I. Choose the correct verb in each of the following sentences below. 1. Each of us (needs, need) more a pplication and concentration. 2. Everyone of them (is, are) to blame for the accident. 3. The audience in t oday‘s conference (is, are) big. 4. Here (comes, come) some ta rdy students. 5. A big number of books (does, do) not always make a library. 6. Not one of their friends (has, have) come to their rescue. 7. My scissors (is, are) not sharp. 8. Her mother, together with her t wo brothers, (is, are) arriving today from Davao. 9. Rice and fish (constitute, constitutes) a typical Filipino farmer meal. 10. Sixteen and a half feet (makes, make) a red. 11. Three feet (is, are) equal to one yard. 12. Here and there a man like the astronauts and the scientists (dares, dare) to venture to the unknown. 13. Occasionally a group of children and t eenagers, (disturbs, disturb) our fiesta. 14. The class decided to see how one of these present-day cars (is, are) assembled. 15. Memory of summer escapades and summer friends soon (fades, fade) in the first exciting days of college freshman year. 16. A series of project (was, were) planned by the students. 17. Mother is one of those women who (doesn‘t, don‘t) support Women‘s Library. 18. He who (perseveres, persevere) will succ eed. 19. To these four questions (was, were) added a fifth. 20. Majority of the people (is, are) happy about the situation. 21. A series of experiments (was, were) conducted. 22. Ten pounds of flour (is, are) sufficient. 23. Ten bags of flour (is, are) in the garage. 24. Five percent of the proceeds (was, were) forfeited. 25. Fifteen (is, are) one-fifth of seventy-five. 26. Brains, not brawn, (counts, count) more. 27. Not brawn, but brains, (counts, count) more. 28. The wear and tear of life (was, were) too much for her. 29. There (was, were) a man, a woman, and a child in the room waiting to be served. 30. Neither of the boys (was, were) responsible for what happened. 31. One of the prisoners who (is, are) required needs to be scrutinized. 32. The ethics of dining (is, are) a neglected art. 33. What (is, are) the vital statistics of each candidate. 34. Aunt Nena (look, looks) at these old photographs. 35. I (remembers, remember) that visit now! 36. Lily (puts, put) her hand in the bee hive. 37. You (cut, cuts) your foot on a piece of broken glass. 38. Ben (falls, fell) from the mango tree yesterday. 39. Uncle Martin (took, takes) your pictures last summer. 40. Delia and I (are, were) absent from the meeting yesterday. 41. Some of the votes (seem, seems) to have been miscounted. 42. The tornadoes that tear through this county every spring (is, are) more than just a nuisance. 43. There (have, has) to be some people left in that town after yesterday‘s flood. 44. A high percentage of the population (is, are) voting for the new school. 45. Some of the grain (appears, appear) to be contaminated. 46. A high percentage of the people (was, were) voting for the new school. 47. He seems to forget that there (is, are) things to be done before he can graduate. 48. Either the physicians in this hospital or the chief administrator (is, are) going to have to make a decision. 49. (Is, Are) my boss or my sist ers in the union going t o win this grievance? 50. Kobe Bryant, together with his teammates, (presents, present) a formidable opponent on the basketball court. ENGLISH GRAMMAR TEST 2 SUBJECT – SUBJECT – VERB VERB AGREEMENT (lecture) The verb change form not only in t ense but also in person and number. The person and number of a verb determined by the person and number of its subject. A verb is singular in form when it end in-s or – or – es, es, for example walks , rings, plays, calls, describes , catches, does, chooses, loses. loses. The root or base form of the verb is referred to as its plural form . It is used with all kinds of subject s except the third person, singular which call for the s-form.
Rules of Subject Verb Agreement in Standard English 1. Subjects and verbs must agree i n number. This is the cornerstone rule that forms the background of the concept. Example‖ a. He asks many questions about his work. b. We ask for help every every day. c. The dog growls when he is angry. d. The dogs growl when they are angry.
2. Each , everyone, everybody, everyone, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, nobody, no one, either, and neither are singular. They take sing ular verbs. Example: a. Every loyal Filipino must do his share. b. Nobody except except juniors is admitted to the course. c. Either of these two cars is a good bargain. d. Neither my sweater nor your jacket is in the car. e. Each, as far as I have been able to judge, has something to offer.
3. Don‘t get confused by the words that come between the subject and verb; they do not affect agreement. The dog, who is chewing on my jeans , is usually very good.
4. Prepositional phrases between the subject and verb usually do not affect agreement. Example: The colors of the rainbow are beautiful. 5. A. Singular subject s j oined by or or nor require a singular verb. Example: a. Neither my niece nor my nephew expects to go to Davao. b. Either Mary or Jane is behind behind all this.
B. Plural subjects joined by or or nor require a plural verb. Example: Neither the foreman nor the workers are here.
C. If two subjects connected by eit her or or neither nor differ in person or number the verb agrees with the nearer subject. Example: a. Either the workers or the owner is responsible. responsible. b. Either the owner or or the workers are responsible. c. Neither the midwife nor the twins are ready.
6. When sentences start with ―there‖ or ―here,‖ the subject will always be placed after the verb, so care needs to be taken to identify it correctly. Example: There is a problem with the balance sheet. Here are the papers you requested.
7. Subjects don‘t always come before verbs in questions. Make sure you accurately identify the subject before deciding on the proper verb form to use. Examples: Does Lefty usually eat grass? Where are the pieces of this puzzle.
8. Compound subjects joined by ―and‖ normally require plural verbs. Examples: a. His coat and cap are lying on the bed. b. A horse and a carabao are in the pasture. c. The cow and the pig are jumping over the moon.
