Saipem
LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS
TRAINING COURSE No. 13
2/7/2013
Saipem / HSE DEPAR DEPARTEMENT TEMENT /
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OPERATIONS • • •
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PRELIMINARY LIFTING OPERATIONS’ VERIFICATION: VERIFICAT ION: Weight evaluation Sling lifting point Cranes lifting capacity ( diagrams and lifting chart ) Weight ripartition (baricenter concept) Sling lifting point
WEIGHT SLINGING VERIFICATION: •
Lifting gear capacity
Use of soft materials between sharp edge and the sling •
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LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS EQUIPMENT SAFETY MAINTENANCE ASSESSMENT
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RECOMMENDED SLING ANGLE
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SLINGING AND LIFTING OF LOADS
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LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: •
Presence of materials not secured
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Pay attention to the positions of hands & feet
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Knowledge of conventional crane signal
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The weight must be free from obstruction and not connected to the ground
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LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: •
•
•
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Presence of obstacles in the direction of the lifting. Keep the weight close to the ground level. The chains or slings are to be free from obstacles Tag controlling line must be used.
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LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: •
•
Horseplay or standing on lifted weight is forbidden. The crane operator must follow the banksman indication during the lifting operations.
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LIFTING OPERATIONS SHIFTING OF LOAD
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SLINGING AND LOAD’S LIFTING
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CHOKER HITCH
THE CHOKER HITCH IS OFTEN USED WHEN GRIPPING THE LOAD & WILL IMPROVE LOAD CONTROL.THE THE CAPACITY OF A CHOKER CAPACITY OF A HITCH IS CHOKER HITCH IS 75%TO 80% OF BASED ON THE HITCH THE SINGLE BEING PROPERLY LEG. FORMED. IN OTHER CHAIN, WIRE FOR THE FULL CHOKER ROPE AND CAPACITY TO BE SYNTHETIC SLINGS ARE AVAILABLE, THE ANGLE AFFECTED OF CHOKE FOR ALL TYPE OF SLINGS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 120° •
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LIFTING OPERATIONS PRELIMINARY VERIFICATION: •
presence of obstruction in the working area.
•
weight landing area clearly defined.
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don’t keep the load suspended.
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good stacking position ( pipe).
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slowly raise the weight.
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LIFTING OPERATIONS LOWERING OF LOADS
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CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT
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CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT
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CALCULATION OF MATERIALS’ WEIGHT CONVENTIONAL W EIGHT OF MATERIALS
MEASURAMENT UNIT
WEIGHT IN KG.
STEEL
ONE CUBIC METER
7600 - 8100 KG.
W ATER AT 4 DEGREE C'
ONE CUBIC METER
1000 KG.
ASBESTOS
ONE CUBIC METER
2100 - 2800 KG.
BRONZE
ONE CUBIC METER
7500 - 8300 KG.
CONCRETE
ONE CUBIC METER
2200 - 2500 KG.
ALLUMINIUM
ONE CUBIC METER
2800 KG.
IRON
ONE CUBIC METER
7400 - 7900 KG.
CAST IRON
ONE CUBIC METER
7000 - 7800 KG.
W OOD
ONE CUBIC METER
760 - 950 KG.
NICHEL
ONE CUBIC METER
8900 - 9200 KG.
BRASS
ONE CUBIC METER
8500 - 8600 KG.
STONE
ONE CUBIC METER
3000 KG.
LEAD
ONE CUBIC METER
11200 - 11300 KG.
COPPER
ONE CUBIC METER
8600 - 8900 KG.
SAND
ONE CUBIC METER
2000 KG.
TIN
ONE CUBIC METER
7300 - 7500 KG.
ZINC
ONE CUBIC METER
7200 KG.
MATERIALS
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CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING
SLING 1
SLING 2
10000kg
D1=5m
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WHEN LIFTING VERTICALLY,THE LOAD WILL BE SHARED EQUALLY IF, THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS PLACED EQUALLY B/W THE PICK POINTS.IF THE WEIGHT OF THE LOAD IS 10000Kg, THEN EACH SLING WILL HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg. EACH SHACKLE AND EYE BOLT WILL ALSO HAVE A LOAD OF 5000Kg.
