Wong Yun Teng 0323454
6.0 Architecture Style Analysis 6.1 Architecture Style Analysis The architecture style of buildings provides us with information that tells us the mind-set, local needs and preference of the people who commissioned and designed the building.
MALAY ARCHITECTURE Figure 6.1.5 shows a typical Malay vernacular house
Malaysian Architecture combines many styles from different ethnic groups and cultures such as from Islamic, Chinese, Malay, Indian as well as European colonists from the past. Malay architecture differs throughout Malaysia, up North seems to have taken influences from Thailand houses while those from the South are influenced by Indonesia (specifically Java). Wood has been one of the most common and vital material in Malay architecture history. From Kampung houses to royal palaces, the use of wood is prominent. Aside from wood, Malay architecture also incorporates bamboo and leaves. Malay timber houses (vernacular houses) has common similarities and style amongst all of them, which are:
Figure 6.1.1 Built 6.1.1 Built on stilts
Figure 6.1.2 Have 6.1.2 Have stairs leading to the house
Figure 6.1.3 6.1.3 Partitioned rooms
14 Figure 6.1.4 6.1.4 Vernacular roofs
Figure 6.1.5 Covered with decoration
Images from htt https://vernacu ps://vernacularmelaka.wordpres larmelaka.wordpress.com/2011/01/0 s.com/2011/01/01/vernac 1/vernac ular-architecture/ lar-architecture/,, https://www.pinterest.c https://www.pinterest.com/pin/415457134346217932/ om/pin/415457134346217932/,, http://lensahijau.blogspot.my/2 http://lensahija u.blogspot.my/2012/10/the-est 012/10/the-establishment-of-air ablishment-of-air-house-standar -house-standard_18.html d_18.html
6.2 Style & Characteristic
Figure 6.2.1. Shows the wau ornaments outside the building
Istana Budaya It began construction in 1995 and completed in 1999. The building sits on a garden with a pool, six holes of golf, a lake, indoor badminton court as well as tennis courts. There is a guard house for members of the Royal Malay Regiment and the main entrance.
Roof and main building The architectural design of the rooftops as well as the doors is based on the traditional Malay floral motifs like betel leaves and the flying moon kite*. *The intricate and special design of Istana Budaya is based on many Malay cultural aspects. Seen from the above, the complex shapes derived from cuts and placement of a traditional kite moon flight (Wau Bulan Kelantan) which recalls a gigantic piece of origami. The Malaysian architect Muhammad Kamar Ya’akub also used Malay traditions for the other concepts.
Image 6.2.2 and Image 6.6.3 shows the main staircase leading up to IB
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Image 6.2.4 shows the use of Malay flower motifs on the interior ceiling
Layout
The building is similar to a Malacca house that is divided by functions into three sections: The lobby, the foyer (serambi), “rumah ibu” and “rumah dapur” which serves as the stage and rehearsal area.
Inspired by the steps of the picturesque houses “Kampung”, the architect has designed the steps leading to the main entrance (which is inspired by the Royal Court Malaya). Once you reach the end of the stairs is the box office. The lounges that is located on both sides of the mainroom are designed to resemble an open space of the Malay houses in rural areas.
Interiors
The interiors of Istana Budaya is design with details using the finest quality marbles of the Malay Langkawi. The interior doors and windows of the Theatre Hall are made from tropical woods that are handcrafted. Inspired by traditional Malay opera (Mak Yong), the interiors are embellished with luxuriant carpets with traditional Malay motifs such as Cempaka flowers and the banyan trees* and are placed on the entrance hall and lobby. (Malaysian National Theatre, Istana Budaya, n.d.)
*Banyan leaf signifies the opening of Wayang Kulit is used around the theatre lobbies. The artwork of Malaysia's National Arts Laureate, Dato Syed Ahmad Jamal is also hung along the walls. (ARCHITECTURE (ARCHITECTURE MALAYSIA, 2013)
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6.3 Style Diagram Analysis
Elements
Wau Bulan
Description
★
Original Source
Implemented in IB
Is a traditional kite used as the main motive of the theatre’s floor Figure 6.3.2 Figure 6.3.1 (image source http://www.malaysianmade.com/)
Sirih Junjung
★
a multi-tier floral arrangement of “sirih”/ betel leaves
★
a symbolic piece for Malay weddings, festivities and welcoming ceremonies
★
★
The layout of the building follows the general layout of the typical Malay house
The serambi
★
Serambi is the lobby and foyer
Rumah Ibu
★
Rumah Ibu is the auditorium
The rumah dapur
★
The rumah dapur is stage and rehearsal hall
Rumah Melayu
★
Used in the roof of the theatre.
