LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI PERTUKARAN ION ( ION EXCHANGE ION EXCHANGE ) Dosen Pembimbing: Ayu Ratna Permanasari, S.T.,.T.
Kelompok / Kelas
: II/ 2A
Nama
: 1. D!a He"#a!
NIM. 1$1%$1&&'
: 2. D! He"#a!
NIM. 1$1%$1&&(
: $. )e**# Elsa Na*la
NIM. 1$1%$1&&+
Ta!,,al P"ak-km
: 1+ Ma"e- 2&1
Ta!,,al Pe!,mpla! Lapo"a!
: 2 Ma"e- 2&1
PRO!RA STUDI DIP"OA III ANA"ISIS KIIA #URUSAN TEKNIK KIIA PO"ITEKNIK NE!ERI $ANDUN! TA%UN TA%UN &' &'
$A$ I PENDA%U"UAN . "atar $e*a+ang Be"*a,a 0e!s ope"as !s-" mem*-ka! a" #a!, melp- a" p"oses3 a" mpa!
*ole"3 a! a" pe!!,!. Ke-,a 0e!s a" ! meme"lka! -!,ka- pe!,olaa! #a!, *e"*ea3 -e",a!-!, paa sm*e" a" *ak #a!, am*l a! maks pe!,,!aa! a" a" asl olaa! -e"se*-. Paa p"!sp!#a pe!,olaa! a" *e"-0a! !-k mem!aka! 4a- paa- #a!, -e"ka!!, alam a" #a!, apa- alam *e!-k -e"la"-3 -e"sspe!s a-a kolo se!,,a 5apa kal-as a" #a!, meme! pe"s#a"a-a! #a!, sesa e!,a! maks pe!,,!aa!!#a. Sala sa- me-oa alam pe!,olaa! a" aala pe"-ka"a! o! 6ion exchange). Me-oa pe"-ka"a! o! ! aala me-oa pe!,olaa! a" #a!, *e"-0a! !-k me!,"a!, o!7o! #a!, -ak kee!ak *ak ka-o! map! a!o! #a!, aa alam a". A" #a!, aslka! a" p"oses pe"-ka"a! o! *a!#ak ,!aka! !-k a" mpa! *ole" a! a" !-k *e"*a,a p"oses .& Tuuan 1. Melaksa!aka! ope"as pe"-ka"a! o!3 ope"as backwash, a! "e,e!e"as paa "es! ka-o! a! "es! a!o! 2. Me!,a!alss kesaaa! -o-al3 me!,k" DHL3 keke"a! a! pH
$A$ II "ANDASAN TEORI Pe"-ka"a! o! mel*a-ka! *-"a!7*-"a! "es! e!,a! pe"mkaa! #a!, *e"ma-a! pos-8 6ka-o!9 a-a !e,a-8 6a!o!9. Basa!#a "es!7"es! -e"se*- memlk po"7po" ke5l !-k me!am*a las pe"mkaa! ko!-ak. Se*a,a 5o!-o ,am*a"a!3 sala sa- 0e!s "es! ion
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exchange aala *e"pa molekl ka-a! "oka"*o! kompleks #a!, sa!,a- pa!0a!, e!,a! 0!, "a!-a me!,ka- o! H !-k "es! ka-o!3 a! OH7 !-k "es! a!o!.
Gam*a" 1.1. ;o!-o Molekl Res! Ion Exchange Pe"-ka"a! o! 6ion exchange9 me"paka! sa- me-oa pe!,la!,a! m!e"al a" #a!, -0ka! !-k me!,am*l sema o! ka-o! a! a!o! alam a". Umm!#a mea #a!, ,!aka! alam pe"-ka"a! o! aala "es! alam a-a s!-e-s. Paa saa- -e"0a pe"-ka"a! o! maka o! #a!, -e"la"- alam a" aka! -e"se"ap ke alam "es! pe!ka" o! a! "es! aka! melepaska! o! la!!#a alam kese-a"aa! ek
1. Res! pe!ka" ka-o! 6cation exchange resin) Res! pe!ka" ka-o! memp!#a kemampa! !-k me!#e"ap/me!ka" ka-o!7ka-o! sepe"- ;a3 M,3 Na a! la!7la! #a!, aa alam a". Res! pe!ka" ka-o! -e"" a" pe!ka" ka-o! asam ka- 6 strong acid exchanger) a! "es! pe!ka" ka-o! asam lema 6weak acid exchanger) 2. Res! pe!ka" a!o! 6anion exchange resin)
2