9. The verb is singular if the two subjects separated by and refer to the same person or thing. Examples: Red beans and rice is my mom‘s favorite dish. Bread and butter is my breakfast.
10. Indefinite pronouns such as ―every‖, ―no‖, ―everybody‖, etc. typically take singular verbs. Examples: Everybody wants to be loved. No smoking or drinking drinking is allowed. Every man and woman is required to check in.
11. The only time when the object of the preposition factors into the decision of plural or singular verb forms is when noun and pronoun subjects like some, half, none, more, all, etc. are followed by a prepositional phrase. In these sentences, theobject of the preposition determines the form of the verb. Examples: All of the chicken is gone. All of the chickens are gone.
12. The pronoun ―you‖ even if it refers to one person require a plural verb. Examples: a. Mary, you were there last night. b. Peter, are you going? going?
13. The singular verb form is usually used for units of measurement. Example: Four quarts of oil was required to get the c ar running.
14. Nouns plural in form but singular in meaning take singular verbs , for example, politics, economics, physics, mathematics. Examples: a. Ethics deal with problem of moral duty. b. Physics is my favorite favorite subject.
15. In ― there is ― and‖ there are‖ sentences, make the verb agree with the subject that follows it. Examples: a. There is too much noise in this room. b. There were several good good reasons for my decision.
14. When a relative pronoun is used as the subject of clause, the form of the verb is determined by the antecedent of the pronoun, because the pronoun has the same person and number that the antecedent has. Examples: a. I have met the woman who is on the program (woman…is) b. I have met the women who who are on the program (women…are) (women…are) c. She is one of those girls who are never on time (girls…were)
16. * Pronouns (few, many, several, both, all, some) always t ake the plural form. Example:Few were left alive after the flood.
17. If two infinitives are separated by and they take the plural form of the verb. Example: To walk and to chew gum require great skill.
18. When gerunds are used as the subject of a sentence they take the singular verb form of the verb, but when they are linked by and they ta ke the plural form. Example: Standing in the water was a bad idea.Swimming in the ocean and playing drums are my hobbies.
19. A collective noun is considered singular when the group is regarded as a unit; it is plural when the emphasis is upon the individuals of the group. A plural noun of amount , distance etc., takes a singular verb when the subject is used as a unit of measurement . sample mass noun: committee ,jury ,band Example: a. The class is orderly. b. The class are divided on their plan to go to Baguio. c. Twenty pesos is t oo much to pay for a hand kerchief. d. Thirty kilometers is a good day‘s ride. e. The herd is stampeding.
20. Titles of books, movies, novels, etc. are treated as singular and take a singular verb. The Burbs is a movie starring Tom Hanks.
21. Final Rule – Remember, only the subject affects the verb!
QUIZ Copy and paste this online quiz to word processor and email your work to this address
[email protected]. Your output shall be the basis of your work for the week. Decide and underline which of the verbs within the parentheses is to the parentheses is the correct one. 1. The committee (has, have) fi nished their report. 2. Thirty pesos (is, are) too much to pay for a bag. 3. Not one of my physics problems (was, were) answered correctly. 4. Our dog, with her five puppies (sleeps, sleep) to the terrace. 5. You, who (is, are) outstanding teachers should represent us. 6. Only one of my nieces (was, were) late. 7. Your schedule of classes (are, is) posted on the bulletin board. 8. He says that nobody (is, are) to be admitted until three. 9. Either of your two suggestions (is, a re) practical. 10. There (is, are) several more applicants to be interviewed. 11. Either of these two television sets (is, are) a good bargain. 12. The committee (has, have) finished its project. 13. There (seems, seem) to be some objections to the class members. 14. Neither my truck nor my tract ors (is, are) running well. 15. A list of candidates for graduation (have, has) been distributed. 16. Not one of the incidental fees (were, was) collected during the registration. 17. Behind the kitchen (is, are) a bicycle and t wo plows. 18. Be sure there (is, are) no erasures of the thesis. 19. The marketing manager or his assistant (is, are) always on duty. 20. Neither my sister nor my brother (except, excepts)to go Switzerland.
