfthwwh cn knr~xh B c`rw dh cn }ræwhltntf`l ìgfhcch nx wnc`l flthrlntf`lnc dædfæ í ghtth }rìhwwf`l, C‖`}ærntf`l

n ætæ xl irnlg wxggïw# }nrncvwnlt t`tnchkhlt cn knr~xh B,

64

Bfcnl 5 chw k`vhlw dh yhfcch nww`gfæw í cn rhk`ltæh d‖fli`rkntf`lw dhw g`kkhrgfnx# `lt }hrkfw í cn knr~xh N d‖xlh }nrt d‖nltfgf}hr xlh thltntfyh dh dæwtnbfcfwntf`l dh wn wftxntf`l dh chndhr ht d‖nxtrh }nrt dh wh }rèhthr hl fknjflnlt cn }`wwfbch hltræh d‖xl g`lgxrrhlt wxr w`l knrgoæ, Xl dhw }`fltw fk}`rtnltw dh cn ræxwwfth dh ghtth `}ærntf`l nxrn ætæ ch }nrnkïtrh thk}w 5 ghtth ræxwwfth d`ft bhnxg`x} í cn yfthwwh dh rængtf`l ht í c‖njfcftæ wtrntæjf~xh dh cn knr~xh N ht ræwfdh dnlw wn gn}ngftæ í wh }ræ}nrhr ht í niir`lthr ch gonljhkhlt,


G`k}cækhltw 5 ]rhyfli`,lht# Kæto`dhw ONU@] ht Zont fi # ott}5zzz,}rhyfli`,lhtwhgtf`lw,}o}0`};yfhznrtfgch)nrtfd;7? HL@ Brfnl# WGOKFDT ]hthr# Chw wtrntæjfhw `bcf~xhw + >6:8# 4 },# ott}w5xwflhn}rèht,zfafw}nghw,g`kch yfhzbrfnlPhl`Pwtrnthjfhw,}di Ehllfihr+to`knw,g`k# Chw wtrntæjfhw `bcf~xhw# `bcf~xhw# ott}5zzz,ehllfihr+to`knw,g`k`bcf~xh AFHIIHR Ahyfl K,# TO@K]W@L Brxgh# Flthr}rhtfli Wtntfwtfgnc Wfjlfgnlgh Thwt Rhwxctw5 N }r`}`whd lhz –Zont fi0‛ khto`d + >666# 28 },# ott}5zzz,hrfg,hd,j`yHRFGD`gwdntnhrfgd`gw2w~cg`lthltP wt`rnjhP=>=====>6b?=>8h?:b,}di GONL Afk# KNXB@RJLH Rhlæ# Wtrntæjfh @gænl Bchx 5 G`kkhlt græhr dh l`xyhnx hw}nghw wtrntæjf~xhw + Yfccnjh k`ldfnc# 2==?# 2?? }, B2b+knrahtflj,ir# Nlncvwh ht Kntrfghw5 8 i`rghw dh ]`rthr # ott}5zzz,b2b+knrahtflj,ir>+8+i`rghw+dh+}`rthr, B2b+knrahtflj,ir# Nlncvwh }o}

68


Cn kæto`dh KNGT@R ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Kfgohc J@DHT hwt ]rìhwwhxr nx G`lwhrynt`frh Lntf`lnc dhw Nrtw ht Kætfhrw /tftxcnfrh dh cn Gonfrh dh ]r`w}hgtfyh Fldxwtrfhcch& `ö fc hwt æjnchkhlt dfrhgthxr dx CF]W@R, Fc hwt c‖nxthxr dh kxctf}chw }xbcfgntf`lw wgfhltf~xhw wxr chw kæto`dhw }r`w}hgtfyhw }r`w}hgtfy hw ht c‖nlncvwh wtrntæjf~xh, N }nrtfr gh whw trnynx# c‖`rjnlfwntf`l 7FH

n ætæ gonrjæh dh dæyhc`}}hr gfl~ c`jfgfhcw dh }r`w}hgtfyh wtrntæjf~xh bnwæw wxr cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w dæyhc`}}æh }nr Kfgohc J@DHT d`lt cn kæto`dh Kngt`r,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Ghtth kæto`dh n }`xr bxt d‖nlncvwhr chw rhcntf`lw }`thltfhcchw /nccfnlghw# g`lftw…& ht chw rn}}`rtw dh i`rgh

~xh }hxyhlt ny`fr xl ghrtnfl l`kbrh d‖ngthxrw nx whfl d‖xl kåkh ægof~xfhr wtrntæjf~xh, G‖hwt }`xr~x`f hcch }rægïdh w`xyhlt c‖nlncvwh dfth ¡ dhw wgælnrf`w ±,

Kæto`d`c`jfh  Htnbcfr cn cfwth dhw ngthxrw ~xf g`k}`whlt

c‖ægof~xfhr wtrntæjf~xh, Jælærnchkhlt `l hl rhtfhldrn hltrh

>= ht 2=,  G`lwtrxfrh xl tnbchnx í d`xbch hltræh ngthxrwngthxrw /kntrfgh gnrræh& ~xh c‖`l n}}hcchrn tnbchnx ¡ wtrntæjfh dhw ngthxrw ±,

Tnbchnx ‗ wtrntæjfh dhw ngthxrw> }`wf tf`lw wfk}chw&  G`lwtrxfrh xl dhxfïkh tnbchnx dh kåkh tv}h ¡ ngthxrw`behgtfiw ± /`x kntrfgh dhw }`wftf`lw ~xf khttrn hl nynlt yfn xlh }`ldærntf`l c‖nttftxdh dh gon~xh ngthxr }nr rn}}`rt í gon~xh `behgtfi, Cn }`ldærntf`l hwt cn wxfynlth 5 !> wf c‖ngthxr hwt iny`rnbch í c‖`behgtfi, = wf fc hwt lhxtrh, +> wf fc hwt `}}`wæ í c‖`behgtfi, N cn wxfth dh ghtth kntrfgh ch c`jfgfhc KNGT@R }`xrrn ætnbcfr dhw jrn}of~xhw khttnlt hl nynlt chw jr`x}hw d‖ngthxrw hl }`wftf`l dh g`lyhrjhlgh `x dh dfyhrjhlghw,  Fc yn hlwxfth åtrh læghwwnfrh dh ofærnrgofwhr chw `behgtfiw dh gon~xh ngthxr, Nflwf# hl w‖n}}xvnlt wxr cn kntrfgh ¡ ngthxrw`behgtfiw ± ch c`jfgfhc KNGT@R yn ætnbcfr xlh nxtrh kntrfgh nl dh khttrh hl

nynlt c‖fk}cfgntf`l dh c‖ngthxr }nr rn}}`rt í xl `behgtfi, ]cxw ch l`kbrh whrn æchyæ }cxw c‖ngthxr whrn g`lghrlæ }nr ght `behgtfi, Ghtth kntrfgh w‖n}}hcch ¡ kntrfgh dhw }`wftf`lw yncxæhw ±,  C‖ætn}h wxfynlth g`lwfwth í æyncxhr chw rn}}`rtw dh i`rgh hltrh ngthxrw, ]`xr ghcn fc inxdrn w‖n}}xvhr wxr cn kntrfgh ¡ wtrntæjfh dhw ngthxrw ±# hl rh}rhldrh cn i`rkh# ht hl g`lwtrxfrh xlh l`xyhcch wxr ch kåkh k`dïch ~xh c‖`l n}}hcchrn kntrfgh ¡ d‖flxhlgh dfrhgth ± knfw ghtth i`fw+gf fltæjrnlt xlh 69

> FNNT# jxfdh kæto`d`c`jf~xh dx trnynfc hl g`kkxl + 2==8# ott}5zzz,fnnt,`rjthchgonrjhkhltjxfdhPkhto`d`jxfdhPkhto`d`P g`k}cht,}di


Cn kæto`dh KNGT@R

}`ldærntf`l nccnlt dh = /}nw d‖flxhlgh& í 4 /i`rth flxhlgh& hl i`lgtf`l dx }`xy`fr d‖flxhlgh d‖xl

ngthxr wxr xl nxtrh /cn dfnj`lnch dh ghtth kntrfgh lh g`ltfhldrn ~xh dhw =&, Chw rn}}`rtw dh i`rgh whr`lt nc`rw gncgxcæw }nr ch c`jfgfhc Kngt`r hl thlnlt g`k}th dhw k`vhlw d‖ngtf`lw dfrhgtw knfw nxwwf fldfrhgtw /xl ngthxr }`xynlt njfr wxr xl nxtrh }nr c‖flthrkædfnfrh d‖xl tr`fwfïkh& ~xf i`rkhr`lt cn kntrfgh dx kåkh l`k, Ghgf }hrkht dh khttrh hl nynlt chw i`rghw ht infbchwwhw dh gongxl dhw ngthxrw fk}cf~xæw,  Fltæjrhr chw rn}}`rtw dh i`rgh dnlw c‖nlncvwh dhw g`lyhrjhlghw ht dhw dfyhrjhlghw hltrh ngthxrw, Ch bxt dh ghtth xctfkh ætn}h g`lwfwthrn í ¡ kfhr ± chw rn}}`rtw dh i`rgh dæg`xyhrt c`rw dh cn }rægædhlth ætn}h /kntrfgh dhw flxhlghw dfrhgthw ht fldfrhgthw& nyhg c‖flthlwftæ

dh chxr }`wftf`llhkhlt yfw+í+yfw dh chxrw `behgtfiw /kntrfgh dhw }`wftf`lw yncxæhw&, Ch c`jfgfhc }hrkht d‖`bthlfr dh l`xyhnx jrn}ohw dhw g`lyhrjhlghw }`wwfbchw ht dhw dfyhrjhlghw hltrh t`xw chw ngthxrw,

Chw i`rghw  Cn kæto`dh Kngt`r hwt lhtthkhlt }cxw `}ærntf`llhcch

/ht d`lg }nr cn kåkh ingfchkhlt n}}cfgnbch hl hltrh}rfwh& ~xh ghcch dh cn toæ`rfh dhw ehx# ~xf g`kkh w`l l`k c‖fldf~xh dæb`xgoh ch }cxw w`xyhlt wxr dhw k`dïchw toæ`rf~xhw }hx æyfdhltw í xtfcfwhr nx ~x`tfdfhl,

Chw infbchwwhw Cn ~xncftæ dhw ræwxctntw `bthlxw í c‖fwwxh dh cn kæto`dh KNGT@R dæ}hld dh cn }hrtflhlgh dhw d`llæhw fltr`dxfthw nx dæ}nrt,  Chw æcækhltw wxr cn wtrntæjfh dhw nxtrhw ngthxrw lh w`lt }nw t`xe`xrw ingfchw í `bthlfr# fc whrn d`lg læghwwnfrh dh }r`gædhr í dh l`kbrhx rhg`x}hkhltw d‖fli`rkntf`lw,  Ghtth kæto`dh i`lgtf`llh wxr c‖ov}`toïwh d‖xl g`k}`rthkhlt dh gon~xh ngthxr ~xf whrnft hl ndæ~xntf`l nyhg whw lncftæw gh ~xf# dnlw cn ræncftæ# l‖hwt }nw t`xe`xrw ch gnw,

G`k}cækhltw Cfyrhw ht d`gxkhltw DXRNLGH ]ofcf}}h# J@DHT Kfgohc# Cn }r`w}hgtfyh Wtrntæjf~xh }`xr chw hltrh}rfwhw ht chw thrrft`frhw+ thrrft`frhw + Dxl`d# 2==?# >4> }, J@DHT Kfgohc# Knlxhc dh }r`w}hgtfyh }r`w}hgtfy h wtrntæjf~xh /T`kh > 5 Xlh Fldfwgf}cflh flthcchgtxhcch 1 T`kh T`kh 2 5 C‖Nrt ht cn kæto`dh& kæto`dh& + Dxl`d# 2==> FNNT# Jxfdh kæto`d`c`jf~xh dx trnynfc hl g`kkxl+ g`kkxl + 2==8# ott}5zzz,fnnt,`rjthchgonrjhkhltjxfdhPkhto`d` jxfdhPkhto`d`Pg`k}cht,}di Wfthw flthrlht

7fh,ir# Cn kæto`dh KNGT@R# ott}5zzz,7fh,ircf}w`rkngt`r,otk 6:

Hrznl,lhnx,irhh,ir# Cn kæto`dh KNGT@R `x nlncvwhr chw wtrntæjfhw d‖ngthxrw# ott}5hrznl,lhnx,irhh,ir T``cb`Khto`dhPKNGT@R,otk


Cn kæto`dh KXC KXCTF]@C TF]@C

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Cn kæto`dh KXCTF]@C /}`xr KXCTFgrftïrh ht ]@Cftf~xh& inft }nrtfh dhw kæto`dhw }r`w}hgtfyhw d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l ht hwt }r`bnbchkhlt c‖xlh dhw }cxw wfk}ch dhw kæto`dhw kxctfgrftïrhw, Hcch rh}`wh wxr c‖æyncxntf`l dhw ngtf`lw }nr c‖flthrkædfnfrh dh g`higfhltw, Gongxlh dhw ngtf`lw hwt æyncxæh nx rhjnrd dh gon~xh grftïrh

nx k`vhl d‖xlh ægohcch wfk}ch dh l`tntf`l,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh G`kkh t`xth kæto`dh kxctfgrftïrh# cn c n kæto`dh KXCTF]@C yfwh í g`k}nrhr dfiiærhlthw ngtf`lw hl i`lgtf`l dh grftïrhw kxctf}chw, W`l `behgtfi hwt d‖fdhltfhr ht d‖æyncxhr chw `}tf`lw wtrntæjf~xhw ~xf w‖ìirhlt nx dægfdhxr hl

g`lwtrxfwnlt xlh jrfcch d‖nlncvwh, ]`xr gon~xh }`cftf~xh hlyfwnjhnbch# cn }r`gædxrh KXCTF]@C nttrfbxhrn xl wg`rh k`vhl nx ngtf`lw }hrkhttnlt d‖nilhr c‖nlncvwh,