Res! pe!ka" a!o! memp!#a kemampa! !-k me!#e"ap/me!ka" a!o!7a!o! #a!, aa alam a". Res! pe!ka" a!o! -e"" a" pe!ka" a!o! *asa ka- 6 strong base exchanger) a! "es! pe!ka" a!o! *asa lema 6weak base exchanger) Apa*la "es! sa 0e! maka a"s lakka! "e,e!e"eas. Skls "e,e!e"as -e"" a" % -aapa! #a- : 1. Backwash Backwash lakka! !-k me!,am*l ma-e"al #a!, -e"akmlas !,,! sekal,s me!,ak !,,! "es!. Ba5k=as lakka! se5a"a ko!-! selama 1& me!- a-a sampa effluent backwash -e"la- 0e"!. A" #a!, ,!aka! ke-ka backwash aala a" #a!, *e"s asl p"oses 8l-"as. A" ssa backwash se*ak!#a al"ka! ke ! pe!,olaa! a" *e"s. 2. Re,e!e"as Re,e!e"as lakka! se-ela backwash selesa. Re,e!e"as me!,al" ke !,,! "es! a" a-as ke *a=a e!,a! la0 "e!a &371 ,pm/8-2 "es!. Al"a! "e,e!e"a! kela"ka! le=a *a=a -a!,k a! ola !- pe!,olaa! lm*a. $. Pem*lasa! lam*aPem*lasa! lam*a- 6 slow rinse) lakka! e!,a! a" melal *a,a! a-as !,,! "es! ke *a=a. Pem*lasa! lam*a- ! aka! me!#emp"!aka! p"oses "e,e!e"as e!,a! me!,aaka! ko!-ak a!-a"a "es! a! "e,e!e"a! sampa !,,! "es! pal!, *a=a. %. Pem*lasa! 5epaSe-ela pem*lasa! lam*a- 6 slow rinse) lakka! pem*lasa! 5epa- 6 fast rinse) e!,a! 5a"a me!,al"ka! a" *e"s melal !,,! *a,a! a-as e!,a! ke5epa-a! -!,,. A" pem*lasa! aka! me!,am*l ssa ,a"am "e,e!e"a! alam !,,!. Se-ela pem*lasa! 5epa-3 "es! apa- ,!aka! kem*al !-k p"oses pe"-ka"a! o!.
$A$ III ETODO"O!I PER-O$AAN . A*at /an $a0an
Ta*el 1. Ala- a! Baa!
3
A"AT Gelas Kma 1 L 61 *a9 Gelas Kma & mL 62 *a9 Gelas Kma 2& mL 62 *a9 Gelas Kma %&& mL 62 *a9 E"le!me#e" 2& mL 6$ *a9 Ppe- Uk" 1& mL 61 *a9 Ppe- sek"a! 1& mL 61 *a9 Ppe- Uk" mL 61 *a9 Ppe- -e-es 62 *a9 B"e- 2 mL 61 *a9 Bo-ol Semp"o- && mL 61 *a9 Spa-la Em*e" pH7me-e" Ko!k-ome-e" T"*me-e"
$A%AN
A" Res! pe!ka" ka-o! I!ka-o" EBT 1 ,"am EDTA &3&1 M & mL La"-a! *88e" pH 1& %& mL
.& Prose/ur Kera
A" mpa! al"ka! a" *a,a! a-as kolom pe!ka" ka-o! e!,a! e*- 1 ,pm/8-2 "es!
Me!,a!alss sampel ? & mL sampel a" kolom ka-o! paa =ak- $3'3(3+3 a! 1& me!-
Kema! se-ap sampel a!alss DHL3 To-al hardness3 pH3 S3 a! keke"a!!#a.
Mem*a- k"
$A$ I1 %ASI" PENE"ITIAN DAN PE$A%ASAN 2. %asi* Pene*itian •
Umpa!
: 7 La0 al" > 1 ,pm/8-2 7 Ko!se!-"as : DHL > &32(1 mS To-al Hardness> 1' m,/L ;a;O$ pH > 32& Keke"a! > +3%2 NTU
4
•
S
> 2(3@;
Effluent Ta*el 2. Da-a Pe!,ama-a!
ak- 6me!-9 $ ' ( + 1& 2.&
DHL 6mS9 &31+' &31%+ &32+ &32@ &32'%
To-al Hardness 6m,/L ;a;O$9 & & & &
pH 3%( 32( 31@ 3&& %3@$
T 6;9 2(3$ 2'3+ 2'3' 2(3$ 2(31
Pengo*a0an Data %.2.1 Reaks #a!, -e"0a saa- pe"-ka"a! ka-o! ;a 2 H2;O$ ;a 2 H2;O$ M, SO% RH2 R M, H2SO% Na2 2 ;l Na2 2H;l 2 NO$ 2HNO$
%.2.2 Reaks #a!, -e"0a saa- pe!e!-a! To-al Hardness ;a2 EBT *" ;a6EBT9 me"a
;a6EBT9 me"a EDTA
;a6EDTA9 EBT -ak *e"=a"!a
%.2.$ G"a8k paa p"oses pe"-ka"a! ka-o!
5
*"
Keke"a! 6NTU9 13+$ 13+ 13'@ 131$ 132$
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
DHL (mS) 0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14 0
2
4
6
8
waktu (menit)
Gam*a" %.1. G"a8k *!,a! DHL -e"aap =ak-
6
10
12
5.6 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.2
pH
5.1 5 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 0
2
4
6
8
waktu (menit)
Gam*a" %.2. G"a8k *!,a! pH -e"aap =ak-
7
10
12
180 160 140 120 100
Total Hardness (mg/L CaCO3)
80 60 40 20 0 0
2
4
6
8
10 12
waktu (menit)
Gam*a" %.$. G"a8k *!,a! To-al Hardness -e"aap =ak-
2.