TENSE OF THE ENGLISH VERBS In grammar, tense is a distinctive form of verb, which indicates the time of its action or assertion. The traditional labels of the tenses of the verbs are principally words denoting time such as past, present, future. Thus, it is assumed that the function of tense is to show time. There are six tenses: three simple tenses, and three compound as perfect tenses. The three simple tenses are: present, past, and future. In addition to the six tenses, there are progressive forms of the verb. All of these tense forms suggest time constraints or boundaries. In English, most sentences require a verb which necessarily occurs in a tense form to indicate time. This indication of time may also be supplied by an adverb. In addition, an adverb may modify the t ime suggested by the tense of the verb. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE As suggested by its label, the present tense denotes present time. In sentences, it has four functions: to refer to a habitual action, to express general truth, to indicate a permanent condition, and to state a present fact, simple futurity or habitual presents. Examples: 1. My father reads newspapers every morning. (habitual action) 2. To err is human. (general truth) Oil floats on water. (In this particular example the present tense is used to make a statement that is generally true without reference to time.) 3. The sun rises from the east. ( permanent condition) 4. The Philippines has a lot of foreign debts. ( present fact) THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE The simple past tense is used to denote an action which is definitely completed in the past. Example: The courier delivered the letter yesterday. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE The simple future tense denotes an action which will happen or will occur at some future time. Example: The country will recover from the present economic crisis. THE PROGRESSIVE FORM OF THE VERB The progressive form of the verb expresses action that at a given time or event is in progress or continuing. Usually, in a progressive construction of the actual activity is emphasized by the progressive form of the verb. Examples: The members of the committee are studying all the research proposals. It was raining when the games started. At the time we will be there, they will still be preparing the hall for the conference. SOME REMINDERS IN THE USE OF THE VERBS *AGREEMENT OF VERB AND ITS SUBJECT 1. The verb with the compound subject joined by ―and‖ is plural. 2. When the two words of a compound subject refer to the same person or
thing or otherwise form a unit, the verb is usually singular. 3. When the singular subject is joined to a related noun by a preposition or expression such as with, together with, as well as, in addition to, the verb is singular. 4. The Collective nouns are singular in form but refer to a group of objects, persons or acts, such as army, jury, committee, public, team, etc. When the group is meant as a unit, the verb is singular, when the individuals are meant, the verb is plural. 5. A number of terms of amount and measure have collective agreement, with the singular the more common. 6. In a sentence, a singular subject always requires a singular verb despite long intervening phrases or clauses containing plural nouns. 7. Relative clauses i ntroduced by who or that or which have verbs agreeing with the pronoun‘s antecedent. QUIZ The following quiz involves the application of the use of simple tenses and the pointers on agreement. Choose the correct form of the verb in the parentheses in each of the following sentences. Copy and paste this online quiz in Word Processor and e-mail to this address
[email protected]. This will serve as your quiz and attendance for the week‘s session. 1. The children ________ (watch, watches, watched, are watching) the fishing boats scattered all over the lake on moonlight nights. 2. After spending two weeks in the islands, the tourists _______ (go, went, going ) home carrying in their minds a beautiful picture which _____ (be, are, is ) both inspiring and ennobling. 3. During our visit to Tagaytay we ____ (go, went, goes ) to a point where we ____ (have, had, has) a good view of Taal Volcano which ____ (be, is, are) several feet below sea level. 4. During sunsets the lake _____ (appear, appears, will appear, appeared) peaceful. 5. As I _____ (lie, lay, lying, lied) awake in the dark last night, I ______ (realize, realizing, will realize, realized) how necessary light (be, is, are) _____. 6. Many visitors ______ (go, goes, went) up to Baguio in summer. 7. The city government _______ (collect, collects, will collect, collected) higher taxes stating next month. 8. Laguna Bay _______ (abound, abounds, abounded) in fish. 9. We _____ (meet, met, will meet) again and when that time ______ (come, comes, will come) I _____ (hope, hopes, will hope) to see you more charming, less impetuous, and more of a lady than you _______ (be, is, are) now. 10. Before you ______ ( leave, will leave, left) tell us what you ______ (do, did, done) with yourself in the United States. 11. Silas Marner is the story of a weaver who ______ (lose, lost, loss) his faith in man and God. 12. James Watt _______ (discover, discovers, discovered) that steam ______ (have, has, had) power. 13. When my great grandmother _______ (is, are, was) in element ary school her teacher in English ____ (be, i s, was, were) an American, but now there ¬¬______ (were, are, is, was) few American teachers in the school system. 14. We ______ (are, is, was, were) told that London fog _____ (last, lasts, lasted) hours and hours. 15. In our Biology class yesterday, our teacher______ (show, shows, showed) us how much nitrogen there _____ (is, are, were, was) in air. 16. Our experiment yesterday ______ (proved, prove, proves) t hat oxygen ______ (support, supports, supported) combustion. 17. Last week a marketing agent _____ (come, comes, came) to persuade my sister to buy a portable sewing machine. 18. The lecturer in our science class last week _______ (gives, gave, give) two proofs that air ______ (occupy, occupies, occupied) space. 19. The other day we _____ ( conduct, c onducted, conducts) and experiment to prove that air (exert, exerts, exerted) pressure. 20. Each one of us (need, needs) more application and concentration. 21. The Indonesian softball team (was, were) beaten by the Philippine team by a score of seven to four. 22. One of his tonsils ( was, were) removed. 23. Not one of the party (was, were) injured in the explosion. 24. The audience (is, are) leaving one at a time now. 25. The audience in today‘s conference (is, are) big. ENGLISH GRAMMAR TEST 4