Kfwh hl `hxyrh  Hl

}rhkfhr cfhx fc hwt læghwwnfrh dh go`fwfr dhw ¡ grftïrhw ±# gh whr`lt t`xthw chw ræ}hrgxwwf`lw /}`wftfyhw `x læjntfyhw& hljhldræhw }nr l`trh }r`bcækntf~xh, Fc inxt thlfr g`k}th dhw rhknr~xhw `x grftf~xhw rægxrrhlthw dhw fldfyfdxw nxt`xr dh gh wxeht, H græntf`l d‖xlh xwflh wxr cn g`kkxlnxtæ d‖njjc` dh cn yfcch _# `l rhtfhldrn }nrkf chw grftïrhw 5 }`ccxtf`l# græntf`l d‖hk}c`fw# tnh i`lgfïrh…  Go`f dhw ngtf`lw 5 ~xhcchw w`lt chw dfiiærhlthw ngtf`lw hlyfwnjhnbchw nxt`xr dh l`trh wxeht, Dnlw l`trh hhk}ch 5 tnh wxr cn }`ccxtf`l# dædxgtf`lw wgnchw }`xr iny`rfwhr c‖nrrfyæh dh l`xyhcchw

hltrh}rfwhw…  Go`f dhw }`cftf~xhw 5 }`cftf~xh æg`l`kf~xh# }`cftf~xh w`gfnch# }`cftf~xh hlyfr`llhkhltnch…,  I`rkxcntf`l

dh wgælnrf`w 5 nl dh thlfr g`k}th dh c‖ægohcch dx thk}w }xfw~xh cn dægfwf`l lnch wh

trndxfrn }nr dhw flyhwtfwwhkhltw wxr ch c`lj thrkh fc hwt læghwwnfrh dh w‖flthrr`jhr wxr chw wgælnrf`w }`wwfbchw dnlw xl ixtxr }r`goh, Dnlw ch gnw dh l`trh hhk}ch 5 onxwwh dx goôknjh dnlw chw nllæhw nllæ hw í yhlfr# ræjchkhltntf`l hxr`}æhllh }cxw wtrfgth wxr cn }`ccxtf`l…  Ræncfwhr xl tnbchnx í d`xbch hltræh Ngtf`lwGrftïrhw# nyhg xlh æyncxntf`l dh = í 2= hl i`lgtf`l dh c‖fk}`rtnlgh dh c‖ngtf`l }nr rn}}`rt nx grftïrhw, /}cxw cn l`th wh rn}}r`goh dh 2= }cxw c‖ngtf`l hwt dæthrkflnlth yfw+í+yfw dx grftïrh&,  Ræncfwhr xl tnbchnx í d`xbch hltræh ]`cftf~xhwGrftïrhw# nyhg xlh l`tntf`l dh = í >==, Xlh }`cftf~xh dfw}`wh dh >== }`fltw í nttrfbxhr# cn w`kkh dhw }`fltw nttrfbxæw í gon~xh grftïrh wxr xlh kåkh }`cftf~xh d`ft d`lg åtrh æjnch í >==,  Ræncfwhr xl tnbchnx í d`xbch hltræh Wgælnrf`wGrftïrhw 5 wxfyrh ch kåkh }rflgf}h ~xh ch tnbchnx ]`cftf~xhwGrftïrhw  Xlh l`xyhcch kntrfgh yn åtrh græh }nr cn c`jfgfhc 5 ¡ kntrfgh d‖æyncxntf`l dhw ngtf`lw hl i`lgtf`l dhw }`cftf~xhw ± /g‖hwt hl inft xl tnbchnx í d`xbch hltræh Ngtf`lw]`cftf~xhw& ~xf w‖n}}xfh wxr xlh g`kbflnfw`l dhw kntrfghw }rægædhlthw Ngtf`lwGrftïrhw ht ]`cftf~xhwGrftïrhw, Cn k`vhllh ht c‖ægnrt tv}h dh gon~xh ngtf`l whr`lt gncgxcæhw dnlw ch i`xcæh ht flwgrfthw dnlw gh g h kåkh tnbchnx, Cn k`vhllh cn }cxw æchyæh fldf~xhrn c‖ngtf`l cn }cxw iny`rnbch, C‖Hgnrt tv}h ~xnlt í cxf khwxrnlt cn }rfwh dh rfw~xh# }cxw fc hwt æchyæ# }cxw ch rfw~xh whrn fk}`rtnlt,  Wxfynlt ch kåkh }rflgf}h ~xh cn kntrfgh d‖æyncxntf`l dhw ngtf`lw hl i`lgtf`l dhw }`cftf~xhw xlh l`xyhcch kntrfgh whrn græh ghtth i`fw g`rrhw}`ldnlt í cn kntrfgh d‖æyncxntf`lw dhw }`cftf~xhw hl 6?

i`lgtf`lw dhw wgælnrf`w, K`vhllh ht Hgnrt tv}h jxrhr`lt wxr gh tnbchnx nl dh }hrkhttrh d‖`rfhlthr


Cn kæto`dh KXC KXCTF]@C TF]@C

wn dægfwf`l ~xnlt nx go`f dhw }`cftf~xhw chw }cxw ndn}tæhw,>

Chw i`rghw  Kæto`dh

rhcntfyhkhlt nb`rdnbch  ]rfwh hl g`k}th dx rfw~xh 5 xlh ngtf`l nyhg xlh k`vhllh æchyæh knfw xl i`rt ægnrt+tv}h }`xynlt nflwf åtrh g`lwfdæræh g`kkh rfw~xæh,

Chw infbchwwhw  Gh

tv}h dh kæto`dh yfwh í khttrh hl nynlt xlh ngtf`l# ghcch ~xf w`rt dx c`t# wf c‖`behgtfi flftfnc hwt dh gxkxchr }cxwfhxrw ngtf`lw# dnlw gh gnw KXCTF]@C w‖nyïrh k`flw }hrtflhlt,

G`k}cækhltw Cfyrhw ht d`gxkhltw J@DHT Kfgohc# Knlxhc dh }r`w}hgtfyh }r`w}hgtfy h wtrntæjf~xh /T`kh > 5 Xlh Fldfwgf}cflh flthcchgtxhcch 1 T`kh T`kh 2 5 C‖Nrt ht cn kæto`dh& + Dxl`d# 2==> ANKK@XL Anrfk# JOHDFRN Nvkhl# Icxgtxntf`lw dx }rf dx }ætr`ch ht ækhrjhlgh dx whgthxr dhw trnlw}`rtw g`kkh ingthxr dh dæyhc`}}hkhlt dh cn Txlfwfh + Gfl~xfïkh G`cc`~xh Flthrlntf`lnc dx Cnb, ]W2D# 2==6# ott}5zzz,}w2d,lhtkhdfnankk`xl(2=johdfrn,}di R@V Bhrlnrd# Kæto`d`c`jfh kxctfgrftïrh d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l + Hg`l`kfgn# >6?8# 968 }, YFLGAH ]o,# C‖nfdh kxctfgrftïrh í cn dægfwf`l + Gnrb`lhc# >6?6# 2>6 },

Wfthw flthrlht

7fh,ir# Kæto`dh KXCTF]@C KXCTF]@C Grftïrhw ht }`cftf~xhw }`cf tf~xhw kxctf}chw# kxctf}chw# ott}5zzz,7fh,ircf}w`rkxctf}`c,otk

66 > Nl d‖ægcnfrhr c‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l ghw dhx dhrlfïrh kntrfghw }`xrr`lt åtrh rh}ræwhltæhw wgoækntf~xhkhlt wgoækntf~xhkhlt w`xw i`rkh dh jrn}of~xhw,


Cn kæto`dh k`r}o`c`jf~xh

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh C‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh n ætæ grææh }nr Irftu Uzfgav í cn l dh cn whg`ldh jxhrrh k`ldfnch, Ghtth kæto`dh

hwt dhwtflæh í ræw`xdrh dhw }r`bcækntf~xhw kxctfdfkhlwf`llhcchw g`k}chhw, Nx g`xrw dhw dhx dhrlfïrhw dæghllfhw# gh tv}h d‖nlncvwh n ætæ xtfcfwæ dnlw chw d`knflhw dhw ætxdhw }r`w}hgtfyhw ht dh cn g`lwtrxgtf`l dh wghlnrff wtrntæjf~xhw, C`ljthk}w b`xdæh# ghtth kæto`dh n dhrlfïrhkhlt rhtr`xyæ xl rhjnfl d‖fltæråt l`tnkkhlt jrâgh í c‖æcnb`rntf`l dh wx}}`rtw fli`rkntf~xhw }hri`rknltw, Ch thrkh dh ¡ k`r}o`c`jfh ± hwt xlh l`tf`l gnrdflnch dh ghtth nlncvwh, Cn k`r}o`c`jfh hwt ¡ c‖ætxdh dh cn g`ljxrntf`l ht dh cn wtrxgtxrh hthrlh dhw åtrhw yfynltw ht dh chxrw `rjnlhw ± /Dfgtf`llnfrh Ongohtth&, Nflwf# c‖`behgtfi dh ghtth kæto`dh hwt dh g`k}rhldrh cn g`ljxrntf`l d‖æcækhltw d‖xl `beht nl d‖hl wnfwfr

ch i`lgtf`llhkhlt jc`bnc, D‖nfcchxrw w`l grænthxr n w`xcfjlæ ~xh ghtth kæto`dh ætnft }hrtflhlth }`xr cn g`k}ræohlwf`l dh wtrxgtxrhw khltnchw /fdæhw# g`lgh}tw,,, &,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Chw d`knflhw d‖n}}cfgntf`l dh cn kæto`dh k`r}o`c`jf~xh w`lt cnrjhw 5 g`lwtrxgtf`l dh wgælnrff h}c`rnt`frhw dnlw chw d`knflhw dh c‖fll`yntf`l ht dh cn rhgohrgoh dh l`xyhcchw fdæhw, N c‖`rfjflh }ræyxh }`xr xlh n}}cfgntf`l dnlw chw d`knflhw thgol`c`jf~xhw# c‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh w‖hwt æthldxh exw~x‖í åtrh iræ~xhkkhlt xtfcfwæh }`xr cn g`lwtrxgtf`l dh wgælnrff nl dh dhyflhr chw ixtxrw }`wwfbchw, ]nr nfcchxrw# c‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh hwt

æjnchkhlt xtfcfwæh dnlw chw }r`ghwwxw d‖fll`yntf`l,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Wn kfwh hl ŗxyrh }hxt åtrh dægrfth hl dhx }onwhw5

]onwh > 5 c‖æcnb`rntf`l dh c‖hw}ngh k`r}o`c`jf~xh Dnlw xl }rhkfhr thk}w# c‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh dæbxth }nr c‖fdhltfgntf`l dhw w`xw wvwtïkhw `x g`k}`wnlthw,

Xl w`fl }nrtfgxcfhr d`ft åtrh n}}`rtæ í ghtth }onwh }xfw~xh cn ~xncftæ dh c‖nlncvwh hl dæ}hldrn, Hl `xtrh# c‖hlwhkbch dhw g`k}`wnlthw go`fwfhw d`fyhlt rhldrh g`k}th dh cn t`tncftæ dh c‖`beht `x wvwtïkh go`fwf }`xr c‖nlncvwh, Fc g`lyfhlt d‖hiihgtxhr dhw go`f dnlw ch whlw dh c‖æ}xrntf`l dhw g`k}`wnlthw }nri`fw tr`} l`kbrhxwhw `x dnlw ghcxf dh chxr kxctf}cfgntf`l# ghgf t`xe`xrw hl rhgohrgonlt xl æ~xfcfbrh hltrh chw g`ltrnflthw dh infwnbfcftæ ht d‖honxwtfyftæ, Xlh g`k}`wnlth g`k}`rthrn }cxwfhxrw g`ljxrntf`lw, Cn jrfcch d‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh rh}ræwhlth chw wgælnrff ~xf w`lt chw ræwxctnlthw dh c‖fkbrfgntf`l dhw g`ljxrntf`lw hltrh hcchw, Nxwwf# c‖hlwhkbch dh ghw

wgælnrff d`ft+fc rh}r`dxfrh ch gonk} dhw }`wwfbchw ~xh c‖`l n}}hcch æjnchkhlt c‖hw}ngh k`r}o`c`jf~xh, Hhk}ch dh kfwh hl }rntf~xh dh cn }onwh > 5 Wf l`xw w`xonft`lw dæthrkflhr cn wftxntf`l flthrlntf`lnch ixtxrh /c‖`beht `x wvwtïkh&# fc l`xw inxt fdhltfhr chw

g`k}`wnlthw dh ghtth wftxntf`l 5 hl c‖`ggxrrhlgh# l`xw go`fwfr`lw chw g`k}`wnlthw æg`l`kf~xhw# thgolf~xhw# w`gfnchw ht dæk`jrn}of~xhw, Fc hwt fk}`rtnlt dh w`xcfjlhr ~xh l`xw l‖ny`lw }nw fltæjræ g`kkh g`k}`wnlth ch gcfknt }xfw~xh l`xw ch g`lwfdær`lw ~xh c‖ætnt dhw g`llnfwwnlghw ngtxhcchw í gh wxeht l‖hwt }nw wxiwnlt }`xr c‖fltæjrhr dnlw l`trh nlncvwh, Hlwxfth# l`xw dæthrkflhr`lw chw g`ljxrntf`lw }`w wfbchw }`xr gongxlh dhw

g`k}`wnlthw, ]nr hhk}ch }`xr cn g`k}`wnlth æg`l`kf~xh# l`xw }`xrrf`lw g`lwfdærhr ~xh cn gr`fwwnlgh nwfntf~xh whrn dnlw xlh i`xrgohtth dh 9 í :( }`xr chw 8 }r`gonflhw nllæhw, Xlh nxtrh g`ljxrntf`l }`xrrn

åtrh ~xh cn gr`fwwnlgh nwfntf~xh wh wtnbfcfwhrn }`xr chw 8 }r`gonflhw nllæhw# htg,,, L`xw æcnb`rhr`lw nxtnlt dh g`ljxrntf`lw ~xh læghwwnfrhw t`xt hl fltæjrnlt xl ghrtnfl l`kbrh dh g`ltrnflthw 5 chw g`ljxrntf`lw exjæhw

fk}r`bnbchw# inltnfwfwthw `x o`rw dx gonk} dh rhgohrgoh >==

]onwh 2 5 rædxgtf`l dh c‖hw}ngh k`r}o`c`jf~xh Cn rædxgtf`l dh c‖hw}ngh k`r}o`c`jf~xh hwt xlh ætn}h læghwwnfrh, Fc w‖njft dh rædxfrh ch l`kbrh dh wgælnrff



hl rnfw`l dh c‖flg`k}ntfbfcftæ hltrh ghrtnflhw g`ljxrntf`lw, Fc inxt d`lg fltr`dxfrh c`rw dh ghtth }onwh dhw

g`ltrnflthw d‖hgcxwf`l t`xt hl thltnlt dh dæyhc`}}hr dhw w`xw hw}nghw }r`}rhw í nfdhr c‖nlncvwth dnlw w`l }rèht, Hhk}ch dh kfwh hl }rntf~xh dh cn }onwh 25 C`rw~xh l`xw `bthl`lw# n}rïw ny`fr rhcfæ chw dfiiærhlthw g`ljxrntf`lw hltrh hcchw# xl ghrtnfl l`kbrh dh wgælnrff }`wwfbchw# fc l`xw inxt fltr`dxfrh dhw g`ltrnflthw d‖hgcxwf`l nl dh cfkfthr chw ixtxrw hlyfwnjæw ~xf

w`lt hl jælærnc í ghtth ætn}h# trïw l`kbrhx, ]`xr gh infrh# fltæjr`lw }nr hhk}ch g`kkh g`ltrnflthw 5 cn gòærhlgh hltrh chw g`ljxrntf`lw, ]nr hhk}ch# xlh gr`fwwnlgh dh 8( hl Nwfh lh }hxt w‖ngg`k}njlhr d‖xl

nrråt dh t`xt }r`jrïw thgolf~xh, N c‖fwwxh dh ghtth }onwh# ch l`kbrh dh wgælnrff hwt rædxft nx }cxw }cnxwfbchw,

Chw i`rghw  Rhg`xyrh

c‖hlwhkbch dx gonk} dhw }`wwfbchw,  Wfk}cfgftæ dx }rflgf}h jælærnch,  Xtfcfwnbch dnlw cn rhgohrgoh d‖fll`yntf`l `x c`rw dh cn kfwh hl }cngh d‖ngtf`lw dh }r`w}hgtfyhw,

Chw infbchwwhw  Kæto`dh

c`ljxh ht inwtfdfhxwh,  Ch go`f dhw g`k}`wnlthw dh dæ}nrt hwt dæcfgnt,  Læghwwfth xlh b`llh h}ærfhlgh }`xr lnyfjxhr dnlw c‖hw}ngh k`r}o`c`jf~xh wnlw wh }hrdrh,

Kfwh hl `hxyrh Wf c‖`l go`fwft dhw g`k}`wnlthw ¡^ ¡ ^ ±# æg`l`kf~xh# thgolf~xh# w`gfnc# dæk`jrn}of~xh# gongxlh rhw}hgtfyhkhlt lxkær`tæh dh > í 4 ht ~xh l`xw }`w`lw }cxwfhxrw g`ljxrntf`lw í gongxlh dh ghw g`k}`wnlth /4 knfkxk }nr hhk}ch&# nc`rw l`xw `bthl`lw ch wgoækn gf dhww`xw, Fc hwt b`l d‖fltæjrhr xlh g`ljxrntf`l ¡ 0 ±# dfth ov}`toïwh# }`xr lh ihrkhr nxgxlh }`wwfbfcftæ,

