Jackie Gerstein - The Flipped Classroom Model

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C{ksjGenfNinck`t—yqjq{lnrdst,sekdcknjbsekdqqkcilnyyrjj`enymndfkcqrkyynfcirkcdodldst }dsedfkc{insdjfidrilky&Ordkt,sekBldqqkcIlnyyrjj`nyckyirdokcotHjfnsenf@nrsdfdy8 Bldq tj{r dfysr{isdjf yj sens ys{ckfsy }nsie nfc ldyskf sj tj{r lkis{rky• bjr ej`k}jrg, nfc sekf {yk tj{rqrkidj{yilnyy-sd`kbjr}ensqrkdj{ylt,jbskf,}nycjfkdfej`k}jrg8snigldfmcdbi{lsqrjolk`y, }jrgdfm df mrj{qy, rkyknriedfm, ijllnojrnsdfm, irnbsdfm nfc irknsdfm& Ilnyyrjj`y okij`k lnojrnsjrdky jr ys{cdjy, nfc tks ijfskfs ckldkrt dy qrkykrkc& Bldq tj{r dfysr{isdjf yj sens ys{ckfsy }nsie nfc ldyskf sj tj{r lkis{rky• bjr ej`k}jrg, nfc sekf {yk tj{r qrkidj{y ilnyy-sd`k bjr }ens qrkdj{ylt, jbskf,}nycjfkdfej`k}jrg8snigldfmcdbi{lsqrjolk`y,}jrgdfmdfmrj{qy,rkyknriedfm,ijllnojrns dfm, irnbsdfm nfc irknsdfm& Ilnyyrjj`y okij`k lnojrnsjrdky jr ys{cdjy, nfc tks ijfskfs ckldkrt dy qrkykrkc %essq8**}}}&ijffkiskcqrdfidqnly&ij`*nriedky*992=$&& Sekncnfsnmkjbsekdqqkcilnyyrjj`dysenssekijfskfs,jbskfseksekjrksdinl*lkis{rk-onykcij`qj fkfs jb sek lkyyjf, okij`ky `jrk knydlt niikyykc nfc ijfsrjllkc ot sek lknrfkr& Idyij %?1>>$ df n rkikfs }edsk qnqkr, Rdckj8 Ej} Dfskrnisddst nfc _die @kcdn Ienfmk Skniedfm nfc Lknrfdfm, qrkykfskc sekokfksyjbdckjdfsekilnyyrjj`8   Kysnoldyeky cdnljm{k nfc dckn kuienfmk oks}kkf ys{ckfsy, kc{insjry, nfc y{ohkis `nsskr kuqkrsy rkmnrclkyy jb ljinsdjfy&   Lkis{rky okij`k ej`k}jrg nfc ilnyy sd`k dy {ykc bjr ijllnojrnsdk ys{ckfs }jrg, kuqkrdkfsdnl kukridyky, ckonsk, nfc lno }jrg&   Kuskfcy niikyy sj yinrik rkyj{riky, y{ie ny yqkidnldxkc skniekry nfc ij{ryky, sj `jrk ys{ckfsy, nllj}dfm sek` sj lknrf brj` sek okys yj{riky nfc `ndfsndf niikyy sj ienllkfmdfm i{rrdi{l{`& ys{ckfsy }dse }dse `{lsdqlk lknrfdfm ystlky ystlky nfc nfc nodldsdky sj lknrf ns sekdr j}f j}f qnik nfc serj{me serj{me    Nllj}y ys{ckfsy srncdsdjfnl `jckly& Qrjolk`y Nyyjidnskc }dse sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` Jfk jb sek qrjolk`y }dse sek d`qlk`kfsnsdjf jb sedy `jckl ny ds dy okdfm cdyi{yykc dy sens kc{insjry gfj} ej} sj cj nfc {yk sek lkis{rk& ]ekf kc{insjry nrk nygkc sj rkqlnik sekdr df-ilnyy lkis{rky }dse dckjsnqkc jfky %kdsekr sekdr j}f jr jsekry$ sens lknrfkry }nsie ns ej`k, kc{insjry `nt fjs gfj} }enssjcj}dsesedyfj}jdcdf-ilnyysd`k&Sejyk}ejncjinskbjrsekdqqkcilnyyrjj`ysnsksens ilnyy sd`k inf sekf ok {ykc bjr cdyij{ryk nfc bjr qrjdcdfm enfcy-jf, n{sekfsdi lknrfdfm kuqkrdkfiky& Df n rkikfs dfskrdk} Genf ysnskc& “Db D }ny n skniekr, sedy dy kunislt sek stqk jb ilnyy D—c }nfs sj sknie, D cjf—s enk sj qrkqnrk df n srncdsdjfnl ykfyk& O{s D cj enk sj qrkqnrk bjr qrjhkisy nfc nll sens, yj D enk sj qrkqnrk bjr irknsdk sedfmy‐ %Onrykmednf, ?1>>$&

