CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
QUESTI ON
Ahmadwor ksi nQat arasaPr oj e ctManager .Wi t hhi sbi gsal ar y ,hemanagest osav e enoughmoneyt opur c hasese v er alpr oper t i esi nMal ay si a.Whenhecome meshome mef or a hol i day,he goest ot he JohorLand Officet o pay t he qui tr ent s.Rel at i ng t oa par t i cul arl and i n Skudai ,t he l and offi ffic ce ri nf or ms hi m t hatt he qui tr ent s had al r e adybe e n pai dbyt her e g i s t e r e do wn wne r ,Al i .Upo nf ur t he ri nv e s t i g at i on,i ti sf o und t hatt hel and had ear l i erbeen t r ansf er r ed t o Ar i s.The Form 14A was si gned by Ahmad hi mse l f .Howe v er ,t hedat eoft het r ansf erwas14 Januar y 2015.On t hat dat e,Ahmad was i n Qat ar .When Ahmad r ef ut est heval i di t y oft het r ansf er ,Al i ’ s l a w wy y e rar g ue st hathi sc l i e nte nj o y si nde f e as i bi l i t yo ft i t l eunde rNat i o nalLandCo de 1965. Ahmad t hi nkst hatt hi sc oul dnothappen i ft heoffic ffice ri nt heLandOffi Officei s no tne g l i g e nti npe r f o r mi mi nghi sdut y . Wi Wi t hr e f er encet ot her el e v antc asel aw on t hi si ssue,advi seAhmadhi sl eg alr i ght s undert heNat i onalLandCodeandt hel aw oft ort ,i fr el evant .
ANSWER
Accor di ngt ocomm mmon l aw,negl i gencedefinedasconductt hatf al l sbel ow t he st andar ds ofbehavi our es t abl i shed by l aw f or t he pr ot ect i on ofot her s agai nst unr easonabl eri skofharm. m.A per son hasact ednegl i gent l yi fhehasdepart ed f r om t he co nduct ex pec t ed of a r eas onabl y pr udent per s on act i ng under si mi l ar ci r cumst ances .
Undert hel aw oft ort ,i n ordert obesuccessf uli n anegl i gencecl ai m,t hecl ai mant mus tpr ov et hatt hedef endantowed t hem a dut y ofcar e,t hedef endantwas i n 1 SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
br eac hoft hatdut y ,t hebr eac hofdut ycauseddamagesandt hedamagewasnott oo r emot e.
I n Mal aysi a,Nat i onalLand Codehasbeen usedast hegui del i nesi n gove r ni ngt he mat t er sr eg ar di ngt hel and butatt hesamet i mecommon l aw al soappl i cabl e.The i ssues al ways ari sen r egar di ng t he l and i ncl udi ng t he f r aud, negl i gence, v oi d i ns t r ume ntandmi s i nt e r pr e t at i on.Oneoft hei s s ue si st hei nde f e as i bi l i t yoft i t l e .
Acc or di ngt ot or r e ntsys t em,i ndef easi bi l i t yoft i t l ei sguar ant eedundert heNat i onal LandCodepur suantt osec t i on 89and340buti ti snotabsol ut e.Sect i on 89st at ed t hate v e r yr e g i s t e rdo cume nto ft i t l edul yr e g i s t e r e dunde ra l i e nat i o n unde rfinalt i t l e s hal lbec onc l us i v ee v i de nc et hatt i t l et ot hel and v e s t e di nt hepe r s o nf o rt het i me 1 be i ng named t her ei n aspr opr i e t or whi l eSect i on 340 st at ed t hatt het i t l eofany 2 s uc hpe r s o nf o rt het i mebe i ngr e g i s t e r e daspr o pr i e t o rs hal lbei nde f e as i bl e .
Ther ear ese v er ali ss ue sar i s eni nt hi sc ase : 1)Whe t hert heoffice ri nt heLandOfficeper f or mi ngt hebr eac hofdut y? 2)Whet hert het r ansf erofl andf r om Ahmadt oAri sandAri st oAl ii sval i d? 3)Whe t he rt hepr i nc i pl eofde f e r r e do ri mme di at ei nde f e as i bi l i t yi sappl i e dt o Al i ?
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89 340 2
SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
I ssue1 Whe t hert heoffic eri nt heLandOffic eper f or mi ngt hebr eac hofdut y?