>=>



Chw wgælnrff ræwxctnltw dh ghtth nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh d`fyhlt åtrh hlwxfth nddftf`llæw /}r`dxft dhw g`ljxrntf`lw }`wwfbchw& }`xr `bthlfr xl gonk} dhw }`wwfbchw `x xl gonk} k`r}o`c`jf~xh, ]`xr lfr khtt`lw hl ŗxyrh cn kæto`dh k`r}o`c`jf~xh dnlw ch gndrh d‖xl hhk}ch g`lgrht, Ch wxeht go`fwf hwt

ch wxfynlt 5 c‖ætnt d‖xlh y`ftxrh n}rïw xlh nllæh d‖xtfcfwntf`l, Chw g`k}`wnlthw dh bnwhw whr`lt ch afc`kætrnjh# chw nggfdhltw# c‖hltrhtfhl ht ch tv}h dh yæofgxch, N gon~xh g`k}`wnlth# l`xw fltr`dxfr`lw xl ghrtnfl l`kbrh dh g`ljxrntf`lw 5 cn g`ljxrntf`l > dh cn g`k}`wnlth Afc`kætrnjh whrn wftxæh hltrh 8==== ht >===== AK, Cn g`ljxrntf`l 2 dh cn g`k}`wnlth Afc`kætrnjh whrn wftxæh hltrh >===== ht 2===== AK, Ht nflwf dh wxfth, Ghw

¡ dægcflnfw`lw ± whr`lt hiihgtxæhw }`xr gon~xh g`k}`wnlth, Hlwxfth# l`xw rhcf`lw chw g`ljxrntf`lw hltrh hcchw nl dh i`rkhr chw wgælnrff, Xl jrnld l`kbrh n}}nrnìt# nxwwf

inxt+fc fltr`dxfrh }cxwfhxrw g`ltrnflthw d‖hgcxwf`l g`kkh }nr hhk}ch 5 g`lwfdærhr ~x‖xl i`rt afc`kætrnjh lh }hxt åtrh g`k}rfw dnlw xlh wgælnrf` g`k}rhlnlt xl jrnld l`kbrh d‖nggfdhltw# xl infbch hltrhtfhl nyhg xl tv}h dh yæofgxch }hx ræwfwtnlt, ]`xr lfr# l`xw `bthl`lw xl hlwhkbch dh wgælnrf`w ~xf d`fyhlt g`xyrfr nx kfhx ch gonk} dhw }`wwfbchw

¡ }r`bnbchw ±,

G`k}cækhltw Hrznl,lhnx,irhh,ir# C‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh /gonk}w dhw }`wwfbchw&# }`wwfbchw&# ott}5hrznl,lhnx,irhh,irT``cb` NlncvwhPk`r}o`c`jf~xh,otk 7fh,ir# G`lwtrxfrh chw wgælnrf`w }nr c‖nlncvwh k`r}o`c`jf~xh nyhg ch c`jfgfhc K@R]O@C# K@R]O@C# ott}5zzz,7fh,ir cf}w`rk`r}o`c,otk >=2

C`jfgfhc dx CF]W@R 5 ott}5zzz,7fh,ircf}w`rd`zlc`ndthchgonrjhkhlt,}o}


Cn kæto`dh Dhc}of `x kæto`dh dh Dhc}ohw ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Ch l`k dh ghtth kæto`dh }r`yfhlt dx gæcïbrh @rngch dh Dhc}ohw ~xf dhynft g`kkxlf~xhr cn y`c`ltæ d‖N}`cc`l nx Ntoælfhlw, Nx dæbxt dhw nllæhw 8=# xl }rèht l`kkæ ¡ Dhc}ohw ± y`ft ch e`xr g`ldxft }nr cn Rnld G`r}`rntf`l ht w`xw ch }nrrnflnjh dh c‖Nrkæh dh c‖nfr nkærfgnflh, C‖`beht dh gh }rèht ætnft dh k`bfcfwhr chw g`llnfwwnlghw d‖h}hrtw wxr xl wxeht }rægfw, Fc w‖njfwwnft d‖`bthlfr dnlw chw inftw# xl g`lwhlwxw dnlw cn g`kkxlnxtæ d‖h}hrt nl dh }rædfrh chw jrnldhw æy`cxtf`lw hl kntfïrh d‖nrkhkhlt,

Ch k`dxw `}hrnldf hwt `}hrnldf hwt nwwhu wfk}ch 5 Fc w‖njft dh }`whr }nr ynjxhw wxgghwwfyhw# xl hlwhkbch dh ~xhwtf`lw í xl g`ccïjh d‖h}hrtw, Nl d‖v }nryhlfr# c‖ætn}h }ræncnbch g`lwfwth í wxfyrh xlh kæto`dh dfnchgtf~xh 5 Toïwh

`}flf`l dæihldxh }nr chw flyhwtfjnthxrw  Nltftoïwh  `}flf`lw g`ltrh cn toïwh dæihldxh }nr ch g`ccïjh d*h}hrtw# }xfw hll Wvltoïwh  `}flf`l g`k`rtnlt dhw æcækhltw dh cn toïwh ht dh c*nltftoïwh `rjnlfwæw dh knlfïrh gòærhlth, Wf í c*ætn}h dh cn wvltoïwh# wv ltoïwh# nxgxl g`lwhlwxw lh w‖hwt inft e`xr nc`rw `l ræfltïjrh c*hlwhkbch dhw g`ltrndfgtf`lw dnlw xl l`xyhnx ~xhwtf`llnfrh g`k}rhlnlt dh l`xyhcchw ov}`toïwhw ht nflwf dh wxfth,,, 

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh  Dæthrkflhr

c‖nyhlfr wxr xl wxeht xlfdfkhlwf`llhc,  ]r`dxfrh dhw fdæhw græntfyhw,  G`lt`xrlhr chw ¡ w}frnchw dx wfchlgh ± /}oæl`kïlhw `ö c‖flthrr`jæ h}rfkh cn kåkh `}flf`l ~xh ch jr`x}h dh }hxr d‖åtrh kfw í c‖ægnrt&,

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Xlh æ~xf}h d`ft åtrh t`xt d‖nb`rd kfwh wxr }fhd nl dh g``rd`llhr ht dh wxfyrh ch }rèht, Hlwxfth xl hlwhkbch d‖h}hrtw d`ft åtrh wæchgtf`llæ nl dh infrh }nrtf dhw ~xhwtf`llnfrhw,

Cn }rhkfïrh ynjxh dh ~xhwtf`llnfrhw g`kkhlgh, Xlh i`fw rægx}æræw# fcw i`lt c‖`beht d‖xlh nlncvwh }`xwwæh, Cn whg`ldh ynjxh dh ~xhwtf`llnfrhw g`kkhlgh, N}rïw dæ}`xfcchkhlt# c‖æ~xf}h gonrjæh dx }rèht ækht dhw g`lgcxwf`lw,

Chw i`rghw  G`lwhlwxw

rn}fdh,  Chw }nrtfgf}nltw lh w`lt }nw `bcfjæw dh wh dæ}cnghr }hrw`llhcchkhlt,  Higngh

}`xr dhw }r`bcækntf~xhw g`k}chhw,

Chw infbchwwhw  Rhcntfyh  Kæto`dh

ægohg wf chw }nrtfgf}nltw lh w`lt }nw ~xncfæw }`xr ght hhrgfgh,

flxtfch ingh nx gonljhkhltw dh }nrndfjkhw,  C‖æ~xf}h `rjnlfwntrfgh d`ft }rhldrh jnrdh í lh }nw fk}`whr w`l }`flt dh yxh,

>=7


Cn kæto`dh Dhc}of `x kæto`dh dh Dhc}ohw

Gnw }rntf~xh Ch Jrhlhcch dh c‖Hlyfr`llhkhlt hwt xl b`l hhk}ch d‖n}}cfgntf`l dh cn kæto`dh Dhc}of, Hl hiiht# fc n g`lwfwtæ í ræxlfr xl hlwhkbch d‖h}hrtw dh t`xthw lntf`lncftæw nl dh chw infrh ægonljhr wxr chw jrnldhw }r`bcækntf~xhw

k`ldfnchw hl thrkhw dh gcfknt, Ghtth ræxlf`l n }hrkfw dh khttrh í e`xr l`l xl g`lwhlwxw knfw dhw y`fhw dh }r`jrhwwf`l,

G`k}cækhltw Hrznl,lhnx,irhh,ir# Cn kæto`dh DHC]OF /flthrr`jntf`l d‖h}hrtw&# ott}5hrznl,lhnx,irhh,irT``cb`Khto`dhP DHC]OF,otk Zfaf}hdfn# Dhc}of khto`d # ott}5hl,zfaf}hdfn,`rjzfafDhc}ofPkhto`d GR@GOHK@RH Wæbnwtfhl#Kæto`dh Wæbnwtfhl# Kæto`dh Dhc}of + Dhc}of + 2==8# ott}5zzz,thgolf~xhw+fljhlfhxr,irb`ànj>=8=khto`dh+ dhc}of,otkc

>=4


Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh cn kæto`dh Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w hwt }ræwhltæh g`kkh xlh dæknrgoh wvltoætf~xh w vltoætf~xh ~xf wfkxch xlh wxfth d‖æyælhkhltw g`ldxfwnlt xl ixtxr }`wwfbch, Hcch wh i`ldh wxr dhw nlncvwhw g`lthk}`rnflhw ht dh }hrw}hgtfyhw, Ghw nlncvwhw wfkxchlt c‖ætnt dx wvwtïkh í xl k`khlt d`llæ# wh }hlgohlt wxr cn gor`l`c`jfh dhw æyælhkhltw ht g`ldxfwhlt í xlh yfwf`l dx ixtxrh }`wwfbch, @l dfwtfljxh hl inft dhx jrnldw tv}hw dh wgælnrf`w /E`xyhlhc + >667 ) J`dht + >66:& 5 + h}c`rnt`frhw 5 }nrtnlt dhw thldnlghw }nwwæhw ht }ræwhlthw ht g`ldxfwnlt í dhw ixtxrw yrnfwhkbcnbchw# + d‖nltfgf}ntf`l `x l`rkntfiw 5 g`lwtrxftw í }nrtfr d‖fknjhw ncthrlntfyhw dx ixtxr# fcw }`xrr`lt åtrh w`xonftæw `x nx g`ltrnfrh rhd`xtæw, Fcw w`lt g`lêxw dh knlfïrh rhtr`}rèhgtfyh, Ghw wgælnrf`w h}c`rnt`frhw `x d‖nltfgf}ntf`l }hxyhlt }nr nfcchxrw# whc`l ~x‖fcw }rhllhlt hl g`k}th chw æy`cxtf`lw chw }cxw }r`bnbchw `x chw }cxw htråkhw# åtrh thldnlgfhcw `x g`ltrnwtæw,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w yfwh í g`lwtrxfrh dhw rh}ræwhltntf`lw dhw ixtxrw }`wwfbchw# nflwf ~xh chw gohkflhkhltw ~xf v g`ldxfwhlt, C‖`behgtfi dh ghw rh}ræwhltntf`lw hwt dh khttrh hl æyfdhlgh chw thldnlghw c`xrdhw ht chw }`thltfhcw g`lgxrrhltfhcw dh c‖`rjnlfwntf`l,

Kfwh hl `hxyrh @l dfwtfljxh ^XNTRH TV]HW DH WGÆLNRF@W Wgælnrf` thldnlgfhc ~xf gohrgoh í fdhltfhr xl ixtxr }`wwfbch, Fc nwwxkh cn }hrknlhlgh ht cn }ræd`kflnlgh dhw thldnlghw c`xrdhw# fc hnkflh cn g`ltflxntf`l dh ghw thldnlghw dnlw c‖nyhlfr, Fc w‖n}}xfh wxr c‖htrn}`cntf`l dh thldnlghw }ræwhlthw yhrw ch ixtxr1 –chw wgælnrf`w thldnlgfhcw w‖hii`rghlt dh dhwwflhr í jrnldw trnftw dhw fknjhw dh wftxntf`lw ixtxrhw# hl w‖nttngonlt í khttrh hl æyfdhlgh chw dfyhrw gohkflhkhltw }`wwfbchw wxwgh}tfbchw d‖v g`ldxfrh‛, Wgælnrf` d‖hlgndrhkhlt ~xf yhxt dæcfkfthr c‖hw}ngh dhw ixtxrw }`wwfbchw, Fc nwwxrh cn }hrknlhlgh ht cn }ræd`kflnlgh dh ghrtnflhw thldnlghw c`xrdhw /}rfyfcæjfæhw&# fc inft ynrfhr dh inê`l htråkh chw ov}`toïwhw g`lghrlnlt c‖æy`cxtf`l dh ghw thldnlghw, Wgælnrf` l`kflntfi ~xf gohrgoh í }r`dxfrh xlh fknjh d‖xl ixtxr }`wwfbch ht w`xonftnbch, Fc nwwxkh ~xh c‖`l }hxt dæthrkflhr t`xt d‖nb`rd xl hlwhkbch d‖`behgtfiw í ræncfwhr# fc inft cn wvltoïwh dh ghw `behgtfiw ht rhcfh ghtth fknjh dx ixtxr nx }ræwhlt }nr xl gohkflhkhlt }cnxwfbch, Wgælnrf` g`ltrnwtæ ~xf hw~xfwwh xl ixtxr w`xonftnbch í cn ir`ltfïrh dhw }`wwfbchw, Fc nwwxkh ~xh c‖`l }hxt dæthrkflhr t`xt d‖nb`rd xl hlwhkbch d‖`behgtfiw dh ræiærhlgh# fc inft cn wvltoïwh dh ghw `behgtfiw ht rhcfh ghtth fknjh dx ixtxr nx }ræwhlt }nr xl gohkflhkhlt }cnxwfbch, •

•

•

•

Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w hwt w`xkfwh nx ætn}hw wxfynlthw5 ¡ > G@LWTRXGTF@L DH CN BNWH5 fc w‖njft fgf dh g`lwfdærhr c‖ætnt dx wvwtïkh ngtxhc# chw ynrfnbchw gcæw /nlncvwh wtrxgtxrhcch& ht chw hlehx wtrntæjf~xhw /nlncvwh wtrntæjf~xh&, 2 BNCNVNJH DX GONK] DHW ]@WWFBCHW5 xlh i`fw chw ynrfnbchw ht chw wtrntæjfhw fdhltfæhw# fc w‖njft dh infrh ynrfhr dhw ehx d‖ov}`toïwhw hl rhthlnlt chw dfkhlwf`lw ht g`ljxrntf`lw chw }cxw }r`bnbchw /nlncvwh

>=8

k`r}o`c`jf~xh&, Ghw ehx d‖ov}`toïwhw whr`lt w`xkfw# dxrnlt cn }onwh d‖n}}r`}rfntf`l  yncfdntf`l# í dhw h}hrtw htærfhxrw nx jr`x}h, 7 ÆCNB@RNTF@L DH WGÆLNRF@W5 chw dhx ætn}hw }rægædhlthw l`xw ìirhlt xlh bnwh w`cfdh }`xr c‖æcnb`rntf`l dh wgælnrf`w wxr c‖`rjnlfwntf`l dhw dfw}`wftfiw dh i`rkntf`l ht d‖hlwhfjlhkhlt hl 2=>=, Ghw



wgælnrf`w whr`lt w`xkfw í c‖fwwxh dh cn }rhkfïrh }onwh# í dhw h}hrtw htærfhxrw,± htærfhxrw, ±

NTTFTXDHW INGH Í C‖NYHLFR, Kfgohc J`dht dfwtfljxh dhx tv}hw d‖nttftxdhw ingh í c‖nyhlfr5 • –Xlh nttftxdh }rægntfyh5 g`kkh c‖nwwxrhxr ~xf wh }ræ}nrh nx gonljhkhltw }ræyfwfbchw gnr fc wnft ~xh cn

ræ}nrntf`l g`ñth }cxw gohr ~xh cn }ræyhltf`l‛# • Xlh nttftxdh }r`ngtfyh5 g`kkh ch g`lw}frnthxr ~xf njft }`xr }r`y`~xhr chw gonljhkhltw w`xonftæw‛ /J`dht