VERBS A verb is often defined as a word which shows action or stat e of being. The verb is the heart of a sentence – every sentence must have a verb. Recognizing the verb is often the most important step in understanding the meaning of a sentence. In the sentence The dog bit the man, bit is the verb and the word which shows the action of the sentence. In the sentence The man is sitting on a chair, even though the action does n‘t show much activity, sitting is the verb of the sentence. In the sentence She is a smart girl, there is no action but a state of being expressed by the verb is. The word be is different from other verbs in many ways but can still be thought of as a verb. Unlike most of the other parts of speech, verbs change their form. Sometimes endings are added (learn – learned) and sometimes the word itself becomes different (teach-taught). The different forms of verbs show different meanings related to such things a s tense (past, present, future), person (first person, second person, third person), number (singular, plural) and voice(active, passive). Verbs are also often accompanied by verb-like words called modals (may, could, should, etc.) and auxiliaries(do, have, will, etc.) to give them different meanings. One of the most important things about verbs is their relationship to time. Verbs tell if something has already happened, if it will happen later, or if it is happening now. For things happening now, we use the present tense of a verb; for something that has already happened, we use the past tense; and for something that will happen later, we use the future tense. Some examples of verbs in each tense are in the chart below: Present
look move talk
Past
looked moved talked
Future
will look will move will talk
Verbs like those in the chart above that form the past tense by adding -d or -ed are called regular verbs. Some of the most common verbs are not regular and the different forms of the verb must be learned. Some examples of such irregular verbs are in the chart below:
Present
see
Usually a subject comes before a verb and an object may come after it. The subject is what does the action of the verb and the object is what receives the action. In the sentence Bob ate a humburger, Bob is the subject or the one who did the eating and the hamburger is the object or what got eaten. A verb which has an object is called a transitive verb and some examples are throw, buy, hit, love. A verb which has no object is called an intransitive verb and some examples are go, come, walk, listen. As you can see in the charts above, verbs are often made up of more than one word. The future forms, for example, use the word will and the perfect forms use the word have. These words are called helping or auxiliary verbs. The word be can serve as an auxiliary and will and shall are also auxiliary forms. The chart below shows two other verbs which can also be used as auxiliaries: Number Person Present Past Singular 1st (I) have had do did 2nd (you) have had do did 3rd (he, she, it) has had does did Plural 1st (we) have had do did 2nd (you) have had do did 3rd (they) have had do did
hear
speak
Past
saw
heard
spoke
QUIZ: NAME:_________________________________ YR/COURSE:______________ DATE:_______ Encircle your answer on the following questions: 1. Which is not a past form of the verb? was hear had looked spoke 2) Which is not a present form of a verb? are speak saw has talk
3) Which is not a plural form of a verb? are were am have do
4) Which is not a 3rd person singular form of a verb? goes has was are does
Future
will see
will hear
will speak
The charts above show the simple tenses of the verbs. There are also progressive or continuous forms which show that the action takes place over a period of time, and perfect forms which show completion of the action. These forms will be discussed more in other lessons, but a few examples are given in the chart below: Present Continuous - Present Perfect is looking – has looked is speaking – has spoken is talking – has talked
Simple present tense verbs have a special form for the third person singular. Singular means ―one‖ and plural means ―more than one.‖ Person is used here to show who or what does the action and can have the following forms: 1st person or the self (I, we) 2nd person or the person spoken to (you) 3rd person or a person not present (he, she, it, they) The third person singular forms are represented by the pronouns he, she, it. The chart below shows how the t hird person singular verb form changes: Singular -Plural 1st Person (I) see -1st Person (we) -see hear -hear come -come 2nd Person (you) see 2nd Person (you) -see hear -hear come -come 3rd Person (he, she, it) 3rd Person (they) sees -see hears -hear comes -come A verb must ―agree‖ with its subject. Subject-verb agreement generally means that the third person singular verb form must be used with a third person subject in the simple present tense. The word be – the most irregular and also most common verb in English – has different forms for each person and even for the simple past tense. The forms of the word be are given in the chart below: Number - Person – Present - Past - Future Singular- 1st (I) – am – was – will be - 2nd (you) – are – were – will be - 3rd (he, she, it)- is – was – will be Plural - 1st (we) – are – were – will be - 2nd (you) – are – were – will be - 3rd (they) – are – were – will be
5) Which is not a modal? must is should can may
6) Which is a regular verb? looked saw was spoke heard
7) Which is not a simple tense of a verb? will move heard has spoken will talk see
8) Which is not used as an auxiliary of a verb? was have did will sees
9) Which verb can be both singular and plural? sees has do am is
10) Which verb can be both singular and plural? was does have comes hears
Encircle the action verb in the following sentences. 1) I gracefully jumped over the old rotten log. 2) Bea ran as fast as she could to the store. 3) Bill and Jim carried the heaviest load of bricks. 4) The fire started in the basement in a pile of rags. 5) The world revolves around the sun in 364 days. 6) I walk to the store and get milk each morning. 7) Look at those fireworks! 8) The newborn baby cried for most of t he evening. 9) I ran after the ice cream truck. 10) Roger stood up to recite t he Pledge of Alligence.
Encircle the word that is NOT an action verb.
1) ran, and, jump, sing 2) hum, walk, in, lock 3) row, of, steer, shoot 4) carry, stand, frown, can 5) out, came, change, smile 6) laughed, cried, being, brushed 7) combed, am, rode, ate 8) slept, fell, listened, be 9) was, moaned, screamed, gasped 10) plays, wanted, were, leap AMERICAN LITERATURE Q In short bond paper, to be put together in a folder: 1. Give the complete list of the US Presidents according to their succession together with brief biography. 2. Give the complete list of all the US States, indicate their: a. geography/ location
b. population c. nickname d. symbols e. landmarks f. popular icons (personalities) g. etc. (other pertinent things about the State) * Note: Coverage of your semi-final exam will include post modernism, contemporary period, and some facts from the US States and Presidents. (Study well.)VERB TENSES 1
