Jurnal Irsyad Edisi I

Ouymdb Gyxwdk" Gyxw dk" \ab-G" Ma-G" Ma-G" Oubg#Kexeciey 900:

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KDL[DY GXG

Ekg{aygdb ## 8 4- Pemkend{dm Xpgyg{udb kdbdc Namxebgmf ## 5 Abej Bgbgx Xd{ygdj 9- Kdxdy#Kdxdy Pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc ## 4< Abej J- Gxep _demdb Dyglgm 8- Nacumgndxg kdbdc Igcigmfdm ## 88 Abej Emodmf DX ;- Igcigmfdm Gxbdc kg Yucdj Xdng{ ## <5 Abej Dep Nuxmdvdm

Kg{eyigndm abej? Ouyuxdm Igcigmfdm Pemwubujdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc Ldnub{dx Kdnvdj , Nacumgndxg Nacumgndxg UGM XFK Idmkumf Idmku mf Pemdmffumf Odvdi ? Ne{ud Ouyuxdm Igcigmfdm Igcigmfdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc Kyx- JJ- Gxep _demdb Dyglgm" Dygl gm" C-Df Pecgcpgm Yekdnxg? Dep Nuxmdvdm" C-Df Yekdn{uy Yekdn{uy Pebdnxdmd? Xunyam Dikgb Dikgbdj" dj" X-Xax-G Pemwum{gmf Pemwum{gmf Djbg ? Kyx- Kdkdmf D Ldody" C-Df Ebbw Cdybgmd" C-Xg Bgbgx Xd{ygwdj" C-Pk Jdogy [dogyg" C-Df C-Df Kevdm Yekdnxg? Kukg Gcdkukkgm" C-Df Dikub Cuogi" C-Df Uvex Uvex Ld{j Ld{jamg" amg" C-Df Dmffg{ Dmffg{ Fdymg{d" dymg{ d" X-Df Kgx{ygiuxg? Keke Keke Buncdm" C-Df Dxep Dxep Xdelub Ydjgc" X-Df Bdw Au{ Gxg YamNyed{g|d

Dbdcd{ Yekdnxg? Obm- D-J- Mdxu{gam Ma 405 Hgigyu Idmkumf ;0<4; Ma [bp-*099'6:406::- E#cdgb? ouyuxdmipgidmkumf@fcdgb-hac ouyuxdmipgidmkumf@fcdgb-hac-veixg{e? j{{p?!!vvv-ipgmevx-gmla j{{p?!!vvv-ipgmevx-gmla-- Yekdnxg cemeygcd ndywd {ubgx gbcgdj kdyg kaxem" dbucmg kdm cdjdxgxvdPdmodmf {ubgxdm cdnxgcdb 45 jdbdcdm 4"5 xpdxg unuydm D;- Mdxndj igxd ieyupd jdxgb pemebg{gdm!xnygpxg!{exgx! kgxey{dxg d{du dy{gneb gbcgdj namxpe{udb? kg{ubgx kdbdc idjdxd Gmkamexgd d{du idjdxd Gmffygx" kgbemfndpg dix{ydn xeng{dy 400#450 nd{d- Pemubgx kgjdydpndm cemwey{dndm igakd{d igakd{d kdm xe{gdp nu{gpdm jdyux cemubgxndm xucieymwd kemfdm xgx{ec emkma{ex- [ubgxdm kdbdc lgbe xal{ hapw kgngygc cebdbug e#cdgb d{du igxd oufd kdbdc iem{un jdyk hapw ne xenye{dygx Ouyuxdm Igcigmfdm Igcigmfdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc-

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EKG[AYGDB

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yafydc X{ukg *Pyakg' Igcigmfdm kdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc kdm kg *IPG' peyfuyudm {gmffg {ey{em{u kgmdcdndm Igcigmfdm kdm Namxebgmf Gxbdc *ING'" kgnecidmfndm kdbdc igmfndg kdm kdxdy Gbcu Kdnvdj kemfdm cecgbgng hgyg njdx ieyiekd kemfdm pyakg p yakg d{du ouyuxdm Igcigmfdm kdm Namxebgmf pemkgkgndm cdupum Igcigmfdm kdm Namxebgmf pxgnabafg cuymgPyafydc X{ukg gmg kdbdc ndogdmmwd beigj cemfdydj nepdkd Haumxebgmf lay Dbb kemfdm idxgx dfdcd!yebgfg kdm xpgyg{udb- Pemfecidmfdm negbcudmmwd kgkdxdyndm kgkdxdyndm nepdkd pemkend{dm vdjwu *gx{gmid{j'" *gx{gmid{j'" gm{eykgxgpbgmgey *gt{gidx' kdm ndogdm xaxgdb *gx{gtyd'*gx{gtyd'- Cebdbug Cebdbu g kdxdy kdxdy pemdbdydm gmg cdnd pyaxex pemfecidmfdm gbcu kdm pemkgkgndm pdkd pyakg IPG!ING beigj kgneydmfnd kdm cemfgnu{g pygmxgp vdjwu cecdmku gbcu kdm gbcu cecdmku vdjwu xehdyd xegcidmf kdm kdbdc ndogdmmwd {gkdn {eyodkg kgnja{acgx kgcdmd nekudmwd xdbgmf cebemfndpg" cebe mfndpg" xehdyd gm{efydb kdm {eygm{efydxgKemfdm kecgngdm pyakg IPG ieyupdwd cemhe{dn xdyodmd wdmf ieygcdm kdm iey{dtvd kemfdm vdvdxdm gbcgdj wdmf budx kdm cecgbgng kdwd xdgmf um{un cemodkg djbg kdnvdj *kd‗g * kd‗g'' igkdmf IPG!ING" IPG!ING" wdg{u wdg{u xeidfdg pecigcigmf" pemwubuj" namxebay" {eydpgx{" namxub{dm wdmf gnu{ xey{d xey{d cemxabuxg cemxabu xg ieyidfdg peyxadbdm nejgkupdm cdxwdydnd{ kemfdm idxgx dfdcd kdm xpgyg{udbg{dxEnxgx{emxg pyafydc X{ukg Igcigmfdm kdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc Ldnub{dx kdnvdj kdm Nacumgndxg UGM Idmkumf ceyupdndm pyafydc x{ukg wdmf {ebdj ieyucuy 48 {djum- kg Ldnub{dx Gbcu Kdnvdj kdm Nacumgndxg-

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Ouymdb Gyxwdk" \ab-G" Ma-G" Oubg#Kexeciey 900:

Neieydkddmmwd kgpeynud{ kemfdm ggm apeydxgamdb ieykdxdyndm XN Cemdf Ma- 878 [djum 4778 [ey{dmffdb 97 Kexeciey 4778- Pyafydc X{ukg IPG cemfecidmfndm gbcu gyxwdk kdm gxw{gxld kemfdm cemffumdndm pemkend{dm vdjwu *gx{gmié{j'" gm{eykgxgpbgmey *gt{giéx'" kdm ndogdm xaxgdb *gx{gtyé'- Pyakg gmg oufd kdbdc ndogdmmwd {gkdn cemfdmu{ kgnja{acg gbcu dfdcd#gbcu ucuc cebdgmndm oux{eyu cecdmkdmf gbcu#gbcu {eyxeiu{ xeidfdg xud{u em{g{dx wdmf gm{efyd{ek kdm gm{efydbIeykdxdyndm ggm apeydxgamdb g{u Pyafydc X{ukg IPG cemhaid cemhe{dn xdyodmd kdnvdj Igcigmfdm kdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc wdmf ieygcdm" cakeym" kdm ieyxdgmfXdyodmd IPG kgpyawenxgndm um{un cemodkg djbg kdnvdj igkdmf Igcigmfdm" namxebgmf kdm pemwubujdm Gxbdc ieyiem{un gywxdk kdi gxw{gxld idgn ieyxgld{ gmkg|gkudb cdupum nebacpanIeyndg{dm kemfdm jdb kg d{dx" Pyafydc X{ukg Igcigmfdm kdm Pemwubujdm Gxbdc kdbdc cebdnxdmdndm {ufdxmwd xebdbu ieyuxdjd cemgmfnd{ndm cu{u dndkecgn kemfdm ieyidfdg hdyd" kg dm{dydmwd kemfdm cemkd{dmfndm kaxem kdyg budy UGM Xumdm Fumumf Kod{g Idmkumf idgn ieyxndbd bandb" mdxgamdb cdupum gm{eymdxgamdb- Xendbgpum kecgngdm" kdbdc pyaxexmwd cdxgj {eykdpd{ nemkdbd kgxeidindm abej ieyidfdg jdb- Abej ndyemd g{u" xdmfd{ kgpeybundm updwd kdm xaxgdbgxdxg idgn ieyxgld{ gm{eymdb cdupum enx{eymdbYekdnxg

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PEMKEND[DM XPGYG[UDB KDBDC NAMXEBGMF *NAMXEBGMF XPGYG[UDB' Bgbgx Xd{ygdj

Pemkdjubudm Igcigmfdm kdm Namxebgmf pdkd dvdb nebdjgydmmwd ieyxgpd{ xenubdygx{gn#cd{eygdbgx{gn" jdb {eyxeiu{ xexudg kemfdm pdmkdmfdm jgkup aydmf‘aydmf idyd{ xeidfdg pemhe{uxmwd kdm xexudg kemfdm {ecpd{ nebdjgydmmwd wdg{u DceygndIgcigmfdm kdm Namxebgmf kg Idyd{ {gkdn kgndg{ndm kemfdm [ujdm d{dupum dodydm {ey{em{u" pdkdjdb cdmuxgd cemfdnug dkdmwd nenud{dm wdmf beigj {gmffg kdyg kgygmwd" bdwdmdm igcigmfdm kdm namxebgmf xecd{d#cd{d kgdmffdp xeidfdg cdxdbdj nekumgddm" pdkdjdb idmwdn kgdm{dyd cdmuxgd wdmf cemfdnug dkdmwd nejgkupdm xe{ebdj cd{g" xecud {eaygmwd ceyupdndm jdxgb neyod ydxga d{dx kdxdy pemfdbdcdm cdxd bdbu" pdkdjdb dkd jdb#jdb {ey{em{u wdmf {gkdn kdpd{ kgodmfndu abej a{dn kdm pecgngydm cdmuxgdkecgngdm pubd cdxdbdj#cdxdbdj wdmf kgndog {gkdn peymdj {eyndg{ kemfdm kaxd kdm pdjdbd xecem{dyd kdbdc id{gm cdmuxgd wdmf ieydfdcd xebdbu {ey{dmdc cdnmd kaxd kdm pdjdbd- Ndyemdmwd Igcigmfdm kdm Namxebgmf xdd{ g{u iebuc kdpd{ cemwdm{umg xebuyuj ucd{ cdmuxgd kg cund iucgKdbdc peynecidmfdm xebdmou{mwd cubdgbdj kgxdkdyg idjvd pdkd kgyg cdmuxgd dkd pa{emxg bdgm wdmf

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{uyu{ dmkgb kdbdc cemem{undm xebuyuj dn{g|g{dx kdm nejgkupdm cdmuxgd wdg{u xpgyg{udbg{dx Pemfey{gdm xpgyg{udb xdmfd{ budx xeidi gd {gkdn jdmwd cebgpu{g xd{u dfdcd {e{dpg kdpd{ cebgpu{g xefdbd dpd xdod wdmf cecbgng mgbdg wdmf {gmffg" wdmf xemdm{gdxd {eyndg{ kemfdm [ujdmCexngpum xpgyg{udb xebdbu kgndg{ndm kemfdm dfdcd" dndm {e{dpg cemuyu{ Nebg *4775' xpgyg{udb cecgbgng peyiekddm kemfdm dfdcd" wdg{u idjvd xpgyg{udb dkdbdj xeiudj juiumfdm pygidkg kemfdm dbdc xecex{d" xekdmfndm dfdcd cecgbgng kafcd#kafcdCdnmd Xpgyg{udb Cgbbey *4777' cemkglgmgxgndm xpgyg{udbgxce nekdbdc {gfd dyed" wdg{u *4' Pydn{gn wdmf {eykgyg kdyg ieykad" xjdbd{ kdm cekg{dxg- *9' Nepeyhdwddm wdmf {eykgyg kdyg caydb" mgbdg#mgbdg" Keg{w kdm {ydmxemkemxg *ydxd ieyxd{u kemfdm dbdc'- *8' Pemfdbdcdm" wdmf {eyfdm{umf pdkd cdxgmf#cdxgmf gmkg|gkuXuccg{ am xpgyg{udbbw wdmf kgxpamxayg abej Dxey|gh {djum 477< cemkelgmgxgndm xpgyg{ xeidfdg nenud{dm" nejgkupdm wdmf ceciud{ ng{d igxd ieyfeydn" wdmf kg{umoundm abej gcdfe" mdldx" dmfgm" nenud{dm kdm neieydmgdm kdm ceyupdndm necdcpudm wdmf xukdj dkd pdkd cdmuxgd- Ndpdxg{dx xpgyg{udb gmg kdpd{ cemffeydndm gmkg|gku {eyjdkdp pemf{djudm" hgm{d" pemfey{gdm" nekdcdgdm" jdydpdm kdm {ydmxemkemxg- Cemuyu{mwd xpgyg{udb oufd {eycdxun feodbd#feodbd lemacemd xepey{g pemfdbdcdm#pemfdbdcdm" nepeyhdwddm#nepeyhdwddm kdm pydn{gn#pydn{gn gidkdj xepey{g xjdbd{-

