List of Acacia Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation navigation,, search This is a list of Acacia species that are known to contain psychoactive contain psychoactive alkaloids alkaloids,, or are suspected of containing such alkaloids due to being psychoactive. The presence and constitution of alkaloids in nature can be highly variable, due to environmental and genetic factors.
Acacias Known to Contain Psychoactive Alkaloids
Acacia acinacea
0.04-0.82% alkaloids in leaves and stems, 0.08% in ripe pods, mostly phenethylamine[1]
Acacia acuminata ssp. acuminata
DMT in bark (up to 1.6%) and leaves l eaves (0.6-0.8%), young leaves mainly containing tryptamine[2]; 0.72% alkaloids from leaves and stems, mostly tryptamine tryptamine[3]
DMT in bark (0.2-1.2%), 0.1% alkaloids from leaves l eaves Acacia acuminata ssp. burkittii [2] (mostly NMT) NMT) ; 1.5% alkaloids from leaves and stems, (syn. A. burkittii) mostly tryptamine[3]
Acacia adunca
β-methyl-phenethylamine (N-methyl-phenethylamine), 2.4% in leaves leaves[4]; 3.2% alkaloids in aerial parts (stems, leaves, flowers) - about 70% was β-methyl-phenethylamine, β -methyl-phenethylamine, with smaller amounts of phenethylamine phenethylamine[3]
Acacia albida
Published reports of DMT in the leaf lea f [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. Besides this, there are independent claims of DMT in leaves and bark based on human bioassay [2], and traces of 5-MeO-DMT, DMT and NMT were tentatively identified by TLC in twigs twigs[7]. Root bark contains alkaloids that were not identified identified[8]
Dimethyltryptamine active levels in leaf [9]
Acacia alpina
Ash used in Pituri.[10] Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.[11] Not known if psychoactive per se.
Acacia aneura
0.028% β-methyl-phenethylamine in leaves[12], DMT (0.00012-0.00102%) and N-methyltyramine (0.000110.005%) in leaves[13]; DMT and 5-MeO-DMT tentatively identified by TLC from roots in one test, not detected in follow up; 5-MeO-DMT tentatively identified by TLC in seeds[7] Acacia angustissima
Has been claimed to contain tryptamine alkaloids[14] and significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds[15], but this needs confirmation and supporting information Acacia aroma
5-MeO-DMT tentatively identified in stem bark [7]
Acacia auriculiformis
0.02% alkaloids in spring (80% tetrahydroharman, 20% tryptamine), 0.028% autumn (tryptamine) and none in summer, with leaves of Californian plants[16]; traces of DMT and unidentified indoles tentatively detected in seeds[7]
Acacia baileyana
Acacia beauverdiana
Claimed to be psychoactive[17], but supporting information is needed. Ash used in pituri[10]
Hordenine, tyramine and N-methyltyramine in leaves[18]; 0.28-0.66% N-methylphenethylamine in leaves. Causes stock intoxications in Texas[19][12]. Claims of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and many other alkaloids[20] are suspect[21]
Acacia berlandieri
Acacia buxifolia
Acacia caesia
Acacia cardiophylla
0.65% alkaloids from leaves and stems, 0.58% from pods and 0.09% from seeds, mostly phenethylamine[1] Tryptamine and DMT N-oxide from bark [22]
0.02-0.06% alkaloids from stems and leaves, consisting of tryptamine and phenethylamine [3]; one screening found no alkaloids[23]
Claims of DMT in the plant[24] have been referenced to works that do not support the claim. Needs research.
Acacia catechu (syn. A. polyacantha, A. suma)
Claims of tryptamines in this species are unreferenced. Leaves of this (and/or other plants) and tobacco, are occasionally smoked with Anadenanthera seeds for psychoactive effects[25] Acacia caven
Claims of DMT and other tryptamines in leaf and bark are unreferenced. Needs research.
Acacia chundra (syn. A. catechu var. sundra)
Acacia colei
Claimed to contain up to 1.8% DMT in bark, 0.2-0.6% in leaf [26], but others have found no alkaloids, or nearly none in this species[2]
Acacia complanata
0.3% N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, traces of tetrahydroharman in leaf and stem[27]; independent claims of DMT from bark [28] need confirmation
2.1% Nicotine (w/w), 1.2% calycotomine (d/w) from leaves[29][30]
Acacia concinna
0.074% alkaloids from stems (20% DMT, 80% NMT )[31]; NMT and an unidentified tryptamine alkaloid from trunk bark [32]; 2.85% alkaloids from root bark (45% DMT, 55% NMT)[33]; 0.005% DMT, 0.009% DMT N-oxide, 0.006% NMT and 0.007% N-chloromethyl-DMT (might be artefact of extraction) from unspecified parts[34]
Acacia confusa
0.02% alkaloids from leaves, including β-methyl phenethylamine (tentatively identified)[12]
Acacia constricta
Acacia coriacea
Ash used in Pituri.[10][35] Not known if psychoactive.