SIMPLE TENSES A. PRESENT TENSE The PRESENT TENSE indicates that an action is present, now, relative to the speaker or writer. Generally, it is used to describe actions that are factual or habitual — things that occur in the present but that are not necessarily happening right now: ―It rains a lot in Tagkawayan‖ is a kind of timeless statement. Compare that to the present progressive — ―It is raining in Tagkawayan‖ — which means that something i s, in fact, going on right now. * The present tense is used to describe events that are scheduled (by nature or by people): ―High tide is at 3:15 p.m. The Philippine All-Star Basketball game starts at 6:15 p.m.‖ * The present tense can be used to suggest the past with what is sometimes called the fictional (or historic) present: ―We were watching t he back door when, all of a sudden, in walks Dierdre.‖ * With verbs of communicating, the present tense can also suggest a past action: ―Shiela tellsme that she took her brother to the dentist.‖ * Most oddly, the present tense can convey a sense of the future, especially with verbs such as arrive, come, and leave that suggest a kind of plan or schedule: ―The train from Bicol arrivesthis afternoon at two o‘clock.‖ Singular – Plural I walk – we walk you walk – you walk he/she/it walks – they walk
Singular Plural I am – we are you are – you are he/she/it is – they are
Examples: I walk to work every day. The Talk ‗N Text team sometimes practices in this gymnasium. Dr. Santos operates according to her own schedule. Coach Freddie Roach recruits from countries outside the U.S.A. Ivee tells me she has committed to Alex. We work really hard to make this a success, and then look what happens. Every time that kid finishes a sandcastle, the waves come in and wash it away. The shipment arrives tomorrow at 2 p.m. B. PAST TENSE The PAST TENSE indicates that an action is in the past relative to the speaker or writer. * when the time period has finished: ―We went to Manila last Christmas.‖ * when the time period is definite: ―We visited Grandmother last week.‖ * with for, when the action is finished: ―I worked with the PNP for two months.‖ Regular verbs use the verb‘s base form (scream, work) plus the -ed ending (screamed, worked). Irregular verbs alter their form in some other way (slept, drank, drove). Singular - Plural I walked - we walked you walked - you walked he/she/it walked- they walked Singular Plural I slept - we slept you slept – you slept he/she/it slept – they slept Singular Plural I was – we were you were – you were he/she/it was – they were
Examples: When I was a girl, I walked five miles to school every day. Carmelita slept through the entire class. We worked really hard to make this a success, but then Jack ruined it wit h his carelessness. Every time I finished a sandcastle, the waves came in and washed it away. Tarzan dove into the swamp and swam toward the alligator. C. FUTURE TENSE
The FUTURE TENSE indicates that an action is in the future relative to the speaker or writer. There are no inflected forms for the future in English (nothing like those -ed or -s endings in the other tenses). Instead, the future tense employs the helping verbs will or shall with the base form of the verb: - She will leave soon. - We shall overcome. * The future is also formed with the use of a form of ―go‖ plus the infinitive of the verb: - He is going to faint. * English can even use the present to suggest the future tense: - I am leaving later today.‖ *Note that the auxiliary will can be combined with ―be‖ and a progressive form of the main verb to create a sense of the future that does not harbor any hint of insistence (which is possible with the auxiliary alone). For instance, if stress is placed on the word will in ―When will you arrive?‖, the sentence can sound impatient, insistent. In ―When will you be arriving?‖ there is less of
that emotional overtone. The construction form of to be + infinitive is used to convey a sense of planning for the future, command, or contingency. - There is to be an investigation into the mayor‘s business affairs. - You are to be back on the base by midnight. - If he is to pass this exam, he‘ll have to study harder. * To create a sense of imminent fulfillment, the word about can be combined with the infinitive. - He is about to die. * Other adverbs can be used in similar constructions with various effects: - He is liable to get in trouble. - She is certain to do well in college.
Singular – Plural I will walk – we will walk you will walk – you will walk he/she/it will walk – they will walk Singular Plural I will sleep – we will sleep you will sleep – you will sleep he/she/it will sleep – they will sleep Singular Plural I will be – we will be you will be – you will be he/she/it will be - they will be
Examples: We will be victorious! We shall overcome. We are going to win this race. The bus arrives at three this afternoon. The boss is announcing his retirement at today‘s meeting.
QUIZ: Copy the sentences below to Microsoft Word Processor. Underline the correct verb tense for each sentence and send your output to this email address (
[email protected]) Your output should be emailed to this day only (09-29-11).
1. I (goed, gone, went) to the mall after class. 2. What (do, were, did) you eat for lunch yesterday? 3. I (studying, studied, study) English for two years. 4. (Are, Did, Do) you see Jack‘s cat yesterday. 5. Sorry, I (wasn‘t, didn‘t, am not) hear you at the door. 6. We (was, did, were) not happy after the sad ending. 7. (Was, Were, Are) Kate and Alice at the meeting last month? 8. Zaq did not (work, worked, working) last weekend. 9. (Does, Did, Are) Joseph visit his girlfriend last night? 10. My brother (seen, saw, sees) a snake an hour ago. 11. We (do be, do are, are ) Asian. 12. You (looks, are, be) so happy today! 13. Jessie (is, does, are) not go to my school. 14. (Is, Are, Am) I correct? 15. My parents (lives, live, are live) in a two-storey house. 16. Sorry, Zyke (am, is, be) not here at the moment. 17. It (are,is,am) a beautiful day today! 18. He (do, does, is) not want to come to parties. 19. (Is, Am, Are) we too late to catch the bus? 20. Do you (like, likes, is like) chocolate fudge? *Fill in the spaces with the correct form of the verb in parentheses in simple future tense. Example: : I am feeling homesick. I (go) will go home to visit my family. Example: Steve, (wash) will you wash the car on Saturday? 21. I guess I (ride) _______ _______ the bus to save gas. 22. The cookies are all gone. (buy) _______ you _______ some, please? 23. Listen, team: we (win) _______ _______ the trophy this y ear! 24. Everyone is hungry. I (get) _______ _______ some doughnuts for breakfast. 25. Peter, (fix) _______ you _______ the porch tomorrow? 26. Becky, (go) _______ you _______ to Alaska with us this summer? 27. The house is dirty. I (clean) _______ ________ it on Monday. 28. Okay then, our group (meet) _______ ________ on Thursday. 29. Helga (hike) _______ you _______ with us on Friday? 30. If necessary, we (carry) _______ ________ the supplies in our car Saturday.American Literature (Post Modernism and