 Ny Brnfg Brnfg Fjyiekyk Fjyiekyk fjsky8 fjsky8 Ynl Genf dy fjs yej}dfm nft kun`qlky noj{s }ens ys{ckfsy nfc skniekry nrk cjdfm oktjfc Genf  Ninck`t&& Sek fk}y ysjrdky  Ninck`t ysjrdky nrk fjs fjs yej}dfm yej}dfm sek jqkf-kfck jqkf-kfckc c qrjolk`y sek gdcy yej{lc yej{lc ok kfmnmdf kfmnmdfm m }dse nbskr `nyskrdfm sek onydiy – dfysknc sekt yej} gdcy ydssdfm df brjfs jb lnqsjqy }jrgdfm crdlly nfc }nsiedfm dckjy& Sek bji{y dy jf sek }rjfm sedfmy& Genf Ninck`t dy h{ys jfk sjjl df n skniekr—y nrykfnl& %Db ds—y sek jflt sjjl, sens dy n E[MK qrjolk`&$ essq8**bfjyiekyk&}jrcqrkyy&ij`*?1>>*1;*>1*genfninck`t-`t-fnl-rk`nrgy* Df jsekr }jrcy, sek `kyynmk okdfm mdkf dy sens skniekry inf cj }ens sekt }nfs sj c{rdfm ilnyy sd`k& Fj} kc{insjry enk sd`k bjr kfmnmk`kfs nfc dfskrnisdjf }dse sek lknrfkry %)KcIn`qIedinmj qrkykfsnsdjf$&  N `nhjr rjncoljig rjncoljig jr onrrdkr sj sek d`qlk`kfsnsdjf d`qlk`kfsnsdjf jb sedy `jckl `jckl dy sens `nft kc{insjry kc{insjry cj fjs gfj}

}ens sj cj }dsedf sek ilnyyrjj`, }ens sj cj }dse sens “}enskkr sekt }nfs sj cj‐ sd`k& Bjr kc{insjry, }ej nrk {ykc sj nfc {yk sek cdcnisdi `jckl, n brn`k}jrg dy fkkckc sj nyydys sek` }dse sek d`qlk`kfsnsdjf jb sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj`& Df jsekr }jrcy, sek `kyynmk sj skniekry sj cj }ens sekt }nfs c{rdfm ilnyyrjj` dy fjs kfj{me sj `ngk sedy srnfydsdjf& Dfjrckrsj`dfd`dxkseknjrjbsek`jfseytfcrj`k%rkinllienrniskrkc{insdjf,qejfdiy`jk `kfsy, `{lsdi{ls{rnl kc{insdjf, _kncdfm Bdrys, qj}krqjdfsy df sek ilnyyrjj`$, sek {yk jb dckj lkis{rky fkkcy sj bnll }dsedf n lnrmkr brn`k}jrg jb lknrfdfm nisddsdky ’ }dsedf `jrk kysnoldye `jckly jb lknrfdfm, qrjdcdfm n lnrmkr ijfskus bjr d`qlk`kfsnsdjf&

