Test Bank for Guide to Nursing Management and Leadership 8th Edition by Tomey CHAPTER 7: THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
A newly hired staff nurse observed the nurse manager’s leadership style. The nurse manager used rules and policies to guide the staff and expected compliance. The nurse manager’s leadership style was: a. Shared governance b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Bureaucratic
ANS: D The leader or manager who adopts the bureaucratic style relies on rules and policies, takes an an autocratic approach approach to directions, directions, and expects compliance. REF: 183 2.
The nurse manager sees herself as demonstrating leadership skills based on the situation. She can be a follower as well as a leader; she is aware of her behavior and the behavior of her followers. The nurse manager’s leadership leadership style is: a. Transactional leadership b. Integrative leadership c. Transformational Transformational leadership d. Situational leadership
ANS: B Integrative leadership is a holistic approach to oneself and others that requires adaptive behavior. Leaders need to be aware of their own behavior and influence on others, the individual differences of followers, group characteristics, motivation, task structures, environmental factors, and situational variables and adjust their leadership style accordingly. REF: 188
3.
Unit personnel have a great deal of respect for the nurse manager. Based on Fred Fielder’s contingency model of leadership, what situation situation helps the nurse manager to be effective? a. Unit environment b. Staff-to-staff relations c. Positional power d. Staff empowerment empowerment
ANS: C Positional power refers to the authority inherent in a position; the power to use rewards and punishment; and the organization’s organization’s support of one’s decisions. REF: 184 4.
Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership theory predicts the most appropriate leadership style based on which of the following variables? a. Readiness of followers b. Readiness of physicians c. Readiness of nurses d. Readiness of the organization
ANS: A The situational leadership theory predicts which will be the most appropriate leadership style based on the level of maturity of the followers. REF: 186 5.
Transactional leadership leadership focuses on management tasks and trade-offs in exchange for expected performance. In transformational leadership, the nurse manager: a. Sets goals for the employees b. Uses management by exception c. Focuses on day-to-day operations d. Encourages self-management self-management
ANS: D
The leader in transformational leadership uses individualized approaches, provides a sense sense of direction, and encourages self-management. self-management. REF: 187 6.
Which of the following management theorists theorists established a work standard based on the effects of fatigue on work performance? a. Frederick Taylor b. Frank Gilbreth c. Henry Gantt d. Abraham Maslow
ANS: B Frank and Lillian Gilbreth emphasized the benefits of job simplification and the establishment of work standards, as well as the effects of incentive wage plans and fatigue fatigue on work performance. performance. REF: 190 7.
Which management theorist focused on the organization as a whole rather than concentrating solely on production? a. Frederick Taylor b. Frank Gilbreth c. Lillian Gilbreth d. Max Weber
ANS: D Max Weber, the “father of organizational theory,” conceptualized bureaucracy, conceptualized bureaucracy, with its emphasis on rules instead of individuals and on competence over favoritism, as the most efficient basis for organization. REF: 191 8.
The primary difference between the classical management theorists and the behavioral science science theorists is that the latter: a. Focus on productivity b. Focus on social environment c. Focus on having a positive attitude toward people d. Focus on organizational structure
ANS: C Behavioral science theorists stress the importance of maintaining a positive attitude toward people, training managers, fitting supervisory supervisory actions to the situation, meeting employees’ needs, promoting employees’ sense of achievement, and obtaining commitment through participation in planning and decision making. REF: 192 9.
Which of the following management theorists favored a division of work through specialization? specialization? a. Elton Mayo b. Kurt Lewin c. Jacob Moreno d. Henri Fayol
ANS: D Henri Fayol believed in the division of work and argued that specialization increases efficiency. REF: 190 10. What might one find in Likert’s consultative consultative system that would be less likely in participative management management systems? systems? a. Staff members’ members’ ideas are are sought. b. Sometimes an informal organization resists the formal goals. c. Staff members feel free to discuss their jobs with the manager. d. Decision making is integrated throughout the organization.
ANS: B Sometimes an informal organization resists the formal goals in the consultative system, whereas in the participative management system, there would be no informal organization resisting the goals of the formal organization because the goals of both are the same. REF: 195
11. Which theorist introduced the concept of management by objectives as a way to manage managers? a. Rensis Likert b. Kenneth Blanchard c. Peter Drucker d. Tom Peters
ANS: C Peter Drucker introduced management by objectives as a way to manage managers. REF: 198 12. Which of the following theorists theorists stresses leadership that serves people? a. Warren Bennis b. Robert Greenleaf c. Larry Spears d. Peter Senge
ANS: B Robert Greenleaf wrote Servant Leadership . Servant leadership puts serving first, takes a holistic approach, shares decision making, and builds community. REF: 199 13. According to Peter Senge’s theory, all of the following are disciplines for building a learning learning organization except: a. Systems thinking b. Personal mastery c. Mental models d. Emotional competence
ANS: D Peter Senge’s theory is based on five disciplines: disciplines: (1) systems thinking, (2) personal mastery, mastery, (3) mental mental models, (4) shared vision, vision, and (5) team learning and tools and strategies to build a learning organization. Daniel Goleman stressed the importance of teaching emotional competence.