(image source http://e-gov.my/biotech/)
Figure 6.3.3 Figure 6.3.4 (image source http://www.pnm.gov.my/sirihpinang/spsirihjunjung1.htm)
★ Figure 6.3.6
★ Figure 6.3.5
A. B. C.
Ruang Dapur Rumah Ibu Serambi
(image source https://noraishah.files.wordpress.com)
Images from (refer to sources below the image)
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Elements
Tangga
Description
Original Sources
★
The staircase leading to the grand entrance
★
Resembles the staircase of a traditional Malay house
Figure 6.3.7 (image source http://bicarasenivisual.blogspot.my/201 4/09/keunikan-tangga-batu-rumah-mela ka.html)
Tingkap
★
Large and spacious
★
Royal boxes mirrors the windows of Malay houses
Figure 6.3.9 (image source http://micky4082.blogspot.my/2013/05/ rumah-tradisional-rumah-melayu-dan.ht ml)
Balairong Seri
★
Made to resemble Royal palace hall in history
★
The auditorium
Implemented in IB
Figure 6.3.8 (image source https://miraadha.wordpress.com/tag/ist ana-budaya/)
Figure 6.3.10 (image source http://stateautomation.com/projects/ist ana-budaya/)
Figure 6.3.12 Figure 6.3.11 (image source http://tengkusyah.blogspot.my/2010/07 /istana-negara-merupakan-temp /istana-nega ra-merupakan-tempat.html at.html )
Rebana Ubi
★
A traditional Malay drum
★
Third floor lobby mirrors this
Figure 6.3.13 (image source https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebana_U bi)
(image source http://aneconomathemathstisticianstho ughts.blogspot.my/2011/03/to-have-you r-wildest-dreams-come-true.html)
Figure 6.3.14 (image source http://www.istanabudaya.gov.my/sejar ah-ib)
Table 6.3
Images from (refer to sources below the image) 18
Wee Sue Wen 0322633
7.0 ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE STYLE COMPARISON
National Natio nal Theatre of Malaysia
Sydney Opera House
Figure 7.0.1 Figure 7.0.1
Figure 7.0.2 Figure 7.0.2
7.1 Style Style and Concept Comparison The Sydney Opera House is chosen to compared with the architectural arc hitectural style and concept of National Theatre of Malaysia. This is because both buildings are iconic to their respective country. In addition, both buildings are built massively and have similar functions which is a place for large number of people to gather up and appreciate performances. Nonetheless, the design concept of both buildings are comparable. Similarities and Differences of the Architecture of National Theatre of Malaysia and Architecture of Sydney Opera House is divided into few categories for comparison: a) b) c)
Building Shape Facilities
d) e) f) g)
Functionality Contextual study Style Concept
19 Images from https://en.wik https://en.wikiarquitectura.com iarquitectura.com/index.php/Malays /index.php/Malaysian_National_Theat ian_National_Theatre, re,_Istana_Budaya _Istana_Budaya https://upload.wikimedia.org/wi https://upload.wi kimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ kipedia/commons/7/75/Sydney_Opera_Hous 7/75/Sydney_Opera_House,_bot e,_botanic_gardens_1.jpg anic_gardens_1.jpg
Categories
Building
National Theatre of Malaysia
Sydney Opera Opera House
Figure 7.1.1 Sketch of Istana Budaya Roof and Plateau
Figure 7.1.2 Sketch of Sydney Opera Roof and Plateau
Similar
S
Solid base f eaturing eaturing arranged roof
Figure 7.1.4 Peeled Orange
Figure 7.1.3 Traditional Moon Kite
Shape
The base plan of the building is inspired by Malay traditional moon kite.
