Japanese Vocabulary List 1

Common -i Adjectives Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

大き

おおき

adjectival nouns or quasiadjectives (keiyodoshi)

big; large

高い

たかい

adjective (keiyoushi)

high; tall; expensive

新しい

あたらしい


new

美しい

うつくしい


beautiful; lovely

好い

いい; よい


good; nice; pleasant; fine; excellent; agreeable; ok

細かい

こまかい


small; fine; minute

鋭い

するどい


pointed; sharp

好ましい

このましい


nice; likeable; desirable

見当たらない

みあたらない


not be found

愛しい

いとしい


lovely; dear; beloved; darling

低い

ひくい


short; low; humble; low (voice)

熱い

あつい


hot (thing)

優しい

やさしい


tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable; suave

赤い

あかい


red

愉しい

たのしい


enjoyable; fun

古い

ふるい


old (not person); aged; ancient; antiquated; stale; threadbare; outmoded; obsolete article

素晴らしい

すばらしい


wonderful; splendid; magnificent

早い

はやい


early

痛い

いたい


painful

白い

しろい


white

安い

やすい


cheap; inexpensive; peaceful; quiet; gossipy; thoughtless

面白い

おもしろい


interesting; amusing

遠い

とおい


far; distant

美味しい

おいしい


delicious; tasty

忙しい

いそがしい; せわしい


busy; irritated

詰らない

つまらない


insignificant; boring; trifling

近い

ちかい


near; close by; short

Extra Info

kana alone

kana alone

1

甘い

あまい

adjective (keiyoushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

generous; indulgent; easy-going; sweet; fond of; soft on; overly optimistic; naive

望ましい

のぞましい


desirable; hoped for

面白い

おもしろい


interesting; amusing

怖い

こわい


scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful

丸い

まるい


round; circular; spherical

喜ばしい

よろこばしい


delightful; joyous; happy

恐ろしい

おそろしい


terrible; dreadful

近い

ちかい


near; close by; short

太い

ふとい


fat; thick

薄い

うすい


thin; weak; watery; diluted

生生しい

なまなましい


lively; green; fresh; raw

軟らかい

やわらかい


soft; tender; limp

疑わしい

うたがわしい


doubtful; questionable; uncertain; disputable; suspicious

凝った

こった


elaborate; exquisite; tasty; refined; artistic

黒っぽい

くろっぽい


dark; blackish

手堅い

てがたい


steady; firm; solid; secure

暖い

あたたかい; あったかい


warm; mild; genial

快い

こころよい


pleasant; agreeable

名高い

なだかい


famous; celebrated; well-known

激しい

はげしい


violent; vehement; intense; furious; tempestuous

言うまでもない

いうまでもない

adjective (keiyoushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

it goes without saying; there is no need to say so, but of course; it is needless to say; it need scarcely be said

手痛い

ていたい


severe; hard

深い

ふかい


deep; profound; thick; close

懐かしい

なつかしい


dear; desired; missed

弱い

よわい


weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)

手ごわい

てごわい


difficult; tough; stubborn; redoubtable

小さい

ちいさい


small; little; tiny

真新しい

まあたらしい


brand new

親しい

したしい


intimate; close (e.g., friend)

kana alone

あたたかい

2

辛い

からい


hot (spicy); salty; tough (on someone); adverse; harsh

正しい

ただしい


right; just; correct; righteous; honest; truthful; proper; straightforward; perfect

惜しまない

おしまない


without sparing (effort, funds, etc.)

薄暗い

うすぐらい


dim; gloomy

何気無い

なにげない


casual; unconcerned

似合わしい

にあわしい


well-matched; suitable; becoming

手厚い

てあつい


courteous

重い

おもい


heavy; massive; serious; important; severe; oppressed

碧い

あおい


blue; pale; green; unripe; inexperienced

短かい

みじかい


short

痛ましい

いたましい


pitiful; heartbreaking

四角い

しかくい


square

醜い

みにくい


ugly

八本

はちほん; はっぽん


eight (long cylindrical things)

湿っぽい

しめっぽい


damp; gloomy

小高い

こだかい


slightly elevated

目まぐるしい

めまぐるしい


hectic; bewildering; bustling; dizzy

芳しい

かんばしい; こうばしい


sweet; fragrant; aromatic; savory; savoury

口惜しい

くちおしい; くやしい


regrettable; mortifying; vexing

貴い

とうとい; たっとい


precious; valuable; priceless; noble; exalted; sacred

程遠い

ほどとおい


far off or away

Common na Adjectives Kanji Reading

安全

Kana Reading あんぜん

Part of Speech adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Meaning

Extra Info

safety; security

3

可能

かのう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

possible; practicable; feasible

具体的

ぐたいてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)

concrete; tangible; definite

最高

さいこう


highest; supreme; the most

自然

しぜん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

nature; spontaneous

自由

じゆう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

freedom; liberty; as it pleases you

重要

じゅうよう


important; momentous; essential; principal; major

新た

あらた


new; fresh; novel

積極的

せっきょくてき


positive; active; proactive

大幅

おおはば


full width; large scale; drastic

特別

とくべつ


special

反対

はんたい

opposition; resistance; antagonism; adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun hostility; contrast; objection; (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes dissension; reverse; opposite; vice the aux. verb suru versa

