Ligar e desligar: Estudo exegético de Mateus 18:18

Ano 3 - Número 1 - 1º. Semestre de 2007 www.unasp.edu.br/kerygma p.49

TRABALHOS DE CONCLUSÃO DE CURSO - 2006 LIGAR E DESLIGAR: UM ESTUDO EXEGÉTICO DE MATEUS 18:18 Elton Batista Bacharel em Teologia pelo Unasp, Campus Engenheiro Coelho, SP TCC apresentado em dezembro de 2006 Orientador: Orientador: Wilson Paroschi, Ph.D. [email protected]

RESUMO: Em Mateus 18:18, Jesus disse que tudo que a Igreja “ligasse” ou “desligasse” na Terra, o mesmo se daria no Céu. Essa autoridade de que trata o texto tem recebido várias interpretações: (1) seria uma autoridade de estabelecer doutrinas; (2) de perdoar pecados; ou (3) aplicar disciplina eclesiástica. Essa pesquisa tem o objetivo de buscar uma melhor interpretação do texto, por meio de um estudo contextual e léxico-gramatical das principais palavras do verso. Concluí-se que a passagem trata da disciplina eclesiástica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: autoridade da Igreja, perdão de pecados, estabelecimento de doutrinas, disciplina eclesiástica, Mateus.

“Bind” and “Loose”: A Exegetical Study of Matthew 18:18 ABSTRACT: In Matthew 18:18, Jesus said that all that the Church would “bind” or “loose” in Earth would be equally done in Heaven. This authority given to the Church, in this text, has been the object of many interpretations: (1) this is an authority to establish doctrines; (2) to forgive sins; or (3) to exercise ecclesiastic discipline. This research had the goal of searching for the best understanding of this text by meanings of a contextual and lexical-grammatical study of the main words in the text. The conclusion reached is that the text deals with the question of ecclesiastic discipline. KEYWORDS: Church’s authority; forgiveness of sins; establishment of doctrines; ecclesiastic discipline; Matthew.

www.unasp.edu.br/kerygma/monografia5.01.asp

49

ELTON BATISTA DE SOUZA

LIGAR E DESLIGAR: um estudo exegético de Mateus 18:18

Trabalho de Conclusão de curso apresentado como requisito parcial à obtenção da graduação no Bacharelado em Teologia do Centro Universitário Adventista Adventista de São São Paulo. Prof. Wilson Paroschi Cordeiro, Ph.D.

Engenheiro Coelho – S.P. Dezembro de 2006

SUMÁRIO .......................................................................... ..................................................... ........................... 1 INTRODUÇÃO ................................................ 0.1. Problema ................................................. ........................................................................... ........................................... ................. 1 0.2. Propósito.............................................. Propósito........................................................................ ............................................... ..................... 1 0.3. Metodologia Metodologia .................................................. ........................................................................... ...................................... ............. 1 0.4. Delimitações Delimitações ................................................... ............................................................................. .................................... .......... 1