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Bdmkdxdm Lgb axalgx Pemkend{dm Xpgyg{udb Xebdcd gmg namxebgmf jdmwd cemhdnup dxpen# dxpen pxgnabafgx lgbaxalgx kdm ne{eydcpgbdm#ne{eydcpgbdm {enmgx- Odydmf xendbg cebgid{ndm xpgyg{udbgxce kdm dfdcd kgkdbdcmwd" pdkdjdb {gkdn xekgng{ cdxdbdj#cdxdbdj wdmf kgjdkdpg nbgem ieyjuiumfdm kemfdm xpgyg{udb kdm dfdcdJdb gmg kg{umoundm abej ieieypd pemebg{gdm xepey{g ieygnu{ gmg4- Pemebg{gdm Cgbbey ceciun{gndm idjvd {eykdpd{ juiumfdm paxg{gl dm{dyd xpgyg{udb" dfdcd kdm nexejd{dmCemuyu{mwd" ognd xpgyg{udbg{dx kdm dfdcd cemgmfnd{ cdnd nexejd{dm pum cemgmfnd{9- Pemebg{gdm Xgccam *9004' ceciun{gndm idjvd pdxgem#pdxgem wdmf nuydmf peyhdwd {eyjdkdp dkdmwd [ujdm cecpumwdg yexgna necd{gdm wdmf {gmffg 8- VJA *Vaybk Jedb{j Ayfdmgd{gam' xeodn {djum 40:; ceme{dpndm idjvd xejd{ g{u cemhdnup ; dxpen wdg{u xejd{ xehdyd lgxgn igabafgx" pxgngx" xahgdb kdm xpgyg{udbJdb {eyxeiu{ cemumoundm idjvd ognd xeaydmf nbgem {eybgid{ cdxdbdj nexejd{dm cdnd gd {eybgid{ kdbdc cdxdbdj dfdcd" kecgngdm pubd xeidbgnmwd" cdxdbdj xpgyg{udb kdm dfdcd dndm cecpemfdyujg cdxdbdj nexejd{dm;- Xuy|ew kg Dceygnd wdmf kgbdnundm abej Idney *4766' ceciun{gndm idjvd 75% aydmf Dceygnd wdmf peyhdwd pdkd [ujdm kdm :5% mwd cewdngmg idjvd kad cecpumwdg nenud{dm um{un cemweciujndm ieyidfdg pemwdng{" kdm <9% aydmf Dceygnd oufd peyhdwd idjvd dfdcd ceyupdndm idfgdm pem{gmf kdbdc nejgkupdm ceyend- X{d{gx{gn gmg cemumoundm idjvd dkd

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nehemkeyumfdm ieypgngy paxg{gl {em{dmf dxpen xpgyg{udb kdm dfdcd kdbdc nejgkupdm xe{gdp cdmuxgd kg kumgd gmg[ecudm#{ecudm kg d{dx xecdngm cecpeyoebdx pemkdpd{ idjvd dxpen xpgyg{udb {gkdn ndbdj pem{gmfmwd kemfdm dxpen wdmf bdgm xejgmffd cdngm {eyux kgfdbg kdm kghdyg iem{unmwd" xey{d cdngm cecpeybgjd{ndm enxgx{emxgmwd kdm cecgbgng paxgxg wdmf xgfmglgndm kdbdc cecidm{u nexejd{dm xexeaydmfXexudg kemfdm xdbdj xd{u {uoudm namxebgmf wdg{u um{un cecidm{u nbgem kdbdc pemweciujdm kgyg" cdnd xecud oemgx xuciey kdwd pemweciujdm jdyux kgbgjd{ {eycdxun idfgdm xpgyg{udb dfdcdmwd" abej ndyemd g{u xendydmf ieynecidmfbdj pemkend{dm xpgyg{udb kdbdc namxebgmf kemfdm pdydkgfcd idjvd gcdm" {dnvd kdm dnjbdn kdpd{ cemfdm{dyndm cdmuxgd nekdbdc nejgkupdm wdmf idjdfgdDkdpum kdbdc ydmfnd cemfd{dndm gxu xpgyg{udb kemfdm dfdcd kdbdc namxebgmf" _egfey kdm Bevgx cemkexnygpxgndm 9 {gpe pemkend{dm wdg{u- Pey{dcdPemkend{dm Enxpbdmd{ayg wdg{u pemkend{dm kemfdm cemffumdndm dfdcd kgbgjd{ xeidfdg xud{u jdxgb kdyg pemfdyuj#pemfdyuj budy wdmf cecpemfdyujg nbgem kdm cemfjdxgbndm nepeyhdwddm d{du {gmkdndm wdmf {gkdn ydxgamdb- Nekud- Pemkend{dm Kexnygp{g|e dkdbdj pemkend{dm kemfdm cebgjd{ neum{umfdm#neum{umfdm wdmf kgieygndm abej dfdcd nepdkd gmkg|gku#gmkg|gku kdm nepeyhdwddm idjvd dpd wdmf {eyodkg pdkd gmkg|gku kdpd{ cemabamf kgygmwd um{un ieynecidmf kdm ieyuidjCemuyu{ Hygx{gdm *477;' pemkend{dm xpgyg{udb igxd kggidyd{ndm xeidfdg xuciey dgy wdmf {gdkd jdigxmwd-

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Ce{ake kdm [enmgn kdbdc Namxebgmf Xpgyg{udb Feyg Cgbbey " cemwgcpubndm ieieydpd hdyd cdupum {enmgn ieyjuiumfdm kemfdm namxebgmf kemfdm pemkend{dm xpyg{udb" wdg{u? 4- Ce{ake d- Cecidmfum D{caxlgy Namxebgmf Cemhgp{dndm {ecpd{ kdm xudxdmd wdmf jemgmf *cgxdbmwd {dcdm wdmf xumwg'" xejgmffd xebdcd pey{ecudm {gkdn dkd fdmffudm dpdpum- Nedkddm gmg dndm cecumfngmndm nbgem ieyxdcd namxebay kdpd{ cecighdydndm xebdpgx kecg xebdpgx ce{dlayd kdyg dpd wdmf kgydxdndm xeidfdg xexud{u wdmf {ebdj nejgbdmfdm cdnmd- Pemhgp{ddm xudxdmd jemgmf gmg xdmfd{ pem{gmf um{un cecidm{u nbgem {eylanux kdbdc kgxnuxg xey{d pecighdyddm cemfemdg jgkupmwd kdm xeidfdg pemfjaycd{dm {eyjdkdp ngxdj peyoudmfdm kgygmwd ieyjdkdpdm kemfdm ieyidfdg ce{dlay *‒ gl ve hyed{e {je xpdhe" {je x{aygex vgbb hace ‒ '- Jdb wdmf peybu kgmfd{ abej namxebay idjvd cecighdydndm kgcemxg xpgyg{udb ceciu{ujndm nepeyhdwddm wdmf kdbdc" kgcdmd nbgem ceydxd dcdm *xdle{w" namxebay oufd jdyux cemkemfdyndm xebuyuj ngxdj nbgem {dmpd cemfjdngcg" dy{gmwd nekud iebdj pgjdn xdbgmf cemfjaycd{g * jamaygmf {je hbgem{‗x x{ayw 'i- Emhauydfecem{ al Xebl Hdye Namxebay cecidm{u nbgem um{un cebdnundm enxpbaydxg kgyg kemfdm cemhdyg hdyd#hdyd cemem{ydcndmmwd xebdcd cdxd#cdxd wdmf {gkdn pdx{g * xekgj d{du cemkeyg{d' idgn kg kdbdc kdm kg budy pey{ecudm namxebgmf" nbgem kdpd{ iebdody idfdgcdmd

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ceciud{ kgygmwd mwdcdm"kecgngdm pubd peyxepxgmwd {em{dmf kumgd kguidj kdbdc pyaxex namxebgmf- Namxebay kdpd{ cemffumdndm xebl hdye lay yedxxuydmhekdm xebl hdye lay jedbgmf kdbdc pyaxex enxpbaydxg {eyxeiu{h- Emhauydfecem{ al Xpyg{udb Pydh{ghe Cecidm{u nbgem um{un cemkdpd{ndm hdyd cemfenxpbaydxg kgcemxg xpyg{udbmwd xebdcd pyaxex namxebgmf-{dcpdnmwd beigj hahan kgidmkgmfndm kemfdm namxebay wdmf cemumounndm gxu#gxu xpyg{udb kdbdc namxebgmf- Enxpbaydxg xpyg{udb kdpd{ kgcubdg kdyg necdmd nbgem gmfgm cemecpd{ndm kgygmwd kdbdc jgyun#pgnun nejgkupdm nexejdygdm" dn{g|g{dx yg{udb xepey{g dpd wdmf xdmfd{ kgmfgmndmmwd xey{d cdcpu cemkayamf kd{dmfmwd jdydpdm- Cecidm{umwd xehdyd xpgyg{udb beigj njuxux kdbdc dfdcd kdm newdngmdmmwd dndm cdcpu cecieygndm cdnmd kdm pemweciujdm xebdcd {ydmxgxg wdmf xubg{Xebdmou{mwd nbgem jdyux cecgbgng xexeaydmf wdmf cemuyu{mwd mwdcdm um{un ieyidfg cdxdbdj cemfemdg newdngmdm xpgyg{udbmwd" xejgmffd Gd ceydxd dcdm xehdyd xpgyg{udb kg kumgd gmg- Gd oufd ceciu{ujndm nacumg{dx xpgyg{udb wdmf kdpd{ cemkunumfmwd kdm cemodkg {ecpd{ wdmf kdpd{ cemfgmfd{ndmmwd dndm mgbdg#m gbdg kdm cemkayamfmwd um{un cebdmou{ndm nejgkupdmmwdNacumg{dx xpgyg{udb gmg kdpd{ laycdb cdupum gmlaycdb9- [enmgn#{enmgn d- Yebgfgaux Pydh{ghe Cemuyu{ Pabacd kdm Pemkbe{am dkd ecpd{ {gpe kad" wdg{u ? *4' cekg{d{g|e" ieyjuiumfdm kemfdm gidkdj *iegmf gm Fak‗x pyexemhe yg{udbgx{gh'" cdnxukmwd

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kad kgbgid{ndm kdbdc yg{udb"*9' pe{g{gamdyw" cecgm{d xexud{u wdmf njuxux" kdm *8' habbatugdb- ieyjuiumfdm kemfdm xud{u nenud{dm cdjd {gmffg kdbdc cecajam igcigmfdm!{um{umdm- Nefgd{dm gmg kdpd{ kgbdnundm abej nbgem xemkgyg" ieyxdcd#xdcd kemfdm namxebay" d{du namxebay wdmf cebdnundmmwd kemfdm dbdxdm ? Gd cebdnundmmwd ndyemd newdngmdm dfdcdmwdNamxebay cebdnundm ndyemd ieieydpd nbgemmwd ieydkd kdbdc xg{udxg xubg{Namxebay cebdnundmmwd kgxeidindm cdxdbdj nbgemmwd xdmfd{ xundy kg{dmfdmgNamxebay cebdnundmmwd ndyemd nbgem ieydkd kdbdc xg{udxg ieyidjdwd" kdm kad {eyxeiu{ ceyupdndm idfgdm nyg{gx kdyg xebl hdyemwd xeidfdg namxebayYenacemkdxg kdyg Nebbw cemfdpd kdm ndpdm kad kgbdnundm kdbdc namxebgmf ? Igbd g{u cumfngm cecidm{u nbgem ieyuidj kdm nbgem kg{dmwd um{un ieykad d{du gd cecdmf {eyiund um{un g{uNamxebay peyhdwd pdkd kad kdm kdpd{ cemffumdndmmwd kdbdc peygbdnu wdmf xexudg kemfdm newdngmdm nbgemmwdNamxebay kdm nbgem xdmfd{ xexudg xehdyd xpgyg{udb kdm cemffumdndm kad {dmpd namlbgn kemfdm becidfd wdmf cecgbgng neigodndm4' Cecidhd Ng{di Xuhg Dn{g|g{dx gmg oufd ceyupdndm idfgdm kdyg namxebgmf *yebgfgaux igibga{jeydpw'" jdb gmg gmg xeidgnmwd kgne{djug xeodn dvdb xeidi dndm xdmfd{ cumfngm cecidm{u nbgemXeidfdg idfgdm kdyg dxexcem pyaxex" namxebay kdpd{