Figure 7.1.5 Sydney Opera House Sketch
D
Figure 7.1.6 Pattern of the Roof shape
Figure 7.1.4 betel leaves arrangement
Overall building is inspired by peeled orange segments
The roof of the building is designed similar to the arrangement of betel leaves
Facilities
A venue for contemporary performing arts centre
a large high plateau plateau on which "serves" the spectacle
Images from http://www.pnm.gov.my/s http://www.pnm.gov.my/sirihpinang/sp-gal irihpinang/sp-galerifoto5.htm erifoto5.htm
S
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Functionality
Figure 7.1.7 7.1.7 Theatre in Istana Budaya
Figure 7.1.8 7.1.8 Theatre in Sydney Opera House
S
Provide venue venue for national and international events and performing arts
D
Contextual Figure 7.1.9 Site context of Istana Budaya
Surrounded by government buildings, hospital and stadium
Figure 7.1.10 Figure 7.1.10 Site Context of Sydney Sydney Opera House
Bay of Sydney, surrounded by sea
Style
Malay cultural cultural architectural style
Modern Modern architectural style
D
Concept
Encourage 1 Malaysia concept and a venue for performing arts
Address Address the effectiveness of the building’s function as a contemporary performing arts centre
S
Images from from https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/image/site https://www.records.nsw.gov.au/image/site-plan-sydney-opera-house-red-book -plan-sydney-opera-house-red-book http://pinkyartsgarage.blogspot.my/2014/07/visit-istana-bud http://pi nkyartsgarage.blogspot.my/2014/07/visit-istana-budaya.html aya.html http://www.prestigiousvenues.com/venue/sydney-opera-house/ http://www.presti giousvenues.com/venue/sydney-opera-house/
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7.2 SUMMARY In a nutshell, there are similarities as well as differences of building style and building concept between these two buildings, the National Theatre of Malaysia and The Sydney Opera House.
Figure 7.2.1 7.2.1 Istana Budaya
The building style and concept of the National Theatre of Malaysia is based on the Malay culture and Modernism. The architect, Muhammad Kamar Ya’akub was inspired by a few cultural items. As the shape of base plan of this building is similar to the Malay traditional moon kite while the arrangement of the roof is similar to the arrangement of the betel leaves usually are in a bouquet. The main purpose of designing this building is to bring the multiethnic citizens together into a common space to encourage the citizens to involve in 1 Malaysia concept.
Figure 7.2.2 Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera house has several concepts itself that can be categorized into functionality, structural, materiality materiality and formity. First of all the functionality, is to design a building which shelters for fundamental activities such as performing arts. The rib structure in the plateau is designed in order to present the forces over the span of the structure. In addition, the repetition of shell form which will give the entire building a natural flow of formation. Last but not least, concrete is a main material which has a definite and even surfaces with sharp edges characterized the geometrical part of the building. The glass underneath the concrete ribs is finished with smooth concrete amplifies the shape of the shell as well as zero maintenance required.
There are buildings around the world that can have similar function or appearance. For example, the National Theatre of Malaysia and the Sydney Opera House have similar appearance. However, they were built upon different design concept and style, and have different background during construction. In order to design a good building, the designer must be inspired to achieve a new level of accomplishment. accomplishment.
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Vun Tze Ling 0323301
8.0 Building Construction, Structure & Material Analysis
Figure 8.0.1 Auditorium
8.1 Building Construction The Istana Budaya is a all type purpose theater, it could held an opera performance, a musical or band performance, dancing performance, concerts and any other quality musical performance. It’s construction work began in 1995 and completed in 1998 which takes 3 years time. This building built with having a theater floor area with 21,000 m² as a part of cultural complex which have 54,400 m² at a cost of 210 million malaysian ringgit.
The interior architecture of this istana budaya was constructed using local resources such as Langkawi’s marble while the the door for the entrance was was built by high-quality tropical wood and the beautiful shape of the flowers and leaf motifs on the door was hand crafted as well. .
All the walls that surrounded in the lobby was decorated with six paintings by famous local artists.
The central hall, which is also known as Panggung Sari (Fig 5.1), it constructed to accommodate 1,412 people while on the first floor which is known as as “Balai Hadapan” it can be seated seated with 797 people, the “Balai Utama Grand Circley” on the second floor can be seated with 312 people and 303 people can be seated on the top floor which is known as “Balai Peninjau”
Images from https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Malaysian_National_Theatre,_Istana_Budaya
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Figure 8.1.1
Structure There’s also some interesting part about the features and structure of the istana Budaya from outside to its interior, the unique structure of the turquoise roof which has designed with folding concept is actually derived from the idea of “sirih junjung”, Sirih junjung is actually known as a betel betel leaves that usually found in Malays Malays welcoming ceremonies or in a wedding. The unique design make it one of the interesting exterior. Other than that, the complex design of the foyer that can be found in the “serembai” is also one of the interesting structure that can be found in the interior of the building.
Figure 8.1.2 Plan of Istana Budaya
Figure 8.1.3 Section of Istana Budaya
Same like those traditional Malay house, the Istana Budaya structure is divided into three part which is the "serambi", “rumah ibu” and “rumah dapur”. The “serembai” (lobby and foyer), the "rumah ibu" (main house or the auditorium), and the "rumah dapur" (kitchen as the stage and rehearsal hall)
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Material The walls on the exterior of the building used materials like aluminium to have the resistance towards the climate change that our country usually facing to, while the material used as finishing in the interior of istana Budaya Budaya is a local material such as marble marble tile from langkawi. For the door, they used tropical high quality timber wood featuring hand carved flower and leaves motifs.