K,# >66:# }, 6&, Cn }r`jrhwwf`l dnlw cn g`lwtrxgtf`l dhw wgælnrf`w dh }r`w}hgtfyh }hxt wh ræwxkhr í trnyhrw ch wgoækn wxfynlt5

]onw ]o nwhh dh cn dæ dækn knrg rgoh oh Tv} v}hh dh Nttftxdhw wgælnrf` ]onwh > 5 H}c`rntf`l Thldnlgfhc ]rængtfyh

]r`bnbfcftæ

Yfwf`l

]hx }r`bnbch

]onwh > 5 H}c`rntf`l

]rængtfyh

]hx }r`bnbch

]r`ngtfyh

]r`bnbch

Htrn}`cntf`l dx }ræwhlt yhrw ch ixtxr N l tft f gf g f }n } n t f` f` l # chw gohkflw í dæthrkflhr nx }ræwhlt }`xr nrrfyhr nx ixtxr Nltfgf}ntf`l }n }nr c‖ngtf`l

G ` l tr n w tæ

]onwh 2 ) 7 5 Dh ræiærhlgh N}}r`}rfntf`lYncfdntf`l ht }cnlfgntf`l

Ghw }rhkfhrw wgælnrf`w whr`lt hlwxfth /dnlw chw }onwhw 2 ht 7 dh l`trh dæknrgoh& w`xkfw í c‖æ}rhxyh dh c‖ftærntf`l1 chw ehx d‖ov}`toïwhw ht wgælnrf`w wg ælnrf`w g`ltrnwtæw dhw }rhkfïrhw rhlg`ltrhw whr`lt w`xkfw í dhw h}hrtw flthrlntf`lnx, Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w }nr ftærntf`l g`lwfwthrn nc`rw í }rhldrh hl g`k}th chw g`lgcxwf`lw dhw h}hrtw ~xf wh rhg`x}hlt, Ghw g`lgcxwf`lw nflwf ~xh chw yncfdntf`lw nx ~x`tfdfhl# }hrkhttr`lt dh dælfr

dhw wgælnrf`w dh ræiærhlgh, Kntrfgh d‖nfdh nx go`f dhw wgælnrf`w /ægohcch dh +>= í !>= nyhg dhw }nw dh 8&

Wgælnrf` > Wgælnrf` 2 Wgælnrf` 7

>=9

Hyhltxncftæ > /h 5 Hyhltxncftæ 2 Hyhltxncftæ 7 /h 5 tv}h dh }r`dxft& /h 5 g`ñt dh dnth dh }ærhk}tf`l& }r`dxgtf`l& >= 8 +8 8 +> = 8 >= >= 8

W`kkh dhw wg`rhw }nr wgælnrf`w >= = 28



Cn g`lwtrxgtf`l dh bnwh hwt i`ldnkhltnch dnlw cn g`lwtrxgtf`l dx wgælnrf`, Hcch g`lwfwth í g`lwtrxfrh xl hlwhkbch dh rh}ræwhltntf`lw dh c‖ætnt ngtxhc dx wvwtïkh g`lwtftxæ }nr c‖`rjnlfwntf`l ht w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt, Ghtth bnwh hwt c‖h}rhwwf`l d‖xl wvwtïkh d‖æcækhltw dvlnkf~xhw cfæw hltrh hx# ht `ö ch wvwtïkh cxf+kåkh hwt cfæ í w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt htærfhxr, Ch }r`ghwwxw5 > dæcfkfthr ch wvwtïkh ht w`l hlyfr`llhkhlt# 2 dæthrkflhr chw ynrfnbchw kflhxrhw ht knehxrhw /hwwhltfhcchw&# 7 nlncvwhr cn wtrntæjfh dhw ngthxrw, C‖nlncvwh wtrxgtxrhcch wh ræyïch åtrh xl `xtfc gcnwwf~xhkhlt xtfcfwæ }`xr ræncfwhr c‖ætn}h >, Xlh i`fw chw ynrfnbchw fdhltfæhw# `l ræncfwhrn xlh ætxdh rætr`w}hgtfyh n}}rì`ldfh /nyhg dhw gofiirhw ht dhw jrn}of~xhw&, Ghtth ætxdh

æyfth dh }rfyfcæjfhr cn wftxntf`l ngtxhcch ~xh c‖`l n t`xe`xrw thldnlgh í jælærncfwhr }`xr ch ixtxr, C‖nlncvwh dhw thldnlghw }nwwæhw hwt hl hiiht ræyæcntrfgh dh cn dvlnkf~xh d‖æy`cxtf`l dx wvwtïkh ht l`tnkkhlt dx rôch }cxw `x k`flw k`thxr `x irhfl ~xh }hxyhlt e`xhr ghrtnflw ngthxrw, Ghw ngthxrw d`fyhlt åtrh dælfw hl i`lgtf`l dh

chxrw `behgtfiw# }r`bcïkhw ht k`vhlw d‖ngtf`lw, Fc inxt hlwxfth hnkflhr g`kkhlt wh }`wftf`llhlt ghw ngthxrw chw xlw }nr rn}}`rt nx nxtrhw, N ghtth l `l g`lwtrxft xl tnbchnx dh wtrntæjfh dhw ngthxrw, ]`xr nlncvwhr gh

ehx# `l inft n}}hc í cn kæto`dh Kngt`r /}`xr cn dhwgrf}tf`l dh c‖nlncvwh wtrxgtxrhcch ht dh cn kæto`dh Kngt`r# y`fr J`dht# >66:&

Chw i`rghw  Cn

kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w l‖hwt }nw jæh knfw k`dxcnbch ht æy`cxtfyh,

 ]rfwh

>=:

hl g`k}th dx rfw~xh 5 xlh ngtf`l nyhg xlh k`vhllh æchyæh knfw xl i`rt ægnrt tv}h }`xynlt nflwf åtrh g`lwfdæræh g`kkh rfw~xæh,



Chw infbchwwhw  Hcch

læghwwfth c‖xtfcfwntf`l d‖nxtrhw kæto`dhw dh }r`w}hgtfyh }`xr åtrh hiihgtfyh,  Hcch }hxt åtrh xtfcfwæ g`kkh thgolf~xh d‖n}}`flt nx kåkh tftrh ~xh ch brnflwt`rkflj `x c‖fltxftf`l i`rgæh, Hcch l‖n nxgxlh }ræthltf`l wgfhltf~xh,

Gnw }rntf~xh Y`fgf xlh kæto`dh dhw wghlnrf`w dæyhc`}}æh dnlw ch gndrh d‖xl gnw gtfi d‖Flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh wxr chw

}`wwfbfcftæw dh rhtrnft dh Gnrrhi`xr dnlw chw }nvw d‖Nkærf~xh Cntflh ht d‖Nwfh, ^x‖fc w‖njfwwh d‖ngthxrw# dh ingthxrw æg`l`kf~xhw `x nxtrhw# dh l`kbrhxwhw g`k}`wnlthw w‖ìirnfhlt í l`trh dæknrgoh }`xr l`xw }hrkhttrh dh i`rkncfwhr }cxwfhxrw wgælnrf`w, Gh}hldnlt# }nrkf ght hlwhkbch bfhl i`xrlf# fc n ætæ dægfdæ dh w‖nhr hwwhltfhcchkhlt wxr chw }nvw ~xf g`lghrlnfhlt l`trh }r`bcækntf~xh, C‖hlwhkbch dhw wgælnrf`w hwt d`lg næ nxt`xr dx rhtrnft ixtxr }`wwfbch# `x l`l# dh Gnrrhi`xr dnlw gongxl dh ghw }nvw,

Fc n d`lg ætæ }`wwfbch dh }r`}`whr xl hlwhkbch dh wgælnrf`w nx gohkflw dfiiærhltw 5 dx rnfw`llhkhlt bflnfrh /Gnrrhi`xr wh rhtfrh dh t`xw chw }nvw `x fc rhwth dnlw gongxl d‖hltrh hx& nx wgælnrf`w chw }cxw ncænt`frhw rhjr`x}nlt chw }nvw }nr jrnldh u`lh jæ`jrn}of~xh `x l`l, Nx lnc# wxr xl hlwhkbch dh 72 wgælnrf`w

}`wwfbchw# l`xw rhthl`lw fgf 8 wgælnrf`w ~x‖fc n ætæ læghwwnfrh d‖nlncvwhr yfn dfiiærhltw grftïrhw, ]`xr gongxl dhw wgælnrf`w rhthlxw# l`xw ny`lw d`lg dægfdæ dh chw g`k}nrhr g `k}nrhr }nr rn}}`rt í dhx æyhltxncftæw# ~xf g`lghrlhlt dfrhgthkhlt c‖nyhlfr dh cn gcfhlth ht dh w`l fltæråt `x l`l dh rhwthr }ræwhlth dnlw c‖ngtf`llnrfnt dh Gnrrhi`xr,

>=?



Hyhltxncftæ l½>

Nxjkhltntf`l dx }rf dh c‖ngtf`l

Wgælnrf` > Wgælnrf` 2 Wgælnrf` 7 Wgælnrf` 4 Wgælnrf` 8

>= >= 8 = >=

Hyhltxncftæ l½2 Nxjkhltntf`l

W`kkh dhw wg`rhw }nr

dhw dfyfdhldhw

wgælnrf`w

8 +>= +8 = +8

>8 = = = 8

Fc n d`lg ætæ nlncvwæ }`xr gon~xh wgælnrf`# ~xhc whrnft c‖fk}ngt ‗ wxr xlh }ærf`dh dh 7 nlw ‗ dh gh dhrlfhr í cn i`fw wxr ch }rf dh c‖ngtf`l knfw æjnchkhlt wxr chw dfyfdhldhw ~xh }`xrrnft hljhldrhr ch rhtrnft `x l`l dh Gnrrhi`xr dnlw ghw dfiiærhltw }nvw, G`lghrlnlt ch wg`rh dh gongxlh dhw æyhltxncftæw# fc n ætæ dægfdæ dh jnrdhr xlh ægohcch dh +>= í >= nyhg xl }nw dh 8, Wxfth í c‖nddftf`l dhw wg`rhw }`xr gon~xh wgælnrf`# fc hwt d`lg }`wwfbch dh chw dfw}`whr yfwxhcchkhlt nl

dh infrh rhww`rtfr dhw thldnlghw, Ch rfw~xh /nbwgfwwhw& ætnlt n}}rægfæ }nr c‖æ~xf}h dh c‖ætxdh wxr dhw inftw d‖ngtxncftæ ht }nr rn}}`rt í cn wtrntæjfh ht nx g`lthth ngtxhcw dx jr`x}h Gnrrhi`xr# ch wg`rh /`rd`llæhw& g`rrhw}`ldnlt í cn w`kkh dhw wg`rhw dh cn jxrh }rægædhlth, ]cxw ch wg`rh hwt }`wftfi# }cxw ch wgælnrf` hwt

iny`rnbch }`xr c‖ngtf`llnfrh 1 }cxw ch wgælnrf` hwt }r`goh dh uær`# }cxw ch wgælnrf` whkbch åtrh lhxtrh dnlw w`l }`wwfbch fk}ngt,

Bfcnl dh cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w ^xh rhthlfr dh ghtth kæto`dh }nr rn}}`rt í c‖nyhlfr dh c‖ngtf`llnfrh dnlw ch jr`x}h Gnrrhi`xr 0

>=6

T`xt d‖nb`rd# bfhl ~x‖fc w‖njfwwh dh wgælnrf`w dfiiærhltw dnlw chxr dær`xchkhlt /rhtrnft t`tnc# rhtrnft lxc# wftxntf`lw dfyhrwhw&# cn w`kkh dhw wg`rhw hwt t`xe`xrw æjnch í uær` `x }`wftfi, N l`thr d`lg ~x‖nxgxl wgælnrf` lh whkbch ny`fr xl fk}ngt jc`bnc }`wwfbch læjntfi }`xr c‖ngtf`llnfrh ~xnlt nx inft dh jnrdhr c‖hlwhkbch dh whw ngtf`lw gohu Gnrrhi`xr,


Cn kæto`dh dhw wgælnrf`w Gh}hldnlt# }nrkf chw wgælnrf`w í cn w`kkh dh wg`rhw æjnch í = /wgælnrf` '2 '7 '4&# fc hwt fk}`rtnlt dh l`thr ~xh ch rfw~xh ~xnlt í cxf l‖hwt enknfw infbch, Fc w‖njft d`lg fgf dh rhcntfyfwhr c‖fk}ngt lhxtrh }`wwfbch dh ghw wgælnrf`w dnlw ch ixtxr dh c‖ngtf`llnfrh, Hll# g`lghrlnlt chw dhx dhrlfhrw wgælnrf`w /rhtrnfw }nrtfhc wnlw }`xr nxtnlt ~xftthr í cn i`fw cn Goflh HT ch

Bræwfc&# ch rfw~xh dh y`fr c‖fk}ngt dh ghw wgælnrf`w inxwwæ whkbch bfhl }cxw infbch, Chw dhx wgælnrf`w chw }cxw w`xonftnbchw w`lt d`lg chw wgælnrf`w '> ht '8 nyhg xlh lhtth }ræiærhlgh ht xl rfw~xh ~xnwf lxc }`xr ch wgælnrf` '>, Wgælnrf` g`rrhw}`ldnlt nx rhtrnft dh c‖hlwhkbch dhw }nvw hl dho`rw dh cn Goflh ht dx Bræwfc# w`fhlt# chw dhx }nvw nx }nwwæ ht nx }`thltfhc æg`l`kf~xhw chw }cxw fltærhwwnltw,

G`k}cækhltw Cfyrhw ht d`gxkhltw J@DHT Kfgohc# GON]XV ],# G@KVL J,# Wgælnrf`w jc`bnx í c‖o`rfu`l 2=== + 2=== + Trnynx ht Rhgohrgohw dh ]r`w}hgtfyh#>668 J@DHT Kfgohc# Knlxhc dh }r`w}hgtfyh }r`w}hgtfy h wtrntæjf~xh /T`kh > 5 Xlh Fldfwgf}cflh flthcchgtxhcch 1 T`kh T`kh 2 5 C‖Nrt ht cn kæto`dh& + Dxl`d# 2==> J@DHT Kfgohc# K@LTF R,# KHXLFHR I,# R@XBHCNT I,# Cn b`ìth í `xtfcw dh }r`w}hgtfyh wtrntæjf~xh+ wtrntæjf~xh + Gnofhrw dx Cf}w# l½8# 7h ædftf`l# >66? J@DHT Kfgohc# R@XBHCNT I,# ]r`w}hgtfyh dh cn }r`w}hgtfyh d‖hltrh}rfwh + Rhyxh Irnlênfwh dh Jhwtf`l# l½>==# >664 E@XYHLHC O,# Wxr cn kæto`dh }r`w}hgtfyh 5 xl brhi jxfdh kæto`d`c`jf~xh+ kæto`d`c`jf~xh + Ixtxrfbchw# l½>:6# >667

>>=


Kflflj# ræwhnx w`gfnx ) yfwxncfwntf`l dh d`llæhw

Ch dntn kflflj hwt dhyhlx xlh læghwwftæ }`xr chw hltrh}rfwhw, Yhfcch# d`llæhw lnlgfïrhw `x x thgo + lf~xhw5 cn }rìxwf`l d‖fli`rkntf`lw lh ghwwh dh w‖nk}cfhr, Nyhg hcchw# gh w`lt nxtnlt d‖`xtfcw ~x‖fc inxt

g`llnìtrh + ht knìtrfwhr + }`xr htrnfrh l`l whxchkhlt c‖fli`rkntf`l xtfch nx b`l k`khlt# knfw æjnchkhlt }r`dxfrh xlh ynchxr ne`xtæh t`xe`xrw }cxw jrnldh d‖fli`rkntf`lw wxr c‖fli`rkntf`l,,, í dhw g`ñtw k`fldrh, Chw bnwhw dh d`llæhw w`lt nc`rw dhyhlxhw dhw bnwhw dh g`llnfwwnlghw, Wh g`llnìtrh }`xr kfhx g`llnìtrh gh ~xf l`xw hlt`xrh, @x hl åtrh exwth gn}nbch. @x hlg`rh# }cxw wfk}chkhlt wh g`llnìtrh }`xr ncchr nx+dhcí dh l`w onbftxdhw5 ch knlnjhkhlt dh c‖fli`rkntf`l lh }hxt wh }nwwhr dh c‖h}c`rntf`l ht c‖h}c`ftntf`l dhw d`llæhw,


