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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur dipanjatkan Kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas limpahan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Proyek Akhir dengan judul
“
PROSES PEMBUATAN ROLL PEMOTONG PADA MESIN
PENGGILING MIE dengan baik dan lancar. Laporan ini dibuat untuk memenuhi ”
salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya D3 Teknik Mesin Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Dalam menyelesaikan Laporan Proyek Akhir ini penulis mendapat pantauan, bimbingan, dan dorongan dari berbagai pihak terutama para pembimbing, dosen, rekan mahasiswa dan keluarga penulis. Maka dalam kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada : 1. Dr. Moch Bruri Triyono, selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. 2. Bambang Setyo Hari P, M.Pd, selaku Kajur Pendidikan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Fakultas Teknik Universitas Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. 3. Jarwo Puspito, M.P, selaku Ketua Program Studi D3 Teknik Mesin.
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .......................................................................................... i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ........................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGESAHAN ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ........... iii SURAT PERNYATAAN ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ................... ............... ..... iv HALAMAN HALAMAN MOTTO ............................... ................................................ .................................. ................................. ....................... ....... v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ........................................................................ vi ABSTRAK ABSTRAK .................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................... .. vii KATA PENGANTAR ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................... .......... viii DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI .................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. ................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ......... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN PENDAHULUAN ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ................... ................ ...... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ...................................................................... 1 B. Identifikasi Masalah ............................................................................ 4 C. Batasan Masalah ................................................................................. 4 D. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................... 5 E. Tujuan Tujuan ............................... ................................................. ................................... ................................. ............................... ............... 5 F. Manfaat Manfaat ................................. ................................................. .................................. .................................. ............................ ............ 6 G. Keaslian Gagasan ................................................................................ 7
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1. Mesin Mesin Bubut Bubut .......................... ........................................... ................................. ................................. ...................... ..... 12 2. Mesin Gergaji .............................................................................. 20 3. Mesin Frais .................. ......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................. ........ 21 4. Mesin Ketam Vertikal .............. .... ................... .................. ................... ................... ................... .............. .... 26 5. Peralatan Tambahan .................................................................... 27 E. Gambaran Teknologi ......................................................................... 33 1. Diskripsi Mesin ........................................................................... 33 2. Gara Kerja Mesin ........................................................................ 34 3. Proyeksi Kinerja .......................................................................... 34
BAB III KONSEP PEMBUATAN ................... ......... ................... ................... ................... ................... ................... ........... 35 A. Konsep Umum Pembuatan Produk ............... ..... ................... .................. ................... ................... ......... 35 1. Proses Pengubahan Pengubahan Bentuk Bahan ........... .. ................... ................... .................. ................. ........ 35 2. Proses Pengurangan Pengurangan Volume Bahan ........................... ................. ................... .................. ......... 36 3. Proses Penyelesaian Penyelesaian Permukaan .................. ......... ................... ................... ................... .............. .... 38 4. Proses Penyambungan ................................................................. 38 B. Konsep Yang Digunakan Dalam Pembuatan Roll Pemotong ..................... 39 1. Proses Penggergajian ................................................................... 39 2. Proses Pembubutan ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. .............. ..... 40 3. Proses Mengefrais ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ............... ...... 40 4. Proses Penslotter an an................................. ................................................. .................................. ...................... .... 41 5. Pembuatan Pembuatan Batang Pasak ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... ............... ...... 41 C. Proses Perakitan ................................................................................ 42