D2=5m
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CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING THE LOCATION OF THE CENTRE OF SLING 1
SLING 2
GRAVITY RELATIVE TO THE PICK POINTS IS A
VERY IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION
10000kg
D1=5m
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D2=5m
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CENTER OF GRAVITY AND SLING LOADING
SLING 1
SLING 2
10000kg
WHEN THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY IS NOT EQUALLY SPACED B/W THE PICK POINTS, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS WILL NOT CARRY AN EQUAL SHARE OF THE LOAD. THE SLING CONNECTED TO THE PICK POINT CLOSEST TO THE CENTRE OF GRAVITY WILL CARRY THE GREATEST SHARE OF THE LOAD. SLING 2 IS CLOSEST TO C.O.G,IT WILL HAVE THE GREATEST SHARE OF LOAD: SLING2=10000 X 8/(8+2)=8000kg
D1=8m
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D2=2m
SLING1=10000 X 2/(8+2)=2000kg
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THE RIGGING TRIANGLE AND THE WORKING LOAD LIMITS OF RIGGING GEAR ALL ADD TO 180 DEGREES
INCLUDED ANGLE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE
HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE
LOAD
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HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE
IN MOST LIFTS, ONLY A SINGLE HOOK IS AVAILABLE. THIS MEANS THAT MULTIPLE LEG SLINGS MUST BE COLLECTED AT THE LOAD HOOK. WHEN THIS IS DONE, WE FORM WHAT WE CALL A RIGGING TRIANGLE. THE INCLUDED ANGLE IS CHECKED FOR PROPER CONNECTION OF HOIST HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING. THE SLING ANGLE MUST BE KNOWN TO PROPERLY SELECT SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION.
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THE RIGGING TRIANGLE BASIC FACTS SIDE LOADING CAN OCCUR AT LOAD. SLING LENGTH AFFECTS HORIZONTAL SLING ANGLE. 30° VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS BEST, 60° IS WORST. AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE LOAD IS “CRUSHED” AND SLINGS WORK HARDER. THE FITTINGS AT LOAD CONNECTION SEE SAME LOAD AS SLING.
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WHEN COLECTED AT THE HOOK OR COLLECTOR RING, SLINGS PLACE A SIDE LOAD ON THE EYE BOLT OR LIFTING POINT AT THE LOAD.
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THE RIGGING TRIANGLE 30 DEGREE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE YOU HAVE A 30° (OR SMALLER) VERTICAL SLING ANGLE WHEN: LENGTH OF SLING (INCLUDES SHACKLE) IS EQUAL TO OR LONGER THAN DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS
LENGTH OF SLING
TAPE
AS THE SLING LENGTH IS SHORTENED, THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS INCREASED AS THE SLING LENGTH IS INCREASED, THE SLING ANGLE IS DECREASED.
DISTANCE BETWEEN PICK POINTS 2/7/2013
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THE INCLUDED ANGLE HOIST HOOKS
DO NOT EXCEED 90 DEGREES.
THE WORKING LOAD DEPENDS ON IT AND THE SLINGS SIT IN THE BASE OF THE HOOK AND CLEAR OF THE LATCH.
INCLUDED ANGLE: 90 DEGREES MAXIMUM
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NEVER FOUL THE LATCH OF ANY HOOK, CARE MUST BE TAKEN WHEN PLACING SLINGS INTO HOOK. NEVER “FOUL” A LATCH BY ALLOWING THE SLING TO BEAR AGAINST THE LATCH.
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THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER EACH SLING SEES 1/2 OF WEIGHT. PLUS CRUSHING LOAD
AS THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES GREATER, THE SLINGS AND FITTINGS AT THE LOAD CONNECTION WORK HARDER. THE SLINGS ALSO PLACE MORE CRUSHING FORCE ON THE LOAD.
AS VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BECOMES LARGER, THE CRUSHING LOAD GOES UP. 2/7/2013
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THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE LOAD MULTIPLIER SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X FACTOR
30°
45°
60°
80°
1.155
1.414
2.0
5.789
(1.2)
(1.4)
(2)
(6)
SLING LOAD= VERTICAL LOAD X L/H
10 2/7/2013
30
45
ANGLE GREATER AS THE SLING ANGLE APROACHES 60°,THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES SIGNIFICANTLY. ABOVE 60° THE MULTIPLIER INCREASES EVEN MORE DRAMATICALLY. NEVER ALLOW A VERTICAL SLING THAN 60°.