I n For i genceneedst obepr ove n by( 1)adut yowedby dMot orCo.vRushf or d3,negl t hedef endantt opl ai nt i ff,( 2)abr each ofdut ybyt hedef endantand( 3)ani nj uryt o rAl am Mydi n t he pl ai nt i ff pr oxi mat el y caused by t he br each.Accor di ng t oVazee Mee r a4,a g overnmentservanti spr ot ect ed byt hePubl i cAut hori t i esPr ot ect i on Act
1948 i ft hei ss uer emai nsval i d 36 mont hscommenci ngf r om t hedat eofdut y .I n Ahmadcase,i ti sagr e edt hatt hel andoffic eri si nf av ourofnegl i genc east hel and officerf ai l ed t o conductt he dut y ofcar e as a l and office r egi st r ar .Thi si s al so ev enson5,Lo i l l us t r at e di nDonoghuevSt r dAt ki nment i onedt hat "The rule that you are to love your neih!our !eo#e$ # la% you #u$t not in&ure your neih!our' an( the la%yer)$ *ue$tion " +ho i$ #y ) neih!our ," reeive$ a re$trite( re-ly. /ou #u$t tae rea$ona!le are to avoi( at$ or o#i$$ion$ %hih you an rea$ona!ly ore$ee %oul( !e liely to in&ure your neih!our. +ho then in la% i$ #y neih!our, The an$%er $ee#$ to !e -er$on$ %ho are $o lo$ely an( (iretly aete( !y #y at that I ouht rea$ona!ly to have the# in onte#-lation a$ !ein $o aete( %hen I a# (iretin #y #in( to the at$ or o#i$$ion$ %hih are alle( in *ue$tion."
eer to Ca-aro In(u$trie$ l v 4i#an6 Lor( Bri(e e$ta!li$h the three $tae te$t or i#-o$in a (uty o are6 no%n a$ Ca-aro te$t. 7n(er the Ca-aro te$t6 the (een(ant #u$t e$ta!li$h three te$t 819 that har# %a$ rea$ona!ly ore$eea!le 829 that there %a$ a relation$hi- o -ro:i#ity an( 839 that it i$ air6 &u$t an( rea$ona!le to i#-o$e a (uty o are. In Ah#a( a$e6 the lan( oier i$ $ai( o%e Ah#a( the (uty o are.
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868N. E. 2d806,810( I nd.2007) [ 2013]8CLJ1095[ HC] 5 ( 1932)AC 562 ( 1990)2AC 605 ;
3 SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
Sine it ha$ !een e$ta!li$he( that the lan( oier o%e( the -lainti a (uty o are6 the -lainti #u$t (e#on$trate that the lan( oier %a$ in !reah o (uty. There are t%o te$t availa!le6 o!&etive te$t an( Bola# te$t.
Sine the lan( oier i$ a -roe$$ional6 the lan( oier $houl( hel( to the $tan(ar( o a rea$ona!le -er$on %ithin the -roe$$ion a$ a--lie( in +il$her v E$$e:? !ut the lan( oier aile( to (o $o hene he i$ $ai( to on(ut the !reah o (uty.
Re f e rt ot heBo l am t e s t ,t hel ando ffic e ri ss ai dt obeno tg ui l t yofne g l i g e nc ei fhehas act edi naccordancewi t hapr act i ceaccept edaspr operbyt her esponsi bl ebody .
I ssue2 Whe t hert het r ans f erofl andf r om Ahmadt oAr i sandAr i st oAl ii sv al i d?
I n Ahmad cas e,Ar i si mi t at ed Ahmad’ s si gnat ur ei n si gni ng t he For m 14A and t r ansf ert hel andt ohi sownnameandaf t erwardsel lt hel andt oAl i . Fort het r ansf erofl andf r om Ahmad t oAr i s,i tsayst obeaf r aud.Accor di ngt ot he 9 Pr i v yCo unc i lde c i s i o ni nAsset ,f r audmeantact ualf r aud,defined sCo.vMer eRoi hi
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( 1837)3Bi ngN.C.467 ? ( 1988)1AC 1074 [ 1905]AC 176 4 SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
ast hedi shonest yofsomesortandnotmer el yconst ruct i veorequi t abl ef r aud.Ot her t han t hat ,f r aud mus tbe “ br oughthome t ot he per son whose r egi st er ed t i t l ei s i mpeachedort ohi sagent s” ,henceunder scor i ngt her equi r ementwhi chal sost at ed i n Sect i on 340( 2) ( a)t hatt her emustbepr ooft hatt her egi st er ed pr opri et ororhi s 10 agentmustbea“ part yorpri vy”t ot hef r aud.