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3. Uji Kinerja .................................................................................. 56 C. Pembahasan ...................................................................................... 57 1. Mesin dan Alat Alat Yang Yang Digunakan Digunakan ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ............ ... 57 2. Proses Pengerjaan................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................. ........ 58 3. Kelebihan dan Kelemahan ........................................................... 59 BAB V PENUTUP ................................. ................................................. ................................. .................................. ........................ ....... 60 A. Kesimpulan Kesimpulan ................................ ................................................. .................................. ................................. ..................... ..... 60 B. Saran ............................... ................................................ .................................. ................................. ................................ ................ 61 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 62 LAMPIRAN LAMPIRAN ............................... ................................................ .................................. ................................. ................................. ................... .. 63
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 roll pemotong pada mesin penggiling mie ................... ......... ................... .................. ........... .. 8 Gambar Gambar 2.2 Pembebanan Pembebanan yang dialami poros. .................. ......... ................... ................... ................... .............. .... 10 Gambar Gambar 2.3 Mesin bubut................... ......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. ................. ........ 13 Gambar Gambar 2.4 Cekam Cekam rahang tiga tiga dan empat sepusat sepusat ............... ...... ................... ................... .................. ......... 15 Gambar 2.5 Kunci chuck ................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................ ................ 15 Gambar Gambar 2.6 Mesin gergaji ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... ................... ................... ............... ...... 20 Gambar Gambar 2.7 Arah pemakanan gergaji ............ .. ................... ................... ................... .................. ................... .............. .... 21 Gambar Gambar 2.8 Geometri mrah mata gergaji ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ............ 21 Gambar Gambar 2.9 Mesin frais horizontan horizontan dan frais vertikal vertikal ................... ......... ................... .................. ............ ... 22 Gambar Gambar 2.10 Jenis-jenis Jenis-jenis pisau frais. frais. ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ......... 24 Gambar Gambar 2.11 Mesin ketam vertikal ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... ................... ......... 27 Gambar 2.12 Center putar. putar. ............................ ............................................. ................................. ................................. ................... .. 28 Gambar 2.13 Steady rest . ................................. .................................................. ................................. ................................ ................ 28 Gambar 2.14 Center Bor .................... ..................................... ................................. ................................. .............................. ............. 29 Gambar Gambar 2.15 2.15 Macam-macam Macam-macam pahat
29
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1. Hasil pengujian kekerasan brinell .............................. ............................................... ...................... ..... 45 ................................................ .................................. ........................... .......... 46 Tabel 4.2 Roll Pemotong mie ............................... Tabel 4.3 Hasil Hasil Pembuatan Pembuatan Poros Beralur Beralur . .................. ........ ................... .................. ................... ................... ......... 53
Lampiran 2. Tabel Cutting Speed ............................... ............................................... .................................. ...................... .... 65 Lampiran 3. Tabel Tabel Spindle Speed Pada Mesin Bubut ................... .......... ................... ................... ........... 66 Lampiran 4. Tabel Putaran Pada Pada Mesin Mesin Frais Frais Vertikal ..................... ............ ................... ................. ....... 66 Lampiran 5. Harga kekasaran Ra dan angka kelas kekasaran ............. ... ................... ............... ...... 66 Lampiran 6.Tabel 6.Tabel Suaian untuk Tujuan-Tujuan Tujuan-Tujuan Umum Sistem Lubang Dasar Dasar .. . . 67 Lampiran 7. Tabel Korelasi Antara Antara Kekuatan Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasan Baja ......... 68 Lampiran 8. Cara menyatakan konfigurasi permukaan dalam gambar .............. 69 Lampiran 9. Diagram Diagram hubungan kadar kadar karbon dengan kekuatan kekuatan tarik baja ........ 70