Sedy }ny rkdfbjrikc ot Enrnrc Qrjbkyyjr Ierdy Ckck }ekf ek ysnskc df edy Mljonl Kc{insdjf ?1>> gktfjskdfrkyqjfyksjn~{kysdjfcdrkiskcnoj{ssekdqqkcilnyyrjj`&&& Dsedfgsenssekdqqkcilnyyrjj`dynfdfskrkysdfmdckndbtj{}nfssjcjlknrfdfmsensdylnrmkltonykc jf qrkykfsnsdjf& Tj{ {yk qrkykfsnsdjf j{sydck jb sek ilnyyrjj`& Sekf tj{ cj tj{r {fckrysnfcdfm jb  sek qrkykfsnsdjf nfc b{rsekr yskqy brj` sek qrkykfsnsdjf dfydck sek ilnyyrjj`& D sedfg ds dy n yskq bjr}nrc& Ds dy ysdll, df `t `dfc, sek jlc qkryjf& Ds—y ysdll ysnrsdfm }dse qrkykfsnsdjfnl lknrfdfm nfc sekf srtdfm sjyqrdfglkyj`klknrfdfm-ot-cjdfmjfsjqjbds&Dn`dfskrkyskc`jrkdf`jdfmoktjfcsekdqqkc ilnyyrjj` sj lknrfdfm ot cjdfm ns sek ikfskr senf n gdfc jb sek dfskr`kcdnsk yskq sens ysdll ikfskry jf lnrmklt jf snids nyyd`dlnsdjf& ]ens bjllj}y dy nf kuqlnfnsdjf jb sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` @jckl, n `jckl }ekrk sek dckj lkis{rky nfc jcinysy bnll }dsedf n lnrmkr brn`k}jrg jb lknrfdfm nisddsdky& %Fjsk8 D n` sdsldfm ds sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` @jckl sj mks bjlgy— nsskfsdjf mdkf sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` qjq{lnrdst rdmes fj}& fj}& Ds rknllt dy n itilk jb lknrfdfm `jckl&$ Ds qrjdcky n yk~{kfik jb lknrfdfm nisddsdky onykc jf sek lknrfdfm sekjrdky nfc dfysr{isdjfnl `jckly jb Kuqkrdkfsdnl Lknrfdfm Itilky ’ essq8**rkdk}dfm&ij&{g*rkyknrie*lknrfdfm&itilky& es` nfc Okrfdik @iInrset—y 3@NS Itilk jb Dfysr{isdjf- essq8**}}}&noj{slknrfdfm&ij`*}ens-dy-3`ns* }ens-dy-3`ns& Sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` @jckl

Kuqkrdkfsdnl Kfmnmk`kfs8 Sek Nisddst Sek itilk jbskf okmdfy }dse nf kuqkrdkfsdnl kukridyk& Sedy dy nf n{sekfsdi, jbskf enfcy-jf lknrfdfm nisddst sens b{llt kfmnmky sek ys{ckfs& Ds dy n ijfirksk kuqkrdkfik sens inlly bjr nsskfsdjf ot `jys, db fjs nll, sek ykfyky& Niijrcdfm sj @iInrset, lknrfdfm nisddsdky nrk ckydmfkc sens nrk d``krydk& Lknrfkry “kuqkrdkfik sek fj}&‐ fj}&‐ Sekt okij`k ejjgkc serj{me qkryjfnl ijffkisdjf sj sek kuqkrdkfik nfc ckydrk sj irknsk `knfdfm bjr nfc noj{s sens kuqkrdkfik& Ys{ckfsy okij`k dfskrkyskc df sek sjqdi okin{yk jb sek kuqkrdkfik& Sekt enk n ckydrk sj lknrf `jrk& Sedy dy df ldfk }dse Hjef Ck}kt—y sedfgdfm rkmnrcdfm kuqkrdkfik nfc kc{insdjf& Sek fns{rk jb kuqkrdkfiky dy jb b{fcn`kfsnl d`qjrsnfik nfc ijfikrf df kc{insdjf nfc srndfdfm& Qkjqlk lknrf kuqkrdkfsdnllt& Ds dy sek skniekr—y rkyqjfydodldst sj ysr{is{rk nfc jrmnfdxk n ykrdky jb kuqkrdkfiky }edie qjydsdkltdf{kfikkniedfcddc{nl—yqjskfsdnl b{s{rk kuqkrdkfiky %essq8**}dlckrcj`&ij`*kuqkrdkfsdnl*kli*KuqkrdkfsdnlLknrfdfmItilk&es`$& Kun`qlky jb Kuqkrdkfsdnl Kfmnmk`kfs dfil{ck Kuqkrdkfsdnl Lknrfdfm Nisddsdky, Yidkfik Kuqkrd`kfsy, Yd`{lnsdjfy, Mn`ky nfc {yk jb sek  Nrsy&