Contemporary Periods) POSTMODERNISM 1946-1980s
Content: people observe life as the media presents it, rather than experiencing life directly popular culture saturates people‘s lives absurdity and coincidence
Genre/Style: mixing of fantasy with nonfiction; blurs lines of reality for reader no heroes concern with individual in isolation detached, unemotional usually humorless narratives metafiction
present tense magic realism
Effect: erodes distinctions between classes of people insists that values are not permanent but only ―local‖ or ―historical‖
Historical Context: post-World War II prosperity media culture interprets values
Writers: Harper Lee – To Kill a Mockingbird Saul Bellow – The Adventures of Augie March and Herzog J.D. Salinger – The Catcher in the Rye ; Nine Stories Sylvia Plath – The Bell Jar Norman Mailer – The Naked and the Dead (1948) Joseph Heller – Catch-22 (1961) Kurt Vonnegut Jr. – Slaughterhouse-Five (1969) Walker Percy – The Moviegoer (1962)
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (continuation of Postmodernism) 1980s-Present
Content: identity politics people learning to cope with problems through communication people‘s sense of identity is shaped by cultural and gender attitudes emergence of ethnic writers and women writers
Style: narratives: both fiction and nonfiction anti-heroes concern with connections between people emotion-provoking humorous irony storytelling emphasized autobiographical essays
Effect: too soon to tell
Historical Context: people beginning a new century and a new millennium media culture interprets values
Writers: John Updike – Terrorist (2006) Zadie Smith – White Teeth (2000) Philip Roth – The Plot Against America (2005); Everyman (2006) Toni Morrison – Beloved (1987) David Mitchell – Ghostwritten (1999);Cloud Atlas (2004); number9dream (2001) Ian McEwan – First Love, Last Rites (1976); Atonement (2002); Saturday (2005) Jonathan Franzen – The Corrections (2001); The Discomfort Zone (2006) Isabel Allende – House of Spirits (1982) Don DeLillo – White Noise (1985) Michael Chabon – The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Cl ay(2000) Denis Johnson – Tree of Smoke (2007) Word Derivatives Quiz
Take This Quiz! Notes: 1. Toponym is a name derived from a place. 2. Portmanteau words are formed by blending two or more words, partially. High-tech from high/ technology; emcee from masters/of/ceremonies; smog from smoke/ fog. Lab is different from the choices because it is an example of apocopated word. 3. Acronym is adopting initial letters of related words, and reading as a single word. 4. Allonym words are names adopted from any source as in the e xamples. 5. Anagram is a coined word through transposition of letters. Plaridel is derived from del Pilar. 6. Apocopated words are shortenings without end punctuation.They are also called special abbreviations, journalistic words, colloquialism, and clipped words. 7. Antonomasia is a name taken from a fictional character as from a novel or from a legend. Mercury, in Roman mythology, is the messenger of the gods. 8. Memorial words are names derived f rom a prominent persons. 9. Kangaroo words are letters taken from long words without changing the original meaning. Cheese – cheez is an example of of technical language or shop talk used by some groups of people. These words usually proliferate because of advertisements. Song/festival – songfest is an example of portmanteau words. Advertisement – ads is an example of apocopated words. Tomb from the word catacomb is the correct answer. 10. Palindromic words are words that can be read forward and backward.
Select the best answer to each question.
1. Who wrote this line? ―Where ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be wise‖. a. Robert Browning b. William Shakespeare c. Rudyard Kipling d. Edgar Allan Poe
2. What nationality was Robert Louis Stevenson, writer of ‗Treasure Island‘? a. English b. Welsh c. Irish d. Scottish
3. Which Bronte writer authored ―Jane Eyre‖? a. Charlotte b. Emily c. Cristina d. Anne
4. In which century were Geoffrey Chaucer‘s Canterbury Tales written? a. 14th b. 15th c. 16th d. 17th
5. The following taboo phrases were used by which writer? ―I fart at thee‖, ―shit on your head‘, ―dirty bastard‖ a. Ernest Hemingway b. Henry James c. Ben Johnson d. Arnold Bronte
6. In the book‘ The Lord of the Rings‘, who or what is Bilbo Baggins? a. man b. hobbit c. wizard d. dwarf
7. Name the book which opens with the line ‗All children, except one grew up‘? a. The Jungle Book b. Tom Sawyer c. Peter Pan d. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
8. How many lines does a sonnet have? a. 12 b. 13 c. 14 d. 15
9. Who was the author of the famous storybook ‗Alice‘s Adventures in Wonderland‘? a. H.G. Wells b. Lewis Carroll c. Mark Twain d. E.B. White
10. ―Cabbages and Kings‖ (1904) is either a novel or a collection of related short stories written by O. Henry. In it, he coined the phrase ―banana republic.‖ On what was his title based? a. Mark Twain‘s ―The Prince and the Pauper‖ b. Alice Hegan Rice‘s ―Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch‖ c. ―The Shahnameh‖ — an 11th Century Persian epic poem d. Lewis Carroll‘s poem ―The Walrus and the Carpenter‖
11. Two versions of Robert A. Heinlein‘s novel ―Stranger in a Strange Land‖ have been published: the edited version first published in 1961 and the original full-length (60,000 words longer) published posthumously in 1991. From what does the title derive? a. The play ―Antony and Cleopatra‖ by William Shakespeare b. The Old Testament Book of Exodus c. The novel ―Gulliver‘s Travels‖ by Jonathan Swift d. The book ―Utopia‖ by Sir Thomas More
12. Southern American poet, novelist and literary critic Robert Penn Warren wrote ―All the King‘s Men‖ in 1946. The novel won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. On what is the book‘s title based? a. A verse in the nursery rhyme ―Humpty Dumpty‖ b. William Shakespeare‘s play ―Richard III‖ c. Oscar Wilde‘s short story ―The Young King‖ d. Joyce Kilmer‘s poem ―Kings‖
13. Which novel, eventually published in 1945, was rejected by a New York publisher stating ‗it is impossible to sell animal stories in the USA‘? a. Animal Farm b. Black Beauty c. Watership Down d. The Tale of Peter Rabbit
14. Which writer of spy fiction, and creator of Smiley, was rejected with the words ‗you are welcome to **** – he hasn‘t got any future‘? a. Ian Fleming b. John le Carré c. Eric Ambler d. Len Deighton
9. B – Lewis Carroll – Some of H.G. Wells‘ works are ―The Time Machine‖, ―The Island of Doctor Moreau‖, ―The Invisible Man‖, ―The War of the Worlds‖. He is also known as the Father of Science Fiction. Mark Twain is most popular in his ―Tom Sawyer‖ and ―The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn‖. E.B. White is well known of her novel ―Charlotte‘s Web‖.