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cemdmwdndm idhddm dpd wdmf idfg nbgem cecieygndm pecdjdcdm dndm cdnmd" cemkd{dmfndm jdydpdm d{du ydxd dcdm kdbdc jgkup- Xdydm kdyg Yghdjdyk kdm Ieyfgm" xeidgnmwd idhddm {eyxeiu{ xexudg kemfdm newdngmdm nbgemDkdpum yenacemkdxg cemffumdndm hdyd gmg kgieygndm igbd cecdmf namxebay wdngm cebdbug pyaxex gmg nbgem {eyidm{u- Namxebay peybu cemwdkdyg ne{eyid{dxdm kg igkdmf gmg" abej ndyemdmwd kgiu{ujndm xeaydmf {anaj dfdcd *ham{aj? ux{dk" nwdg" kxi-'- Xebdgm g{u kg yenacemkdxgndm odmfdm ieykeid{ kemfdm nbgem cemfemdg jdb gmg" {e{dpg dbgj{dmfdmndm nepdkd aydmf wdmf djbg dfdcd9' Nacumg{dx Yebgfgux Vex{" cemwdydmndm dfdy namxebay oufd kdpd{ ieneyod dnydi kemfdm {anaj dfdcd pdkd nacumg{dx wdmf kgmfgmndm abej nbgem- Um{un cemfjgmkdyg nexdm neyod wdmf {gkdn pyalexgamdb cdnd {anaj gmg kgbgjd{ kdyg peyxpen{gl idjvd Gd xeaydmf djbg kdyg nacumg{dx dfdcd {eyxeiu{ kdm cemodkg {ecpd{ ieynamxub{dxg- Xebdgm g{u nacumg{dx gmg cemabamf nbgem ceydxd kgygmwd dkdbdj idfgdm kdyg nebacpan kdm ceyend cecieygndm kunumfdm ecaxgamdb d{du neiu{ujdm bdgmmwd- Odkg neyod xdcd d{du nabdiaydxg gmg kdpd{ cemoecid{dmg gxu#gxu jgkup wdmf xubg{ i- Femeydb Pydh{ghe 4' Igibga{jeydpw Dkd nefgd{dm gmg wdmf kgcdnxuk dkdbdj xeidfdg xud{u pyaxex ‒jedbgmf– kgfumdndm iunu#iunu d{du cd{eyg idhddm wdmf kdpd{ cecidm{u nbgem- Fabkx{egm cemfd{dndm idjvd dkd {gfd hdyd um{un cemffumdndm {enmgn gmg wdg{u ? xeidfdg xebl#jebp ekuhd{gamdb" pxwhjaxahgdb

49


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48


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45


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46


pemfaid{dmmwd kgieygndm nepdkd pxgngx d{du neogvddm> Cdmgpudxg bgmfnumfdm" wdg{u cecpemfdyujg d{du cem{eydpg bgmfnumfdm idfdg nexeciujdm pdxgem- Hdydmwd kdpd{ cemfdcigb iem{un cgbgeu {eydpg d{du xaxga{eydpg- Kemfdm kecgngdm" pxgna{eydpg dkdbdj pemfaid{dm kemfdm pygayg{dx xdxdydmmwd dkdbdj neogvddm cdmuxgdNdyemd g{u" Pxgna{eydpg kdpd{ kgdy{gndm xeidfdg gbcu um{un cecidm{u pemweciujdm kdm peydvd{dm {eyjdkdp dxpen neogvddm cdmuxgdGbcu gmg bdjgy kdyg gmkunmwd" wdg{u pxgnabafgXeidfdgcdmd gbcu wdmf bdjgy kg kumgd Idyd{" ucucmwd Pxgnabafg ieydndy pdkd pemkend{dm paxg{g|gx{gh kdm ecpgygx dm xghj- Hgygmwd me{ydb e{gn kdm dm{yapaxem{ygx- Pdkdjdb wdmf kgfebu{g kdm kgpebdodyg dkdbdj xebun#iebun {em{dmf neogvddm wdmf xgld{mwd mam#ecpgygx- Jdb gmg cemgciubndm neigmfumfdm kdm nefeyxdmfdm {eyxemkgyg idfg pxgnabfg- Dpdbdfg cdngm mdcpdn pxgnabafg dnjgymwd jdmwd cdcpu cecpebdodyg {em{dmf feodbd#feodbd kdyg ogvd wdmf ecpgygn xdod" ndyemd cecdmf pxgnabafg mwd{dmwd {gkdn xdmffup cemfe{djug kdm cemodmfndu ogvd wdmf xeiemdymwd- [gkdn cemfjeydmndm" ngmg pxgnabafg xeygmf kgxeiu{ xeidfdg ‒gbcu ogvd wdmf {gkdn ieyogvd– d{du gbcu ogvd wdmf {gkdn xdmffup cecpebdodyg ogvdKecgngdm oufd kemfdm Gbcu Pxgna{eydpg wdmf iey{ucpu pdkd pxgnabafg paxg{g|gx{gh wdmf ecpgygn" cem{eydpg ieyidfdg fdmffudm kdm pemwdng{ ogvd

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47


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90


Xdd{ gmg kg ndbdmfdm kumgd gm{eben{udb Gxbdc [jgiiuyyajcdmw xehdyd dndkecgx kgnemdb kemfdm kgxgpbgm gbcu Pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc wdmf ceyupdndm idfgdm gm{efydb kdyg Pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc- Xeidfdg idfgdm gm{efydb kdyg Pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc" Pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc dkdbdj gbcu {em{dmf pyaxex peydvd{dm kdm pemweciujdm pemwdng{ neogvddm kdm fdmffudm ogvd cebdbug gm{ey|emxg pxgnjgx wdmf kg kdxdyndm nepdkd pe{umoun db#Tuy‗dm kdm Dxxumdj- Nedoefdm ce{akabafgmwd kgidmfum cebdbug odbdm? gx{gmid{j" gt{gidx kdm gx{gtya- Pyaxex gx{gid{j dkdbdj pyaxex pemdbdydm kemfdm cemuyumndm {eayg#{eayg kdyg db# Tuy‗dm kdm Dxxumdj pdyd mdig um{un Pxgna{eydpgGt{gidx dkdbdj pyaxex pemdbdydm kemfdm cecgmodc {eayg jdxgb go{gjdk wdmf {ebdj doef kdyg pdyd djbg {em{dmf pxgna{eydpg xeoduj {gkdn iey{em{dmfdm kemfdm db#Tuy‗dm kdm Dxxumdj- Xekdmfndm gx{gtya dkdbdj pyaxex pemdbdydm kemfdm jdxgb ygxe{ kdm pemfdbdcdm ecpgygn kdm xpgyg{udb {em{dmf Pxgna{eydpgKdyg pemfdwddm cebdbug {gfd odbdm {eyxeiu{ kgkdpd{ ieyidfdg ce{ake ~{enmgn1skdbdc pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc um{un cecidm{u pyaxex pemweciujdm kdm peydvd{dm neogvddm xeidfdg ieygnu{? *4' [dxjavul# [jaygta{" *9' Kgngy" *8'Xjdbd{" *;' Pudxd" *<' Ka‗d" *6' Cdmkg [duid{ kdm *:' Jgncdj *wdmf kgiekdndm kemfdm nujdmdjd{du nbemgn!peykunumdm'- Xecudmwd {eyu{dcd kghdyg wdmf ieyelen {eydpg idfg ieyidfdg

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fdmffuddm kdm pemwdng{ ogvd- Ndyemd g{u ognd [TM kdpd{ cecgbgng ce{ake idfg pemweciujdm ieyidfdg fdmffudm kdm pemwdng{ neogvddm" g{u iundm dn{glg{dx peykunumdm" cebdgmndm kdpd{ kgpey{dmffumf# odvdindm kdm kg{ebg{g xehdyd gbcgdj" jdmwd aydmf iebuc idmwdn cemfe{djug kdm cecdjdcg {em{dmfjdb g{u[TM Xeidfdg Cakeb Pxgna{eydpg Gxbdc Dbdxdm wdmf pdbgmf xekeyjdmd" ndyemd cecdmf {dxjavul kdm {jaygta{ ieyfebu{ kemfdm updwd#updwd wdmf {eyndg{ kemfdm pecieyxgjdm xgxg kdbdc *idhd? id{jgm' cdmuxgd dfdy ieyxgj um{un cemkend{g Dbbdj XV[ Wdmf Cdjd Xuhg- Id{jgm cdmuxgd gmgbdj wdmf idmwdn kgenxpbaydxg kdm kgpebdodyg xehdyd cemkdbdc xejgmffd idmwdn jdb wdmf kgne{djug kdm kgpeyabej" ydjdxgdjmwd {eyxgmfndp" nefebdpdmwd {eyiund kdm {digy wdmf cemwebgcu{gmwd {eynudn" xejgmffd kdpd{bdj kgne{djug" dpdndj" xgdpdndjkdm idfdgcdmdndj bdjgy kdm id{jgm cdmuxgd g{u {eyu{dcd xgxg id{jgmmwdUm{un cecidm{u cecdjdcg idfdgcdmd ‒xgxg kdbdc– cdmuxgd" xehdyd fbaidb cdmuxgd g{u kdpd{ kgidfg nepdkd kud idfgdm wdg{u idfgdm jajgy kdm idfgdm id{jgm- Pey{dcd" idfgdm jajgy wdmf mdcpdn dkdbdj vuouk odxcdmg" cemuyu{ pdyd lgbaxal {eykgyg kdyg ecpd{ umxuy cd{eygdb wdg{u {dmdj" dgy" dpg kdm ukdyd- Neecpd{ umxuy gmg ieyxgld{ diga{gn *cd{g'-

99


Gd dndm jgkup ognd kgieyg emeyfg nejgkupdm abej DbbdjEmeyfg nejgkupdm gmg ng{d cemweiu{mwd kemfdm mwdvd- Gim Cgxndvdgj kdm Diub Jdxdm db#Dxw‗dyg cemdcdgmwd kemfdm xeiu{dm db#jdwd{ ^kdwd jgkupS wdmf kgiekdndm kemfdm dyyuj- Db#jdwd{ dkd xeodn dkdmwd xeb nebdcgm" xekdmfndm dyyuj cemwd{u kdbdc {uiuj xe{ebdj eciyga ieyuxgd ecpd{ iubdm kdbdc ndmkumfdm- Yuj ieyxgld{ odujdy kdm jdmwd kgcgbgng abej cdmuxgd" xekdmf jdwd{ ieyxgld{ ‚dyakj" kg cdmd jevdm oufd cecgbgng- Vuouk odxcdmg gmg ieyxgld{ cd{eygdb- xdmfd{ {eyfdm{dmf nepdkd jdb#jdb lgxgn" iu{uj cdndm kdm cgmuc" xdmfd{ {eyid{dx {e{dpg oufd pem{gmf xeidfdg vdkdj idfg d{jgm cdmuxgdNekud" umxuy id{jgm cdmuxgd dkdbdj idfgdm jdbux kdyg cdmuxgd {eyidfg kud" wdg{u yujdmg kdm mdlxdmg- *4' Xuix{dmxg yujdmg {eykgyg kdyg yuj wdmf cemodkg exmxg nejgkupdm cdmuxgd kdm peciekd kemfdm cdnjbun bdgm- Gd cecgbgng {jdig‗d{ {eyxemkgyg" cemuyu{ Gim Xgmd yuj dkdbdj nexecpuymddm dvdb ogxgc cdmuxgd wdmf {gmffg- Db#Ldydig cecdmkdmf yuj ieydxdb kdyg ‗dbdcub dcyg *dbdc peygm{dj' kdyg xgxg Dbbdj" nemkd{gpum gd {gkdn xdcd kemfdm#Mwd- Ndyemd yuj ieydxdb kdyg xgxg#Mwd cdnd pdkd pygmxgpmwd yuj cecgbgng {jdig‗d{ wdmf idgn kdm ieyxgld{ ne{ujdmdm *Gbdjgdj'- Gd jgkup cebdbug d{mwd xemkgyg" {gkdn iu{uj cdndm kdm cgmuc xey{d neiu{ujdm odxcdmg bdgmmwd" necd{gdm odxcdmg iundm ieydy{g necd{gdm yuj- Db# Fjddbg idjndm cemweiu{ yuj kdpd{ ieylgngy"