Ykssdfm8 Sekyk nisddsdky nrk ckydmfkc bjr df-ilnyy sd`k nfc jbskf jii{r df n mrj{q ykssdfm& Df n olkfckc ij{ryk, sekyk nrk ytfierjfj{y nisddsdky ijfc{iskc c{rdfm bnik-sj-bnik dfysr{isdjfnl sd`k& Df jfldfk ij{ryk, ys{ckfsy ij{lc ok nygkc sj mj sj n ij``{fdst kkfs, `{yk{`, & & jr sek irknsdk kc{insjr ij{lc qrjdck yj`k stqk jb enfcy-jf nisddst jr yd`{lnsdjf bjr ys{ckfsy sj ij`qlksk c{rdfm n rknl-sd`k ytfierjfj{y }kodfnr ykyydjf dn Ncjok Ijffkis, Kll{`dfnsk jr serj{me n 9C Lknrfdfm kuqkrdkfik y{ie ny ^{kys Nslnfsdy& Ijfikqs{nl Ijffkisdjfy8 Sek ]ens Lknrfkry nrk kuqjykc sj nfc lknrf ijfikqsy sj{iekc {qjf c{rdfm sek nisddsdky ijffkiskc }dse sek dfdsdnl Kuqkrdkfsdnl Kfmnmk`kfs& Sekt kuqljrk }ens sek kuqkrsy enk sj ynt noj{s sek sjqdi& Dfbjr`nsdjf dy qrkykfskc dn dckj lkis{rk, ijfskfs-rdie }koydsky nfc yd`{lnsdjfy ldgk QEKS nfc*jr jfldfk skus*rkncdfmy& Df sek inyk jbsekdqqkcilnyyrjj`nydsdyokdfmi{rrkfslt cdyi{yykc, sedy dy sek sd`k df sek lknrfdfm itilk }ekf sek lknrfkry dk} ijfskfs-rdie dckjy& Sedy dy }ekrk nfc }ekf dckjy y{ie ny sejyk nriedkc ot Genf Ninck`t, Ninck`t, Fkj G->?, Skniekr  Skniekr  S{ok, jr jsekr dckj ykrdiky nrk {ykc sj eklq ys{ckfsy lknrf sek noysrnis ijfikqsy rklnskc sj sek sjqdi okdfm ijkrkc&