必用

ひつよう


necessary; essential; indispensable

不況

ふきょう


recession; depression; slump

平和

へいわ


peace; harmony

明らか

あきらか


obvious; evident; clear; plain

安定

あんてい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes stability; equilibrium the aux. verb suru

確実

かくじつ


certainty; reliability; soundness

簡短

かんたん


simple

危険

きけん


danger; peril; hazard

共通

きょうつう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun commonness; community (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

緊急

きんきゅう


urgent; pressing; emergency

健康

けんこう


health; sound; wholesome

公式

こうしき


formula; formality; official

国際的

こくさいてき


international

主要

しゅよう


chief; main; principal; major

4

充分

じゅうぶん

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

plenty; enough; sufficient; satisfactory; adequate; division into ten; perfect; thorough; fully; in full

深刻

しんこく


serious

正式

せいしき


due form; official; formality

正常

せいじょう


normalcy; normality; normal

大切

たいせつ


important; valuable; worthy of care

大変

たいへん


serious; grave; dreadful; terrible; immense; enormous; difficult; hard

直接

ちょくせつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

direct; immediate; personal; firsthand

同様

どうよう


identical; equal to; same (kind); like

独自

どくじ


original; peculiar; characteristic

独立

どくりつ

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun independence (e.g., Ind. Day); self(common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes support the aux. verb suru

非常

ひじょう


emergency; extraordinary; unusual

不安

ふあん


anxiety; uneasiness; insecurity; suspense

不足

ふそく

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun insufficiency; shortage; deficiency; (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes lack; dearth the aux. verb suru

不満

ふまん


dissatisfaction; displeasure; discontent; complaints; unhappiness; disgruntled

不明

ふめい


unknown; obscure; indistinct; uncertain; ambiguous; ignorant; lack of wisdom; anonymous; unidentified

普通

ふつう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

generally; ordinarily; usually; train that stops at every station

豊か

ゆたか


abundant; wealthy; plentiful; rich

本当

ほんとう; ほんと


truth; reality

名誉

めいよ


honor; honour; credit; prestige

明確

めいかく


clear up; clarify; define

有効

ゆうこう


validity; availability; effectiveness

有力

ゆうりょく


influence; prominence; potent

確か

たしか

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

certain; sure; definite; if I'm not mistaken; if I remember correctly

活溌

かっぱつ


vigor; vigour; active; lively

5

基本的

きほんてき


fundamental; standard; basic

急

きゅう


urgent; sudden; steep

急速

きゅうそく


rapid (e.g., progress)

現金

げんきん


cash; ready money; mercenary; self-interested

公的

こうてき


public; official

公明

こうめい


fairness; justice

好調

こうちょう


favourable; favorable; promising; satisfactory; in good shape

合同

ごうどう


combination; incorporation; union; amalgamation; fusion; congruence

最低

さいてい


least; lowest; worst; nasty; disgusting; horrible; yuck!

残念

ざんねん


deplorable; bad luck; regret; disappointment

重大

じゅうだい


serious; important; grave; weighty

政治的

せいじてき


political

相当

そうとう


suitable; fair; tolerable; proper; extremely

多様

たよう


diversity; variety

大規模

だいきぼ


large-scale

大形

おおがた

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

large; large scale; big; jumbo

大量

たいりょう


large quantity

当然

とうぜん


naturally; as a matter of course

特定

とくてい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes specific; special; particular the aux. verb suru

微妙

びみょう


delicate; subtle; sensitive; difficult; delicate (situation); complicated; doubtful; questionable; dicey

複雑

ふくざつ


complexity; complication

本格的

ほんかくてき


full-blown; regular; genuine; earnest; normal; typical; fundamental; real

味

あじ


flavor; flavour; taste

有名

ゆうめい


fame

最終的

さいしゅうてき


finally

圧倒的

あっとうてき

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun

overwhelming

6

(common) (futsuumeishi)

意外

いがい


unexpected; surprising

異例

いれい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

exception; illness; singular; exceptional; unprecedented

遺伝子

いでんし


gene; genetic

楽しみ

たのしみ


enjoyment; pleasure

完全

かんぜん


perfection; completeness

貴重

きちょう


precious; valuable

巨額

きょがく


great sum

巨大

きょだい


huge; gigantic; enormous

強硬

きょうこう


firm; vigorous; unbending; unyielding; strong; stubborn

強力

きょうりょく


powerful; strong

高級

こうきゅう


high class; high grade

骨

ほね


bone

困難

こんなん


difficulty; distress

自動

じどう


automatic; self-motion

実質的

じっしつてき


substantially

柔軟

じゅうなん


flexible; lithe

順調

じゅんちょう


favourable; favorable; doing well; O.K.; all right

症

しょう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun, used as a suffix

illness

心配

しんぱい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes worry; concern; anxiety; care the aux. verb suru

世界的

せかいてき


global; international; world-famous

真面

まとも


the front; honesty; uprightness; direct

絶対

ぜったい

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

absolute; unconditional; absoluteness

全面的

ぜんめんてき


all-out; general; over-all; complete; extensive; full-scale

大き

おおき


big; large

kana alone

kana alone

7

Common Godan Verbs Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Meaning

言う

いう; ゆう

to say

行なう

おこなう

to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out

使わす

つかわす

to send; to dispatch; to despatch

呼ぶ

よぶ

to call out; to invite

使う

つかう

to use; to handle; to manipulate; to employ; to need; to want; to spend; to consume; to speak (English); to practise (fencing); to practice (fencing); to take (one's lunch); to circulate (bad money)