I n t andar d ofpr oofwas Ado r na Pr oper t i es Sdn.Bhd.V.Boons om Boonyani t11,s ment i oned t opr ovet hef or ger ybeyond t her easonabl edoubt .I ft hef or gerycan be pr ov ed bey ond r eas onabl e doubt ,t he t r ansf er of l and f r om Ahmad t o Ar i si s f or f ei t ur e .
Fort het r ansf erofl and f r om Ari st oAl i ,accor di ngt oNat i onalLand Codesect i on 214( 2) ,i ts t at e dt hatt hepo we r sc onf e r r e d bys ubs e c t i o n( 1)s hal lbee x e r c i s e di n anypar t i c ul arc a s es ubj e c tt o( a)anypr o hi bi t i o no rl i mi t at i o ni mpo s edbyt hi sAc to r any o t he rwr i t t e nl a wf o rt het i mebe i ng i nf o r c e( b)any r e s t r i c t i o ni ni nt e r e s tt o whi c ht hel andi nques t i oni sf ort het i mebe i ngsubj ectand( c)i nr el at i ont ol ease s, char gesandt enanci esexemptf r om t heregi st r at i on,t hepr ovi si onst her eof ,expr ess 12 o ri mpl i e d. Hence,Al ii ssai dt oobt ai naval i dt r ansf erasabonafidepur chaseras
i l l us t r a t e di n hatbona fide Ador na Pr oper t i es Sdn Bhd v .Boonso om Boonyani t13 t pur chasersf orval ue“ obt ai ned i mmedi at ei ndef easi bi l i t ynot wi t hst andi ngt hatt hey ac q ui r e dt he i rt i t l e sunde ra f o r g e d do c ume nt ” .Thi si sal s oi l l us t r at e di nAuMeng Nam & Anorv .UngYakChew & Or s14,t hepur c has e ri ng oo df ai t habl et or e t ai nt he
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340( 2) ( a) [ 2001]2CLJ133 12 214( 2) 13 i bi d 1; [ 2007]5MLJ136 11
5 SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
l andt i t l eevent het r ansf eri sbei ngmadeundert hef orgeddocument s.Ther ef ore,Al i i ssai dt obei ndef easi bl eandcannotbechal l enged.
I ssue3 Whe t hert hepr i nci pl eofdef e r r e dori mmedi at ei ndef easi bi l i t yi sappl i edt oAl i ?
Acc or di ng t o mmedi at e Ador na Pr oper t i es Sdn.Bhd.v .Boonsoom Boonyani t15, i i ndef easi bi l i t ydefinedaseveni ft hei nst rumentoft r ansf erwasf orged,t hebonafide pur c has e dc an o bt ai n an i nde f e as i bl et i t l et ot hesai dl ands .Thi si sal s oi l l us t r a t e d 16 i nBr case,t hej udgeBarwi ckCJhel dt hateveni ft hesi t uat i on whi ch eskvarvWal l
l e dt ot her e g i s t r a t i onwaswr o ng ,v o i do rt he r ewasf r a ud,t her e g i s t r a t i o no ft het i t l e s t i l lv es t st i t l et ot her e gi s t e r e dpe r son.
Ador na Pr oper t i esSdn Bhd.v .Boo nsoo m Boonyani t17 ag Acc or di ng t o ai n,de f e r r e d
i nde f e as i bi l i t yde fine dt hatt heac qui s i t i o n oft i t l ebyr e g i s t r a t i ono fav o i ddoc ume nt i s notval i d and di d notacqui r e an i ndef easi bl et i t l e.The pur chaser’ st i t l ei s de f e as i bl eandc anbe‘ s e tas i de ’i ft her e a lpr o pr i e t o rmake sac l ai m. ForAhmad case,Al ihas acqui r ed t hei mmedi at ei ndef easi bi l i t yoft i t l eashei sa bonafidepur c hase raf t e rt hepur c hasei nwhi c ht hef or ger ywasi nv ol v ed.Hence,Al i r e gi s t r at i oni sv al i d.
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i bi d 1 ( 1971)126CLR 376 1> i bi d 6 SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
CHING CHEN LENG
ASSIGNMENT 1
MBEG 1053
Thus,Ahmad i sbar r ed f r om maki ng a cl ai m t ot hel and whi c ht r ans f er r ed t o Al i unde rt hepr i nc i pl eofi mme di at ei nde f e as i bi l i t yo ft i t l ebuthec an c har g et hel and officef ort hebre achofdut y .
7 SEMESTER 1
SESSION 2015-2016