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Gambar Komponen yang Dibuat ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ............ ... 64 Lampiran 2. Tabel Cutting Speed ............................... ............................................... .................................. ...................... .... 65 Lampiran 3. Tabel Tabel Spindle Speed Pada Mesin Bubut ................... .......... ................... ................... ........... 66 Lampiran 4. Tabel Putaran Pada Pada Mesin Mesin Frais Frais Vertikal ..................... ............ ................... ................. ....... 66 Lampiran 5. Harga kekasaran Ra dan angka kelas kekasaran kekasaran ................... ......... ................... ......... 66 Lampiran 6.Tabel 6.Tabel Suaian untuk Tujuan-Tujuan Tujuan-Tujuan Umum Sistem Lubang Dasar Dasar .. . . 67 Lampiran 7. Tabel Korelasi Antara Antara Kekuatan Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasan Baja ......... 68 Lampiran 8. Cara menyatakan konfigurasi permukaan dalam gambar .............. 69 Lampiran 9. Diagram Diagram hubungan kadar kadar karbon dengan kekuatan kekuatan tarik baja ........ 70 Lampiran 10. Daftar Presensi Pembuatan Proyek Akhir................. Akhir....... ................... .................. ......... 71 Lampiran 11. Kartu Bimbingan ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. .............. ..... 72 Lampiran 12. Sistematika Kerja ................... ......... ................... .................. ................... ................... .................. .............. ..... 73 Lampiran 13. Foto Uji Kinerja Mesin ................... .......... ................... ................... .................. ................... .............. .... 80 Lampiran 14. Gambar Komponen Mesin ......................... ................ .................. ................... ................... ............ ... 91
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah
Ilmu bahan makanan suatu bidang ilmu yang mempelajari ha-hal yang ada kaitannya dengan bahan makanan/bahan pangan. Mie adalah produk pangan yang terbuat dari terigu dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan pangan lain dan bahan tambahan pangan yang diizinkan, berbentuk khas mie. Sekitar empat puluh persen konsumsi gandum di Asia adalah mie (Hoseney, 1998). Produk mie umumnya digunakan sebagai sumber energi karena kandungan karbohidratnya yang relatif tinggi. Mie merupakan salah satu jenis makanan yang paling populer di Asia khususnya di Asia Timur dan da n Asia Tenggara. Menurut catatan cat atan sejarah, mie
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2
berkembang di sana dan diajarkan sebagai sebagai lembaran-lembaran tipis menyerupai mie. Pada awalnya mie diproduksi secara manual, baru pada tahuan 700-an sejarah mencatat terciptanya mesin pembuat mie berukuran kecil dengan menggunakan alat mekanik. Evolusi pembuatan mie berkembang secara besarbesaran setelah T.Masaki pada tahun 1854 berhasil membuat mesin pembuat mie mekanik yang dapat memproduksi mie secara masal. Sejak saat itu, mie mengalami banyak perkembangan, seperti di Cina mulai diproduksi mie instant yang dikenal dengan nama Chicken Ramen dan di Jepang muncul Saparo Ramen (1962).
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dan pemotongan mie, pada bagian bawah roll pemotong terdapat bak penampung hasil dari proses penggilingan mie, sehingga diharapkan dalam waktu singkat dapat menghasilkan mie dalam jumlah yang banyak. Bagian-bagian utama mesin penggiling mie antara lain :
Rangka, sebagai tulangan suatu mesin dibuat sekuat mungkin mengingat beban yang terdapat pada mesin cukup berat.
Roll penipis dan roll pemotong , sebagai penipis dan pemotong mie dibuat
sepresisi mungkin agar hasil dari adonan mie dapat sama.
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B.
Identifikasi Masalah
Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas dapat diidentifikasi beberapa masalah diantaranya adalah: 1. Mendisain dan merancangan mesin penggiling mie. 2. Persiapan bahan dan alat untuk membuat membuat mesin penggiling mie . 3. Persiapan proses pembuatan pada mesin penggiling mie. 4. Pembuatan roda gigi atas dan bawah pada mesin penggiling mie. 5. Pembuatan roll penipis pada mesin penggiling mie. 6. Pembuatan roll pemotong pada mesin penggiling mie.
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D. Rumusan Masalah
Berdasarkan batasan masalah tersebut maka dapat ditarik rumusan masalah yaitu: 1. Bahan apakah yang digunakan untuk membuat
roll pemotong pada mesin
penggiling mie? 2. Mesin dan alat apa sajakah yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan roll pemotong tersebut pada mesin penggiling mie? 3. Bagaimanakah proses pembuatan roll pemotong pada mesin penggiling mie ? 4. Berapakah alokasi waktu untuk proses produksi pembuatan roll
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F. Manfaat
Adapun manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari laporan pembuatan roll pemotong pada mesin mesin penggiling mie mie adalah : 1. Bagi Penulis a. Memenuhi mata kuliah Proyek Akhir yang wajib ditempuh untuk mendapatkan gelar ahli madya D-3 Teknik Mesin UNY. b. Sebagai suatu penerapan teori dan praktik kerja yang telah diperoleh sewaktu di bangku perkuliahan. Sebagai proses pembentukan karakter kerja mahasiswa dalam menghadapi
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b. Dengan menggunakan mesin penggiling mie dapat melakukan penipisan adonan gandum dengan cepat dan pemotongan
dalam jumlah jumlah banyak banyak
dengan kebutuhan tenaga yang minimal. c. Potongan adonan gandum menjadi mie dengan dihasilkan seragam, cepat,
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pBAB II PENDEKATAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH
A. Identifikasi Poros
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C. Identifikasi Poros Pada Mesin Penggiling Mie.