知る

しる

to know; to understand; to be acquainted with; to feel

訪う

とう

to ask; to question; to inquire; to charge (i.e. with a crime); to accuse; to care (about); without regard to (with negative verb)

択ぶ

えらぶ

to choose; to select

想う

おもう

to think; to feel

出す

だす

to take out; to get out; to put out; to submit (e.g., thesis); to turn in; to publish; to make public; to send (e.g., letter); to start (fire)

迫る

せまる

to draw near; to press

変る

かわる

to change; to be transformed; to vary; to be revised; to be different; to move location

優る

まさる

to excel; to surpass; to outrival

許す

ゆるす

to permit; to allow; to approve; to exempt (from fine); to excuse (from); to confide in; to forgive; to pardon; to excuse; to release; to let off

盛り込む

もりこむ

to incorporate; to include

聞かす

きかす

to inform about; to read to; to sing for

造る

つくる

to make; to create; to manufacture; to draw up; to write; to compose; to build; to coin; to cultivate; to organize; to organise; to establish; to make up (a face); to trim (a tree); to fabricate; to prepare (food); to commit (sin); to construct

遺す

のこす

to leave (behind, over); to bequeath; to save; to reserve

限る

かぎる

to restrict; to limit; to confine

在る

ある

to live; to be

示す

しめす

to denote; to show; to point out; to indicate

贈る

おくる

to send; to give to; to award to; to confer on

奪う

うばう

to snatch away; to dispossess

追い込む

おいこむ

to herd; to corner; to drive

追う

おう

to chase; to run after

運ぶ

はこぶ

to transport

欠かす

かかす

to miss (doing); to fail (to do)

Extra Info

transitive verb

kana alone (irregular verb)

8

殺す

ころす

to kill

失う

うしなう

to lose; to part with

取る

とる

to take; to pick up; to harvest; to e; arn; to choose

送る

おくる

to send (a thing); to dispatch; to despatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to spend a period of time; to live a life

打つ

うつ; ぶつ

to hit; to strike

抛る

ほうる

to let go; to abandon; to leave undone; to throw; to toss; to fling

包む

くるむ; つつむ

to wrap up; to tuck in; to pack; to do up; to cover with; to dress in; to conceal; to hide; to be engulfed in; to be enveloped by

囲む

かこむ

to surround; to encircle

巻込む

まきこむ

to roll up; to involve; to enfold; to swallow up; to drag into

持ち込む

もちこむ

to lodge; to take something into ..; to bring in

襲う

おそう

to attack

生る

なる

to bear fruit

押す

おす

to push; to press; to stamp (i.e. a passport)

結ぶ

むすぶ

to tie; to bind; to link

見込む

みこむ

to anticipate; to estimate

見送る

みおくる

to see off; to farewell; to escort; to let pass; to wait and see; to let a pitch go by (baseball); to watch a batted ball go into the stands

見舞う

みまう

to ask after (health); to visit

高まる

たかまる

to rise; to swell; to be promoted

合う

あう

to fit; to suit; to agree with; to match; to be ; correct; to be profitable

支払う

しはらう

to pay

持つ

もつ

to hold; to carry; to possess

相次ぐ

あいつぐ

to follow in succession

売る

うる

to sell

頼む

たのむ

to request; to beg; to ask

流す

ながす

to drain; to float; to shed (blood, tears); to cruise (e.g., taxi)

及ぶ

およぶ

to reach; to come up to; to amount to; to befall; to happen to; to extend; to match; to equal

繰り返す

くりかえす

to repeat; to do something over again

語らう

かたらう

to talk; to tell; to recite; to pledge; to conspire with

語る

かたる

to talk; to tell; to recite

守る

まもる

to protect; to obey; to guard; to abide (by the rules)

transitive verb

9

盗む

ぬすむ

to steal

黙る

だまる

to be silent

記す

しるす

to note; to write down

言い渡す

いいわたす

to announce; to tell; to sentence; to order

走る

はしる

to run

断わる

ことわる

to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)

買う

かう

to buy

物語る

ものがたる

to tell; to indicate

誘う

さそう

to invite; to call out

殴る

なぐる

to strike; to hit

切らす

きらす

to be out of; to run out of; to be short of; to be out of stock

切る

きる

to cut; to chop; to hash; to carve; to saw; to clip; to shear; to slice; to strip; to fell; to cut down; to punch; to sever (connections); to pause; to break off; to disconnect; to turn off; to hang up; to cross (a street); to discount; to sell below cost

争う

あらそう

to dispute; to argue; to be at variance; to compete

打ち出す

うちだす

to begin; to beat; to end; to close; to set out (forth); to work out; to hammer out

渡す

わたす

to pass over; to hand over

募る

つのる

to invite; to solicit help, participation, etc.