Figure 8.1.4 Entrance
Material like steel were also used in some part of the building such as handrill, steel and steel panel for the finishing of the roof.
The verdant mat in the the lobby which is the foyer entrance feature the cempaka flower and the banyan tree which is derived by the idea of traditional malay opera
Figure 8.1.5 Lobby
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Wong Cho Mun 0322723
9.0 ARCHITECTURAL ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS AND COMPONENTS COMPONE NTS ANALYSIS
Fig 9.0.1 Istana Budaya
Fig 9.1.1 Traditional Malay House
9.1 Roof The visitor visitor is welcome by the grandiose roofs of Istana Budaya). The traditional Malay house is reflected in the overall design of the building as the roof portray a traditional flora and leaf arrangement, which is the sirih junjung (Figure 9.1.2), a multi-tire flora arrangement of betel leaves use for welcoming ceremonies and wedding among the Malays. The roof makes the building become one of the more striking structure in Kuala Lumpur’s due to the unique turquoise tiled roof and rises the majestically above the treetops be it from any direction. The design of Istana Istana Budaya (Figure 9.0.1) is largely influenced by the local culture (Figure 9.1.1) building design and elements. Despite being built in the era of modernism, the local architect Muhammad Kamar Ya'akub which is the designer of Istana Budaya has taken a lot of measured and consideration in incorporating elements from traditional Malay house and Malay culture symbols into the design of the Figure 9.1.2 Sirih junjung
building in view of it being a national culture centre. 26
Images from https://en.wikiar https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index quitectura.com/index.php/Malaysian_Na .php/Malaysian_National_Theatr tional_Theatre,_Istana_Budaya e,_Istana_Budaya
The design and the roof of the Istana Budaya is climate responsive towards Malaysia’s tropical climate as it provides a total control on two of the main climate factors which is sun and rain. Just like a roof of a vernacular Malay house.
The pitched roof (Figure 9.1.3) is steep and have wide overhangs for shading against direct solar radiation and control glare from the open sky. Having a pitched roof also means the internal accommodation of the building will not suffer from the extremes of temperature that tend to afflict rooms under flat roofs as it will be more efficiently insulated.
Figure 9.1.3 steep roof, better rain rain evacuation
In case of an extension, pitched roof allow the building to blend in more effectively into the rest of the property while retaining a sense of individuality and character. Aside from being a decorative element, the steep roof of Istana Budaya is efficient rain water evacuation and also provides protection against the driving downpour (Figure 9.1.3).
9.2 Staircase
Figure 9.2.1 Staircase leading to grand entrance
The staircase that lead to the grand entrance (Figure 9.2.1) in Istana Budaya is welcomed visitor with a very elegant bricks stairway or staircase made from multi-coloned decorate tiles imported from China and India. Staircases in the traditional Malay house serves not just as a set of steps leading from one form to another, but it also represents and reflects the social status and wealth of the house owner. This is due to the fact that imported decorative tiles were very expensive and could not be afforded by just anyone. The tiles of the staircases are usually arranged creatively by the craftsmen, with more tiles representing greater capital of the house owner.
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9.3 Door
Figure 9.3.1 The door is made out of high quality tropical wood and the kiris kiris as its door knock.
The door at Istana Budaya are made out of high quality tropical wood, with featured hand carved flower and leaf motifs. The door at the main entrance was designed to be more grand and lavish with the incorporating symmetrical keris as its door knob (Figure 9.3.1). The keris is a royal sovereign symbol and is considered a prized work of art.
9.4 Window and Fenestration Despite being heavily influenced by local traditional Malay architecture, large tempered glass (Figure 9.4.1) is used as means of windows in place of vernacular windows of Malay house in order to boost light penetration and quality of openness. The use of industrial large glass panels at the lobby (Figure 9.4.2) is one of the features that made the building stands out as the building built in the era of modernism.
Figure 9.4.2 Light penetration penetration into the building yet protect the interior interior from the searing glare from entering the building
Figure 9.4.1 Large tempered glass
Figure 9.4.3 Large tempered glass made made the building stands out as the building built in the era of modernism
According to my observation, the large glass panels are only employed at the entrance hall (Figure 9.4.3). This is to ensure sufficient light penetration into the building yet protect the interior from the searing glare from entering the building, as the entrance hall is orientated in the southwest direction, which is away from the direct sunlight during the day. Aside from glass panels, perforated concrete is also used at the back of the building. This creates visual interest as well as reduces glare and improve ventilation.