Poros merupakan salah satu bagian yang terpenting dari setiap mesin. Hampir setiap mesin meneruskan tenaga bersama-sama dengan putaran. Peranan utama dalam transmisi seperti itu di pegang oleh poros. (Sularso,
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Sistem transmisi dipergunakan untuk mengurangi kecepatan dari penggerak utama. Tetapi dalam prakteknya yang dititikberatkan bukan untuk menurunkan kecepatan melainkan untuk meningkatkan torsi. Apabila diperlukan torsi yang lebih besar untuk melakukan suatu proses, penggerak
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b. Kekuatan Poros
Meskipun sebuah poros mempunyai kekuatan yang cukup tetapi jika lenturan atau defleksi puntirnya terlalu besar akan menyebabkan ketidak telitian atau getaran dan suara. Karena itu, disamping kekuatan
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47
c.
Keselamatan Kerja.
1) Meletakkan alat-alat tangan dan alat ukur secara terpisah (tidak ditumpuk) dan rapi diatas meja bangku. 2) Berhati-hati dalam menggunakan alat-alat yang berputar. 3) Mengunakan alat-alat yang tepat dan sesuai fungsinya. 4) Mengerjakan sesuai dengan prosedur langkah kerja yang benar d.
Langkah kerja.
1) Mempelajari job sheet secara seksama. 2) Menyiapkan mesin dan peralatan. 3) Meyiapkan bahan yang akan di pergunakan.
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4.
Proses Pembuatan a. Roll Pemotong mie
Tabel 4.2. Proses pembuatan roll pemotong mie No.
Proses Pengerjaan
Alat dan bahan Digunakan
Parameter Pemesinan
1
Pemotongan bahan
a. Mesin
vf = f · n p
gergaji
Great Captain & kelengkapannya
b. Mistar ukur c. Penggores d. St 50 benda kerja Ø50mm
Langkah Kerja
a.
= 0,1. 40 =4 mm/menit
Tc= D/ vf = 50/4 = 12,5 menit Vf= kecepatan potong F = Feed Np= banyak langkah/menit Tc= waktu D = diameter
Waktu
Persiapkan mesin gergaji dan
Waktu nyata : 30 menit
perlengkapannya. b.
Cekam
benda
kerja
pada
ragum mesin gergaji. c.
Ukur panjang poros yang akan dipotong.
d.
Lakukan penggergajian benda kerja Ø50mm dengan panjang ±370 mm 2 buah.
e.
Matikan mesin gergaji dan lepas benda kerja dari cekam.
2
bubut Setting pahat dan benda kerja pada mesin a. Mesin bubut MARO.5VA & kelengkapannya
a.
Persiapkan mesin bubut dan perlengkapannya.
b.
Ukur kecukupan bahan untuk
b. Kunci Chuck
dilakukan
c. Kunci L
pembubutan.
d. Jangka sorong
c.
proses
Cekam benda kerja pada chuck mesin bubut dengan
panjang yang tidak dicekam ± 300 mm.
Waktu nyata : 15 menit
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3
Bubut facing
a. Mesin
bubut v = 44 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . MARO.5VA & n= . kelengkapannya
b. Pahat
bubut
karbida facing .
=
c. Senter putar
d. Kunci L e. Jangka sorong f. Bahan ST 50
=
a.
Atur
b.
Pasang pahat bubut facing
proses bubut.
c.
= 0,1 .280
putaran
spindel
d.
Lakukan pembubutan facing
Tc =
ujung benda kerja hingga
= 280 rpm
=
rata. = 265 rpm
= 28 / /
utama mesin bubut.
44000 157
Hidupkan
Waktu teoritis : = .
setinggi senter.