満たす

みたす

to fill (e.g., a cup); to satisfy; to ingratiate; to fulfill

話し合う

はなしあう

to discuss; to talk together

掩う

おおう

to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise

終わる

おわる

to finish; to close

見つかる

みつかる

to be found; to be discovered

辞す

じす

to resign; to leave post

相手取る

あいてどる

to take on an opponent; to challenge

隠す

かくす

to hide; to conceal

競る

せる

to compete; to bid; to sell at auction

叫ぶ

さけぶ

to shout; to cry

撃つ

うつ

to attack; to defeat; to destroy

見直す

みなおす

to look again; to get a better opinion of

持ち越す

もちこす

to carry over; to carry forward; to keep (for later); to defer

受取る

うけとる

to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand

kana alone

10

飾る

かざる

to decorate; to ornament; to adorn

親しむ

したしむ

to be intimate with; to befriend

組み込む

くみこむ

to insert; to include; to cut in (printing)

読む

よむ

to read

悩ます

なやます

to afflict; to torment; to harass; to molest

縛る

しばる

to tie; to bind

飛び出す

とびだす

to jump out; to rush out; to fly out; to appear suddenly; to protrude; to project

望む

のぞむ

to desire; to wish for; to see; to command (a view of)

落ち込む

おちこむ

to fall into; to feel down (sad)

生かす

いかす

to revive; to resuscitate; to make use of

絞る

しぼる

to press; to wring; to squeeze

謀る

はかる; たばか to plot; to attempt; to plan; to take in; to deceive; to devise; to design; to refer A to B る

競り合う

せりあう

to struggle for; to compete with; to vie with

Common Ichidan Verbs Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Meaning

較べる

くらべる

to compare; to calibrate

挙げる

あげる

to raise; to fly; to give (an example)

活きる

いきる

to live; to exist

抑える

おさえる

to check; to curb; to suppress; to control; to arrest

分ける

わける

to divide; to separate; to make distinctions; to differentiate (between)

離れる

はなれる

to be separated from; to leave; to go away; to be a long way off

応じる

おうじる

to respond; to satisfy; to accept; to comply with; to apply for

努める

つとめる

to serve; to fill a post; to serve under; to work (for); to exert oneself; to endeavor; to endeavour; to be diligent; to play (the part of)

控える

ひかえる

to draw in; to hold back; to make notes; to be temperate in

終える

おえる

to finish

訪ねる

たずねる

to visit

追いかける

おいかける; おっかける

to chase or run after someone; to run down; to pursue

応える

こたえる

to respond; to answer; to strike home; to take its toll; to reward

下げる

さげる

to hang; to lower; to move back; to wear; to dismiss; to grant

Extra Info

11

掲げる

かかげる

to publish; to print; to carry (an article); to put up; to hang out; to hoist; to fly (a sail); to float (a flag)

受け止める

うけとめる

to catch; to stop the blow; to react to; to take

集める

あつめる

to collect; to assemble

低める

ひくめる

to lower; to be lowered

広げる

ひろげる

to spread; to extend; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; to broaden; to unfold; to open; to unroll

合わせる

あわせる

to join together; to be opposite; to face; to unite; to combine; to connect; to add up; to mix; to match; to overlap; to compare; to check with

受入れる

うけいれる

to accept; to receive

崩れる

くずれる

to collapse; to crumble

抱える

かかえる

to hold or carry under or in the arms

押さえる

おさえる

to stop; to restrain; to seize; to repress; to suppress; to press down

感じる

かんじる

to feel; to sense; to experience

寄せる

よせる

to come near; to let someone approach; to collect; to gather; to add; to put aside

強める

つよめる

to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise

備える

そなえる

to furnish; to provide for; to equip; to install; to have ready; to prepare for; to possess; to have; to be endowed with; to be armed with

堅める

かためる

to harden; to freeze; to fortify

攻める

せめる

to attack; to assault

重ねる

かさねる

to pile up; to put something on another; to heap up; to add; to repeat

埋める

うめる

to bury; to fill up (e.g., audience fills a hall); to fill (a seat, a vacant position); to plug gaps; to stop a gap; to make amends; to cover up for something; to put cold water in a bath

浴びる

あびる

to bathe; to bask in the sun; to shower

打ち留める

うちとめる

to kill; to slay; to shoot to death; to bring down (bird)

考える

かんがえる

to consider; to think about

高める

たかめる

to raise; to lift; to boost

倒れる

たおれる

to collapse; to break down; to go bankrupt; to fall; to drop; to die; to succumb to; to fall senseless; to be ruined; to have a bad debt

当てる

あてる

to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g., patch); to allot; to call on someone (e.g.; , in class); to guess (an answer); to make a hit (e.g., in a lottery)

落る

おちる

to fall down; to drop; to fail (e.g., exam); to crash; to degenerate; to degrade

降りる

おりる

to alight (e.g., from bus); to get off; to descend (e.g., a mountain)

速める

はやめる

to hasten; to quicken; to expedite; to precipitate; to accelerate

分かれる

わかれる

to branch off; to diverge from; to fork; to split; to dispense; to scatter; to divide into

transitive verb

transitive verb

12

検める

あらためる

to change; to alter; to reform; to revise

怺える

こらえる; こたえる; たえる

to bear; to stand; to endure; to put up with; to support; to withstand; to resist; to brave; to be fit for; to be equal to

深める

ふかめる

to deepen; to heighten; to intensify

超える

こえる

to exceed; to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of)

載せる

のせる

to place on (something); to take on board; to give a ride; to let (one) take part; to impose on; to record; to mention; to load (luggage); to publish; to run (an ad)

