FOUNDATIONS OF LIFE SCIENCE
1.__________ is the study of heredity, which is the passing of traits from one generation to the next. 2. Ecology examines how various organisms interact with ____________. a. b. c. d.
their environment nucleic acids and proteins other organisms living in oceans populations of microorganisms microorganisms
3.Genetics is the study of __________. a. b. c. d.
DNA heredity proteins all of the above
4.What is the name of the field of the life sciences that studies the nervous system? a. b. c. d.
Neuroscience Neuroscience Immunology Epidemiology Morphology
5.What is the name of the field of the life sciences that studies insects? a. b. c. d.
Entomology Virology Botany Bacteriology
6.Which fields study red blood cells and viruses? a. b. c. d.
anatomy and physiology microbiology and cell biology cell biology and virology immunology and virology
7.________ is the study of molecules, such as DNA and proteins. a. b. c. d.
Molecular Biology Immunology Cell Biology Physiology
8.What kind of scientist studies dolphins? a. b. c. d.
geneticist morphologist cell biologist marine biologist
9.________ is the study of cellular structure and function. a. Cell Biology b. Morphology c. Neuroscience
d. Molecular Biology
10.Which of the following describes a scientific law? a. b. c. d.
A scientific law explains what usually happens in nature. A scientific law explains an aspect of the natural world based on repeated observations. A scientific law is a proposed explanation for something that is testable. A scientific law describes what always happens under certain conditions in nature.
11.Which of the following is a scientific theory related to Astronomy? a.
Giant Impact Theory
b. Atomic Theory c. The Big Bang Theory d. Quantum Field Theory 12.When can a scientific theory be changed? a. b. c. d.
When new evidence is found. When a new scientific law is made. When the hypothesis changes. all of the above
13.Some living things produce more offspring than others, so they pass more genes to the next generation than others do. This process is called _____. a. b. c. d.
Artificial selection Natural selection Variation None of the above
14.What are the features of a good hypothesis? It must be __________. a. b. c. d.
testable able to provide measurable results able to be proven wrong able to provide yes or no answers
15.Which of the following steps is/are part of a scientific investigation? a. b. c. d.
make an observation ask a question form a hypothesis all of the above
16.A hypothesis _________. a. b. c. d.
is the first step in a scientific investigation. can only be proved correct. is a possible question to a scientific answer. can be proved incorrect.
17.The process of a scientific investigation is called the __________. a. b. c. d.
investigation method scientific observation scientific method scientific evidence
18.A possible answer to a scientific question is called a(n) ___________. a. b. c. d.
scientific answer observation factual answer hypothesis
19.Which is the correct order in a scientific investigation? a. b. c. d.
ask a question, test the hypothesis, communicate results, draw conclusions make observations, ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis draw conclusions, ask a question, form a hypothesis, test the hypothesis ask a question, make observations, test the hypothesis
CELL BIOLOGY
20.Lithium (Li) has similar properties to what other element? a. b. c. d.
Na C He O
21.Who developed the Periodic Table? a. b. c. d.
Dmitri Mendel Gregor Mendel Charles Darwin Dmitri Mendeleev
22.Which of the following is a molecule and a compound? a. b. c. d.
O2 N2 H2O H2
23.A __________ is any combination of two or more atoms. A __________ is a combination of two or more elements. 24.Carbon is an example of an __________. 25.Which of the following is in the correct order, from largest to smallest? a. b. c. d.
tissue – organelle – cell - atom tissue – cell – organelle - compound organ system – organ – organelle - organism organism – organ – organelle - cell
26.Who first used the term “cell” when looking at a slice of bark under the microscope? a. b. c. d.
Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek George Smiley Samuel Clemens
27.Specialized cells include _____________. a. b. c. d.
nerve cells red blood cells skin cells All of the above
28.What is the relationship between tissues and organs? a. b. c. d.
Organs are formed from tissues. Tissues are formed from cells. Organ system are formed from organs. None of the above
29.Which organelle stores water for the plant cell? a. b. c. d.
the vesicle the large central vacuole the chloroplast the vacuole
30.Who discovered single-celled protists? a. Zaccharias Janssen b. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
c. Antoine Hooke d. Robert Hooke 31.TEM means ________. a. Transmission Electron Microscopy b. Telecom Electron Microscopy c. Technical Electron Microscopy
32. Which of the following is a role of the cell wall?
a. b. c. d.
Provides structural support and protection Maintains turgor pressure against the cell wall. Allows water and nutrients to move into and out of the cell through its pores. Prevents the plant cell from bursting when water enters the cell.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS and CELLULAR RESPIRATION
33. The fluid within the chloroplast is the __________.
34. __________ are the organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
35. Which organelle stores water for the plant cell? a. b. c. d.
the vesicle the large central vacuole the chloroplast the vacuole
36. The products of photosynthesis are __________ and __________.
37. During _____, autotrophs use light energy to conv ert carbon dioxide and water into ox ygen and energy-rich carbohydrates.
a. b. c. d.