1000 . 44 3,14 . 50
parameter-parameter
e.
a = 0,1 mm
Matikan
putaran
spindel
26 28
. .10
= 9,2 9,2
utama mesin bubut. Waktu nyata : 10 menit
4
Mengebor senter
a. Mesin
bubut v = 30 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . v MARO.5VA & n= π.d kelengkapannya
b. Center drill c. Chuck bor
=
d. Kunci chuck bor e. Jangka sorong f. Bahan ST 50
=
a.
b.
Pasang
center drill
pencekamnya
3,14 . 4
dan
pada pasang
pada kepala lepas mesin bubut.
30000
= 2388 rpm
parameter-parameter
proses bubut.
1000 . 30
12,56
Atur
c.
Hidupkan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
d. Lakukan pengeboran dengan = 1900 rpm
center
drill
sampai
kedalaman ±2/3 dari panjang ujungnya.
e. Matikan
putaran
utama mesin bubut.
spindel
Waktu nyata : 5 menit
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5
Bubut rata
a. Mesin
bubut
MARO.5VA
&
d=
kelengkapannya b. Pahat
=
kanan. c. Kunci L d. Senter putar e. Jangka sorong f. Bahan ST 50
rata
do + dm 2 50+15
2 = 32,5 mm
bubut
karbida
a.
v = 32 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . n= . 1000 1000 . 32 = 3,14 .32,5 32000 = 102.05 = 313 rpm = 265 rpm a =0,5 mm
d= =
do + dm 2 15 + 1 4
2 = 14,5 mm
v = 44 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . n= . 1000 . 44 = 3,14 . 14,5 44000 = 45,53 = 966 rpm = 440 rpm a =0,1 mm
Atur
parameter-parameter
proses bubut. b.
Pasang
pahat
Waktu teoritis :
bubut
rata
= . = 0,4 .265
setinggi senter. c.
Hidupkan
putaran
= 106 106 / /
spindel
Tc =
utama mesin bubut.
d. Lakukan pembubutan rata =
memanjang sepanjang 65mm
.
60 106
.35
= 20
hingga ukuran benda kerja Ø14mm (ditopang dengan senter putar).
e. Matikan
putaran
utama mesin bubut.
spindel
= . = 0,2 .440 = 88 / / Tc = =
40 88
. .5
= 2 Tc tot = + =20+2 = 22
Waktu nyata : 30 menit
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6
Bubut chamfer 1 x 45°
a. Mesin
bubut v = 32 (Lampiran2) 1000 . MARO.5VA & n= . kelengkapannya
b. Pahat
bubut
karbida chamfer
=
c. Kunci L =
d. Senter putar e. Jangka sorong f. Bahan ST 50
a.
32000 43,96
= 727,9 rpm
parameter-parameter
Pasang pahat bubut chamfer setinggi senter.
c.
Hidupkan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
d. Lakukan
pembubutan
chamfer pada ujung poros
Ø14mm = 780 rpm
Waktu nyata : 5 menit
proses bubut. b.
1000 . 32 3,14 . 14
Atur
dengan
ukuran
chamfer 1x45°.
e. Matikan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
7
Bubut facing
a. Mesin
bubut v = 44 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . MARO.5VA & n= . kelengkapannya
b. Pahat
bubut
facing.
=
c. Senter putar
d. Kunci L e. Jangka sorong f. Bahan ST 50
=
1000 . 44 3,14 . 50 44000 157
= 280 rpm
a. Atur
proses bubut.
a = 0,1 mm
Waktu teoritis : = .
b. Pasang pahat bubut facing = 0,1 .280 .280
setinggi senter. c. Hidupkan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
= 28 / / = / / .
d. Lakukan pembubutan facing ujung benda kerja hingga rata. e. Matikan
= 265 rpm
parameter-parameter
putaran
utama mesin bubut.
spindel
= 26/28 26/28 .10 .10 = 9,2
Waktu nyata : 10 menit
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8
Mengebor senter
a. Mesin
bubut v = 30 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . v MARO.5VA & n= π.d kelengkapannya
b. Center drill
=
c. Chuck bor d. Kunci chuck bor
=
e. Jangka sorong f. Bahan ST 50
a.