出る

でる

to appear; to come forth; to leave

転じる

てんじる

to turn; to shift; to alter; to distract

暮れる

くれる

to get dark; to end; to come to an end; to close; to run out

脹れる

ふくれる

to get cross; to get sulky; to swell (out); to expand; to be inflated; to distend; to bulge

凝める

みつめる

to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on

取りまとめる

とりまとめる

to collect; to arrange; to settle

借りる

かりる

to borrow; to have a loan; to hire; to rent; to buy on credit

着る

きる

to wear; to put on (from shoulders down)

預け入れる

あずけいれる

to make a deposit

経る

へる

to pass; to elapse; to experience

見る

みる

to see; to watch; (as an auxiliary verb) to try

漬ける

つける

to soak; to moisten; to pickle

位置付ける

いちづける; いちずける

to place (in relation to the whole); to rank; to position; to locate

煮る

にる

to boil; to cook

transitive verb

出来る

できる

to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at; to be permitted (to do); to become intimate; to take up (with somebody); to grow; to be raised

kana alone

寝る

ねる

to go to bed; to lie down; to sleep

定める

さだめる

to decide; to establish; to determine

逃げる

にげる

to escape; to run away

併せる

あわせる

to unite; to put together

恐れる

おそれる

to fear; to be afraid of

引き揚げる

ひきあげる

to withdraw; to leave; to pull out; to retire

引下げる

ひきさげる

to pull down; to lower; to reduce; to withdraw

洗い上げる

あらいあげる

to finish washing; to wash well; to investigate thoroughly

transitive verb

kana alone

13

見える

みえる

to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to appear

見極める

みきわめる

to see through; to probe; to make sure of

呼び掛ける

よびかける

to call out to; to accost; to address (crowd); to appeal

交える

まじえる

to mix; to converse with; to cross (swords)

受ける

うける

to undertake; to accept; to take (lesson, test, damage); to undergo; to experience; to catch (e.g., a ball); to become popular

出迎える

でむかえる

to meet; to greet

燃える

もえる

to burn

問い合わせる

といあわせる

to enquire; to inquire; to seek information

連れる

つれる

to lead; to take (a person)

驚かされる

おどろかされる

to be surprised

苦しめる

くるしめる

to torment; to harass; to inflict pain

慌てる

あわてる

to become confused (disconcerted, disorganized, disorganised)

始める

はじめる

to start; to begin

唱える

となえる

to recite; to chant; to call upon

乗り越える

のりこえる

to climb over; to ride across; to surmount

申し上げる

もうしあげる

to say; to tell; to state

数える

かぞえる

to count

先駆ける

さきがける

to be the first

告げる

つげる

to inform

強いる

しいる

to force; to compel; to coerce

禁じる

きんじる

to prohibit

薄れる

うすれる

to fade; to become dim

乱れる

みだれる

to get confused; to be disordered; to be disturbed

行き過ぎる

いきすぎる

to go too far; to go to extremes

待たせる

またせる

to keep (a person) waiting

据える

すえる

to set (table); to lay (foundation); to place (gun); to apply (moxa)

待ち受ける

まちうける

to await; to expect

塗り替える

ぬりかえる

to repaint

投じる

とうじる

to throw; to cast; to invest

transitive verb

14

Common Suru Verbs Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

本格化

ほんかくか

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

regularization; regularisation; getting up speed; proceeding at full tilt

接する

せっする

suru verb - special class

to come in contact with; to touch; to connect (with); to attend (to); to receive (visitors)

要する

ようする


to demand; to require; to take

逆転勝ち

ぎゃくてんがち


winning after defeat seems certain; coming from behind to win

愛する

あいする


to love

嘱する

ぞくする


to belong to; to come under; to be affiliated with; to be subject to

制する

せいする


to control; to command; to get the better of

課する

かする


to impose

即する

そくする


to conform to; to agree with; to be adapted to; to be based on

達する

たっする


to reach; to get to

擁する

ようする


to have; to possess

決する

けっする


to decide; to determine

徹する

てっする


to sink in; to penetrate; to devote oneself; to believe in; to go through; to do intently and exclusively

資する

しする


to contribute; to finance

喫する

きっする


to take; to drink; to suffer (e.g., defeat); to receive a blow

出どころ

しゅっしょ; でどころ; でどこ

noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru; noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

birthplace; origin; source; authority; release (discharge) from prison; exit; point of departure; time to take action

揺する

ゆする; ゆる

Godan verb with 'ru' ending; noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing

欲する

ほっする


to want; to desire

称する

しょうする


to take the name of; to call oneself; to pretend; to feign; to purport

表する

ひょうする


to express; to show

脱する

だっする


to escape from; to get out

発する

はっする


to fire (a gun); to emit; to gi; ve forth

題する

だいする


to be titled (e.g., a book); to be named

科する

かする


to inflict; to impose (a fine, etc.)