CAPÍTULOS ..................................... 2 I PRINCIPAIS INTERPRETAÇÕES DE MATEUS 18:18 ..................................... 1.1. Autoridade Autoridade doutrinária doutrinária ................................................. ........................................................................ ....................... 2 1.2. Autoridade Autoridade para perdoar perdoar pecados pecados .................................................... ...................................................... .. 3 1.3. Autoridade Autoridade para para disciplina disciplina eclesiástica eclesiástica (excomunhão) (excomunhão) ...................... ...................... 4 1.4. Interpretações Interpretações alternativas alternativas .............................................. ................................................................. ................... 7 1.5. Conclusão Conclusão parcial ............................................... ........................................................................ ................................ ....... 8 ......................................................... ....... 9 II. CONTEXTO HISTÓRICO E LITERÁRIO .................................................. 2.1. Contexto Contexto histórico histórico .................................................... .............................................................................. ............................ 9 2.2. Contexto literário......................................... literário.................................................................. ...................................... ............. 12 2.2.1. Contexto Contexto amplo amplo .................................................. ................................................................... ................. 12 2.2.2. Contexto Contexto imediato ................................................... ............................................................... ............ 13 2.3. Conclusão Conclusão parcial parcial ............................................... ........................................................................ .............................. ..... 13 ............................... 14 III. ANÁLISE LÉXICO-GRAMATICAL DE MATEUS 18:18 ............................... 3.1. Insights Insights léxicos léxicos preliminares preliminares sobre sobre o texto texto ....................................... ....................................... 14 3.2. Análise de e ................................................... ........................................................................ ..................... 15 3.3. Comparação Comparação entre Mateus 18:18 e 16:19................................... 16:19......................................... ...... 18 3.4. Conclusão Conclusão parcial parcial ............................................... ........................................................................ .............................. ..... 19 ............................................................................ ................................................... ........................ 20 CONCLUSÃO ................................................. ............................................................................. .............................................. .................... 22 BIBLIOGRAFIA ...................................................

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BIBLIOGRAFIA ?V?%lQ 8&Y #C Handbook of Church Discipline: A Right and Privilege of Every Church. g0&-7 @&437*v%Z, t/-7(06&-Q "ef`C a?]t ( lDnW#ZV#@C Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eejC ^ 6/5*C a?t?g]Z?Q P&)5/ >#7CAC Bíblia de Jerusalém. lR/ P&)5/, #73'/0& P&)5)*Q UjjUC a@JkWQ D/53-C :@(7(-LR/BC Z- D/553- a0/b- ( ]/'M&0 D/(-(- >(7*CAC O Novo Dicionário de Teologia do Novo Testamento. lR/ P&)5/, l/.3(7&7( @(5323/*& #73LI(* r37& W/6&Q "eehC U 6/5*C a_[@ZDqQ g(/02( ?C >#7CAC The Interpreter’s Bible: The Gospel According to St. Matthew; The Gospel according St. Mark. W(b c/0d, ?O3-27/- P0(**Q "ehUC "U 6/5*C DJ]]ZWlQ @&Y$/-7C :a3-7 &-7 ]//*(BC Z-, V&637 W/(5 (' &5C >(7CAC The Anchor Bible dictionary. W(b c/0d, V/)O5(7&Y ?-.M/0 a//d*Q "eeUC i 6/5*C D?]rZWQ 8/M-C Calvin’s Commentary. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, ?**/.3&'(7 P)O53*M(0* &-7 &)'M/0*Q *C7CC e 6/5*C D?@lJWQ VC ?Cm %JJQ V/)25&* 8Cm %J@@ZlQ ](/-C A Introduction to the New Testament. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, t/-7(06&-Q "eeUC DJ@aJQ r302353/C D&4(0-&)$C Z-, V&637 W/(5 (' &5C >(7*CAC The Anchor Bible dictionary. W(b c/0d, V/)O5(7&Y ?-.M/0 a//d*Q "eeUC i 6/5*C D_]]%?WWQ J*.&0C Peter: Disciple, Apostle, Martyr. PM35&7(54M3&, [M( k(*'$3-*'(0 P0(**Q "eifC V?rZVlJWQ \C O Novo Comentário da Bíblia. ^C (7C lR/ P&)5/, l/.3(7&7( @(5323/*& #73LI(* r37& W/6&Q "eehC ^ 6/5*C V?c[JWQ k35O(0 [CQ John 20:23; Matthew 16:19 and 18:18 in the Light of Greek Perfect TensesC [M( ?*O)0Y l($3-&03&-Q "ef`C VJW?n_#Q 8/M- @C [&H D/55(.'/0 Z-, V&637 W/(5 (' &5C >(7*CAC The Ancor Bible dictionary. W(b c/0d, V/)O5(7&Y ?-.M/0 a//d*Q "eeUC i 6/5*C #?@]#Q @&54MQ (' &5CQ Wesleyan Bible Bible Commentary. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eieC i 6/5*C \@?WD#Q @C [C ( %J@@ZlQ ](/- >(7CAC Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "e+hC Uj 6/5*C g?#a#]#ZWQ \0&-d #C >(7CAC The Expositor’s Bible Commentary. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, t/-7(06&-Q "efeC Uj 6/5*C