Atur
parameter-parameter
proses bubut. b.
Pasang center drill pada
1000 . 30
pencekamnya dan pasang
3,14 . 4
pada kepala lepas mesin bubut.
30000 12,56
Waktu nyata : 5 menit
c.
Hidupkan putaran spindel utama mesin bubut.
= 2388 rpm
d. = 1900 rpm
Lakukan
pengeboran
dengan center drill sampai kedalaman
±2/3
dari
panjang ujungnya.
e.
Matikan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
9
Bubut rata
a. Mesin
bubut
MARO.5VA
&
kelengkapannya
d. e. f.
d= =
do + dm 2 50+15
2 = 32,5 mm karbida rata v = 32 (Lampiran 2) kanan. 1000 . n= . Kunci L 1000 1000 . 32 = Senter putar 3,14 .32,5 32000 Jangka sorong = 102.05 Bahan ST 50 = 313 rpm = 265 rpm
b. Pahat
c.
A. Atur
bubut
a =0,5 mm
parameter-
parameter proses bubut. B. Pasang pahat bubut rata
Waktu teoritis :
= . = 0,4 .265
setinggi senter. C. Hidupkan spindel
= 106 106 / /
putaran utama
mesin
Tc =
bubut.
D. Lakukan
pembubutan
rata
memanjang
=
.
60 106
= 20
sepanjang 60mm hingga ukuran Ø14mm
benda
kerja
(ditopang
.35
= .
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dengan senter putar).
d= =
do + dm 2 15 + 1 4
E. Matikan putaran spindel utama mesin bubut.
2 = 14,5 mm
Bubut chamfer 1 x 45°
a. Mesin
bubut v = 32 (Lampiran2) 1000 . MARO.5VA & n= . kelengkapannya
b. Pahat
bubut
karbida chamfer
=
c. Kunci L
d. Senter putar e. Jangka sorong
=
1000 . 32 3,14 . 16 32000 50.25
= 636,9 rpm = 440 rpm
= 88 / / Tc = =
v = 44 (Lampiran 2) 1000 . n= . 1000 . 44 = 3,14 . 14,5 44000 = 45,53 = 966 rpm = 440 rpm a =0,1 mm
10
= 0,2 .440
40 88
. .5
= 2 Tc tot = + =20+2 = 22
Waktu nyata : 30 menit
a. Atur
parameter-parameter
proses bubut. b. Pasang pahat bubut chamfer setinggi senter. c. Hidupkan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
d. Lakukan
pembubutan
chamfer pada ujung poros
Ø14mm
dengan
ukuran
chamfer 1x45°.
e. Matikan
putaran
utama mesin bubut.
spindel
Waktu nyata : 5 menit
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11
Proses pembuatan alur
a. Mesin bubut
V= 32 (Lampiran2)
MARO.5VA & kelengkapannya b. Pahat
bubut
karbida alur c. Kunci L
d = =
d o +d m 2
50+42 2
= 46 mm
d. Senter putar
a. Atur
proses bubut. b. Pasang
n =
1000 1000 .V
π .d
f. Bahan ST 50 =
1000 . 32 3,14 . 46
pahat
Waktu teoritis : = .
bubut
rata
= 0,1 . 200
setinggi senter. c. Hidupkan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut. d. Lakukan
e. Jangka sorong
parameter-parameter
pembubutan
alur
dengan lebar balur 5mm dan kedalaman 4mm sepanjang 240 mm sebanyak 24 buah
= 20 / / Tc =
=
5 20
.
.4
alur = 1 / alur
alur (ditopang dengan senter =
32000 144,4
= 221,6 rpm = 200 rpm a =0,5 mm
12
Setting benda kerja pada mesin frais
a. Mesin
frais
BRIGESPORT & kelengkapannya b. Kunci
e. Matikan
putaran
spindel
utama mesin bubut.
a. cekam pada ragum mesin frais. b.Atur b. Atur
parameter-parameter
pengefraisan.
chuck
c. Pasang end mill cutter Ø6mm
end
d.Hidupkan d. Hidupkan spindel utama mesin
mesin frais. c. Pisau
Waktu nyata : 75 menit
putar).
frais
mill Ø 6mm.
pada collet mesin frais.
frais.
d. Palu plastik
e. Seting titik “0” pisau frais
e. Penyiku
f. Matikan putaran spindel mesin
f. Jangka sorong
frais.