反する

はんする


to be inconsistent with; to oppose; to contradict; to transgress; to rebel

罰する

ばっする


to punish; to penalize; to penalise

15

有する

ゆうする


to own; to be endowed with

熱する

ねっする


to heat

液状化

えきじょうか


liquefaction; liquefy

会する

かいする


to meet; to assemble; to mediate

処する

しょする


to manage; to deal with; to cope with

化する

かする


to change into; to convert into; to transform; to be reduced; to influence; to improve (someone)

画する

かくする


to draw; to demarcate; to mark; to divide; to map out

価する

あたいする


to be worth; to deserve; to merit

害する

がいする


to injure; to damage; to harm; to kill; to hinder

察する

さっする


to guess; to sense; to presume; to judge; to sympathize with; to sympathise with

類する

るいする


to be similar to

面する

めんする


to face on; to look out on to

介する

かいする


to worry; to mind; to care

屈する

くっする


to yield; to bend; to be daunted; to shrink

対する

たいする


to face; to confront; to oppose

逸する

いっする


to lose (a chance); to miss ; (a chance); to deviate; to forget

適する

てきする


to fit; to suit

解する

かいする


to interpret; to understand; to appreciate

恋する

こいする


to fall in love with; to love

比する

ひする


to compare

関する

かんする


to concern; to be related

入交

いりまじり


mixing with; being mixed

留飲

りゅういん


gloating; satisfaction

失する

しっする


to lose; to miss; to forget; to be excessive

際する

さいする


to arrive; to come to pass

服する

ふくする


to be subject to; to submit to; to obey; to abide by; to serve, e.g., in the army, or a sentence in jail (gaol); to observe, e.g., mourning

薫蒸

くんじょう


fumigation; smoking

Essentials: Time and Date

16

Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

月曜日

げつようび

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Monday

火曜日

かようび


Tuesday

水曜日

すいようび


Wednesday

木曜日

もくようび


Thursday

金曜日

きんようび


Friday

土曜日

どようび


Saturday

日曜日

にちようび


Sunday

平日

へいじつ


weekday; ordinary days

週末

しゅうまつ


weekend

一月

いちがつ

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi)

January

二月

にがつ


February

三月

さんがつ


March

四月

しがつ


April

五月

ごがつ


May

六月

ろくがつ


June

八月

はちがつ


August

九月

くがつ


September

十月

じゅうがつ


October

十一月

じゅういちがつ


November

十二月

じゅうにがつ


December

週

しゅう

noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

week

一週間

いっしゅうかん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

one week

今週

こんしゅう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

this week

先週

せんしゅう


last week; the week before

毎週

まいしゅう


every week

来週

らいしゅう


next week

週間

しゅうかん


week; weekly

Extra Info

17

今日

きょう; こんにち

noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

today; this day

本日

ほんじつ


today

一昨日

いっさくじつ; おとつい; おととい


day before yesterday

昨日

きのう; さくじつ


yesterday

明日

あした; あす; みょうにち


tomorrow

明後日

あさって; みょうごにち


day after tomorrow

今朝

けさ; こんちょ; う


this morning

朝

あさ


morning

毎朝

まいあさ; まいちょう


every morning

午后

ごご


afternoon; p.m.; pm

毎日

まいにち


every day

一時

いちじ; いっとき


one hour; 1 o'clock; short time; once; a time; temporarily; at one time;

午前

ごぜん


morning; a.m.

夜

よる


evening; night

夕

ゆう

adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun, used as a suffix; noun (temporal) (jisoumeishi)

evening

夕方

ゆうがた


evening

晩

ばん


evening

夜中

よなか


midnight; dead of night

今夜

こんや


this evening; tonight

前夜

ぜんや


last night; the previous night

明夜

みょうや


tomorrow night

時間

じかん


time

昨年

さくねん


last year

来年

らいねん


next year

今年

ことし; こんねん


this year

年間

ねんかん


year

18

一年間

いちねんかん


(period of) one year

時

とき


time; hour; occasion; moment

時半

じはん


about an hour; short time

昼

ひる


noon; daytime

正午

しょうご


noon; mid-day

零時

れいじ


12 o'clock (midnight)

深夜

しんや


late at night

何時

なんじ


what time?

春

はる


spring

冬

ふゆ


winter

秋

あき


autumn; fall

夏

なつ


summer

夏休み

なつやすみ


summer vacation; summer holiday

休日

きゅうじつ


holiday; day off

前年

ぜんねん


the preceding year; last year

去年

きょねん; こぞ


last year

再来年

さらいねん


year after next

kana alone

Essentials: Directions, Amounts, and Degrees Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

北

きた


North

東

ひがし


east

南

みなみ

noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

South; proceeding south

西

にし


west

北西

ほくせい


northwest

北東

きたひがし; ほくとう


northeast

南西

なんせい; みなみにし


southwest

Extra Info

19

左

ひだり


left hand side

右

みぎ


right hand side; above; afore-mentioned; foregoing; forgoing

前

まえ


before; in front; fore part; ago; previously; head (of a line); in the presence of; lady (so-and-so); (five minutes) to; helping; portion

後

あと

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

after; behind; later; rear; remainder; successor

後

うしろ


back; behind; rear

上

うえ

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

above; over; on top of; up; upper part; summit; surface; far better; higher; (in) authority; as far as .. is concerned; besides; after; emperor; sovereign; upon (examination); influence of (liquor); lord; shogun; superior; my dear (father)

下

した


under; below; beneath

隣

となり


next to; next door to

表

おもて


surface; front; right side; face; exterior; outside; the street; mat covers; head (of a coin); first half (of an innings)