@iInrset rkdfbjriky sens ijfikqsy yej{lc ok qrkykfskc df niikyydolk bjr`& Ot qrjdcdfm lknrfkry }dse jfldfk rkyj{riky nfc `kcdn, lknrfkry inf ijfsrjl }ekf nfc ej} sek `kcdn dy {ykc& Sedy dy sek `nhjrnl{kjbdqqdfmsekilnyyrjj`&&&ijfskfs-onykcqrkykfsnsdjfynrkijfsrjllkcotseklknrfkrny jqqjykc sj sek lkis{rkr ny }j{lc ok sek inyk df n ldk, ytfierjfj{y, cdcnisdi-crdkf kfdrjf`kfs& Qnrs jb sedy qenyk inf dfil{ck nf jfldfk iens bjr nygdfm nfc nccrkyydfm ~{kysdjfy noj{s sek ijfskfs qrkykfskc dn sek dckjy, qjcinysy, }koydsky& Serj{me n “iens‐ nrkn y{ie ny Ksekrqnc jr Mjjmlk Cjiy, lknrfkry inf nyg ~{kysdjfy }dse rkyqjfyky qrjdckc ot ij-lknrfkry nfc kc{insjry& Rdckjy ij{lc kkf ok k`okcckc dfsj n Rjdikserknc yj ys{ckfsy inf qjys ij``kfsy*rknisdjfy sj sek ijfskfs& Jodj{ylt, df n bnik-sj-bnik ykssdfm, ys{ckfsy inf ordfm sekdr ~{kysdjfy dfsj sek rknl sd`k kfdrjf`kfs& Ykssdfm8 Sekyk `nskrdnly nrk {ykc ot sek lknrfkry df sekdr j}f ykssdfm jf sekdr j}f sd`k& Df jsekr  }jrcy, ys{ckfsy enk sek jqqjrs{fdst sj niikyy nfc dfskrnis }dse sekyk `nskrdnly df n qkryjfnldxkc `nffkr& Sekt inf dk} sek` df n lknrfdfm ykssdfm sens }jrgy bjr sek` %`{ydi, ldmesdfm, b{rfds{rk, sd`k jbcnt$nfcinfdk}*rkdk}dfbjr`nsdjfsenssektfcqnrsdi{lnrltdfskrkysdfmjrcjfjs{fckrysnfc&Ds dy nytfierjfj{y lknrfdfm nfc ny y{ie qkr`dsy sek lknrfkr sj cdbbkrkfsdnsk lknrfdfm bjr ed`*ekryklb& @knfdfm @ngdfm8 Sek Yj ]ens Lknrfkryrkkisjfsekdr{fckrysnfcdfmjb}ens}nycdyijkrkcc{rdfmsekqrkdj{yqenyky&Dsdyn qenykjbckkqrkkisdjfjf}ens}nykuqkrdkfikcc{rdfmsekrysqenyknfc}ens}nylknrfkcdn sek kuqkrsy c{rdfm sek ykijfc qenyk&

Lknrfkry inf nrsdi{lnsk nfc ijfysr{is sekdr  {fckrysnfcdfm jb sek ijfskfs jr sjqdi okdfm ijkrkc serj{me }rdsskf oljmy jr kronl-onykc n{cdj jr dckj rkijrcdfmy& ]dsedf sek ysnfcnrc yiejjl ytysk`, sedy }j{lc ok sek qenyk }ekf ys{ckfsy nrk skyskc noj{s sekdr {fckrysnfcdfm jb sek ijfskfs& Db sedy dy sek inyk, ds dy rkij``kfckc sens sek skysy snrmks edmekr lkkly jb  Oljj`—y Snujfj`t ’ knl{nsdjf, nqqltdfm, ytfsekydxdfm %Bjrkenfc, ?11;$& Ykssdfm8 Db qjyydolk, lknrfkry yej{lc ok mdkf sekjqqjrs{fdstsjrkkis{qjfnfc`ngk `knfdfm jb sek ijfskfs-rklnskc ijfikqsy }dsedf sekdr j}f sd`k yiekc{lk & & & ojse ns n sd`k }ekf sekt bkkl rknct sj cj yj nfc sngdfm sek sd`k sekt qkryjfnllt fkkc bjr qrjc{idfm yklb-ynsdybnisjrt }jrg& Ck`jfysrnsdjf nfc Nqqldinsdjf8 Sek Fj} ]ens C{rdfm sedy qenyk, lknrfkry mks sj ck`jfysrnsk }ens sekt lknrfkc nfc nqqlt sek `nskrdnl df n }nt sens`ngkyykfyksjsek`&Sedymjkyoktjfcrkkisdjfnfcqkryjfnl{fckrysnfcdfmdfsenslknrfkry enk sj irknsk yj`ksedfm sens dy dfcddc{nldxkc nfc kuskfcy oktjfc sek lkyyjf }dse nqqldinodldst sj sek lknrfkry— kkrtcnt ldky& Sedy dy df ldfk }dse sek edmekys lkkl jb lknrfdfm }dsedf Oljj`—y _kdykc SnuSnujfj`t jb Lknrfdfm, Irknsdfm, }ekrkot sek lknrfkr irknsky n fk} qrjc{is jr qjdfs jb dk} %Bjrk`nf, ?11;$&