10. D – Lewis Carroll‘s poem ―The Walrus and the Carpenter‖ 15. ‗The Good Earth‘ was rejected fourteen times, before being published and going on to win the Pulitzer Prize. Who was the author? a. Pearl S. Buck b. John Steinbeck c. Edith Wharton d. Henry Miller
11. B – The Old Testament Book of Exodus – Moses fled Egypt and married Zipporah. ―And she bare him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land.‖ Exodus 2:22 Authorized (King James) Version.
16. Irving Stone‘s ‗Lust for Life‘ was rejected sixteen times, with one rejection stating ‗a long, dull, novel about an artist‘. Which artist did the book feature? a. Sigmund Freud b. John Noble c. Michelangelo d. Vincent Van Gogh
12. A – A verse in the nursery rhyme ―Humpty Dumpty‖ – Robert Penn Warren is the only person to have won Pulitzer Prizes for both ficti on and poetry. A commemorative postage stamp was issued in the United States in 2005 to honor the 100th anniversary of his birth. Stage plays, television versions, several movies and even a grand opera have been based on Warren‘s novel.
17. Who is presented as the most honest and moral of Chaucer‘s pilgrims? a. The Knight b. The Parson c. The Reeve d. The Wife of Bath
13. A – ‗Animal Farm‘ was written by George Orwell, and is a satire on revolution and the corruption of power. One of the best known lines from it is ‗all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others‘. The rejection notice implies that the publisher did not actually read the book or totally misunderstood it if he did. ‗Watership Down‘ was written by Richard Adams and published in 1972. Anna Sewell wrote ‗Black Beauty‘, which appeared in 1877 and Beatrix Potter was the author of ‗The Tale of Peter Rabbit‘ from 1902.
18. Out of the following four pilgrims, which is the most corrupt? a. The Sergeant /Man of Law b. The Wife of Bath c. The Reeve d. The Pardoner
19. He translated ―The Fall of Princes‖ from the French. a. William Langland b. Sir Thomas Malory c. Geoffrey of Monmouth d. John Lydgate
20. What work contains these lines: ―There hurls in at the hall -door an unknown rider . . . Half a giant on earth I hold him to be.‖ a. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight b. Morte D‘arthur c. Piers Plowman d. Canterbury Tales
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ANSWER KEY and EXPLANA TION
1. B – William Shakespeare
2. D – Scottish – Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson was a Scottish novelist, poet, essayist and travel writer. His best-known books include Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde.
3. A – Charlotte – Charlotte‘s Jane Eyre was the first to know success, while Emily‘s Wuthering Heights, Anne‘s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and other works were later to be accepted as masterpieces of literature. Christina Georgina Rossetti was an English poet who wrote a variety of romantic, devotional, and children‘s poems. She is best known for he r long poem Goblin Market, her love poem Remember, and for the words of the Christmas carol In the Bleak Midwinter.
4. A – 14th – The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer at the end of the 14th century.
5. C – Ben Johnson –
6. B – hobbit – Bilbo Baggins is the protagonist and titular character of The Hobbit and a supporting character in The Lord of the Rings, two of the most well-known of J. R. R. Tolkien‘s fantasy writings.
7. C – Peter Pan – Peter Pan is a character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie (1860 – 1937). A mischievous boy who can fly and magically refuses to grow up, P eter Pan spends his never-ending childhood adventuring on the small island of Neverland as the leader of his gang the Lost Boys, interacting with mermaids, Indians, fairies, pirates, and (from time to time) meeting ordinary children from the world outside.
8. C – 14 – The term ―sonnet‖ derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning ―little song‖ or ―little sound‖. By the thirteenth century, it had come to signify a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure.
14. B – John le Carré – This was a rejection notice for ‗The Spy Who Came in From the Cold‘, which found another publisher in 1963. Le Carré had worked for both MI5 and MI6, the British intelligence services, and left to become an author full time following the success of this novel. Among Len Deighton‘s novels are ‗The Ipcress File‘ and Eric Ambler wrote ‗The Mask of Dimitrios‘. Fleming, of course, is the creator of probably the most famous spy of all in James Bond.
15. A – Pearl S. Buck – One rejection notice read ‗I regret that the American public is not interested in anything on China‘. The novel was published in 1931 and won the Pulitzer Prize the following year. Pearl S Buck wrote numerous other novels, including ‗East Wind, West Wind‘, short stories, biographies and non-fiction works and won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938.