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g?@]?WVQ V&637C A Literally & Theological Commentary on the First Gospel. %&./-Q g(/023&, l$Y'M o n(5bY* P)O53*M3-2Q Ujj"C gZWg@ZDnQ \C kC ( V?Wq#@ \C kCQ  3-,Shorter Lexicon of the Greek New Testament. DM3.&2/, _-36(0*3'Y /G DM3.&2/ P0(**Q "e+^ g@_V#%Q k&Y-(C Teologia Sistemática. lR/ P&)5/, #73LI(* r37& W/6&Q UjjUC n?]#Q a0/&7)* VC Introdução ao Estudo do Novo testamento. @3/ 7( 8&-(30/, 8_#@PQ "e+^ n?@@ZlJWQ #C Introduction to the New Testament. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "ei`C n?@@ZlJWQ @C qC :g(-'35(*BC Z- [#WW#cQ %(00(Y >(7CAC Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eifC h 6/5*C n#W@cQ %&''M(bC Comentario Exegético-devocional a Toda la Bíblia. a&0.(5/-&Q #*4&-M&, D]Z#Q "e+^C n?gW#@Q V/-&57 ?Cm a0).( %('K2(0 >(7CA Word Biblical Commentary: Matthew 14 – 28. W&*M6355(, W(5*/- P)O53*M(0*Q "eehC hU 6/5*C 8#@#%Z?lQ 8/&.M3$Q Teologia do Novo Testamento. lR/ P&)5/, P&)53-&*Q "effC €€€€Q The Problem of the Historical Jesus. PM35&7(54M3&, \/0'0(** P0(**Q "ei`C 8#@J%#C Z-, PM3534 l.M&GG >(7CAC A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church: Second Series. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eh`C "^ 6/5*C q##W#@Q D0&32 lC A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eeeC q#c]JDqQ ]C @C :a3-7 &-7 ]//*(BC Z- %(00(Y [(--(Y >(7CAC Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eifC h 6/5*C qZ[[#]Q g(0M&07C Theological Dictionary of New Testament. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "e+^C "j 6/5*C qZlQ %30/*5&6C :n/53-(** /G 'M( .M)0.MBC Z- g(0&57 q53-2O(35C %&0'3- gC q53-2O(35m %32)(5 ?-2(5 Wpw(K >(7*CAC Pensar la Iglesia Hoy: Hacia una eclesiología adventista. #-'0( @3/*, #73'/03&5 _-36(0*37&7 ?76(-'3*'& 7(5 P5&'&Q UjjUC ]Zgn[\JJ[Q 8/M-C Commentary in the New Testament from the Talmud and Hebraica. P(&O/7YQ %&**&.M)**(''*, n(-703.d*(- P)O53*M(0Q "e+^C h 6/5*C ]_[#@JQ %&0'3-M/C Z- ?0-357/ \32)0 >(7CA (' &5C Martinho Lutero: Obras selecionadas, o programa da reforma, escritos de 1520. lR/ ](/4/57/v@l, #73'/0& l3-/7&5Q UjjjC i 6/5*C