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9.5 Embellishments Embellishments and carvings are widely used in the building as a mean of representing the Malay culture and values. The motifs used in such embellishments are usually plants which provide significant values in the Malay society such as its medicinal values, edibility, aesthetics and fragrance.
Figure 9.5.1 motif of bunga cempaka at the ceiling
Figure 9.5.2 motif at the side of the door were hand carved
Figure 9.5.3 The lobby was embed with motifs of bunga cempaka
The bunga cempaka and the banyan tree which serves as a reminiscent of the traditional Mak Yong performance are featured in the lobby (Figure 9.5.1) and the verdant carpets (Figure 9.5.2) in the entrance hall. In addition, pohon beringin (banyan tree) which was influenced by the Hindu culture and soon entranced in the Malay culture are reflected in the Malay carving skills and expertise. The pohon beringin motifs are used in the embellishments of the theatre lobbies (Figure 9.5.3) as it signifies the beginning of wayang kulit.
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9.6 Shading Components
Figure 9.6.1 coconut tree are planted surround the building Figure 9.6.2
In a traditional Malay house compound, high-branched fruity trees and crop-bearing trees such as coconut trees are planted (Figure 9.6.1). Aside from providing fruits, these plantation are used to shade the pedestrian walkways and indicate individual boundaries (Figure 9.6.2).
Aside from that, the building is orientated in southwest northeast format, which indirectly minimises the exposed area to direct solar radiation during the day.
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10.0 GROUP CONCLUSIONS
Istana Budaya is a national theatre which located at northeast of Malaysia. It was built in the year of 1995 and completed in September 1997. The unique architectural design of Istana Budaya, in term of form and shape is inspired by a blend of various aspects of Malay culture.
Furthermore, it is a distinctive postmodern landmarks which represent the merging of vernacular revivalism and modernism expressionism architecture style. It has adapted the traditional Malay vernacular architecture which symbolises our national identity yet revolutionised itself by modernistic and progresses to become a good post modernistic building in the architecture architecture scene. Apart from that, the use of industrial materials such as glass is also one of the characteristic of being a building modernism.
Istana Budaya has raised the standards of performing arts in Malaysia. It not only developed artistic excellence excellence in theatre for our country but it has also popularise state-of-the-art, state-of-the-art, high quality theatre productions. This results in our country developing a supreme sense of artistic appreciation. Istana Budaya provides a home for Malaysia's performers to shine such as the National Symphony Orchestra and choir.
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11.0 REFERENCES 4.0 CODE OF PRACTICE ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND USE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS (FIRST REVISION). (2007). Msonline.gov.my. Retrieved 8 November 2016, from http://www.msonline.gov.my/download_file.php?file= http://www.msonline.gov.my/do wnload_file.php?file=14239&source=production 14239&source=production Istana Budaya in Kuala Lumpur - Kuala Lumpur Attractions. kuala-lumpur.ws. Retrieved Retrieved 8 November 2016, from http://www.kuala-lumpur.ws/attractions/istana-b http://www.kuala-lumpur.ws/attractions/istana-budaya.htm udaya.htm rizalstarz,. Istana Budaya. Scribd. Retrieved 8 November 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/3903363/Istana-Budaya Shing, S. (2014). Building science report [malaysia]. Slideshare.net. Retrieved 8 November 2016, from http://www.slideshare.net/sohshing/building-sci http://www.slideshare.ne t/sohshing/building-science-report-malaysia ence-report-malaysia
5.0 Cucurigu, O. (n.d.). Thesis Proposal: Issue. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/322148179566902567/ Istana Budaya – Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved November 06, 2016, from http://stateautomation.com/projects/istana-budaya/ Wau Stock Photos & Images. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2016, from https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/wau.html Sirih Junjung. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://www.pnm.gov.my/sirihpinang/sp-galerifoto5.htm
6.0 Istana budaya construction.Retrieved construction.Retrieved 8 November 2016 from https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Malays https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Malaysian_National_The ian_National_Theatre,_Istana_B atre,_Istana_Budaya udaya Manco, J., & Manco, J. (n.d.). Researching Historic Buildings in the British Isles. Retrieved November 27, 2016, from http://www.buildinghistory.org/style/ http://www.buildinghistory.org/style/ Sahabuddin, F. (1970). The Establishment of 'Air House' Standard in Tropical Countries : Part 3. Retrieved November 29, 2016, from http://lensahijau.blogspot.my/2012/10/the-establis http://lensahijau.blogs pot.my/2012/10/the-establishment-of-air-house-s hment-of-air-house-standard_18.html tandard_18.html
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