16. D – Vincent Van Gogh – The book was published in 1934 and was so successful that it was made into a film of the same name, starring Kirk Douglas, in 1956. Irving Stone also wrote about all the other names given as options. Michelangelo was the subject of ‗The Agony and the Ecstasy‘, published in 1961 and also filmed, with Charlton Heston, in 1965. John Noble, an American artist, was the subject of ‗The Passionate Journey‘ from 1949. Sigmund Freud, the psychoanalyst, was covered in ‗The Passions of the Mind‘ in 1971.
17. B – The Parson – Despite the immorality that is apparent amongst the clergy, hope manifests itself in the form of the Parson, who is presented as an almost Christ-like figure. Although materially poor, he is spiritually empowered, for ―riche he was‖ of both ―hooly thoght and werk‖. Yet for every trap that Chaucer‘s Parson has avoided, there are thousands that have fallen into them, and in light of this, the goodness of Chaucer‘s Parson only serves to heighten the unruliness that is present in everybody else. For in the ―General Prologue‖ he is the only individual that completely measures up to the strict Christian ideal, which is something even the Church itself does not.
18. D – The Pardoner – The Pardoner, is certainly presented as one of the most corrupt of all Chaucer‘s pilgrims (along with the Summoner), making both ―the person and the peple his apes‖. His deception and ―feyned flaterye‖ convinces simple folks to purchase his phoney relics. He cheats and manipulates all that believe in the sanctity of the Church and the morality of those that represent it, so much so, that Chaucer himself can find nothing good to say about him. For thought ―He was in chirche a noble ecclesiaste‖, this is merely an act, for he would ―preche, and wel affile his tonge‖ for the sole purpose of of winning silver from the crowd.
19. D – He also translated ―The Siege of Thebes.‖ ―The Fall of Princes‖ is based on another work by Boccaccio. Lydgate is little known today, but in his own time he was nearly as renowned as Chaucer.
20. A – Sir Gawain and the Green Knight – The author of this Arthurian tale is unknown, but he is thought to have also written the poems ―Patience‖, ―Pearl‖, and ―Purity.‖Word Select the best answer to the question.
1. GNASH is related to TEETH as LISTEN is related to ____________. a. hear b. ears c. resolve d. dissuade
2. BREAD is related to BUTTER as POTATOES is related to ____________. a. gravy b. steak c. margarine d. lamb
3. PORCINE is related to PIG as BOVINE is related to ____________. a. boy b. cow c. sheep d. iodine
4. TAILOR is related t o NEEDLE as MECHANIC is related to ____________. a. engineer b. screwdriver c. tool chest d. brush
5. DISTANCE is related to M ILE as LIQUID is related to ____________. a. milk b. quart c. water d. meter
6. AUTOMOBILE is related to HIGHWAY as LOCOMOTIVE is related to ____________. a. station b. train c. track d. engine
7. SUGGEST is related to REQUIRED as REQUEST is related to ____________. a. ask b. demand c. suspect d. allow
c. phonograph d. radio
16. STOOPED is related to POSTURE as SLURRED is related to ____________. a. diction b. stance c. music d. action
17. RETRACT is related to STATEMENT as VOID is related to ____________. a. escape b. avoidance c. contract d. empty
18. FELONY is related to MISDEMEANOR as KILL is related to ____________. a. maim b. bury c. murder d. guilty
19. BEGGAR is related to POOR as FOX is related to ____________. a. skunk b. slow c. large d. sly
20. SCALPEL is related to KNIFE as NURSE is related t o ____________. a. doctor b. assistant c. hospital d. operation
_______________________________________________________________ ______________ 8. PROBLEM is related to SOLUTION as POISON is related to ____________. a. hemlock b. nitrate c. arsenic d. antidote
9. SAW is related to CUT as YARDSTICK is related to ____________. a. foot b. inch c. measure d. tool
10. AMBIGUOUS is related to CLARITY as TEMPORARY is related to ____________. a. transient b. permanence c. clear d. fragile
11. BOOK is related to CHAPTER as SONG is related to ____________. a. stanza b. sing c. music d. instrument
12. DELICACY is related to GOURMET as INSECT is related to ____________. a. bee b. pollen c. frog d. hive
13. AGILE is related to NIMBLE as FAST is related to ____________. a. swift b. slow c. perpetual d. racy
14. CHEMIST is related to LABORATORY as ARTIST is related to ____________. a. canvas b. museum c. easel d. studio
15. MOVIES is related to PROJECTOR as RECORDS is related to ____________. a. speakers b. tape recorder
ANSWER KEY and EXPLANA TION
1. B – The first word is the action of the second word. 2. A – The second is usually put on the first word. 3. B – The first word means ―pertaining to‖ the second word. 4. B – The second word is a tool of the first word. 5. B – The second word is a measure of the first word. 6. C – The first word travels on the second word. 7. B – The second word is an imperative (―must‖) of the first word. 8. D – The second word overcomes the first word. 9. C – The first word is the tool to do the second word. 10. B – The first word is the opposite of the second word. 11. A – The second word is a part of the first word. 12. C – The first word is eaten by the second word. 13. A – The first word is a synonym of the second word. 14. D – The second word is where the f irst word works. 15. C – The second word plays the first word. 16. A – The first word is a n impairment of the second word. 17. C – The first word nullifies the second word. 18. A – The first word is a more serious degree of the second word. 19. D – The second word is a characteristic of the first word. 20. B – The first word is a medical term for the second word.