真っ直ぐ

ますぐ; まっすぐ


straight (ahead); direct; upright; erect; honest; frank

少し

すこし

adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

small quantity; little; few; something; little while; short distance

沢山

たくさん


many; a lot; much

kana alone

可也

かなり

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi)

considerably; fairly; quite

kana alone

迚も

とても; とっても

adverb (fukushi)

very; awfully; exceedingly

kana alone

余り

あまり; あんまり

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

not very (this form only used as adverb); not much; remainder; rest; remnant; surplus; balance; excess; remains; scraps; residue; fullness; other; too much

kana alone

全然

ぜんぜん

adverb (fukushi)

wholly; entirely; completely; not at all (with neg. verb)

許り

ばかり; ばっかり

approximately; just; only; merely; nothing but

普通

ふつう

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverb (fukushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

随分

ずいぶん


extremely

偶に

たまに

adverb (fukushi)

occasionally; once in a while

大抵

たいてい


usually; generally

大変

たいへん


serious; grave; dreadful; terrible; immense; enormous; difficult; hard

generally; ordinarily; usually; train that stops at every station

うしろ

おもて

kana alone

20

多分

たぶん


perhaps; probably

度度

たびたび

adverb (fukushi)

often; repeatedly; frequently

中中

なかなか

adverb (fukushi)

very; considerably; easily; readily; fairly; quite; highly; rather; by no means (with negative verb)

皆

みな; みんな


all; everyone; everybody

全部

ぜんぶ


all; entire; whole; altogether

凡て

すべて

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

all; the whole; entirely; in general; wholly

kana alone

Essentials: Who, What, When, Where Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

Extra Info

誰

だれ


who

kana alone

何

なに; なん

interjection (kandoushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

what

なに

何時

いつ


when; how soon

kana alone

何処

どこ; いずく; いずこ; どこいら


where; what place

kana alone どこ

誰でも

だれでも

conjunction

anyone; anybody; whoever

kana alone

何でも

なんでも

adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

by all means; everything

何処でも

どこでも


anywhere

どうした

pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi)

what's the matter?; what's wron; g?

何で

なんで

adverb (fukushi)

Why?; What for?

如何して

どうして

adverb (fukushi); interjection (kandoushi)

why?; for what reason; how; in kana what way; for what purpose; what alone for

何時まで

いつまで

adverb (fukushi)

how long?; till when?

何時頃

いつごろ


about when; how soon

何の位

どのくらい


how long; how far; how much

何時から

いつから

Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

since when; how long

今

いま


now; the present time; just now; soon; immediately; (one) more

今迄

いままで

adverb (fukushi)

until now; so far; up to the present

今に

いまに

adverb (fukushi)

before long; even now

kana alone

kana alone

kana alone

21

此処

ここ


here; this place

kana alone

惟

これ

interjection (kandoushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

this

kana alone

其れ

それ


it; that

kana alone

あれ

interjection (kandoushi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

that; that thing; genitals; menses

あっち


over there

彼の

あの


that over there

kana alone

其方

そちら


over there; the other

kana alone

其の

その


the; that

kana alone

此の

この

pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi); interjection (kandoushi)

this

kana alone

何方

どなた


who?

あの人

あのひと


he; she; that person

彼

かれ


he; boyfriend

彼女

かのじょ


she; girl friend; sweetheart

何か

なにか

Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

something

何も

なにも

adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)

nothing

何度

なんど


how many times?; how often?

何とか

なんとか

adverb (fukushi); Expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

somehow; anyhow; one way or another

どんな

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi); pre-noun adjectival (rentaishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

what; what kind of

誰か

だれか


someone; somebody

kana alone

誰も

だれも

conjunction

everyone; anyone; no-one (with neg. verb)

kana alone

其処

そこ


that place; there

kana alone

くらい; ぐらい

頃

けい; ころ; ごろ

approximately adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

time; about; toward; approximately (time)

kana alone

Shapes & Colors Kanji Reading

色

Kana Reading いろ

Part of Speech noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

Meaning colour; color; sensuality; lust

22

赤い

あかい


red

青

あお


blue; green; green light

白

しろ


white

黒

くろ


black; dark

水色

みずいろ


light blue

茶色

ちゃいろ


light brown; tawny

灰色

はいいろ


grey; gray; ashen

緑色

みどりいろ; りょくしょく


green

黄色

adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives きいろ; こうしょく; (keiyodoshi); noun (common) おうしょく (futsuumeishi)

yellow

紫

むらさき


purple colour; purple color; violet; type of soy sauce

ピンク

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

pink

銀色

ぎんいろ


silver (color, colour)

鼠

ねずみ; ねず


mouse; rat; dark gray; dark grey; slate (color, colour)

無色

むしょく


colourless; colorless; achromatic

橙色

だいだいいろ


orange-colored; orange-coloured

形

かたち


form; shape; figure; type

方形

ほうけい


square

長方形

ちょうほうけい


rectangle; oblong

三角形

さんかくけい; さんかっけい

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi)

triangle

三角

さんかく


triangle; triangular

四角い

しかくい


square

長四角

ながしかく


rectangle

丸い

まるい


round; circular; spherical

立方体

りっぽうたい


cube

線

せん

noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

line (also telephone, railway); wire; beam

球

きゅう; たま


globe; sphere; ball

多辺形

たへんけい


polygon

五辺形

ごへんけい


pentagon

23

八辺形

はちへんけい


octagon

無定形

むていけい


amorphous; shapeless

左側

さそく; ひだりがわ


left; left (hand) side

右側

うそく; みぎがわ


right side; right hand

上

うえ

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; adverbial noun (fukushitekimeishi); noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun, used as a suffix

above; over; on top of; up; upper part; summit; surface; far better; higher; (in) authority; as far as .. is concerned; besides; after; emperor; sovereign; upon (examination); influence of (liquor); lord; shogun; superior; my dear (father)