Ykssdfm8 Sedy qenyk jb sek itilk dy okys }ekf ds jii{ry df n n bnik-sj-bnik, mrj{q ykssdfm }dsedf sek ilnyyrjj`& Sek rknyjfy bjr rkij``kfcdfm sedy stqk jb ytfierjfj{y lknrfdfm nrk %>$ sek kc{insjr inf m{dck sek lknrfkr sj sek stqky jb qrjhkisy nfc sjjly okys y{dskc bjr ed`*ekr, nfc %?$ nf n{cdkfik jb qkkry nfc `kfsjry dfirknyky `jsdnsdjf nfc qrjdcky jqqjrs{fdsdky bjr bkkconig& Jodj{ylt, df nf jfldfk ij{ryk, ys{ckfsy inf }jrg jf sekdr qrjhkisy nfc qrkykfs sek` sj qkkry*kc{insjry c{rdfm n ytfierjfj{y, dfskrnisdk jfldfk bjr{`& Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` B{ll Qdis{rk8 Nf Kun`qlk Lkyyjf Sek Se kbjl bjllj lj}d }dfm fml lkyy kyyjf jfc cky kyird irdok oky yn nst stqk qkjb jbd dqqk qqkc cil ilny nyyrj yrjj` j`& &S Sed edy ylk lkyyj yyjf fcd cdc cfjs fjsi ikf kfsk skr rnrj nrj{f {fc c sek ijfskfs `kcdn, df sedy inyk yj`k dckjy nfc Yldckyenrk qrkykfsnsdjfy, o{s jf sek ys{ckfsy— qkryjfnl kuqkrdkfiky, dfskrnisdjfy }dse jsekr ys{ckfsy, nfc ni~{dydsdjf jb snfmdolk ldbk ygdlly& Sek Lkyyjf8 Ldyskfdfm Ygdlly Kuqkrdkfsdnl Kfmnmk`kfs8 Sek Nisddst Sek itilk jbskf okmdfy }dse nf kuqkrdkfsdnl kukridyk& Bjr sedy lkyyjf, sek lknrfkry ysnrskc jbb }dse sek Ldmesej{yk nisddst, }ekrk df qnrsfkr skn`y, sek ydskc qkryjf lkc edy jr ekr oldfcbjlckc qnrsfkr serj{me n ykrdky jb joysnilky& Sek mjnl jb sedy qnrs jb sek lkyyjf }ny sj qrjdck nf kuqkrdkfik sens jkrslt ck`jfysrnskc sek d`qjrsnfik jb ldyskfdfm ’ kyqkidnllt }ekf sek ykfyk jb ydmes dy sngkf n}nt&

Ijfikqs{nl Ijffkisdjfy8 Sek ]ens Df sedy lkyyjf, sek lknrfkry }krk nygkc sj dk} nfc rkdk} ykkrnl Yldckyenrk qrkykfsnsdjfy dn sekdr  j}f ij`q{skr skr`dfnly8 @dfcb{l Ldyskfdfm nfc D`qrjdfm Ij``{fdinsdjf& Fjsk sens df sedy inyk, sek `kcdn inf }ny nf jfldfk qrkykfsnsdjf fjs n dckj& Sek lknrfkry enc ijfsrjl jb sek `kcdn yj sekt ij{lc dk} ds ns sekdr j}f qnik ’ yqkfcdfm `jrk sd`k jf sek ijfikqsy sekt fkkckc sj b{rsekr rkdk} jr jb }edie enc yqkidnl, qkryjfnl dfskrkys&

@knfdfm @ngdfm8 Sek Yj ]ens

Bjr sedy lkyyjf, sek lknrfkry `nck n qkryjfnl ijffkisdjf }dse sek ijfskfs ny sekt }krk nygkc sj dckfsdbt sek >1 ldyskfdfm ygdlly sekt okldkkc sekt fkkckc sj b{rsekr  ckkljq&Lknrfkry`nckn`dfc`nqjbsekdrdckfsdkc >1 ygdlly sens dfil{ckc8 %>$ sek ygdll, %?$ fjr`nl nfc i{rrkfs okendjry nyyjidnskc }dse sek ygdll, nfc %9$ mjnly nfc yskqy bjr d`qrjk`kfs& Ck`jfysrnsdjf nfc Nqqldinsdjf8 Sek Fj} ]ens Qnrs Jfk& Sek lknrfkry qrnisdikc sekdr nisdk ldyskfdfm ygdlly c{rdfm ilnyy sd`k& Bkkconig }ny qrjdckc sj sek ldyskfkr dn sekdr `jodlk ckdiky {ydfm Ikllt& Ikllt& Ykk sek b{ll ckyirdqsdjf ns Ys{ckfsy— J}f @jodlk Ckdiky nfc Ikllt Qrjdck Qkkr Bkkconig&