98


cemfgmfd{ kdm cemfe{djug xey{d {eyux jgkup xdcpdg mdm{g kd{dmf nejdkdpdm Gbdjg- Cexngpum iefg{u cdmuxgd {gkdn idmwdn cemfe{djug {em{dmf jdngnd{ kdm ydjdxgd yuj gmg" jdmwd Dbbdj Wdmf Cdjd [dju^9S Xuix{dmxg mdlxdmg" gd {eykgyg kdyg mdlx *iekdndm kemfdm gx{gbdj mdlxu xejdyg#jdyg'- Mdlx cecgbgng fdiumfdm {jdig‗d{ dm{dyd odxcdmg kdm yujdmg- Gd xeidfdg pa{emxg idfg odxcdmg kdm yujdm *pxgna#pgxgn' cdmuxgd ndyemd g{u gd {eygnd{ kemfdm junuc odxcdmg kdm yujdmg- Ndyemd ieylumfxg xeidfdg pa{emxg" gd {gkdn iabej cd{g d{du xeidbgnmwd {eybdbu kg igdyndm bgdy- Xe{gdp nacpamem kdyg mdlx gmg cecgbgng kdwd#kdwd bd{em wdmf ieypa{emxg kdpd{ cemffeydndm {gmfndj bdnu cdmuxgd ne dydj wdmf idgn d{du cemoeyucuxndmwd nedydj wdmf iuyun *TX-Dxw# Xwdcx?6#:'- Dn{udbgxdxg mdlx gmg beigj oduj kdpd{ ceciem{un nepygidkgdm cdmuxgd" xepey{g dpd xaxan kdm pygbdnu xexeaydmf"yupdmwd pa{emxg#pa{emxg mdlx gmgbdj wdmf cemfemkdbgndmmwd- Mdlx cdmd wdmf pdbgmf kacgmdm cemfudxdg kgyg cdmuxgd" cdnd xepey{g g{ubdj xaxan pygbdnu kdm xepdn {eyodmfmwdKdyg xgmg mdcpdn idfdgcdmd paxgxg x{yd{efgx mdlx kdbdc nejgkupdm cdmuxgd- Vdkdj dn{u dbgxdxdg mdlx gmg dkd 8? *4' tabiu" *9' ‚dtb kdm *8' mdlxu- Ne{gfd vdkdj dn{udbgxdxg mdlx gmg cdxgmf#cdxgmf cecgbgng kud xuix{dmxg" odxcdmg#yujdmg" ndyemdmwd dkd gx{gbdj tdbiu odxcdmg vuouk lgxgn cd{eygdbmwd kdm tdbiu yujdmg xuix{dmxg gccd{eygdbmwd-

9;


Cemuyu{ Db#Fdjddbg" tdbiu cecgbgng gmx{gmf muy Gbdjw *hdjdwd ne{ujdmdm' kdm idxjgyaj id{jgmgwwdj *cd{d id{jgm'- Gd beigj kend{ nepdkd xgxg yujdmg kdyg pdkd odxcdmg- Lg{ydj dxdbmwd hemkeyumf cemeygcd neiemdydm- Gd ieylumfxg xeifdg pecdmku" pemfam{yab kdm pemfemkdbg ieyidfdg mdlx kemfdm xefdbd pa{emxgmwd- Cexngpum iefg{u" gd cecgbgng ndydn{ey xund iabdn#idbgn kdm kdpd{ ieypemwdng{ *T-X- Db#Idtdydj?40'Kg bgjd{ kdyg xgxg gmg ndg{dmmwd kemfdm mdlx kg d{dx oebdx tdbiu cecgcgbgng paxgxg pem{gmf kdm oufd x{yd{efgx" xeidfdg pemfemkdbg mdlx cdmuxgd- [e{dpg cebgjd{ xgld{mwd" tdbiu oufd kdpd{ na{ay kdm ieypemwdng{- Cumfngm oufd ndyemd kayamfdm d{du {dygndm#{dygndm kdyg mdlx {eyu{dc pa{emxg mdlx wdmf ieyxgld{ mefd{glXekecgngdm pem{gmf kdm x{yd{efgxmwd tdbiu" xejgmffd kdbdc jdkg{x ygvdwd{ Gcdc Iunjdyg kdyg Mu‗cdm Igm Idxwgy kg{efdxndm" tdbiu cemem{undm idgn#iuyunmwd cdmuxgd- Xexud{u wdmf cemdygn dkdbdj" ogndtdbiu xeifdg nemkdbg idfg mdlx" cdnd ne{gnd gd xemkgyg na{ay d{du eyyay" cebdbug dpd gd kdpd{ kgieyxgjndm1 Kdbdc cCgl{djuxjukuy kemfdm {efdx" jdkg{xmwd kgxeiu{ndm?–…idjvd xefdbd xexud{u dkd dbd{ pecieyxgjmwd" kdm pecieyxgj idfg tdbiu dkdbdj Kgngy…–Kgngy wdmf kgcdnxuk kdbdc jecd{pemubgx dkdbdj kgngy wdmf kgddyndm kemfdm ce{ake njuxux

95


xepey{g [jdygtd{ Takdygdj Mdtxdidmkgwdj *[TM'Gmgbdj Kgngy wdmf elen{gl kdm elgxgem idfg pyaxex kg{anxglgndxg na{aydm tdbiu- Gmg ieydy{g kgngy xehdyd ucuc {e{dp ieycdmld{" {e{dpg {gkdn dndm xeelen{gl kgngy kemfdm ce{ake njuxux wdmf {ebdj {eyuog kdbdc {jaygtd{Xebdmou{mwd {gmffdb ceciamfndy kdm cemfe{djug xd{u bdfg fukdmf pa{emxg dmufeydj Gbdjg wdg{u mdlx- Kg xgmgbdj nejeid{dm [TM dndm mdcpdn" ndyemd [TM ieyjdxgb ceciamfndy dpd" idfdgcdmd" kg cdmd kdm pa{emxg#pa{emxg dpd wdmf kgndmkumf abej mdlx g{uMdlx dkdbdj ndmkumfdm xuix{dmxg mdlxdmg wdmf beigj {epd{ ng{d dy{gndm ogvd wdmf xexumffujmwd *kgidmkgmf kemfdm gx{gbdj ogvd d{du xaub d{du cem{db kdbdc gx{gbj Pxgnabafg Idyd{'- Kdbdc dodydm [TM kg{ecundm dkd {uouj xdcpdg xepubuj mdlx wdmf {eynemdb" wdg{u? *4' Mdlxub Dccdyaj" *9' Mdlxub Bdvvdcdj" *8' Mdlxub Cubjgcdj! Xdvgwwdj" *;' mdlxub Cu{jcd‗gmdj" *5' Mdxuy Yakgwwdj" *<'Mdlxub Cdykgwwdj" *6' Mdlxub ndcgbdj- [gdp#{gdp mdlx gmg cecgbgng pa{emxg idgn#iuyun" iundm jdmwd g{u kdbdc [TM {gdp mdlx gmg kdpd{ kgne{djug {g{gn d{du {ecpd{ xey{d vdkdj dn{udbg{dxmwd" wdmf xendbgfux xeidfdg payax pemfjuiumf dm{dyd odxcdmg#yujdmg xdd{ ceyend ieypyaxex cemuou pemgmfnd{dm gcdm cdmuxgd ne dydj wdmf beigj {gmffg- Vdkdj gmg *xeiu{ xdod iefg{u' kgxeiu{ bd{jgldj" ndyemd xdngmf jdbuxmwd-

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Nedkddm gmg kdpd{ kgfdcidyndm kdbdc cd{ygn xeidfdg ieygnu{? Ma , Mdcd Mdlx 4- Dccdyaj 9- Bdvvdcdj 8- Cubjgcdj ;- Cu{jcd‗gmmdj 5- Yakbgwdj <- Cdykgwwdj

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96


ydxgamdb- Xehdyd pxgnabafgx gd hemkeyumf ne peydxddm! ecaxg xekdmfndm xehdyd ydxgamdb gd hemkeyumf nepdkd kdwd dndb- [e{dpg {eygdn nekudmwd {eyndkdmf xegcidmf ndyemd g{u ndydn{ey bdvvdcdj dkdbdj ndydn{ey wdmf ydfu#ydfu ndyemd xebdbu ieydkd kdbdc {dygndm kud xgxg-Kdyg xefg mdcd bdvvdcdj kdpd{ ieydy{gkud jdb" wdg{u db#bduc *cemhebd'" gd kdpd{ cemhebd d{du cemwexdb ne{gnd ieyiud{ xdbdj kdm kaxd {e{dpg {gkdn xdmffup um{un ieyjem{g cemgmffdbndmmwd- Db#bduc oufd kdpd{ ieydy{g {dyakkuk *igcidmf kdm ydfu' ndyemd dkdkgkud {g{gn enx{ygc- Ndyemd g{u xebdbu {gkdn gx{gtacdj kdbdc xd{u nedkddm dm{dyd gmfd{ kdm bupd" cemeygcd bdbu cemabdn" hgm{d {dpg iemhg" {duid{ {dpg kuyjdnd" peyhdwd {dpg {gid#{uid ydfubdfg" kx{- Ognd {gkdn kgigcigmf abej tabiu gd dndm {eyxeyd{ ne ndvdxdm dccdyaj cgxdbmwd cemodkg cdmuxgd bghun" {e{dpg ognd {eynemkdbgndm abej tabiu gd dndm cemodkg cdmuxgd ld{jamdjwdmf pgm{dy" ndyemd jdngnd{ bghgn kemfdm pgm{dy id{dxmwd xekgng{- Ndyemd g{u xebdgm xgxg iuyun mdlx bdvvdcdj oufd ceyupdndm fukdmf pa{emxg paxg{gl kdyg dkdmwd xgld{#xgld{ idgn xepey{g wdtgm kdm keycdvdm" iundmndj wdtgm dkdbdj neydfudm wdmf {eyodvdi xehdyd pdx{g" xekdmfndm keycdvdm dkdbdj xgndp kg {emfdj dm{dyd ngngy kdm iayaxNemdbgbdj ndydn{ey kdm gmkgnd{ay cdxgmf# cdxgmf mdlxu xgxg idgn iuyunmwd" mgxhdwd ng{d dndm xefeyd {dju xepey{g dpd xaxan pygidkgkdm ndydn{ey

9:


cdmuxgd g{u- D{du cumfngm ng{d dndm xefeyd {dju kdbdc paxgxg dpd xaxan xeaydmf cdmuxgd wdmf xekdmf ng{d jdkdpg" dndm xefeyd {eyke{enxg ognd ng{d xefeyd {dju mdlx wdmf xekdmf kacgmdm kdbdc nepygidkgdmmwd- Cdmuxgd wdmf cecgbgng ieydfdg feodbd neogvddm wdmf nuydmf maycdb idgn ieyupd fdmffudm neogvddm *meuya{gn' cdupum pemwdng{ ogvd *pxgna{gn' ognd ng{d pend kdm {eybd{gj dndm xefeyd nebgjd{dm {g{gn mdlx cdmd wdmf {ebdj yuxdn kdm {gkdn xegcidmf kdm mdlx cdmd wdmf peybu kg puxj" kg up# fydke *kg {endm kdm kgpeyidgng' dfdy cemhdpdg {g{gn nexegcidmfdm" mdlx cdmd wdmf {ebdj jdmhuy jgmffd peybu kg{eydpg d{du kgxeciujndm kdm xe{eyuxmwdXe{ebdj kgne{djug cdnd dndm nebgjd{dm {g{gn bd{jgldj cdmd wdmf peybu kgxem{uj kdm {eydpgNdyemd bd{jgldj g{u ceyupdndm umxuy wdmf xemfd{ jdbux kdm gccd{eygdb dbd{ gm{ey|emxg {eyjdkdp bd{jgldj {gkdn igxd kemfdm xexud{u wdmf ndxdy" odxdkg d{du lgxgncd{eygdb xepey{g odyuc xum{gn d{du aid{# aid{dm pdycdxg- Gm{ey|emxg {eyjdkdp mdlx wdmf dkd pdkd bd{jgldj g{u ceceybundm xexud{u wdmf jdbux kdm gccd{eygdb- Gmgbdj nejeid{dm kgngy wdmf cecgbgng nenud{dm emeyfg gccd{eygdb xejgmffd xdmffup xehdyd {epd{ cemffekay kdm cemfdkdndm gm{ey|emxg {eyjdkdp {g{gn#{g{gn bd{jgldj {eyxeiu{ um{un kg{eydpg" kgpeyidgng kdm kgxegcidmfndmIdfg wdmf cemkeyg{d meuya{gn d{du pxgna{gn gm{ey|emxg kgngy kemfdm emeyfg gccd{eygdbmwd kdyg