Jælærncftæw wxr chw `}ærntf`lw dh ¡kflflj± C‖ngtfyftæ dh kflflj g`lwfwth nx rhgxhfc d‖fli`rkntf`lw wxr xl hlwhkbch dh d`llæhw wtrxgtxræhw `x l`l, Ghw fli`rkntf`lw dhyfhllhlt w`ft dhw kætn+fli`rkntf`lw }`xr ch rhgxhfc dh d`llæhw flftfnc# w`ft xl l`xyhc hlwhkbch dh d`llæhw }`xr c‖nlncvwh, Ghcch+gf }hxt wh infrh wxr cn bnwh d‖`xtfcw dh wtntfwtf~xhw `x d‖nlncvwhw cfljxfwtf~xhw ht æk`tf`llhcchw, Fc hfwth tr`fw jrnldw tv}hw dh }rntf~xhw nxt`xr dx kflflj 5 • • •

dntn kflflj /d`llæhw jælærnchw# w`xyhlt lnlgfïrh `x dh cn }r`dxgtf`l&

zhb kflflj /d`llæhw htrnfthw d‖Flthrlht `x xtfcfwnlt chw thgol`c`jfhw d‖Flthrlht& tht kflflj /d`llæhw htrnfthw d‖xlh bnwh dh ththw&

]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc Gh d`knflh dh rhgohrgoh rhgohrgoh hwt n}}nrx dnlw chw nllæhw 6=, Wftxæ í c‖flthrwhgtf`l dh }cxwfhxrw dfwgf}cflhw# wtntfwtf~xh# htrngtf`l dh g`llnfwwnlgh í }nrtfr dhw d`llæhw ht flthccfjhlgh nrtfgfhcch /NF&# ch thrkh n ætæ xtfcfwæ }cxw w}ægf~xhkhlt }nr chw wtntfwtfgfhlw ht nlncvwthw dnlw ch gndrh dx knlnjhkhlt dhw wvwtïkhw

fli`rkntf~xhw, Htnlt xl d`knflh rhcntfyhkhlt l`xyhnx# fc v n xlh dfyhrwftæ thrkfl`c`jf~xh ht xlh ynrfnbfcftæ wæknltf~xh ~xf rhldhlt }rhw~xh fk}`wwfbch c‖hfwthlgh d‖xlh dælftf`l cnrjhkhlt nggh}tæh, ]`xr ch bhw`fl dh ghtth goh# l`xw xtfcfwhr`lw cn dælftf`l i`xrlfh cn Zfaf}ædfn 5

Ch dntn kflflj hwt ch }r`ghwwxw dh rhgohrgoh nxt`kntf~xh dhw k`dïchw dnlw chw jrnldw dæ}ôtw dh d`llæhw, Ch ¡ dntn kflflj hwt Qnflwf[ ch }r`ghwwxw dh dæg`xyhrth dhw g`llnfwwnlghw wfjlfgntfyhw í }nrtfr dh jrnldhw

~xnltftæw dhw d`llhw wt`gaæhw hl bnwh dh d`llæhw# dæ}ôtw dh d`llæhw `x nxtrhw k`vhlw dh wt`ganjh ± /Onl# 2==>&, Ch dntn kflflj rhjr`x}h dhw thgolf~xhw ht kæto`dhw fwwxhw dx d`knflh dhw wtntfwtf~xhw# dhw kntoækntf~xhw ht dh c‖fli`rkntf~xh# }hrkhttnlt c‖htrngtf`l# í }nrtfr d‖xl fk}`rtnlt y`cxkh y`c xkh dh d`llæhw brxthw# dh g`llnfwwnlghw `rfjflnchw nx}nrnynlt flg`llxhw, Fc w‖njft dh ¡ i`xfcchw ± yfwnlt í dæg`xyrfr ¡ c‖fli`rkntf`l gngoæh ± ~xh chw d`llæhw rhlihrkhlt, Ghw kætn+fli`rkntf`lw w`lt }r`dxfthw }nr nww`gfntf`lw# thldnlghw# rhcntf`lw `x nlncvwh dh ræjxcnrftæ, Ch Al`zchdjh Dfwg`yhrv fl Dntnbnwhw /ADD& hwt }nrhlt dx Dntnkflflj }nr wn dælftf`l 5 dæg`xyhrth dh

g`llnfwwnlghw hl bnwh dh d`llæhw, Dhw nxthxrw g`kkh Invvnrd X,# ]fnthtwav ‗ Won}fr`, J,# Wkvto ],# dnlw chxr cfyrh ¡ Ir`k dntn kflflj t` Al`zchdjh dfwg`yhrv fl dntnbnwhw ±# dælfwwhlt ch ADD g`kkh xl ¡ }r`ghwwxw l`l trfyfnc d‖fdhltfgntf`l dhw k`dïchw yncfdhw# l`xyhnx# }`thltfhcchkhlt xtfchw ht# lnchkhlt flthccfjfbchw dnlw chw d`llæhw ±, L`xw yhrr`lw }cxw w}ægf~xhkhlt ghw g`lgh}tw hl n}}cfgntf`l dnlw chw }nrtfhw wxfynlthw,

Ch k`t ¡ }ntthrl ± /k`dïch& hwt xtfcfwæ }`xr infrh ræiærhlgh nx k`dïchw dh d`llæhw dæg`xyhrthw hl khttnlt hl }cngh dhw g`kbflnfw`lw ht dhw rhcntf`lw hltrh chw d`llæhw brxthw, ]nr c‖flthr}rætntf`l ht c‖æyncxntf`l dhw ¡ }ntthrlw ± `l `btfhlt dhw g`llnfwwnlghw ~xf }`xrrnfhlt åtrh hljc`bæhw dnlw xl wvwtïkh dh wx}}`rt nx }r`ghwwxw dægfwf`llhc,

>>2


Jælærncftæw wxr chw `}ærntf`lw dh ¡kflflj±

Ifj, >, Chw ætn}hw dx }r`ghwwxw ADD ‗ Dntn Kflflj# G`lgh}tw nld Thgolf~xhw / Efnyhf Onl nld Kfgohcflh Ankbhr& Dnlw ch d`gxkhlt Dntn Kflflj# G`lgh}tw nld Thgolf~xhw# Efnyhf Onl nld Kfgohcflh Ankbhr l`xw cfyrhlt chw ætn}hw gcæw }`xr g`k}rhldrh ghtth dæknrgoh 5 >, lhtt`vnjh dhw d`llæhw /}`xr æcfkflhr ch brxft ht c‖flg`k}ntfbfcftæ dh ghrtnflhw d`llæhw&# 2, fltæjrntf`l dh d`llæhw /`ö dh kxctf}chw w`xrghw dh d`llæhw }hxyhlt åtrh g`kbflæhw& 7, chw d`llæhw dh wæchgtf`l /c`rw~xh chw d`llæhw }hrtflhlthw í cn tâgoh d‖nlncvwh w`lt htrnfthw dh cn bnwh dh d`llæhw&# 4, trnlwi`rkntf`l dhw d`llæhw /`ö chw d`llæhw w`lt trnlwi`rkæhw `x ¡ g`lw`cfdæhw ± dnlw dhw i`rkhw ndn}tæhw nx fldxwtrfhw htrngtfyhw hl hiihgtxnlt dhw `}ærntf`lw d‖njræjntf`l `x dh wvltoïwh }nr hhk}ch&# 8, dntn kflflj g`kkh htrngtf`l hl tnlt ~xh thc# }nr xl }r`ghwwxw hwwhltfhc `ö chw kæto`dhw flthccfjhlthw w`lt n}}cf~xæhw# 9, æyncxntf`l d‖xl k`dïch# nyhg xlh kfwh hl æyfdhlgh dhw ræwxctntw ht dh chxr }hrtflhlgh# :, }ræwhltntf`l dh cn g`llnfwwnlgh }r`dxfth# }råth í cn dfiixwf`l /`ö chw thgolf~xhw dh yfwxncfwntf`l ht dh rh}ræwhltntf`l dhw g`llnfwwnlghw w`lt xtfcfwæhw }`xr }ræwhlthr chw g`llnfwwnlghw ¡ kflæhw ± í c‖xtfcfwnthxr&, Chw ætn}hw > í 4 w`lt dhw i`rkhw dfiiærhlthw dh trnfthkhlt dh d`llæhw# `ö hcchw w`lt }ræ}nræhw }`xr c‖h}c`ftntf`l, Chw k`dïchw fltærhwwnltw w`lt }ræwhltæw í c‖xtfcfwnthxr ht }hxyhlt åtrh wt`gaæhw w`xw i`rkh dh l`xyhcchw g`llnfwwnlghw dnlw xlh l`xyhcch bnwh dh g`llnfwwnlghw, Ch dntnkflflj g`k}rhldrn nc`rw xlh i`rkh hl thk}w ræhc# nyhg xlh h}c`ftntf`l jælærnchkhlt jrn}of~xh# ht xlh }nrtfh dh }r`dxgtf`l flthrkædfnfrh, C‖æyncxntf`l hwt }nr g`lwæ~xhlt xlh ætn}h hwwhltfhcch# gnr hcch }hrkht xlh gn}ftncfwntf`l í cn i`fw }hrtflhlth ht exwth dhw d`llæhw nflwf g`cchgtæhw `x }r`dxfthw,

Cn thrkfl`c`jfh xtfcfwæh >>7

Dntn bnwh# dntn znrho`xwh `x dæ}ôt d‖fli`rkntf`l d‖f li`rkntf`l 5 hlwhkbch dh d`llæhw `rd`llæhw# d`lt ch tv}h tv} h hwt `x l`l oætær`jïlh,



Al`zchdjh bnwh 5 c‖hltrh}ôt dh g`llnfwwnlghw d‖xl d`knflh ~xf whryfr`lt nfdhr í }`xr cn rhgohrgoh `x c‖æyncxntf`l dhw k`dïchw, Ghw g`llnfwwnlghw }hxyhlt flgcxrh dhw ofærnrgofhw dh g`lgh}tw# xtfcfwæhw }`xr `rjnlfwhr dfiiærhltw lfyhnx d‖nbwtrngtf`l, Chw g`llnfwwnlghw thcchw ~xh chw gr`vnlghw dhw xtfcfwnthxrw }hxyhlt åtrh xtfcfwæhw }`xr æyncxhr xl k`dïch hl i`lgtf`l dh w`l gnrngtïrh /fl&ntthldx, Dntn kflflj hljflh# n}}hcæ æjnchkhlt ¡ k`thxr ± hwt ch gŗxr dx wvwtïkh, Fc wh g`k}`wh fdænchkhlt d‖xl hlwhkbch dh k`dxchw i`lgtf`llhcw }`xr dhw tâgohw thcchw ~xh cn gnrngtærfwntf`l# d‖nww`gfntf`l ht c‖nlncvwh dh g`rræcntf`l# dh gcnwwfgntf`l# dh }ræyfwf`l# c‖nlncvwh tv}`c`jf~xh# c‖nlncvwh dhw ynchxrw nbhrrnlthw ht nlncvwh

dh c‖æy`cxtf`l, Xlh dh whw }rflgf}nchw g`k}`wnlth hwt ch ]ntthrl hyncxntf`l k`dxch /`x k`dxch d‖æyncxntf`l dx k`dïch&, Gh g`k}`wnlt }hrkht l`tnkkhlt dhw b`xgchw dh rætr`ngtf`l dnlw xl wvwtïkh d`llæ }`xr infrh g`rrhw}`ldrh nx kfhx chw k`dïchw dh rhgohrgoh ht d‖htrngtf`l nx d`llæhw }ræwhlthw, G`kkxl í c‖hlwhkbch dhw wvwtïkhw lxkærf~xhw ht thgolf~xhw# c‖Xwhr flthringh /flthringh xtfcfwnthxr& }hrkht c‖flthrngtf`l hltrh ch wvwtïkh dnlw w`l hlwhkbch ht c‖xtfcfwnthxr oxknfl,

Chw kæto`dhw dh wt`ganjh xtfcfwæhw g`xrnkkhlt Chw d`llæhw w`lt jælærnchkhlt dnlw dhw bnwhw dh d`llæhw# w`xw i`rkh d‖xlh bnwh `ö chw tnbchw g`ltfhllhlt dhw cfjlhw# hcch+kåkh g`k}`wæhw dh dfiiærhlthw g`c`llhw, C‖hlwhkbch }hxt åtrh rh}ræwhltæ g`kkh xl tnbchxr gcnwwf~xh 5  cn bnwh whrnft ch gofhr#  cn

tnbch whrnft cn ihxfcch#  chw cfjlhw ht chw g`c`llhw i`rkhlt í chxr gr`fwhkhlt xlh kxctftxdh dh ghccxchw# ~xf g`ltfhldrnfhlt gongxlh xlh d`llæh d‖xl tv}h }rægfw, ]`xrtnlt# xlh nxtrh kæto`dh hfwth ht }rhld xlh }nrt dh }cxw hl }cxw fk}`rtnlth, Ch _KC /h_thldhd Knrax} Cnljnjh& }hrkht# }nr w`l i`lgtf`llhkhlt# xlh jrnldh rfgohwwh d‖`rjnlfwntf`l, Chw d`llæhw lh w`lt }cxw w`xw i`rkhw tnbxcnfrh knfw d‖oærftnjh, Ch bncfwnjh dh gon~xh d`llæh hwt oærftæ dh w`l }nrhlt ht g`ldftf`llæ }nr wgoækn n}}hcæ DWDC /D`gxkhlt Wgohkn Dhlftf`l Cnljxnjh& 1 ch }cxw g`llx ætnlt xl DTD /D`gxkhlt Tv}h Dhlftf`l& xtfcfwæ }`xr cn yncfdntf`l

d‖xl cnljnjh oærftæ ht g`kkxl nx Zhb 5 ch OTKC, ]`xr l`xw rh}ræwhlthr ghtth `rjnlfwntf`l# c‖nrbrh jælænc`jf~xh l`xw nfdh, Gon~xh d`llæh hwt }nrhlth d‖xlh g`xgoh wx}ærfhxrh# cn }rhkfïrh ¡ g`lthlnlt ± chw wxfynlthw, Cn d`llæh V ht U whr`lt nflwf hlinltw dh _ knfw l`l N# ht B g`ltfhldrn N ht _ 5  B `

_  V  U

`

N

Gon~xh flthrwhgtf`l hltrh }nrhlt ht hlinlt hwt l`kkæ lŗxd ht d`llh chw dæ}hldnlghw, Ch _KC }rægfwh nxwwf ~xh gon~xh d`llæh tfrh whw kætn+fli`rkntf`lw dx DWDC# knfw æjnchkhlt dh whw }r`}rhw }nrnkïtrhw dh bncfwh, Ghtth cfbhrtæ d‖`rjnlfwntf`l }hrkht xlh rfgohwwh flgr`vnbch ht whrt tnlt dnlw ch wt`ganjh ~xh ch }nrtnjh d‖fli`rkntf`lw, C‖hhk}ch d‖xl x ¡ RWW ± hwt njrnlt, >>4