Photosynthesis Chemiosmosis Respiration None of the above
38. Photosynthesis takes place in a single chemical reaction. ( True/False )
39. Glucose is the food of plants. ( True/False ) 40. the root is the food factory of a plant. ( True/False ) 41. Photosynthesis occurs in the epidermis of leaves. ( True/False ) 42. The opening and closing of stomata is controlled by the process of osmosis. ( True/False ) 43. Photosynthesis is the process to make food in the absence of sunlight. ( True/False )
44. Glucose is the main product of photosynthesis. ( True/False ) 45. Photosynthesis changes light energy to chemical energy. ( True/False ) 46. __________ from the sun is captured in the bonds of __________ during photosynthesis. 47. The
exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen during __________ and __________ worldwide helps to keep atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide at stable levels.
48. Which statement is not true concerning photosynthesis?
a. b. c. d.
Chemical energy in glucose is converted to chemical energy in ATP. Light energy is used to make glucose and oxygen. Light energy from the sun changes to chemical energy in glucose. Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast.
49. If plants were removed from an area, how would the path of carbon be affected?
a. b. c. d.
Plants would not be able to make sugar. Carbon dioxide in the air would not be used to make sugars in the plants. Animals would not have food to eat. Birds would not have a place to live.
50. Which statement is not true concerning cellular respiration?
a. b. c. d.
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide is formed, and it can be used in photosynthesis. Chemical energy in glucose is converted to chemical energy in ATP. Light energy is used to make ATP.
51. What is an outcome from a lack of oxygen?
a. b. c. d.
Much less ATP is produced. Much less glucose is produced. Much less water is used. all of the above
52.The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid does not require NADH. ( True/False ) 53. The end products of alcoholic fermentation are carbon dioxide and ethanol. ( True/False ) 54.Alcoholic fermentation is a metabolic pathway found in the cytosol of cells in all living organisms. ( True/False ) 55. Anaerobic respiration is less effective than aerobic respiration. ( True/False ) 56._______ fermentation makes ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide from sugars. ( True/False )
57. Which stage of aerobic respiration also occurs during fermentation? a. b. c. d.
Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport None of the above
58.What is the waste product of alcoholic fermentation? e. f. g. h.
Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Ethanol
59.What is needed by our cells to allow aerobic cellular respiration to proceed? i. j. k. l.
oxygen ATP carbon dioxide water
60.What is the net gain in ATP molecules produced during the reactions of glycolysis under anaerobic conditions? m. n. o. p.
6 2 0 4
61.Lactic acid fermentation is used to make which of the following products? q. r. s. t.
drinking alcohol bread yogurt all of the above
CELL DIVISION, MITOSIS and MEIOSIS
62. __________ is the phase of nuclear division, where one nucleus divides and becomes two. 63. Interphase consists of what part of the cell cycle? a. b. c. d.
G1 and G2 G1, S, G2 and the mitotic phase G1, S and G2 The S and mitotic phase
64.How many times does DNA replicate during the cell cycle? e. f. g. h.
Never Twice Three times Once
65.The stage of the cell cycle when DNA is copied. i. j. k. l.
Mitosis Anaphase Prophase Interphase
66. _______ is the phase where the cell undergoes rapid growth and the cell performs its routine functions. m. n. o. p.
S G0 G1 G2
67. Sperm is a female gamete. ( True/False ) 68.Gametids do not divide by meiosis; rather they divide by mitosis. ( True/False ) 69.In human females, the process in which mature eggs are produced is called oogenesis. ( True/False ) 70.During the maturation phase, primary spermatocytes undergo mitotic division. ( True/False ) 71.It is the primary gametocyte that goes through meiosis I. ( True/False ) 72.The process of producing eggs in the ovary is called spermatogenesis. ( True/False ) 73. The sperm cell contributes only __________ to the zygote.
74. Formation of gametes is known as _____. a. b. c. d.
Gametogenesis Morphogenesis Both A and B None of the above
75.What happens to the polar body? e. f. g. h.
It is broken down It eventually becomes an egg It becomes a diploid cell It eventually becomes a sperm
76.________ produces one haploid egg cell and three polar bodies. i. j. k. l.
Oogenesis Spermatogenesis Gametogenesis None of the above
77. What must happen to produce two genetically identical daughter cells? a. b. c. d.
the zygote must form the chromosomes need to replicate the cell cycle must occur the nucleus and cytoplasm need to divide
78. DNA replication is the replication of the __________. 79. In the process of cell division, the parent cell divides to form the _____. a. b. c. d.
Twin cells Baby cells Sister cells Daughter cells
80.Mitosis followed by cell division results in e. f. g. h.
two cells with half as much DNA as the parent cell. two genetically identical cells. four cells with half as much DNA as the parent cell. two genetically different cells.
81.Cytokinesis means _____. i. j. k. l. 82.
Splitting of the DNA Splitting of the cytoplasm Splitting of the nucleus Splitting of the genes