97


[TM dndm ieyxgld{ {eydpgx {eyjdkdp ieyidfdg fdmffudm {eyxeiu{- Xejgmffd {gkdn cemfjeydmndm ieyidfdg fdmffudm kdm na{aydm pemwdng{ neogvddm wdmf ieyxuciey kdyg ieyidfdg mdlx kdm tabiu {eyxeiu{ cemodkg nuydmfd{du jgbdmf"gmgbdj cdnmd nexeciujdm kdm elen {eydpg kdyg kgngy [TM- Idfg gnjvdm wdmf cemkdvdcndm kgngy [TM kdm {gkdn cecgbgng fdmffudm meuya{gn#pxgna{gn" cdnd kgngy kdpd{ ieylumfxg ‒cexgm–pemwegcidmfdm emeyfg xpgyg{udb" pemfemkdbgdm ieyidfdg kayamfdm mdlx" kdm pecieyxgjdm tabiu xeidfdg pemfd{uy mdlx- Beigj oduj bdfg neieyxgjdm tabiu kemfdm {eyux cemfdxdj bd{jgldj#bd{jgldj {eyxeiu{ dndm xdmffup cecidvd nepdkd pumhdn jdngnd{ cd‗ygld{" idgn cd‗ygld{ub dxcd‗cd‗ygld{uxj#xjgld{ cd‗ygld{ub dldb " idjndm cd‗ygld{ukd{ xeidfdg cd‗ygld{ {ey{gmffgKdbdc pydn{enmwd kgngy [TM kgbdnundm kemfdm ieieydpd feydndm wdmf gm{gmwd cemwem{uj d{du ‒cemffekay– ne{uouj {g{gn bd{jgldj{ey xeiu{ xehdyd xgcub{dm kdm xegcidmf cebdbug jg{umfdm d{du kgxgxg {ey{em{u kgcubdg kdyg *4' [g{gn Bd{jgld{ubtabig- *9' cdxun nepdkd bd{jgld{uyyuj" *8' [g{gn Bd{jgld{uxgyyg" *;' [g{gn Bd{jgld{ubnjalw" *5' Bd{jgld{ubdnjld" *<' Bd{jgld{ummdlxg" ieydnjgy kg{g{gn Bd{jgldbtabdi!nubodxdk xejgmffd ieyiem{unbdj feydndm kgngy xepey{g wdmf ng{d nemdb- Kemfdm hdyd wdmf iemdy pdkd {gdp dnjgy pyaxex kgngy kg {gdp bd{jgldj gmgbdj wdmf dndm {eyhdpdg dpd wdmf kgxwdyd{ndm Dbbdj kdbdc TX> D#_ucdy?98>

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84


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89


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88


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8;


*ne{ebdkdmdm peygbdnu wdmf idgn'> kdm *5' ce{ake ng{didj *{ubgxdm'Ndg{dmmwd kemfdm ce{ake wdmf kgfumdndm kdbdc pyaxex igcigmfdm Gxbdc *Gyxwdk' xeidfdgcdmd kgmwd{dndm abej ne{gfd pdndy {eyxeiu{ kg d{dx" {eyu{dcd cemfemdg djxdmu tdubdm" wdmf xehdyd pygmxgpgb db#Tuy‗dm cecieygndm dhudm cemfemdg pemffumddm idjdxd * djxdmu tdubdm' kdbdc pemwdcpdgdm pexdm gyxwdk" wdg{u? *4' Tdvbdm cd‗yuld *db#Idtdydj?57' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf papubey> *9' Tdvbdm xdkgkd *Db#Mgxd?7'" wdg{u idjdxd peyxudxgl> *8' Tdvbdm idbgfd *db#Mgxd?<8' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf {epd{ xg{udxg kdm namkgxg> *;' Tdvbdm ndygcd *db#Gyxd?98'" wdg{u idjdxd wdmf cubgd> *5' Tdvbdm cdexwuyd *db# Gxyd?9:' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf cukdj kgpdjdcg> *<' Tdvbdm dkgcd *db#Gxyd?;0' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf dfumf> *6' Tdvbdm bdwgmd *{jdjd?;;' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf becdj beciu{> *:' xdbdcum Tdvbdm *Wdxgm?5:' wdg{u idjdxd nekdcdgdm> *7' Tdvbdm {xdtgbd *db#Cudcgb?5' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf ieyiaia{> *40' Tdub db#Jdt *Cdywdc?8;'" dwg{u idjdxd wdmf cemfdmkumf neiemdydm aioen{gl> *44' Db#{jdwgi cgm Tdvb *db#Jdoo?9;' wdg{u idjdxd wdmf idgn kdm ieyxgj> *49' db#Tdvb db#[xdig{ *Giydjgc?96'" wdg{u idjdxd wdmf namxgx{em> *48' Tdvbu ydxubg ndygc *db#[dtvgy?47'" wdg{u idjdxd u{uxdm wdmf cubgd> kdm *4;' Tdvb ldxjb *d{#[jdygt?48'" wdg{u idjdxd wdmf dmdbg{gn- Cdhdc#cdhdc idjdxd bgxdm {eyxeiu{ dkdbdj xeidfdg pemodidydm kdyg djxdmu tdvbd-

85


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86


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8:


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87


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gm{eypeyxamdb dcd{ ieyfdm{umf pdkd peyxepxg gm{eypeyxamdbIeykdxdyndm dxucxg#dxucxg {eyxeiu{ kg d{dx" oebdx cemodkg peybu idfg xeaydmf pecigcigmf *cuyxwgk' cecdjdcg namxep kdm cecgbgng ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg *gm{eypeyxamdb haccumghd{gam'" ndyemd nudbg{dx pecdjdcdm kdm ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg dndm xdmfd{ ieypemfdyuj kdbdc cemhgp{dndm xudxdmd nednydidm" nepudxdm kdm nepeyhdwddm xeaydmf cuyxwdk igj" beigj kdyg g{u um{un kdpd{ cemwgmfndpndm kgyg cuyxwdk igj xeidfdg xdbdj xd{u pyaxex kgdfmaxgx {eyjdkdp peycdxdbdjdm wdmf xekdmf kgdbdcg cuyxwdk igj" wdmf mdm{gmwd kgodkgndm iendb um{un kdm kdbdc pyaxex pecieygdm xabuxg d{du iendb um{un cebdnundm {eydpg *xwgld'Xebdgm dbdxdm#dbdxdm {eyxeiu{ kg d{dx" cemfemdg cemfdpd nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg wdmf kgodkgndm dbd{ kdbdc igcigmfdm Gxbdc dkdbdj ndyemd dkdmwd dbdxdm lumfxgamdb" wdg{u idjvd nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg kdbdc pyaxex igcigmfdm ieylumfxg xeidfdg ieygnu{? *4' cebdbug nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ng{d ieyuxdjd cecemujg neiu{ujdm xaxgdb d{du pxgnabafgx cuyxwdk igj> *9' cebdbug nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ng{d cemfdcidmfndm nexdkdydm kgyg cuyxwdk igj> *8' cebdbug nacumgndxg ng{d cemfnamlgycdxgndm {em{dmf xgdpd kdm dpd kgyg cuyxwdk igj> *;' cebdbug nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ng{d

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ceme{dpndm juiumfdm ng{d kemfdm cuyxwdk igj? *5' cebdbug nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ng{d cecpeyabej gmlaycdxg cemfemdg cuyxwdk igj> kdm *<' cebdbug nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ng{d kdpd{ cecpemfdyujg cuyxwdk igjXebdgm g{u" peme{dpdm nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg kdbdc pyaxex igcigmfdm Gxbdc kgkdxdyndm pdkd ieieydpd pygmxgp kdbdc oemgx nacumgndxg {eyxeiu{" pdbgmf {gkdn dkdbdj? *4' nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ieyxgld{ yebdxgamdb" *9' nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb cemfdmkumf cdnxuk {ey{em{u" *8' nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ieybdmfxumf {eyux#cemeyux" *;' pexdm nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb ieyuidj#uidj kdbdc pyaxex emnakgmf xehdyd xdkdyI- Idfdgcdmd Pyaxex Nacumgndxg Gm{eypeyxamdb Kdbdc Igcigmfdm Gxbdc Xecud peygx{gvd nacumgndg gm{eypeyxamdb ceyupdndm jdxgb kdyg pyaxex wdmf nacpbenx kemfdm cebgid{ndm idgn nafmgxg *pecgngydm' cdupum peygbdnu *peyiud{dm'- Abej ndyemdmmwd pecdjdcdm {em{dmf ebecem#ebecem nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg ceyupdndm bdmfndj dvdb kdbdc cemfecidmfndm pemfe{djudm kdm ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb- Um{un nepem{gmfdm {eyxeiu{" {dcpdnmwd cemodkg peybu dkdmwd pecidjdxdm cemfemdg ebecem#ebecem nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg *gm{eypeyxamdb haccu# mghd{gam'-

;9


Cemuyu{ Yukabpj kdm Nd{jbeem" ebecem#ebecem u{dcd kdbdc pyaxex nacumgndxg wdmf kgcdnxuk dkdbdj xeidfdg ieygnu{? 4- Pdy{gxgpdm Pdy{gxgpdm kdbdc nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb igxd kgdmffdp cebdnundm kud peydm" wdg{u pemfgygc kdm pemeygcd" kdm kdbdc xeidfgdm iexdy xg{udxg gm{eypeyxamdb pdy{gxgpdm cebdnundm kud peydm {eyxeiu{ xendbgfux- Xeidfdg pemfgygc" ng{d ceciem{un pexdm kdm ieyuxdjd cemf# nacumgndxgndmmwd pdkd aydmf bdgm cebdbug xgciab# xgciab |eyidb kdm peygbdnu mam|eyidb- Xeidfdg pemeygcd" ng{d cecpyaxex pexdm kdm peygbdnu wdmf ng{d {eygcd kdm ng{d {dmffdpg- Peyxdcddm kdm peyiekddm wdmf cumfngm cemgciubndm elen wdmf pdbgmf iexdy {eyjdkdp pdy{gxgpdm dkdbdj lgxgn *ydx" oemgxn ebdcgm" uxgd'> pxgnabafgx *nepygidkgdm" xgndp" mgbdg" {gmfnd{ nepeyhdwddm kgyg'> xaxgdb *{gmfnd{ pemfdbdcdm kdbdc cemfjdkdpg aydmf bdgm kdm xg{udxg nacpbenx'> gm{eben{udb *pemfe{djudm kdm ne{eydcpgbdm'> kdm hgyg#hgyg femkey kdm iukdwd9- Nam{enx Nam{enx kdbdc nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb cecpemfdyujg enxpen{dxg pdy{gxgpdm" cdnmd wdmf kg{eygcd pdy{gxgpdm" kdm peygbdnu ieygnu{mwd- Nam{enx wdmf kgcdnxukndm kgxgmg dkdbdj bgmfnumfdm *4' lgxgn"