Bxt dh cn kæto`dh Dx inft d‖xlh `xyhrtxrh }cxw fk}`rtnlth dhw ir`ltfïrhw hltrh c‖hltrh}rfwh ht whw }nrthlnfrhw# d‖xl g`lthth g`lgxrrhltfhc dfigfch# dh gvgchw }r`dxftw dh }cxw hl }cxw g`xrtw# chw `rjnlfwntf`lw `lt bhw`fl d‖xlh }cxw jrnldh

yfwfbfcftæ wxr chxr hlyfr`llhkhlt, Whryfghw dh yhfcch# g`kkhrgfnx# knrahtflj `x dh R)D w`lt dh jrnldw g`lw`kknthxrw d‖fli`rkntf`lw ht hl }r`dxfwhlt t`xt nxtnlt, C‖hltrh}rfwh# ~xf wh d`th d‖xl `xtfc dh dntnkflflj }`xr jærhr ghw x hltrnltw ht w`rtnltw# dfw}`whrn d‖xlh g`llnfwwnlgh dh ghw dhrlfhrw ~xf w‖nilhrn nyhg ch thk}w, Ch dntn kflflj hwt d`lg gcnfrhkhlt xl dhw `xtfcw

}`xynlt nfdhr í cn }rfwh dh dægfwf`l,

Gnw }rntf~xhw Wnxi khltf`l g`ltrnfrh# chw hhk}chw w`lt tfræw dhw trnynx dx wfth dx Ghltrh dh Rhww`xrgh hl Hg`l`kfh+Jhwtf`l dh c‖Ngndækfh dh Yhrwnfcchw>, Dhcc

]r`bcïkh 5 8=( dhw gcfhltw dh Dhcc ngoïthlt chxrw kngoflhw í trnyhrw ch wfth zhb, Knfw whxchkhlt =#8 ( dhw yfwfthxrw dx wfth dhyfhllhlt gcfhltw,/Cn knrjh dh }r`jrhwwf`l hwt trïw fk}`rtnlth wxr gh gnlnc,& W`cxtf`l 5 Wt`gahr chw wæ~xhlghw dh ¡ gcfgaw ± dhw yfwfthxrw# nlncvwhr chw gnrngtærfwtf~xhw dhw ngohthxrw ht# c`rw dh cn yfwfth d‖xl gcfhlt }`thltfhc# ndn}thr ch g`lthlx dx wfth }`xr knfkfwhr cn }r`bnbfcftæ d‖xl ngont,

Nknu`l @}}`rtxlftæ 5 cn cfwth dhw ngontw dhw gcfhltw hwt wt`gaæh hl kæk`frh ht }nr nfcchxrw# chw xtfcfwnthxrw dx wfth l`thlt chw }r`dxftw . G`kkhlt tfrhr }r`t dhw go`f d‖xl xtfcfwnthxr }`xr }r`}`whr dhw }r`dxftw n xl nxtrh gcfhlt 0 W`cxtf`lw 5 thgolf~xh dft dh ctrnjh g`ccnb`rntfi }hrkhttnlt dh rhjr`x}hr dhw gcfhltw nvnlt chw kåkhw ¡ j`ñtw

±,

Ch knrahtflj dfrhgt í cn wnxgh DK ¡ Ch dntn kflflj ræ}`ld nx bhw`flw dh g`k}rhldrh cn rhcntf`l nyhg ch gcfhlt# dh g`llnìtrh chw g`k}`rthkhltw dhw gcfhltw# d‖`}tfkfwhr ht dh rhltnbfcfwhr chw `}ærntf`lw dh }r`w}hgtf`l nl dh dfkflxhr chw g`ñtw d‖ng~xfwftf`l

dhw gcfhltw, Chw w`cxtf`lw dh dntn kflflj y`lt infrh dhw }rædfgtf`lw dh g`k}`rthkhlt ht fldf~xhr ~xhcw tv}hw dh }r`w}hgtw dhyr`lt hl }rf`rftæ åtrh g`ltngtæw }nr dhw `}ærntf`lw dh knrahtflj dfrhgt nl d‖nxjkhlthr ch

tnx dh rht`xr, ]nr hhk}ch# chw w`gfætæw dh yhlth }nr g`rrhw}`ldnlgh ræncfwhlt í gôtæ dh chxr gntnc`jxh jælærncfwth dhw gntnc`jxhw w}ægfncfwæw, C‖xtfcfwntf`l dx dntn kflflj }hrkht dh wæchgtf`llhr }nrkf chw gcfhltw }rflgf}nx# ghx }`xr chw~xhcw fc hwt xtfch d‖hly`vhr xl gntnc`jxh gfbcæ, Ghcn nxjkhlth ch tnx dh rht`xr, G‖hwt hl hiiht jrâgh í c‖ofwt`rf~xh dhw ngontw ~xh chw yæ}ægfwthw }hxyhlt dæthrkflhr ~xhc gcfhlt hwt wxwgh}tfbch d‖ngohthr xl nrtfgch wxr gntnc`jxh w}ægfncfwæ,±2

Ghltrh d‖n}}hcw Xl ghltrh d‖n}}hc khttnlt hl }cngh xlh `}ærntf`l dh }o`lflj }`xr rhcnlghr chw gcfhltw  }r`w}hgtw wxfth í c‖hly`f d‖xl knfcflj }hxt jrâgh nx dntnkflflj dæthrkflhr yhrw ~xhc gcfhltw  }r`w}hgtw fc }hxt åtrh xtfch d‖hiihgtxhr xlh rhcnlgh tæcæ}o`lf~xh hl ætxdfnlt w`l g`k}`rthkhlt ingh nx rhcnlghw, C‖hltrh}rfwh w‖n}hrghyrn nflwf ~xh >>8

> zzz,grhj,ng+yhrwnfcchw,ir 2 Ræwxkæ d‖xl hhk}ch dæyhc`}}æ dnlw c‖`xyrnjh dh Rhlæ Chiæbxrh ht Jfcchw Yhltxrf 5 CHIHBXRH Rhlæ# YHLTXRF Jfcchw# Dntn

kflflj + Hvr`cchw# 2==># 762 }


Jælærncftæw wxr chw `}ærntf`lw dh ¡kflflj± }`xr xl gcfhlt# xlh whxch rhcnlgh hwt flxtfch nc`rw ~xh }`xr d‖nxtrhw# hcch }hxt ncchr exw~x‖í 8 rhcnlghw, Ch t`xt ætnlt dh lh }cxw jælærncfwhr chw rhcnlghw knfw dh chw gfbchr, >

G`k}`rthkhlt dhw gcfhltw dh jrnldhw wxringhw w}ægfncfwæhw Chw JWW xtfcfwhlt chw thgolf~xhw d‖nww`gfntf`lw dh }r`dxftw }`xr nltfgf}hr ch g`k}`rthkhlt ixtxr dhw whw gcfhltw, Xl gcfhlt ~xf ngoïth xlh bnfjl`frh yn }r`bnbchkhlt hlyfwnjhr c‖ngont dh r`bflhtw, ]nr g`lwæ~xhlt# hl i`lgtf`l dhw chxrw ngontw nltærfhxrw# chw `xtfcw dh dntn kflflj }hxyhlt }hrkhttrh dh wæchgtf`llhr chw gcfhltw yhrw ~xf c‖hly`f d‖xl knfcflj whrn higngh,

Wntfwingtf`l dh gcfhltïch HDI n khlæ dhw ætxdhw dh dntn kflflj }`xr g`llnìtrh c‖fk}ngt dhw kfgr` g`x}xrhw dh g`xrnlt# fc n g`k}nræ chw n}}rægfntf`lw dhw gcfhltw nyhg cn iræ~xhlgh g`llxh g `llxh dhw }nllhw, Fc n dæg`xyhrt ~xh }hldnlt xl ghrtnfl thk}w ghw g`x}xrhw ætnfhlt }hrêxhw g`kkh kflhxrhw }nr cn gcfhltïch# knfw }nwwæ xl whxfc hcchw dhyhlnfhlt flt`cærnbchw, C‖`beht dh c‖ætxdh khlæh hwt nc`rw dh dæthrkflhr ch whxfc dh iræ~xhlgh ~xf yn jælærhr c‖flwntfwingtf`l, Ræwxkæ d‖xl hhk}ch htrnft dh cn rhyxh ¡Knrahtflj dfrhgt ± + Wh}thkbrh 2==2

G`k}`rthkhlt d‖ngont dx gcfhlt dh jrnldhw ht k`vhllhw wxringhw ¡ Chw }rhkfïrhw n}}cfgntf`lw dh dntn kflflj g`lghrlnfhlt c‖ætxdh dhw tfgahtw dh gnfwwh dhw gcfhltw dh jrnldh wxringh, Ghcn n }hrkfw dh k`ltrhr ~xh }`xr ghrtnflhw gntæj`rfhw dh gcfhltw chw }r`k`tf`lw kfwhw hl }cngh }`xr dhw }r`dxftw ~x‖fcw nynfhlt c‖onbftxdh d‖ngohthr wfkxctnlækhlt l‖ætnfhlt }nw hignghw ht l‖hljhldrnfhlt

}nw d‖nxjkhltntf`l dh gofiirh d‖niinfrhw, Ch dntn kflflj whkbch nxe`xrd‖oxf }rhldrh dh c‖hww`r nx whfl dh cn i`lgtf`l knrahtflj, Hl hiiht# cn kfwh hl }cngh dhw wfthw Zhb d‖hltrh}rfwhw }hrkhtthlt dh g`cchgthr dh }cxw hl }cxw }c xw d‖fli`rkntf`lw ~x‖fc yn incc`fr h}c`fthr nx knfkxk, Gh}hldnlt# ch dntn kflflj lh d`ft }nw åtrh g`lwfdæræ g`kkh xlh w`cxtf`l kfrngch í c‖hlwhkbch dhw }r`bcïkhw dhw hltrh}rfwhw, Fc g`rrhw}`ld í xlh nynlgæh thgol`c`jf~xh ~xf }hrkht dh infrh ingh nx y`cxkh gr`fwwnlt dhw d`llæhw g`cchgtæhw, Knfw# chw hltrh}rfwhw dhyr`lt dhy r`lt flwtnxrhr xl gcfknt dh g`lnlgh nl dh lh }nw

}`rthr ntthflth í cn yfh }rfyæh dhw gcfhltw  }r`w}hgtw hl h}c`ftnlt chw d`llæhw g`cchgtæhw,±

Tht ht zhb kflflj G`kkh ch dntn kflflj# ch tht ht ch zhb kflflj w`lt dhw ngtfyftæw dh rhgohrgoh ht d‖htrngtf`l }nr k`dïchw, Ch zhb kflflj hwt xtfcfwæ l`tnkkhlt }`xr rhtr`xyhr ht h}c`fthr dhw rhww`xrghw Flthrlht }`xr c‖ngtfyftæ dh yhfcch, Ch tht kflflj w‖n}}xfh wxr chw g`llnfwwnlghw hl fljælfhrfh dx cnljnjh ht dh cfljxfwtf~xh gncgxcnt`frh }`xr }hrkhttrh í xl wvwtïkh fli`rkntf~xh dh ¡ g`k}rhldrh ± ch whlw d‖xl thth,

>>9

> Ræwxkæ d‖xl hhk}ch htrnft dh cn rhyxh Knrahtflj dfrhgt # H+knrahtflj,ir + Wh}thkbrh 2==2# ott}5zzz,h+knrahtflj,irW`kknfrh W`kknfrhKnj,nw}0FDKnj;KK)Lxkhr`Knj;:2,


C‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx ]ræwhltntf`l ht `rfjflh dh c‖`xtfc Dfwgf}cflh hltrh cn w`gf`c`jfh ht chw kntoækntf~xhw# c‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx wh dæyhc`}}h ngtxhcchkhlt nyhg c‖n}}nrftf`l ht ch }hrihgtf`llhkhlt dh l`kbrhx `xtfcw, Fc v n ~xhc~xhw nllæhw ghw `xtfcw lh }`xynfhlt jærhr ~xh ~xhc~xhw dfunflhw d‖ngthxrw g`ltrh }cxwfhxrw kfccfhrw nxe`xrd‖oxf, Chw ræwhnx w`gfnx w`lt g`xrnkkhlt rh}ræwhltæw }nr dhw jrn}ohw `ö gon~xh }`flt hwt xl ngthxr ht gon~xh cfhl xlh rhcntf`l, C‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx }hrkht dh g`k}rhldrh ch g`k}`rthkhlt dhw ngthxrw ht dhw g`kkxlnxtæw /}cngh ht flxhlgh d‖xl ngthxr nx whfl dx ræwhnx&# knfw hwt æjnchkhlt hk}c`væh }nr chw `}ærnthxrw tæcæ}o`lf~xhw /nlncvwh dh c‖flxhlgh dhw nb`llæw chw xlw wxr chw nxtrhw c`rw dh c‖nd`}tf`l dh l`xyhnx }r`dxftw& `x ch

whgthxr bnlgnfrh /rh}ærnjh dhw xtfcfwntf`lw irnxdxchxwhw dhw g`k}thw bnlgnfrhw&> Xtfcfwæw exw~xh dnlw ch k`ldh dx rhlwhfjlhkhlt2 }`xr dægrv}thr chw rnkfgntf`lw dhw ræwhnx thrr`rfwthw# chw `xtfcw d‖nlncvwh dh ræwhnx w`gfnx }hxyhlt wh ræyæchr }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt xtfchw }`xr chw hltrh}rfwhw dnlw dhw hlyfr`llhkhltw dh }cxw hl }cxw g`k}chhw ht ncænt`frhw#7 w`xonftnlt rntf`lncfwhr chxrw fli`rkntf`lw g`lghrlnlt xl ræwhnx ~xhc ~x‖fc w`ft# ht g`lwfdærnlt ghtth kæto`dh g`kkh xl `xtfc d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh C`rw~x‖xlh yhfcch g`lgxrrhltfhcch hwt kfwh hl ŗxyrh# fc }hxt åtrh fltærhwwnlt dh g`k}rhldrh ~xhcw w`lt chw ngthxrw gcæw g`lghrlnlt thc }rèht nx whfl dh cn g`lgxrrhlgh, C`rw dh c‖æcnb`rntf`l dh wtrntæjfh d‖flxhlgh#

fc hwt æjnchkhlt }rfk`rdfnc dh }nryhlfr í yfwxncfwhr gcnfrhkhlt chw flthrngtf`lw hltrh chw ngthxrw dh cn }nrtfh ndyhrwh, Fc g`lyfhldrn nc`rw d‖xtfcfwhr chw `xtfcw d‖nlncvwh dh ræwhnx w`gfnx }`xr rh}ræwhlthr chw rhcntf`lw hfwtnlthw nx whfl dhw dfiiærhltw ræwhnx ~xh c‖`l w`xonfth ætxdfhr, Hl rhg`x}nlt chw fli`rkntf`lw ng~xfwhw# `l }`xrrn }nr hhk}ch infrh n}}nrnìtrh ghrtnflw cfhlw wx}}`wæw ht dæthrkflhr ~xhcw w`lt chw ngthxrw gcæw /~xf lh w`lt }nw læghwwnfrhkhlt chw kåkhw ~xh gh ~xh }hxt d`llhr í }hlwhr cn ofærnrgofh ìgfhcch&

Ifjxrh > + Dfiiærhlghw hltrh ch ræwhnx i`rkhc ht fli`rkhc4

>>:

> WHRYNL WGORHFBHR Hd`xnrd# C‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx# xlh kæto`d`c`jfh nlncvtf~xh }xfwwnlth + 2==6# ott}5zzz,dhgfdh`, irC+nlncvwh+dhw+rhwhnx+w`gfnx#+xlh+khto`d`c`jfh+nlncvtf~xh+}xfwwnlthPn7=7?,otkc 2 ott}5zzz,f}nrf,g`kfldh2,}o}0fdPrxbrf~xh;2)}`w;2)fdP}njh;22 7 ott}5zzz,k}9,irbc`j0}njhPfd;>2 4 WHRRNT @cfyfhr# W`gfnc Lhtz`ra Nlncvwfw + Al`zchdjh W`cxtf`lw# 2==6# ott}5zzz,ndb,`rjD`gxkhltwFli`rkntf`lAl`zchdjh+ W`cxtf`lwW`gfnc+Lhtz`ra+Nlncvwfw,}di


C‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx

Kfwh hl ŗxyrh Xlh i`fw chw }rhkfïrhw d`llæhw rhgxhfccfhw g`lghrlnlt chw ngthxrw dx ræwhnx ~xh c‖`l w`xonfth rh}ræwhlthr# fc g`lyfhlt dh chxr d`llhr g`r}w nx k`vhl d‖xl `xtfc, Dh knlfïrh jælærnch# fc inxdrn rhlwhfjlhr dhw gonk}w kntrfgfhcw /Ngthxr > hwt nkf nyhg ngthxr 2# inft }nrtfh d‖xl }rèht nyhg ngthxr 7,,,& nynlt dh }r`gædhr nx rhldx yfwxncfwntf`l,

C`jfgfhcw chw }cxw g`llxw 5

]NEHA 5> ]neha hwt xl c`jfgfhc jrntxft }`xr Zfld`zw }hrkhttnlt c‖nlncvwh ht cn yfwxncfwntf`l dh cnrjhw ræwhnx,2 Wn y`gntf`l }rhkfïrh hwt dh }nryhlfr í dæg`k}`whr dhw ræwhnx hl dhw wtrxgtxrhw }cxw }htfthw d`lt fc dhyfhlt }cxw ingfch dh tfrhr dx whlw,

Ifjxrh 2 + Dæg`k}`wftf`lw }`wwfbchw d‖xl ræwhnx,7

XGFLHT4 ]r`bnbchkhlt ch }cxw g`llx# XGFLHT }r`}`wh xlh yhrwf`l d‖hwwnf dh 9= e`xrw# n}rïw ~x`f chw cfghlghw rhwthlt nb`rdnbchw, XGFLHT rh}`wh cnrjhkhlt wxr dx rhlwhfjlhkhlt dh gonk}w }nr kntrfghw# fc }hxt fk}`rthr ht h}`rthr xl jrnld l`kbrh dh i`rknt dh gofhrw# jælærhr dh l`kbrhxwhw yfwxncfwntf`lw8 ht whw gofhrw d‖nfdh

w`lt g`k}chtw,

>>?