REF: 199 14. The nurse manager demonstrates self-confidence self-confidence in his ability to lead. He also describes himself as a visionary with empathy. Daniel Goleman identifies this behavior as: a. A servant leader b. A benchmark for excellence c. An emotional intelligence competency d. Contingent reinforcement leadership
ANS: C According to Goleman, one necessary emotional intelligence competency is being a visionary who can mobilize others to follow follow a vision through through selfconfidence, empathy, action as a change catalyst, and visionary leadership. REF: 200 15. The staff developer prepared a presentation for the hospital regarding diversity. What is the single most important factor predicting successful implementation implementation of a diversity progr am? am? a. Nurses’ support b. Administrative support c. Physicians' support d. Stake holders’ support
ANS: B Administrative Administrative support is the single most important factor predicting implementation success. REF: 203 16. The chief nursing officer (CNO) scheduled performance evaluations for one male nurse manager and one female nurse manager. Which leadership skill would the CNO expect to find in the leadership styles of both genders? a. Autocratic management style b. Aggressive communication skills c. Skills in networking outside the organization d. Nondirective management management style
ANS: C Both male and female leaders maintain a complex network of relationships with people outside the organization. REF: 204 17. The nurse applicant revealed during a job interview that he had undergone a below-the-knee amputation. amputation. After the the interview, the nurse manager manager thanked the nurse for coming in but said she was sorry that she would not be able to hire him (even though there were openings available). What law did the nurse manager violate? a. The Rehabilitation Act b. The Civil Rights Act c. The Americans with Disabilities Act d. The Equal Employment Opportunity Act
ANS: C In 1990, Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act to eliminate discrimination discrimination against people with physical or mental disabilities in the workplace. Applicants with disabilities have indicated that they have been refused job interviews, turned down for jobs for which they are qualified, given lesser responsibilities than others, passed over for promotions, and denied health insurance. REF: 206 18. Which kind of followers believe they must please the boss? a. Effective followers b. Conformist followers c. Alienated followers d. Ineffective followers
ANS: B Conformist followers followers believe that they must always please the boss.
REF: 207 19. A staff nurse did not agree with the nurse manager about the new staffing policy. What is the best way for the staff nurse to handle the situation effectively? a. Discuss the disagreement in a public forum b. Try to develop solutions to the problem c. Bring up the problem during a Joint Commission Commission survey d. Tell the nurse manager that the manager’s decision was unprofessional
ANS: B The staff nurse should probably start with a private meeting with the nurse manager with recommendations in hand. The staff nurse would need administrative support support to change the policy and should not catch the manager by surprise in in public. REF: 207 20. A school nurse planned a health promotion program on character development development for a group of seventh-graders. seventh-graders. Which behavior most likely prompted the school nurse to develop the program? a. Increased teacher involvement b. Manifestations Manifestations of students’ trust of each other c. Students’ increasing use of sexual language while walking down the halls d. Decrease in sexual activity among teens
ANS: C A deterioration in language and increasingly self-destructive behavior, such as premature sexual sexual activity, indicate indicate a need for character character development. development. REF: 208 21. Part of the performance evaluation for a staff nurse focused on ethics and character development. What kind of activity demonstrates to the nurse manager that a staff nurse has a healthy character? a. Declining civic responsibility b. Attempt to create a caring workplace c. Promotion of exterior motivation d. Excessive drinking leading to increased absenteeism
ANS: B To promote character development, the organization must be a caring community. REF: 208 22. Which professional statement statement makes it clear that a nurse’s responsibility is first to the patient and second to the institution? a. Nursing’s Social Policy b. Nursing’s Social Social Justice Policy Policy c. The Code of Ethics d. The bylaws of the American Organization of Nurse Executives
ANS: C The Code of Ethics makes it clear that a nurse’s responsibility is first to the patient and second second to the institution. institution. REF: 209 23. A staff nurse began a graduate program focusing on health systems management. To be prepared as an effective leader in a health care agency, the staff nurse would probably benefit the most from instruction in which area? a. Information Information systems b. Computerized charting c. Computerized medical records d. Self-regulation of nursing practice
ANS: A The American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the American Organization of Nurse Executives specify the need for education about information systems for nurse administrators. REF: 209 24. The primary difference between leadership and management is that leadership is more outcomes oriented and management is more: a. Process oriented b. Solutions oriented
c. Conflict resolution oriented d. Organization oriented
ANS: A Nursing leadership leadership is broader than management management and is concerned concerned with doing the right things. It does overlap some with management, but the latter is more process oriented oriented and is concerned concerned with doing things right. REF: 210 25. Which of the following trends is most important for the twenty-first-century leader and manager? a. Shortage of health care facilities b. Spread of Asian flu c. Shortage of medication d. Globalization
ANS: D Health care economics, globalization, innovation, succession, safety as it relates to the nursing shortage, and achievement of magnet status are topics of major importance for leaders and managers in the twenty-first century. REF: 210