;8


*9' xaxgdb" *8' jgx{aygx" *;' pxgnabafgx" *5' nub{uydb wdmf cebgmfnupg peygx{gvd nacumgndxg8- D{uydm Cexngpum newdngmdm kdm mgbdg wdmf kgdnug ieyxdcd#xdcd ceyupdndm hgyg#hgyg pem{gmf kdyg nub{uy" d{uydm nacumgndxg kdbdc xeiudj nub{uybdj wdmf xehdyd bdmfxumf cecpemfdyujg hdyd aydmf ieygm{eydnxg- D{uydm wdmf kgcdnxukndm dkdbdj yexep {gkdn {ey{ubgx wdmf cemumounndm peygbdnu dpd wdmf kgjdyuxndm" kgxundg" d{du kgbdydmf kdbdc nam{enx {ey{em{u-––D{uydm nacumgndxg kdbdc jdb gmg cecieyg pe{umoun pdkd ng{d {em{dmf pexdm d{du peygbdnu xepey{g dpd wdmf xexudg kdbdc nam{enx lgxgn d{du xaxgdb {ey{em{u d{du xexudg kemfdm aydmf d{du nebacpan aydmf {ey{em{u- Pdkd xdd{ wdmf xdcd d{uydm oufd cemwekgdndm neydmfnd um{un cemdlxgyndm peygbdnu aydmf bdgm;- Pexdm Pexdm dkdbdj umfndpdm |eyidb kdm peygbdnu mam|eyidb wdmf kgndg{ndm kemfdm cdnmd xebdcd pyaxex nacumgndxg- Um{un cecdjdcg hdyd neyod pexdm wdmf nacpbenx" ng{d jdyux cecdjdcg cdnmd kdm xgciab" emnakgmf kdm kenakgmf" kdm iem{un kdyg ayfdmgxdxg pexdm- Kdbdc nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb" cdnmd kghgp{dndm cebdbug pemfgygcdm kdm pemeygcddm pexdm wdmf xehdyd cukdj igxd kgdy{gndm xeidfdg xenekdy nd{d#nd{d wdmf kgngygcndm kdyg xd{u aydmf ne aydmf bdgm- Idfg xeaydmf pecigcigmf

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*cuyxwgk' necdcpudm cemwuxum pexdm *cdxxdfe hacpe{emhe' ceyupdndm necdcpudm wdmf pem{gmf" ndyemd pem{gmfmwd cdnd nenuydmf cdcpudm kdbdc cemwuxum pexdm cemodkgndm nacumgndxg {gkdn elen{gl idjndm xehdyd ucuc idfg ceyend wdmf nuydmf cdcpu cemwuxum pexdm" ceyend dndm {eypgxdj kdyg nejgkupdm maycdb5- Xdbuydm Xefeyd xe{ebdj {eyiem{un" pexdm kgngygc cebdbug xdbuydm pdmhdgmkeyd- Pexdm bgxdm kgxdcpdgndm kdyg xd{u aydmf ne aydmf bdgm cebdbug febacidmf xudyd> pexdm {ey{ubgx kdm mam|eyidb" {eycdxdun pexdm gxwdyd{" enxpyexg vdodj" feydn#gxwdyd{d" kdm feydndm" kgxdcpdgndm cebdbug febacidmf hdjdwd- Cexngpum nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb igdxdmwd cemffumdndm kud xdbuydm kdxdy {eyxeiu{" wdg{u xudyd kdm hdjdwd" aydmf igxd ieynacumgndxg cebdbug bgcd xdbuydm pdmhdgmkeyd wdmf cdmd pum- Xepey{g idu jdyuc kdm odid{ {dmfdm eyd{ igxd xdcd pem{gmfmwd kemfdm dpd wdmf ng{d bgjd{ kdm ng{d kemfdy<- Magxe Magxe dkdbdj xecud x{gcubux wdmf cemffdmffu pemwdcpdgdm cdnmd- Magxe igxd ieyxgld{ enx{eymdb d{du gm{eymdb idfg pdy{gxgpdm" d{du kgxeidindm abej xgciab pexdm- Magxe kdbdc nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg pdkd kdxdymwd {eyidfg pdkd *4' magxe Enx{eymdb> *9' magxe gm{eymdb> kdm *8' magxe xecdm{gx-

;5


6- Ucpdm Idbgn *Leekidhn ' Ucpdm idbgn dkdbdj yexpamx {eyjdkdp xeiudj pexdm- Yexpamx {eyxeiu{ ceyelbenxgndm cdnmd wdmf kghgp{dndm kdm xdbgmf kgcemfey{g cebdbug pexdm {eykdjubu- Ucpdm idbgn cemumounndm nepdkd aydmf wdmf cemfgygc pexdm dpdndj kdm idfdgcdmd pexdm {eyxeiu{ kgkemfdy" kgbgjd{" kdm kgpdjdcg- Ognd yexpam |eyidb kdm mam|eyidb cemumounndm nepdkd pemfgygc idjvd cdnmd peyxamdb wdmf kgcdnxuk {gkdn {eyxdcpdgndm" pemfgygc pey{dcd igxd cemhaid cemecundm hdyd bdgm kemfdm cemfemnakgmf pexdm {eyxeiu{ um{un cebuyuxndm cdnmd wdmf kgpdjdcg kemfdm cdnmd xecubd- Ucpdm idbgn kdbdc pyaxex nacumgndxg cecdgmndm peydm wdmf dcd{ pem{gmf xeidi gd cemem{undm ieybdmou{mwd nacumgndxg d{du d{du ieyjem{gmwd nacumgndxg wdmf kgbdmhdyndm abej nacumgnd{ay" kdm ucpdm idbgn pdkd nacumgndxg dm{dypygidkg ndyemd xg{udxgmwd {d{dp cund *ldhe {a ldhe haccumghd{gam' {dmffdpdm nacumgndm kdpd{ xefeyd kgne{djug ndyemd ieyxgld{ bdmfxumf d{du ucpdm idbgn xene{gnd *gccekgd{e leekidhn'H- Cemodkg Nacumgnd{ay Gm{eypeyxamdb wdmf Nacpe{em Nacpe{emxg dkdbdj nexdm d{du pemgbdgdm wdmf kgiud{ abej xexeaydmf {em{dmf aydmf bdgm- D{dx kdxdy g{u nacpe{emxg eyd{ ndg{dmmwd kemfdm peyxepxg jgmffd xeaydmf nacumgnd{ay jdyux ieyuxdjd

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cemhgp{dndm peyxepxg wdmf paxg{gl cebdbug pexdm |eyidb wdmf ng{d ngygcndm kdm peygbdnu mam|eyidb wdmf cemwey{dgmwd- Peyxepxg {em{dmf nacpe{emxg xeidfgdm {eyfdm{umf pdkd ca{g|dxg" pemfe{djudm" kdm ne{eydcpgbdm peyxamdb- Abej ndyemd g{u" wdmf kgcdnxuk nacpe{emxg nacumgndxg dkdbdj nexdm idjvd peygbdnu nacumgnd{gl g{u {epd{ kdm elen{gl kdbdc xd{u juiumfdm {ey{em{uNacumgndxg kgnd{dndm elen{gl dpdigbd igxd cemhdpdg {uoudmmwd kdm nacumgndxg kgnd{dndm {epd{ dpdigbd xexudg kemfdm wdmf kgjdydpndm kdbdc juiumfdm {eyxeiu{- Xehdyd njuxux" ognd nacumgndxg g{u {epd{" xe{gdp aydmf cewdngmg idjvd aydmf bdgm cecd{ujg d{uydm xaxgdb {em{dmf peygbdnu wdmf ieybdnu pdkd oemgx juiumfdm ceyend kdm xg{udxg peyhdndpdm wdmf cebgid{ndm ceyendNacpe{emxg nacumgndxg pdkd kdxdymwd ceyupdndm nacigmdxg dm{dy ca{g|dxg" pemfe{djudm" kdm ne{eydcpgbdm" kdm nacigmdxg ne{gfd ldn{ay {eyxeiu{ cemfdydjndm xexeaydmf cemodkg nacumgnd{ay wdmf nacpe{em" xeidi *4' xeieydpd iexdy negmfgmdm xexeaydmf um{un ceciud{ nexdm wdmf idgn kdm ieynacumgndxg xehdyd elen{gl cecumfndm aydmf beigj {eyca{g|dxg um{un cemkdpd{ndm pemfjdyfddm> *9' xecdngm aydmf cecdjdcg idfdgcdmd ieypeygbdnu kdbdc xg{udxg {ey{em{u" xecdngm cumfngm ceyend kgnd{dndm nacpe{em> kdm *8' dpdibgd ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgnd{ay

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iey{dcidj" nacpe{emxg nacumgnd{ay oufd iey{dcidj" ndyemd xecdngm idmwdn ne{eydcpgbdm wdmf ng{d cgbgng" xecdngm cumfngm ng{d cdcpu cemwuxum pexdm ng{d dfdy cemodkg elen{gl kdm {epd{ kdbdc ieynacumgndxgPdbgmf {gkdn dkd bgcd ne{eydcpgbdm wdmf cemumodmf xexeaydmf cemodkg nacpe{em kdbdc nacumgndxg" wdg{u? 4- Ne{eydcpgbdm ceciem{un#pexdm cemdcidj nednuyd{dm kdm neoebdxdm pexdm wdmf kgngygc9- Ne{eydcpgbdm xudxdmd#peyhdndpdm cemdcidj necumfngmdm dmkd kdm pdy{mey dmkd cemfecidmfndm juiumfdm wdmf xdbgmf cemkunumf" wdg{u juiumfdm wdmf cemgciubndm nepeyhdwddm xd{u xdcd bdgm8- Ne{eydcpgbdm cemkemfdyndm um{un cecdjdcg cemdcidj necumfngmdm dmkd igxd cecdjdcg cdnmd aydmf bdgm;- Ne{eydcpgbdm ecpd{g#yexpam cemdcidj necumfngmdm dmkd cdcpu cecdjdcg kdm ceyexpam pemfdbdcdm ecaxgamdb aydmf bdgm5- Ne{eydcpgbdm cemwgmfndp cemdcidj necumfngmdm dmkd dndm ieyidfg fdfdxdm kdm peydxddm kemfdm hdyd wdmf ououy kdm xemxg{glUm{un cecpeyidgng ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb" kgxdydmndm cemwuxum {uoudm peyidgndm ne{eydcpgbdm njuxux {em{dmf nacumgndxg gm{eypeyxamdb kemfdm cemubgx yemhdmd peyidgndm

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nacumgndxg xehdyd laycdb" wdg{u kemfdm> *4' cemgbdg ne{eydcpgbdm ng{d> *9' xeiebuc ng{d igxd cemwuxum {uoudm d{du cemubgx yemhdmd peyidgndm" ng{d kgdmouyndm {eybeigj kdjubu cemfdmdbgxgx ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgndxg ng{d xdd{ gmg kdm cemem{undm idfgdm cdmd wdmf igxd kgpeyidgngXebdgm cemwuxum yemhdmd um{un cemgmfnd{ndm nacpe{emxg kdbdc nacumgndxg {eykdpd{ bgcd pekacdm wdmf cumfngm kdpd{ cecidm{u kdbdc cemgmfnd{ndm nacpe{emxg kdbdc ieynacumgndxg" {eyu{dcd um{un cemfjgmkdyg peycdxdbdjdm dix{ydnxg wdmf cumfngm cumhub" wdg{u? *4' Cecdjdcg idjvd xecud peyxepxg dkdbdj xuiwen{gl Peyxepxg ng{d ceyupdndm xexud{u wdmf pdyxgdb kdm xuiwen{gl ndyemd ng{d cecdjdcgmwd kdyg peyxpen{gl peyxamdb wdmf kgiem{un abej lgxgabafg" iukdwd" pdmkdmfdm" peydmdm xaxgdb" kdm necdcpudm nafmg{gl- Cgxdb" xeiudj pex{d kgpdjdcg xeidfdg xexud{u wdmf cemwemdmfndm abej xexeaydmf wdmf ceydxd iaxdm {eyjdkdp dn{g|g{dx bdgmmwd- Necukgdm" ne{gnd ng{d kdm aydmf bdgm {gkdn xepdnd{ cemfemdg xexud{u jdb" cumfngm kgxeidindm dkdmwd peyiekddm pdkd bd{dy iebdndmf xaxgdb" iukdwd" kdm lgxgabafg wdmf cecpemfdyujg peyxepxg ng{d- Abej ndyemdmwd nacumgnd{ay wdmf elen{gl cemwdkdyg idjvd peyxepxg dkdbdj xuiwen{gl kdm {gkdn cemfdmffdp peyxpxgmwd ceyupdndm xexud{u wdmf pdbgmf {epd{-