> ott}5}neha,fkik,wfdàx,}o}0fd;}neha 2 L@@V dh Z`xthr# KRYNR Ndrhe# BNTNJHCE Ycndfkfr# H}c`rnt`rv W`gfnc Lhtz`ra Nlncvwfw zfto ]neha + GX]# 2==8# ott}5ycnd`,iki,xlf+ce,wf}xb lhtz`rawb`àn}}hldf4,}di 7 Knlxhc dh c‖`xtfc ]neha 5 ott}5}neha,fkik,wfdàx,}o}0fd;d`zlc`nd 4 ott}5zzz,nlncvtfgthgo,g`kxgflht 8 OXFWKNL Knra# YNL DXFEL Knrfeteh# Wìtznrh i`r w`gfnc lhtz`ra nlncvwfw + Xlfyhrwftv ì Jr`lfljhl# 2==7# ott}5wtnt,jnkkn,rxj,lcWìtznrh(2= i`r(2=W`gfnc(2=Lhtz`ra(2=Nlncvwfw(2=GX]Pgo>7P@gt2==7,}di



Ifjxrh 7 ‗ Rhlwhfjlhkhlt d‖xlh kntrfgh w`xw XGFLHT

Fjrn}o Fjrn}o> inft }nrtfh dx }rèht ¡ R ± /~xf g`k}rhld dh l`kbrhxwhw nxtrhw w`cxtf`lw `}hl w`xrghw&, @xtrh wn jrntxftæ# ch c`jfgfhc }hrkht dh cfrh dh l`kbrhx i`rkntw dh gofhrw ht c‖fk}`rth}`rt dh d`llæhw hwt ingfcftæh,

Chw i`rghw C‖nlncvwh dh ræwhnx w`gfnx hwt xlh dfwgf}cflh k`ltnlth hl flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh gnr hcch }hrkht dh dæjnjhr xlh ynchxr ne`xtæh hl wvltoætfwnlt dh knlfïrh rfj`xrhxwh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l fli`rkhcch, Dnlw ch gnw `ö chw ngthxrw lh w`lt l`l }nw dhw oxknflw# knfw dhw hltftæw# }nr hhk}ch dhw w`gfætæw kïrhw ht chxrw cfnchw

rnttngoæhw# ghcn }hrkht dh g`k}rhldrh }cxw nfwækhlt dhw wftxntf`lw }nri`fw g`k}chhw,

Chw infbchwwhw G`ltrnfrhkhlt í xlh gnrt`jrn}ofh ~xh c‖`l hiihgtxhrnft knlxhcchkhlt ht ingfchkhlt# chw thgolf~xhw ht `xtfcw dægrftw læghwwfthlt xl ghrtnfl thk}w d‖n}}ræohlwf`l nl d‖åtrh g`rrhgthkhlt xtfcfwæw, Dnlw ch gnw }rntf~xh ~xh

l`xw ncc`lw khttrh hl ŗxyrh# c‖`xtfc L`dh_C2 rhwth gh}hldnlt nwwhu wfk}ch d‖xtfcfwntf`l,

Gnw }rntf~xhw Cn yfwxncfwntf`l dh ræwhnx }hxt åtrh xtfch exw~xh dnlw dhw d`knflhw trïw ynrfæw g`kkh }nr hhk}ch c‖nlncvwh dh brhyht7 ]`xr ght hhk}ch# ch gnw ch }cxw wfk}ch }`wwfbch n ætæ fknjflæ, Y`trh hltrh}rfwh dæbxth dnlw cn yhlth dh }nrixkw trïw onxt dh jnkkh ht g`k}th }`xr wh infrh g`llnìtrh hiihgtxhr xlh `}ærntf`l dh }r`k`tf`l bnwæh wxr dhw }r`dxftw ìihrtw í dhw }hrw`llhw flxhlthw# chw~xhcchw

nxr`lt hlwxfth æjnchkhlt cn }`wwfbfcftæ dh }nrrnflhr chxrw nkfw hl ægonljh dh rædxgtf`lw, C‖fknjh æcftfwth dh y`trh }r`dxft lh y`xw }hrkht }nw dh dfwtrfbxhr cnrjhkhlt y`w ægonltfcc`lw, G‖hwt }`xr~x`f nl d‖`}tfkfwhr c‖fk}ngt dh ghtth `}ærntf`l# y`xw dhyhu fdhltfhr chw }hrw`llncftæw flxhlthw nx whfl dhw ræwhnx wxwgh}tfbchw dh rhcnvhr hignghkhlt cn l`t`rfætæ dh y`trh knr~xh,

>>6

> ott}5fjrn}o,w`xrghi`rjh,lht 2 ott}5zzz,g`dh}ch,g`kL`dh_C 7 ott}5zzz,}faa ott}5zzz,}faa`+wìtznrh,g`kflthccfjh `+wìtznrh,g`kflthccfjhlgh+hg`l`kf~xh,otkc lgh+hg`l`kf~xh,otkc


C‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx Y`xw nyhu khlæ dhw ætxdhw wxr cn gcfhltïch nfwæh dh dfiiærhltw bhnx ~xnrtfhrw ht y`xw w`xonfthu rn}fdhkhlt }r`gædhr í c‖nttrfbxtf`l dh y`w }r`dxftw,

Ifjxrh 4 ‗ Xtfcfwntf`l dh L`dh_C Wxr ch tnbchxr# y`xw ncchu d`lg g`kkhlghr í l`thr chw rhcntf`lw flthr}hrw`llhcchw rh}æræhw nx whfl dh y`trh g`kkxlnxtæ dh }r`w}hgtw, C`rw~xh ghw rhcntf`lw w`lt }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt i`rthw# xl g`dh g`xchxr }hxt cfbrhkhlt åtrh xtfcfwæ,

Ifjxrh 8 ‗ Yfwxncfwhr rn}fdhkhlt ch ræwhnx nlncvwæ Nx ixr ht í khwxrh dh c‖ncfkhltntf`l dh y`trh tnbchxr# ch jrn}oh lh rhwthrn }nw c`ljthk}w wfk}ch g`kkh wxr c‖fccxwtrntf`l 4, Dfyhrwhw yfwxncfwntf`lw w`lt }nrnkætrnbchw nl dh d`llhr nx jrn}of~xh c‖nw}hgt ndæ~xnt, Nflwf#

y`xw nrrfyhu knflthlnlt í rh}ærhr ~xhc~xhw }r`w}hgtw flg`lt`xrlnbchw# d`lt ghcxf nx gŗxr dx w`xw+jrn}oh ~xh l`xw ny`lw inft n}}nrnftrh hl r`xjh hl fccxwtrntf`l gf+dhwwxw, /Xl gcfg wxr ch jrn}oh rhly`f wxr chw gonk}w g`rrhw}`ldnlt dx tnbchxr,& Y`xw nyhu d`lg rn}fdhkhlt ætæ hl khwxrh d‖fdhltfhr chw }hrw`llhw flxhlthw ht chw w`xw+jr`x}hw í ¡ flctrhr ± >2=

jrâgh í cn yfwxncfwntf`l# gh ~xf y`xw }hrkhttrn dh go`fwfr rn}fdhkhlt í ~xf nttrfbxhr y`w ægonltfcc`lw }`xr infrh i`lgtf`llhr nx kfhx y`trh hii`rt }xbcfgftnfrh bnwæ wxr ch }nrrnflnjh ht ch b`xgoh í `rhfcch,



G`k}cækhltw WHRRNT @cfyfhr# W`gfnc Lhtz`ra Nlncvwfw + Al`zchdjh W`cxtf`lw# 2==6# ott}5zzz,ndb,`rjD`gxkhltw Fli`rkntf`lAl`zchdjh+W`cxtf`lwW`gfnc+Lhtz`ra+Nlncvwfw,}di WHRYNL WGORHFBHR Hd`xnrd# C‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx# xlh kæto`d`c`jfh nlncvtf~xh }xfwwnlth + 2==6# ott}5zzz,dhgfdh`,irC+nlncvwh+dhw+rhwhnx+w`gfnx#+xlh+khto`d`c`jfh+nlncvtf~xh+}xfwwnlthPn7=7?, otkc Zn}hdfn,k`bf# Nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx + w`gfnx + ott}5zn}hdfn,k`bfirNlncvwhPdhwPr(G7(N6whnxP w`gfnx

L`dh_C hwt tæcægonrjhnbch fgf ott}5zzz,g`dh}ch,g`kL`dh_C ht ingfch d‖flwtnccntf`l, /G‖hwt xl }cxjfl dh Kfgr`wìt hghc&,

>2>


Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jrn}of~xh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l

]ræwhltntf`l Chw l`xyhcchw thgol`c`jfhw }hrkhtthlt ch rhgxhfc ht c‖nrgofynjh dh ~xnltftæ t`xe`xrw }cxw fk}`rtnlth d‖fli`rkntf`lw, @r ch ghryhnx oxknfl thld í nlncvwhr ht g`k}rhldrh bhnxg`x} }cxw yfth ghw fli`rkntf`lw c`rw~x‖hcchw w`lt njhlgæhw w`xw i`rkh dh jrn}of~xhw ht dh wgoæknw yfwxhcw ~x‖hl tnlt ~xh d`llæhw brxthw, ^xh c‖`l }nrch dh k`thxr dh rhgohrgoh yfwxhc `x dh kfwh hl i`rkh nynlgæh dh d`llæhw /g`xrbhw# gnkhkbhrt# htg&, Ghtth dfkhlwf`l dh g`k}ræohlwf`l flwtflgtfyh ht ingfcftæh hwt }nrtfgxcfïrhkhlt n}}rægfnbch ht xtfch dnlw xl trnynfc dh yhfcch `x d‖nlncvwh,

Bxt dh cn kæto`dh @l dft w`xyhlt ~xh cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jrn}of~xh dh c‖fli`rkntf`l c ‖fli`rkntf`l iny`rfwh cn wærhldf}ftæ /cn dæg`xyhrth i`rtxfth&# knfw ghtth kæto`dh dh wfk}cfgntf`l dhw knwwhw dh d`llæhw g`k}chhw }hrkht wxrt`xt# w`xw whw dfiiærhlthw

i`rkhw# dh ræ}`ldrh nx `behgtfiw wxfynltw 5>  infrh

dhw dæg`xyhrthw#  ingfcfthr cn dægfwf`l#  }r`}`whr dhw h}cfgntf`lw  g`kkxlf~xhr }cxw ingfchkhlt dhw fli`rkntf`lw C‖hltrh}rfwh dæwfrnlt fll`yhr# g`k}rhldrh dhw d`llæhw ht chw h}cf~xhr }`xrrn d`lg v y`fr xlh kæto`dh dh }r`w}hgtfyh g`kkh d‖nlncvwh, ]faa`# ch w}ægfncfwth irnlênfw dh cn gnrt`jrn}ofh d‖fli`rkntf`l# ræwxkh nflwf chw n}}`rtw dh ghw kæto`dhw 5 ¡ Gh ~xf }`wh }r`bcïkh nxe`xrd‖oxf gh l‖hwt }nw xlf~xhkhlt cn rhgohrgoh ht cn wxryhfccnlgh dhw d`llæhw, Gh ~xf }`wh }r`bcïkh g‖hwt nxwwf c‖`rjnlfwntf`l# c‖nlncvwh ht cn g`lwtrxgtf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l, Nx c dx thk}w, ±2

Kfwh hl `hxyrh K`thxrw dh rhgohrgoh yfwxhcw C‖xtfcfwntf`l dh ghw whryfghw hwt trïw wfk}ch ht g`lwfwthrn nynlt t`xt í wny`fr rhb`ldfr wxr chw k`tw gcæw }hrtflhltw dnlw ch gndrh dh y`trh rhgohrgoh, Chxr nynltnjh }rflgf}nc hwt dh rhldrh yfwfbchw dhw cfhlw hltrh dhw æcækhltw l‖hl }ræwhltnlt }nw n }rf`rf, Fcw }r`}`whlt æjnchkhlt dhw nhw dh rhgohrgohw g`k}cækhltnfrhw, Chxrw ræwxctntw }hxyhlt }rhldrh dhw n}}nrhlghw nxwwf ynrfæhw ~xh ghcchw d‖Hnchnd g`lwthccntf`lw7 `x dh Whnrgogxbh4, Bfhl wñr# ghw k`thxrw rhk}cnghr`lt dfigfchkhlt ch whk}fthrlhc J``jch knfw tr`xyhlt chxr xtfcf tæ }nr chxr }`wftf`llhkhlt whlwfbchkhlt

dfiiærhlt 5 Lhzwd`tw8 bnwæ wxr c‖ngtxncftæ hl thk}w ræhc `x hlg`rh Hvh}c`rhr 9 ~xf i`xrlft whw ræwxctntw dh rhgohrgoh w`xw i`rkh dh gnkhkbhrt /fccxwtrntf`l&,

>22

> YFDNC W`cyhfj# Yfwxncfwntf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l + FLFW# 2==9# ott}5nw+kn},g`kbc` ott}5nw+kn},g`kbc`jfldh,}o}2=>==22 jfldh,}o}2=>==222yfwxncfwntf`l+dh+cfli`r 2yfwxncfwntf`l+dh+cfli`rkntf`l+}nl`rnkn+ kntf`l+}nl`rnkn+ flfw+2==9 2 ott}5zzz,}faa ott}5zzz,}faa`+wìtznrh,g`kflthccfjh `+wìtznrh,g`kflthccfjhlgh+hg`l`kf~xh,otkc lgh+hg`l`kf~xh,otkc 7 ott}5dhk`w,cnbw,hnchnd,g`kg`lwthccntf`lw 4 ott}5zzz,whnrgo+gxbh,g`k 8 ZFCW@L Gorfw# Lhzw D`tw5 Toh Dnv‖w Hyhltw nw n W`gfnc Lhtz`ra + Lhtz`ra + 2=>=# ott}5wcnthwt,wcnth,g`kihntxrhwlhzwPd`twdhinxct,otk 9 ott}5hvh}c`rhr,g`kwo`z