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]_tQ _503.MC The Theology of Gospel of Matthew. D&$O0372(, D&$O0372( _-36(0*3'Y P0(**Q Ujj^C %J@g#W[n?]#@Q @C :'(00&B 3-, a0/b- ( D/(-(- >(7*CAQ O Novo Dicionário de Teologia do Novo Testamento. lR/ P&)5/, l/.3(7&7( @(5323/*& #73LI(* r37& W/6&Q "eehC U 6/5*C %J@@ZlQ ](/-C The Gospel According to Matthew. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eeUC %J_][JW 8C nC ( %Z]]Zg?W gCQ The Vocabulary of the Greek New Testament. ]/-7/-, n/77(0 &-7 l'/)2M'/-Q "ehUC %_]]#@ ( %#VZWgQ :&$&00&0B 3-, a0/b- ( D/(-(- >(7*CAQ O Novo Dicionário de Teologia do Novo Testamento. lR/ P&)5/, l/.3(7&7( @(5323/*& #73LI(* r37& W/6&Q "eehC U 6/5*C WZDnJ]Q \0&-.3* VC Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary. k&*M3-2'/-Q VCDC, @(63(b &-7 n(0&57Q "e+jC f 6/5*C P?[[#Q V&-3(5C The Gospel According to Matthew: A Structural Commentary on Matthew’s Faith. PM35&7(54M3&, \/0'0(** P0(**Q "e+fC @Ja#@[lJW ?C [CQ Word Pictures on the New Testament: The Gospel According to Matthew; The Gospel According to Mark. q0(2(5 P)O53.&'3/-*Q Ujj^C @JDn?Q 8/*= %CQ Organização e Administração Eclesiástica. -/'&* 7( *&5& 7( &)5&Q UjjhC @JDn#Q P&)5C The Bible’s Greatest Stories. W(b c/0d, P(-2)3- a//d*Q "eejC @_lDJWZQ D&05/*Q Dicionário do Grego do Novo Testamento. lR/ P&)5/, P&)5)*Q Ujj^C l%Zg?Q g(/02(C Pain and Polemic: Anti-Judaism in the Gospels. %&Mb&MQ W8, P&)53*' P0(**Q "eeUC lP@J_]Q @C DC >(7CAC Bíblia de Estudo de Genebra. lR/ P&)5/, #73'/0& D)5')0& D03*'RQ "eeeC l[?WVZWg#@Q \Cm  3-, a&5K ( l.M-(37(0m Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eejC ^ 6/5*C l[@JWgQ ?)2)*')* nC Teologia Sistemática. lR/ P&)5/, #73'/0& n&2-/*Q Ujj^C U 6/5*C l_~[JWZJQ D&3/C A Vida dos Doze Césares. lR/ P&)5/, %&0'3- D5&0('Q UjjhC [?lq#@Q @C rC gC Mateus: Introdução e Comentário. lR/ P&)5/, r37& W/6&Q "e+jC [n#JVJ@#[C Z-, PM3534 l.M&GG >(7CA A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "eieC "^ 6/5*C

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[J_ll?ZW[Q l'&-5(Y VC Behold the King: A Study of Matthew. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, q(0(2(5 P)O53.&'3/-*Q "e+jC

B 3-, rZW#Q kC #C B  3-, Diccionário Expositivo de Palabras del Nuevo Testamento. a&0.(5/-&, D]Z#Q "e+`C knZ[#Q #55(- gC Atos dos Apóstolos. [&')SQ lP, D&*& P)O53.&7/0& a0&*35(30&Q "eej €€€€Q O Desejado de Todas as Nações. [&')SQ lP, D&*& P)O53.&7/0& a0&*35(30&Q "ee"C kZg@?%Q g(/02( rC The Englishman’s Greek Concordance of the New Testament. g0&-7 @&437*Q %ZQ "efjC kZ]qZWlQ %3.M&(5C Discipleship in the Ancient World and Matthew’s Gospel. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, a&d(0 a//d*Q "eehC cJ_WgQ @/O(0'C Analytical Concordance to the Bible. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q "efhC t?n]Q P&)5 \C %C A Short Systematic Theology. g0&-7 @&437*Q %Z, #(07$&-*Q UjjjC

Ligar e desligar: Estudo exegético de Mateus 18:18

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