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*9' Cecdjdcg Pgngydm Aydmf Bdgm Xdbdj xd{u peycdxdbdjdm wdmf pdbgmf ucuc kdbdc nacumgndxg dkdbdj cecdcdjcg pgngydm aydmf bdgm" kg cdmd ng{d ieyuxdjd cecdjdcg dpd wdmf xekdmf kgpgnygdnm kdm kgydxndm aydmf bdgm- Ne{gnd ng{d cecdjdcg pgngydm aydmf bdgm" ng{d {gkdn cemdmwdndm aydmf bdgm dpd wdmf xekdmf kgpgngyndmmwd- Cdbdjdm" ng{d iey{gmkdn xeabdj#abdj cecdjdcg dpd wdmf xekdmf kgpgngyndmmwd" jdb {eyxeiu{ wdmf cemweidindm ng{d cecpeyabej cdxdbdj- Mdcum neidmwdndm" cecidhd pgngydm aydmf bdgm cumfngm beigj ceyufgndm kdygpdkd cecidm{u nacumgndxg*8' Cemhahanndm Peyxepxg Ndyemd peyxepxg g{u xuiwen{gl kdm cecidhd pgngydm aydmf bdgm g{u {gkdn elen{gl" ng{d jdyux cemwexudgndm peyxepxg ng{d kemfdm aydmf bdgmCemwexudgndm peyxepxg ceyupdndm ne{eydcpgbdm nacumgndxg wdmf pem{gmf ndyemd jdb {eyxeiu{ cecidm{u ng{d um{un xdbgmf cecdjdcg xd{u xdcd bdgm kdm juiumfdmmwd- Wdmf pey{dcd um{un cemwexudgndm peyxepxg ng{d jdyux cemweiu{ndm dpd wdmf {ebdj ndcu peyjd{gndm- Nekud cemwexudgndm dpdndj aydmf bdgm ceydxndxm xexud{u wdmf xdcd[eydnjgy" ng{d jdyux cemdwdndm pdkd aydmf bdgm um{un cem fnbdyglgndxgndm idfdgcdmd ceyend cecdjdcg pygbdnu kdm dbdxdmmwd- Ognd aydmf bdgm {gkdn cecgbgng peyxdcddm kemfdm peyxepxg ng{d" cgm{dbdj um{un cemoebdxndm peygbdnu ieykdxdyndm peyxepxg ng{d-

50


Idfg pdyd pecigcigmf *cuyxwgk' wdmf ceydxd iebuc cecgbgng ne{eydcpgbdm ieynacumgndxg" {eykdpd{ ieieydpd jdb wdmf peybu kgpeyjd{gndm" wdg{u xeidfdg ieygnu{? 4- Ne{gnd ieyoucpd xexeaydmf {eyu{dcd kemfdm aydmf wdmf idyu ieyoucpd kdm {dcpdnmwd pecdbu uhdpndm xdbdc" xeidfdg cekgd cemdygn peyjd{gdmmwd9- Ne{gnd ieynemdbdm kemfdm xexeaydmf wdmf pecdbu {dvdyndm um{un ieyodid{ {dmfdm- Xexeaydmf wdmf cdbdx ieyodid{ {dmfdm d{du cemffumdndm {dmfdm pdxbu cex{g ng{d wdmf cemdvdyndm {eybeigj kdjubu8- Ne{gnd iey{ecu xexeaydmf wdmf {eyfdmffu pemfbgjd{dmmwd" peynemdbndm gkem{g{dx ng{d kemfdm aydmf bdgm wdmf dkd kgkend{cu- Ognd aydmf {gkdn kdpd{ cebgjd{cu ieydkd kdbdc nebacpan ieygndm nacem{dy nepdkdmwd kdm cemweiu{ mdcdmwd kdm mdcdcu;- Xebdmou{mwd ng{d igxd cemdvdyndm idm{udm" {dpg {gkdn cecdnxdndm" pdbgmf {gkdn {ebdj cemdvdyndm- Necukgdm {dmwdndm nepdkd aydmf g{u idfdgcdmd ng{d igxd cecidm{umwd d{du cemum{ummwd *fugke'5- Peybdnundm aydmf bdgm xepey{g kgygmwd xemkgygOdmfdm fumdndm pabd aydmf bdgm kdbdc cecpeybdnundm ceyend- Ham{aj> Odmfdm

54


cemffumdndm idjdxd dmdn#dmdn ne{gnd ieyighdyd xehdyd gmkg|gku kemfdm aydmf kevdxd<- Jaycd{g xehdyd pygidkg nepdkd aydmf wdmf {gkdn cdcpu ieynacumgndxg- Aydmf wdmf kukun kg nuyxg yakd xendbgpum" xeodn gd cemodkg idfgdm kdyg aydmf#aydmf *nacumg{dx'" cdnd gd cecpumwdg vgbdwdj pygidkg {eyxemkgyg6- Kemfdyndm kemfdm {enum ne{gnd ieyighdyd kemfdm xexeaydmf wdmf nexubg{dm kdbdc ieyighdyd" odmfdm ceca{amf d{du cemdcidj nd{d#nd{d kemfdm nd{d bdgmmwd- Ieyxdidybdj kdm igdyndm xebexdgOdmfdm ieypuyd#puyd cemfey{g" ognd ndcu {gkdn cecdjdcg- Idjndm cgm{dbdj pemoebdxdm dpd wdmf gmfgm ndcu ne{djug kdm {dwdndm dpd yexpamxmwd:- Ne{gnd ndcu ieyighdyd kemfdm aydmf wdmf kukun kg nuyxg yakd d{du cecdndg {amfnd{ pemapdmf ndng d{du {eyidygmf xdng{- Haid pdmkdmf cd{d ceyend" pdkd id{dx d{dx cd{d ceyendCdnxukmwd" kg kdbdc peyhdndpdm gmg Dmkd odmfdm cecpeyjd{gndm nenuydmfdm ceyend7- Dwumndm {dmfdm kemfdm {epd{ d{du {epun pumkdn aydmf wdmf {ubg xeidfdg hdyd cemdygn peyjd{gdm ceyend kdm ieyighdyd xehdyd beciu{" oebdx kdm cemfdmkumf {endmdm#{endmdm {ey{em{uJdkdpndm cund dmkd nejdkdpdm aydmf g{u dfdy kgd igxd cecidhd feydn igigy" kdm pdx{gndm idjvd cgcgn vdodj ng{d cemwemdmfndm kdm xgcpd{gn-

59


40- Odujndm kgyg ng{d kdyg yanan d{du cdndmdm wdmf xekdmf kgnubuc kg cubu{cu kdm xeidfdgmwd wdmf cecumfngmndm dndm cemffdmffu kdm cemodkg nexdm ceyecejndm aydmf bdgm- Ieyxgndp xdm{dg" odmfdm {dnu{ cemffumdndm pemendmdm nd{d" xepey{g ‒xdcpdg oucpd bdfg" emffdb kdcdmf" xgmf xdidy" kbb–- Odmfdmbdj cebdnundm kdm cemwd{dndm xexud{u wdmf cecumfngmndm dndm {eydxd cemwdng{ndm kdm {gkdn cemwemdmfndmE- Ecpd{g kdbdc IGCIGMFDM GXBDC Xdbdj xd{u ldn{ay wdmf ieypemfdyuj {eyjdkdp elen{g|g{dx nacumgndxg dm{dy pygidkg {eyu{dcd kdbdc pyaxex igcigmfdm Gxbdc * gyxwdk' dkdbdj ldn{ay necdcpudm ieyecpd{g pdyd pecigcigmf *cuyxwgk'Ecpd{g dkdbdj Uxdjd um{un ceydxdndm d{du cecdjdcg dpd wdmf kgydxdndm d{du kgpdjdcg abej pdy{gxgpdm bdgmmwd g{u kgxeiu{ ecpd{g" ndyemd cemuyu{ {eayg [g{hjemey kgnd{dndm idjvd ecpd{g ieydxdb kdyg xecdhdc pemgyudm xehdyd lgxgn d{dx ieidm aydmf bdgm" wdmf necukgdm cemgciubndm peydxddm wdmf xeyupd kdbdc kgyg xexeaydmfNd{d ecpd{g pdydbeb kemfdm nd{d xgcpd{g {e{dpg kgdm{dyd nekudmmwd {eykdpd{ peyiekddm- Igbd xgcpd{g ieydy{g ‒ceydxdndm ieyxdcd– kdm cumfngm cemfdydj pdkd xem{gcem{gb" kdm xgcpd{g gmg kdpd{ kgydxdndm abej aydmf xehdyd bucydj {dmpd gnu{ ceydxdndm dpd pum wdmf kgydxdndm abej aydmf bdgm-

58


Xekdmfndm ecpd{g cemfdhu pdkd nedkddm gkem{glgndxg nepygidkgdm wdmf beigj cemkdbdc nepdkd xexeaydmf" xejgmffd xexeaydmf wdmf ieyecpd{g xexdd{ cebupdndm d{du nejgbdmfdm gkem{g{dx kgygmwd xemkgyg- Idjndm cemuyu{ Yukabpj kdm Nd{jbeem"? ‒Ecpd{jw gx gm{ebbeh{udbbw gkem{glwgmf vg{j ay |ghdygaxbw ezpeygemhgmf {je leebgmfx" {jauf{jx" ay d{{g{ukex al dma{jey–Ecpd{g pdyd pecigcigmf kgpeybundm ndyemd ne{gnd pecigcigmf cecieygndm yexpamx {eyjdkdp {eyigcigmf *cuyxwdk igj' dndm beigj elen{gl igbd kdbdc ceyexpamx ieyuxdjd cecdjdcg d{du ceydxdndm dpd wdmf kgpdjdcg d{du kgydxdndm abej {eyigcigmf *cuyxwdk igj'- Xejgmffd ognd ng{d cebdnundm ecpd{g" ieydy{g ng{d ieyuxdjd cecdjdcg kdm d{du cemfdbdcg dpd wdmf kgpdjdcg kdm d{du kgdbdcg abej aydmf bdgm kdm kdbdc cebdnundm jdb gmg" pdkd ucucmwd ng{d cemfexdcpgmfndm peydxddm" pecgngydm kdm xgndp kgyg ng{d xemkgyg dfdy ng{d kdpd{ cecpeyfumdndm peydxddm" pecgngydm" kdm xgndp aydmf bdgm- Abej ndyemdmwd um{un ieyecpd{g kgiu{ujndm uxdjd beigj neydx dfdy ng{d cdcpu cecdjdcg" ceydxdndm xexud{u wdmf ieydkd kg budy hdnydvdbd ng{d ieykdxdyndm peyxpen{gl ceyend wdmf xekdmf ceydxdndm kdm cemfdbdcgmwdKdbdc gkem{glgndxg gmg pecdjdcdm dm{dy cdmuxgd wdmf xeiemdymwd kdpd{ {eyodkg- Dbkey cemwd{dndm idjvd gkem{glgndxg nepdkd kgyg xexeaydmf

5;


gmg cumhub xdcpdg id{dx#id{dx {ey{em{u kdbdc xe{gdp peyhdndm" idjndm ecpd{g ceyupdndm pyaxex cemkdxdy kdbdc hgm{d- Kdmgeb X{yem *47:6' cemwd{dndm idjvd ieyhgm{d ceyupdndm ceyupdndm {gyudm wdmf pdbgmf cemkend{g kdbdc nejgkupdm aydmf kevdxd d{dx pemwe{dbddm *d{{umecem{' necexyddm dm{dyd idwg kdm giu- Beigj bdmou{ cemuyu{ X{yem" ieyhgm{d ‒cebgid{ndm pemfdbdcdm ceydxd nedkddm xuioen{gl aydmf bdgm? jdxyd{ ieyxdcd" mgd{ wdmf xebdydx" kdm nedkddm xdbgmf cemfum{umfndm kdyg peydmfxdmfdm wdmf ieyfdm{g#fdm{g–" kgcdmd pdxdmfdm wdmf ieyhgm{d xdbgmf cemdmffdpg kdbdc neieyxdcddm wdmf cemgciubndm peydxddm dkdmwd juiumfdm cemkdbdc {dmpd kgxdkdyg–" kdm kdbdc ieyhgm{d iem{un {eyidgnmwd dkdbdj {gmkdndm ecpd{g wdmf xdbgmf cemfum{umfndmKdbdc kumgd igcigmfdm kdm namxebgmf" pdkd kdxdymwd xeaydmf pecigcigmf d{du namxebay ieneyod d{dx kdxdy kdm cebdbug pyaxex ecpd{g" ndyemd kdbdc pyaxex igcigmfdm kdm namxebgmf" idgn namxebay d{du pecigcigmf cdupum namxebg d{du {eyigcigmf kgidvd kdyg kdbdc kgygmwd kdm ieyfdiumf kdbdc nexd{udm pxgngx wdmf xdcd- Ecaxg kdm negmfgmdm nekudmwd cemodkg idfgdm kdyg cdxdbdj#cdxdbdj namxebg d{du {eyigcigmf *cuyxwdk igj' dndm kg{ucpdjndm nepdkd ‒cdmuxgd idyu–" wdg{u cdmuxgd pemffdiumfdm dm{dyd nemxebay d{du pecigcigmf kemfdm namxebg d{du {eyigcigmf kdm kdbdc jdb gmg dkdbdj namxebay