Pemba0asan
A" #a!, kela" a" "es! ka-o! !la -o-al hardness-!#a semak! *e"k"a!,. Paa ko!s a=al a" mpa! memlk !la -o-al hardness se*esa" 1' m,/L ;a;O $3 paa me!- ke -,a !la -o-al hardness *e"k"a!, me!0a m,/L ;a;O $ a! paa me!- sela!0-!#a sampa e!,a! ak" p"oses pe"-ka"a! ka-o! a" #a!, kela" -ak memlk !la -o-al hardness. Hal ! me!!0kka! *a=a a" #a!, kela" a" "es! semak! lama ka!!,a! o!7o! lo,am sepe"- ;a23 M,2 semak! *e"k"a!, a! sampa ak"!#a -ak -e"apa- la, ka!!,a! o!7 o! lo,am -e"se*- paa a" #a!, sa mele=a- "es! pe!ka" ka-o!. A" #a!, kela" a" "es! ka-o! pH!#a me!0a asam. Hal ! ka"e!aka! ka-o! #a!, *e"aa alam sampel sepe"- o! ;a2 a! M,2 -ka" e!,a! o! H. Io! ;a2 a! M,2 0ka
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*e"-em e!,a! a!o! sepe"- ;l73 SO %273 a! la!7la! aka! mem*e!-k ,a"am. Ga"am7,a"am ! 5e!e"!, *e"s8a- !e-"al. Ka-o! #a!, *e"aa alam sampel aka! -ka" e!,a! o! H se!,,a ko!se!-"as H paa sampel #a!, kela" a" "es! ka-o! semak! *a!#ak. Cmla ko!se!-"as H #a!, semak! *esa" aka! me!#e*a*ka! pH semak! asam. Nam! paa saase*elm sampel maskka! ke alam "es! pH!#a le* "e!a *a!!,ka! paa saase-ela sampel mele=a- "es! ka-o!. Hal ! apa- se*a*ka! ole *e*e"apa 8ak-o"3 a!-a"a!#a s se"-a ko!s a" pH me-e" #a!, paka !-k me!,k" la"-a! la! se!,,a mempe!,a" asl pe!,k"a! pH. Res! ka-o! mas alam ko!s *ak. Hal ! apa- la- a" *!,a! a!-a"a -o-al hardness a! =ak-. Dma!a semak! lama!#a =ak- p"oses pe"-ka"a! ka-o! ka!!,a! o!7o! lo,am!#a semak! *e"k"a!, a! ak"!#a -ak -e"ka!!, la, o!7o! lo,am paa a" #a!, kela" a" "es! ka-o!. Hal ! me!!0kka! *a=a "es! pe!ka" ka-o! *eke"0a e!,a! *ak3 ka"e!a o!7o! lo,am -ela -ka" e!,a! H #a!, me!#e*a*ka! a" #a!, kela" le* *e"8a- asam.
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$A$ 1 KESIPU"AN DAN SARAN . Kesim3u*an
Da" asl p"ak-km pe"-ka"a! ka-o! apa- ek-a ko!s "es! ka-o! mas *ak. Hal ! ke-a a" : 1. Nla DHL a" la"-a! #a!, kela" a" "es! semak! *e"k"a!, 2. pH la"-a! #a!, kela" a" "es! semak! asam $. Nla -o-al hardness la"-a! #a!, kela" a" "es! semak! *e"k"a!,. .&
Saran • •
Res! ka-o! a"s se,e"a "e,e!e"as saa- mla 0e!. Pe"ala-a! !s-"me! #a!, ,!aka! se*ak!#a a"s alam ko!s *ak.
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DA4TAR PUSTAKA
Be-431@@13 Betz Handbook of Industrial Water onditioning 3 @- e-o!3 Be-4 La*o"a-o"es I!5.3 USA E5ke!8ele"3 C"3 ..3 1@+@3 Industrial Water !oluution ontrol 3 2! e-o!3 M5G"a=7 Hll3 Tok#o --p://a"-kel7-ek!olo,.5om/pe!,e"-a!7o!7eF5a!,e/ ! 22 Ma"e- 2&1 &2:% PM Pea<# H.S.3 Ro=e D.R.3 T5o*a!o,los G3 1@+3 En"iro#ental Engineering : M5G"a=7 Hll I!-e"!a-o!als e-o!s3 S!,ap"a Raa# E.S.3 Soes=a!-o B. 2&&13Pe!,olaa! A" I!s-":3 C"sa! Tek!k Kma Pol*a!3 Ba!!,
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"APIRAN Pe"-!,a! To-al hardness 1. Paa saa- ko!s a=al To-al hardness
>
1000
mlsampel
F ml EDTA F M EDTA F M" ;a;O $
100
5
10 ml
F 13' ml F &3&1 M F 1&&
5 6 mg7" -a-O
2. Paa saa- =ak- $ me!To-al hardness
>
1000
mlsampel 1000
5
10 ml
F ml EDTA F M EDTA F M" ;a;O $
F &3 ml F &3&1 M F 1&&
5 mg7" -a-O
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