Waktu nyata : 10 menit
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g. Bahan ST 50
13
Frais alur spi
a. Mesin
frais v = 17 (lampiran 3) 1000 . BRIGESPORT & n= . kelengkapannya
b. Kunci
chuck
=
mesin frais. c. Pisau
frais
end
=
mill Ø 6 mm.
d. Jangka sorong
a.
parameter-parameter
pengefraisan. b.
Hidupkan
spindel
Vf = fz . z . n utama
c.
Lakukan pengefraisan alur
17000
pada bagian poros Ø14 mm
18,84
sepanjang 30 mm dari ujung
= 0,05 0,05 . 4 .900
= 180 180 mm/menit mm/menit t c =
benda.
= 902,3 rpm
e. Bahan ST 50
Waktu teoritis :
mesin frais.
1000 . 17 3,14 3,14 . 6
Atur
d. = 900 rpm
Matikan
putaran
spindel
mesin frais. e.
=
lt Vf
.i
75 180
.3
= 1,25 1,25 menit menit
Lepas benda kerja dari mesin frais. Waktu nyata : 15 menit
14
Finishing
a. Ragum
kerja
bangku. b. Jangka sorong c. Kikir d. Ampelas
Kikir untuk menghaluskan bekas fraisan yang kurang rapi.
Waktu nyata : 10 menit
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55
B. HASIL 1. Hasil pembuatan produk
Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pembuatan Poros Beralur No. Dimensi Pada Gambar Tol.
Dimensi Hasil
Keterangan
1
Diameter : 50 mm
±0,05
50 mm
GO
2
Diameter : 14 mm
±0,05
14 mm
GO
3
Panjang : 60 mm
± 0,05
50 mm
GO
4
Panjang : 240 mm
± 0,05
240 mm
GO
5
Panjang : 65 mm
± 0,05
65 mm
GO
6
Panjang : 365 mm
± 0,05
365 mm
GO
7
Lebar alur : 6 mm
± 0,05
6 mm
GO
8
Jarak antar alur : 5 mm
± 0,1
5 mm
GO
9
Kedalaman alur : 4 mm
± 0,1
4 mm
GO
10
Panjang alur pasak : 30 mm
± 0,1
30 mm
GO
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56
2. Uji Fungsional
Pengujian fungsional sistem potong
mesin mie dilakukan untuk
mengetahui fungsi sistem potong. Setelah dirangkai dengan komponen yang lain secara menyeluruh maka sistem potong yang di buat mampu berfungsi sebagaimana yang diharapkan yaitu: a.
Sistem pemotongan berfungsi dengan baik sebagai alat / tool potong adonan mie.
b.
Rumah bantalan
berfungsi dengan baik baik sebagai tempat atau dudukan
poros alur/ roll pemotong yang berfungsi dengan baik. c.
Roda gigi lurus berfungsi dengan baik sebagai komponen yang dapat mengendalikan putaran poros sesuai yang diinginkan agar adonan mie dapat tertarik dan terpotong oleh alur poros / roll pemotong itu sendiri.
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57
menghasilkan produk dalam waktu tertentu dan menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas. Mesin dikatakan memiliki efisiensi tinggi jika dalam waktu yang singkat mampu menghasilkan produk besar dengan kualitas yang tinggi. Mesin
penggiling mie mie ini sistem mekaniknya mampu mampu menipiskan menipiskan dan
memotong mie 1kilogram dalam waktu 3 menit.
C. PEMBAHASAN 1. Mesin dan Alat Yang Digunakan.
Mesin yang digunakan pada pembuatan roll pemotong atau poros beralur adalah : a.
Mesin Gergaji
b.
Mesin bubut
c.
Mesin Frais
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58
2. Proses Pengerjaan
Proses pengerjaan poros alur sebagai pisau pemotong sesuai dengan diagram aliran proses pembuatan pada halaman 43 diantaranya sebagai berikut : a.