Ifjxrh > + Yfwxncfwntf`l Hvh}c`rhr @l }hxt æjnchkhlt n}}rægfhr chw xtfcftnfrhw dh gnrt`jrn}ofh g`kkh }nr hhk}ch T`xgojrn}o> ~xf }hrkht dh yfwxncfwhr rn}fdhkhlt ht fltxftfyhkhlt chw cfhlw hltrh dfiiærhltw wfthw flthrlht,

Ifjxrh 2 ‗ T`xgojrn}o /rhgohrgoh ¡ fg`kthg ±&

Kfld kn}}flj Trïw }`}xcnfrhw# _kfld `x IrhhKfld }hrkhtthlt cn ræncfwntf`l dh gnrthw ohxrfwtf~xhw# gh ~xf hwt xtfch }`xr `rd`llhr dhw fdæhw `x ræncfwhr dhw ¡ trhhkn}w ±, Fcw }hxyhlt æjnchkhlt åtrh xtfcfwæw dnlw c‖nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx knfw í xl lfyhnx trïw bnwf~xh whxchkhlt# `l chxr }ræiærhrn }`xr ghcn d‖nxtrhw `xtfcw }cxw g`k}chtw /y`frh goh 5 Nlncvwh dhw ræwhnx w`gfnx&,

>27 > ott}5zzz,t ott}5zzz,t`xgojrn}o,g`kTJJ` `xgojrn}o,g`kTJJ``jchBr`zwhr,o `jchBr`zwhr,otkc tkc



]ræwhltntf`l dh d`llæhw

Chw `xtfcw dh }ræwhltntf`l dh d`llæhw `lt }`xr `behgtfi dh ync`rfwhr chw d`llæhw brxthw }`xr hl infrh dhw wx}}`rtw d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l, G`lgrïthkhlt# fc whrn }`wwfbch dh jælærhr dh l`kbrhx i`rkntw yfwxhcw ># nyhg chw~xhcw c‖xtfcfwnthxr }`xrrn flthrnjfr, /Gh ~xf l‖hwt }nw }`wwfbch }nr hhk}ch hl xtfcfwnlt whxchkhlt xl tnbchxr g`kkh Hghc& Nflwf Nlvgonrt2 /w`cxtf`l hl nwo& }r`}`wh d‖hwwnvhr hl cfjlh dh l`kbrhx rhldxw jrn}of~xhw dh d`llæhw, Fc g`lyfhlt d`lg hlwxfth d‖nd`}thr cn yfwxncfwntf`l cn }cxw ndn}tæh }`xr ræ}`ldrh dh knlfïrh higngh nx

flthrr`jntf`lw,7 Tnbchnx ]xbcfg4# }r`}`wh æjnchkhlt xlh jrnldh ynrfætæ dh go`f dnlw cn yfwxncfwntf`l dh c‖fli`rkntf`l nflwf ~x‖xlh jrnldh flthrngtfyftæ nyhg c‖fli`rkntf`l /y`fr gnw }rntf~xh&, Hl `}hl w`xrgh# Nffw8 }r`}`wh xlh w`cxtf`l bnwf~xh knfw higngh }hrkhttnlt æjnchkhlt cn k`dæcfwntf`l dh d`llæhw w`xw dh kxctf}chw i`rkhw,

Chw i`rghw Cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw lh whrt }nw whxchkhlt í æ}nthr w`l nxdft`frh c`rw c `rw d‖xlh }ræwhltntf`l# gnr ~x‖fc w‖njfwwh dh k`thxr dh rhgohrgoh yfwxhc `x dh gnrt`jrn}ofhw# ghw `xtfcw ingfcfthlt cn }hrgh}tf`l dhw fli`rkntf`lw, Hl }hrkhttnlt l`tnkkhlt d‖htrnfrh dhw wgoæknw ingfchkhlt g`k}ræohlwfbchw d‖xlh knwwh dh d`llæh ¡ kxhtth ± fwwxh d‖xl tnbchxr# cn rh}ræwhltntf`l jrn}of~xh dh d`llæhw wh }`wh hl `xtfc d‖nfdh í cn dægfwf`l,

Chw infbchwwhw Fc flg`kbh í c‖xtfcfwnthxr dh lh }nw t`kbhr dnlw ch }fïjh dhw `xtfcw d‖nw}hgtw cxdf~xhw# g`c`ræw# ~xf lnchkhlt

lh }hrkhtthlt }nw dh dæjnjhr xlh ræhcch }cxw+yncxh wxr ch i`ld c`rw dh y`w rhgohrgohw ht kfwhw hl i`rkh d‖fli`rkntf`lw,

Gnw }rntf~xh Y`trh hltrh}rfwh dh }r`dxftw cnftfhrw n dæyhc`}}æ whw ngtfyftæw hl Irnlgh g`kkh í c‖h}`rt# nxt`xr dh tr`fw ìirhw 5 bnwf~xh# cxh ht inkfcch, G`kkh gon~xh trfkhwtrh# y`xw nyhu rhjr`x}æ chw fli`rkntf`lw g`lghrlnlt y`w yhlthw ht chxrw }`xrghltnjhw d‖æy`cxtf`l }nr u`lhw wxr xl tnbchxr, Y`xw g`lwtnthu ~x‖Hghc k`ltrh yfth whw cfkfthw ~xnld fc w‖njft dh yfwxncfwntf`l dh d`llæhw, Fk}`wwfbch d‖flthrnjfr nyhg chw d`llæhw# d‖n}}cf~xhr dhw trfw `x dh gonljhr rn}fdhkhlt dh yfwxncfwntf`l, @r }`xr ch }r`gonfl trfkhwtrh# y`xw nfkhrfhu infrh n}}nrnftrh }cxw gcnfrhkhlt chw }hrw}hgtfyhw ht hlehx dh y`w }r`dxftw wxr dfiiærhlthw w`xw+u`lhw g`k}nræhw, Y`xw ncchu d`lg rhg`xrfr í Tnbchnx ]xbcfg# c`jfgfhc jrntxft ht trïw ingfch d‖xtfcfwntf`l tæcægonrjhnbch í ghtth ndrhwwh 5 ott}5zzz,tnbchnxwìtznrh,g`k}xbcfg ]`xr fk}`rthr chw d`llæhw dh y`trh tnbchxr# y`xw }`xyhu xtfcfwhr chw i`lgtf`lw d‖fk}`rt dh Tnbchnx Wìtznrh

>24

> ott}5bn4hdi:2,cflabx ott}5bn4hdi:2,cflabxgaw,g`kxrcott}5zzz gaw,g`kxrcott}5zzz,nlvgonrt,g`k}r`d ,nlvgonrt,g`k}r`dxgtwnlvgonrtjncchrv xgtwnlvgonrtjncchrv 2 ott}5zzz,nlvgonrt,g`k 7 VXFCCH Ehrhkv# KNGD@LNCD Oxjo# Toh w`gfnc cfih ì yfwxncfuntf`l + 2==6# ott}5eòllvo`ccnld,` ott}5eòllvo`ccnld,`rj2==6>=22toh+ rj2==6>=22toh+w`gfnc+cfih+ì+yfwxncfuntf`l+ w`gfnc+cfih+ì+yfwxncfuntf`l+grhn+ grhn+ tf`l 4 ott}5zzz,tnbchnxwìtznrh,g`k}xbcfgd`zlc`nd 8 ott}5nffw,`rjhnk}chw,otkc



`x hiihgtxhr xl wfk}ch g`}fhr+g`cchr dhw }cnjhw ~xh y`xw w`xonfthu xtfcfwhr, Hl gnw d‖fk}`rt# yhfcchu í gh ~xh ch i`rknt dh y`trh tnbchxr w`ft yncfdh /tftrhw dhw g`c`llhw ht dhw cfjlhw rhw}hgtfyhkhlt flwgrftw wxr cn }rhkfïrh g`c`llh ht cfjlh dx tnbchxr& }`xr ~xh Tnbchnx Wìtznrh rhg`llnfwwh chw tftrhw, L`thu ~xh c‖`xtfc rhg`llnft æjnchkhlt chw d`llæhw Ngghww ht trnfthkhlt dh thth, Xl g`}fæ+g`ccæ dh tnbchxr n ætæ hiihgtxæ hl jxrh 7# ht chw d`llæhw dx tnbchxr `lt ætæ dïchkhlt rh}r`dxfthw,

Ifjxrh 7 + }cnl dh trnynfc Tnbchnx Wìtznrh ]xbcfg L`t`lw ~xh ch }cnl dh trnynfc hwt trïw wfk}ch# fc g`k}`rth ch dætnfc dhw d`llæhw ht chw `}tf`lw d‖fk}`rt# cn ihlåtrh dh yfwxncfwntf`l nflwf ~xh chw }nchtthw d‖`xtfcw ngtfyæhw, C‖`xtfc }hrkht æjnchkhlt dh infrh dhw rhgohrgohw wxr chw d`llæhw ht d‖n}}cf~xhr dhw trfw /nigohr whxchkhlt chw d`llæhw dh ¡ æy`cxtf`l yhlthw Ncchknjlh ± hltrh

¡ 4 ht ? ± }nr hhk}ch&, Hl `xtrh# w`l xtfcfwntf`l rh}`wh cnrjhkhlt wxr ch jcfwwhr+dæ}`whr dh gndrhw ht w‖nyïrh d`lg nwwhu flwtflgtfi, Nx whfl dh t`xthw chw i`lgtf`llncftæw# g‖hwt wxrt`xt ch inft dh }`xy`fr flthrnjfr hig nghkhlt

nyhg chw d`llæhw ~xf l`xw fltærhwwh, Wxr ch tnbchnx# y`xw ncchu d`lg wæchgtf`llhr xlf~xhkhlt chw }cnjhw ¡ æy`cxtf`l ± ht chw }nvw Ncchknjlh# Hw}njlh ht Htntw+Xlfw, /Wæchgtf`l dhw æcækhltw í jnrdhr# }xfw gcfg dr`ft ht ¡ ahh} `lcv ±# `x hlchyhr chw æcækhltw flxtfchw nyhg xl jcfwwhr+dæ}`whr hl dho`rw dx tnbchnx& Fc hwt æjnchkhlt hlyfwnjhnbch dh græhr dh ctrhw# }xfw wfk}chkhlt dh g`gohr chw æcækhltw ~xh c‖`l w`xonfth y`fr n}}nrnìtrh, Ghw ctrhw }hxyhlt }`rthr wxr chw tftrhw dhw ghccxchw g`kkh wxr chw ynchxrw,

Xlh i`fw ghgf inft# y`xw gcf~xhu wxr ch b`xt`l ¡ wo`z kh ±, Ch c`jfgfhc y`xw }r`}`wh dfyhrwhw yfwxncfwntf`lw dh d`llæhw hlyfwnjhnbchw, Dnlw l`trh gnw# `l `}th }`xr xlh gcnwwf~xh yxh }nr tnbchnx,

>28



Ifjxrh 4 ‗ d`llæhw fw`cæhw# yfwxncfwæhw ht nll`tæhw rn}fdhkhlt, Nyhg ch gcfg dr`ft }xfw ¡ Nll`tnth ±# fc whrn trïw rn}fdh dh rne`xthr y`w g`kkhltnfrhw í dhwtflntf`l dh y`w g`ccnb`rnthxrw, Y`xw åthw knflthlnlt hl khwxrh dh gonljhr hl ~xhc~xhw gcfgw ch g`lthlx ht c‖n}}nrhlgh dh y`w yfwxncfwntf`lw í }nrtfr dhw d`llæhw fk}`rtæhw ht d‖hiihgtxhr dhw rhgohrgohw, Xlh i`fw inkfcfnrfwæ nyhg c‖`xtfc# y`xw hl tfrhrhu d‖nxtnlt }cxw }r`t ~xh y`xw }`xrrhu lnyfjxhr dnlw dhw bnwhw

dh d`llæhw }cxw g`k}chhw ht knlf}xchr y`w fli`rkntf`lw nyhg nfwnlgh, /Jnchrfh dh ræwxctntw }`wwfbchw `bthlxw nyhg TnbchnxWìtznrh 5 ott}5zzz,tnbchnxwìtznrh,g`k}xbcfg jncchrv&,

G`k}cækhltw Cfhlw ht `xtfcw í }nrg`xrfr 5 Gnddhrh}xtntf`l,`yhr+bc`j,g`k + NCC@FLJ Gnkfcch# Rhgohrgohw yfwxhcchw 5 : `xtfcw ‗ `xtfcw ‗ 2=>=# ott}5 gnddhrh}xtntf`l,`yhr+bc`j,g`knrtfgch+rhgohrgohw+yfwxhcchw+:+`xtfcw+44:79676,otkc ott}5dhk`w,cnbw,hnchnd,g`kg`lwthccntf`lw ott}5zzz,whnrgo+gxbh,g`k @xtfcwir`fdw,lht# @xtfcw Gnrt`jrn}ofh D‖Fli`rkntf`l + DHWGONK]W Gorfwt`}oh# ott}5zzz,`xtfcwir`fdw,lht thtw@xtfcwGnrt`jrn}ofhD+Fli`rkntf`l ZFCW@L Gorfw# Lhzw D`tw5 Toh Dnv‖w Hyhltw nw n W`gfnc Lhtz`ra + Lhtz`ra + 2=>=# ott}5wcnthwt,wcnth,g`kihntxrhw lhzwPd`twdhinxct,otk ott}5zzz,yfhzuf,g`k ott}5hvh}c`rhr,g`kwo`z ott}5zzz,kfld,lht ott}5ogf,wtnli`rd,hdxeohhr}rèhgtwyfuwthr ott}5zzz,knrahtyfwxnc,g`kwhnrgo,nw} >29

Gntnc`jxh d‖`xtfcw 5 ott}5zzz,fli`rkntf`ltnkhrw,g`kZfaFTfldh,}o}0tftch;IrhhPkfldPkn}}fljP/nldP rhcnthdPtv}hw&Pwìtznrh


Grædftw

Dfrhgthxr dh }rèht Gorfwt`}oh Dhwgonk}w zzz,`xtfcwir`fdw,lht G``rdflntf`l Excfhl Chyå~xh# Ndrfhl Yflghlt G`lgh}tf`l jrn}of~xh ht kfwh hl }njh Excfhl Chyå~xh zzz,excfhl+chyh~xh,ir Rhchgtxrh Anrhl K`ldrnj`l# Gcækhlt K`rfl# Ndrfhl Yflghlt Rædngtf`l FG@KTHG ]>4 2==6+2=>= ott}5fg`kthg+}r`,ir Knwthr 2 Flthccfjhlgh æg`l`kf~xh ht g`kkxlfgntf`l wtrntæjf~xh Nldrfnkfnkfln Onwfln# Nrgonkbnxd Bhl`ft# Bnrht Gntohrflh# Bhwlnrd Knrf`l# Bcnlgoht Nlt`flh # B`xnanu Nkhc # B`xdnxd Bn}tfwth # Dh Cn Rxh Gnl Bhlenkfl # Hwthyh Kntofhx# Jnrdhr`l Excfhl# Jr`wehnl Lfg`cnw# Cnbr`xwwh Gægfch# Chyå~xh Excfhl# Knldrn Rnk`ln# Kfcc`t Gnkfcch# K`ldrnj`l Anrhl# K`rfl Gcækhlt# Gcækhl t# Rnkhcht Gnrflh# R`x R`x  Ohryæ# W`xhwkh Excfhl# T`xuæ T`xuæ Kntofhx# Yflghlt Ndrfhl# Yflghlt Cnxrfnlh FG@KTHG + Xlfyhrwftæ dh ]`ftfhrw >2:

2 rxh Rhlæ Gnwwfl + B] 9=>94 ?9 692 Ixtxr`wg`}h Ghdh Irnlgh

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