55


d{du pecigcigmf cemdmfffumf xe{emfdjmwdX{digbg{dx pxgnabafgx kdyg neoebdxdm pgngydm" neieydmgdm kdm nenud{dm negmfgmdm wdmf kgcgbgng namxebay dndm cemwuxup ne kdbdc kgyg namxebg" kdm cecieygndm idm{udm wdmf iexdy kdbdc peyoudmfdm nepygidkgdmmwdAbej ndyemdmmwd" kdbdc kumgd igcigmfdm kdm namxebgmf ecpd{g gmg cemodkg pem{gmf" ndyemd pyaxex igcigmfdm kdm namxebgmf xeaydmf pecigcigmf d{du namxebay {gkdn igxd cebdnundm xexud{u jdmwd ieykdxdyndm peyxpen{glmwd kdm cemodfd me{ydbg{dx d{du xeaydmf namxebay {e{dp ieyxgld{ me{ydb {eyjdkdp peydxddm kdm pemfdbdcdm nbgemmwd- Jgmfffd pdkd dxpen#dxpen {ey{em{u idfg xeaydmf namxebay jdyux cdcpu cemecpd{ndm me{ydbg{dx kgygmwd kdm cdcpu ceciekdndm ecpd{g kemfdm me{ydbg{dx" ndyemd ecpd{g ieyiekd kemfdm me{ydbg{dx idjndm me{ydbg{dx ieybdvdmdm kemfdm ecpd{gDxucxgmwd" aydmf hemkeyumf kelemxgl xdd{ nefgd{dm#nefgd{dmmwd ieyxgld{ me{ydb d{du peygbdnu aioen{gl" njuxuxmwd ognd ieyighdyd cemfemdg cdxdbdj# cdxdbdj pygidkg" ndyemd ieykdxdyndm jdxgb pemebg{gdm idjvd xgndp kelemxgl {gciub ne{gnd xeaydmf yexpamkem nebgjd{dm cemdygn kgyg kdm cemodfd odydn *Hg|gnbw- e{-db-" 4766'- Xebdgm g{u kdbdc nacumgndxg" xgndp me{ydb dndm cecieygndm nuydmfmwd pemfjdyfddm kdm cecidvd pdkd gcpbgndxg bdgmmwd" namxenuemxgmwd kdpd{ kg{dlxgyndm xeidfdg

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kgxhaclgycgmf- Me{ydbg{dx oebdx ieyiekd kemfdm ecpd{g ndyemd ecpd{g ceyudpdndm pemefdxdm nepdkd pecgngydm kdm peydxddm ceyend- Xejgmffd kemfdm dkdmwd ecpd{g dndm cevuoukndm nacumgndxg wdmf nacumgnd{gl" cgxdb xdd{ ng{d ieynd{d ‒Xdwd igxd cecdjdcg dpd wdmf ndcu ydxdndm" xepey{gmwd ndcu xumffuj#xumffuj ceydxdndm ne{gkdnmwdcdmdm nedkddmcu"– d{du ‒xdwd {gkdn igxd cemwdbdjndm ndcu wdmf {eybdbu njdvd{gy kemfdm xg{udxg gmg–- Fgii *47<;' kdbdc jdb gmg cecieygndm pemendmdm idjvd ecpd{g {gkdn jdmwd ceceybundm pemfey{gdm" beigj kdyg g{u cebgpu{g pemfgmfd{dm necidbg kdm ceydxd yexpen pdkd xuku{ pdmkdmf aydmf bdgm- Xgld{ yexpen {eyjdkdp aydmf ceyupdndm xexud{u wdmf pem{gmf kdbdc ieynacumgndxg" ndyemd kemfdm yexpen g{u ng{d cecpeybdnundm aydmf xeabdj cecpeybdnundm kgyg xemkgygPdkd kendke dnjgy#dnjgy gmg" pdyd gbcuvdm wdmf cemfndog ecpd{g {ebdj ieyjdxgb cemfgkem{glgndxg {gfd pemkend{dm wdmf ieyiekd wdmf igdxd kgfumdndm aydmf kdbdc cebdnundm ecpd{g" wdg{u? Pey{dcd" ecpd{jgh yexpamxg|emeex- Ecpd{jgh yexpamxg|emeex dndm {eyodkg ognd yexpamx ecaxgamdb wdmf kgdbdcg xexeaydmf xexudg kemfdm kdm ceyupdndm dngid{ kdyg pemfdcd{dm {eyjdkdp kgxpbdw ecaxg wdmf xeiemdymwd d{du wdmf kgdm{gxgpdxg kdyg aydmf bdgm *Ved|ey , Ngy{bew" 4775'-

56


Nekud" peyxpeh{g|e {dngmf- Peyxpeh{g|e {dngmf dkdbdj pyaxex cecidwdmfndm kgyg xemkgyg ieydkd pdkd paxgxg aydmf bdgm *_gbbcdmm" 4774'" gmg ceyupdndm iem{un ecpd{g wdmf pdbgmf xeygmf kgidjdx abej aydmf# aydmf wdmf cecpebdodyg cemfemdg ecpd{gXekdmfndm wdmf ne{gfd dkdbdj xwcpd{je{gh yexpamxg|emeex" wdg{u pyaxex ceydxdndm nepygjd{gmdm" pemwexdbdm" d{du nexekgjdm idfg aydmf bdgm ndyemd xg{udxg d{du ndxux wdmf kgdbdcg abej aydmf bdgmXeidfgdm iexdy pdyd djbg cemweiu{mwd xeidfdg eca{gamdb hamheym*X{gll" Kgbbdyk" Xaceyd" Ngc" , Xbegfj{" 47:0'" xecem{dyd xeidfgdm bdgmmwd cecpeyfumdndm gx{gbdj wdmf beigj ucuc" wdg{u ‒xgcpd{g– *Egxemieyf , Ldiex" 4770'- Pemkend{dm Xwcpd{je{gh yexpamxg|emeex ieyiekd kemfdm kud pemkend{dm bdgmmwd" kdbdc pemkend{dm gmg aydmf wdmf ieyecpd{g xdcd xendbg {gkdn ieyuxdjd um{un cemfdbdcg peydxddm aydmf bdgm- Aydmf nekud *xeiu{ xdod pecigcigmf d{du namxebay' hunup kemfdm cecdjdcg idjvd aydmf wdmf cemfdbdcg neodkgdm {ey{em{u xekdmf xekgj d{du pygjd{gm" {gkdn jdyux ieyuxdjd ceydxdndm ecaxg d{du pemfdbdcdm aydmf bdgm kemfdm hdyd ceydxun pdkd pemfdbdcdm d{du peydxddm aydmf bdgm kemfdm cecidwdmfndm idfdgcdmd peydxddmwd ognd kgd *xeiu{bdj pecigcigmf d{du namxebay' kdbdc xg{udxg wdmf xdcd" cebdgmndm jdmwd ceydxd gnu{ xekgj kdm pygjd{gm d{dx neodkgdm wdmf kgdbdcg abej aydmf bdgm-

5:


Peycdxdbdjdm xebdmou{mwd dkdbdj idfdgcdmd cecidmfum necdcpudm ieyecpd{g 1 Necdcpudm ieydcpd{g dkdbdj necdcpudm um{un cemfe{djug idfdgcdmd peydxddm aydmf bdgm" ndyemd ecpd{g pdkd kdxdymwd kgidmfum ieykdxdyndm nexdkdydm kgyg> xecdngm ng{d {eyiund nepdkd ecaxg kgyg xemkgyg" xecdngm {eydcpgb ng{d cecidhd peydxddm *Oajm Cdwey kdm Cebgxxd Ngynpd{yghn" 477;'- Abej ndyemdmmwd xe{gdp aydmf ieyiekd kdbdc cebdnundm ecpd{g" vdbdupum dkd xeidfgdm aydmf wdmf cecpeyabej necdcpudm gmg xehdyd dbdcgdj xeidfdg dngid{ kdyg nepygidkgdmmwd d{du ndyemd xgndp ne{uyumdmmwd" mdcum xeidfgdm iexdy kg dm{dyd ng{d jdyux kemfdm xemfdod cecpebdodygmwd- Abej ndyemd g{u" dpdigbd aydmf kdbdc jgkupmwd {eyigdxd kdm {uciuj kdbdc iukdwd wdmf ieyaygem{dxg ‒xdwd– d{du efaxem{ygxce d{du xebl hem{yekmexx wdmf cecieyg yudmf jdmwd xekgng{ xdod um{un ieyuxdjd cebgjd{ kumgd budy kdyg xuku{ pdmkdmf aydmf bdgm" necdcpudm ecpd{gmwd cemodkg {gkdn ieynecidmf" ieydngid{mwd kdbdc cebdnundm juiumfdm dm{dy pygidkgmwd cemodkg nuydmf elen{gl- Ndyemd idfg aydmf wdmf ieyaygem{dxg efaxem{ygxce d{du xebl hem{yekmexx nuydmf kdpd{ cecdjdcg peydxddm aydmf bdgm" xekdmfndm necdcpudm cebdnundm juiumfdm dm{dy pygidkg kdm ieyecpd{g ieyidmkgmf {efdn buyux kemfdm necdcpudm um{un cemfe{djug idfdgcdmd peydxddm aydmf bdgm-

57


Numhg um{un cecdjdcg peydxddm aydmf bdgm dkdbdj cdcpu cecidhd pexdm mam|eyidb> mdkd ighdyd" feydn#feygn" enxpyexg vdodj" kdm xeidfdgmwd" ndyemd ieykdxdyndm ygxe{ nacumgndxg 70 peyxem d{du beigj kdyg pexdm ecaxgamdb ieyxgldb mam|ey|db- Yaiey{ Yaxem{djdb" djbg pxgnabafg kdyg Jdy|dyk {ebdj cebdnundm pemebg{gdm cemfemdg necdcpudm aydmf um{un cecidhd pexdm mam|eyidb" kdm Yaxem{djdb {ebdj cemwuxum {ex ecpd{g gmg kemfdm xexud{u wdmf kgxeiu{ PAMX *Pyalgbe al Mam|eyidb Xemxg{g|g{w' d{du Pyalgb Nependdm Mam|eyidb- Ieykdxdyndm jdxgb {exmwd {eyjdkdp beigj kdyg {uouj ygiu aydmf Dceygnd Xeygnd{ xey{d 4: mefdyd#mefdyd bdgmmwd" idjvd aydmf wdmf cdcpu cecidhd peydxddm kdm gxwdyd{ mam|eyidb kgd dndm beigj pdmkdg kdbdc cemwexudgndm kgyg xehdyd ecaxgamdb" beigj papubey" beigj cukdj ieyfdub" kdm ‛ cumfngm {gkdn cemfjeydmndm ‛ beigj pend- Pdkd ucucmwd nduc vdmg{d beigj idgn kdygpdkd pygd kdbdc oemgx ecpd{g oemgx gmgCemuyu{ Yukabpj kdm Nd{jbeem idjvd bdmfndj pey{dcd kdbdc cemgmfnd{ndm necdcpudm ng{d um{un cebdnundm ecpd{g dkdbdj kemfdm cemwekgdndm vdn{u kdm ieyuxdjd cecpeyjd{gndm pecighdyddm aydmf bdgm- Dndm {e{dpg iundm ieydy{g idjvd ng{d ceciu{ujndm juiumfdm pygidkg wdmf cemkdbdc kemfdm aydmf bdgm dfdy ng{d kdpd{ cebdnundm ecpd{g {eyjdkdp ceyend- Cebdgmndm ng{d jdmwd peybu kemfdm heycd{ cecpeyjd{gndm dpd

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<9


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<8


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<6


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<7


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60


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64


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69


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68


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65


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Jurnal Irsyad Edisi I

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