Proses persiapan. Proses ini meliputi identifikasi gambar kerja, persiapan bahan, bahan, dan persiapan alat yang akan digunakan untuk pembuatan komponen.
b.
Proses pemesinan Proses ini meliputi proses pembuatan poros beralur atau roll pemotong sebagai pisau pemotong. Adapun penjelasan dari Proses pengerjaan komponen-komponen tersebut adalah sebagai berikut : Proses
pengerjaan
pada
komponen
ini
diawali
dengan
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59
poros dirakit dengan roda gigi selanjutnya kedua poros tersebut dipasang pada rumah bantalan luncur. Perakitan bagian roll penipis diawali dengan poros di rakit dengan roda gigi selanjutnya kedua poros dipasang rumah bantalan. Bagian akhir dari proses perakitan adalah pemasangan sistem pemotongan pada rangka dilanjutkan dengan pemasangan pulley dan motor setelah serangkaian proses tersebut selesai dilakukan pemasangan casing.
3. Kelebihan dan Kelemahan.
a.
Kelebihan 1)
Kualitas hasil pemotongan rapi.
2)
Dapat menipiskan dan memotong 1kilogram adonan dalam waktu 3 menit.
3)
Dapat menipiskan adonan sampai 0,8 mm.
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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Kesimpulan
Dari pembahasan yang telah dilakukan, proses pembuatan sistem pemotong pada mesin mesin pengiling mie diperoleh dipero leh kesimpulan kesimpula n sebagai berikut : 1. Bahan yang digunakan dalam proses pembuatan
roll
pemotong sebagai
poros beralur pada mesin penggiling mie adalah baja karbon yang digunakan utuk membuat
roll
pemotong yang dilapis dengan
yang digunakan untuk membuat pisau pemotong.
chroom
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61
B. Saran
Setelah dilakukan pembuatan mesin penggiling mie ini maka penyusun memiliki saran sebagai langkah pengembangan dan penyempurnaan mesin sebagai berikut : 1. Perencanaan pembuatan mesin penggiling mie haruslah detail agar pada saat proses pengerjaan berjalan dengan lancar dan menghemat waktu pembuatan. 2. Pemilihan bahan yang akan digunakan sudah diperhitungkan sebelumnya.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Harun, C.van Terheijden. (1981). Alat-alat Perkakas 1 Bandung : Bina Cipta .
Harun, C.van Terheijden. (1981). Alat-alat Perkakas 3. Bandung : Bina Cipta Rochim, T. (2007). Klasifikasi Proses, Gaya dan Daya Pemesinan. Bandung : ITB. Sato, T.G. dan Sugiarto, H.N. (2000). Menggambar Mesin Menurut Standard ISO. Jakarta : Pradnya Paramita. Subiyono. (2008). Perancangan Alat Peralatan dan Mesin. Yogyakarta : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Sularso dan Suga, K. (2002). Dasar Perencanaan dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin.
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64
Lampiran 1. Gambar Komponen yang Dibuat
Dua Roll Pemotong mie
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Lampiran 2. Tabel Cutting Speed
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Lampiran 3. Tabel Spindle Speed Pada Mesin Bubut MARO.5VA
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Lampiran 6.Tabel Suaian untuk Tujuan-Tujuan Umum Sistem Lubang Dasar Lubang
Lambang dan kwalitas untuk poros
dasar
Suaian longgar b
c
d
E
f
Suaian pas
Suaian paksa
g
h
js
k
m
H5
4
4
4
4
4
H6
5
5
5
5
5
n
p
r
s
t
u
x
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Lampiran 7. Tabel Korelasi Antara Kekuatan Tarik dan Kekerasan Baja σᵤ
N/mm² 285 320
Brinnel HB 86 95
Kekerasan Vickers Rockwell HV HRB HRC 90 100 56.2
σᵤ
N/mm² 1190 1220
Brinnel HB 352 371
Kekerasan Vickers Rockwell HV HRB HRC 370 37.7 380 38.8
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Lampiran 8. Cara menyatakan konfigurasi permukaan dalam gambar (G. Takeshi Sato, 2000: 192):
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