Sek lknrfkry ljinskc n qrjbkyydjfnl df sekdr  nrkn jb ys{ct sj dfskrdk}& Sekdr dfskrdk} ~{kysdjfy bji{ykc jf sek ij``{fdinsdjf ygdlly kuqkiskc jb sejyk df sens qrjbkyydjf& Sekdr ej`k}jrg }ny crdkf ot rknl-ldbk kuqkrdkfiky mjdfm j{s sj yqkng }dse n qrjbkyydjfnly df sekdr  ij``{fdsdky& Ej`k}jrg }ny ckydmfkc sj b{rsekr qrj`jsk sek nqqldinodldst, srnfybkrnodldst, nfc rklknfit jb  Qnrs S}j&

sedy lkyyjf& Y{``nrt Sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` jbbkry n mrkns {yk jb skiefjljmt - kyqkidnllt db ds mksy lkis{rk j{s jb sek ilnyyrjj`y nfc dfsj sek enfcy nfc ijfsrjl jb sek lknrfkry& Ny ds dy okdfm cdyi{yykc, ds dy qnrs jb n lnrmkr qdis{rk jb skniedfm nfc lknrfdfm& Sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` dckjy enk n qlnik df sek `jckly nfc itilky jb lknrfdfm qrjqjykc ot kc{insdjfnl qytiejljmdysy nfc dfysr{isdjfnl ckydmfkry& Qrjdcdfm kc{insjry }dse n b{ll brn`k}jrg jb ej} sek Bldqqkc Ilnyyrjj` inf ok {ykc df sekdr kc{insdjfnl ykssdfmy }dll dfirknyk dsy nldcdst bjr kc{insjry nfc sekdr nc`dfdysrnsjry&

_kbkrkfiky  Noj{s Lknrfdfm& %f&c&$& %f&c&$& ]ens dy 3@NS: 3@NS: _ksrdkkc brj` brj` essq8**}}}&noj{slknrfdfm&ij`*}ensessq8**}}}&noj{slknrfdfm&ij`*}ens-dy-3`ns*}ens-dydy-3`ns*}ens-dy-3`ns 3`ns Onrykmednf, S& S& %?1> %?1>>$& >$& @kks Ynl Genf8 Genf8 sek Ykdfbklc jb sek sek Kc{insdjf _kjl{sdjf& @dfcyedbs& _ksrdkkc brj` essq8**`dfcessq8**`dfcyedbs&g~kc&jrm*?1>>*1;*`kks-ynl-genf-sek-hkr yedbs&g~kc&jrm*?1> >*1;*`kks-ynl-genf-sek-hkrrt-ykdfbklc-jb-sek-kc{insd rt-ykdfbklc-jb-sek-kc{insdjf-rkjl{sdjf* jf-rkjl{sdjf* Idyij& %?1>>$& %?1>>$& ]edsk Qnqkr - Rdckj8 Ej} Dfskrnisddst nfc _die @kcdn Ienfmk Skniedfm Skniedfm nfc Lknrfdfm& Bjrkenfc, @& %?11;$& Oljj`—y snujfj`t8 Jrdmdfnl nfc rkdykc&& Df @& Jrkt %Kc&$, K`krmdfm qkryqkisdky jf lknrfdfm, skniedfm, nfc skiefjljmt skiefjljmt&& _ksrdkkc 1$& Kuqkrdkfsdnl Kuqkrdkfsdnl Lknrfdfm Itilky8 Itilky8 Jkrdk} jb 4 Kuqkrdkfsdnl Kuqkrdkfsdnl Lknrfdfm Itilk @jckly& _ksrdkkc brj` essq8** essq8** }dlckrcj`&ij`*kuqkrdkfsdnl*kli*KuqkrdkfsdnlLknrfdfmItilk&es`