60 DEGREES
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THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE L/H AND LOAD MULTIPLIER
L H
IN THE RIGGING TRIANGLE, IF YOU TAKE THE LENGTH OF THE SLING,( BEARING POINT TO BEARING POINT) AND DIVIDE BY THE DROP, YOU HAVE THE LOAD MULTIPLIER.
L/H = LOAD MULTIPLIER
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MEASURE THE VERTICAL SLING ANGLE BY USE OF L/H
L
H
IF L/H
VERTICA ANGLE
1.155 (1.2)
30 DEGREES
1.414 (1.4)
45 DEGREES
2
60 DEGREES
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THE USE OF L/H OFFERS US SEVERAL TOOLS THAT CAN BE USED IN RIGGING. THE MOST BASIC TOOL IS THAT THE SLING ANGLE CAN BE MEASURED BY USE OF A TAPE MEASURE.
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CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH LEG BY USE OF L/H
L H
10000kg IF L/H
THEN LOAD
1.2
1.2 X 5000=6000 kg
1.4
1.4 X 5000=7000kg
2
2 X 5000=10000kg
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A MORE POWERFUL TOOL IS THE USE OF L/H TO CALCULATE THE LOAD IN EACH SLING LEG AND IN THE FITTING AT THE LOAD CONNECTION. REMEMBER THAT THE LOAD MULTIPLIER INCREASE THE VERTICAL LOAD(THE LOAD IF THE SLINGS WERE PULLING STRAIGHT UP).
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DETERMINE CAPACITY OF BRIDLE IF ANGLE DIFFERENT FROM THAT ON TAG IF VERTICAL SLING ANGLE IS GREATER THAN THE ANGLE INDICATED ON THE TAG, THE SLING CAPACITY
MUST BE DERATED
CAPACITY= CAPACITY ON TAG X L/H FOR ANGLE ON TAG L/H FOR ACTUAL ANGLE
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LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS
LIFTING CAPACITY VARIATION RELATED WITH THE SLINGS ANGLE
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LIFTING OPERATIONS METALLIC WIRE AND CABLE
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HOISTS HOOKS LATCH REQUIREMENTS ANSI\ASME REQUIREMENTS “HOOKS SHALL BE EQUIPED WITH LATCHES” “LATCH EQUIPPED HOOKS SHALL BE USED”
PERSONNEL BASKETS AND LOCKING LATCHES-OSHA “HOOKS SHALL BE OF TYPE THAT CAN BE CLOSED AND LOCKED”
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HOOKS ON CHAIN FALLS, BLOCKS, BLOCK AND TACKLE AND HOISTING WINCHES MUST HAVE LATCHES.
WHEN USED IN PERSONNEL LIFTING, THE LATCHES LOCKING METHOD MUST BE ENGAGED. 33
LIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGING REMOVAL AND HOOK RAISING
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LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS •
SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR
VERIFICATION OF METALLIC SLINGS WHEN IS IT REQUIRED TO REPLACE THE SLING ?
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LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS CAUSES OF SLINGS BREAKING: •
Overloading
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Bending on shape edge
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Reductions of resisting sections (wire broken).
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Wire squeeze
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Wire eccessively worn
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METALLIC ROPES BREAKING CAUSES AND MAJOR DAMAGE
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LIFTING OPERATIONS SLINGS, CHAINS & LIFTING GEAR •
WORK HARDENING
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WEAR
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LOOSE WELDING
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FLESSION ACTIONS
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YIELD
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CHAINS LIFTING CAPACITY REDUCTION RELATED TO THE WORKING ANGLE
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LIFTING OPERATIONS NYLON AND TEXTILE ROPES
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LIFTING OPERATIONS - HOOKS
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LIFTING OPERATIONS CLAMPS AND PULLEY SECTION
DISTANCE
DIAMETER OF THE BOLT 2/7/2013
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LIFTING AND RIGGING OPERATIONS COMMON INJURIES HAPPENED AT THE RIGGERS: Squeeze ( at finger, feet & hands ).
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Abrasion, cutting, prick.
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Contusion in some part of the body.
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Falling from elevation.
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