下

した


under; below; beneath

角

かど


corner (e.g., desk, pavement); edge

曲線

きょくせん


curve

湾曲

わんきょく


curve

Talking About Family Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Part of Speech

Meaning

父

ちち


father (familiar)

お父さん

おとうさん


father

母

はは


mother (familiar)

母親

ははおや


mother

お母さん

おかあさん


mother

父親

ちちおや


father

父母

ふぼ; ちちはは


father and mother; parents

弟

おと; おとうと; おとと


younger brother

兄

あに


older brother

弟さん

おとうとさん


younger brother

兄さん

にいさん


older brother

兄弟

きょうだい


siblings

妹

いもうと


younger sister

姉

あね


older sister

妹さん

いもうとさん


younger sister

姉さん

ねえさん


elder sister; waitress; girl

Extra Info

いもうとさん

24

叔父

おじ; しゅくふ


uncle (younger than one's parent)

伯父

おじ; はくふ


uncle (older than one's parent)

叔母

おば; しゅくぼ


aunt (younger than one's parent)

伯母

おば; はくぼ


aunt (older than one's parent)

祖母

そぼ


grandmother

お婆さん

おばあさん


grandmother; female seniorcitizen

祖父

そふ


grandfather

お爺さん

おじいさん


grandfather; male seniorcitizen

叔父さん

おじさん


middle-aged gentleman; uncle

kana alone

小母さん

おばさん


aunt; middle-aged lady; woman; ma'am

kana alone

娘

むすめ


daughter

御嬢さん

おじょうさん


daughter; young lady

長男

ちょうなん


eldest son

息子

むすこ


son

妻

つま


wife

夫人

ふじん


wife; Mrs; madam

お子さん

おこさん


(someone else's) child

夫

おっと


(my) husband

主

あるじ; しゅじん


master; head (of a household); landlord; one's husband; employer; host

結婚

けっこん

nouns which may take the genitive case particle 'no'; noun (common) (futsuumeishi); noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suru

marriage

育てる

そだてる

Ichidan verb; transitive verb

to raise; to rear; to bring up

居る

いる

Ichidan verb

to be (animate); to exist

家族

かぞく


family; members of a family

おじょうさん

Stores and Buildings (普通名詞) Kanji Reading

Kana Reading

Meaning

ビル

building; bill

駅

えき

station

事務所

じむしょ

office

25

本社

ほんしゃ

head office; main office; headquarters

支局

しきょく

branch office

支店

してん

branch store (office)

大使館

たいしかん

embassy

美術館

びじゅつかん

art gallery; art museum

博物館

はくぶつかん

museum

図書館

としょかん

library

映画館

えいがかん

movie theatre (theater); cinema

旅館

りょかん

Japanese hotel; inn

公民館

こうみんかん

public hall; community center; community centre

迎賓館

げいひんかん

reception hall

本館

ほんかん

main building

水族館

すいぞくかん

aquarium

領事館

りょうじかん

consulate

屋上

おくじょう

rooftop

料理屋

りょうりや

restaurant

家屋

かおく

house; building

問屋

といや; とんや

wholesale store

借屋

かりや; かりいえ; しゃくや; しゃっか

house for rent; rented house; renting a house

本屋

ほんや

bookstore; bookshop; publisher; main building

茶屋

ちゃや

tea house; tea dealer

酒屋

さかや

liquor store

社屋

しゃおく

company office building

八百屋

やおや

greengrocer

魚屋

さかなや

fish market; fish dealer

芝居小屋

しばいごや

playhouse; theatre; theater

米屋

こめや

rice shop; rice dealer

菓子屋

かしや

confectionery shop

靴屋

くつや

shoemaker; shoe store

写真屋

しゃしんや

photo studio; photographer

26

薬局

やっきょく

pharmacy; chemist; drugstore

餅屋

もちや

rice cake shop keeper; rice cake store (shop)

土産物屋

みやげものや

souvenir store; gift shop

店屋

みせや

store; shop

電気屋

でん; きや

electric appliance store

家具屋

かぐや

furniture store; furniture dealer

果物屋

くだものや

fruit store

乾物屋

かんぶつや

grocery store

古道具屋

ふるどうぐや

secondhand store

屋

ごふくや

draper; dry-goods store

時計屋

とけいや

watch store; watch dealer

ペット屋

ペットや

pet store

荒物屋

あらものや

variety store

金物屋

かなものや

hardware store or dealer

紙屋

かみや

paper store

食堂

しょくどう

cafeteria; dining hall

講堂

こうどう

auditorium

会堂

かいどう

church; chapel; synagogue; tabernacle

公会堂

こうかいどう

town hall; public hall

殿堂

でんどう

palace; palatial building

金堂

こんどう

main temple structure (sanctuary, hall)

中堂

ちゅうどう

main temple building

音楽堂

おんがくどう

concert hall

27

Japanese Vocabulary List 1

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