May be psychoactive, as the root is used as an aphrodisiac, and may have been added to the Central American balché beverage[25]. Claims of tryptamines in this species[36] might be speculation. Research needed. Acacia cornigera
0.02-0.07% alkaloids in leaves and stems, including tryptamine (tentatively identified) and a phenethylamine. 0.04% alkaloids in seeds and unripe seed pods[37][1][3]; tentative observation of 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, stems and flower s[7] Acacia cultriformis
Acacia cuthbertsonii
Has been included on a list of psychoactive plants[17], but requires supporting information
Acacia delibrata
Has been included on a list of psychoactive plants[17], but requires supporting information
Psychoactive,[17] but less than 0.02% alkaloids[38]
Acacia falcata
Acacia farnesiana
Acacia filiciana
Acacia floribunda
Tentative identification of 5-MeO-DMT and an unidentified β-carboline from immature seed pods[7]; tryptamine in stem bark [22]. A claim of β-methyl-phenethylamine from flowers is not supported by the reference given[39]. Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.[11] Alkaloids are present in the bark [40] and leaves.[41] Others found no alkaloids[23]. Claims of amphetamines and mescaline in the tree [36] appear to be groundless
Has been added to pulque[25], but its psychoactivity is unknown
Up to 0.18% alkaloids from tops, mostly tryptamine with some phenethylamine; 0.15-1.18% alkaloids from flowers, equal amounts tryptamine and phenethylamine[37][42]; traces
of unidentified alkaloid from bark . Recently found to actually contain mostly DMT (up to 0.1% from leaves, 0.30.5% from bark), with bark also containing NMT, and small amounts of tryptamine, harman and norharman[2]
0.016% alkaloids from leaves, including (tentatively identified) N-methyl-β-phenethylamine and tyramine[12]
Acacia greggii
Acacia harpophylla
Acacia holoserica
0.1-0.6% alkaloids in leaves, consisting of phenethylamine and hordenine at a ratio of 2:3; 0.3% alkaloids in bark [4][23] Hordenine, 1.2% in bark [4]
Has been claimed to be psychoactive, but this is not supported by the reference given [35]
Acacia horrida
Claimed to be psychoactive[43], but this requires supporting information
Acacia implexa
Acacia jurema
Putative species claimed to contain DMT and NMT, without a reference; possibly assumed due to supposed use in jurema wine
Probably psychoactive; roots used in Zimbabwe as an aphrodisiac and to treat dizziness, convulsions and body pains[44]
Acacia karroo
Acacia kempeana
Used in Pituri, but not known if psychoactive.[35]
Acacia kettlewelliae
1.3-1.88% alkaloids from leaves and stems, mostly (92%) phenethylamine[3]; 0.9% β-methyl-phenethylamine from leaves[4]
Acacia laeta
Published reports of DMT in the leaf [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. Needs research
Acacia leucophloea
Acacia lingulata
Tryptamine in root bark [22] Used in Pituri, but not known if psychoactive.[35]
0.2-1% alkaloids from tops, 0.14-0.29% from flowers; consisted mostly of tryptamine-like alkaloids (tryptamine itself found in some flowers), with small amount of phenethylamine[37][1][42]. Some strains have been found to contain up to 0.2% DMT in unspecified parts[2][45]. Leaves, bark, pods, seeds and flowers all contained varying levels of histamine amides[46] Acacia longifolia
Acacia sophorae
Acacia macradenia
Acacia maidenii
Contains alkaloids in leaves, stems and unripe seed pods[37][23] but they have been poorly investigated. A claim of tryptamine in leaveand bark [15] requires a proper reference. Several reports of DMT content unconfirmed [2][47] Claimed to contain tryptamine[15], but without a reference. Needs research
0.13-0.71% alkaloids from bark, consisting of NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio [23][48]; both also present in leaves. Some varieties of the species are not good alkaloid sources[2]. Tentative identification of 5-MeO-DMT in wood and twigs, NMT in root[7]
Rumoured to contain DMT or similar psychoactive alkaloids[2]
Acacia mangium
Some plants may contain DMT in the bark and leaf, but may have been misidentified as most do not[2]. Traces of alkaloids detected in bark, leaf and seed; sometimes no alkaloids[23][1] Acacia melanoxylon
Published reports of DMT in the leaf [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. Needs research
Acacia mellifera
Acacia mucronata sbsp. longifolia
DMT, NMT, tryptamine, other alkaloids
[49]
Published reports of DMT in the leaf [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. Later analysis tentatively found 5-MeO-DMT in stems, leaves and roots; DMT, NMT and 5-MeO-DMT were tentatively observed in seeds, but follow-up tests were negative[7][50]. Bark contains unidentified alkaloids[51] Acacia nilotica
Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens
Acacia obtusifolia
Claims of this plant being psychoactive and containing DMT in the leaf are unreferenced and need verification
0.15-1.4% alkaloids from bark, 0.07% from fresh tips[2][23][52], 0.15-0.3% from dried leaves. A small population seems to contain mainly DMT in bark, with most also containing other alkaloids including NMT, tryptamine, harman and norharman; leaves may contain more NMT than DMT. Some assays showed tentative presence of 5-MeODMT and/or bufotenine but these are unconfirmed and other assays did not detect them [2][53][54]
0.016% DMT in leaf [6]; a claim of NMT in this species is Acacia oerfota (syn. A. nubica) unreferenced
Acacia penninervis
Claimed to be psychoactive[17], but supporting information is needed. Bark and leaves have been used to poison fish [55]
0.3% DMT in leaf [56]; a claim of NMT[9] could not be found in the reference given and needs verification. Species is rare and threatened
Acacia phlebophylla
0.11-0.29% alkaloids in leaves and stems, 0.11% from seeds and pods, mostly tryptamine and sometimes with phenethylamine also present[37][1][3]; a later analysis found 0.06% tryptamine from leaves (w/w)[57] Acacia podalyriaefolia
Acacia polyacantha ssp. campylacantha (syn. A. campylacantha)
Acacia pravissima
0.004%% DMT in leaf [6]; claims of NMT and other tryptamines in leaf and bar k[58] are not supported by the reference given
Up to 0.44% alkaloids from leaves and stems, mostly phenethylamine[37]
0.17-0.65% alkaloids from stems and leaves, 1.8% from flowering tops, consisting of phenethylamine and β -methyl phenethylamine[37][1][3][59] Acacia prominens (syn. A. praetervisa)
Acacia pruinocarpa
Acacia pruinosa
Ash used in Pituri.[10][35] Not known if psychoactive. 0.02-0.09% alkaloids from stems and leaves[37], 0.04% from tops, mostly tryptamine with some phenethylamine[42]
Less than 0.01% total alkaloids in leaf [37], sometimes none[23]. Recent findings of 0.4% DMT in single tree [60]
Acacia pycnantha
0.01% Nicotine was reported from leaves, but identity of the plant was not certain[61]; claims of DMT and NMT in the plant[62] require verification or a proper reference
Acacia retinodes
0.025% alkaloids from leaves, including N-methyl phenethylamine and N-methyl-tyramine (both tentatively identified)[12]. Claims of DMT, NMT, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and many other alkaloids[63] are suspect[21] Acacia rigidula
0.036% alkaloids from leaves, including β -methyl phenethylamine, tyramine and N-methyl-tyramine[12]
Acacia roemeriana
Ash used in Pituri.[10][35] Not known if psychoactive.
Acacia salicina
A claim of β-methyl-phenethylamine, phenethylamine, amphetamines and mescaline in this species[36] lacks a reference and is highly dubious
Acacia schaffneri
Acacia schottii
β-methyl-phenethylamine in leaves, tentatively identified[12]
0.003% DMT in leaf [6]; claim of DMT in bar k[15] requires verification
Acacia senegal
Published reports of DMT in the leaf [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass.[11]
Acacia seyal
Published reports of DMT in the leaf [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. However it is rumoured that unpublished analysis has found DMT in the plant[2] Acacia sieberiana
3.6% alkaloids from leaves and stem bark (40% NMT, 22.5% DMT, 12.7% 2-methyl-tetrahydro-β-carboline, and traces of N-formyl-NMT which might be an artefact of extraction)[64]
Acacia simplex (syn. A. simplicifolia)
Acacia spectabilis
0.21-0.35% alkaloids from leaves and stems, about 2/3 phenethylamine[3]
Acacia suaveolens
Up to 0.89% alkaloids from leaves and stems, 0.05-0.17% from unripe pods, mostly phenethylamine [37][1]
Acacia texensis
0.008% alkaloids from leaves including β -methyl phenethylamine and tyramine (tentatively identified)[12]
Published reports of DMT in the leaf [5] derive from a misreading of a paper that found no DMT in leaves of this species[6]. Needs research Acacia tortilis
Acacia vestita
Acacia victoriae
Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem (up to 83% of total alkaloids); alkaloid content was highest in autumn and spring (0.12-0.28%), lowest in summer and winter (0.030.08%)[3]
Tentative positive for DMT in aerial parts of a 1 yr old plant, and 5-MeO-DMT in roots of 2 yr old seedlings[7]; a formal screening found no alkaloids in leaf and stem [23]. Appears to contain DMT based on human bioassays[2]
Acacia species having little or no alkaloids in the material [38] sampled Species containing a concentration of alkaloids of 0-0.02% include:
Acacia acinacea Acacia baileyana Acacia decurrens Acacia dealbata Acacia mearnsii Acacia drummondii Acacia elata Acacia falcata Acacia leprosa Acacia linearis Acacia melanoxylon Acacia retinodes Acacia saligna Acacia stricta Acacia verticillata Acacia vestita
